VAST MAJORITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050006-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: March 2, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2005/07/13 CIA-RDP67600446R000400050006-7
March 3, 196u ? CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX A1123 -
Under unanimous consent, I include
the editorial at this point:
R.F.K. USES THE LINCOLN PLOY
We have seen the trick used over and
over and over again, until we are so annoyed
with misrepresentation that we can't let it
pass any longer, unimportant though the de-
tail may be.
We mean the persistent practice of folks
raising some form of fuss about the Vietnam
war, claiming the "precedent" of Abraham
Lincoln and his famous speech in criticism
of the Mexican War.
BOBBY KENNEDY is the latest to do so. His
recent speech that caused a bit of fuss led
off with 2 pages of apologia on the virtues of
dissent even in time of war and again cited
Lincoln's alleged example, rapping the Polk
administration in the "war of 1848."
But there wasn't any war in 1818.
It was over.
The Mexicans had been beaten on every
field. Our troops were occupying Mexico
City. A new election started the year 1848
with a new Mexican "peace president" and
peace negotiations began at once.
We were already completely and totally vic-
torious in that war before Lincoln rose to
criticize in a speech that couldn't possibly
affect American forces in the field or the
character of the Mexican re,sistance and could
only have been aimed at demanding a fair
and reasonable peace treaty for the defeated
Mexican nation.
The fact of history is that Lincoln held
his tongue throughout the period of actual
fighting and waited until our arms were not
affected before he made his criticism.
And that's the precedent that has been re-
peated and falsely cited as justifying remarks
being made today in the midst of battle at a
time when they have been welcomed as en-
couragement by the enemy in the field.
If anyone were really, honestly, concerned
to follow Lincoln's example they would, in
fact, keep their mouths shut in these cir-
cumstances. He did.
Yet they have either the nerve, or the un-
scrupulous trickery, or the historical stupid-
ity to actually claim "Lincoln's action" as
an excuse for their own.
It's irritating, but we admit, beside the
point.
There is not any question at all about the
right to find fault in war as in peace. You
can verbally attack the United States even
though it does encourage the enemy in the
midst of bitter fighting.
And, then, in turn you can also be at-
tacked for your position on the matter?by
the same principle, and right, and guaran-
teed freedom.
Your responsibility then is to defend your
position?not holler "foul" ?or cite a phony
"example" in Lincoln.
We haven't heard anybody deny the fact
that Ho Chi Minh has been encouraged by
the seeming confusion, uncertainty, and
fears thus expressed in the United States, to
the point that he has publicly given thanks
for them, and has cited them as evidence
that the Vietcong should keep on fighting
and refusing to negotiate.
No. They just want to howl?"But we have
a right to speak up."
Sure, you do. That's beside the point.
The question is not if you have such a right,
but are you doing the right thing when you
make use of it to give aid and encourage-
ment to the enemy and to prolong the war
in which Americans are fighting and dying
at the behest of their country as required
of them by those legally elected to make
such decisions?
And you surely don't have a right to snug-
gle up to Lincoln?he plainly did not think
such conduct was right.
vast Majority
EXTENSION OF REMARK
OF
HON. TENO RONCALIO
OF WYOMING
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, an edi-
torial from the Cheyenne, Wyo., Eagle
seems typical of many which I have
read recently. It states that it believes
"the vast majority of Americans under-
stand and support the President in his
policy of 'prudent firmness under care-
ful control' while pursuing a diplomatic
search for an honorable peace."
The paper recognizes that "President
Johnson has left, is leaving no stone un-
turned in his efforts to move the Viet-
nam conflict from the battlefield to the
conference table. And he has made it
abundantly clear, over and over, that the
United States will not be pushed out of
Vietnam by force of arms."
The article to which I refer clarifies
some issues which concern us so urgently
at this time, and with the permission of
my colleagues I offer the editorial for the
RECORD:
GOALS UNDERSCORED
By now, everyone in this Nation, and most
of the leaders throughout the world, should
understand our goals and purposes in Viet-
nam, our reasons for being there, and our
determination to stay until aggression from
the north has stopped.
President Johnson has left, is leaving no
stone unturned in his efforts to move the
Vietnam conflict from the battlefield to the
conference table. And he has made it
abundantly clear, over and over, that the
United States will not be pushed out of Viet-
nam by force of arms.
In his state of the Union message, delivered
during the 37-day bombing lull, the Presi-
dent said:
"We do not intend to abandon Asia to con-
quest."
He pointed out "our decision to stand firm
has been matched by our desire for peace."
And he stated:
"Until peace comes, or if it does not come,
our course is clear. We will act as we must
to help protect the independence of the
valiant people of South Vietnam. We will
strive to limit conflict, for we wish neither
increased destruction nor increased danger.
"But we will give our fighting men what
they must have; every gun, every dollar, and
every decision?whatever the cost and what-
ever the challenge."
Wednesday, the President again under-
scored U.S. goals in southeast Asia, pledging
a continued military course of "prudent firm-
ness under careful control" while pursuing
a diplomatic search for an honorable peace.
"We will build freedom while we fight," he
said, "and we will seek peace every day by
every honorable means. But we will per-
severe along the high, hard road of freedom."
He said that, already, "the tide of the
battle has turned" against the Communists.
And he reminded North Vietnam his offer
of unconditional peace talks still stands.
He assured critics here at home that "there
is not, and there will not be, a mindless
escalation."
"We have threatened no one?and we will
not," he said. "We seek the end of no
regime?and will not.
"Our purpose is solely to defend against
aggression. To any armed attack, we will
reply."
"Men ask who has a right to rule in Viet-
nam. Our answer there is what is has been
here for 200 years; the people must have this
right?the South Vietnamese people?and no
one else. Washington will not impose upon
the people of South Vietnam a government
not of their choice. Hanoi shall not impose
upon the people of South Vietnam a govern-
ment not of their choice."
Still with us, of course, are those who
would have us plunge forward in a "mind-
less escalation" of the war.
Some urge unlimited bombing, regardless
of what effect it might have upon world opin-
ion, and apparently without concern over the
question of whether it might bring China or
Russia into the war.
On the other hand, some would have us
turn our backs on our commitments?pull
out of southeast Asia and leave South Viet-
nam, and perhaps other countries, at the
mercy of the Communists. The utter folly of
this course should be obvious to all.
Fortunately, the man with the responsibil-
ity is the President of the United States.
The decisions are his, and he has the advice
and assistance of the best experts available.
We believe the vast majority of Americans
understand and support the President in his
policy of "prudent firmness under careful
control" while pursuing a diplomatic search
for an honorable peace.
Business Citizenship Competition by the
American Security Council
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, be-
ginning today the American Security
Council, nationally and internationally
renowned for its sober analyses and proj-
ects regarding the cold war, is conduct-
ing a unique contest open to all Ameri-
cans with respect to the role of business
of the cold war. Awards amounting to
$100,000 are being offered for the best
papers and articles on this vital subject.
There are many of us who have felt
that the United States had not exploited
to the full its economic power in turning
the scales against the Red totalitarian
network in this incessant cold war. Also,
the actual and potential losses of con-
structive American investments abroad,
as for example in Cuba and Venezuela
respectively, have not been soberly as-
sessed by our dynamic entrepreneurs.
It is questionable, too, that private
enterprise with its tremendous genius for
technological revolution has been fully
appreciated as a formidable weapon for
freedom. In addition, the generally
neutralist attitude of American business
in the cold war ' is another angle calling
for intensive analysis. These and many
other basic points are ideas deserving of
careful study, which this unique contest
provides the opportunity for.
For the benefit of all Americans, I in-
sert the release on "$100,000 for Best
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kt124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX March .1, 1966
Ideas on the Role of Business in the Cold
War' in the RECORD. I also insert the
rules and entry form, so that this vital
information can be made available to all
Americans concerned with the power Of
free enterprise in the cause of expanded
freedom::
Not HUNDSR1I L'icoUSAND DoLLARS Eon BEST
1>100, ()N THE ROLE OF BuSINESS IN TNE
Corr) WAR
ILliaLAGo.---A $100,000 business citizenship
viral:petition to encourage fresh thinking on
lIs' responsibilities of business in the cold
war was announced today by John M. Fisher,
president; of tile American Security Council
a.9(1) .
The competition will be conducted by the
ASC under a public service grant from the
Schick Safety Razor Co.
Caning the cold war a "psychological hot
war," Fisher said that the purpose of the
eoutest was Lo find effective ways to use the
talents and resources of business in the
worldwide battle for the minds of men.
lie said that Patrick J. Frawley, jr., chair-
man of the board of the Schick Safety Razor
Co. made this grant because American busi-
ness has the greatest array of sales, adv or-
tieing, and public relations talents in the
world but these talents have not been ef-
fectively mobilized to merchandise freedom.,
"As the advertising genius who merchan-
dised the Paper-Mate pen and the Schick
!aainless steel blade, Mr. Frawley is partieu-
itirly aware of tills business gap," 'Fisher said.
"norneone had to take a first step in filling
tins gap, so Schick is granting $100,000 in
awards to encourage the competition."
The top live individual awards are $25,000,
10,000, $7,000, $5,000, and $2,500. Grants
:stoat to these awards will be given by Schick
iiioneritillig organizations, colleges and
universities named by the award winners.
'Lidice will also he 1,000 medals given as spe-
eial awards.
lite ;dans are to be in the form of essays with
the winning papers to be published as the
appendix of ?eon Business Gap in the Cold
War," the second in the ASC's current series
at studies on -Peace and Freedom through
Cold War Victory."
The contest will be judged by a committee
imailed by Robert W. Galvin, chairman oi the
hoard of Motorola, Inc.
noting the National Governors Confer-
ence report on cold war education, Fisher
:end: ?Che American right to engage in pri-
vets: enterprise, like the right of citizenship
i (twin is balanced by a responsibility to de-
nion and streligthen the system which makes
tI']] en:xi-prim, possible."
he called upon all Americans to make their
colun: for freedom by advising the
;Riaillers colilaitunty how it can best meet
tenet, citizens tip responsibilities.
Deadline for submissions to the competi-
in Dettelliber 31, 1966. All Americans are
eligible to enter except employees of the
Slick Saft.itv Razor Cu. anti the ASC.
rtner ninon:nation tinu entry forms may-
liii obtained by writing to: Business Citi-
'nnhip Competition, c/o American Secu-
rity Council, 123 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago,
Tee Amerman Security Council is a bi-
t, not-tar-profit association with over
11,500 member institutions throughout the
i. 'ted States. Its membership includes
Meatless Innis of all types, newspapers, ham-
tie Lions, universities and other institutions.
.it ii tic means through which its members
work together and cooperate with the gav-
ec uncut and with other organizations in the
,Crest in national security.
AND ENTRY FORM--$100,000 BUSINESS
S?1:,,IENSHIP COMPHLPTION
/CHOLOGICAL HOT WAR
:01Tie cad the current conflict a cold war.
It is also a psychological hot war, waged by
communism to shape and Influence the ac-
tions of free men.. The Communist takeover
of Cuba is a good. example Of this kind of war.
Most Cubans and Americans were fooled by
the false picture of Castro the liberator?a
composite of Simon Bolivar and George
Washington. Not until Cubans had lost
their freedcm was he revealed as ii tool of
communism.
We understand, react to, and repel attacks
by bullets find bombs, but if we aiie to sur-
vive the psychological and political warfare
of communiem? new and effective means
must be found to counter communis i it's chal-
lenge to freedom.
Our challenge is to find the most effective
way of recruiting and using the talents and
resources of business in the global oattle for
men's :minds.
BUSINESS RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE CONFLICT
Private enterprise and. all Americans de-
pendent upon it for their livelihood suffer
every time the free world gives ground to
conun Li inset. With each. Commut ist gain,
be it in Cunia, the Far :East? or Latin America,
the danger to the remaining free world in-
creases.
Countering communism is the re, ponsibil-
ity of all seinnents of society not if govern-
meat alone.
No one :snows this better than President
Johnson, vtin recently said, "The qeat ma-
jority cif o ir citizens, I believe, we et to un-
derstand tile form and fashion of the chal-
lenge posed for us by communism." To meet
that need, the President said there is "not
only a, proper role, but a real need Cr leader-
ship of business * * * in providing :Americans
with * * * sound information on which they
can rely and from winch they can make their
own decisions as to the rightness or wrong-
ness of the paths we pursue in the search for
a peace wi.ich :preserves our LreedCoS."
And in ;1 :formal report on cold Tic educa-
tion, the C-overnors of our 50 State t reminded
businesses that "the American right to en-
gage in free enterprise, like the rig at of citi-
zenship if-el, is balanced by a responsibility
to defend and strengthen the sysi em which
/mikes Free enterprise possible."
USE 01' ILLAS
The wi ming papers will be p. dished as
the appendix of "the Business Cop in the
Cold War," the second in the Aneirican Se-
curity Council's series of studies on "Peace
and Freedom Through Cold War Victory."
The 128 colleges and 'universities and 102
major organizations which have cooperated
in this seiies of studies will be joined by new
cooperating institutions. All cooperating in-
stitutione will be eligible for grents to be
given in .he winners' names.
THE AMERICAN SECURITY CO'. NCIL
The American Security Council is operated
for the improvement of business and public
;understanding of the cold war and how to
meet the Comm.unist challenge.
Leaders of American business created the
council to provide a nonpolitical nonprofit
vehicle Larough which they could lay aside
competileve business and politic: l consider-
ations to work together and with all seg-
ments of society in their common business
intent:A iii: securing themselves and the coun-
try against the clear Communivo threat,.
In the 10 years since its creation, the
Atnerican Security Council has:
1. Become the largest busintes-operated
organizanion in the field of natiotial security.
2. Brought together the large: t group of
opinionmaking organizations (102) and edu-
cational institutions (128) ever to cooperate
in develc ping national strategy recommenda-
tions. abe resulting strategic eiudies have
been nationally acclaimed.
3. Bui:t a major research center, which in-
cludes the largest private library an national
security and communism in ft is country.
This center has handled over 150,00 research
assignments from members, i1overnment
agencies, congressional committee!;, and
newspapers.
4. Publtshed the weekly American Security
Council Washington Report, which is widely
reprinted or quoted by newspapers, used as a
prime news source by international wire
services, quoted in editorials across the coun-
try, used as a basis for class consider:, tion of
current events in a number of institutions of
higher education, and served as the basis for
many speeches on the floor of both the House
and the Senate.
5. Produced the American Security Coun-
cil Washington Report of the Air, the bipar-
tisan world affairs radio program coedited
by Dr. Walter H. Judd, Republican, a ad Sen-
ator THOMAS J. DODD, Democrat. This pro-
gram is broadcast by more stations than any
other daily radio program in the United
States,
6. Consistently maintained an impartial
and nonpolitical program to identify and
disseminate facts concerning the threat of
communism to American democracy and to
initiate sound and effective responses in sup-
port of private enterprise and individual
freedoms.
OFFICIAL RULES
1. The business citizenship Competition is
open to all persons in the United Slates, its
territories and possessions, except employees
of the Schick Safety Razor Co., the American
Security Council, and their families, and
residents of areas where contests are prohib-
ited or taxed by State or local laws or
regulations.
2. The contest entry must be in the form
of an essay not less than 10 nor Illare than
20 single-spaced 81/2-inch by :11-inch neatly
typewritten pages. The essay must include
a statement or definition of businceses' cold
war citizenship responsibilities and tell how
a business firm like Schick can use ill talents
and resources effectively in the global battle
for men's minds.
Recommendations for corporate action
should be specific to the extent of identifying,
communications media and corporate re-
source and personnel commitmenis neces-
sary for their completion. The reepmmen-
dations may cover a full range of ie.:Lions or
be limited to one detailed program or
activity.
3. The competition is open to any individ-
ual or group of individuals. Each submis-
sion must be in the name of one individual
and accompanied by the official entry form.
The names of others participating in the sub-
mission should be listed in the since pro-
vided on the entry form.
4. Entries must be postmarked no later
than December 31, 1966, and received no liter
than January 10, 1967. They must se
to: Business Citizenship Competition, en)
the American Security Council, 123 North
Wacker Drive, Chicago, Ill. Aiithors of
award-winning submissions will be notilied
by mail on or before June 30, 1967.
5. Judging will be by a panel dr mil frem
the National Strategy Committee :rid officers
of the American Security Council, Deciiiiens
of the judges are final. All submissions be-
come the property of the Schick Selety Riteor
Co. and the American Security Council tind
may be used by either or both in whatever
way they deem appropriate.
6. Each participant in the competition 111:ly
designate an educational institution or red-
for-profit organization which is ceolient Ling
in the American Security Council's study on
"The Business in the Cold War," to receive
a contribution in his name equal to his cash
award if he is one of the five top wirmera.
Cooperators will be welcomed :from tile
ranks of bona fide colleges and universities,
public or private, and from among the many
nonprofit organizations whose interests in-
clude some element of national seeurity.
To enroll as a cooperator ism the current
study, qualified institutions and organiza-
tions are invited to complete and send in the
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 4675
(d) Steel fire screen bulkheads should be
provided with incombustible insulation to
provide adequate fire barriers.
(e) All exposed paneling in passageway
bulkheads that provide escape routes from
passenger and crew staterooms should be of
incombustible material.
(f) All stairwells should be trunked in with
incombustible paneling and fitted with fire
screen doors to enclose the area.
(g) All ventilation ducts that pass through
fire zone bulkheads should be provided with
automatic fused fire dampers.
(h) The sprinkler system should cover all
interior combustible spaces accessible to
passengers and crew including spaces where
combustible material might be stowed.
(i) A 'loudspeaker communication system
should be provided to all passenger and crew
areas.
(j) All emergency means of escape avail-
able, such as stateroom windows and port-
holes, should be kept in good operable condi-
tion.
(k) Vital communications systems such as
general alarm circuits, loudspeaker system,
etc., should he installed clear of high fire
hazard areas and/or insulated against early
damage.
(1) Pressure should be maintained on the
fire main system at all times.
(m) On all overnight voyages on vessels
equipped with berthing areas a fire and boat
drill, including muster of passengers, should
he held at starting or shortly thereafter.
(n) Consideration be given to the adequacy
of communication among officers, crew, and
passengers concerning matters pertaining to
safety of life at sea.
5. That the Commandant, through the
U.S. representatives to IMCO, seek to revise
the construction standards of new passen-
ger vessels prescribed in the 1960 SOLAS to
require the maximum use of incombustible
material, as opposed to reliance on sprinklers
and detecting systems in conjunction with
partially combustible construction.
6. That the Commandant give considera-
tion to implementing letters of commenda-
tion to those vessels and personnel who per-
formed in the rescue operation in the high-
est tradition of the sea. This will be the
subject of separate correspondence from the
Board.
Louis M. THAYER,
Rear Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard,
Chairman.
J. B. MCCARTY,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Member.
WILLIAM KESLER, Jr.,
Commander, U.S. Coast Guard, Member
and Recorder.
(Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (at the re-
quest of Mr. MeGRATH) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. TEAGUE of Texas' remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (at the re-
quest of Mr. MeGaivrx) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. TEAGUE of Texas' remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (at the re-
quest of Mr. MeGRArx) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. TEAGUE of Texas' remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (at the request
of Mr. MeGRATH) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. TEAGUE of Texas' remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (at the request
of Mr. Methuen') was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
mat ter. )
[Mr. TEAGUE of Texas' remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (at the request
of Mr. MeGRArx) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. TEAGUE of Texas' remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
REFORMS HAILED
(Mr. HANSEN of Iowa (at the request
of Mr. MeGRATH) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
President Johnson's plan to intensify
political, social, and economic reforms,
with particular stress on rural recon-
struction in South Vietnam, is hailed in
a recent article appearing in the maga-
zine of Wall Street.
The writer, John Scott, quite candidly
points out that there is good reason for
the President's insistence that major
emphasis now be placed on this effort.
The informative and frank article con-
cludes with the opinion:
President Johnson is moving cautiously
but firmly to apply more and more military
pressure in Vietnam. Now he is moving to
bring the reconstruction effort up to the
level of the war effort. This is a balanced
and sane approach to the problem which re-
jects the counsels of extremism at either end
of the spectrum.
Knowing that many will want to read
this frank and informative article from
start to finish, I suggest that it be pub-
lished in the RECORD:
THE ANSWER TO VICTORY IN VIETNAM
(By John Scott)
The most important result of the Honolulu
Conference between President Johnson and
the leaders of South Vietnam was the strong
joint commitment to intensify political,
social, and economic reforms, with particular
stress on "rural reconstruction."
There was good reason for the President's
Insistence that major emphasis now be placed
on this effort. The failure so far of United
States and South Vietnamese officials to
achieve any significant improvement in the
lot of the peasants in most of the Govern-
ment-held areas is the Achilles heel of the
anti-Communist effort in Vietnam.
A year ago, when the South Vietnamese
military effort appeared to be on the verge of
collapse, the major emphasis had to be placed
on increasing U.S. military strength. The
first priority naturally was to avert military
disaster. Economic, medical, and educa-
tional programs had to take second place.
SO PAR
Novi American armed strength has been in-
creased from 25,000 a year ago to more than
200,000 and more troops are going in all the
time. North Vietnam has been brought
under limited U.S. aerial attacks to show the
Hanoi regime that it will not enjoy a privi-
leged sanctuary while engaging in the effort
to overthrow the Government in the south.
In the words of Defense Secretary Robert
McNamara, "we have stopped losing the war."
While we are a long way from "winning"
the war?and the Communists spurn all bids
to talk peace?we are in a position to devote
vastly more time, men and money to the
reconstruction programs necesary for any
lasting success.
WI-IT HO CHI MINIS HAS THE EDGE
The necessity to bring about a rather dra-
matic improvement in the social, economic,
and political situation of the rural areas
under control of the Saigon government is
particularly acute because the background of
the struggle in Vietnam since 1946.
President Ho Chi Minh of Communist
North Vietnam has a far greater influence
on the.peasants in South Vietnam than many
Americans realize. He was the "George
ashington" who led them to independence
In 1954 after a long and bitter struggle
against the French. He still is revered by
many millions of peasants in the south who
haven't the vaguest idea what "communism"
Is and don't particularly care.
On their list of priorities, food and cloth-
ing, housing, and a bare education, are the
top items. Ideological considerations are
away down the list.
From their standpoint, there is little dif-
ference between the Saigon government and
the Vietcong. When "Uncle Ho" tells them
everything will be better if they support the
Vietcong in its effort to run the Americans _
out and destroy the Saigon government,
they are inclined to believe him,
THE COMMONSENSE ANSWER
The United States and the Saigon govern-
ment can overcame this problem only by
improving living conditions in Government-
held areas and areas reclaimed by the
Government dramatically enough to demon-
strate the advantages of life in non-Com-
munist territory. A successful program
along this line not only will erode peasant
support for the Vietcong but broaden sup-
port for the Saigon government and give it
a stability it has not been able to achieve
since the overthrow and murder of the late
President Ngo Dinh Diem.
The task is not going to be easy. While
the Saigon government has dominion over
the majority of people in South Vietnam,
because it holds the big cities, it is in con-
trol of only one-fourth of the territory.
The Vietcong and their North Vietnamese
colleagues hold about one-fourth of the
area.
The remaining one-half of the land in
South Vietnam is a sort of "no-man's land,"
penetrated by military forces of both sides
but held by neither.
It is in this vast "no-man's land" that
the Saigon government, with U.S. military
support, must hack out its gains and con-
solidate them by swift application of recon-
struction measures which will enlist
the wholehearted support of the local
inhabitants.
CONSIDERATIONS THAT MOVED PRESIDENT
JOHNSON
It is clear then why President Johnson
felt it time to raise the reconstruction cam-
paign to a level of equal importance with
the military effort. The joint communique
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4676 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE March 3, 1066
issued in Honolulu spelled out "three par-
ticular points" in the reconstruction pro-
gram as being "essential for rapid progress":
1. Continued emphasis by both Vietna-
mese and allied forces on the effort to build
democracy in the rural areas?an effort as
important as the military battle itself.
"2. Continued emphasis on the design of
rural reconstruction work to meet the peo-
ple's need for larger output, more efficient
production, improved credit, handicrafts
and light industry, and rural electrification.
"3. Concentration of resources?both Viet-
namese and American--in selected priority
areas which are properly related to military
plans so that the work of rural reconstruc-
Lion ean be protected against disruption by
the enemy."
President Johnson returned from Hono-
lulu determined to see the reconstruction
program pushed effectively and his peace
cfforts continued along with the military
campaign. He believes, according to his
aids, that:
and Haiphong should not be
bombed.
Communist China will not enter the war
If the United States continues present
lab: policies are correct and his critics, both
on the left and right, offer xio practical
alternatives.
birr ymi.sinc TO PRESSURES AND WHY
Th President has been under consider-
able pressure from some military men and
some Congressmen to bomb the industrial
installations in the area of the North Viet-
bamcse capital of Hanoi and the port city
of Haiphong. However, he shows no sign
of giving in to this pressure,
fie may well feel that destruction of these
cities would not end Communist resistance,
that it might bring Ited China into the
conflict.
He also.must recognize that the large civi-
lian casualties would weaken the U.S. stand
in the eyes of many of the nations now
inclined to sympathize with Washington.
THE EMENCH HELD THE BIG CITIES, BUT LOST
THE WAR
The French, who failed to hold Indochina
with 500,000 men, frequently have pointed
out that they held Hanoi, Haiphong, Saigon,
and every other major city in North and
South Vietnam and Ho's men still licked
-them.
IN 88M
Thus?while the French position in 1954
and that of the Americans today are not
analogous, there are enough points of refer-
ence to make it doubtful that Ho and the
Vietcong can be defeated by bombing the
big cities in the north.
President Johnson :Ls moving cautiously
but firmly to apply more and more military
pressure in Vietnam. Now he is moving to
Ming the reconstruction effort up to the
level of the war effort. This is a balanced
and sane approach to the problem which re-
jects the counsels of extremism at either
end of the spectrum.
If the strong words on social, economic,
and political reform in the Honolulu decla-
ration are followed by strong action along
those lines in Vietnam, the road ahead may
0ecoine considerably brighter.
(Mr. CONYERS (at the request of Mr.
McGRATH) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the REC-
ORD and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. CONYERS' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. CONYERS (at the request of Mr.
1VIcClattern) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the REC-
ORD and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. CONYERS' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
SCHOOL LUNCH AND SPECIAL MILK
PROGRAMS
(Mr. K()RNEGAY (at the request of
Mr. MeGaiern) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. KORNEGAY. Mr. Speaker, the
President told the Congress in his mes-
sage this week on domestic health and
education that "a poor diet is a root
cause of disease." wholeheartedly
agree.
I am also firmly of the opinion that
the roots of a healthy nation are in the
youth of America. President Johnson
said that it is hard to teach a hungry
child. I wholeheartedly agree.
?We need to insure that the American
youth be healthy, that he be vibrant,
that he have the vitality he will need in
the complex and challenging years
ahead. We need to insure, as best we
can, that he get the proper nourishment
that his growing body and mind needs.
get, President Johnson's new budget
calls for drastic reductions in the exist-
ing school lunch and special milk pro-
grams, He has submitted a proposed
Child Nutrition Act of 1966, which would
be a new effort directed at feeding the
needy. There is no doubt in my mind
that we must continue to help feed
hungry children who lack a proper diet.
However, it does not seem wise or even
logical to do away with a prograM which
has worked well since 1954. In the
special school milk program, we get
more return for less expenditure than in
any Federal subsidy program with which
I am familiar.
Therefore, I am introducing a bill to-
day which will continue this program
which is now used in over 92,000 schools
throughout the country.
The Child Nutrition Act of 1966 would
be directed only toward the needy child.
Who is to declare who the needy chil-
dren are? In my judgment, all children
need milk and it is fallacious to main-
tain that only the needy child would
benefit from a milk supplement.
The school milk program has worked
efficiently for a long time and at rela-
tively small cost to the Government. I
would like to see it continued.
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(Mr. ALBERT (at the request of Mr.
MCGRATH> was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr.. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, at a press
conference recently several colleagues on
the other side of the aisle expressed con-
cern about the status of the Small Busi-
ness Administration, alleging that the
agency had been neglecting the problems
of small business. These allegations are
inaccurate and I am most pleased to state
the facts and set the record straight.
Under President Johnson's guidance
and leadership the major programs of
the agency are operating at record levels.
In terms of the agency's lending pro-
grams, which is a true measure of the
effectiveness of the agency, I am pleased
to report the following facts:
During fiscal year 1960, for all its fi-
nancing programs the agency loaned a
little more than $171 million. In this
current fiscal year, the total lending level
will be about $718 million. Next year,
under President Johnson's budget, that
total will be increased to $725 million,
more than four times what the agency
accomplished in 1960.
It is also interesting to compare these
figures on a program basis. Concern has
been expressed about the business loan
program. In 1960, the agency put out a
total of $144.3 million in regular business
loans. Last year they established a new
record of approximately $339 inillion.
This year, despite curtailment they ex-
pect to exceed that record, raising the
total amount to $354 million. Next year
under President Johnson's budget, the
program level for regular business loans
will be $428 million. Again, this is almost
four times what they were able to accom-
plish in 1960.
The comparisons carry through for
every SBA loan activity. Loans to State
and local development companies in
1960 totaled $4.6 million. This year
their volume will be almost nine times
that amount--$40 million. Next year
under President Johnson's budget for
SBA, they will increase that amount by
25 percent to $50 million.
In 1960, approximately $18.4 million
was loaned to small business investment
companies. This year, the amount will
be about $75 million and next year you
can expect a similar amount.
The amount of funds allocated for dis-
aster lending depends, of course, on the
need. In 1960, the amount was slightly
in excess of $4 million. This year it will
be $220 million. While a comparison of
these amounts is not particularly use-
ful as such, the disaster loan program
being carried out in the agency today
does throw some light on the present
quality of leadership and efficiency of the
agency. Put very simply, since Hurri-
cane Betsy struck Florida, Mississippi,
and Louisiana in September of last year,
this agency in response to that and other
needs, made more disaster loans than
were made in the entire history of the
agency. This was accomplished at a
time when the agency's 68 field offices
were operating the business loan program
at record levels. In the Betsy disaster
area alone, they will make approximately
3,000 loans.
In 1965, they added a new program of
loans to improverished businessmen
which was incorporated in the Economic
Opportunity Act. That year they loaned
$2 million. This year they will increase
to approximately $25 million and next
year, under the new budget the amount
will double to $50 million.
If the size of SBA is any indication of
importance, then we find that under
President Johnson's budget, at a time
when budgets are very tight, the agency
will increase significantly to almost 5,000
employees. This can be compared with
a little more than 2,000 in 1960. This
growth does not suggest plans to down-
grade or destroy the agency.
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sumer?who buys what he must?re-
gardless of price.
The cost of living index as currently
contrived by the Bureau of Labor Statis-
tics is faulty and misleading. It fails
to include the high cost of family inter-
est and increased contributions to re-
tirement and health programs. Statis-
tically, it leaves the individual family
with disposable income which does not
exist.
There are other ways to control credit
expansion which seem completely over-
looked by the Federal Reserve. The
Comptroller of the Currency and the
Federal insurance corporations have the
authority to increase the liquidity of
banks and savings and loans simply by
ordering an increase in the reserves.
Without raising interest rates one pen-
ny, the lending institutions would be
stirred into the purchase of Government
securities to bolster liquidity. This
would contribute to the stability of pub-
lic borrowing and reduce the rate at
which the Government itself could bor-
row?reducing in this way the cost of
servicing the public debt. Perhaps this
would call for a higher degree of patri-
otism than we have a right to expect
from our bankers. However, a reserve
increase policy should be completely
suitable to responsible lenders who
should see the long-term advantage to
national fiscal policies.
An increase in bank reserves would
dry up excess credit and continue to
make it available for priority purposes
at no greater costs.
The Federal Reserve policies on col-
lateral lending restrict credit to 30 per-
cent on securities listed on the major
exchanges. However, no such restric-
tion applies on over-the-counter issues
In which lending institutions can loan
without reservation and participate in
unregulated speculation.
Frankly, a full and continuous con-
gressional hearing is long overdue on
economic and fiscal policies. The war
on inflation demands our daily vigilance.
lance.
America has been built upon enter-
prise, prudence, and a national distaste
of usury.
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD'S IN-
TEREST INCREASE MAY HAVE
TURNED PHANTOM INFLATION
INTO AN ECONOMIC MONSTER
(Mr. ANNUNZIO (at the request of
Mr. VANIK) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I wish
to wholeheartedly endorse the remarks
made by the gentleman from Texas [Mr.
PATMAN) and the gentleman from Ohio
[Mr. VANIK].
The actions taken by the Federal Re-
serve Board to stem a "phantom infla-
tion" may have actually produced an in-
flation where one did not exist. In the
area of home building the increase in
the discount rate which was followed by
the rise in FHA mortgage interest
charges have succeeded only in raising
the cost of housing; and when the cost
of housing goes up, the cost of building
materials must go up, and so on around
the circle until prices on virtually every
service and product rise.
I sincerely hope that the Federal Re-
serve Board will not make the same mis-
take again, but I have an uneasy feeling
that the Board is planning to adopt an
even higher increase in the discount rate
and bank savings account rates in the
near future.
Mr. Speaker, I am not a lawyer, but
I will use a practice adopted by many
trial attorneys called arguing in the al-
ternative. Under this practice, the
lawyer contends that his client did not
punch the plaintiff in the nose, but if
his client did punch the plaintiff, then
it was only because the plaintiff struck
him first. By arguing in the alternative,
I will state that there is no inflation in
this country, but if there is an inflation,
it was caused by the Federal Reserve
Board's hastily concocted interest rate
increase.
The United States, as we well know, is
sailing along in its period of peacetime
prosperity. For some unknown reason,
the Federal Reserve Board through its
economists, self-appointed prophets, and
ouija board operations have determined
that we are not in an era of prosperity,
but rather are in the midst of an infla-
tion and the only remedy they foresee to
cancel this period of prosperity is to
raise interest rates.
Recently, I was privileged to discuss
interest rates and tightening of money
with the Governor of the Italian Central
Bank System, Gov. Guido Carli. In the
past several years Italy was faced with
what everyone, I am sure, will consider
a bona fide inflationary period. The
Italian Central Bank, following estab-
lished Federal Reserve Board policy,
sought to solve the inflation by tighten-
ing money. I want every Member of this
Congress to know that Italy solved its
problem of inflation by tightening
money. No longer is there inflation in
Italy. The country?as a result of the
tight money policy?is now in the throes
of one of its worst depressions and Gov-
ernor Carli personally admitted to me
that?
We might have gone a little too far In our
tight money policies.
Mr. Speaker, the Federal Reserve
Board, by tightening credit, has taken
the tiger out of the tank and injected
it into the monetary system. It has
jerked the tail of the monetary tiger and
gained an instant response. But what
happens when the Federal Reserve Board
faces the task of stimulating the econ-
omy? No longer can they jerk the tiger's
tail. They must now push that same
tiger and, like the tiger, it is not easy to
push a recessionary monetary state bank
to a time of prosperity.
For several months the Small Business
Administration has been under fire for
Its cutback lending policies, and I fail to
see an end to SBA's problems unless the
Federal Reserve Board withdraws its
rate increase. At the present time the
Small Business Administration cannot
make loans with an interest rate of more
than 51/2 percent. In addition, it must
make millions of dollars worth of 3-per-
cent disaster loans and many other mil-
lions of dollars worth of loans that bear
4- or 5-percent interest rates. In order
to make these loans, the agency must
reimburse the Treasury for the money
lent at an interest rate which is equal to
the current Government money market.
At the present time it costs the Govern-
ment nearly 5 percent to obtain funds.
If SBA is required to pay Treasury nearly
5 percent for its money and then turn
around and relend the money to disaster
victims and small business owners at
rates as low as 3 percent, then it does not
appear that the agency can go on indefi-
nitely making loans. This same situa-
tion applies to every governmental
agency or program which is engaged in
the lending business. The only way to
solve this situation is to reduce interest
rates in general and thereby lower the
cost which the Government has to pay
to obtain funds. In short, the less money
the Government has to pay in interest
on its funds, the more money that SBA
and other Government lending agencies
will have available. I urge every small
businessman to write and to protest to
the Federal Reserve Board for increasing
the discount rate and together let us lay
the responsibility where it belongs?at
the feet of the Federal Reserve Board.
Mr. Speaker, I shall not go into the mo-
tives that were in the Federal Reserve
Board's mind when it raised interest
rates but only hope that these gentle-
men can justify this increase to them-
selves when it turns a period of pro-
longed prosperity into a period of de-
pressio
VIETNAM
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. AYRES] is recog-
nized for 60 minutes.
Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, the voices
of dissent have been heard throughout
the land. Many of these have impugned
our Armed Forces in Vietnam?inferring
that they are oppressors or tools of im-
perialism.
While these voices have not been many
in number, they have been broadcast
loudly throughout the country. The
story of their so-called dissent has been
distributed to the press of the world and
has undoubtedly given great hope to our
enemy. I do not question that they have
also encouraged him to fight on with re-
newed vigor despite the efforts of our
Government to bring about a just settle-
ment of the conflict.
Some might come to the conclusion
that the morale of our fighting forces in
Vietnam would be destroyed by these
dissenting messages from their home
base. Never in past wars has the Ameri-
can fighting man lacked in support from
the home citizenry. While we can but
agree that the right of the dissenter to be
heard is fair, we also believe that it is
about time that the voice of the assenter
has an equal opportunity to reach the
ears of the people. I know of no seg-
ment of our populace who can better
speak for the American people than the
rank and file of the servicemen who are
serving overseas.
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 4661
computed annual interest rate on the public
debt, marketable issues, 1939?Dee. 1965
god of fiscal year or month: Total
T.939 2.525
940 2.492
!,441 2.413
1942 2. 225
1.913 1.822
1914 1.725
1.915 1.718
(946 1. 773
1917 1.571
918 1.942
1919 2.001
1.950 1.958
1951 1.981
1952 2.051
953.. 2.207
207
1954 2.043
1951L 2. 079
1.956 2. 427
1957 2. 707
1958 2.546
1959 2.891
1960_ 3.449
1961 3.063
1.962 3.285
:963 3.425
1961 3.659
1965, June 3. 800
December 3. 890
Source: Annual Report of the Secretary of
(lie Treasury, 1964, and Treasury Bulletin,
November 1965.
Mr. Speaker, let, me translate these
percentage increases in interest rates into
more meaningfull terms. Since 1952 the
people of this great Nation have paid
some $60 billion in excess interest costs.
This figure is based on the. level of inter-
est rates existing in 1952. This amounts
to almost 10 percent of the gross na-
tional product in 1965 and more than
half?more than 50 percent?of the esti-
mated Federal administrative budget for
fiscal 1965. I need not dwell on the many
vital programs these funds could be in-
vested in if they did not have to be paid
out in higher interest rates.
When the Martin regime took over in
1951, the Nation's taxpayers were paying
$6 billion in interest on the national debt.
Today, 15 years later, this figure has sky-
rocketed to $13 billion. In each of the
past 3 years, Mr. Martin has raised the
discount rate on the wholesale cost of
money to the banks.
As a result, Mr. Speaker, there is abso-
lutely no hope that Mr. Martin will exer-
cise voluntary restraint. If we allow
him, Mr. Martin will lead us to total mon-
etary disaster. And the great long si-
lence of the Congress leads Mr. Martin
to believe that he is free to follow this
reckless course.
Therefore, I am convinced that the
Congress in this session must set the
record straight. In the next few days,
( olan to meet with our "unofficial steer-
ing committee to maintain the 41/4-per-
cent interest rate." As you know, this
committee is composed of 87 Democratic
Members of the House. I plan to ask the
c.-anmittee to consider the introduction
of a resolution which would include these
points among others:
foirst. That the Federal Reserve Board
rii;:;cind its order of December 6 and re-
torn the discount rate to 4 percent.
Gecond. That the House of Represen-
tatives go on record in support of the
41/4-percent maximum on long-term
Government securities.
Mr. Speaker, it is no secret to anyone
in this Chamber that I am strongly in
favor of a complete overhaul of the Fed-
eral Reserve System so that it is more
responsive to the people and to the
elected representatives of the people. I
have introduced legislation to accom-
plish this I hope Congress will see fit to
act on this legislation soon.
However, today I address myself to the
need for an immediate and emergency
resolution setting forth the sense of the
Congress on the financial issues which
cannot wait. All of us know we are
facing the absolute necessity of providing
funds for massive military expenditures
in southeast Asia. This is a fact that
cannot escape -as. Therefore, I feel it is
imperative that we take action now that
will assure that we can finance and carry
on this war without bankrupting the Na-
tion through skyrocketing interest rates.
We should strongly consider steps
which will allow the country to finance
the Vietnam expenditures on a formula
comparable to that used in World War
II, when interest rates on long-term
Government securities never did rise
above 2Y, percent.
Let us riot deceive ourselves. We are
at the crossroads. n one direction we
can let the big banks and their wining
ally the Federal Reserve Board stoke the
fires of rising interest rates in wartime
profiteering. Or we can take a more
rational and sounder position which will
hold interest rates down and give the
Johnson administration the ability to fi-
nance the Vietnam conflict within
reasonable monetary limits and without
inflation.
We cannot dodge the issue. We can-
not dodge our responsibility. The coun-
try is watching and waiting.
Mr. ULLMAN.. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
join today with my good friend and col-
league, the gentleman from Texas, in
emphasizing the danger of continued
high interest rates. I commend the
gentleman for his; outstanding work in
bringing to the attention of the Ameri-
can people the folly of high interest poli-
cies and in citing the terribly high cost
that it imposes on our economy and on
each of our citizens.
During the past 15 years, the natimal
debt has increased by 20 percent, but
during the same period the interest; cost
on the debt ;has gone up 100 percent.
Comparable increases in the field of pri-
vate credit cast the American consumer
many billions of dollars each year.
Because of the imminent danger of
further increases and because of the need
for Congress to reassert its constitutional
authority in monetary matters, I intro-
duced a bill on March 1 which would
require the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System to obtain eon-
gressional confirmation for changes in
rates of discount. Under provisions of
the bill, the Board would retain the flexi-
bility to make changes, but without con-
gressional confirmation, they would re-
main in effect for only 90 days. Congress
would have the power to rescind the
Board's action at any time during the
90-day period.
This degree of congressional control
must be asserted to assure that the na-
tional monetary policies of the Federal
Reserve Board do not conflict with the
combined economic policies of the Con-
gress and the national administration.
Again, I want to congratulate the dis-
tinguished chairman of the Committee
on Banking and Currency and all of
those who have joined in this most vital
effort to maintain stability in the Na-
tion's banking and credit systems.
SPIRALING COSTS OF CREDIT
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
a previous order of the House, the gen-
tleman from Ohio [Mr. Vamx] is rec-
ognized for 60 minutes.
(Mr. VANIK asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, I want to
take this opportunity to commend the
distinguished chairman of the House
Banking and Currency Committee and
chairman of the Joint Committee on
Economic Report for directing the at-
tention of the Congress to the spiraling
costs of credit brought about by recent
Federal Reserve policies.
I cannot join those who reason that
an inflationary Price spiral can be curbed
by raising the price of money borrov ed
for enterprise or family life. Our pric-
ing experience since the unwarranted
rise in the discount rate last December
has not reduced a single price. On the
contrary, it has added considerably to
every item of purchase. For the aver-
age American who must rely upon credit,
the new house is drastically more ex-
pensive?and so is the automobile and
the refrigerator. The added interest
rate paid to those who lend money is
like a new excise tax on every item of
purchase?ordered to be paid by an
agency of the Federal Government to
private lending agencies. This exercise
of the power of the Federal Reserve con-
stitutes the worst form of "administered
pricing," pricing upward for the lending
industry.
During the past 60 days, the cost of
living index continued more sharply in
its upward trend. It is not coincidence
that the acceleration of trend during the
past 60 days over the previous 60-day
period appears to be just about equal to
the increase in the cost of credit?
decreed by Federal Reserve policies.
The method of calculating the cost of
living index fails to include the cost of
credit as a family commodity--and yet
in my district the cost of credit per fam-
ily ranges from 10 percent of family in-
come to as much as 35 percent of family
income. The action of the Federal Re-
serve on December 6 raising the dis-
count rate from 4 to 4.5 percent had the
effect of precipating at least a 121/2 per-
cent rise in the interest rate at all con-
sumer level?thereby driving low-
income, high-borrowing families closer
to the poverty levels.
Business and industry can simply tack
on added interest rates as an additional
business expense, added to the higher
price. Through the multiplying effect
of price increases at the production,
wholesale, distribution, and retail levels,
the economic domino pressure eventu-
ally crashes down on the family con-
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ApprovegicgalmeoRgroipap-R9mgo446R000400050006-7 4663
Despite the terrors of guerrilla war-
fare, the penalties of tropical disease, the
lack of adequate supplies, the bombing of
his rest zones, the failure of total support
from home?our servicemen have carried
on in the tradition of heroism that has
marked our fighting men in every con-
flict since we first took up arms in the
Revolutionary War.
The American serviceman's morale
has also remained high through the ces-
sation of bombing of North Vietnam. He
knew full well that this cessation would
permit the enemy to bring larger forces
to oppose him and that greater casual-
ties would be forthcoming. In the re-
newal of that bombing, he has seen the
failure of the cessation plan and the
realization that the road ahead is one
that could cost him his life.
Winston Chruchill said:
No one can guarantee success in war, but
only deserve it.
Most certainly by our actions in the
Vietnam situation, we are deserving of
success: Our motives are clear and hon-
est. At one time, we put trust in the
words of the Communist nations and
thus placed entire nations of people into
bondage. The Berlin wall remains to
this very day as a symbol of the impris-
onment of millions.
I have not chosen the dove nor the
hawk as my symbol in the great debate
that exists in the Congress. I have in-
stead remained firm in the support of
that bird which has ever symbolized a
just freedom for all?the American
eagle.
I do not disagree with the principle
of debate. I do say, however, that the
national interests of our Nation should
be ever paramount during such discus-
sions.
I pledge my entire support to our
Armed Forces in Vietnam and that, of
course, includes the decisions of its Com-
mander in Chief.
Just today, I attended the signing of
the new GI bill. The House Veterans'
Affairs Committee has always treated
such matters in a nonpartisan manner.
I worked very closely with its most able
chairman, Representative OLIN TEAGUE,
in the preparation and passage of this
bill. As I stood in the White House and
watched the President sign this measure,
I could but feel that this was a further
demonstration to our men in Vietnam
that the overwhelming majority of this
Congress supported them.
Before the Christmas holidays, the
Akron Beacon Journal, with its usual
concern for the welfare of our service-
men, asked the parents of those serving
on foreign shores to send in their names
and addresses so that the readers of that
paper might be able to send them Christ-
mas cards. I do know that the Akron
populace responded en masse to this op-
portunity. My son, Frank, who is serv-
ing with the Navy in Asian waters has
told me that he received a large volume
of mail. I am certain that the other
men also received many well wishes
from the Akron Beacon Journal's
readers.
No. 38-8
I also wrote a letter to each one of
these young men, from my district, who
were serving overseas. I wish to assure
them that I am appreciative of their ac-
tions and that the people of the United
States of America, with but few excep-
tions, are standing firmly in their
support.
I did not ask nor did I anticipate a
reply but I was most pleased to receive
a large volume of mail from them.
Mr. Speaker, earlier in my remarks, I
stated that no one could better speak
for the assentors than our servicemen
overseas. I shall read a number of the
letters that I have received from the men
who are serving on foreign soil. I would
have you note that without exception
they not only know what they are fight-
ing for but have no dissent with it.
Their letters have brought pride to my
heart and tears to my eyes. I do not
include the letter that I have received
from my own son, Frank, who is serving
amongst them, but I assure you that he
agrees with every one of their state-
ments.
I hope that every Member, not only
of this House but of the other body, as
well, read their words. We can have no
greater authority than this, for our fu-
ture actions.
They ask for our support and prayers.
Can we deny them to them?
Some of the letters follow:
U.S .S. "SACRAMENTO,"
December 26, 1965.
WILLIAM H. AYRES,
14th District, Ohio,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. AYRES: I wish to thank you very
much for the letter that I have just received
from you. It meant a lot to me and to all
my shipmates.
Some of the men have received "anti-U.S.
intervention in Vietnam" letters from people
back home. They sound as if they don't
know what is really happening. For this
reason, your letter meant a lot to all of us.
I myself wish that all people everywhere
could live together in friendship with no fear
of each other. We, I know, are trying to
make such a world by fighting communism
here in the Vietnam area.
Sir, when you asked if there was anything
that you could do for me, I thought of only
one thing. I was wondering if you, yourself,
would tell everyone in the United States the
whole truth on why we are over here fight-
ing; tell them we are here to help save the
whole world from communism. I do not
think that half the people of the United
States really know that this is why we are
here.
From the news we get, it seems that they
are fighting among themselves over some-
thing that they do not really understand.
Thank you again for the letter. I want to
wish you a very Merry Christmas and wish
you many more in the years to come.
Your friend,
BOB WALKEe,
OUI Nos, VIETNAM,
January 3,1966.
DEAR M. AYRES: I want to thank you for
sending me that wonderful letter and taking
out the time to write to me.
Everything is going along for me here in
Vietnam fairly well. Sometimes it is a little
rough, but it is an honor for me to be chosen
from Ohio to serve in the Army.
The only thing that I could ask of you is
to say some prayers so that we can win the
war over here.
I am a little late in wishing you a merry
Christmas and a happy New Year.
sp.4c THOMAS J. SZUDLO,
151st Transportation Company.
DECEMBER 24, 1965.
DEAR M. AYRES: I would like to start this
out by saying how much I appreciate your
kind thoughts at Christmas.
Every man in America has to fulfill his
obligation to his country.
Men like your son and myself fulfill this
by doing our part.
The Armed Forbes today are ready to meet
any task the enemy or country calls for.
We will continue to stay ready to defend
until peace unites all countries and America
calls us home for good.
Merry Christmas and the best of New Years
to you and yours.
Sincerely,
Cpl. CARL E. OSBURN
A Battery, 2/27th Artillery, 3d Armor
Division.
DECEMBER 12, 1965.
DEAR MR. AYRES: I don't know how to thank
you enough for your letter.
It proves to me that there are people who
will take time out from their daily schedules
to care about us.
It was a truly kind gesture which I sin-
cerely appreciate.
I have something for you. It speaks, I
believe, for every man in uniform today and
I would appreciate your reading it and pass-
ing it on to the other House Members if you
believe it to be good enough.
Once again, thank you very sincerely for
your letter and I hope you and yours have
very Merry Christmas and happy New Year.
Pt c. MICHAEL K. JOHNSON,
Company A, 26 Battalion, 37th Armor.
DECEMBER 12, 1965.
Hon. WILLIAM H. AYRES,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Ma. AYRES: Just a few lines to thank
you for your letter to one of our men. Be-
ing a GI during these troubled times, letters
such as yours does much for one's morale.
Many people in the United States don't
realize the situation we are faced with. Al-
though we are stationed in Europe, many
miles away from our counterparts in Viet-
nam, we realize the hardships and trouble
they suffer. I'm sure we speak for the many
men in uniform when we say thank you for
your kind support.
It's hard for us to understand the reason-
ing behind these peace loving Americans who
walked around supporting the very people
Who are killing their sons and neighbors.
What must it take to bring these individ-
uals around to their senses? Did our grand-
fathers and fathers go through the same
when they were called up to defend their
country?
Don't these people realize that basically
what the young men of today are fighting is
just the sons and grandsons of the past
oppressors. Sure their color and features
are different but their ideas are no different
than those of the Kaiser, der Fuhrer, H
Duce and the Rising Sun. The young men
of today are fighting more than an enemy,
they are fighting for ideals and beliefs that
have been taught to them from youth, yet
their own teachers are now saying they are
wrong, that they should give up and return
home. What kind of home would they re-
turn to if they did this? What kind of
home would they have now if their fathers
and grandfathers had just given up? To-
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day it's the Constitution?what's it going to
be tomorrow?"The Communist manifesto?"
Each day here in Europe units lose from
three to five men daily who have volunteered
for service in a forgotten war. Are these
youths warmongers or just men who believe
in America's future? Some day these same
young men hope to raise families and I'm
sure they would much prefer to raise them
as they remembered it: TV, local dances,
stopping at the local hamburger shack for
a snack. This brings a question to mind.
What if the one hundred and some odd Red
divisions rolled across the border that we are
protecting into the heart of Europe. What
would be America's reaction, that we were
warmongers? Is there a difference? The
hammer and sickle has many faces and col-
ors (as was proven in Korea). We say there
will never be another Pearl Harbor; will
there be?
Sir, this letter all came about because you
were considerate enough to express your
appreciation in the form of a Christmas
greeting to one of our men. Along with this
soldier we, the men of this company, would
like to extend sincerest gratitude and ap-
preciation to you, along with our wishes for
a very merry Christmas and a fruitful New
Year. Our thanks, sincere thanks, to the
men in Vietnam, to you, and the many
Americans who have not forgotten their
heritage.
Sincerely yours,
THE MEN OF A COMPANY,
2D BATTALION, 37TH ARMOR.
FYGLITING SQUADRON 24,
U.S.S. HANCOCK,
December 29, 1965.
DEAR SIR: I want to thank you for send-
ing me a Christmas greeting. I was really
surprised. I just don't know what to say. I
almost feel honored to have gotten a letter
From you. It sure made me feel good to
know that you found time out of all your
work to send me a letter.
F know my Christmas wasn't the best a
man could hope for in the way of being
home and all, but as far as proudness goes,
don't think I could have been any more
proud than I was Christmas Day. It really
hilt good to know that I was a part of a
team working to conserve freedom and peace
For all. I think that my being here is the
best Ch:ristmas present I could give. I only
hope and pray that this war is over soon,
so that we all here and in Vietnam can come
home to our loved ones safe and sound.
I am on the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Han-
cock somewhere close to Vietnam. It is hot
and we have been working 12- to 18-hour
days, 'I days a week. We have been here 2
weeks and we still have 4 to go.
It's not really bad. I guess it's just being
out here in the middle of nowhere for days
on end that bug you. But I guess it's better
than what those poor guys are going through
in Vietnam itself. Compared to them. I
guess we have it pretty soft. I only pray
that we do not lose many more men.
I will close here. Thanks again for every-
thing and I pray that your son will come
back sate and sound. As for things here,
they are fine and if ever I need your help,
I'll be sure to let you know. Thanks. May
Clod bless and guide you in everything you
neerely yours,
CLYDE C. GREEN, Jr.
Wow Town
january 8, 1966.
DEAR Mn. WILLIAM B. AYRES: I WOWd like
to thank you for sending me a very nice let-
ter wishing me season's greetings. It means
a lot to a soldier to know that he isn't for-
gotten when he is away from his family and
loved ones.
It is wonderful to know what we service-
men in Vietnam are doing for our country.
But we wonder if we have the backing of our
fellow citizens who are sitting in their homes,
relaxed and happy with their holiday, where
they are free. We hear on the radio and read
in the Stars and Stripes wha I. a few of our
fellow citizens think of what we are doing
here.
It is the prerogative of every citizen to
protect his rights, but when we receive word
of demonstrations against our being here,
and of donations to the north, we begin to
wonder whose country we are really trying
to protect. But there are few people who
don't realize or appreciate what the Ameri-
can serviceman is trying to do over here to
try arid keep our country free.
I always remember what thc late President
Kennedy (God rest his soul) said, "Ask not
what your country can do for you, but what
you can do for your country."
I hope your son will come back home with
his family and loved ones, sefe and sound.
I hope, too, that your family had a very nice
and cheerful holiday. Well, I have taken up
enough of your time, so I will Mose.
God be with you.
Respectfully yours,
GLENN E. FISHEL.
JAN PART 4, 1966.
DELR M. AYRES: Thank you very much for
your Christmas card. It came to me with
over 25 other cards from people whom I do
riot know,
after reading about the demonstrations in
the United States, I was very surprised and
happy to receive all the cards that I did.
My faith in the American people has al-
ways been great? and this has made me feel
even better to hear from so many fellow
Amer:cans.
Thank you again.
Spies JOHN FS AYERS,
T9th Ord Det (ED).
HEADQUARTERS BATTALION, 3D MA-
RINE DIVISION, :1sT PLAT0,7,N MILI-
TARY POLICE COMPANY,
December 23, 1965.
DEAR MR. AYRES: I want to thank you for
taking time out of your busy schedule to
write me. I really appreciate your thought-
fulness. I must say I certainly was surprised
to hear from you, but it was o pleasant sur-
prise for me.
I am proud to personally be able to serve
ray country in this way. There are so many
over acre fighting to keep freedom in our
land and also to help those who want to have
the same privileges that we do. These are
people who give their lives each day to keep
this freedom that we have been guaranteed
by our Constitution.
We of the United States have so much to
be thankful for during this Christmas season.
Once again I want to thank you for your
letter and I want to wish you and your family
a merry Christmas and a happy New Year,
Cpl. WILLIAM F. SNYDER,
A 'member of the Armed Forces in Vietnam.
DEAR SIL: I received your wonderful letter
today and I must say I was really surprised
to hear from you. First of all, I wish to thank
you for your great concern over me, as well
as the many others from Ohio who are here.
I know you are a very busy man and your
time is limited, as well as mine, so I wish to
take this spare moment I have to thank a
very great man and a great leader of our
Nation, as well as Ohio. Thank you.
feel it's a pleasure serving the United
States here in Vietnam so that other there
might live in peace and enjoy their holiday
seasons and worship our Lord as often as
possible wherever they may be. I am proud
serving my country and I will do all I can in
the years to come for world pace.
I just hope and pray that my wife, Nancy
and baby, yet to arrive, will always be safe
and free from danger, as well as everyone else.
I love my country, State, and family and
will do anything for our freedom. Thank you
once again. Clod bless you.
Sincerely,
A2c. LARRY L. CARTER.
6250 Air Police Squaaron
U.S.S."Artwore J. 'seems"
DEAR MR. AYRES: I Would, at this time,
like to thank you for the season's greetings,
which you so thoughtfully extended to my-
self and, I presume, to many other service-
men here in Vietnam.
Although I Miss not being borne for Christ-
Inas, I consider myself lucky to be baying a
turkey dinner on Christmas Day. It is some-
thing I'm sure many of the mariners won't
get. It doesn't seem like Christmas here at
all because of the absence of cold and snow.
The only thing I really miss about Christ-
mas is the people.
Once again thank you, best wishes for a
merry Christmas for you and your family;
and may the people of Ohio continue to sup-
port you in your effort to maintain freedom
in our country and peace throughout the
world.
Respectfully,
RAYMOND MICHAEL ECKARD, SA
DECEMBER 27, 1965.
DEAR Sari: I would like to thank you for
your wishes, and also for taking time to do
so. I know that you are a very busy person
and I thought it was wonderful to hear
from you. I have never received such a nice
letter, especially from someone who really
understands what we go through and the
reason why.
We have a wonderful country and it's worth
giving up 2 years of my life. That's a
small price when so many men have given
their lives. I'm here in Germany now. This
is my first time away from home. I've seen
enough of this country and how the people
live to really make me realize how lucky I
am to be an American. We have a wonder-
ful country.
I hope very much that your son returns
home safely from Vietnam. II I ever need
any help, I will let you know. I would like
to wish you a very happy New Year. Thank
you again for your kind thoughts.
Sincerely,
Pvt. LAWRENCE D. Gomm-Ere,
Headquarters, Battery, 4th Armored,
DEAR MR. AYRES: Thank you very much
for your wonderful letter. I've shared it
with others that they may appreciate it.
also.
1 can't tell you how proud we've all been
at the wonderful cards and letters we've got-
ten.
I'm forwarding your letter, with some of
the others to my wife and family so they may
also share these warm greetings at this fes-
tive season,
What is heartwarming are some ot the
letters of children. If only all adults could
share their wisdom and knowledge.
Thank you again. Wishing the merriest
of Christmas seasons to you and yours and
a very fine New Year.
Very sincerely yours.
Sgt. RICHARD E. BAIR.
Mass--2, MWNG-1, 1st Maw, III MAF.
COMPANY C, lsr SPG (ABN)
DEAR Mn. AYRES: Just a note to express
my deep appreciation for your thoughtful-
ness at this time of the year.
I am a member of the 1st Special Forces
Group (ABN) and very proud to be wearing
the coveted Green Beret. I have received
over 100 cards and letters from loyal Ohio
citizens expressing their encouragement
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and support. I've never once doubted the
integrity our people are capable of demon-
strating when the chips are down.
I have watched your career since your
initial election and I am very proud to state
that I have never missed voting for you. I
met you once back in 1953 when I was a
student of Akron University, and have al-
ways been grateful for the assistance you
rendered to my father by speeding up the
arrival of his new wife from Italy. I've al-
ways wanted to correspond with you, but
have hesitated due to my military status.
I believe it is "healthy" and beneficial to
keep in touch with our elected officials. I
hope some day I will be able to meet you
again?I would consider it an honor.
I am proud of my career soldier status and
enjoy the honor of helping to defend the
American way of life.
Sincerely,
JIM ASENTE,
Major Infantry.
VIETNAM,
December 15, 1965.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN AYRES: I am Sp5c.
Norman F. Goble. I received a very nice let-
ter from you yesterday. I didn't think I
was even known. But I see now at least
my State is behind me, and I am very proud
to be serving my country. My only thoughts
now are returning home to my family in one
piece. And I pray the good Lord for that.
And Congressman, I wish you and your
family a very merry Xmas and a happy New
Year and for the years to come, very pros-
perous years.
Thank you very much for your concern
about me. I just hope my being here will
help end this endless war.
And God bless you Congressman?you and
your relations?for the years to come.
Yours truly,
NORMAN F. GOBLE,
JANUARY 7, 1966.
DEAR Sue: May I take this opportunity to
thank you for the letter that I received from
you over the holidays. I hope that you for-
give me for taking so long to send this
note of thanks.
I cannot explain how glad I was to find
out that you had taken time out of your
busy schedule to send a cheering note to
me over the holidays. It was especially good
to find that the majority of the U.S. citi-
zens are behind the American serviceman,
as I received several other notes and cards.
Thanks again for the wonderful letter.
Alc. KENNETH W. BOLEY,
6910 Scty. Wing.
DEAR SIR: I would like to take this op-
portunity to thank you for your most ap-
preciative letter. I realize that you are a
very busy man, so I won't keep you from
your work any longer.
All I wanted to say is thanks for thinking
of me during the Christmas holidays. As
you said, you were in the service at one
tme and you know how lonely a man can get
during this time of year, so again I thank
you.
I will remember you at the polls and in
my prayers.
Sp4c. DAVID P. BECHER,
Headquarters ,W SASAPAC.
DEAR MR. AYRES: I would like to thank you
for your letter to me sending season's greet-
ings.
Although my thoughts are of my family
at this time, I still think of the people who
have sent their greetings to me and other
servicemen wishing US well in everything we
do. I would like to say that they are not
forgotten in our hearts and knowing they
are behind us enables US to do an even better
job.
Although you are my Congressman, you are
people, and I would like to send my sincere
thanks for your formal letter and greeting.
You are helping me enough by knowing
you are behind me.
Thank you,
Your serviceman.
Cpl. MICHAEL M. ROWE,
1st Battalion, 7th Marines, B Co. No. 13.
P.5.?May I wish you and your family a
very "Merry Christmas and New Year's holi-
day." May you have many, many more. May
God bless and keep you.
SAN FRANCISCO,
December 25, 1965.
Hon. WILLmm LL AYRES,
14th District, Ohio, Congress of the United
States, House of Representatives, Wash-
ington, D.C.
DEAR Sia: I would like to take this op-
portunity to express my profound apprecia-
tion and gratitude to you for your Christmas
message of December 20, 1965. Such an
acknowledgement of one's efforts has a
tremendous reinforcing effect, especially at
Christmas time.
I noted that the envelope was postmarked
in Cuyahoga Palls, Ohio, which is where I
was born and raised, so the letter seems to
carry a special significance to me. With your
permission, I am sending your letter on to
my wife and children in Dayton, Ohio.
May I also extend belated season's greet-
ings to you and yours, with the fervent wish
that some day we may all enjoy the holidays
in peace and prosperity.
Sincerely,
PAUL T. KEMMERLING, Jr.
DECEMBER 22, 1965.
HON. Ma. AYRES: I would like to take this
time to thank you for the fine letter you
sent me. It was welcomed with my deepest
appreciation.
I am proud to be an American soldier
for I know it is part of my duty to help
maintain freedom for my country and all
of my people.
May God bless you for your efforts to see
that the American servicemen are being
treated fairly.
To you, Mr. AYRES, I wish you a happy
Christmas and also wish for your continued
fine work in the coming year.
Sincerely,
Pfc. THOMAS E. CRANGLE,
529th M.P. Company.
DEAR HONORABLE AND MRS. AYRES: This is ?
in regards to your letter I received on the
24th of December.
I would like to thank you and your family
for the real nice letter and special thoughts
and message you sent to me.
I am hoping and praying that your son
arrives home safely from the Vietnam area.
I know how much he was missed at your
table on Christmas.
With persons like yourself and Mrs. Ayres
and the wonderful country we have, it isn't
much of a hardship for myself to be away. It
is well worth it when you personally know
what the outcome could mean if there wasn't
anyone to defend and fight for what we love
and believe in.
I would like to wish you and your family
a wonderful and joyous New Year.
Again, thank you sincerely for your wel-
come letter. May God bring your son home
safely. Best wishes, health, and happiness.
Sincerely,
Sgt. ROBERT P. MCCRACKEN,
Co. B, 76th Engineer Battalion
(Construction).
DECEMBER 26, 1965.
DEAR SIR: I appreciated your sending me a
letter of season's greetings. In a way over
here, it sure isn't like Christmas, but we are
trying to get the Christmas spirit.
Oh, yes, we all went down to see the Bob
Hope show. It was really great. They had a
lot of talent there and it was good to see real
American girls. It built up morale a lot
around here.
Oh, yes, before I forget, I am a little too
late to wish you a merry Christmas, so I am
wishing you a happy New Year. Well, I
guess that's all for now.
See you in April.
Your friend,
Fie. LAWRENCE B. SKIBISK/,
Co. C 2/503 Infantry 173 Airborne.
DEAR Sm: I could never express in words,
the warm feeling I got from your letter.
Thank you for taking time out of your busy
life to send a letter. You are truly a good
man.
I would like to wish you the very best of
the holiday season. We are all proud to serve
when we have people such as you backing us
up. We are proud of our Government and
the United States.
Thanks for being so kind.
Your friend,
Pfc. JACK C. McCLINE,
69th MP. Detachment, USAGOK .
DECEMBER 27, 1965.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN AYRES : I appreciate
your holiday greetings.
I, myself, never had any doubts concerning
the American people backing us here in Viet-
nam. In fact, I feel the' whole issue is blown
up and quite ridiculous.
Sincerely,
Spc.4 ROBERT E. PRELTSSE, Jr.,
Company B, Spt. En., 1st Brigade,
101st Airborne Division.
DECEMBER 27, 1965.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN AYRES: Received your
letter today, and would like to thank you for
writing.
It is very encouraging and gratifying to
hear from the people back home to let us
know they are with us in thought and pray-
ers.
This is my third overseas assignment and I,
for one, am honored to have an active part in
our fight for peace.
I really enjoy overseas duty and hope to go
to Germany when I am reassigned in 1967.
But it is too soon to think about that yet.
Thank you again for your letter.
Yours truly,
S. Sgt. Tom MOYER,
883d Medical Group, CMR Box 339.
U.S.S. "BELMONT" AGTR--4,
December 25, 1965.
Mr. WILLIAM H. AYRES,
Congress of the United States, House of Rep-
resentatives, Washington, D.C.
DEAR Ma. AYRES: Thank you very much for
your holiday greetings. It may sound funny,
but I am very proud to have received such a
letter from you.
Yes, indeed, sir, my feelings are very much
mixed up in many instances. This is my
first Christmas away from home, and as you
know, it is not the Christmas I formerly
knew.
I consider myself a very lucky fellow, Mr.
AYRES. As you told me, your son is serving
in the Vietnam area. And doing such is a re-
sponsibility to which every serviceman of the
United StateS is a part in one way or another.
And I know you are very proud of him for
his contribution as such.
And thank you for your willingness to
help me, sir. But I think with the help of
God and the situations and surroundings
that I will encounter while in the Navy, I
will be able to cope with any problem that
might come up.
Again sir, thank you for your interest in
myself and my situation.
Very sincerely yours,
HAROLD VICTOR HOAGLAND, SN.
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4666 CONGRESSIONAL RECO RD ? HOUSE March 3, /966
lsr DrvisioN, U.S.S. Duncan DDR 874,
Decon.ber 28, 1965.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN AYRES: I received your
letter today and must say, I was really sur-
prised. It's not every day I get a letter from
a Congressman.
received seven other letters from people
I didn't know personally and I must say,
yours and their letters made my Christmas
complete. Yours personally made me feel
really proud of myself for being in the U.S.
Navy.
I get out December 8, 1966, and will defi-
nitely be home for next Christmas. This was
the third Christmas in a row I missed.
flow is your son coming along? Fine, I
hope. flow long has he been in now?
We just came from Vietnam. We are now
at Chow-Chong, and are leaving for the
Philippines on January 1. We will be there
a few days and we will be pulling out again.
can't tell you where. It's against regula-
tions.
So, how was your Christmas and New
Year's? Fine, I hope. I do wish I could
have the pleasure of meeting you personally.
Well, IMJ., or should I say Congressman
Avans? As I said before, I never got a letter
From a Congressman before. Again, I thank
you for your letter. May God be with you
sod your family in whatever you do.
Sincerely yours,
FRANK DANIEL DET,AGO.
P.3.?When I get out. I will vote for you.
-
DEMI CONGRESSMAN AYRES: 'Your Christmas
4reeting was appreciated very much and even
more so to a soldier in war-torn Vietnam.
Mine was posted on the bulletin board and
even drew a favorable comment from the base
commander.
Thank you.
It. S. ITOCKNEY,
Airman., First Class. U.S. Air Force.
DECEMBER 30, 1965.
DEAR MR. AYRES: Tam a serviceman in Viet-
nam. I have been here for 6 months_ I am
20 years old and I live in North Canton, Ohio.
wish to express my deepest appreciation
for the letter which I received from you bear-
ing season's greetings. Thank you and all
my fellow Americans who are in support of
us over here.
I am sure you will continue to do the fine
Job you have done through the years.
Good nick.
Sincerely.
SIAC. LARRY EVANS,
Company C, 1st Battalion (ABN), 327th
lantry. 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne
Deep:Amp:a 23, 1965.
Hon. WIT.T.TAM H. AYRES.
Fourteenth District of Ohio,
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN AYRES: I am in receipt
of your letter dated December 20, 1965, and
am most proud and honored to receive a let-
ter from one who understands the position
or our American servicemen.
We of the U.S. Armed Forces in Europe, are
privileged to serve in peaceful surroundings
but still special thoughts and prayers go to
individuals, RS your son, who are doing more
than their part for the defense of the free
world.
T wish you and your family a merry Christ-
mas, a happy holiday season, and the best of
everything throughout the coming year.
Again, thank you so much for the most
appreciated letter.
Sincerely yours,
Sp4c. JIMMY Ti. Mooar,
;,est Transportation Company.
U.S.S. Austin LPD-4.
DEAR SIR: 1 would like to thank you for the
wonderful letter that you sent. It makes me
very proud to be in the service of our great
country and have people who really know
what we go through here and throughout the
World backing us up. It really makes me feel
good and proud to serve. I feel this way de-
spite those people my age mid older who
make monkeys out of themselves in front of
the world about something they know noth-
ing about except from the papers.
I hope you and your fine family had a very
merry Christmas and a happy New Year.
Thank you again for the letter.
Sincerely,
PAUL L. PAIMATIER, FN.
DF,csmaett 24, 1965.
DEAR ME. AYRES: Many th: nks for your
letter. I can honestly say that it was the
most nurprising of all the letters I have re-
ceived Most people feel that We only time
they would. ever get a letter from their Con-
gressman is if they write first. But I think I
have the distinction of receiving one from
my Representative first.
only hope that you will exeuse any mis-
takes which you may find, but 1 had a rather
hectic day as my first day working alone as
desk sergeant. Also, it is Christmas Eve and
I am sitting here thinking of Akron and
everyone back home.
hope you had a very Merry Christmas
and wish to again thank you fel the time you
took to write.
God bless you and keep you.
F.p4c. PAUL D. MoGLoTFILIN,
Company C 504 MP Battalion (A).
DECENT RER 24, 1965.
DEAR MR. AYRES: It was very thoughtful
for one so busy as yourself to take time to
write to me. I voted for you, sir, the first
time T ever voted, and your kin cl gesture has
assured you of that vote again if you need
it in another election. I am pleased with my
choice. I am the only man on my ship who
received a personal letter from his Congress-
man.
am very interested in the fluid of govern-
ment IS my vocation. I plan to return to
college after my hitch in the Navy, and
major fl political science, with a position in
the government as my goal. I have been
watching with considerable interest the
States (such as Oregon) that are planning
educational subsidies for Vietnam veterans.
I will be greatly interested in such a pro-
gram in Ohio, or even on a national level.
am sure you, as a member of the Vet-
erans' Affairs Committee, are just as inter-
ested as I in these programs.
T first saw you when you spoke at our
DeMolay chapter and I must say that I really
respect your meet-the-people personal ap-
proach to politics. It is refreshing in this
age of hard-sell politics.
Keep up your good work.
Your loyal supporter,
Deacain F. LALE
U.S.S. "Preston" (DD 795) 01 Division.
VIETNA/VI,
December 17,1965.
IDEAS SIR: I have received your letter today
and I surely appreciated the time you took
from your work to write me.
was very glad to hear from you and I
thank you in more ways than one.
May you have a merry Christmas and a
happy New Year.
I am proud that I'm here in the defense of
my country, with the knowledge that by so
doing, we will always remain free
May God bless and keep yr) e and your
family through the coming year.
Yours truly,
Pfc. RICHARD L. WALTERS,
59th QM (FMI Company.
DECEMBI rt 16, 1965.
DEAR MIt. AYRES: I just want te drop you a
short note i:n appreciation of your letter. I
was certainly surprised to receive it and am
grateful for your interest in us here.
I am stationed at Camp Holloway, Pleiku.
Vietnam, and have been here for 6 months al-
ready. Since I put in for a 6-month exten-
sion of my tour, I have another year to go.
There is one advantage to the great amount
of work here; that being, in addition to
learning more about electronics, time goes
by much faster. My job is aviation elec-
tronics equipment repair, which I consider a
very interesting job. I plan on going into the
electronics field when I get out of the service.
As yet I'm not certain what field in elec-
tronics I would like the best. Maybe you
could give me a suggestion.
Once again, I want to thank you for your
letter and I also wish you and your family
a merry Christmas and a happy New Year.
Respectfully yours,
Anvost Krim.
2034d Signal Detach iii iii i.
KTJNSAN AIRDASE, KOREA.
December 18, 1965.
DEAR MR. AYRES: It is with pleasure and
pride that I pay my compliments to you and
those in back of you. My mail has shown
the same foresight as you, yourself, have
expressed. To know that people just like
myself (even though civilians who really will
never understand war, etc.) keep the home
Tires burning is a heartening thing.
Having a son in the service keeps you in-
formed of the events. I've no official com-
plaint to date?just a little homesick like
the rest, though I have a good outlook?only
about 83 days before rotation of new assign-
ment.
Yours truly,
TEO II. Mounts.
DECEMBER 28, 1965.
DEAR Ma. AYRES: I just Want to drop you
a line to show my deep appreciation for the
Christmas greetings you sent me.
I hope your boy is safe and happy if he
didn't get home. I'd also like to thank the
Beacon Journal for the time and trouble
they went to, to make all these greetings
possible for the servicemen away from home.
I don't think enough tha:nks can be given
to them.
Once again, thank you, and have a happy
new year.
Yours truly,
EDWARD H. HuNrare,
U.S. Navy, 1?-4 Division.
U.S.S. "Amphion" All 13.
DECEMBER 16, 1965.
Hon. WILLIAM H. AYRES,
Congress of the United States,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
Sm: Thank you very much for your recent
letter and for your kind wishes at this time
of the year, and I, in turn, would like to
extend the season's best wishes to you and
your family. I sincerely hope that your son
will also have as nice a holiday as is possible
under these circumstances.
My mother has often told me how very
much you have assisted her as she tried to
help disabled Air Force veterans and I would
also like to thank you for this help. Don't
be surprised if she enlists your help in the
future since she is quite a determined woman
but also quite a wonderful one.
May you and your family have a very
happy Christmas and thank you again for
your remembrance.
Sincerely,
W. D. MACMONAGLE,
Major, U.S. Air Force, Detachment 4,
619th Tactical Control Squadron.
DEAR Ma. AYR,ES: I know you are a very
busy man, so Ill make this as short as pos-
sible. I wish to thank you for taking the
time to wish me a merry Christmas. I am
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March 3, 1966
very proud to be a member of the Armed
Forces, serving here in Vietnam. I never
realized how fortunate we Americans really
are and I ern sure all the other men feel the
same way.
You asked if there is anything you could
do that I should let you know. I would
appreciate it greatly if you could send me
material on the GI bill.
I know you are a busy man so I'll close
my letter.
Thank you again.
Sp4c. GEORGE JUNDZILO.
AT SEA CS DIV.,
U.S.S. "IIAncocx" CVA 19,
December 23, 1965.
MY DEAR Ma. AYRES: Having been familiar
with you through the early part of your
political career in the Akron area, I can say
that I am very deeply honored to receive your
greetings.
It is true you can not know my feelings at
the present. But what you have overlooked
is the fact that your lot is a heavier load to
bear than mine, as I am here and can see
wliat is to happen. But you are home and
must wait for news of the unknown. For
this reason I extend my sincerest regrets.
I would like to take this opportunity to
thank you and all who are concerned for the
benefits which have been extended to the
men in combat. The benefits of which I
speak are: income tax exemption, which I
might add, for a touch of humor, we call
legal tax evasion, and the free mailing serv-
ice. Neither of these are of no great capital
gain, it's true, but they tell us that there
are people on top of the ladder, looking out
for us, and this does a lot for morale.
As I close, once again thank you for the
kind and timely greetings. May your holiday
be happy and may the New Year treat you
well.
Very respectfully,
J. W. BARE,
Signalman, 2.
P.3.?Forgive my poor handwriting, as at
this moment we are launching aircraft and
this causes much motion of the ship.
I have also received letters of a simi-
lar nature from the following oversea
servicemen. Only space prevents me
from including them in this speech.
They echo the words that you have heard
from their brothers in service:
Sp4c. Gilbert J. Horonetz, A Battery 2d
MSL Battalion 61st Artillery.
James T. Walls, FTM3, Fox Division, U.S.S.
America CVA-66.
Jasper L. Shreve, Jr., of 325 Wunderlick
Avenue, Barberton, Ohio, now in Korea.
Alc. R. A. Johnson, 2167 Communications
Squadron, Box 835.
Pfc. Larry L. Light, 557th Medical Com-
pany.
Cpl. Rick C. Hummel, Marine Barracks,
15th V.D., Rodman, Canal Zone, Panama.
Frank J. Banut, III, ETRSN, 696-94-05
OE Division, U.S.S. Independence CVA-62.
A/lc C. D. Craddock, 6250th Supply Squad-
ron.
S. Sgt. D. L. Bradley, 4252d Strategic Wing
(SAB), Kadena Air Base, Okinawa.
A2c. David L. Gipson.
Cpl. John G. Stuart, Headquarters, 464th
Mar (Armory), 4th Marines, 3d Marine Divi-
sion, FMF.
Philip C. Schnu, NMFA, U.S. Navy, U.S.S.
America CVA-66.
Pfc. Daniel C. Starcher, 993d Quartermas-
ter Detachment,
Pfc. Francis S. Bork, SIG SPT TM No. 2,
care of HHB, 1st MSL BN, 67th ADA.
Lt. Gary F. DeBuritz, Company C, 519th
MI Battalion.
A2c. Bob Takacs, U.S. Air Force, 439 Sup-
ply Squadron.
Sp4c. Earl T. Hanson, Headquarter Troop
2d Reconnaissance Squadron 3d ACR.
Dennis Rysole, 3d Division, U.S.S. Great
Sit kin AE 17.
Michael L. Schmitt (SN), 2d Division,
U.S.S. Tel/air (APA 210).
Ale. Michael A. Martin, Detachment 2200,
7232 MMC, U.S. Air Force.
Mr. Speaker, these are the words of
the men who are prepared to die for our
principles. They have given us an ex-
ample by which we might well conduct
ourselves during this time of war.
Before closing, I wish to commend
Publisher Ben Maidenburg of the Akron
Beacon Journal for creating the vehicle
by which the citizens of the 14th Ohio
District might communicate their sup-
port of their soldier citizens who are
serving abroad. The Akron Beacon
Journal is also printing a very fine news-
letter that they are sending bi-monthly
to all of these men. They have done this
so that these men might have the news of
their home community.
Mr. Speaker, the words that I have
spoken here are insignificant compared
to the words that you have heard from
the patriots serving overseas. Let us
make certain that they have not spoken
in vain.
SCHOOL MILK AND LUNCH PRO-
GRAMS IN MINNESOTA
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
a previous order of the House, the gen-
tleman from Minnesota [Mr. Qum] is
recognized for 10 minutes.
Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, I have pro-
tested long and loud in recent weeks the
President's request that we reduce the
school lunch and special milk programs
to much smaller proportions than they
now enjoy. Hundreds of thousands of
children would be adversely affected by
this cut, as my colleagues in Congress
have been quick to point out. Letters
have literally poured into congressional
offices, pleading for the continued sup-
port of two programs that have won
popular approval at every level. We
have letters from concerned parents who
have never written their Congressman
before. We have letters and telegrams
from school district supervisors, princi-
pals, business managers, teachers, and
concerned citizens. Almost without ex-
ception, they want to know why this pro-
gram is being cut to help pay for a war
on poverty that fills local newspapers
with stories of scandal, mismanagement,
and waste. They want to know why a
program whose benefits are obvious,
whose benefits are apparent and attain-
able by every citizen, should be cut to
make way for a whole series of experi-
mental programs over which they have
almost no control.
In Minnesota, the school lunch and
milk programs are so successful that they
have had rapid growth rates in recent
years. In 1965 alone, participation in
the school lunch program increased by
6.1 percent, and school milk participation
Increased by 11.95 percent. Very few
Federal programs?very few indeed?can
boast this kind of popular acceptance.
Figures supplied to me by the Minne-
sota Farmers Union and the Department
of Agriculture show the following:
About 455,000 school lunches are served
daily in all Minnesota schools and about
800,000 half pints of milk consumed.
In 1965, schoolchildren consumed 77.3
million half pints of milk under the spe-
cial milk program and 61.1 million half
pints served with the noon school
lunches.
The school milk program provides for
Federal reimbursement of up to 4 cents
per half pint of milk served.
Out of Minnesota's 2,850 schools, 2,644
elementary and secondary schools par-
ticipate in the special milk program, and
1,673 participate in the school lunch pro-
gram.
Of the 2,211 public schools participat-
ing in the school milk program, 1,013
schools supply the milk free of charge;
626 schools charge 1 cent per half pint to
the student; 465 schools charge 2 cents
per half pint to the student; and 107
schools charge 3 cents or more per half
pint.
The 197 other outlets?camps, settle-
ment houses and so on?dispense milk
under the special milk program.
Application of a needs test or "means"
test would mean that almost all students
would have to pay the full cost of the
mik, varying from 3 to 5 cents per half
pint, which would be 3 or 4 cents more
than they now pay.
Presently, only a very small number of
students obtain the school lunches free
because of low family income. About 4
percent of the schoolchildren participat-
ing in the lunch program are given the
meals free, but most of these receive the
meals in return for assisting with the
kitchen or lunch-line work.
As can be seen from the figures, Mr.
Speaker, nearly half of the children in
participating schools are presently re-
ceiving school milk absolutely free. If
they are suddenly required to bring from
3 to 5 cents for every half pint of milk
they drink, even if only exclusive of lunch
milk, their parents are in many cases go-
ing to tell them to wait until lunch to
have milk, and are not going to give
them the 15 or 25 cents per week they
need to get their extra half pint per day.
This to me represents a great loss. Who
knows what percentage of the 64.1 mil-
lion half pints will not be consumed in
1967? Who knows what this will mean
to the nutrition of the children involved?
Who knows what effect this will have on
the dairy farmers? All these unknown
quantities must be carefully weighed
against the risk we take if we curtail
these valuable programs as the Presi-
dent has suggested.
Mr. Speaker, one-half of a pint of
milk contains one-fourth of every child's
minimum daily requirement of vitamin
D and one-eighth the minimum daily re-
quirement of vitamin A. No one is will-
ing to dispute, I am sure, that these vi-
tamins are essential to growth and gen-
eral health. Children who have come
to depend in part for their daily require-
ments in these vitamins through the
school milk program will inadvertently
be cut off from this source; it is more
than likely that in many cases these vi-
tamins will not be replaced at other
points in the child's diet.
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4868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March ;];, 1066
Department of Agriculture officials
admit that there will be a decrease in
milk consumption if the proposed cuts
are allowed to take place, and their con-
servative estimate is a 20-percent reduc-
tion. To me, that reduction is more
than sufficient justification for the con-
tinuation of these programs. When the
school milk and lunch programs were
initially devised, it was the opinion of
Congress that it was immoral for the
Government to hoard surplus commodi-
ties at great expense when those com-
modities could be doing untold good for
the schoolchildren of the Nation. That
precept still holds true. If dairy product
consumption goes down as a result of a
budgetary cut to these programs, the CCC
wiil have to become more involved in
dairy supports, and the taxpayer will lie
paying to store dairy surpluses at the
same time he is paying extra for his
child's milk in school. This makes little
sense morally or economically.
I AM A TIRED AMERICAN
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
Dux H. CroinsEN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
Ecoao and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I believe
most of us will agree that this past win-
ter has been a winter of discontent for
many Americans. Perhaps it is best
epitomized by an editorial entitled "I Am
a Tired American." It was written by
Alan McIntosh, publisher of the Rock
County Herald, Luverne, Minn., and has
been reprinted in numerous newspapers
throughout the Nation. Perhaps it may
some day come to be regarded on a par
with William Allen White's famous
"What's the Matter With Kansas?"
which appeared 70 years ago.
So that my colleagues may share Mc-
Intosh's editorial, I include it with my
remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
E AMA TIRED AMERICAN
ply Alan McIntosh)
1 am a tired American.
I'm tired of being called the ugly Ameri-
Cal L.
YEll tired of having the world panhandlers
use my country as a whipping boy 365 days
a year.
1 am a tired American?weary of having
American Embassies and information centers
stoned, burned, and sacked by mobs operat-
ing under orders from dictators who preach
peace and breed conflict.
I am a tired American?choked up to here
on this business of trying to intimidate our
Government by placard, picket line, and sit-
ins by the hordes of dirty unwashed who
rush to man the barricades against the forces
of law, order, and decency.
I am a tired American?weary of the
beatniks who say they should have the right
to determine what laws of the land they are
willing to obey.
am a tired American?fed up with the
mobs of scabby-faced, long-haired youths
and short-haired girls who claim they repre-
sent the new wave of America and who
sneer at the old-fashioned virtues of hon-
esty, integrity, and morality on which Amer-
ica grew to greatness.
am a tired American?weary unto death
of .caving any tax dollars go to dictators who
play both sides against the middle with
threats of what will happen if we cut off the
golden stream of dollars.
I am a tired American?nauseated by the
lazy do-nothings who wouldn't take a job if
you drove them to and from work in a Rolls
Royce.
I sin a tired American?who is getting
madder by the minute at the fillh peddlers
who have launched Americans in an ob-
scenity race, who try to foist on us the belief
that filth is an integral part of culture.
I am a tired American?weary of the
bearded bums who tramp the picket lines
and the sit-ins?who prefer Chinese com-
munism to capitalism?who see no evil in
Castro, but sneer at President Johnson as a
threat to peace.
am a tired American?who has lost all
patience with the civil rights gioup which
is showing propaganda movies on college
campuses from coast to coast? movies de-
nouncing the United States, movies made in
Communist China.
I am a tired American?who is angered by
the self.-righteous breastbeater critics of
America, at home and abroad, who set im-
possible yardsticks for the United States,
but who never apply the same ssandards to
the French, the British, the Russians, the
Chinese.
I sin a tired American--who resents the
pimply-faced beatniks who try t,.) represent
Americans as the "bad guys on the black
horses."
I am a tired American?who is weary of
some Negro leaders who, for shock purposes,
scream four-letter words in church meetings.
I am a tired American?sickened by the
slack-jawed bigots who wrap themselves in
bedsheets in the dead of night and roam
the countryside looking for innoct nit victims.
I am a tired American?who dislikes clergy-
men who have made a career out of Integra-
-Von causes, yet send their own ,.:hildren to
private schools.
I am a tired American?who resents those
who try to peddle the belief in schools and
colleges that capitalism is a dirt:, word and
that free enterprise and private in, itiative are
only synonyms for greed. They say they
bate capitalism, but they are EC-ways right
at the head of the line demanding their share
of the American way of life.
I am a, tired American?who gets more
than a little bit weary of the clique in our
State Department which chooses to regard
a policy of' timidity as prudent- -the same
group which subscribes t.o a "no-win" policy
in Vietnam.
I am a tired American?real tired of those
who are trying to sell me the belief that
America :5 not the greatest nation in all the
world?a generous-hearted natior. --a nation
dedicated to the policy of trying lo help the
"have nets" achieve some of the rood things
that our system of free enterpri-:e brought
about.
am an American?who gets a lump in
his throat when he hears the 'Stir Spangled
Banner" and who holds back tears when he
hears those chilling high notes of the brassy
trumpet when Old Glory reaches the top of
the flag pole.
I ELM a tired American--who witats to start
snapping at those phony "high priests" who
want us to bow down and worship their
false idols and who seek to destroy the belief
that America is the land of the flee and the
home of the brave.
I am i tired American?who thanks a
merciful Lord that he was lucky to be born
an Amer-can citizen?a nation under God,
with truly mercy arid justice for :11.
?-y
(Mrs. MINK (at the request of Mr.
MeGitalea) was granted permision to ex-
tend her remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mrs. MINK'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mrs. MINK (at the request of Mr.
McGitarn) was granted permission to ex-
tend her remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mrs. MINK'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of Mr.
MeGaArii) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of Mr.
MeGitarn) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN THE
COLD WAR
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
McGaarii) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. PASCELL. Mr. Speaker, nearly
3 years ago?on May 8, 1963, to be ex-
act?a very significant exchange was
taking place in room II-227 of the U.S.
Capitol.
Four distinguished representatives of
the American business community were
meeting that afternoon with the Sub-
committee on International Organiza-
tions and Movements of the Committee
on Foreign Affairs. The topic under
discussion was the U.S. ideological of-
fensive in the cold war.
More specifically, the subcommittee
was trying to ascertain what American
business was doing, and what more it
could do abroad, to advance the cause
of freedom and world peace: the twin
goals of U.S. foreign policy.
The transcript of that meeting appears
in part II of the hearings on "Winning
the Cold War: The U.S. Ideological Of-
fensive," issued by the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. It constitutes a signifi-
cant part of a study which is being con-
ducted by the Subcommittee on Inter-
national Organizations since 1962: a
study of the fourth--the ideological and
psychological?dimension of our foreign
policy.
As chairman of the subcommittee. I
have been responsible for the initiation
of this study and for its conduct. And
I have taken particular pride in one of
its achievements: the focusing of public
attention?and the attention of policy-
making officials in the executive branch
of our Government?on the important
role which private American initiative
continues to play in the global struggle
which has engaged the energies and the
resources of our Nation for the past two
decades.
The role of our private sector was men-
tioned prominently in report No. 2 on
"Ideological Operations and Foreign Pol-
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4650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March 3, 1966
When business people learn and live this
truth, business will have come to maturity.
This sounds idealistic. Statements of be-
lief and faith always are. But it is action
that is significant and action is difficult.
Values must be made real by individuals
acting an them, and even then, results are
all too apt to be ambiguous. Throughout
the corporation, management must find
ways to articulate and support these values,
as well as the company's objectives.
MORE THAN TECHNOLOGY
Theiefore it takes more than technical
competence for the successful, responsible
conduct of business today. The developing
concepts of administration as I have out-
lined them require an understanding of art,
the social sciences, history, religion and lit-
erature. In the words of Montaigne:
We need men and women who know what
courage is, and temperance, and justice;
what the difference is between ambition and
cupidity, slavery and submission, license and
liberty; by what signs genuine and solid
contentment may be known; to what extent
we should fear death, pain, and shame; what
springs move us, and the occasion of so
many stirrings within us."
In short, the nub is education. We must
deeply ponder Judge Stein's opinion in the
Supreme Court of New Jersey:
"Nothing that helps or promotes the
growth and service of the American universi-
ties can possibly be anything short of direct
benefit to every corporation in the land."
We of Xerox, for example, believe that the k
vitality of democracy depends on free and
open discussion of the troubling issues, and
that this is the only means to continuing
education in the movement of events around
us.
This is why we support higher education
aa fully as we can.
It is why we try to increase public under-
standing of controversial issues, through
such television programs as those about the
United Nations, or presentations of sig-
nificance in man' search for freedom and
purpose, such as the TV shows about "The
Louvre," or "Let My People Go," which told
of the Jews' establishment of a, homeland
in Israel.
But the first purpose of the businessman
is the profitable conduct of his enterprise.
This is the sole source of his power for good.
There can be no controversy on this point.
Yet our experience demonstrates that in-
novative policies involving social respon-
sibility bring very interesting reactions to
the business as a business. Our sponsorship,
without advertising, of the U.N. television
series, brought an avalariche of favorable as
well as unfavorable comment, and has been
hailed as a revolutionary action, We knew
it would provoke much comment. That is
why we decided to do it.
An Elmo Roper survey has shown that
thus far we gained much, much more good-
will than we lost.
Another example relates to the proposal by
one of our shareholders that our corporate
contributions for charity and education be
restricted to those which could be proved
to be directly beneficial to the company.
The proposition, put to a vote at our annual
meeting, was overwhelmingly defeated.
The effect upon business of this kind of
action is extremely difficult to measure. The
only thing we know with certainty is that
Xerox has become identified, in the minds
of people who know something about it, with
progress, with education, and with the spirit
of responsibility and that's enough for us.
THE MORAL CHOICE
Pioneering on a frontier inevitably causes
deep reactions pro and con. It could not
be otherwise. It is the result of the prob-
lem of moral choice which faces corporate
heads who, like all other citizens, have the
duty of every individual to work for good
government and a health of society. It is
a tightrope over a deep chasm that the
manager walks with only his insight for a
balance pole. The risks are great and mis-
steps are inevitable, although we dare to hope
inconsequential and temporary, if he is wise.
The businessman must now above all
other times act bravely with convictions and
courage to inspire him. And to insure the
best of his service, society must allow, indeed,
ask him to do so. As John Stuart Mill
said:
"A state which dwarfs its men, in order
that they may be more docile instruments
in its hands even for beneficial purposes, will
find that with small men no great thing
can really be accomplished."
By the same standard, dignity, even great-
ness can come to those men, and only to
those men, who accept fully the challenge
of responsibility inherent in their work,
whatever the risks. In the words of Theo-
dore Roosevelt:
"Credit belongs to the man who is actually
in the arena * * * who strives valiantly, who
errs and comes up short again and again;
who knows the great enthusiasms and the
great devotions, and spends himself in a
worthy cause; who at the best knows in the
end the triumphs of high achievement; and
who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails
while daring greatly; so that his place shall
never be with those cold and timid souls who
know neither defeat nor victory."
LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR THE
WEEK OF MARCH 7, 1966
(Mr. DEL CLAWSON asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute.)
Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, I
take this time in order to ask the ma-
jority leader if he will announce the
program for next week and the balance
of this week.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman. yield?
Mr. DEL CLAWSON. I yield to the
distinguished majority leader.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, in re-
sponse to the distinguished 'gentleman
from California, we have completed the
legislative program for this week.
We have no program for next wcek to
announce at this time beyond Monday.
The program for Monday is the Con-
sent Calendar, and three bills an sus-
pensions:
H.R. 10721, the Federal Employees'
Compensation Act Amendments of 1966.
H.R. 12762, authorization for funds
for the U.S. Coast Guard.
H.R. 11509, amending reemployment
provisions of the Universal Military
Training and Service Act.
This announcement, of course, is made
subject to the usual reservation that any
further program may be announced later
and that conference reports may be
brought up at any time.
ADJOURNMENT OVER
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that when the House
adjourns today it adjourn to meet on
Monday next.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
EDMONDSON). IS there objection to the
request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR
WEDNESDAY BUSINESS ON
WEDNESDAY NEXT
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that business in
order under the Calendar Wednesday
rule may be dispensed with on Wednes-
day next.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentle-
man from Oklahoma?
There was no objection* /in)
VICE PRESIDENT HUMPHREY'S
MESSAGE TO THE AMERICAN
LEGION
(Mr. MADDEN (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD, and to include an address by
Vice President HUMPHREY.)
Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, at the
annual dinner given by the American
Legion for Members of Congress last
evening, Vice President HUMPHREY gave
a review of his recent trip to southeast
Asia. It was one of the Vice President's
great messages for which he is famous.
It was received with almost unanimous
approval by the gathering of over 3,000
legionnaires and their guests.
The following are the highlights of his
observations and facts concerning Viet-
nam problems:
ADDRESS BY VICE PRESIDENT HUBERT HUMPHREY
AT THE ANNUAL AMERICAN LEGION LEGISLA-
TIVE DINNER, WASHINGTON, D.C., MAackx 2,
1966
It is good to be back again with my friends
of the Congress and the American Legion.
I am particularly pleased to be in the com-
pany tonight of my good friend Representa-
tive OLIN TEAGUE. I can think of no one in
the Congress, who more deserves the award
you have bestowed on him.
There is no doubt what is on all our minds
tonight. It is the war in Vietnam.
As you know, I returned a few days ago
from 2 weeks in southeast Asia and the Pa-
cific. Tonight I would like to give you some
of the impressions I bring home from my
mission.
First of all, may I say that the conflict
we face in Vietnam is not an isolated conflict.
It does not exist in a vacuum.
South Vietnam is the testing ground for
two struggles taking place in Asia: The
struggle of nations to maintain their inde-
pendence while threatened by Communist
subversion and aggression, and the struggle
to bring about a social and economic revolu-
tion for the people of that part of the world.
In Vietnam, the tide in both those strug-
gles has begun to turn in our favor. But
make no mistake about it, we must be pre-
pared to face a long and costly effort.
The military situation has improved over
even a few months ago. South Vietnamese,
American, and allied forces are holding their
own with the Vietcong. They are today tak-
ing offensive initiatives in Vietcong sanc-
tuaries which were previously immune to at-
tack. Sections of road and railroad, previ-
ously unusable, are being used again. The
Vietcong defection rate has increased in the
past few months. Defectors report low
morale, food shortages, and, above all, fear of
bombing among Vietcong forces.
Allied firepower and mobility are increas-
ing.
Tactical air support is excellent.
Our communication and supply situations
have improved.
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 4619
occupation and, cynics to the contrary, self-
fulfillment involves much more than the
size of the paycheck. To the extent he truly
can find himself in his work, man will be
happy in it. To the extent that he finds
outlets for expressing many facets of his
makeup, he will feel enriched.
in a recent publication, "Managers for
Tomorrow," Rohrer, Mbler & Replogle, psy-
chological consultants, put it this way:
"Growth, finally, is the evolvement of
personal goals and the sense of venture in
pursuing them. This Is the meaning of the
dedicated man. His personal goals, his
company goals, and his job goals have coinci-
dence to a great extent; and his personal
power is directed single mindedly toward be-
tog himself on his job."
The corporate leader who does not try to
conduct his company so as to instill pride
in his people is di armed, these days.
The considerations I have discussed?
power, farseeing pragmatism, varied motives
and self-expression?are a few among many
that have affected the nature of large corpo-
rations as they are run today in America.
CoMniNED FROM NEED
People organize Institutions to deal with
the recurring problems of a civilized life.
The institution of business grew out of the
basic needs of all people, from primitive so-
cieties to the present day, to make and dis-
tribute tools, weapons, clothing, or automo-
biles and television sets.
.111 much the same fashion, institutions
arise in response to social needs.
in short, the only stability in society,
either in business or outside it, is the cer-
tainty of change and the need for existing
institutions to be prepared for change or be-
come reconciled to extinction at worst and
Cr iesilization at best.
'rim situation is dynamic. Businessmen
have not changed; people have not changed;
but our environment and its possibilities and
demands have. In this ebb and flow our per-
spective must be enlarged. Required pro-
grams must be developed and administered,
never maid by whom. We should not oppose
either Government intervention or big busi-
ness expansion for the sake of opposing (Inc
or the other, but we should oppose each if it
threatens the quality of life.
UNEAMMTAR INVOLVEMENT
.business has not failed in discharge of the
duties conventionally assigned to it?the
production and distribution of goods. The
problem comes when business, in organizing
for these necessary and socially significant
objectives, finds itself in a realm where there
are consequences outside the range of the
businessman's training and experience,
where criteria are fuzzy indeed.
Aeceptance of a corporate commitment to
socially responsible action raises fearsome
specters in the eyes of both businessmen and
the public.
There is the problem of adequate control
Cr, insure that power will not overrun the
hitt:rests of the individual, a difficulty inher-
ent in any large organization. As size and
isimplexity increase, it becomes more and
more difficult to administer policies equi-
bly, even those adopted precisely and
exclusively for the benefit of the individual.
'there is the problem of paternalism,
which, implies return to a feudal structure of
noblesse oblige basically insulting to indi-
vidual dignity and destructive of individual
initiative. Fringe benefits, for example, are
sometimes criticized as snaking a kind of
industrial feudalism which binds workers to
ik, particular corporation by threatening
losees of seniority, or retirement benefits, to
tliore who change jobs.
iturther, any act of responsibility is an
tetrcise of power, and people fear the exercise
or power greater than their own, especially
when coupled with confusion about goals or
GI.,LILIS or both.
There is fear that the large corporation it-
self is a kind of welfare state which may
reach into every aspect of life, and could
become a leviathan and a threat to freedom.
This would be anathema to a society dedi-
cated to pluralism as ours is, and business-
men would deplore it as much as any were
it to happen.
Here is the classic moral problem confront-
ing each of us. No man has the right to
order the lives of others, even for good, but
Inevitably, the decisions of the businessman
do just this-- and yet, act he must.
S.KARCH FOR CRITERIA
The revolution in thinking about business'
responsibility leads to a search for workable
criteria upon which the businessman can
base his actions. There appear to be two
kinds of criteria: the external standards em-
bodied in formal law, and the internal
standards of an ethic based on philosophy
and religion.
Although the first of these may take the
form of positive, or enabling legislation, most
laws governing business have been negative
and restrictive. Legislation, both Federal
and State, has permeated business activity to
an extent tho.t would amaze many people
outside it. A vast multitude of statutory
restrictions scts limits to the conduct of
enterprise.
The truth if; that most of the laws which
so hedge in the operation of today's business
were enacted because of early abuses of free-
dom by some businessmen and the conse-
quent need to protect various segments of
the community. The net result has been to
force business into a mold of responsibility--
and to keep it 'there--without providing
really workable criteria for the businessman
who seeks to reconcile his duties to society
and his duties Co his share owners.
for example, a highly motivated man would
undoubtedly pay Isis employees a wage con-
sistent with the level of the economy. Not
to do so, in the absence of legislation, would
be "morally" wrong. Today's laws convert
the moral issue to a legal one and say that
not to pay at least a specified wage is legally
wrong. The businesman, however, continues
to have a moral problem. He must deter-
rnine whether the legal :minimum wage is a
moral minimum wage.
Beyond these laws, the structure of the
corporation itself presents a paradox which
restricts the kinds of moral actions a cor-
portation can undertake. The corporation,
legally, is orginized to act as a person in
the conduct of its affairs. Yet unlike a per-
son, it is composed of individuals whose
rights must be respected. This second con-
sideration restrains the corporation in many
ways. Legally, a corporation may, for exam-
ple, donate a part of its profits to chari-
table organizations like United Funds. The
corporatism may also distribu be literature to
its employees advertising a blood drive. But
it is not defensible on any ground for a
corporation to order its employees to donate
blood, or to exert pressure on them to con-
tribute to a charity.
This points up the distinction which must
be made between the kind of service it is
right for an individual to offer, and the
sort of service proper for an artificial person
Lls.e a corpora tion. Progress made by com-
munity organizations depends to a large ex-
tent on the vislumary contribution of time
and energy by members of corporations act-
ing as private individuals. Participation in
church acitivit.es, fund drives, elections, and
service on school boards are matters which
must be engaged in by individuals as indi-
viduals. Corporations can only foster an at-
mosphere in which participation of this sort
is nurtured. Corporate responsibility must
manifest itself in other ways.
LEGAL PROGRESS
Until recent years, there has been a dearth
of legal expmsion on positive actions open
to corporations. Now the law has so de-
veloped that it permits the exercise of re-
sponsibility to the community through the
commitment of corporate resources to chari-
table purposes. More than 40 States have
passed statutes authorizing corporations to
make donations to philanthropic and edu-
cational institutions. In 1953, a unanimous
decision of the Supreme Court of the State
of New Jersey established the doctrine:
"When the wealth of the Nation was pri-
marily in the hands of individuals, they
discharged their responsibilities as citizens
by donating freely for charitable purposes.
With the transfer of most of the wealth to
corporate hands and the imposition of heavy
burdens of individual taxation, they have
been unable to keep pace with increased
philanthropic needs. They have, therefore,
with justification, turned to corporations to
assume the modern obligations of good citi-
zenship in the same manner as humans do.
Congress and State legislatures have enacted
laws which encourage corporate contribu-
tions, and much has recently been written to
indicate the crying need and adequate legal
basis therefore."
A policy of making contributions to
worthwhile efforts is the best way, it seems
to me, for the corporation to contribute to
the welfare of the community without in-
fringing the rights of the individuals who
compose it.
A CODE FOR BUSINESS
All of this leads to the notion that busi-
ness ought to be a profession?in the sense
of one which comprises a concept of service
and a code for its practice.
Management has largely shifted from the
owners of the means of production to a
class of salaried managers ultimately re-
sponsible to an enormous, diffuse body of
shareholders who do not run the busiguss.
The new justification for control of re-
sources is knowledge and ability to use them,
rather than possession. These facts facili-
tate understanding of the managerial func-
tion as a service, directly to the shareholders
and indirectly to the general public. Al-
though managers may own stock, most of
them do not control the company through
this holding; their services are purchased
in the same way people purchase the serv-
ices of doctors, lawyers, or teachers.
Donald K. David, dean of the Harvard
Graduate School of Business Administra-
tion, put it this way:
"The goal of professional adminietra-
tion * * is the achievement through our
economic system of a full life beginnig with
but not ending with material plenty * *.
The direction in which we are moving com-
pels me to say that administration will some
day be recognized as the process of conduct-
ing affairs in the interest of a life worth liv-
ing according to the values of our society
and the capacity of each individual."
The concept of the businessman as a pro-
fessional brings me back to my original his-
toric view of business activity. It never has
been and is not now outside the dictates of
moral considerations. Business today is
neither immoral nor amoral by nature; the
consequences of its actions in pursuit of its
objectives are subject to judgments as to
their morality. The businessman, to be
successful, to be honorable, must be a full
man, developed both intellectually, spir-
itually, and in the special knowledge
relevant to his affairs.
The idea of banditry may be hard to dis-
pel. Distrust has been built upon very real
experience. Some bandits are still with us.
This does not change the need for accept-
ance of moral responsibility.
No matter what laws are enacted, no
matter what changes transform our institu-
tions. men will err. But through attitude,
standards can be high. This goes for the
man at the top; it goes for the man at the
bottom and for all the ones midway.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 4651
Coordination among allied forces has im-
proved.
I think you should know that our American
troops are conducting themselves in the best
traditions of this country, not only in the
field but in their work in building rural
schools and hospitals, in helping the Viet-
namese people to build, plan, and have hope
for the future. Their performance is good,
their morale is high, and we have every rea-
son to be proud of them.
Special mention should be made of the ex-
cellent rescue and medical care available to
our troops in Vietnam. Within 3 hours most
wounded receive skilled medical treatment.
And fewer than 1 percent of all wounded
troops hospitalized fail to survive?this com-
pared to a rate of 8.5 percent in World War I;
4.5 percent in World War II; and 2.2 percent
In Korea.
There are no "Yankee go home" signs on
the walls in Saigon and other cities. Indeed,
the Vietcong themselves seem to have some
trouble in getting their soldiers to believe
their own anti-American propaganda. Ques-
tioning of prisoners and defectors shows that
very few of the Vietcong feel the United
States seeks conquest or domination in Viet-
nam.
One prisoner who was questioned said this:
"I saw an American once, working with sev-
eral Vietnamese to repair a bridge. He wore
no shirt. I saw that he and the Vietnamese
workers understood one another very well."
Another prisoner said that he had seen
Americans nearly every day in his area and
added:
"I've never seen an American doing some-
thing which showed that he wanted to rule
the Vietnamese."
And he was right.
We are not in Vietnam to rule the Viet-
namese. We are there to repel aggression,
and to prove to the aggressors that the price
of their aggression comes too high.
We are in Vietnam to maintain the rights
of self-determination and national inde-
pendence in face of calculated subversion,
terrorism, and military force.
The other side calls itself the National Lib-
eration Front.
I agree that it is a front?a front for Hanoi
and for the expansionist drive 91 Asian com-
munism.
I have had direct experience with the front
tactic. I faced Communists first-hand as
mayor of Minneapolis. I helped clean them
out of my State political party. And I helped
clean them out when they tried to infiltrate
the American labor movement and a number
of liberal organizations.
And, in case there is any doubt in any-
one's mind, let me make it clear that the
people who use the front tactic are not mild-
mannered social reformers. They are hard,
callous men filled with a drive for power
and domination over others.
The so-called National Liberation Front
in Vietnam is being used by Communists.
It is led by Communists, and its direction
comes from the north.
And I challenge tonight the idea that the
Vietcong is anything but an instrument of
the Asian Communist thrust for power.
There are no doubt honest nationalists
swept up in the Vietcong movement. But
their tragedy is great, for they are being
deluded and used?just as others have been
in the past.
I said earlier that there are two struggles
in Vietnam and southeast Asia: the struggle
against subversion and aggression; and the
struggle for a better life for the ordinary
people of that part of the world.
The first struggle is going better, although
there will undoubtedly be disappointments
and setbacks ahead.
What about the second struggle?the
struggle which can build that area's long-
term health and stability?
When I left Saigon, Premier Ky told me
"We have begun 12 years late. But it is not
too late."
The South Vietnamese Government has
now undertaken?late in the day, it is true?
programs which will give the people of the
countryside a feeling of participation and
a stake in their government.
The South Vietnamese Government is
working hard to educate Vietnamese chil-
dren; to feed, clothe, and house hundreds
of thousands of Vietnamese refugees; to
overcome a dangerous inflation in the Viet-
namese economy; to defeat corruption and
administrative inertia. It is working hard
toward the day when truly free elections
may be held.
And we are helping in this second struggle
just as we are in the first.
At the same time we seek, as strongly as
ever, to bring this conflict to negotiation.
Our aim in that negotiation: The establish-
ment of a just and honorable peace?and the
chance for the long-suffering, valiant people
of South Vietnam to decide their own futures.
We have chosen no easy course. We have
not chosen the course of withdrawal. Nor
have we chosen the course of massive escala-
tion and violence.
We have chosen the course which faces
with sober responsibility the whole complex
situation there.
Have we the resolve, the staying power, and
the courage to see it through?
If we do not, we may face tomorrow else-
where the aggression we face today in South
Vietnam.
I found, on my journey, that almost all the
Independent nations of southeast Asia fear
the expansionist drive of Asian communism?
an ideology which seeks to exploit every pos-
sible point of weakness in that part of the
world.
The approach of Asian communism is not
merely economic, although It capitalizes on
the poverty and despair of the Asian peasant.
Its tactic is not merely political, although
its hardcore followers are dedicated believers
in Marxist doctrine, and although it wraps
itself in the robes of nationalism to attract
those who are not yet ready for the full
gospel.
Its thrust for power is not simply military,
although it has never won power except by
ruthless use of force?and I believe it never
will.
Here in the United States, many thousands
of miles away, it is easy to debate and theo-
rize about Asian communism. But, in Asia,
it is not a subject for debate. It is a harsh,
dangerous reality. The peoples and govern-
ments of southeast Asia are facing this real-
ity. And we?and an increasing number of
our allies?are facing it with them.
The people of Asia want to decide their
own futures. They want to be independent.
But no free Asian nation is strong enough to
stand alone in face of massive military force,
subversion, and terrorism directed against it.
I believe that the time may come when
Asian communism may lose its fervor, when
it may lose some of its neuroses, when it may
realize that its objectives cannot be gained
by aggression.
But, until that time, I believe we have no
choice but to help the nations of southeast
Asia strengthen themselves for the long road
ahead.
There truly is no alternative.
The continent of Asia may seem distant
and remote to us here in this comfortable
ballroom. But I would remind you that, in
this nuclear age, no point on the globe is any
longer remote from any other. In this tithe
we would well heed the words of great Asian
Thinker Confucius.
"If a man take no thought about what is
distant, he will find sorrow near at hand."
And so it is that we must rededicate our-
selves to the pledges made last month in the
historic declaration of Honolulu?pledges to
defend against aggression; to the work of
social revolution; to the goal of free self-
government; to the attack on hunger, igno-
rance, and disease; and to the unending quest
for peace.
FARM INVESTMENT PROTECTION
FOR CITIZEN-SOLDIERS
(Mr. NELSEN (at the request of Mr.
DON H. CLAUSES) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, recogniz-
ing that many young farmers may be
drafted or recalled to active duty from
Reserves or the National Guard in the
near future because of Vietnam, I am
today proposing an amendment to cur-
rent farm law designed to protect their
farm investments in their absence.
My bill, the first of its kind to be in-
troduced in Congress, would permit such
farmers, on notice of induction or recall
to active military duty, to receive first
preference in retiring their cropland
under provisions of the Cropland Ad-
justment Act passed by Congress last
year. Additionally, participants could
retire land only for the duration of their
military obligation if they preferred this
to the standard 5- or 10-year retirement
program.
If the term of the land retirement
agreement were to end after the normal
planting season, the returning service-
man would have the option of extending
the agreement to the end of the year.
Mr. Speaker, we need to realize that
the young farmer just getting started
often has indebted himself substantially
for equipment and farm rental. When
he is called up with as little as 7-day
alert, he has inadequate time to make
arrangements for the running of his
farm in his absence. In the past,
farmers faced with this situation have
often been forced to sell out at a loss,
and it is time to remedy this situation.
I might say further, Mr. Speaker, that
this legislation was suggested by Capt.
Kenneth L. Keil, a young farmer in Red-
wood County, Minn., who is a member of
the Minnesota National Guard. His
sound suggestion was passed on to me
by Maj. Gen. Chester J. Moeglein, ad-
jutant general of the Minnesota National
Guard.
Captain KeiFs sound suggestion would
benefit young farmers In my district as
well as many others around the Nation.
I would like to commend Captain Keil
for his initiative, and I hope Congress
will give this proposal earliest possible
consideration.
I request unanimous consent to in-
clude correspondence I received in con-
nection with this new proposal at this
point in my remarks.
STATE OF MINNESOTA,
DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS,
St. Paul, February 23, 1966.
Hon. ANCHER NELSEN,
U.S. House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Ma. NELSEN: The heavy participation
by the 47th Infantry Division in the Selected
Reserve Force program means that approxi-
mately 75 percent of the 10,000 members of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March 3 , 1968
the Minnesota Army National Guard are
subject to being ordered into active Federal
service with as little as 7 days' alert. While
such a requirement places a burden on all
of these guardsmen, it imposes a particular
hardship on individuals who are in a business
or profession for themselves. Among this
latter group are the farmers, who quite
obviously cannot sell their farms or refrain
from planting their craps based on mere
probabilities.
am enclosing copy of a letter I received
from Capt. Kenneth L. Keil, commander of
our unit at Redwood Falls, Minn., which
contains a proposal for farmers who are also
members of a National Guard or other mili-
tary unit. This proposal seems to me to
have merit. The Congress has by law pro-
vided protection for individuals who are in
the employ of others but has so far been
ible to do very little for the self-employed.
Since a, GI bill for post-Korea veterans is
now before the Congress for consideration, I
should like to recommend that some action
_along the lines suggested by Captain Keil
be taken to ease the situation for our many
farmers who are performing their military
service in the National Guard and other
reserve units.
Sincerely yours,
C IESTER j. MOEGLEIN,
Major General Minnesota ARNG,
The Adjutant General.
COMPANY C, 3D BATTALION, 135TH
INFANTRY. NATIONAL GUARD AR-
MORY,
Redwood Falls, Minn., December 27, 1965.
A MI UTANT GENERAL,
S tate Capitol Building,
St. Paul, 714-in.77..
;ire: In the past years when our men in
uniform returned to civilian life, many of
them found their jobs taken and bad to
adjust to other means of providing for self-
sustenance. Laws were passed giving these
people the assurance of returning to their
former employment. However, there is no
provision for keeping the young men on the
Farm after their tnur of military duty is com-
pleted. Many gave up months and years
or their lives to make it possible for those
on the homefront to capitalize on the mis-
fortunes of war. When they returned, they
found. their land. had been rented by someone
else and that there was no more available.
These people who stayed behind enjoyed the
prosperity of good prices for their products
and refused to yield to those who made it
possible for their prosperity.
Many of us face this possibility again,
therefore, 1- present to you the enclosed copy
of a proposal to help these men and also
aid the farm program in retiring acres from
production.
Very truly yours,
NNETH t..
Captain, Minnesota National Guard.
HEcEmer.a 27, 1965.
M.:swoon COUNTY ASO,
Redwood Falls, Minn.
DEAR COMMITTEEMEN: As I and other young
farmers face the possibility of entering mili-
tary service in the near future, we are in-
terested in a. program of retiring our crop-
land. For those people that are wage earn-
ers and employed as carpenters, electricians,
etc., there is provided for them by law that
they will be entitled to their jobs upon re-
turning from the military service. For the
young farmer who is just beginning his life
:Embition as a farmer or those of us who have
been in the business of farming for several
years, it will be a burden and hardship for
us 1;0 have our programs interrupted. I am
referring now to the possibility of our Na-
tional Guard unit being called to active duty
sometime in the near future. There are
several of us who have already been in the
service for several years and we lost those
years as far as competing for land and finan-
cial gains are concerned.
I realize there are obligations on the part
Of everyone to their country especially the
young men of today. However, it is difficult
for a man to begin a farming program and
to take on a great debt which is required
of him in these times and to leave it for a
period of time. He has a financial loss be-
cause of the depreciation of his equipment
and a risk o his own life. The monetary re-
turn from the Government for his service to
protect the people at home does not cover
the potential income he may have derived
from, his agrarian operations, Also, the pos-
sibility of losing the land he is renting is
very strong, and in many eases he must seek
other lines of work.
Using myself as an example, I am renting
my land and I would like to retire my crop-
land (with the consent of the landowners)
either for the duration of one milisary tour
or for a specified time, preferably during the
length of tour. I have no brothers and my
father is -unable to continue the operations
because of his age. I do not consider it eco-
nomically feasible to hire anyone to carry
on for me as my machinery is too much of
an investment and help is not dependable.
Even if I owned my own land, I would con-
sider this program and those who have
brothers and fathers to carry on should be
given the same privilege cif retiring their land
either all or i.n excess of the 50-pertent corn
base.
Therefore, I propose the following program
concerning those who must enter or reenter
the military service:
Upon receiving word of induction or mo-
bilization to active duty, the obligee (mili-
tary) be given the opportunity to retire
either all of his cropland or that percentage
of cropland (disregarding the maximum 50
percent corn base) which cannot be operated
without hi:; assistance. This refers only to
the man, Inmse:1, who has contracts on land
which he himself is operating and has a
financial debt or a family farm wLich may
be hindered financially (but muss be re-
viewed by the county committee) by the
loss of this individual. In the case of rented
land there must be a signed certificate by
the landowner and renter agreeing to enter
this program.
To retire his land, he must comply with
the county committee's policies as to weed
control and seeding. Also, he may be given
an option of retiring this land for a number
of years (5 or 10) or only for the duration
of his obligation. If his tour of duty should
end during the growing Or planting season
so that it may create a hardship on his part
to accurately plant a crop, he be given the
option to remain in the program for the
remainder of the growing season.
The foregoing proposal is for your study
and consideration. This is mainly to help
us to retain our operations and provide us a
Future when we return. I will be willing to
discuss and answer any questions you may
have.
Sincerely,
.KENNETH L. Kim,
Captain,
Mi.inesota Army National Guard.
THE FIRST STEP IN PROTECTING
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE FROM
CRIPPLING TRANSPORTATION
STRIKES
(Mr. GURNEY (at the request of Mr.
DON H. CLAUSEN) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GURNEY. Mr. Speaker, I am to-
day introducing a resolution to create a
joint congressional committee to study
and report on problems relating to col-
lective bargaining, strikes and lockouts
in the transportation industry.
It would be composed of eight Mem-
bers of each House, and would be author-
ized to conduct hearings, investigations
and studies of the entire area of trans-
portation labor disputes and strikes.
The issue of paralyzing strikes has
been with us for a long time, but it was
brought vividly to our attention earlier
this year when the transit workers
unions in New York crippled the city in
a strike felt across the Nation.
Direct costs of the strike to the city of
New York have been estimated at $50
million. Loss of wages of those people
not connected with transit, but who were
unable to get to work has been guessed
at near $300 million. Countless hours
of productive time were lost, to business
and industry, retail sales dropped more
than 50 percent. Hardest hit were the
small businesses which were least able to
recover, and the poorer workers who
could least stand the financial strain.
And a great percentage of the people hurt
were not citizens of New York City or
even the State of New York.
But this strike was only one of the
series of recent walkouts that have had
serious effects upon our economy. A
shipping strike early in 1964 brought in-
ternational shipping to a standstill, cut-
ting off goods and services to the entire
Nation. A rail crisis in 1963, only nar-
rowly averted by special legislation, may
erupt again when the contract expires.
It has become clear that something
must be done.
There have been many suggestions;
many bills have been introduced in an
effort to remedy the situation. But the
business of the Education and Labor
Committee, through which the majority
of this legislation must pass has been
taken up with every program from
poverty to the minimum wage, leaving
little time for the detailed considerations
necessary.
These strikes involve so many people,
so many businesses, so big a part of the
economy, and so many questions of Fed-
eral and State law, that an extraordinary
amount of study and time is required to
fully consider them. The Congress must
have the benefit of the best advice avail-
able, and the machinery for a careful
and thoughtful study.
The problem is so far-reaching that
it must be dealt with through broad
methods, fair to every dispute and, above
all, to the American people. I am con-
fident that the Congress can and will
devise such a solution, but they must
first have the benefit of the best advice
and information available.
The joint committee which I propose
will not be an investigating comtnittee
to hear recriminations on past strikes,
but rather to consider ways of averting
them in the future.
The principle and practice of collec-
tive bargaining have made great contri-
butions to the development of the econ-
omy and industry of this Nation. They
should be left intact as much as possible.
But it has become apparent that new
approaches must be found to cope with
matters of national interest.
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gae_iiMeAl :fte-6061,Bili9M000400050006Warch 3, 1966
u
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF COMMISSIONER LEE
LOEVINGER REGARDING PROPOSED CATV
LEGISLATION
I believe it Ls necessary for Congress to
legislate on the subject of community
antenna television and that the draft of
proposed legislation submitted herewith by
the FCC is the best compromise that can
now be agreed upon. It is my opinion that
under present statutes the. Commission does
not have the jurisdiction which it claims
over CATV's. See my separate opinion at
4 R12,2d 1679, 1712. If the Commission is to
act in this field legislative authorization is,
therefore, necessary.
In general I agree with the views expressed
by Commissioner Bartley in his dissenting
statement. However, those views are more
relevant to consideration of the regulations
that may be promulgated by the Commission
under the proposed legislation than to the
bill now proposed. The legislation proposed
is basically a broad authorization to the
FCC to act in this field, with a specific
declaration that congressional action shall
not be construed as Federal preemption. It
would be desirable for Congress to establish
more specific standards for administrative
action than are contained in the proposed
bill. But it is appropriate for Congress to
delegate broad authority for the Commission
to act under whatever standards Congress
may see fit to establish. Accordingly I join
in recommending that Congress consider the
proposed bill submitted herewith and enact
legislation in such form as may best express
the congressional view of the proper way to
deal with the problems involving FCC juris-
diction to regulate CATV systems, the opera-
tion of CATV systems, the relations of CATV
systems to conventional broadcasting sta-
tions, and the relation between Federal and
State jurisdiction in this field.
FEDERAL COMM UNICATIONS
COMMISSION,
Washington, D.C., March 3, 1966.
Hon. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS,
Chairman, Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce, House of Representa-
tives, Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN In accordance with
your request that the Commission furnish
your committee as soon as possible with our
suggestions for legislation on CATV, I am
enclosing proposed legislation which the
Commission at its meeting yesterday agreed
to recommend. The dissenting statement
of Commissioner Bartley and the separate
statement of Commissioner Loevinger are
also attached.
Because of this urgent request, and the
fact that the bill has just been drafted, it
has not been presented to the Bureau of
the Budget for advice as to its 'relationship
to the program of the President. However,
a copy is being sent to that Bureau
forthwith,
Please call on me if T. can be of any further
assistance in this matter.
Yours sincerely,
E. WILLIAM HENRY,
Chairman.
SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT PLANE
(Mr. BOW asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 minute
and to revise and extend his remarks.)
Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, I am intro-
ducing today a bill to provide for the
prototype construction of a commercial
supersonic transport airplane, to be fi-
nanced with ,funds obtained from the
general public rather than from the U.S.
Treasury.
The President's transportation mes-
sage yesterday contained a request for
an additional $200 million to initiate the
prototype of a supersonic aircraft. We
have already appropriated $231 million
to this project.
I have believed for a long time that
this is a burden which could be carried
by private rather than Federal funds,
and I think the war effort makes it im-
perative that we develop a sound plan to
do so.
The bill I introduce today provides
such a plan. It incorporates suggestions
made to the Appropriations Committee
last September 8 by Col. W. S. Whitehead
whose firm, Ives, Whitehead & Co., Inc.,
has been engaged hi a 3-year study on
financing an SST.
If we are to relieve the taxpayers of
this burden, this is the critical time for
decision and I hope the bill will receive
widespread study and discussion.
The Bow proposal will permit the
orderly and timely transition of respon-
sibility for this development task from
the Federal Aviation Agency to a pro-
posed independent Government agency
to be known as the Supersonic Transport
Authority. The independent agency ap-
proach was recommended in the Black-
Osborne report released by the White
House in late 1963.
The Supersonic Transport Authority
would be empowered to sell to the public,
through normal investment channels,
development bonds in the amount of $1.5
billion.
These securities will not be obligations
of the United States, but in event of
any default in the payment of principal
and interest, the United States will guar-
antee the payment thereof.
The proposed legislation requires that
industry share a reasonable proportion
of the cost of development, but postpones
fulfillment of this responsibility until
the commercial production of the SST is
realized.
The patents, patent rights, and so forth
resulting from development, will remain
the proRerty of the United States until
all of the bands of the SST Development
Authority are paid off. When this oc-
curs, the rights to these inventions will
pass to private industry.
The advantages of the bill may be sum-
marized as follows;
First. It avoids the necessity of appro-
priating huge sums by Congress for this
gigantic commercial research and de-
velopment project.
Second. It permits a savings feature
by using all residual usable assets ac-
quired during development, in the com-
mercial production of the SST.
Third. It assures more effective sur-
veillance over development costs since
each separate major stage of construc-
tion will be financed separately.
Fourth. It permits an outlet for ex-
cessive investment funds now held in
private hands.
Fifth. It provides an equitable and
sound basis for determining industry's
share of the development cost, after the
fact, and not before development of the
SST.
Congress is now being called upon to
authorize huge sums to finance the war
in Vietnam, and for enlarged and ex-
panded domestic programs. Appropri-
ated funds required for our defense come
first, especially since the President re-
ports a long and hard war is ahead.
I strongly support the provisions of
the bill I have introduced and sincerely
hope a 1 Members will recognize the wis-
dom of achieving the objective of devel-
e SST with private funds.
SERVICE FOR VIETNAM VETERANS
(Mr. HALPERN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, some
disquieting information has reached me
which I believe should be of concern to
the House. As a member of the Vet-
erans' Affairs Committee, I would want
to see that those who serve in Vietnam
and return home, especially the wounded,
are granted all the service to which they
are entitled and which a grateful Na-
tion can bestow.
I have learned with dismay that an in-
excusable backlog, due to lack of ad-
ministrative machinery to process dis-
charges, has resulted in the virtual con-
finement of Purple Heart cases.
I understand that the situation pre-
vailing at the Forest Glen facility at
Walter Reed is characteristic of other
medical separation centers. At Walter
Reed, wounded veterans from Vietnam,
who have already undergone thorough
treatment, are made to wait for pro-
longed periods before they can be re-
leased to return home. In other words,
despite the fact that they have received
all possible treatment and are ready for
discharge, they are kept from returning
to civilian life, mainly because of
bureaucratic redtape.
Military authorities state that the rea-
son for this delay is that men must await
due process of boards to adjudge dis-
ability ratings. Their treatment is com-
pleted; their medical case files are in
order; but they must wait for a brief
appearance before the disability board.
I quite agree that this separation process
is essential.
However, in some instances wounded
veterans have been detained for as long
as 2 months while awaiting their cases
before the board. It seems to me out-
rageous that men who bore the brunt of
battle in Vietnam and who suffered am-
putations and other injuries are pre-
vented from rejoining their families be-
cause of the shortcomings of the separa-
tion system. In this age, it is uncon-
scionable that we lack the personnel and
the means to discharge these men with-
out undue delay.
Anything short of an expeditious and
efficient separation worthy of the cour-
age of these wounded men fails to recog-
nize their gallantry and sacrifices. It
seems the least a grateful Nation can do.
The urgency of the situation is drama-
tized by the news that last week's total
wounded in Vietnam action was 747, rep-
resenting over 10,0 per day. Many of
these wounded will soon arrive back in
the States, increasing the number of
those detained by the already jammed
facilities.
I think we should do everything pos-
sible to expedite final clearance proce-
dures for these men.
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March 3, 196b CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 4639
their size or nature, need not be encom-
passed within the regulatory scheme. For
example, the Commission's present regula-
tions exempt systems serving fewer than
.50 subscribers or which serve only 1 or more
apartment houses under common ownership,
control or management. (See, e.g., 47 C.F.R.
21.710(a).)
Of prime importance is the proposed new
section 331(a) (1) of the act, which would
expressly confer upon the Commission, in
broad and comprehensive terms, authority to
regulate community antenna systems in the
nubile; interest. This authority is to be
exercised only to the extent necessary to
carry out the purposes of the Communica-
tions Act, particularly the establishment
and maintenance of broadcast services and
the provision of multiple reception services.
There is thus a, congressional recognition of
the public service rendered by the broadcast
and CATV industries and a directive to pro-
mote the orderly growth of both industries.
We recommend the broad approach along
the lines of proposed section 331(a) (1) be-
cause of the dynamic and relatively new
nature of the CATV field. We believe that it
would be difficult and indeed impracticable
to attempt to delineate precisely in a statute
all of the possible areas in which the public
interest may in the future require Commis-
sion action. Had legislation been drawn so
deal specifically with the problems posed by
CATV in the fifties, it would have been in-
adequate as to such present problems as
those raised by CATV entry into the major
markets. Today, for example, because there
is so little program origination or alternation
or deletion of broadcast signals being car-
ried, there wont(' appear to be few, if any,
problems concerning the carriage over CATV
systems of politic-el broadcasts or of appro-
priate identification announcements with
respect to sponsored material, including pro-
grams Involving controversial issues. But
there could be future problems in these re-
spects, requiring regulation along the lines
of sections 315 or 317. The broad regulatory
approach we urge is similar to that adopted
by the Congress for regulation of radio, and
Lice following quotation from the landmark
Supreme Court case construing the Commu-
nications Act is equally pertinent to the dy-
namic and new field of CATV:
"Congress was acting in a field of regula-
tion which was both new and dynamic. * * ?
While Congress clid not give the Commission
unfettered discretion to regulate ell phases
of the radio industry, it did not frustrate the
Purpose for which the Communications Act
of 1.934 was brought into being by attempting
an itemized catalog of the specific manifes-
tations of the general problems for the solu-
tion of which it was establishing a regulatory
agency. That would have stereotyped the
powers of the Commission to specific details
in regulating a field of enterprise the domi-
nant characteristic of which was the rapid
pace of its unfolding. And so Congress did
what experience had taught It in similar
attempts at regulation, even in fields far less
fluid and dynamic than radio. The essence
of that experience was to define broad areas
for regulation and to establish standards for
judgment adequately related in their appli-
cation to the problems to be solved." (NEC v.
U.S., 319 U.S. 190, 218-219).
There is one area which we believe that
Congress may wish to consider specifically
at this time, rather than leaving to subse-
quent regulatory decision under the pro-
posed section 331(a) (1); namely. Whether
community antenna systems should be re-
quired to obtain the consent of the originat-
ing broadcast station before retransmitting
the station's signal over the system. It has
been urged that such a requirement would
obviate the need for much, if not all, of the
Commission's present regulations in this
field. The Commission is not now in a posI-
No. 3t3---5
tion to state whether a so-called section
325(a) approach would be effective or fully
consistent with the public interest. The
matter is one of such a nature that we be-
lieve it should be more appropriately con-
sidered by the Congress. In this way, there
could be congressional hearings on how such
a retransmission consent provision would
function as a practical matter, whether
there should be special provisions for the
CATV systems operating in a small commu-
nity, and whether and to what extent there
should be "grandfathering" of existing sys-
tems. The statute finally enacted could then
reflect the congressional judgment on this
important aspect
The proposed new section 331(b) of the
Communications Act deals with the question
of possible program origination by commu-
nity antenna systems. We believe it would
be inequitable to allow unlimited program
origination, since this would permit com-
munity antenna systems to use the distri-
bution of free television broadcast signals
as a base for engaging in pay-TV operations.3
Moreover, the Ccmmissiorx, and indeed the
Congress, has had a continuing conceen with
the possible impact of subscription tele-
vision servicee on the free television broad-
cast service. The Commission currently has
before it a petition requesting the institu-
tion of rulemaking proceedings to provide
for subscription television service, on a per-
manent and carefully regulated basis
throughout tae country, utilizing the facili-
ties of television broadcast stations. Be-
cause of the fciregoing considerations, the
proposed section 331(b) would bar any gen-
eral pay-TV operation by a community an-
tenna system.
While cony_ nceel that community antenna
systems shou id not be permitted unlimited
program origination, we are not recom mend-
ing that Congress impose a complete ban on
program orig,.nation. There would appear
to be various possible exceptions (e.g., the
fairly common time and weather casting
channels on -CATS systems; see also para-
graph 57 of (sir Notice of Inquiry and NTetice
of Proposed Ruleraaking, Docket No. 15971,
1 FCC 2c1 453, 474-75). The scope cii such
possible exceptions to the ban collie only
be determined after appropriate proceedings.
Becauee cif the importance of the matter, we
would suggest that Congress, upon the basis
of its hearings, resolve this question and
enect specific statutory guidelines.
Absent such congressional guideline.;, the
Commission recommends that Congress fol-
low the approach set out in the new section
331(b). The proposed section 331(1,), in
addition to barring program origination by
community antenna systems, would permit
the Commission to grant exceptions subject
to several limitations. An express inicling
would have to be made, after appropriate
proceedings, that an exception would serve
the public interest; it could be grantee only
by general rule; and no additional enarge
to subscribers would be permitted under any
exception granted.
Finally, the Commission believes that con-
gressional consideration should also be given
to the appropriate relationship of Federal
to State-local jurisdiction over community
antenna systems, particularly with regard to
initial franchising, rate regulation, and re-
lated matters. The Commission generally
has not proposed to exercise any jurisdic-
tion with respect to these matters. (See
par. 32, Notice -of Inquiry and Notice of Pro-
Specific charges to subscribers for pro-
grams originated by a community antenna
system could, of course, be barred, but it
might be difficult to insure that monthly
rates charged to subscribers were not being
set at a level which would take into account
programs ciriginated by the system, par licu-
larly in the case. of a new system.
posed Rulemaking, Docket No. 15971, 1 FCC
2d 453, 466.) Rather, it has recognized that
many local governmental bodies, usually in.
connection with the grant of franchises,
have asserted some jurisdiction with respect
to rates charged subscribers and similar mat-
ters. At least three States (Connecticut.
New Jersey, and Rhode Island) have held
that CATV systems are public 'utilities.
In our opinion, the public interest will beet
be protected by permitting State and local
regulation to continue with regard to those
matters not regulated by the Commission.
We are therefore recommending legislation
along the lines of the proposed section 331
(c). That section provides that there would
be no Federal preemption except to the ex-
tent of direct conflict with the provisions of
the Communications Act or regulations en-
acted by the Commission. This would per-
mit State and local action, but would not
foreclose Federal action to carry out the pur-
poses of the act and to promote the "public
interest in the larger and more effective use
of radio" (sec. 303(g) ), where such lie tion
becomes necessary.
Adopted: March 2, 1966.
DISSENTING STATEMENT OF COMMISIIIONER
ROBERT T. BARTLEY
I believe that telling the public it cannot
receive broadcasts it wants and is willing to
pay for via CATV is unsound public policy.
People willing to pay extra should be al-
lowed to bring in broadcasts which they
would not otherwise receive as well or not
at all.
Conditions which the Commission would
impose on CATV as to carriage, rioncluplica-
tion and procedural impediments to devel-
opment in the top 100 markets appear to
be for the economic protection of television
stations. Experience indicates that eco-
nomic protection begets more regulation.
The heart of concern over CATV is its
possible evolution into pay television. Fear
has been expressed that the community an-
tenna systems will be built and made viable
by using free broadcasts from television sta-
tions; then, after the systems have acquired
a sufficient number of subscribers, they
could afford to originate their own programs,
and pay television would result.
Consideration_need be given to the exist-
ing types of systems, (1) community an-
tenna systems which receive, and distribute
to subscribers, transmissions of broadcast
stations, and (2) closed-circuit systems
which originate their own special progam-
ing and distribute it by wire or cable to the
theaters, business establishments or homes
of subscribers.
I believe we should not discourage closed-
circuit systems built and made viable by dis-
tributing their own programs.
It is the mixing of the two types of sys-
tems which would give rise to an unfair
competitive advantage. It would be in-
equitable to allow programs origination
since this would permit community antenna
systems to use the distribution of free tele-
vision broadcast signals as a base for engag-
ing in pay television operations.
Accordingly, at the present time, I would
recommend the following legislation, limited
to prohibiting program origination, by com-
munity antenna systems:
Section 3(h) (definition) : Commuility
antenna system means a facility which re-
ceives any programs transmitted by a
broadcast station and distributes such pro-
grams by wire or cable to customers paying
for the service.
Section 331: No community antenna sys-
tem shall distribute programs other than
those received from transmissions by broad-
cast stations.
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 4641
If it is any consolation to those who are
now inexcusably bogged down in admin-
istrative redtape, I am certain that once
their cases are passed on to the Veterans'
Administration, they will receive the
benefit of the efficient processes of the
highly experienced VA.
THE SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM
(Mr. BRAY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, for over 25
years Lt. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, Director
of the Selective Service System, has been
sending "greetings" to draftees. His
name has become synonymous with the
Selective Service and all too frequently
attacks at the System itself have been
aimed directly at him. This is wrong
and quite unfair to a man who has served
his country so admirably for so many
years and who at age '72 is still going
strong.
There is much confusion and misun-
derstanding over just what the prime
function of the Selective Service System
is. It is primarily to select a man and
deliver him to the Armed Forces. Selec-
tive Service does not prescribe nor ad-
minister the mental and physical ex-
aminations, for instance. It was the
Army that refused to take Cassius Clay
originally, and the blame cast upon
Selective Service was in error. All Selec-
tive Service did was reclassify him after
the Army had delivered its first opinion
of him; that is, after Clay had failed
the mental examination. Now that the
Army has lowered its standards?mark
that well, the Army has changed, not
Selective Service?Clay has been recon-
sidered and reclassified, and it is incum-
bent upon all Selective Service boards to
reshape their classifications, based upon
the Army's changed requirements.
The deferment process is also misun-
derstood. The only deferment specified
by law is ILS. This category applies to
high school students who are of registra-
tion age-18?but not yet 20; they
hold this classification until graduation
or age 20 or until they cease to attend
school. It also applies to college students
until the end of the academic year. De-
ferments beyond the academic year are
solely the result of Presidential direction.
On the basis of the law itself, college
deferments would only be for the com-
pletion of the academic year.
At this time plans are underway for a
series of tests and examinations to be
given to college students on behalf of the
Selective Service System to determine
their progress and academic ability.
This was last done during the Korean
war. It very well may lead to reclassifi-
cation for many.
The real authority as far as the draft-
ing of men into the armed services is
concerned lies with the President. The
Chief Executive is specifically given the
power to select and induct as many men
as are required. The Selective Service
System merely follows policy set by the
President and his advisers.
It is the same situation in the case of
deferments. Save for the student defer-
ments specified by law, the President has
the authority and responsibility to pro-
vide, by rules and regulations, for defer-
ments involving occupations, depend-
ency and fitness. Recent cancellation of
an order exempting men married before
a certain date from induction is a good
example of this.
As the U.S. Government Organization
Manual states:
The purpose of the Selective Service Sys-
tem is to assure the Armed Forces a supply
of manpower adequate to insure the security
of the United States, with concomitant re-
gard for the maintenance of an effective
national economy.
It is the President who decides the
number desired and what their qualifica-
tions should be. The selective service
merely processes the young men and es-
tablishes their priority under existing
law and presidential directives.
The House Armed Services Committee
will in the near future review the opera-
tion of the Selective Service System to
determine whether additional legislation
Is needed.
NEWT GRAHAM LOCK AND DAM
(Mr. BELCHER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. BELCHER. Mr. Speaker, today I
have placed in the hopper a bill that I
hope in some small way will pay proper
tribute to a dear and personal friend of
mine, the late Newt Graham, of Okla-
homa. I have asked that lock and dam
No. 18 on the Verdigris River in Okla-
homa, and the lake created thereby, be
named for this wonderful Oklahoman,
and that they be called the Newt Graham
lock and dam and the Newt Graham
Lake.
This small honor is not one that I had
to pull out of the thin air; for Newt Gra-
ham's fondest dream for many long years
was the development of the Arkansas
River Basin. Why, I can remember Newt
talking enthusiastically about his ideas
when in some places along this little
stream it was so narrow you could step
across it. And you can imagine what a,
good many of the home folk thought
about such a "wild dream" at that early
stage.
But my good friend did not falter. He
kept right on working toward his goal.
And I can remember the magnificent
job he did in selling this project to one
Governor after another who had never
heard of such a thing?one of them
being the late Senator Kerr when he
was Governor. Newt Graham just was
not fickle?he carried a torch for this
dream to the end.
For as long as I can remember almost,
my dear and personal friend kept at
this post of duty, with great vision, and
I feel did more than any other man to
to get the Arkansas River develop-
ment basin started. Year in and year
out, season in and season out, Newt's
work never ceased in this endeavor.
A few years ago, dear old Newt passed
away without living long enough to see
the completion of his finest dream; and
perhaps without realizing the great
gratitude that not only Oklahomans felt
for him, but also the folk in Arkansas
and Kansas?for the Arkansas River de-
velopment basin has literally meant the
life of a good many locations in these
States.
I am happy and honored to try in some
small way to perpetuate the memory of
this fine Oklahoman by asking that this
lock and dam and the lake be created
in tribute to him. And I know this will
meet with the great approval of the
thousands of friends Newt has in Okla-
homa, Kansas, and Arkansas, who knew
him over those trying years.
Someone has wisely said that the good
a man does lives after him. This is
certainly proved true in the case of my
dear friend, Newt Graham.
JOB CORPS DISCIPLINE
(Mr. QUIE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, on January
7, 1966, my colleague, the gentleman from
New York [Mr. GOODELL] and I took the
floor to discuss a serious incident that
occurred at a Job Corps Camp in Moun-
tain Home, Idaho. We described an at-
tack by a Job Corps enrollee on a fellow
corpsman. The reason that we brought
the attention of our colleagues to this
unfortunate occurrence was to point out
the lax enrollment and disciplinary pro-
cedure of 0E0 that is endangering the
entire Job Corps concept.
I am gratified to learn that other per-
sons, more intimately involved with Job
Corps operations, are also concerned
about present procedures and share our
desire to see the potential of the Job
Corps concept be fulfilled.
The Washington Evening Star carried
a front-page article yesterday, March 2,
which described a directive issued by Mr.
Charles H. Stoddard, Director of the Bu-
reau of Land Management which runs
six Job Corps centers, including the one
In Mountain Home, Idaho. According
to the Star, the directive orders directors
of Interior Department Job Corps cen-
ters to disregard procedures established
by 0E0 that no enrollees may be dis-
missed without clearance by 0E0. Mr.
Stoddard says that his camp directors,
contrary to 0E0 policy, may refuse to
accept enrollees whose advance records
indicate the enrollee has a history of
serious and repeated law offenses.
Serious disciplinary problems are said
to be caused in the centers by present
policies and, as an example of such prob-
lems, Mr. Stoddard described the same
Incident to which Congressman GOODELL
and I referred about a month ago. In
the words of Mr. Stoddard:
On October 19, 1965, we were notified by
the center director at Mountain Home that
18 enrollees of a group of 37 scheduled for in-
put at his center had criminal records,
several with serious and repeated offenses. In
spite of appeals from the center director and
from the departmental Job Corps staff, 0E0
proceeded with the scheduled input. One
of these enrollees performed the stabbing
which led to the recent notoriety at that
center.
I might remind my colleagues that in
answer to our remarks about this same
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1642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March 3, 1966
incident in January, one of our col-
leagues stated that the Job Corps au-
thorities at Mountain Home had no
knowledge of the criminal record of Mr.
Jones. The Office of Economic Op-
portunity did not give my colleagues the
correct information. The welfare of
Job Corps enrollees is being sacrificed to
maintain a favorable public relations
image for 0E0.
would like to commend Mr. Stoddard
for his forthright stand in recognizing
the problems in the operation of the Job
Corps program and taking measures to
correct them. It is regrettable that one
Federal agency has to defy another
agency, but I hope that 0E0 will soon
adopt the wise and sound policy accept-
able to Mr. Stoddard.
Mr. Speaker, I ask permission at this
point to include the article from the
Nvening Star:
(iorom. the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
Mar. 2, 1966)
OUST UNSUITAELE BOYS, SIX Jon CORPS UNITS
TOID?BunEACT OF LAND MANAGEMENT ACT-
ING ALSO TO BAR FURTHER PROI3LEM RE-
CRUITS
illy Orr Kelly)
Tee directors of the six Job Corps Conserva-
tion Centers operated by the Bureau of Land
Management have been ordered to refuse to
accept delivery of problem boys and to dis-
charge unsuitable corpsmen.
Charles H. Stoddard, Director of the Bu-
reau, said he had held up the effective date
of the order during the negotiations with
the Office of :Economic Opportunity but that
it would go into effect in a week.
Ms order, issued in a teletype message
February 24. is the first open break between
0E0 and the head of one of the many Gov-
ernment agencies that operate the Job Corps
camps. Many others, however, are reported
to be as disturbed as Stoddard.
SItocidard's order, which was obtained by
the Star from sources outside the Depart-
ment of the Interior, said:
111,(CHARGES URGED
"Ti, is apparent from continuing incidents
at your centers that poor screening of candi-
dates for enrollment in the program has and,
is having a deleterious effect on the program.
Additionally. your tack of authority to imme-
diately discharge unsuitable corpsmen has
led to serious troubles in maintaining dis-
"For above reasons I direct you to review
records you now have on your corpsmen and
to discharge immediately any who show a,
history of serious and repeated offenses
against persons or propery, extreme sexual
deviation, or emotional disturbances..
"You will take this action without regard
to procedures established by 0E0 when delay
will cause overburdening of your staff, ad-
verse community relations, escalation of dis-
cipline problems with other corpsmen, or
serious morale problems at your center.
REJECTIONS ORDERED
"As you receive additional new enrollees
and advance records indicate problems of the
stature stated above, you will not accept de-
livery of corpsmen but will return them to
their homes immediately.
"Should you be questioned from any source
as to your authority to take the above ac-
tions, you will quote this communication
erorn me."
Stoddard said the Bureau of Land Manage-
ment, a part of the Interior Department, op-
erates the six Job Corps centers with money
appropriated for that purpose. The centers
have an enrollment of about 1,000 youths,
with a weekly turnover of about 5 percent, he
said.
The 0E0 retains control over education
and discipline, he said, and all cases involv-
ing major disciplinary action must be cleared
with 0E0 in Washington. "It is days and
sometimes weeks," he said "before a decision
comes back from Washington."
SPECIFIC CASES SOUGHT
Directors of the centers have bee a asked to
send Stoddard reports of specific cases to
back up his order giving them disciplinary
authority.
"T hope to have a good, tight case in a
week or so." he said.
Stoddard said he had heard nettling di-
rectly from 0E0 since his order wee L out, but
"we've been talking to them for a year and
getting nowhere."
One of Stoddard's major compla as is that
the 0110 does not operate screening centers
and the result has been that youths with
criminal records and serious emotional dis-
turbances have caused serious problems at
the Job Corps centers.
In a memorandum to Secretary of the In-
terior Stewart L. Udall telling iibout his
order, Stoddard said:
"Over many years the :BLM has built favor-
able relations with communities in which
our field operations are situated. Assurance
was given the public that youths who show
a history of serious and repeated offenses
against persons or property would not be en-
rolled in the program, This has nob been the
cafe.
"To illustrate this point, I cite the diffi-
culties experienced at our center st Moun-
tain Home. Idaho, which was the subject of
considerable discussion recently in Lim House
of Represeiatatives.
"On October 19, 1965, we were notified by
the center director at Mountain Dome that
18 enrollees of a group of 37 scheduled for
input at .nis center had criminal records,
several wish serious and repeated offenses.
In spite of appeals from the center director
and from :he departmental Job Corps staff,
0E0 proceeded with the scheduled input.
One of these enrollees performed the stab-
bing which led to the recent notoriety at that
center."
OTHER INCIDENTS CTIED
In a separate state:ment of the underlying
reasons for his order, Stoddard cited a num-
ber of other incidents and said:
"This series of events need not have oc-
curred. From the beginning the record will
show that I have asked for disciplinary au-
thority on the part of center director who
is in the final analysis as responsible for his
camp as the captain of his ship.
'Furthermore, I have exhausted every
channel of communication to urge 0E0 to
establish reception centers as a means of
screening misfits, outfitting, providing medi-
cal examinations and adequate orientation
prior to arrival at camp * *.
'Many people in the national .conserva-
than movement who worked strongiy for the
passage of the Antipoverty Act did so only
because the Youth Conservation Corps pro-
gram was an. integral part of it. They are
deeply concerned over the failure to date,
and wish 1 o see corrective action taken im-
mediately.
POORER QUALITY DUE
"But in December the Federal conserva-
tion agency liaison people were told that
the enrollee input would be of poorer quality
than previously and that boys not capable
of meeting urban center standards would go
to conservation centers. If these moves were
not calculated to ruin the program this
could be their Only result.
"If 0E0 will establish reception centers
and delegate adequate disciplinary authority
to Job Corps camp directors, those easily
preventable situations will not occur. As
soon as this is done, I will be glad Lo rescind
my order of February 24. Furthermore, I
will request a leave of absence from the Sec-
retary of Interior to direct this program into
a successful operation."
The Bureau operates Job Corps Centers at
Kingman, Ariz., Mountain Home, Idaho,
Antelope Mesa, Nev., Fort Vannoy and Tilla-
mook, Oreg., and Castle Valley, Utah.
Other centers are operated by Interior's
Bureau of Reclamation, Bureau ,if Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife, National Park Serv-
ice, and Bureau of Indian Affairs, the De-
partment of Agriculture's Forest Service,
and the California Resources Agency.
JOB CORPS
(Mr. GIBBONS asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. Speaker, I do not
have any prepared remarks, but I have
done some on-the-spot investigation of
the charge that has just been made here
by my colleague, the gentleman from
Minnesota [Mr. QuiE] . I talked to Mr.
Stoddard last night as soon as the article
to which the gentleman referred ap-
peared in the newspaper, and he ap-
peared at my request in my office this
morning.
I said, "Mr. Stoddard, let me see the
documentation you have for this charge.
How many people do you know of? How
many corpsmen have you asked to have
discharged because of their character
and record?" I said, "Has it been more
than 100?" He did not know. I said,
"Has it been less than 10?" He did not
know.
I submit to my colleagues this man is
the kind of man who, when he secs a fire,
would throw gasoline on it rather than
try to put it out.
The whole purpose of the Economic
Opportunity Act and the Job Corps Cen-
ters is to take disadvantaged people from
disadvantaged surroundings and try to
uplift them, try to make productive citi-
zens out of them. That is what we are
trying to do.
When you deal with this segment of
society, you are going to have a few prob-
lems. We cannot run away from those
problems. These problems exist. We as
Americans and Christians have a re-
sponsibility to do something about them.
I would suggest that my colleague pay
a little more attention to how these
camps are operated and not criticize so
much. If he does criticize, I suggest that
he get his facts straight.
CONGRESSIONAL AWARD OF THE
VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS TO
SENATOR EVERETT McKINLEY
DIRKSEN
(Mr. ALBERT asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, the able
and distinguished minority leader of the
other body of this Legislature has been
named the recipient of the Congressional
Award of the Veterans of Foreign Wars
of the United States for his outstanding
work in Congress. I know that all of
my colleagues in the House of Represent-
atives join with me in congratulating
Senator DIRKSEN. And this House will be
overwhelmingly represented at the VFW's
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
Mr. McCarthy for, with Mrs. Dwyer against.
Mr. Reinecke for, with Mr. Stratton against.
Mr. Brock for, with Mr. Harvey of Indiana
against.
Mr. Burton of California for, with Mr. Dick-
inson against.
Mr. Gubser for, with Mr. Glenn Andrews
against.
Mr. Charles H. Wilson for, with Mr. Roude-
bush against.
Mr. Edwards of California for, with Mr.
Minish. against.
Until further notice:
Mr. Fisher with Mr. Fuqua.
Mr. Corman with Mr. Dawson.
Mr. Aspinall with Mr. Herlong.
Mr. Miller with Mr. Nix.
Mr. Dowdy with Mr. Macdonald.
Mr. Keogh with Mr. Feighan.
Mr. Toll with Mr. Hawkins.
Mr. Hays with Mr. Baring.
Mr. Cameron with Mrs. Griffiths.
Mr. Colmer with Mr. Matthews.
Mr. Willis with Mr. Giaimo.
Mr. Kluczynski with Mr. Evins.
Mr. O'Brien with Mr. Rostenkowski.
Mr. DOW, Mr. VIVIAN, Mr. ADAMS,
Mr. JACOBS, and Mr. DONOHUE
changed their votes from "nay" to "yea."
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I have
a live pair with the gentleman from Cali-
fornia. [Mr. TUNNEY1. If he had been
present he would have voted "yea." I
voted "nay." I withdraw my vote and
vote "present."
The result of the vote was announced
as above recorded. ?
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days in which to
extend their remarks on the bill just
passed.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
There was no objection.
MOST SENSIBLE RECOMMENDA-
TIONS ON VIETNAM MADE BY
SENATOR STUART SYMINGTON
(Mr. HULL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include an editorial.)
Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, the most
sensible recommendations on Vietnam
made in recent weeks are those advanced
by Senator SWART SYMINGTON, Of
Missouri.
He believes that the United States
should take those measures necessary to
win in Vietnam and I am absolutely cer-
tain that a great majority of Americans
agree with him,
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
enclose a copy of an editorial in support
of Senator SYMINGTON'S position, written
by Joseph R. Snyder in the Gallatin, Mo.,
Democrat:
SymiNcrox's VIEWS
Of all the people in high Government
places who have issued public statements
on the war in southeast Asia, the words of
Missouri's own Senator STUART SYIVIINGTON
conic closest to matching the thoughts this
newspaper has entertained. Of all the people
in Government, outside our generals in the
Military Establishment, we are more inclined
to trust SYmiNaToN's judgment 011 the situ-
ation than any other. Happily his views are
largely shared by the military.
There is, of course, a realistic way to win
the war In Vietnam. Senator SYMINGTON is
persistently urging It upon President John-
son and his advisers. The Senator has an
exceptionally fine background of Government
service in areas of defense upon which to base
his views. He has projected his opinions to
the public only after completion of a several
weeks visit in the Far East during which he
was able to obtain vital information on the
spot.
That war can be ended and many lives
saved, the Senator asserts, by a. blockade and
mining of Haiphong waters, which is the
principal North Vietnamese port. This
could cut off about 80 percent of the supplies
reaching the Vietcong.
SYMINGTON also urges air attacks on im-
portant military targets such as powerplants,
oil supply, clocks, etc., to destroy the Viet-
cong's capacity to wage war. He further
recommends fuller use of U.S. naval power
to pound enemy troop concentrations and
supply lines along the coastal areas.
As he so aptly puts it: "We should either
move ahead or move out." It is our feeling
that a majority, of Americans feel the same
way about this conflict. We commend him
for hammering away at this theme.
History shows that limited war in south-
east Asia is a failure. It is not the American
way to give the enemy every advantage, per-
mitting him to choose the time and place of
battle and sanctuaries from which he can
attack, fall back, gain strength, and then
attack again.
It is our opinion that once America de-
cides a situation has become so intolerable
we must take action on the field of battle,
Congress should authorize the conflict by a
formal declaration of war. We do not like
one man?the President, no matter who he
is?having the power to commit this Nation
to war without approval from the people
through Congress. We also do not like a war
being fought by a relatively few while the
Government pretends "business as usual"
and hopes the public won't notice the cas-
ualty lists.
It is our belief that once the United States
Is committed to battle; we should go on a
war footing and end the fighting as quickly
as possible. We further believe that military
decisions should be left to military people.
Had this been done in the past we would
not now be fighting in Vietnam.
The question of whether we should be in
Vietnam at all is not the point of this edi-
torial. We recall with irony, however, that
every top general we have had has warned
against becoming involved in a land war in
Asia.
We believe the American people will sup-
port the action called for by Senator SYMING.
'TON. We believe they are tired of the lack
of decision and purpose displayed thus far.
We believe they want a victory in Vietnam
as quickly as possible and a halt to con-
fusion and half answers. Ho CM Minh will
not be ready to talk peace until he's hurt.
We must make the cost of aggression too
high to endure.
APOLOGY AND CLARIFICATION RE-
QUIRED ON RELEASE STATING
THAT FBI WAS BEING ORDERED
TO INVESTIGATE REGISTRATION
PRACTICES IN "SAMPLE COUN-
TIES" IN TEXAS
(Mr. CABELL asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. CABELL. Mr. Speaker, in view of
an ill-conceived release from the Office
4637
of the Attorney General that implies an
Indictment of the people of my district
and of my State of Texas, I consider a
clarification and an apology to be in
order.
This release stated that the FBI was
being ordered to investigate registration
practices in "sample counties" in Texas.
No such implied indictment can be al-
lowed to go unchallenged. I, therefore,
submit for the RECORD my reply to the
Attorney General:
lVfarCen 3, 1986.
Hon. NICIIOLAS DED KATZENBACH,
The Attorney General,
The Department of Justice,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. ATTORNEY GENERAL: Never in my
career as a citizen-businessman, a municipal
official or more lately, as a Member of Con-
gress, have I observed such a flagrant, and
cheap, abuse of power as that recently dem-
onstrated by your appointment of voter reg-
istration "monitors" in Texas, and particu-
larly in my home district of Dallas County.
Not only is this a debasement of your
hitherto respected office, it is also a debase-
ment of many fine segments of our society
and Is a relegation of one of our most re-
spected agencies (FBI) to the status of a
cheap political tool.
The victims of the insult include:
1. The Negro citizens of Dallas County and
Texas. They have consistently exercised
their voting franchise, without any form of
coercion. In 1964, the Negro citizen quali-
fied by registration or by payment of poll
tax, a higher percentage of their potential
than did their white counterparts.
2. The white citizenship of Dallas County
and the State of Texas, and all elected offi-
cials. They have consistently provided un-
told numbers of volunteers, both white and
Negro, who were deputized to issue registra-
tions and poll tax receipts, and who worked
diligently in all communities from the pe-
riod, October 1, 1965, through January 31,
1966. All of this was done without reference
to race or color.
3. The Dallas County leadership of both
political parties. All these leaders have en-
couraged voter participation of all races, and
they have endorsed the candidacy of Negroes
as nominees of both parties to the State leg-
islature in the forthcoming elections.
4. The Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Through the years they have enjoyed world
renown as the most respected such organi-
zation in the world. If the duties of the
Bureau are to be reduced to such muckrak-
ing, then the present high caliber personnel
will neither be needed, nor be retained.
As a citizen, and as a public official, I wel-
come any legitimate investigation, but I defi-
nitely question the motives behind this one.
When has It been the practice of the FBI to
publicize and signal its intention to conduct
an investigation on all subjects? Publica-
tion of such intent 18 an indictment, per se.
In the eyes of the general public.
In closing, let me express the hope that
this decision was the brainchild of an un-
qualified underling, and that clarification,
and apology, will be forthcoming from your
office.
Respectfully yours,
EARLE CABELL,
Member of Congress.
FREEDOM'S BEACON
(Mr. PRICE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks and include an editorial.)
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, the Chi-
cago Daily News points out in a recent
editorial:
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4638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March 3, 1966
In one of his most eloquent speeches,
President Johnson answered 10 questions
still being asked about Vietnam, within the
broad context of. freedom and what freedom
means.
It goes on to say:
Whet emerged was not only a clearer defini-
tion of the self-imposed limits operative in
eentheast Asia, but a clearer vision of Amer-
ican aspirations and the guidelines for world
leadership as the President sees them.
The paper believes that:
Surely freedom is at the heart of the
struggle in Vietnam and no less involved in
the great issues of race, religion, and politics
that suffuse both the domestic and the in-
ternational scene. And freedom was and is
the beacon that the United States has held
aloft for the world.
The aopraisal given by the Chicago
Daily News will be of interest to others,
and because many will want to read the
editorial in its entirety I herewith offer
it for publication in the RECORD:
011E1MOM'S ilsemon
The critics of the administration's Viet-
nam policy?the hawks and the doves and
the dawks---have all had their turns at peck-
ing In recent days. Wednesday night came
the turn of the man who alone bears the
burden of final decision.
In one of hie most eloquent speeches,
President Johnson answered 10 questions
still being asked about Vietnam, within the
broad context of freedom and what freedom
means. What emerged was not only a
clearer definition of the self-imposed limits
operative in southeast Asia, but a clearer
vision of American aspirations and the guide-
Mies for world leadership as the President
sees them.
For the doves, Mr. Johnson had reassor-
aoce that the United States is not "caught
in a blind escalation of force that is pulling
us headlong toward a wider war." For the
hawks, he had the promise that aggression
will continue to be opposed by whatever
Mille is required to stop it. POT the govern-
ment in Hanoi, he had a warning that free
discussion in a free nation means neither
weakness nor indecision:
"We are united in our commitment to free
eiscrission. So also we are united in our de-
termination that no foe anywhere should
mistake our arguments for indecision----or
our debates for weakness."
But in addressing Freedom House and ac-
cepting its award, the President also took the
occasion to reevaluate and expand a vision
or a quarter-century ago. Harking back to
Franklin D. Roosevelt's "four freedoms," he
noted the considerable progress America has
made toward achieving the goals of freedom
from want end fear, and preserving freedom
pa speech and worship.
Then, to the original four, he added three
oil his; own: Freedom to learn? freedom to
grow, freedom to hope.
fdke his idol, President Roosevelt, Lyndon
Johnson put his "freedoms" in a global set-
ting, not as goals merely for Americans, but
for al/ mankind. There is, in this declara-
tims an extension of a pattern that has been
evolving In Mr. Johnson's recent messages on
foreign policy and foreign aid, and especially
in his emphasis on the civilian aspects of the
at 711ggle in Vietnam.
Some may see the emerging pattern as an
attempt to export the Great Society before
WP have made adequate progress in building
It here. Others may gee it as unconscionable
meddling or a meaningless mixture of corn
and polities. Still others may view it as un-
bridled idealism?lovely to look at but with-
out substance.
There may indeed be some or all of these
elements in Mr. Johnson's vision of freedom
11/r4q, 11111
in a world that has too little of it. Yet
surely freedom is at the heart of the struggle
in Vietnam and no less involved in the great
issues of race, religion, and politics that sUf-
fuse both the domestic and the international
scene. And freedom was and is the beacon
that the United States has held aloft for the
world.
Perha.ps the world will understand us a
little better because of what Mr. Johnson
said Wednesday night and see us for what
we a .e ? a nation striving in as; imperfect way
to k ndle the aspirations of mankind and
lead- -or at least point?the way toward a
better life in a freer world.
LEGISLATION TO REGULATE COM-
MUNITY ANTENNA SYSTEMS
(Ma. STAGGERS asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute, to revise and extend
his remarks, and to include pertinent
material.)
Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, I am
introducing today a bill which has been
submitted by the Federal Communica-
tions Commission which would authorize
the Commission to issue lines and regur
lotions with respect to community an-
tenna systems. This bill has been sub-
mitted to the Congress in accordance
with the Commission's earlier statement
that it would recommend legislation in
this urea.
Mr. Speaker? in order th advise the
Members of the House and the public
in general of the reasons which moved
the Commission to submit this particular
bill, I am including in the Roo:me at this
point the text of the bill, an explanation
of the bill submitted by the Commission,
and a letter from Chairman Henry ad-
dressed to me in connection with this
legisl tion:
H.R. 13286
A bill ,o amend the Communications Act of
1934 to authorize the Federal Communica-
tions Commission to issue rules and regu-
latio.is with respect so community antenna
systtnas, and for other purposes
Be it enacted by time Senat,! and House
of Rep, esentatives of the United States of
Americo. in Congress assembled, That sec-
tion 3 of the Communications Act of 1934
(47 U.S.C. 153) is amended by molding at the
end t.lmreof the following new subsection:
"(gg) 'Community antenna ss stern' means
any faeilitsr which, in whole or in part, re-
ceives eirectly or indirectly over the air and
amplifies or otherwise modifies the signals
transmitting programs broadcast by one or
more broadcast sta thane and distributes such
signals by wire or cable to subscribing mem-
bers of the public who pay for such service."
SEC. 2 Part I of title III of the Communi-
cations Act of 1931 is amended by adding
at the eaci thereof the fallowing new section:
0111/NAINITY AN/ ENNA SYSTEMS
"SEC. 331. (a) The Commission shall, as
the public interest, convenience er necessity
requires. have authority?
"(1) to issue orders, make rill( s and regu-
lations, and prescribe such conditions or re-
strictions with respect to the construction,
technical characteristics, and operation of
community antenna syetems, to the extent
necessary to carry out the purposes of this
Act, with due regard to both the establish-
ment anti maintenance of broadcast services
and the provision of multiple reception serv-
ices,;
'2 to make general rules exempting from
regulation, in whole or in part, community
antenna systems where it is determined that
such regulation is unnecessary because of
the size or nature of the systems so ex-
empted.
"(b) No community antenna system shall
transmit over its system any program or
other material Other than that which it has
received directly or indirectly over the air
from a broadcast station, exeept that the
Commission may, upon an express finding
that it would serve the public interest, au-
thorize by general rule limit ed exceptions
to permit such transmissions without any
additional charge to subscribers. .
"(c) Nothing in this Act or any regula-
tion promulgated hereunder shall preclude
or supersede legislation relating to, or reg-
ulation of, community antenna, systems by
or under the authority of any State or Ter-
ritory, the District of Columbia, the Com-
monwealth of Puerto Rico or any possession
of the United States except to the extent of
direct conflict with the provisions of this
Act or regulations promulgated hereunder."
EXPLANATION OF PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO
THE COMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1934, AS
AMENDED, CONCERNING REGULATION OF COM-
MUNITY ANTENNA SYSTEMS
These proposals for amendments to the
Communications Act are submitted pursuant
to the Commission's determination, an-
nounced in its public notice of February 15,
1966, that it would make the following rec-
ommendations for legislation to the Con-
gress:
(a) Clarification and confirmition of FCC
jurisdiction over CATV ,systems generally,
along with such spechic provisions as are
deemed apprtmriate.
(b) Prohibition of the originetion of pro-
gram or other material by a CATV system
with such limitations or exceptions, if any,
as are deemed appropriate.
(c) Consideration of whether, to what ex-
tent, and under what circunisi slices CATV
systems should be required to obtain the
consent of the originating broadcast station
for the retransmission of the signal by the
CATV system.
(d) Consideration of whether CATV sys-
tems should or should not be deemed public
utilities. In this connection, Congress will be
asked to consider the appropriate relation-
ship of Federal to State-local jurisdiction in
the CATV field, with particular reference to
initial franchising, rate regulation, and ex-
tension of service.
The Commission has determined that it
has jurisdiction over all CATV systems, and
it has asserted that jurisdiction to the extent
necessary to carry out the announced regu-
latory program. However, given the im-
portance of CATV, we believe it highly desir-
able that Congress amend the Communica-
tions Act to confirm that jurisdiction and to
establish such basic national piney as it
deems appropriate.
The proposed new subsection :3(h) of the
Communications Act broadly defines a "com-
munity antenna system" to include any
which receives broadcast signals over
the air , and distributes them by means of
wire or cable to subscribing members of the
public. While the definition is all-inclusive,
we believe it is unnecessary to impose regu-
lations on all systems. Therefore, the pro-
posed new section 331(a) (2) would empower
the Commission to exempt from regulation,
by general rule, systems, which. because of
1 Both radio and television signals are in-
cluded. While we are aware of no commu-
nity antenna system which now distributes
only radio signals, some systems do distribute
signals from both radio and television broad-
cast stations.
2 This would include signals received direct-
ly off the air from a broadcast station, as
well as those broadcast and then relayed by
means of a microwave relay system.
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"But," asks the Camp Parks director, "what
is the cost going to be if we oontinuq to
neglect this problem?"
A Sellout Coming in Vietnam?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 3, 1966
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, is a
shapeup for the sellout gaining mo-
mentum? I bring to the attention of my
colleagues a column which appeared in
the Miami Herald, which indicates that
the Johnson administration is thinking
more and more in terms of negotiating
any kind of peace to get us out of the
Vietnam war.
Peace with honor was once the by-
word of this Nation. We have made vast
commitments of men and materials to
Vietnam. Has our conduct of military
operations been so misguided that we
are now on the verge of admitting
defeat?
I suggest that my colleagues read this
thoughtful analysis of our present po-
sition in Vietnam. A text of the column
follows:
A MODERATE FonzszEs DEFEAT FOR OUR
VIETNAM EFFORTS
(By Edwin A. Lahey)
WAsHnicrox.?A friend who is a U.S.
Senator made an observation the other
evening that seemed to be the most signifi-
cant thing I've heard about the Vietnam
crisis in some time.
This Senator expressed the belief that
President Johnson, if and when it became
necessary, could take to the television and
convince the citizens of this country that
they had to accept humiliation and a failure
of mission in South Vietnam.
This comes from a thoughtful and
troubled man, who has been neither an ap-
peaser nor a bombardier in his public
utterances. The importance of his words
lies in the implication that the middle
ground Members of Congress, and perhaps
the bewildered citizens of the Nation, are
getting ready for the excruciating experience
of throwing in the towel.
It is difficult to believe that a President
could do this and get away with it politi-
cally. Johnson would be torn to _shreds as
an appeaser. And the Democrats would have
a terrible monkey on their back in the 1966
campaign.
But we did it in Korea. Once the military
caskets began showing up in the United
States in fearsome numbers, it became possi-
ble to negotiate a truce which after 16 years
is most precarious.
Facing the reality of a failure of mission
will be all the more difficult because of the
propaganda that the White House, the
Pentagon, and the Department of State have
fed the people these many years about our
commitment in South Vietnam.
Despite all - the hopeful predictions,
despite all the increased bombing pressure,
the grim reality of Vietnam control of much
of South Vietnam continues to stare at us
as the big fact of the war out there.
And, they may have to face up to the
problem in that we cannot negotiate a peace
unless we talk with the guerrillas who have
been dug in all the time. In effect, we will
have to negotiate with burglars who have
taken over the upper floors of the house.
The first day we negotiate with the Viet-
cong we repudiate the government in. Saigon,
and they go clown the drain. After all the
months and years of mish-mash that we have
been "defending freedom," out in South
Vietnam, the repudiation of our wards in
Saigon will come as a pretty tough blow.
But when moderate men are speaking
privately of President Johnson's ability to
make the American people accept the hu-
miliation of defeat, it may be later than they
think over in the Pentagon.
Additional Federal Judges and Districts
SPEECH
OF
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
The House in Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union had under
consideration the bill (IL Res. 734) provid-
ing for consideration of S. 1666, a bill to
provide for the appointment of additional
circuit and district judges, and for other
purposes.
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Chairman, I strong-
ly support S. 1066, to provide additional
district and circuit judges.
In the eastern district of Wisconsin?
which encompasses territory with about
two-thirds of the State's population, its
highest growth rates, and its chief cen-
ters of industry and commerce?there
has long been a need for additional ju-
dicial manpower.
As of June 30, 1963, 11.6 percent of the
pending cases ready for trial in the east-
ern district of Wisconsin were more than
3 years old. For the Nation the figure
was only 8.4 percent.
At that time, the median period from
filing to disposition of cases was 29
months in the eastern district of Wis-
consin and only 16 months on the aver-
age across the Nation.
Litigation was being seriously delayed
and this was of great concern to all who
recognize the validity of the maxim that
justice delayed is frequently justice de-
nied.
In October, 1963, I introduced legis-
lation to provide a third Federal judge
In the eastern district of Wisconsin. The
bill was referred to the Judicial Con-
ference which in March, 1965 recom-
mended an additional judge for the east-
ern district of Wisconsin, on a temporary
basis.
The Judicial Conference's recommen-
dation is included in the excellent leg-
islation before us today.
The passage of this bill and the ap-
pointment of an additional judge of the
eastern district of Wisconsin will pro-
vide for the elimination of the large
backlog of pending cases and will sub-
stantially improve the administration of
justice in that district. It will alleviate
the very heavy burden on our present
Judges, Robert E. Tehan and John Rey-
nolds.
My only regret is that the judgeship
for Wisconsin will be temporary.
With the bar of the eastern district
of Wisconsin, I believe that Wisconsin's
eastern district already needs three
permanent judgeships. If this need is
not yet clear?as the Judicial Conference
and the Judiciary Committee appear to
believe?surely the eastern district of
Wisconsin is on the brink of having a
continuing workload that would fully
justify three permanent judgeships.
As the judicial business of the district
continues to grow, I hope that Congress
will make the third judgeship perma-
nent.
Our Presence in South Vietnam
IN) SPEECH
or
HON. JOHN BUCHANAN
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 1, 1966
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
Alabama [Mr. BUCHANAN] is recognized
for 60 minutes.
(Mr. BUCHANAN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re- .
marks, and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, for
some weeks now debate has raged and
many questions have been asked con-
cerning the rightness of our presence in
South Vietnam and the rightness or
wrongness of the way in which we are
conducting our mission there.
It was my privilege, within the past
two weeks to visit southeast Asia on the
occasion of the Lincoln Day recess. I
felt there could be no more appropriate
way to spend it than with our troops who
are fighting for human freedom in South
Vietnam. So it was I spent 6 'days in
the field, observing our men, what they
are doing, and how they are doing it.
This trip was not made at Government
expense, but was financed by friends in
my district, and it had a rather special
purpose.
BIR1VIINGIIAM'S ADOPTION OF 1ST INFANTRY
Back in January I informed the House
that during the fall recess my city had
adopted the 1st Infantry Division. We
did so as a sign of our support for the
men in Vietnam, for our soldiers, and
for what they were attempting to 'do
there. This idea was first conceived by
retired Brig. Gen. Edward M. Friend, Jr.
It was a good choice.
The Big Red One is this country's old-
est division, and has an outstanding and
much-decorated history. It was first to
shed American blood in France in World
War I, and it was the first to land in
North Africa in World War II. It spear-
headed the conquest of Sicily; it stormed
across Omaha Beach in the D-day as-
sault at Normandy, and was first to be in
Germany. It was the first infantry di-
vision to sweep across the line into
Czechoslovakia, the farthest advance of
'U.S. troops in World War II. The 1st
Division is now distinguishing itself in
the battle for the freedom of the people
of Vietnam. It was my pleasure to go as
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A1174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX March /966
the people's representative to tell these
fghting men of our support for them
and our pride in them.
Mr. Speaker, the idea of this adoption
became a reality when the mayor of the
city of Birmingham, the president of
the county commission, the Birming-
ham Chamber of Commerce, the Bir-
mingham News, and others, got together
to organize a coordinated council of dis-
tinguished citizens. It was fulfilled by
the overwhelming support of the people
foe Birmingham. In this plan, particular
civic groups and other organizations are
serving as sponsoring or adopting units
For particular units of the let Division.
While there have been many letters,
Christmas gifts sent, and so forth, to
individual soldiers by sponsoring groups,
the primary emphasis has been on joint
Projects for the benefit of the Vietnamese
people in the III Corps area. For ex-
ample, the Birmingham Retail Druggists
Aasociation has donated medicines and
supplies for use in dispensaries set up by
the 1st Division for citizens of hamlets
and villages there_ Many hundreds of
ptople are receiving medical help here-
tofore not available from any source in
this way. Berry. High School in Bir-
mingham has adopted an orphanage.
The list of such activities goes on and on.
At the kickoff of this project, Sgt. Maj.
Bill Woolridge of the 1st Division.
came to Birmingham to represent the Big
Red One. He promptly won the hearts
of our city for himself and for his divis-
ion. Later. the Birmingham News sent
two representatives, All Van Hoose, cor-
respondent, and Tony Faletta, photog-
rapher, to cover the 1st Infantry's
operation and to provide the communica-
tions necessary to maintain the relation-
ship. These two fine ambassadors for
Birmingham accompanied me through-
out my tour in Vietnam.
yEsTTONS NEEDING ANSWERS
There was a second reason for my
visit. I have many constituents arid
sons of constituents who are engaged in
the Vietnamese action, and I have per-
sonally written too many letters to the
parents and to the wives of servicemen
who have given their last full measure of
devotion for the freedom of southeast
Asia.
enerefore, in my own mind, as I know
ha:; been the case with many Members,
there were questions: Is what we are
doing in Vietnam necessary? Are we
doing it right? Can we succeed in our
mission? How is the morale of our
troops? Are they adequately trained?
And are they adequately supplied?
'l'o seek out the answers, spent 2
days in the field with the 1st Infantry,
touching all its units and operations,
then the balance of my time touring from
the engineering miracle of Cam Rhan
Bay to the Marine's domain in Da Nang
ana the far north; touching all our major
Forces, plus the crack Republic of Korea
Tiger Division; visiting the "golf course"'
at Ankhe and spending the night on
America's nuclear-powered Enterprise,
witli its awesome striking power.
came back encouraged and inspired
by what I found in Vietnam. There has
never been a more classic case of good
versus evil, light versus darkness, free-
dom versus tyranny than the struggle
in which vie are now engaged. Nor has
America ever produced ? finer soldiers
than the officers and men of the Military
Assistance Command, Vietnam.
Our forces are in large part made up
of and led by regulars, fine professional
American soldiers. Yet there are also
represented young draftees and volun-
teers, taken away from a life here which
had every reason to make them soft
at an age in which they could not be
expected to yet be men. To all the
doubters of the strength or virtue of this
Nation's youth I must report that these
magnificent young Americans who are
fighting in Vietnam are their Nation's
crowning glory. They are not soft and
they are fully men. They are the finest
soldiers a great military tradition has
yet produced. From where I ;s;tand, they
look 10 feet tall.
Typical was a young man E met in a
field hospital who could not have been
more than 20?blond hair, young face,
young-old eyes and a fine, muocular body
minus one leg, lost to a Vietcoeg mine.
He said:
It's all :right, sir. I know whs I've been
fighting for.
This conviction was repeated by every
American. I met in Vietnam. Would
God the Congress?all the Congress?
could know as well.
IS VIETNAM I ECESSARY
Is such a costly action as this really
necessaey? In answer, we =et face two
great giim realities about southeast Asia
in our time.
The first is the fact?the reality of
Communist aggression?the aggressive
acts of a tyranny which would impose
its iron :rule upon the people of all
southeast Asia if it were permitted to do
so. In Vietnam we face the present and
continuing aggression on the part of
North Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh that
is continuing every week of every month
at this time. But it is not only a present
aggression, an aggression we are sworn
to act against and committed to act
against. It is also a longrun aggression.
Ho Chi Minh has been working for 20
years to establish his rule in Vietnam.
The infiltration of subversion and the
terrorism in South Vietnam sponsored
from the north?these things have gone
on not for months but for years and be-
cause for years he has been working to
infiltrate and to subvert and to capture
control of South Vietnam and of its
people, the Communists of the Vietcong
are thoroughly woven into the fabric of
the society of the Republic of Vietnam.
They are deeply entrenched. They are
interwoven into the whole life of the
society.
They are imbedded and they are in a
position :30 intermingled with the rest of
the people of South Vietnam that their
removal is a slow and painful and step-
by-step process. This lon.grun aggres-
sion makes of this present action in
Vietnam a unique kind of warfare in our
history in which we are combating not
only the regular troops in the field,
where we can find them and get them to
face us, but in which we are struggling
against a very insidious kind of guer-
rilla wart are.
A REIGN OF FORCE AND EL AR
The reign of the Vietcong where they
do have power and influence is not one
of the love of peace or democracy, it is
gangster government. It can beat be
compared to the influence and PUa of:- of
the Cosa Nostra?the underworld?an
this country. Sixty-five percent of their
actions are criminal rather than mill-
tary?crime..ss against people.
The idea that there is any desire on
the part of the Vietnamese people for the
kind of goverrunent which regularly be-
heads those who disagree with it and
which regularly uses as its methods,
murder, torture, and terrorism and
which rules by force and fear is ridicu-
lous in the extreme. The benefit to the
people involved in permitting VC con-
trol of or participation in government is
approximately equal to letting the under.
worldtake over the government of Chi-
cago, or advocating that Bogaloosa,
be run by the Ku Klux Klan.
Mr. Speaker, the people of Vietnam are
enduring a terrible kind of tyranny and
persecution at the hands of the Vietcong.
The aggression being committed in
southeast Asia is a brutal and tyrannical
aggression. There is nothing pretty
about it. There is nothing in it that
either conservatives or liberals in this
country could reasonably defend. This
rule of force and fear has been imposed
upon large numbers of people in the Re-
public of Vietnam and has been sustained
by terrorism. This is the first grim fact
about southeast Asia.
We see in Vietnam Communist aggres-
sion which, if left unrepelled and un-
checked, which if we bow before it and
surrender, will extend to nation after
nation until the millions of Asia are liv-
ing under the dark night of tyranny.
This is the grim threat not only of the
North Vietnamese but of the Red Chi-
nese aggression--the dark night of com-
munism which threatens all of southeast
Asia is the first great reality that we naist
face.
THE NEED
The second is the poverty of Asia.
Americans are not prepared to see the
poverty which fills Asia, and Vietnam is
no exception. The condition of the peo-
ple stands in marked contrast to the star-
tling beauty of the land. Poverty, dis-
ease, illiteracy are everywhere.
It is a wonderful thing that here in
these United States where we have to
search out the people to be the recipients
of our poverty program and apparently
have to use great dilligence to find these
persons. But the fact is one does not
have to look in Vietnam.
One does not have to go anywhere at
all to find poverty, disease, and illiteracy
running rampant. It is unfortunate to
have to say so but we were not left a
very pretty legacy by the French. The
citizens of Vietnam have been subject.
peoples most of the time for hundreds
of years, and for 70 years they were
under the control of the French.
Yet, when we see the legacy left us
and to the Government of the Republic
of Vietnam, we see a country in which
there are virtually no public schools. We.
see one in which various epidemics run
rampant, and disease is everywhere, one
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPEN
in which there is no kind of public health
program, one in which there is great pov-
erty and no little hunger.
We see one hi which there is one hos-
pital per province, and these poor by our
star dartir:? There are only 100 doctors
in the land and most of these are in-
accessible to the people. American mili-
tary medics, AID people, and private
agencies have become literally the differ-
ence between sickness and health?and
even life and death?for countless citi-
zens of this nation.
So if we ask ourselves is it necessary
for us to do what we are doing in Viet-
nam, we need to answer that question in
the light of Communist aggression, which
left unchecked, could threaten the free-
dom of all Asia and, indeed, all the
world.
We must also answer recognizing the
poverty of Asia and the need of the peo-
ple for a life that is blessed with liberty,
with human dignity, and with some op-
portunity for economic, medical, and
agricultural advancement.
OUR COMMITMENT
We must also look at our solemn com-
mitments. Everything we are doing is
in line with our commitments as a mem-
ber of SEATO and our specific commit-
ments to the Republic of Vietnam.
Those are solemn contracts of this
Government which must be solemnly ful-
filled.
THE INVESTMENT
We must look at what we are doing
in the light of our investment in south-
east Asia. We have invested not only
millions of dollars economically, but also
that which is most precious in our land.
Some of us for the first time voted the
other day for an aid bill to provide eco-
nomic assistance to the people of south-
east Asia.
The House of Representatives over-
whelmingly voted for that bill and for
the bill this day, not only in the fulfill-
ment of our commitment, but as a sign
of our willingness to make whatever
further investment is necessary to ful-
fill our mission there. And well we
should, for we have invested our young
men in Asia, and any other investment
pales to insignificance in the face of their
sacrifice.
During my visit to the 1st Infantry,
I talked to a certain young soldier. He
and another American had for some time
been helping the people in a nearby Viet-
namese village build a school for their
children. Having worked for several
weeks without incident, they had relaxed
their guard a bit and had set down their
weapons a little too far away. Suddenly
a group of Vietcong appeared from hid-
ing, grabbed the rifles, fired at the Amer-
icans, and ran away. One soldier was
wounded, his buddy killed. This
wounded soldier had requested to return
to complete the project as soon as his
'wounds permitted. "The school is not
finished yet," he explained, "and besides,
now I have got an investment." Amer-7
lea's job is not finished yet, either, in
Vietnam. And our investment is too
great to turn back now.
THE ALTERNATIVE
Is it necessary to stay in Vietnam?
Let us answer in terms of the future
freedom and safety of all the world, be-
cause this, too, is at stake. The domino
theory is not inaccurate, for if the ty-
rant sees he can succeed by aggression
and by extending his tyranny, he will
continue by force to so extend it, and he
must be stopped still here and now.
THE MORAL QUESTION
Are we doing right in southeast Asia?
There are the doves who say that we
have no moral right to be doing what
we are doing, and we ought to seek im-
mediate negotiations and not do any-
thing that might be interpreted as esca-
lation of the war, that we are the ag-
gressors, and we are the ones who are
immoral.
What are we doing, and are we doing
it right? It seems" to me that in re-
sponse to the doubters of our land we
need to recognize very fully and very
firmly that the President has gone the
second mile and has turned the other
cheek in his attempt to find the road to
peace. He has sought negotiations con-
sistently for a long period of time. He
has explored through his own efforts and
those of the Vice President, the Am-
bassador to the United Nations, the
Secretary of State and others every ave-
nue that might lead toward negotiations
and toward peace.
He declared a cessation in the fighting,
two holiday periods. He declared a ces-
sation in the bombing. He has persist-
ently sought the pathway to peace, to
negotiation. And consistently Hanoi
and Peiping have jeered at those efforts,
and rejected them. They have rather
used those times of unilateral peace
moves on our part as times of reorgani-
zation, entrenchment, increasing sup-
plies and men into South Vietnam as
times of increased aggressive action.
Mr. Speaker, once, when I was a 10-
year-old boy, the lesson in Sunday School
one Sunday morning made a great im-
pression on me. For some weeks another
boy who lived two doors from my home
and I had had a series of fist-fights al-
most every day over events that would
develop. The Sunday School teacher
said:
One should turn the other cheek arid go
the second mile.
Being thereby converted, I told my
friend the next morning that no matter
what he did, my response would be to
turn the other cheek and not fight back.
He became delighted at the idea. He hit
me on one cheek, I turned the other, and
he hit me on that one, too. While I did
not completely lose my religion, it
seemed I had run out of cheeks to turn,
and it became necessary for me to enter
into fisticuffs with him to attempt to
teach him to respect other people's
religion.
It seems to me that we have gone well
past the second mile and we have turned
all the checks that there are to turn in
seeking the way to peace and to negotia-
tion, and the enemy has used these to his
consistent advantage and has con-
sistently rejected our overtures of peace.
Consequently, it seems that the only
thing we can do under such circum-
stances is to do everything in our power
to render the aggressor incapable of
further aggression, to stop his present
and continuing aggression, and to do all
we can to demonstrate to him with all
the force at our command the foolish-
ness, the folly, of trying to get those who
are firmly determined to stand for
freedom and for human dignity to bow
before tyranny and to accept his aggres-
sion without responding with great force
and with unaltering firmness. Such a
course seems the most likely way to bring
the present conflict to an early and
honorable conclusion. There are times
when a big stick brought down with vigor
upon the head of a bully is the most
effective instrument of peace.
STRIKING AT THE SOURCE
I would say this would include step-
ping up the bombing of strategic targets,
cutting supply lines, cutting the flow of
North Vietnamese troops into South
Vietnam in every way possible, increas-
ing sanctions against those who are sup-
plying North Vietnam, and doing any-
thing and everything reasonably pos-
sible to stop the aggression there at its
Source.
PACIFICATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
There is a second task. Even if we
step up the bombing of strategic targets,
even if we close the harbors, even if we
use strong enough sanctions against
other nations so that they do stop sup-
plying the Vietcong?he receives supplies
from many places, though Red China is
the primary source of supply?we must,
nevertheless, do a second job, which is a
job of step-by-step pacification and re-
construction in South Vietnam, in the
Republic of Vietnam.
It is an oversimplification to feel that
we can step up our activities against the
north, against Ho Chi Minh, and that, in
6 months or a very short period of time,
by escalating our own conduct of the
war, we can bring this situation to a suc-
cessful conclusion. The fact is that be-
cause of the long-term aggression of Ho
Chi Minh and of the Communists in
Vietnam, this is not enough. The only
kind of action which can possibly secure
the land, which can possibly put the
country into a condition under which
there can be such a thing as free elec-
tions, such a thing as self-determination,
is action to release the people from the
rule of terror and the reign of fear of the
Vietcong within South Vietnam.
Our troops, in cooperation with the
Republic of Vietnam, are conducting a
step-by-step pacification and reconstruc-
tion program. They are going out to
clear given areas of the Vietcong, and
they are moving in to convince the peo-
ple of those areas that we can protect
them from the one who holds his gun
to their heads. If elections were held
all over South Vietnam now, in those
areas where he has influence and power,
he would respond with murder to any
who opposed him.
We must, as we are doing now, seek
out the hidden enemy. He is hidden and
entrenched as a guerrilla. For example,
tunnels have been found that have been
as long as 2 miles, and six layers deep.
Also he dissolves into the populace. Be-
cause people fear him, they do not
always readily identify him, until they
are sure we can provide them security
from his reprisal.
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We must, therefore, convince the peo-
ple that this enemy. who dissolves himself
into the civilian population, and who
remains unidentified, because of the fear
the people have of him, is one from whom
we can and will protect them.
In the second place, we must convince
them that we are their friends. Re-
grettably, one of the propaganda instru-
ments the Vietcong have used rather
electively against the Americans has
been to compare them to the French, by
saying, "They are here to rule, to exploit."
The French soldiers in many instances
were mercenaries. They were fighting
for pay and for the loot they could take,
and their record was not always what
it should have been. The French rule
did not accomplish for the people of
Vietnam what might have been accom-
plished by more humane and enlightened
Therefore, we must overcome this and
other forms of propaganda against our
traops. We must persuade the people
that we are their friends, that we can
pi otect them and that we want to help
them.
Mr. Speaker, everywhere I went I was
greatly impressed by the understanding
of this phase of our mission possessed by
our troops. They understood they had
a Jnilitary mission to meet the enemy on
the field, as regular troops. When this
has been done they have made a mar-
velous record and have totally defeated
the enemy.
They also understand that they have
to search out the guerrilla forces, which
Is a step-by-step as well as a dangerous
and time-consuming occupation, requir-
ing many troops. They are doing this
and doing it well.
llut a civic action phase of our mission
goes hand-in-hand with the military
program. We are helping to demon-
strate concretely our friendship for the
people of Vietnam, our desire to help
rather than to rule them. by helping
them te construct roads and schools and
churches. We are helping them to meet
their medical needs by setting up dis-
pensaries all across the land, and are
conducting a variety of other programs
of civic action, all in cooperation with
the Government of the Republic of Viet-
nam. This is being done in cooperation
also with our AID people and our private
civilian agencies, and it is being con-
ducted in many instances by our military
Personnel.
Tee aREAT HUMANITARIANS
Our men are demonstrating once more
For the world to see that GI Joe is the
world's greatest humanitarian. Their
understanding of this part of their mis-
sion and its necessity and the way they
are performing it is an inspiration to be-
hold. These men understand that they
must win the friendship of the Viet-
namese people, and they are doing so. It
is anparent to anyone.
The fine young officer assigned to es-
cort me was Capt. Bert H. Custer, a West
Pointer, a fine soldier, a good example
of the kind of fine professional that we
have at every level of leadership in Viet-
nam. His easy but firmly disciplined re-
lationship with both senior officers and
enlisted men was matched by his rapport
with the people of Vietnam. He has
been a fine fighting soldier as well as hav-
ing the kind of finesse and patience nec-
essary to serve as a congressional escort.
On the day of my departure from Viet-
nam, he and I went to visit an orphanage
in Saigon. This orphanage was one that
Dr. Tom Dooley had helped begin.
When .we entered the grounds little Viet-
namese children swarmed around us and
surrounded us. They lifted their arms
to us with their faces lighted in smiles.
In the wisdom of their innocent hearts
they knew that Americans were the good
guys.
Those tough combat soldiers who had
come into Saigon for an evening and
taken a. little group of orphan children to
the zoo and who had hearts as big as all
outdoors?the children knew them to be
their friends, and so did the people in the
villages and the hamlets.
When people have had sick children for
many months, and the Americans have
come in to provide medical care to help
heal their children, such peoiale under-
stand that we have come in Friendship.
As they understand they begin to have
confidence in us and in their Govern-
ment, which Government looks more
hopeful than any we have seen for some
time in Vietnam. They are beginning to
warm up to us and to gain courage to
identify the hidden enemy in their midst,
the local Vietcong, so that the Govern-
ment of the Republic of Vietnam can deal
with these enemies.
Now, this step-by-step part of suc-
ceeding in our mission will take time and
will take troops. This will require firm-
ness of purpose; it will require patience
at home: but unless we do this to free
and liberate the people of the Republic
of Vietnam from the power and influence
of this long-term aggression of the Viet-
cong, and unless we stand firm until we
do this, we cannot succeed in our mis-
sion in Asia.
CAN WE WIN IN VIETNAM?
This brings me to another question;
namely, Can we succeed? May I say that
I have never seen anything quite match-
ing the high morale of our troops in
Vietnam. These men, everywhere I
went, wounded men, generals and pri-
vates, men in the hottest spots in Viet-
nam, and everywhere in that area, uni-
versally reflected high dedication match-
ed by understanding of and an unshak-
able faith in the rightness of their mis-
sion. They also demonstrated the con-
fidence and conviction that they were
going to succeed in their assignment in
Vietnam. Their morale was as high as
I have seen anywhere.
LEADERSHIP
We shall succeed in Vietnam because
these men who would match any soldiers
that this country has ever fielded in any
of its wars, and we will succeed in this
mission because we have great military
leadership. The men who are leading
the combat there in this supporting role
of ours read like a roll of honor. First
among them, of course, is Gen. Wil-
liam Westmoreland, who is a gifted mili-
tary general and who has also a gift for
understanding the delicate political and
diplomatic phases cif his mission. He re-
spects his supporting role in the Repub-
lic of Vietnam and remains in that role,
but he manages to lead magnificently
from that position.
I found confidence, unshakable con-
fidence, in General Westrnorehett on the
part of every man under his command as
well as on the part of the Vietnamese
everywhere. This man has done nothing
less than a magnificent job of leadership,
and we owe him a debt of great gratitude.
Such was also the case with each of his
field commanders.
Gen. Jonathan 0. Seeman, who is com-
manding officer of the 1st Infantry Divi-
sion, with which I spent much of my
time, is the finest kind of military leader.
High quality marks the leadership of the
1st Cavalry, the Air Force, the Navy.
Nor could any military force boast great-
er leadership than that of General Walt
with whom some of us were privileged to
meet this day. The Marines under his
command are living up to the highest
traditions of their corps. Everywhere
one goes in Vietnam, one is impressed
with the high caliber of both of beers and
men.
General Westmoreland gives to every
man who becomes a part of the U.S.
Armed Forces in Vietnam. nine rules for
personnel to follow.
Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
to include them in the RECORD at this
point.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
KREBS). Is there objection to the re-
quest of the gentleman from Alabama?
There was no objection.
The matter referred to follows:
NINE RULES FOR PERSONNEL OF U.S. MILITARY
ASSISTANCE COMMAND, VIETNAM
The Vietnamese have paid a heavy price
in suffering for their long fight against the
Communists. We military men are in Viet-
nam 'now because their Government has
asked us to help its soldiers and people in
winning their struggle. The Vielcong will
attempt to turn the Vietname:;e people
against you. You can defeat theni at every
turn by the strength, understanding, and
generosity you display with the people. Here
are nine simple rules:
1. Remember we are guests here: We make
no demands and seek no special treatment.
2. Join with the people. Understand their
life, use phrases from their language and
honor their customs and laws.
3. Treat women with politeness and re-
spect.
4. Make personal friends among the sol-
diers and common people.
5. Always give the Vietnamese the right-
of-way.
6. Be alert to security and ready to react
with your military skill.
7. Don't attract attention by loud, rude
or unusual behavior.
8. Avoid separating yourself from the peo-
ple by a display of wealth or privilege.
9. Above all else you are members of the
"U.S. Military Forces on a difficult mission,
responsible for all your official and personal
actions. Reflect honor upon yourself and
the United States of America.
Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, these
rules are abided by, and our men are
following them and following them well.
MOBILITY AND FIREPOWER
We shall win because we have superior
mobility and firepower. This is being
used with increasing effectiveness to rout
the Vietcong. There has never been
more extensive use of air transportation
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and air support, from helicopters to
bombers and from light reconnaissance
to heavy transport. Helicopters are used
with great flexibility and effectiveness?
transporting troops and supplies, rescu-
ing doe-ritd aviators and wounded men,
and flying Combat missions. Armed heli-
copters are proving of great value in this
operation. Artillery is being widely and
effectively used against Vietcong strong-
holds.
Ground-air support and bombing mis-
sions by Air Force, Marine, and Navy
jets are having a cumulative effect both
in casualties and in their demoralizing
effect upon the Vietcong. As our intelli-
gence improves, these become increas-
ingly effective. Skill and science, men
and morale, mobility and firepower are
being blended into a devastating combi-
nation which is playing havoc with the
enemy.
MEDICAL AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT
Mr. Speaker, the medical work we are
doing outstrips anything we have ever
done. We have stationary hospitals
which are in a central location. Since
the conflict is everywhere, and there are
not fixed battlelines, as in previous wars,
rather than having field hospitals which
normally follow the troops, helicopters
bring into this central location men who
have been wounded in battle. A doctor
there at one of the hospitals told me that
often within 30 minutes of the time a
man was wounded he had him in sur-
gery at that particular hospital. We
are losing almost no men who get to
the hospital and who have been wounded.
The ratio is extremely low. This work
has been outstanding.
We shall win because the men who are
there have had excellent training. They
are marvelously trained. They are
highly motivated. They understand
their mission. They ,have excellent
medical care. And they are well sup-
plied. In spite of the engineering and
logistical miracle required to move 150,-
000 troops into this little country with
no real port facilities, few roads, none of
them safe, and limited railway, persist-
ently interdicted by the Vietcong, and
then sustain those troops and support the
military actions of a highly mobile army,
this has been done. We are developing
the port facilities. We are moving the
supplies. I found no present shortages
anywhere I went, and I went almost
everywhere.
ROTATION POLICY
Mr. Speaker, another thing that means
a great deal to them is this: We have a
policy of rotating each man after 1 year.
While morale is of the highest, every man
there can tell you to the minute how
much time he has left on his tour and
on his mission. This is a system worth
maintaining.
A STABLE GOVERNMENT
Then, Mr. Speaker, we have the en-
couraging South Vietnamese progress.
This government is taking seriously the
need for reconstruction in order to meet
the needs of the people and is determined
to lead the way to abetter life for them.
This government is determined to suc-
cessfully complete its military operation.
It is committed to free elections as soon
as security is established. And it shows
signs of strength and stability that are
greatly encouraging to see.
Mr. Speaker, we have ano,ther encour-
aging factor, and that is the participa-
tion of the forces of the Republic of Ko-
rea. It was my privilege to visit the Tiger
Division and to see with my own eyes as
fine a group of fighting men as I have
seen anywhere. These men are the re-
flection of our earlier investment and
continuing investment in this part of
southeast Asia.
It was with particular interest that
I visited with this Republic of Korea di-
vision and saw its outstanding work, be-
cause the blood of my own family was
shed in Korea, for the people of south-
east Asia. Their devotion to freedom is
an inspiration to behold.
Mr. Speaker, this represents another
indication of the fact that what we are
doing is right, and that indeed we can
succeed. I believe we shall succeed, not
only because of our superior mobility and
firepower and magnificent leadership,
not only because of the high morale and
courage on the part of our troops doing
an outstanding job, not only because of
the new hope on the part of the South
Vietnamese Government, and the other
hopes that we see reflected in Korea and
in its people there, but I believe that we
shall win because in the last analysis, as
Abraham Lincoln said, "Right makes
might."
RIGHT MAKES MIGHT
We are on the side of truth and jus-
tice in Vietnam. The Communists mur-
der and steal and dismember and de-
stroy. We heal, and we help. They tax
away the people's rice. We take it away
from the Vietcong, and give it back to
the people. They tear down. We build
up. They terrorize. We make secure.
They enslave. We set free. There may
be those in the other body of this Con-
gress, and there may be those elsewhere,
who will question the rightness of what
we are 'doing in southeast Asia. But
there is no question on the part of our
military forces there. We are fighting
a battle to liberate a people from a tyr-
anny and from poverty and sickness. We
are fighting a battle to bring new hope
to the millions of Asians. We are fight-
ing the eternal battle for human free-
dom. This is perhaps the most crucial
battle of all in the modern history of
Asia. This can be the turning point, in-
troducing a new era of hope, of freedom,
of self-determination, of individual lib-
erty and human dignity for the people
of southeast Asia, or it can be the begin-
ning of the darkest night that Asia has
ever seen.
Mr. Speaker, there is much at stake in
Vietnam. We have invested much, be-
cause we have invested there our young
men. But we must not swerve in our
purpose. We must recognize the neces-
sity of victory for freedom and the dan-
ger of settling for anything less. Our
President must stand firm, and we must
stand firmly behind him.
THE SUPPORT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
Mr. Speaker, on the day on which I
left Saigon I had the privilege of visit-
ing with Mr. Mann of our AID program.
He made a suggestion which I am glad
to pass on to my colleagues. There are
some 43 provinces in Vietnam, each
roughly equivalent to a State. He recom-
mended that it might be a good idea if
each State in these United States
adopted a Province. I had told him about
my city's adoption of the 1st Infantry
Division, relating that since the men's
needs were met, other than the need for
the knowledge of our support, we had
agreed that what we could do best was
to work together on civic action pro-
grams to help the Vietnamese people of
the area of operation of the 1st Infantry
in Vietnam.
So we are doing so in a number of
concrete ways. I told him about it and
he said that he would like to see each
State of our Union adopt a Province
in South Vietnam. There is such tre-
mendous popular support for what we
are doing in southeast Asia.
There is a great desire on the part of
millions of Americans to demonstrate
how much they stand behind our troops,
and how much they believe in this battle
for human freedom. Here is a concrete
way to demonstrate that support and to
turn it into a constructive channel that
can help `us fulfill our mission and suc-
ceed therein.
NO TURNING BACK
There can be no turning back in
southeast Asia. The battle call is sound-
ed. The troops are in the field and
human freedom and human dignity and
all the things that all the years of Amer-
ican history stand for are at stake. If we
fail in our mission, we shall not only
fail the people of Vietnam but the people
of southeast Asia and not only the people
of southeast Asia but the hope for free-
dom for the people of all the world in
our time. If we fail, we shall have be-
trayed our own heritage and our OWR
future.
If we become weak and if we do not
stand firm, we shall betray everything
that America has stood for in all its
shining years. In our weakness and in
our failure, we shall become traitors to
our own destiny, and the Judas Iscariots
of a civilization.
We have no choice in southeast Asia
but the choice that was made by the
men of the Continental Army and by
Americans in each succeeding genera-
tion: That we will pay whatever price
is necessary that freedom might live in
our time.
John T. O'Rourke
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 3, 1966
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, with the
retirement of John T. O'Rourke this
week, the free press everywhere has lost
the active service of one of its most vig-
orous advocates. Mr. O'Rourke, the
editor of the Washington Daily News for
27 years, has been admired throughout
the ranks of journalism for his intelli-
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A1178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX March], 1966
gence, energies, and enthusiasm. I wish
to bring to the attention of Congress just
one of the many tributes to Mr. O'Rourke
and the fine tradition he has advanced,
:and insert in the RECORD at this point the
following editorial from the Washington
1.'ost, which has tilted many journalistic
lances with Mr. O'Rourke over the years:
AN EDITOR RETIRES
John T. O'Rourke was editor of the Wash-
Mgton Daily News for nearly 30 years and his
ii:Urement, ends an era in Washington jour-
'salient. The three decades in which he
reoved at the top of his profession were ex-
erting decades for Washington, for the coun-
fey, end tor the world. John O'Rourke en-
joyed the excitement and participated in the
life of his times with zest and enthusiasm.
He was in the best tradition of his craft,
TM was a good writer. He had a sharp nose
.for news_ He had a heart easily stirred by
misfortune and a temper easily roused by
injustice or wrongdoing. His mind was alert
LI developments in many fields?aviation,
act, and music were within the range of his
most intense interest.
For many years he has been a leading fig-
ure in the triter-American Press Association.
be is known and admired by editors through-
out Central America and South America. He
has labored to lift up the standards of his
peofession. He has struggled to increase
understanding among Americans North and
South. He has fought for a free press
throughout the hemisphere. His colleagues
to Washington cherish him as a friend and
^cspect him as a keen newspaper competitor.
Old Myth and New Reality
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
110N. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF U.I.INOIS
IN THE :HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
'1'/Dirsda2J, Al arch 3, 1966
Mr.. MICHEL Mr. Speaker, under
unanimous consent. I wish to include the
following editorial from the March 1,
1966, issue of the Peoria Journal Star:
SENATOR EDT. ERIGHT : "OLD MYTH AND NEW
REALTT
'rWO years ago Senator FUT, BRIGHT wrote a
hook called "Old Myths and New. Reali-
ct's look at some of the things be set
down then, coolly and soberly.
"It is diffieult to see how a negotiation.
under present military circumstances, could
lead to the termination of the war under
conditions that would preserve the free-
dom of South Vietnam. It is extremely dif-
ficult for a party to a negotiation to achieve
by diplomacy objectives which it has con-
epteuously failed to win by warfare. The
laid fact of the matter is that our bar-
gaining positron is at present a weak one,
and until the equation of advantages has
been substantially altered in our favor, there
can be little prospect for a negotiated set-
tlement.
eft seems clear that there are only two
realistic options open to us in Vietnam in
the immediate future: the expansion of the
epellict in one way or another, or a renewed
effort to bolster the capacity of the South
Vietnamese to prosecute the war success-
fully on its present scale. The matter calls
for continuing examination by responsible
officials in the executive branch of our Gov-
ernment.
erntil and unless they conclude that the
military situation in South Vietnam, and the
politierl situation in southeast Asia, war-
rant the expansion of the war, or that the
overall situation has changed sufficiently to
establish some basis for a successful nego-
tiation, it seems to me that we have no
choice hot to support the South Vietnam-
ese Government and Army by the most ef-
fective means available."
In the same book, he suggests that carry-
ing the war to North Vietnam might be nec-
essary- order to bring them t f the confer-
ence table.
This is the same Fcji,BRICHT who now pub-
licly "wonders" how we got into this situa-
tion? Who throws up his bards at what
the President has &me as if it were carried
out mysteriously and secretly behind his
back? And, above all, as if he never, never
consented to such action?
Is it the same Senator EULBRI G HT who had
earned a considerable reputation for re-
sponsibility in his long years in the Senate,
and who wrote those words just 2 years ago?
is this the same man who turns over his
Senate Foreign Relations Committee to the
Senate's long-recognized prize eccentric,
WAYNE MORSE, for the kind of diatribes
against the United States and its Govern-
ment that have characterized him for a
dozen years?
Is the; the same man who eow permits
his committee to be a platform to make a
loner, the "black sheep" of the Serrate ap-
pear. falsely, before the American people to
be the voice of the U.S. Senate?
Some dring has happened to Senator
EMBRIG ED.
Skuneihrng sad.
A od :.,(yrictiling dangerous too, because the
new, steerage EULERIGEI T carries over some-
thing or lie shred of reputation, at least,
earned by a different kind of me if?the man
lie was before.
How else to explain that a man who ex-
plained 2 years ago that we cannot negotiate
from weakness, is now engaged i.n making
our position to achieve negotiations
weaker?
Was the Fulbright reputaDen an "old
myth," and is this sorre spectacle, the "new
eta.tity?"
Francis J.. F'. Cleary, Retired Employee of
Department of Agriculture and Friend
of Congressional Staffs, Dies at Age 90
EXTENSION OP FEW, RKS
OF
HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG
OF NM Ei IRAN
IN THE HOUSE OF HEPRESEN tATIVES
TimeSdati, March 3, 1966
Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, many
Members of Congress and many veteran
staff members will recall plea,ant asso-
ciations with Francis J. P. Cleary, who
headed what later became the Congres-
sional Inquiry Unit of the U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture and who retired
in 1946.
I have been asked to advise Mr. Cleary's
friends that he passed away at the Susan
B. Miller Nursing Hone in Woodstock,
Va., last Monday at the age of 90. Fu-
neral services for him were conducted
this morning.
I am told by a member of my staff who
knew him intimately that Mr. Cleary had
a Horatio Alger type of rise to promi-
nence in the career ranks of the Govern-
ment. I understand he started his Gov-
ernment service as a Messenger at the age
of 16 and in 54 years rose to a key posi-
tion through which many congressional
offices successfully channeled their in-
quiries and problems involving the De-
partment of Agriculture.
Mr. Cleary was born in Nenagh, Tip-
perary, Ireland, on March 2, 1876, and
was brought to the United States as an
infant by his parents, Dr. Frank P.
Cleary, U.S. Army, and Nora Egan
Cleary. His earliest years were spent in
Illinois, and the family moved to Wash-
ington, D.C., in 1881. Mr. Cleary at-
tended public and parochial schools in
Washington and was graduated from the
School of Law of Georgetown University.
At the age of 16, Mr. Cleary entered
Government service as a messenger in
the Department of Agriculture. He
served for 54 years in the Department,
retiring in 1946 at the age of 70. He rose
through the ranks as a career employee
and was an administrative assistant to
the Director of Information when he re-
tired. For many years he was the em-
ployee-elected member of the Personnel
Appeals Board of the Department of
Agriculture.
Mr. Cleary's late wife was Frances Ann
Whalley, sister of Mrs. F. Wilson Gearing
of Woodstock, Va. Mrs. Cleary died in
1950, and since 1951 Mr. Cleary had re-
sided in Woodstock.
An active participant in sports in his
youth, Mr. Cleary was an avid sports
fan. During his long career in Washing-
ton he also was active in amateur theatri-
cals and in the Knights of Columbus.
Mr. Cleary is survived by his brother-
in-law and sister-in-law, Dr. and Mrs. F.
Wilson Gearing of Woodstock, Va., and
by three nephews and two nieces, Dr.
F. W. Gearing, Jr., of Harrisonburg, Va.,
and John K. Gearing, W. John White,
Mrs. Clarence R. Gorman and Mrs. R.
Earl Harron of the Washington area.
In behalf of a number of veteran staff
members on Capitol Hill who were ac-
quainted with Mr. Cleary, I want to ex-
tend condolences to the family.
Democracy: What It Means to Me
--
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ARNOLD OLSEN
OF MONTANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRE.SENI ATIVES
Thursday, March 3, 1966
Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Speaker,
I wish to call to the attention of my col-
leagues the following speech, "Democ-
racy: What It Means to Me," which was
given by a young constituent of mine who
has made an outstanding record in scho-
lastic endeavors.
Mr. R. Glen Smiley, of Eczema n, Mont.,
was the winning contestant from my
State in the annual Voice of Democracy
contest put on by the ladies auxiliary of
the VFW. I urge my colleagues to visit
with the winners from their respective
States at the VFW annual congressional
dinner, March 8, at the Sheraton-Park
Hotel,
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March 3, .1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
service. A conscientious employee should
not want to do useless work or do useful
work in an inefficient manner. A loyal
employee should be as much opposed to
overstaffing, incompetency, and in M-
oloney as he is to acts of espionage, sa -
tage, and treason.
Neither Withdrawal Nor Escalation Is the
Answer
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 17, 1966
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, it is
obvious that neither withdrawal nor mas-
sive escalation is the answer to our
dilemma in Vietnam. The Pittsburgh
Press, in a recent editorial, said that the
American people must exercise great
patience in dealing with this crisis.
The danger?
As the Press editorialist points out--
is that for lack of obvious battlefield victories,
will either pull back and prove to the world
our anti-Communist role is too big for us?
or will expand the conflict at vast, unneces-
sary cost in lives and money.
Under leave to extend my remarks I
include the entire editorial, entitled "A
New Kind of War," as published in the
Pittsburgh Press February 13, 1966, in
the RECORD at this point:
A NEW KIND OF WAR
Confusion and divided counsels on Viet-
nam largely result from a lag in imagina-
tion?the tendency always to fight the new
war in terms of the last.
A bookful of examples might be offered
to illustrate this stubborn habit. British
military brass scorned the tank in the First
World War. American military authority
practically had to have the airplane shoved
down its throat.
Even as late as World War II the Poles
sent cavalry against Hitler's tanks. De
Gaulle senesd the futility of the maginot
line but couldn't get French authority to
listen,
The French used World War II tactics in
Vietnam and were beaten by much smaller
native forces, mainly armed with captured
guns. The American military has had to
learn the hard way how to fight a guerrilla
war which is kept in bounds by common fear
of nuclear weapons.
To the fixed idea as to how a war should
be fought, Vietnam is bound to be frustrat-
ing. War should involve front lines which
are attacked or defended, with progress com-
puted in terms of slain enemies or gained
real estate.
So far as the Vietnam phase of the present
war is concerned, this is an outmoded con-
cept. The big victories are gained maybe
thousands of miles from battles which in-
volve only a relatively few men.
This is too little comprehended by critics
of U.S. policy?either those who think we
can't win in Vietnam and should get but
or those who appear to think we can. clean
this one up promptly if we just throw enough
bombs.
True, in terms of the two prior world con-
flicts, this is a "no win" war. But, granting
that Red China is our principal, immediate
enemy in Vietnam, cast up the scores:
The Communist effort to take over Indo-
nesia has collapsed in armed revolt which
essentially has destroyed the Indonesian
Communist apparatus. Does anyone hon-
estly believe the Indonesian conservatives
would have dared challenge the Communists
with the United States either losing or with-
drawing from Vietnam?
As result of Communist defeat in Indo-
nesia the Indonesian assault on Malaysia has
faded from view. Only a short time back
this looked like big trouble.
A truce has been called in the menacing
war between India and Pakistan. The Red
Chinese invasion of India has not been re-
newed.
These are the "front lines" in the type of
war we are fighting. Our weapons include
food as well as guns. Our allies are the
Indonesian patriots, the economists strug-
gling with inflation in Brazil, the statesmen
counseling faith in Africa.
In each of a hundred nations there are
varying sets of political opinion as to which
way to jump in order to get on the winning
side in this struggle between America and
the Communist powers.
This is cooly calculated. Only the strong
can afford to stand up for principle. The
weak must concentrate on saving their own
hides and making the best possible deal with
whichever of the big fellows comes out on
top.
These people now watch Vietnam for evi-
dence that the United States has either
the will or the weight to fulfill it avowed
commitment, which is containment of com-
munism. The generally favorable trend of
affairs in southeast Asia, indeed the gen-
erally favorable trend around the world?in
Africa, Latin America, Western Europe?evi-
dence world opinion as to who is winning
the war in Vietnam.
It is a war requiring vast patience on the
part of the American people because the local
results are not immediately obvious and
because it is difficult to associate cause and
effect in events far from Vietnam.
The danger is that, for lack of obvious
battlefield victories, we will either pull back
and prove to the world our anti-Communist
role is too big for us?or will expand the
conflict at vast, unnecessary cost in lives and
money.
Much depends on understanding of this
if America is to be the eventual victor in
this oddly fought third world war and avoid
world-destroying nuclear conflict.
Albert Thomas
SPEECH
or
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 28, 1966
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, once again we pause to note
the passing of a beloved colleague. Too
often the stalwarts of the Congress, who
have written so much of the history of
their times, are suddenly gone from the
scene. In awe of God's inscrutable ways
we meet today to register our sincere
thoughts of ALBERT THOMAS, what he
meant and how we will miss him.
To know ALBERT was to love and re-
spect him. During the years he so ably
served the Eighth Congressional District
of Texas, I learned to appreciate what a
fine, outstanding job he did in carrying
out his responsibilities to his people.
Loved and respected for his fairness,
A1145
sound judgment, deep courage and devo-
tion to America, his rare capacity for
leadership will be sorely missed in the
years to come.
He was quiet and soft spoken, and as he
went about his daily tasks, he had a kind
greeting for everyone.
In thinking of ALBERT, I am reminded
of the words penned by the late Sir Wil-
liam Osier, the noted Canadian phy-
sician:
I have three personal ideals. One, to do
the day's work well and not to bother about
tomorrow. The second ideal has been to act
the Golden Rule, as far as In me lay, toward
my professional brethren and toward those
committed to my care, And the third has
been to cultivate such a measure of
equanimity as would enable me to bear suc-
cess with humility, the affection of my
friends without pride, and to be ready when
the day of sorrow and grief came to meet it
with the courage befitting a man.
ALBERT THOMAS fully measured up to
Such ideals. We shall miss him, but he
has left forever with us countless mem-
ories of a wonderful person.
Some Commonsense Words About Our
Supplementing World Food Supplies
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HOWARD W. ROBI SON
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 8, 1966
Mr. ROBISON. Mr, Speaker, at a
meeting in Albany, N.Y., held recently
for northeastern dairy co-op leaders,
Lester Martin, president of the 15,000-
member Dairymen's League Cooperative
Association, spoke some words of uncom-
mon commonsense about the role of the
American farmer in any new programs
to supplement world food supplies.
As we prepare to consider the alter-
natives available to us in this connection,
it would be well for us to pay heed to
Mr. Martin's ideas, and, under my leave
to include extraneous material, granted
to me on February 8, 1966, his speech is
now set forth:
STATEMENT BY DAIRYMEN'S LEAGUE PRESIDENT
TO THE LEAGUE'S AFFILIATE BOARD OF DI-
RECTORS, FEBRUARY 23, 1906
Much has been written and spoken in re-
cent months about the great population ex-
plosion in the world and the virtual in-
evitability of a widespread food shortage
In some of our most populous countries.
The U.S. Government, both in Congress
and in the executive branch, has expressed
concern over this critical situation and rec-
ommendations have been made at both
levels for action to expand American food
production to meet the emergency.
As a farmer and as an elected head of
a major farm organization, I am ready,
willing, and eager to,see the untapped pro-
ductivity of this Nation mobilized to aid
everyone, at home or abroad, who faces a
shortage of food. No one should go hungry
if food can be made available to feed him.
At the risk, however, of being called self-
ish, I must urge all farmers, whether milk
or grain producers, to stop, look, and listen
before plunging headlong into expensive in-
vestments in more production facilities.
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A1146 CONGRESSMIsTAL RECORD -- APPENDIX March J, 1966
Whether the motive is a desire to cash in
or the expected bonanza of foreign aid, or a
desire to respond to the world need for more
food or a combination of both- -let us not
create a situation in which we Can rapidly
ru,d ourselves once more the victims of our
own efficiency_
gor some 20 years the milk and grain pro-
ducers of this country have been criticized,
ridiculed, and generally ill-used by the press,
politicians, and the public because of the
na-
il al commodity price support program. In
;v1 ition, -farmers have been. .an (idled with the
economic distress that has necompanied an
inihelonced supply-demand situation.
Meet of this criticism was unjustified.
The food sorptuses that arose after World
Wi:r it were an outgrowth of the war and
the postwar needs of the world. They were
edoocated and encouraged by our Govern-
ment to meet an -urgent need. It was un-
realistic to expect them to simply disappear
when the need declined. The Federal price
impport, program was used to prevent eco-
nomic disaster to the industry that virtually
kept a large (tart of the world alive during
iLa darkest emirs. It SOON 110Wever, bechime
as political chopping block and an easy source
of headlines. The farmer's role in. feeding
thm world. was forgotten. The new image of
history's gree test provider, the American
humor, was that of a greedy hick with one
Lot)., in the tax trough and the other or the
neck of the isinsumer.
I we, as Meiners, let that happen again
we deserve to wear the biggest and brightest
deuce cap history can devise. At long last,
consumption and production in tilis country
are beginning to attain a reasonable balance.
:thriee.s to food producers have improved and
will likely continue to do so if we exercise
reationahte restraint in our expansion pro-
grams.
If.eisiCent .hrihnson this month sent a mes-
teem to Coil mess dealing with the need for
American efforts to curb world hunger
through a food-for-peace program.. His pro-
gram would lead to increased food production
i it this country stocking of domestic reserves,
a; rift use of some nonprice supported coin-
itteEl purchased in the market for foreign
aid. He also promised to make use of pres-
ent, legislative authority to buy dairy prod-
ilets on the open market "whenever neces-
:tory for use overseas.
ithese are constructive steps. But they
are ',sot enough They provide some incen-
tom for the preeent, but no assurance for the
ietiatre,
Tte American farmer does not need to ex-
taint his Tina-loci-ion facilithis beyond the.
normal pace that can meet expected growth
in commercial demand.. To exceed this rate
of eapansion is to court eventual disaster.
thoe Government desires a faster or noire
extelisive rate oh' expausiOn, then let us Mem
elleg tate legislative guarantees from Govern-
ment that we will not he left, holding the
bag a, few yeers, or even 10 years, from now.
;ffatemen.ts of good intentions are rot
rn 011;2:1i.
ttef the Government establish; a specific a-
tei food reserve by law, one which the ex-
perts feel is adequate to protect this country
in -1-tras of emergency. And let this reserve he
totally and legaity isolated from the market-
place. Make it, ironclad that no represent
live of Government con use the reserve to
pet an artilimet lid on. form commodity
prices by selling off quantities of it irs tbe
market whenever prices threaten to rise above
g'roe arbitrary Moire. I know of no such lid
II whiges or on the price of for al production
eimplies and equipment.
hie:either, let the Government use its con-
siderable fatalities to estimate its needs, for
hot-effigy aid in various commodities, years in
advance and let os have legislation enabling
itse appropriate agencies to contract for sup-
idles of these commodities in the market-
place in advance. American agriculture does
not look forward to expanding prodnction so
that Government warehouses may be used as
cheap middlemen to supply foreign aid pro-
grams with food purchased at citrate prices.
from. farmers. If more food is needed to im-
plement our foreign relations, then let us do
it Oil a S011tid businesslike basis with the cost
being borne by all American tag.payers, the
same as ',e4 done when our Govern; lent makes
tanks or guns available to foreign countries.
Let us not continue it as a lopsided burden
on. food nroducers.
If there is an excess supply afte? these con-
trols have been established, ti en it can
truly be celled a surplue and treeted as one.
Finally. we must, ha:ye safegum-ds to pro-
tect our additional investments in produc-
tion forTities when and if the Iii 'If and the
urgency for new food supplies ends. It could
happen in a few years, or it migt t not hap-
pen at all. Past historg, howevtr, leads us
to be cautious. A farmer who Ii ;s spent 20
or 30 veers building up equity in his opera-
tion woural be a fool to mortgage ihat equity
on the gamble that his increased investment
will pay for itself through sales mid prices
created Ly the locel-fer-peece peeeram.
If the cost to the taxpoyer leecame burden-
some enough, Congress (mild. cho,1 this pro-
gram in lulif or even em' it overiUght. And
where would the mortgaged farmer's equity
be then?
Let us lieve legislation thet W1 I provide a
financially sonnet program to mheire farm-
ers that tile additional investments they
make to meet the world emergeney will not
be their r .sk alone. If it is argued that such
a provision is not necessary because the in-
creased (Iceland for food vu neves end, then
I soy the provision will never hove to be
UI ed- so why object to it?
Smarter men than I will have to figure out
the details and language of the legislation I
am propoeing, but without such tssurances
I strongly urge all farmers to view any tem-
porary inducements for rapid expansion of
production with suspicion, and ti act with
extreme rim tion. A sudden bonanga for the
maehinery, inanufacturers. the 1; inks, the
feed dealess and land speculators, could well
then turn into an eventual deptmssion for
farmers.
If we bu IT ("gain, as did in World War
II, in the postwar period, and daring the
Korean Wit', let us build on. a better :founda-
tion than high hopes and higher mortgages.
American Lithuanian Council of 3oston
EXTENSION OF REMAR
cra-
EGA. JAMFS A. BUREE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE lICUSE OF REPRESENTe'FIVES
Thursday, March 3, 1966
Mr. BURKE. Mr. U,pcaker, it was my
great priv..leg,e to addres the A,?nerican
Lithuanian Council of Boston, Mass., on
Sunday, February 20, 1.966. The cere-
monies were held to co.almemoi ate the
48th annil ersary of the independence of
Lithuania, now only a bright memory in
the heavy hearts of all Lithuanians.
I insert here my remarks on that oc-
casion, as well as those of the Honor-
able Elliot L. Richardson, Liei aenant
Governor of Massachusetts, who was in
attendance representing the Holorable
John A. Volpe, Governor. I include, too,
a list of th prMcipal officers and guests
who were present, and a, copy of the res-
olutions adopted by the council .1.t that
meeting:
REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN JANIFI, A. BURKE
More as a friend and neighbor of my fellow
American-Lithuanians, than as a U.S. Repre-
sentative in the Congress, I consider it a par-
ticular privilege to take part in this program
commemorating the 48th anniveriary of the
declaration of Lithuania's independence.
Tins annual ceremony is dear to the hearts
of all Lithuanians and their American friends
because it is held to recollect Um dale of
February 16, 1918, which marked the end of
well over a century of suffering under a hos-
tile, foreign rule. Back on that joyful
Lithuania stood forth as an independent
democratic republic. There WaS cause for
celebration then and the future was feced
with confidence. 'Your hoineland people
were happy and prosperous in their own sov-
ereignty.
Unfortunately, in this year of 12,36 our oh-
servance hero must be shaded with sorrow.
The bright star of Lithuania's .freedom hes
been clouded over by the violent storms of
tyranny. We gaze with sacInes,s upon the
continuing tragedy of sacrifice to ruthless
imperialism that has enveloped Lithuania;
she has ceased to be cm independent nation.
The brutal tyranny now being forced upon
Lithuania, and the other small nate :am or as
continuing challenge to the moral conscience
of our Nation and the United Nations to
reestablish tha great, basic principles of free-
dom and liberty for all peoples. In simple
justice, our Government must perseveringly
insist that the Lithuanian people be per-
mitted their inalienable right to govern their
internal existence as they themselves see fig
'The major world powers, including the
United States should not remain acqiiiescent
parties to the disgraceful betrayel of the
smaller nations like Lithuania?winch be-
trayal defies every decent concept of sell
-
determination and democracy.
On this occasion dedicated to the memory
and future objective of Lithuanian inde-
pendence, I again say that the United states
and the United Nations must 101 (ClSl fll y
call upon Russia to give up her occupation
and control over Lithuania and Lie other
Baltic Nations,
The Soviet Union has repeatedly violated
the political pledge made at 'Teheran, Yal
and Potsdam. Unless restitution is made,
the United States should not be liel-d bowel
by such unratified agreements. We must
continue to use our moral leadership in the
United Nations In demand that the sup-
pressed rights of Lithuania and other so n-
jugated nations to govern themselves be re-
stored.
Although we mourn over her cresont
plight, there is no cause for despair. Re-
peatedly, through her history, Lithuania hae
proved that her people can eventually over-
come the temporary triumphs of oppreesors.
The Christian faith, which in 1399, defeattsi
the Tartar invasion and saved all Europe
from barbarism, is still with her tieley. It.
gives her the spiritual vigor to outlive reiy
dictatorship. From my own knowledge and
experience with my fellow Americans ot Lith-
uanian descent, I know that deep to the
heart of every Lithuanian is that pit:h.:ion for
liberty and freedom which never dies. 'There
is no power that can forever enslave people
who are determined to be free.
As the keynote of this ceremony, may
suggest that we rededicate ourselves in the
determination to perseveringly rev eel mat
present to the Christian world the fitets and
the truth about the persecution of Lithos/1M,
so that the United Nations and the United
States will be inspired to accept the foil
moral and humanitarian responsibilit; of re-
storing Lithuanian independence.
In this rededication, I am sure ycitu will
have the complete support of all Chre'dian,
freedom-loving people throughout the world.
I am confident you can rely upon theni to
Jolla in your efforts and prayers that yom
homeland may once again be free. May God
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RESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX March 3, 19601
-
the censorship which today surrounds I., Vice President's Mission Hailed
many Government agencies, especially
the Department of Defense and the White
House?censorship which permits ques-
tionable policies to be pursued and which
allows bureaucrats the opportunity to
violate the public trUst.
I recommend the reading of this book
by all persons concerned over the tend-
ency of Government today to keep the
lid of secrecy tightly clamped on even Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, the
the most trivial matters. 43,000-mile mission to Asia by Vice Presi-
Following is a review of "Despoilers dent HUMPHREY was hailed in a recent
of Democracy" which was published in column by David Lawrence who said it
the January 1966 edition of the Wash- was "sensible tactics for the Vice Presi-
ington World magazine: deneto go around the world making
speeches, especially during critical times
when the Communist propaganda ma-
chine is so active in sneering at or de-
nouncing American policies."
The article is an interesting appraisal
of the broadening duties of the Vice
President, and because many will want to
Peruse its contents I am offering it to the
RECORD for publication there:
[Prom the New York (N.Y.) Herald Tribune,
Feb. 28, 19661
THE NEW GLOBAL DUTIES OF THE VICE
PRESIDENT
(By David Lawrence)
Charles Martel deal with the Moors by tak-
ing the field at Tours with an offer of a few
fat bucks if they'd just retire beyond the
Pyrenees.
Mr. Johnson must be succumbing to the
infection of the appeasement wing in his own
party?the BOBBY KENNEDYS who would wel-
come the Vietcong into the Saigon Govern-
ment, the FULBRIGHTS who are forever carp-
ing about a policy that requires standing up
to the Communists at all, the MOSSES who
contend it would be no weakness if we
bugged out.
Senator FULBRIGHT'S Foreign Relations
Committee recently heard a pointed warning
from Gen. Maxwell Taylor that the leaders
of North Vietnam still hoped "for some kind
of victory in the south," apparently because
they were convinced that the United States
be detached from support of South Vietnam.
The stream of criticism against the war which
comes from Democrats in Congress is one
reason for this Communist conviction.
"They have not," the general said in ref-
erence to the Communists, "forgotten that
the Vietminh won more in Paris than in
Dienbienphu and believe that the Vietcong
may be as fortunate in Washington." Dien-
bienphu was a climactic French defeat in
1954, but the French at home had lost
stomach for the war after 7 years, just as
they later lost heart in Algeria, where French
arms had succeeded in checkmating the
guerrillas.
Our recent history amply demonstrates
that wars can be more readily lost in Wash-
ington or at the conference table than in
the field. Franklin Roosevelt threw away
the fruits of military victory at Tehran and
Yalta. Our allies, notably the British under
the Socialist Prime Minister, Clement Attlee,
became terrified lest the United States de-
feat the Communists in Korea. General
MacArthur was handcuffed by Washington,
and the victory that was possible was sacri-
ficed in favor of an ignominious stalemate,
equivalent to the first military defeat in
this country's history.
It is all in process of happening again.
The Communists know what rides on the
stakes, for the North Vietnamese commander
in chief, General Clap, has said, "If the spe-
cial warfare that the U.S. imperialists are
testing in South Vietnam is overcome, then
it can be defeated anywhere in the world."
South Vietnam is the acid test whether
Communist wars of national liberation are to
sweep the world.
"Despoilers of Democracy"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
05' ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 1, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, a
highly respected Washington newsman
and Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter, Mr.
Clark R. Mollenhoff of the Cowles Pub-
lications, has authored a book entitled
"Despoilers of Democracy."
In this straightforward writing, Mr.
Mollenhoff has described, detail by de-
tail, a record of cynicism and deceit on
the part of some Government officials.
Mr. Mollenhoff asks whether or not the
American people are willing to tolerate
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March I, 1966
"DESPOILERS OF DEMOCRACY," CLARIC R.
MOLLENHOFF (DOTJBLEDAY)
In his unsuccessful 1964 campaign Senator
Goldwater attempted to focus attention on
the topic of corruption in Government and
the need for the revitalization of the Ameri-
can Governmental processes. Clark Mollen-
hoff, a perennial critic of the political scene,
in his heavily documented and incisive anal-
ysis, considers the background and intricate
interaction between the problem of distorted
democratic government and the breakdown of
the independence of the several segments of
our Government. The traditional balance of
the divisions of our Government has lent
stability in minimizing the problem of cor-
ruption in Government. Mollenhoff ex-
amines as principal figures in this breakdown
the situations of such individuals as Bobby
Baker, Billy Sol Estes, and in a different vein,
Otto Otepka.
The use of Federal power for its own end
is illustrated by the experiences of Don Reyn-
olds who testified against Bobby Baker
before the Senate Rules Committee. Rey-
nolds, himself a controversial figure, was
allegedly harassed by the Government to an
almost unbelievable extent. Mollenhoff
writes, "He [Reynolds] revealed that he had
been questioned many times by the FBI, by
tax agents, and by the Senate Rules Com-
mittee staff, and that the pattern of ques-
tioning made it appear he was the target of
major emphasis, not Bobby Baker or others."
Clearly this is a misuse of Federal power and
an area of concern for those dedicated to
the preservation and advancement of civil
liberty for all our people regardless of their
individual philosophy as Mollenhoff so com-
pellingly discloses.
The author presents specific proposals to
eliminate and cut down the threat of cor-
ruption to democracy and erosion of basic
liberties. His strong arguments emphasize
the decline in the independence Of Congress
in the context of American democracy in the
1960's and the companion decline in the inde-
pendence of the American press under the
influences of the Federal Government and the
competition of centrally controlled media.
To him the only way this Government decay
can be effectively halted is if the people sense
the problem, grasp its importance, and "dem-
onstrate that the people are the masters."
The public must become aware of the dangers
of massive presidential Rolitical power and
the effects on the governmental machinery
of enormous Government contracts and Fed-
eral handouts. For Mollenhoff "in the end
the responsibility for good Government rests
with the people. America will get as good a
government as Americans demand." Of
course, as is so often the case in such writing.
Mr. Mollenhoff fails to explain just how the
people will become so aware and GO aroused
given the situation he describes. One obvious
way would be to read his book.
Wasuurcrox.?Originally, the chief func-
tion of a Vice President of the United
States was to preside over the Senate. Now-
adays, however, he plays a far more impor-
tant role as an unofficial member of the ex-
ecutive branch of the Government. This
practice arose only in recent years, when
America began to participate actively in
world affairs and the help of allies in meet-
ing emergencies became essential.
Vice President HUMPHREY, who returned
last week from a 43,000-mile journey to Asia,
can do more during brief visits to the vari-
ous capitals of the world to publicize Ameri-
can policies than sometimes can be accom-
plished in longer periods of time by the am-
bassadors or ministers accredited to those
countries. This is because diplomatic rep-
resentatives must be supercautious in what
they say, as they have to stay at their posts
the year around. But a Vice President, as
the No. 2 man in the U.S. Government, can
make speeches of a positive nature, and they
will be widely printed.
Public relations has become a significant
factor in the evolution of international pol-
icy. Many Americans do not realize that, al-
though a speech by the President may be
broadcast over television and radio and be
given considerable space in the newspapers
within the United States, it may get only a
brief mention abroad?even in countries
friendly to the United States. The reason is
that what happens locally or in neighboring
areas takes up most of the space in the news
media.
When an emissary as prominent as the
Vice President of the United States, how-
ever, visits a foreign country, it becomes a
local story of magnitude. Crowds assemble
to hear him speak, and the newspapers give
front-page treatment to the event. Many an
issue that has been repeatedly explained at
home by the President is clarified for the
first time in other lands when it is given
publicity on the occasion of a Vice-Presi-
dential visit.
It is, therefore, sensible tactics for the
Vice President to go around the world mak-
ing speeches, especially during critical times
when the Communist propaganda machine
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11/tarch 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?APPENDIX A11.3:1
generation. Our magazines and educators
and ministers tell us there is a driving force
within the youth of today that demands
me, The American teenage generation has
drive, it has initiative, it has power. There
is a stirring unrest within the very heart and
t 10 very soul of every teenage human being
eaiss this country. I am a teenager, I have
unrest. I cannot deny it because I per-
:: many know it exists.
What can teenagers do to constructively
tere
flits energy? They can gather together
and simply sit clown in a mass protest dem-
imaralaon: or they earl march carrying
laens proclaiming everything from religious
Minna to obscene words. "A government
in which the supreme power is in the hands
in' the people who exercise it, either directly.
er through their chosen representatives."
Action and restraint The substitution of
conscience for emotion and in
laought for irrational thought. American
ft' singers do possess the right to sit down.
ieley do possess the right to march, but they
also possess the Moral obligation to their
cr try and to themselves to seriously ask.
I. minselves, each one individually, "What will
du with my energy? I have drive. I have
initiative, I have power. I feel it, I recognise
it, but I must control it. Am I willing to
inquire and learn what is going on in the
world today_ Once I have a basic knowledge
or the facts. will I freely discuss them with
my friends. encouraging them to think?
discuss political and social matters
witil my parents, making them examine
themselves and their relationship to their
country? In short, will I be a mature human
IIIing?"
A :arcing democracy is built upon intent-
geed; thought. It does not begin at t,he n.a-
iional level, it does not even begin at the
local level. Demoeraty begins within the
heart if the individual citizen. It is not a
few thousand worib; written in a history
bailc, but a dynamic force for daily use.
Onmocracy is not something tangible that
can be held in the hand, but a driving spirit
eir freedom. As young men and young
v,omen. we will not let it die--we must not
iet it die.
An Idaho Hand at the Throttle
OIXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GEORGE HANSEN
1.*_ HAIM
IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2. 1966
iVir. HANSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker,
Idaho has contributed many men of ex-
tremely high caliber to important posi-
tions in the Federal Government,. One
such man is Commissioner Abe McGregor
con' of the Interstate Commerce Com-
ill isssorl.
finder leave to extend my remarks and
to include extraneous material, I sub-
mit for the RECORD an essay on this dedi-
c:ited public servant, by Dwight Win.
.iimsen. writing in the Idaho Observer of
February 24, 1966, and published in Boise,
Idaho:
AN IDAHO HAND A'r THE THROTTLE
(Hy Dwight William Jensen)
:Vor 24 years, ending in 1954, a man from
Voscow, Idaho, named Bill Lee served on the
interstate Commerce Commission. When
Cie left office President Eisenhower looked
4'1.rounel and plucked from the Post Office De-
partment its General Counsel, a man named
Abe McGregor Goff, who also happened to
hail from Moscow, Idaho.
It was late in the 19th century and early
in this one that regulatory Commodious
came to power in the U.S. Government; dur-
ing the depression they bloomed to full
flower. Now Idaho is furnishing three ire,
portant members of those important; regu-
latory Commissions.
Rosel Hyde of the Federal Comnmnicatioas
Commission is the senior of all U.S. reg
ii tory Commissioners in time of service.
Hamer Budge of the Securities and Sc'
change COMMiESiCH is one of the newer COL-1-
missioncrs, but is coming to be one of the
more respected_
And Abe McGreaor Goff is one of the me
experienced, one of the more colerful, one of
Hie more gregeriot
He enjoys people, likes being with cad
friends, and meeting new acquaintancs S.
And he loves to talk about his colorful at
purposeful life.
Goff had served in Congress from Idaht's
First District before going to work for the
Post Office DcparLnent. Before that he Imd
been in the Army, in both World War II the; e-
ters. His service Secluded work on the SI .11
of General MacArthur, work tis it brougnt
him into contact with General Eisenhower,
and work in the war crimes trials in Lie
Fir Eastern theater.
But his fame in Idaho preceded his wisic
In politics, government, and the militate.
The first time Or gon State played Idaho at
Boise--1923?Golf was a lineman of the
Idaho team that won, 7 to O. Playing will
him were Sib KleTner, Skippy Slivers, John
Vessar, Larry Quinn, Bob Fitzke, Ray Ste-
phens, Charlie Bousen, and Dusty Kline,
among others. Later he became a footbell
coach, a prosecuting attorney, a State sen::-
tor, and president of the Idaho State Bar
JV;sociation.
Tn. World War I. Golf served as a private i
the Army. He entered the second war as a
major and rose to the rank of colonel, win-
ning the Legion of Merit and nine other
decorations. Amellg the many unusual far at
about this man is the fact that he is admitted
to practice law before the Supreme Court Lif
Ile has held national offices in the Ameri-
ca u liar Association, the American Socie;:a7
fiiC International law, the Federal Bar Asso-
ciation, the Federal :Bar Foundation, and the
Jialge Advocates Association.
Coif was born December 21, 1899, at Col-
fax, Wash. he was married in 1927 to
Florence Richardson, then a faculty member
at the University of Idaho. They have two
children, both now grown. He is an Episco-
palian.
Goff waa with tie British in North Africa
during Romm.el's 1942 drive across the sands;
later he became a military envoy to the Em-
peror Haile Selassie.. and for a time served
as military escort to Madam Chiang KU-
slick. He organized Use InternaLonal
eeution Section for the Supreme Commandtr
in Tokyo before the war crimes trials there.
And the Secretary of War once asaigned him
to maks a special review of the court-mart!.1
of Billy Mitchell?Gen, William Mitchell
The appointment of the ICC was not the
first time Goff had succeeded William E. Lee;
in 1926, when Lee left Moscow to become a
member of the Raho Supreme Court, Goff
took over his place as the law partner of
C. J. Orland. Goff had been a junior al -
terney in the firm 2 years.
The Chairman of th,e ICC is selected from
among the members on a rotating basis;
Golf rotated into the -top spot during 196 I.
He found himself shiefiy concerned with big
railroad mergers being proposed, tl-e
giant of all being the New York Central with
the Pennsylvania. Golf's decisions and
views then might be felt for years to coir e
In the economic a ad thansportation systems
of America.
Like most Commissioners, Golf cares ri,t
to talk about spec fit eases. But he will re-
mark upon tlae general place of his Com-
mission and all regulatory Commissions in
the American system.
Goff disagrees with any tendencies to cuill
the regulatory Commissions "a fourth braim't
of Government." Actually, says he, tie,
combine elements of all three branches?the
judicial, the executive, the legislative. Hie
if they must be classified under one branch.
that one branch, Goff thinks, must 'be the
legislative.
"We are an agent of the Congress. No
it's true that we are known as quasi-judica.1
agencies because we hold hearings and issile
decisions. And we also exercise some of ilia
functions of the executive--we have enforce-
ment people who see to it that our politics
are carried out.
"Basically, though, we are an instrumen.,
of Congress. Now, the Congress could sb,
down and it could write out safety rogue) -
tions and freight rates and weight spec-
ifications and all the rest of that.
"But it is so complicated, so complicatee.
that Congress would find time to do nothina
else. And so we handle that work tuade,
authority set out by Congress. The Cur.
gress can change anything we do. It can
limit us or restrict us. We don't have ill,
power of a fourth branch of Government. '
Wars Lost in Home Capitals
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF'
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, his
does repeat itself, or we might web
say that the present administration
caught in its own web of confusion in it.;
continued failure to provide leadership
in the Vietnam war. The Chicago Trib-
une editorially brought; home in very
effective fashion this morning the lack of
progress based on the lack of a practical
policy:
WARS LOST IN HOME CAPITALS
President Johnson is back where he was s
year ago on the war in Vietnam. On Apri.
7, 1965, at Johns Hopkins University, he
offered the Communists "unconditional dia-.
cussions" to end the war, throwing in tin
promise of a billion dollars for reconstrue
tion as a sweetener. North Vietnani
responded that he could go roll his hoop.
Yesterday Mr. Johnson seized the fifth en
niversary of the Peace Corps as occasion to
renew his plea that the Communist regime
in Hanoi negotiate peace and let war stant
aside while elections are held. He said tilt
United States would abide by the out conn
of the balloting, presumably even if the Cant
munists were to win a big or controlling volt't
in the Government of South Vietnam.
Along with this was the familiar tender o;
"a massive effort of reconstruction and de
velopment open to all including North Viet-
nam."
It is the same old Johns Hopkins formula
It didn't work then and it won't work me,:
As we remarked on that previous occasion
we are not aware that history offers a single
instance that the Johnson formula of a pin
chased peace has ever bought off an invader
George Washington did not join the Hes-
sians in Christmas dinner at Trenton. Ile
whipped them. When the Ottoman Turks
turned up at the gates of Vienna, they Wen
not turned back by a promise from the de
fenders, "Go home and we will reward yin.
with a shipload of shish kebab." Nor che
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March 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
is so active in sneering at or denouncing
American policies.
Mr. HUMPHREY visited- South Korea, the
Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, India,
Pakistan, Thailand, and Laos, and, of course,
spent some time in South Vietnam. All of
these countries were given a clear statement
not only of America's firmness and resolute-
ness in handling the Vietnam war but of
the sincere desire of the United States to
achieve an honorable peace.
Mr. Johnson, while Vice President, also
made trips to Asia, Africa, and Europe, and
in the preceding administration, Vice Presi-
dent Nixon went to countries on every conti-
nent, including a visit to the Soviet Union.
The use of a Vice President for foreign trips
is even more necessary today than it was a
decade or two ago, because the international
situations that have since developed are
frequently subject to misunderstanding,
particularly as the Communists are busily
engaged in fomenting friction by means of
repeated distortions.
When the Constitution was written, it was
agreed that a Vice President should be desig-
nated to succeed the President in the event
of the latter's death or disability, but no-
where else in the document were any duties
of a Vice President specified in relation to
the executive branch of the Government,
Some Presidents have altogether ignored
their No. 2 man. In the last 30 years, how-
ever, it has became customary for the Vice
President to attend Cabinet meetings and to
be given the confidential background of
many important developments in national
and international policies.
Mr. HUMPHREY happens to be a very vocal,
healthy, exuberant person who delivers effec-
tive speeches. He has a congenial person-
ality and makes a good impression abroad.
Most important of all, he follows carefully
the instructions given him by the President
and the Secretary of State back home. So
the role of the Vice President as a roving
ambassador is indeed unique.
Certainly, in bygone days, when it was
often said that a Vice President really had
nothing to do, few people envisaged the im-
portant position that the No. 2 man occupies
today in the American Government and
throughout the world.
Those Who Place Themselves Above the
Law
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
under leave to extend my remarks I am
pleased to include an editorial from the
"Stars and Stripes-National Tribune"
Issue of February 17,1966. This thought-
ful editorial gets to the crux of the mat-
ter by stating: "We abhor the ever-grow-
ing doctrine that, if in an individual's
judgment a law is a bad one, then he is
not bound to conform with it."
The expression of this doctrine by
Professor Lynd and the draft board sit-
ins by students at the University of Mich-
igan is special cause for concern because
it comes from educated people who
should have more appreciation of the
consequences of their acts. The end re-
sult of this doctrine is anarchy and I join
with the "Stars and Stripes-National
Tribune" in expressing the hope that ac-
tion will be taken to curb such activities.
IS LYND UNTOUCHABLE?
Like millions of other Americans, we are
deeply concerned with the actions of Staugh-
ton Lynd, Yale professor who has so flagrantly
flaunted the laws of our Nation.
Lynd, on two occasions has taken unto
himself the prerogatives of defying the U.S.
Government and the laws of that Govern-
ment. Ho traveled to North Vietnam, meet-
ing there with high Communist officials
without U.S. authorization and actually in
defiance of statutes which prohibit travel to
foreign countries by U.S. citizens unless law-
fully permitted.
More recently the Yale professor left the
United States and appeared on a television
broadcast in London, England, again without
express permission from Government officials.
We abhor the ever-growing doctrine that,
if in an individual's judgment a law is a bad
one, then he is not bound to conform with it.
This was first promulgated in aggressive civil
rights demonstrations.
By far the overwhelming percentage of law-
abiding American citizens do not look with
favor upon Lynd's defiance of a Government
edict. Not only is he an American citizen
duty bound to obey the laws of his country,.
but his consorting with enemy leaders in
enemy country gives the impression that our
law-enforcement agencies for some reason to
not want to take such perpetrators to task.
When American boys are dying daily in
South Vietnam no unauthorized American
citizen should abrogate to himself the func-
tions of proper Government officials. We be-
lieve that it is time to curb the travel ten-
dencies of Staughton Lynd and any other
Americans who entertain similar views.
When Marines Wage Peace in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES C. CORMAN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, it was
my great privilege to visit South Vietnam
last fall and spend a week in the field
with the 3d Marine Division. I served
with this division in World War II, when
it was bent on recovering territory seized
by the Japanese.
Today, in Vietnam, the 3d Marine Di-
vision is determined to rid Asia of a new
aggressor?the North Vietnamese Viet-
cong. All of us are very much aware of
the military efforts of the marines in
Vietnam, but there are many who do not
realize that the United States and the
marines are waging an equally impor-
tant battle in southeast Asia?a battle
against hunger, disease, and fear.
When American marines go into Viet-
namese villages, they often carry the
tools of peace, as well as the implements
of war, rood, clothing, medicine, and
friendlaoss are winning hearts while
weaponr provide security.
In the United States, marine reservists
are raising CARE funds for these same
villages, and other organizations are
joining in this vital campaign.
The Christian Science Monitor, on
February 24, published an excellent
article detailing some of the marine ac-
A1135
tivities in this other war. At this time,
I insert this article in the RECORD in the
hope you will share my pride in the
Marine Corps and its Commandant, Gen.
Wallace M. Greene, Jr.:
WHEN MARINES WAGE PEACE IN VIETNAM
(By David K. Willis)
WASHINGTON.?AS the first marines
walked warily into the hamlet, children
watched silently from doorways. Adults
stayed inside.
The sun beat down; fear and hostility
hung in the air.
The villagers knew the Americans were
fighting the Vietcong, but they were afraid
of both sides. They just wanted to get back
to their rice fields and to be left alone.
The marines started to patrol. As they
fanned out, someone noticed a pump was
broken. Without a word, it was fixed.
VILLAGERS TRAINED
The next day, a group of villagers walked
over to the Marine headquarters, smiling
gratefully. Soon they were stanch allies.
A new cistern was built with sand and
cement bought by the marines from their
own pockets. After a Vietcong attack, Ma-
rine doctors treated several villagers, then
opened a center and helped up to 150
patients a day, 6 days a week.
"For Vietnam's 15 to 16 million people,
there are only 900 doctors," a senior officer in
the Agency for International Development
(AID) told this newspaper, "but 600 of them
are in the armed forces."
Others with medical training are either
elderly or saddled with political or other re-
sponsibilities, and can work only part time
in the health field.
Air Force Maj. Gen. James W. Humphreys
is AID's man in charge of the medical effort.
He is making radical changes in the program.
He is encouraging U.S. medical units to
train as many Vietnamese as possible.
These workers are trained in rudimentary
hygiene and health care.
Town health centers, safe from the Viet-
cong, are replacing vulnerable village sta-
tions.
Women are being encouraged to take up
nursing. This has been a challenge, because,
traditionally, nurses?like schoolteachers?
have been men.
"We've broken the tradition, we think,"
said one official. "Now 70 percent of new
nurses are female. Two years ago, it was
20 percent."
From time to time, AID officials tour the
United States looking for volunteer nurses
to serve in Vietnam. Recruiting drives have
been held' in Chicago, Los Angeles, and else-
where. Housing and other facilities are lim-
ited in Saigon, but officials accept as many
volunteers as they can.
FUND DRIVES SET
The war has also put a new focus on quick
courses-6 weeks to 3 months?for lower
echelon Vietnamese, to turn them into health
workers for rural areas.
The Vietcong killed 30 of these health of-
ficers last year, and the Government pay is
low?less than $1 a day. So the Vietnamese
are not rushing to volunteer.
The Vietcong tells villagers that Americans
will steal, kill, and torture. At the village
of Le My, 7 miles north of Da Nang, more
than one marine was killed by sniper fire as
they began handing out extra rice.
But the people saw that the rice kept com-
ing, that their children were, freely helped
by military doctors, that the "terrible" Amer-
icans smiled under their helmets.
A sergeant in Da Nang bought a small
horse to give children rides. Others gave
dolls to orphanages.
Then last September, the Marine Corps
Commandant, Can. Wallace M. Greene, Jr.,
decided to organize this "civic action" on a
wide scale.
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A 1136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
:.:STALIRANTS CHIP IN
fto authori7ed the 122,000 Marine reserv-
las in the Ifnited States to launch fund-
racing drives to give the South Vietnamese
more clothes, tools, blankets, food, and lum-
Tne eel ire operation is carried on through
CARE, a nonprofit organization. CARE re-
ceives the money, buys goods in Vietnam,
and channels it to the villages.
iceserve unil,s show films, out up advertise-
nwnts, stir enthusiasm. They do not han-
dle money themselves. They hand out yel-
low-nail-god envelopes, which donors Fend
to CARE, Inc., on Connecticut Avenue in
Washing-to, ,
Then. CARE forwards the money to Da
Na
reser V isIS' aim is $200,000 by March 1,
taiveral State Governors and mayors, in-
cluding George Romney, of Michigan; Wil-
liam W. Sera!! I011, of Pennsylvania; Edward
T. Breathilt, .Tr., of Kentucky; Richard J.
.Haiey, of Chicago; Jerome Cavanagh, of D-
I reit; rnd Joseph Barr, of Pittsburgh, have
opened drives in their areas.
Ci Sea , 5 restaurants donated their
Christmas Eve takings to the fund_ Dona-
tions have been pouring in at the rate of
82,000 a day.
a narrow, green-painted office in the
Marine Headnuarters Building iii Washing-
ton, a spokesman explained:
"he drive was launched just as commu-
nities were searching for ways to offset last
year's wave of anti-Vietnam demonstrations.
"People couldn't help us fast enough.
CARE, a hoe group to work with, is providing
oil kinds of material--school kits, tools, soap,
cloth, needles and thread, and so on."
air,E'S SUPPORT writ ii NEED
Another Mirine spok.esman continued;
"Cconeral Greene is a strong advocate of civic
action. Without the support of the people,
we can't hooe to really defeat the Vietcong
or find out what he's up to
The money is going to the four northern
Provinces of South Vietnam, where the Ma-
rine 3c1 Amphibious Force is stationed;
Thua Thien Quang Nam, Quang Tin, and
Quangingal. (These include the cities of Hue
and Da Nang.)
Tile drive illustrates how private Ameri-
can Institut ons are also helping fight the
other war.
The National Association of the Junior
Chambers of Commerce, for instance, has
been active in raising money.
And CARE?which delivered its first food
packages in France on May 11., 1046----is
typical of the person-to-person aid agencies
working in Vietnam.
Ile far in its history, CARE has delivered
;NW million worth of supplies in four con-
tinents. A !Milt organization of 26 service.
agencies, it works in Vietnam with several
other American organizations, including the
Catholic Relief Service, the Mennonite Cen-
tra.l. clommitiee. and the International Vol-
unteer Service.
The Marines also have joint United States-
South Vietnamese military teams acting as
military-civic cadres in the northern Prov-
neer
One of Doan, working near Hue, consists
01: four Marine units and eight Vietnamese
units of provincial troops, under a Marine
lientenau
"it hunts down the Vietcong in a village,
then stays to set the villagers on their feet.
I i..aiitiiis LEND AID
art,7 Malnes are proud of their civic-action
programs, limited as they are. They medi-
idly treated 134,119 Vietnamese between
March and December last year, handed out
1:11,916 pounds of food, 120,767 pounds of
clothes, and 40,946 pounds of soap, fed 33,387
refugees, evacuated 4,331 ill civilians, con-
ducted 40 English classes, and provided
$2,053 out of marine pockets.
Marines are satisfied that civic action?
hacked up with art efficient miTh,ary opera-
the best weapon they hay.,e.
In Le My last year, a Vietcong p;ii,rol forced
a village woman to guide it throligh an area
newly ocnapied by the marines.
She guided them straight to a Marine out-
post. She turned them in.
Another time, a Vietcong stra.gaier stopped
five village women on s. sampan and asked
help to find his patrol.
The women welcomed him aboar:.I. took him
downs tream---and pushed him int a the water
in front of a startled Marine sent) y, shouting
"Vietcong. Vietcong."
Marines had rebuilt .1.e Atfy's 'bridges and
schools, and reopened its marketuiace. They
were rear dig the reward of kindri.es.
Kindness. That's what the "ol, cer" war is
all about
Economic Growth in South estern
Pennsylvania
EXTENSION OF REMA iKS
or
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PEN NSY LVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT AT! VES
Thursday, February 17, 1966
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the
Regional Industrial Development Corp.,
of SOUtl-WeStern Pennsylvanie, known
in the Pittsburgh area RIDC,
is a nonprofit development co moration
establish i4l. under the laws of Pennsyl-
vania. It is concerned with the economic
development and industrial pvowth of
a nine-county area in southwestern
Pennsylvania in which more ULM 3 mil-
lion people reside. The principal objec-
tives of RIDC are to strengthen and cre-
ate new employment opportunities, to
broaden and diversify the i.idustrial
base of the region, to provide Lew land,
buildings and financing, for existing and
new companies, to upgrade Lie labor
force in f.elds where new skills s re called
for, and to make the region a unified
economic entity working for the growth
of the whole region,
As a measure of the success of this
energetic, imaginative organization, I ask
that "Highlights of the Past Yet" from
the 1965 RIDC annual report, be in-
cluded at this point in the Rzeonn.
The article follows:
mcimirmrs OF THE PAST Yr.
Employnient in the :region is the fighest in
a decade.
Unemployment is lowest recorded since
data compilation was begun, and rule is now
below thos, of United States and Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania.
New highs were recorded in eapiti.1 invest-
ment for paint and equipment.
More than 7.3 major industrial expansions
were announced or begun during the past
year.
Five new plants are in operation an under
const,ruction in the RIDC-Allegheny County
Industrial Park, representing an employment
of 1,500 persons.
The RIDC Industrial Developitelit. Fund
commitmerts now exceed $6,000,000 to 61
companies employing approximatety 3,000
people.
Retraining programs have been um tertaken
which have retrained 3,500 people in snore
than 175 separate courses and 50 :lifferent
subjects.
RIDC-spcnsored Pennsylvania Industrial
March a, if)GG
Development Authority projects now total
$14,000,000 ($5,900,000 in the past year).
The Pittsburgh region has established it-
self as the leading oxygen steelmaking Can-
ter in the world.
The regions' diversification continues with
the further growth of its research and de-
velopment facilities and with Pittsburgh
strengthening its position as a major ad-
ministrative, management, and corporate
center.
Profit in Filth
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM
OF NEERASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 24, 1966
Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker,
Rev, Daniel Lyons, S.J., writing in Our
Sunday Visitor, the National Catholic
ecumenical weekly, stated:
We used to be able to count cal our Gov-
ernment to protect us from salacious litera-
ture, but not any longer. Its sense of values
has been perverted. The Government pro-
tects us from drugs that harm the body, hilt
when it comes to , salacious literature or
seductive films that harm our morals, the
Government does not seem to care.
I strongly believe the legislative
branch of our Government does care, as
evidenced by the fact the House of Rep-
resentatives overwhelmingly passed my
bill last year to halt the unsolicited flow
of obscenity through the mails. This
legislation is now before the other body
and I am hopeful of early consideration.
Passage of this legislation, H.R. .980, will
show the American people we do care.
Cardinal Spellman said recently:
Our youth today is under assault from a
powerhouse of perversion.
Father Lyons may have been appealing
to the Congress of the United States
when he added:
For God's sake, do something abcart it.
I would commend Father Lyons' col-
umn to the attention of every Member of
the Congress:
THE RIGHT To DESTROY
(By Rev. Daniel Lyons,
Tell me what you read and I will tell you
what you are. Americans spend $2 billion
a year on pornographic literature. If the
merchants of filth traded only with aclults, it
would be bad enough, but three-fourths of
the pornography In the United States falls
Into the hands of young boys and girls in
their early teens.
Are you as an individual helping to pre-
serve the values on which our Nation was
founded, and on which it must; rely in order
to survive? Or are you, through your broad-
mindness and indifference, letting the youth
around you become corrupted? To aay that
"there is nothing I can do about it" is just
taking the easy way out.
We used to be able to count on our Gov-
ernment to protect us from salacious litera-
ture, but not any longer. Its sense of values
has been perverted. The Government pro-
tects us from drugs that harm the body,
but when it comes to salacious literature,
or seductive films that corrupt our morals,
the Government does not seem to care.
Morals do not seem to be of much impor-
tance. Just do not harm the body. The
courts themselves seem bent on abGlishile!,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March 3, 1966
standard, unacceptable by education or
other practical criteria.
Furthermore, the cutback in appropri-
ations for this program does not produce
any appreciable savings. Any reduc-
tion, at the expense of our schoolchil-
dren, particularly those who are under-
privileged and improperly nourished, can
only be viewed as a penny-wise and
pound-foolish program.
Many children, especially those from
low-income families, the ones who need
the milk most, will drop out of the pro-
gram. I can think of no better invest-
ment of our national resources than in
this milk program which strengthens the
bodies and health habits of our young
people. Since the Government is already
buying milk, I question whether there
are really alternate uses for this milk
that are more economic and important
than the milk school program.
Mr. Speaker, the school milk program
has proven over the years to be most
effective. I see no need to reduce this
program which has cost relatively little
and done so much.
INTEREST RATE INCREASE ON VOL-
UNTARY CIVIL SERVICE RETIRE-
MENT CONTRIBUTIONS
(Mr. OLSEN of Montana (at the re-
quest of Mr. McGRATH) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD, and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Speaker,
I have introduced a bill today to increase
the interest rate paid by the civil service
retirement fund on voluntary contribu-
tions of employees from 3 to 41/4 percent.
The 3-percent rate was first fixed when
the system of voluntary contributions
by employees under the civil service re-
tirement system was established by the
act of August 4, 1939?Public Law 263,
76th Congress?and is continued today
at the same old-fashioned, outdated rate.
We are continually being reminded
that the annuities payable under the
civil service retirement system are wholly
inadequate and afford little more than
a minimum standard of subsistence for
our elder civil service retirees. Just last
year our committee was instrumental in
obtaining legislation, Public Law 89-205,
to increase the annuitiA for the retirees,
all at the expense of the Government.
The voluntary contribution system
would permit Federal employees to con-
tribute additional amounts to the retire-
ment fund in order to provide a sufficient
annuity which will meet their needs
when they retire. It is these voluntary
contributions on which the Government
today is only paying 3 percent.
I believe the Government should pro-
vide an incentive to the employees and
encourage the system of voluntary con-
tributions to a much greater extent than
can now be expected when the Govern-
ment pays an outdated and fantastically
low interest rate of 3 percent.
In addition to providing additional
encouragement for the employee to plan
an adequate annuity for his future re-
quirements, an hierease in the rates of
Interest on these contributions will be-
come one of the Nation's additional
weapons in averting inflation and thus
coincide with the President's program
Just recently announced to increase the
rate on savings bonds.
Savings bonds yielded 2.9 percent in-
terest in 1941 at the time the voluntary
contributions were earning 3 percent.
The savings bond rate was increased to
3 percent in 1952, to 3.52 percent in 1957,
to 3.75 percent in 1959, and now has been
Increased to 4.15 percent. Certainly, we
should expect to pay at least this much
on the voluntary contributions by our
employees to the civil service retirement
fund.
It is perfectly ridiculous when the 3-
percent rate is compared to the mini-
mum 41/2-percent rate now being paid by
savings and loan associations, or the 51/4
to 51/2 percent that the Federal Housing
Administration now permits to be
charged on FHA mortgages.
Mr. Speaker, we certainly are not be-
ing fair to our employees by permitting
the 3-percent rate to continue. I believe
we should encourage the employees to
contribute greater amounts as voluntary
contributions and thus assist the Presi-
dent in his program to avert inflation
under the current economic situation. I
will urge for immediate consideration of
this legislation before our Committee on
Lf)/Post Office and Civil Service.
VIETNAM?FACTS ARE NEEDED
RATHER THAN FANCY
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Delaware [Mr. McDowEra.] is
recognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, in the
current debate over national policy in
Vietnam almost everybody claims to be
an expert. The position of some of the
self-styled experts only goes to prove
how essential it is to have the facts be-
fore rushing into print, or onto the air-
waves.
Some of those in a position to present
their views to the public do have the
facts, while others are in the main moved
by fancy. It is for this reason that I
call to the attention of my colleagues the
following two articles by writers in pos-
session of the facts.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
Mar. 1, 19661
WASII/NGTON CLOSE-UP: VIET DESERTIONS:
FIGURES AND FACTS
(By Richard Fryklund)
The Government of South Vietnam has
added up the number of deserters from its
armed forces during the last year. The total
is more than 100,000.
In fact, South Vietnam has counted about
100,000 deserters annually for 3 years.
This is a huge number for a country that
has only 675,000 men in all its forces, regular
and home guard. In fact, any army that
loses 100,000 men through desertions 3 years
running simply cannot survive.
Clearly something here does not make
sense. Either the Army of South Vietnam is
collapsing or the figures are wrong or those
men aren't really deserters.
Washington officials say it is easy to rule
out a collapse of the South Vietnamese Army.
It has never been in better shape. It is
fighting at least as well as the enemy. It
is growing. It is getting better equipment.
Its morale is good.
A year or two ago a collapse would have
been possible, but not today.
Could the figures be wrong? Certainly
not that wrong.
The South Vietnamese Army keeps pretty
good statistics now, using methods taught
by American military advisers.
The men are fingerprinted and photo-
graphed as they are enlisted. The Toll is
called every morning and anyone who doesn't
answer "here" is put on the deserter list.
This is where we find a departure from
the practice of the American Forces. Here,
a man is listed as "absent without leave"
when he first fails to turn up and becomes a
deserter only when it is clear that he does
not intend to return.
But even if a missing South Vietnamese
soldier returns the next day and apologizes
for overstaying a pass, he still becomes a
number on the desertion list. No one knows
how many of the listed deserters are really
AWOL, but there must be many of them.
tinder the South Vietnamese system, a
deserter can also be a man who transferred
himself to another outfit without any legal
formalities.
American advisers in South Vietnam say
that it is common for a soldier, particularly
a new recruit or a draftee, to leave his as-
signed base, return to his home village and
reenlist as a home guardsman or even a
regular.
He is listed as a deserter from his original
outfit, but the South Vietnamese Govern-
ment understands the deep feelings of a
peasant for his home and for the graves of
his ancestors and so it tolerates such
transfers.
Some men, of course, are real deserters.
They go over to the enemy or go home.
What this true figure is, no one can say for
sure. Pentagon estimates indicate it has
been about 20,000 or 30,000 a year for several
years.
This is a high desertion rate, too, but it
also is misleading.
Men seem to desert without too many
qualms and often without severe punish-
ment from the armies on both sides in South
Vietnam.
The Communist forces, regulars, irregulars,
and organizers who can bear arms, number
about 235,000 men now. About 1,600 of
these men deserted in January and came
over to the Government's side. How many
went home is not known. Through Febru-
ary 15, another 1,167 deserted.
On an annual basis, the enemy probably
has a desertion rate therefore, of something
like 5 or 10 percent. The South Vietnamese
rate cannot be any higher.
It is probable, however, that the Vietcong
rate is going up while the Government rate
is going down. For the last 3 years, the
strength of the Government forces has in-
creased from 400,000 at the end of 1963 to
676,000 at the end of 1964 to 675,000 at the
end of 1965. But the official desertion rate
has been rather steady.
The present high rates on the enemy side
are setting wartime records and may indicate
an important new trend.
Despite desertions, both sides are able to
maintain their strength and even grow,
mostly by volunteers.
Draft figures on the enemy side are not
known but the South Vietnamese regular
armed forces have only 13 percent draftees?
a figure comparable with that of the Ameri-
can Army. All of the home guard forces,
about 100,000 men, are volunteers.
The South Vietnamese people, then, must
be roughly as willing to fight for their village
or country as are Americans.
If, even after all the corrections, the de-
sertion figures for South Vietnam cannot be
easily reconciled with American experience,
it may simply be because of differences in
custom and outlook. The figures may always
puzzle us, but they need not be cause for
alarm.
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HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH AND
DE VELOPMENT
(Mr. FALLON (at the request of Mr.
McGamm) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
tECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FALI,ON. Mr. Speaker, I have to-
day introduced legislation which would
amend title 23 of the United States Code
to provide for even greater highway
safety research and development on all
of our Nation's roads than now exist.
During the entire operation of the Fed-
eral-aid highway program from its in-
ception in 1916 to the present date the
question of safety has been one of the
outstanding factors in the operation of
the program. The Committee on Public
Works which reported out the great Fed-
eral-Aid Highway Act of 1956 and which
has handled the operation of this pro-
gram during the ensuing years has been
acutely aware of the need ? for writing
into any legislation authorizing highway
construction the proper controls for
safety measures including needed re-
search. In our legislation we have con-
sistently sought to bring out highway de-
sign factors which would contribute the
maximum possible safe operation of the
i.Tiads for the users thereof. This in-
cludes such items as wide bridges, firm
shoulders with gentle slope, elimination
of roadside obstructions and few inter-
sections.
The legislation that I have introduced
today will further implement this course
of highway safety we have followed in
1,he committee through the entire opera-
tion of the Federal-aid highway pro--
gram. There is need to cut back the
appalling loss of life and injuries that
are suffered day in and day out on the
various roads of our Nation. The com-
mittee was acutely aware of this last year
and last year it adopted the so-called
Baldwin amendment which provides that
atter December 31, 1967, each State
should have an adequate highway safety
Program as approved by the Secretary of
Commerce.
We will continue in the Committee on
Oublic Works in the future to pay the
most careful attention to safety factors
in highway construction and do all with-
di our legislative power to see that the
day will come when the drivers on our
Nation's roads will be able to travel from
one section of our Nation to the other
he safest and most practical manner.
would like to include at this time a
brief digest of the highway safety re-
;gionsibilities of the Bureau of Public
;toads of the Department of Commerce
under the applicable Federal-aid high-
way laws reported by the Committee on
Public Works:
,,,ATINTENTS CONCERNING HIGHWAY SAFETY
iii.:FSPONSIBILITIni OF THE BUREAU OF Pan-
1(0 UNDER APPLICABLE LAWS
Highway safety is a predominant and in-
"heron]; factor throughout the whole Federal-
-id highway program since its inception un-
der the Federal Highway Act of 1916.
Some of the statutory references to safety
appearing in title 23 of the 'United States
Code (which has codified all of the Federal
highway laws enacted throughout the years)
are as follows:
Section 109(a), vvhthh provides that plans
and specifications for projects shall only be
approved if they will adequately meet the
existing and probable future needs and con-
ditions in a manner conducive to safety.
This provision stems from section 8 of the
1921 act..
Section 109:d) relates to official traffic
signs and signals which will promote the
safe arid efficient utilization (A' highways.
Section 307,a) expressly authorizes the
Secretary to ergage in research on all phases
of safety.
Section 307(7) expressly presides that the
States may use up to 114 porcent of? their
apportioned Federal-aid funds for various
types of planning surveys and investigations,
including safety studies.
Section 125 :Baldwin amendment), which
was enacted on August 28, 1965, presides
that after December 31, 1967, each State
should have an adequate highway saletN, pro-
gram as approved by the Secretary, and
places the responsibility on the Secretary to
establish uniform standards for such pro-
gram.
Section 313 of title 23 directs the Secre-
tary to assist in carrying cut the notion
program of the President on highway ssfety.
The act approved on July 14. 1960, presides
that the Secretary of Commerce shall estab-
lish and maintain a driver register sen ice?
in the interest of safety.
Pursuant to iection 117 of the Federal-Aid
Highway Act of 1916, the Secretary of Com-
merce was directed to make a comprehensive
investigation and study on the whole sub-
ject of highway safety. This study reflects
the magnitude and complexity of the high-
way safety program and the various reipon-
sibilities of the Secretary of Commerce and
the Bureau of Pubic Roads in such regard.
Copy of this report is enclosed.
The Bureau a now engaged in a hirtway
safety improvement projects program. The
status of this program is redected Ir the
enclosed statements.
On December '1, 1961, the Office of High-
way Safety was established in the Bureau as
a major unit, headed by a Director. At pres-
ent, this office has a complement of 51 per-
sonnel on board, with an authorized com-
plement of 68 in order to meet personnel
requirements iacident to developing al and-
ards under the Baldwin amendm.ent. The
current budget for this present fiscal year is
$1.2 million.
The Bureau's budget for highway sifety
research for 1966 is $2.3 million, ape. for
1967 is $6.6 million.
It is estimated that upon completien of
the interstate there will be a total savings
of 8,000 lives aanually due to highway i:fcci-
dents.
COLICIUSiOI it should be said that high-
way safety is ir terw oven in ail phases o: the
Federal-aid highway program.
(Mr. MINISFE (at the request of Mr.
McGRATn) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at -this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
1Mr. 1VEINTSTI'S remarks will ap war
hereafter in the Appendix.)
SCHOOL MILK PRO3RAM
(Mr. KASTENMEIER, (at the request
of Mr. McG RATH ) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD, and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mi.. Speaker, I
am introducing a bill today to establish
a permanent special milk program for
children.
Although milk and dairy products
have been made available for school
lunch programs since 1955, conditions
arose recently which threaten to cut off
this supply. The school milk program
is scheduled to be terminated on June
30, 1967. Furthermore, the Department
of Agriculture had notified all school
districts that after February 1, 1966, al-
locations for the special milk program
would be reduced by 10 percent. For fis-
cal 1967, beginning July 1, the admin-
istration plans to cut spending on school
milk from $103 to $21 million.
Originally set up as only a school pro-
gram, this special milk program was
later expanded to include summer camps,
nursery centers, and other child-care in-
stitutions. It is estimated that between
24 to 26 million children daily in 92.000
to 93,000 schools throughout our Nation
received around 3 billion half pints of
milk through this program in 1965. Al-
though the program is not compulsory,
it encourages children to drink more
milk by making it available at a price
that most children can afford, generally
3 to 4 cents on the average for a half
pint, and at no cost to those children
who are unable to pay for the milk.
Mr. Speaker, at a time when our Gov-
ernment is spending millions of dollars
to rehabilitate school dropouts, is en-
larging the food stamp program and car-
rying on a war against poverty, it is
inconsistent to curtail a program that
adds to the health, energy and vitality
of children who are in school. The
school milk program is of vital impor-
tance for our youngsters because milk
contains nutrients essential for good
health. Milk is an important factor in
building proper diet habits. Further-
more, we know -that a well-nourished
child learns better than an undernour-
ished child.
The proposal to distribute milk on the
basis of economic need is unreasonable in
view of the way the program works with-
in our schools. At present it is posstile
to take a milk break at midmorning. All
students are able to stop for a moment
in their studies and enjoy the wholesome
benefits of milk. Not only does this pro-
vide them immediate nourishment and
enhance their ability to continue their
studies, it also establishes good health
habits. Instead of running to the coke
machine, they are finding that milk pro-
vides more of their needs and contributes
more to the building of healthy and
sound bodies.
If the proposal to limit the program to
the needy is enforced, school adminis-
trators are going to be asked to segre-
gate those students whose parents have
a low level of income from those who can
afford to buy the milk. Not only is this
requesting something our schools are
not geared to do, but it also is likely to
create an artificial barrier between stu-
dents.
As a result many students are likel,c to
forgo accepting milk :rather than accept
the stigma of being labeled poor and un-
able to pay for a glass of milk. It would
be in my judgment a grave mistake to
replace the broad and vastly popular milk
program with one geared to some poverty
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[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Mar. 2,
1966]
THE UNTOLD SToRy: VICTORY?
(By Joseph Alsop)
Instead of gabbling interminably about
escalation, this town would do well to begin
talking about the possibility of winning the
Vietnamese war.
The antiescalators are either ignorant or
dishonest; for they never mention the key
fact, that it is the enemy who has been doing
the escalating. If the enemy is in the proc-
ess of putting in another eight divisions, as
explained in the last report in this space, the
President has only two possible choices. He
can retreat and surrender, or he can match
the enemy's increase of force.
But this escalation by the enemy is like
a medal with two sides. On one side, it
demands a greater American effort. But on
the other side, it gives a stronger promise of
American success. For it is really like a last
high raise in poker, which exhausts the
raiser's resources, but by no means exhausts
his opponent's resources.
To see why this is so, one must first turn
to the Mao Tse-tung-Vo Nguyen Giap book
of rules of guerrilla warfare. In phase I of
such a war, says the book, the guerrilla
movement is organized. In phase If, classi-
cal guerrilla war is carried on, with ever-
increasing ferocity but always in small units,
guerrilla-style combats, until the other side
is hanging on the ropes. And when?but
only when?this point is reached, phase III
begins with the organization of larger units,
of at least regimental strength, to finish off
the other side in large conventional battles.
The rule book is particularly strict about
continuing phase II until victory in phase
III is absolutely certain. When General de
Lattre de Tassigny took over the command
in the French war, General Giap entered
phase II prematurely. After only one really
major setback, Glap at once returned to
phase It, and he patiently remained in phase
It until ,Dienblenphu, over 3 years later.
According to the rule book, a similar return
to phase II should have been the enemy's
response when he was taken by surprise by
the large-scale American intervention last
summer. There are good reasons to believe
there was an argument about this, no doubt
among the North Vietnamese leaders, and
also between Hanoi and Peiping.
Lin Piao's famous, outwardly ferocious
paper on "People's War" contains clear evi-
dence of this argument; for it includes an
interminable recitation of rules from the
book, all of which are now being broken by
the North Vietnamese and Vietcong. In
Communist discourse, in circumstances of
this sort, such things are not said accident-
ally.
Why, then, is phase III being obstinately
continued? The answer almost certainly is
that no other choice was open, because of the
impairment of the Vietcong infrastructure
by the effort to enter phase HI.
This was a very big and very costly effort.
In 1964-65, the Vietcong recruited, trained
and put in the field no less than 18 main
force regiments, bringing their own force
of regulars up to the equivalent of 8 divi-
sions. The northern divisions also came
south: By the spring of 1965, therefore, the
Vietcong infrastructure was carrying the
heavy burden of a regular army of 10 divi-
sions, additional to the local and guerrilla
forces.
For this purpose, every promise to the vil-
lage people had to be broken. Very heavy
taxes were levied. Universal, press gang-
style conscription was enforced. Thus ex-
pansion to enter phase III both alienated the
villages, and diluted the Vietcong military
units, at every level from guerrilla band up
to main force regiment, with great numbers
of raw, unwilling conscripts.
No. 38-10
Apparently therefore, it was considered too
dangerous to respond to the arrival of the
Americans by contraction to phase IT, with
all its bitter overtone of hope long deferred
and the struggle long continued. The course
now being followed, however, is also acutely
dangerous.
The main danger is the added strain on the
Vietcong infrastructure. If the intelligence
is correct, the infrastructure's 1965 burden
of a regular army of 10 divisions will grow,
by the end of 1966, to the burden of an army
of 20 divisions.
This army's weapons and ammunition will
of course come from the north. But every-
thing else must be found in the south?
countless recruits to fill gaps in the ranks;
manpower for greatly expanded porter bat-
tallions; food and many other supplies, and
so on and on.
This will be no light burden. In fact, it is
so clearly excessive that Hanoi's current re-
inforcement of the Vietcong is just as clearly
a one-shot proposition?a last high raise in
the game, In fact. And those who make a
last high raise can always be beaten by those
with the resources and the guts to call and
raise again.
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to Mr. PELLY (at the
request of Mr. GERALD R. Foal)), for week
of March 7, 1966, on account of official
business in his congressional district.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. AYRES, for 1 hour, today; to revise
and extend his remarks and to include
extraneous matter.
Mr. QUIE (at the request of Mr. Doll
H. CLAUSEN) , for 10 minutes, today; and
to revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous material.
Mr. McDowELL (at the request of Mr.
MeGRATH) , for 15 minutes, today; and to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks
was granted to:
Mr. MuLTER and to include extraneous
matter, notwithstanding the cost esti-
mated by the Public Printer to be $468.
Mr. Fitio in three instances.
Mr. MicHEL in four instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. MCMILLAN and to include a speech.
Mr. Puitsix in five instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. POLANcO-ABREU to revise and ex-
tend his remarks in the body of the
RECORD and to include a concurrent
resolution.
Mr. PoLANeo-ABREu in one instance to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter.
(Mr. HORTON asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks in the
body of the RECORD in two instances and
to include extraneous material.)
Mr. MORTON to extend his remarks fol-
lowing the remarks by Mr. FINDLEY dur-
ing debate on H.R. 12322 today.
Mr. HAGEN of California in four in-
stances and to include extraneous matter.
Mr. ULLMAN (at the request of Mr.
MeGaAru) to extend his remarks fol-
lowing the remarks of Mr. PATMAN dur-
ing his special order today.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN) and to
include extraneous matter:)
Mr. QUILLEN
Mr. KING of New York in five instances.
Mr. LIPSCOm B.
Mr. MATT-1ms in three instances.
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN.
Mr. CEDERBERG.
Mr. BRAY in two instances.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. MCGRATH) and to include
extraneous matter:)
Mr. CORMAN.
Mr. POWELL.
Mr. GONZALEZ.
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina in two
instances.
Mr. UDALL.
Mrs. GREEN of Oregon in six instances.
Mr. BURTON of California.
Mr. RONCALIO in two instances.
Mr. TUTEN in two instances.
Mr. DULSKI in two instances.
Mr. FARNSLEy.
Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania in two in-
stances.
Mr. Mixisx in two instances.
Mr. FASCELL.
Mr. DANIELS.
Mr. MONAGAN in two instances.
Mr. BURKE.
Mrs. SULLIVAN in two instances.
Mr. MULTER in three instances.
Mr. VANIK in two instances.
Mr. FARBSTEIN in three instances.
Mr. JACOBS in two instances.
Mr. OLSEN of Montana in three in-
stances.
Mr. NEDZI in four instances.
Mr. RYAN in two instances.
Mr. HAGAN of Georgia in two instances.
ENROLLED BILL SIGNED
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
committee had examined and found
truly enrolled a bill of the House of the
following title, which was thereupon
signed by the Speaker:
H.R. 12653. An act to provide for the
participation of the 'United States in the
Asian Development Bank.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. McGRATH. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the House do new adjourn.
The motion was agreed to; accordingly
(at 5 o'clock and 55 minutes p.m.), under
Its previous order, the House adjourned
until Monday, March 7, 1966, at 12
o'clock noon.
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS,
ETC.
Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive
communications were taken from the
Speaker's table and referred a.4 follows:
2131. A letter from the Acting Comptroller
General of the United States, transmitting
a report of examination of financial state-
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1680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March ?, 1943
ments, fiscal year 1964, Federal Housing Ad-
ministration, Department of Housing and
urban Development, pursuant to the provi-
sions of 31 U.S.C. 841 (H. Doc. No. 401); to
the Committee on Government Operation
and ordered to be printed.
A letter from the Secretary of Agri-
culture, transmitting a draft of proposed leg-
Lela Hon to assure to our Nation's children
ite,i^..SS to this country's abundance of food, to
improve the nutrition level for children and
hi is to serve their health and well-being and
their incen lave to learn through cooperative
re:lend-State efforts in a nationwide child
nutrition program, and to provide for the
conduct of this comprehensive effort by the
Deperiment of Agriculture as a part of
its basic 'Paid and nutrition responsibilities;
to the Committee on Agriculture.
e133. A letter from the Director, Bureau of
the Budget, Executive Office of the President,
ininsmitting a report that, the appropria-
tion to the Civil Service Commission for
iialaries and expenses for the fiscal year 1966,
has been apportioned on a basis which indi-
cates the necessity for a supplemental esti-
mate of appropriation, pursuant to the pro-
visions of 31 U.S.C. 665; to the Committee
on Appropriations.
2134. A letter from the Acting Comptroller
General of Hie United States, transmitting a
rep rt of potential savings to be realized by
providing C/overnment quarters in lieu of
payment of quarters allowances to U.S. mili-
tary personnel in Taiwan, Department of
Defense; to the Committee on Government
Operations.
2 i.35. A letter from the Acting Comptroller
General of ine United. States, transmitting a
report of review of self-employment tax
payment and collection practices, Internal
:Revenue Service, Treasury Department; to
the Committee on Government Operations.
2136. A letter from the Commissioner,
immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S.
Department of Justice, transmitting a report
fel orders entered in the cases of certain
aliens whin have been found admissible to the
United States, pursuant to the provisions of
eection 21.2(e) (28) (I) (ii) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act; to the Committee
on tile judiciery.
2137. A letter from the Commissioner, rine
migration and Naturalization Service, U.S.
Department of Justice, transmitting a report
OF copies 01' orders suspending deportation?
as well as a list of persons involved, pursuant
to the provisions of section 244(a) (1) of the.
immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, as
amended; to the Committee on the
Judiciary.
A letter from the Commissioner, Im-
migration and Naturalization Service', U.S.
tlepartment of Justice, transmitting a report
of copies of orders suspending deportation
as well as a list of the persons involved, pur-
imane to the provisions of section 244(a) (2)
of its Immigration. and Nationality Act of
1952, as amended; to the Committee on the
Judiciary.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEF,S ON
l'UBLIC BILLS AND RESOLU-
'1TONS
Uncler clause 2 of rule XITT, reports Of
eonlmittees were delivered to the Clerk
for printing and reference to the proper
calendar, as follows:
Mr. POWEIT,: Committee on Education
Jed Labor. H.R. 11322. A bill to provide a
. program of Federal assistance 1;0 elementary
'''hoots throughout the Nation to improve
educationai opportunities through provision
or the services of child development special-
ala and to provide a program of Federal as-
eistane.e for the training of such elementary
eehool personnel in the institutions of higher
education., and for other edireational pur-
poses; with .an. amendment (Rep No. 1306) .
Referred to the Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the TJnian.
PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Under Clause 4 of rule XXII, public
bills and resolutions were introduced and
severally referred as follows:
By Mr. BURLESON:
H.R. 13254. A bill to amend title 38, United
States Code, to provide disability compensa-
tion; to the Committee on Veterins' Affairs.
By Mr. FARBSTEIN:
H.R. 1.255. A bill to amend Me Federal
Firearms Act; to the ,Committee on Ways
Means,
By Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD:
H.R. 13256. A bill to assist in he promo-
tion of economic stabilization hi,/ requiring
the disclosure of finance charges in connec-
tion with extensions of credit; ti, the Com-
mittee on Banking and Currency.
By Mr. :HARSHA:
H.R. 13257. A bill to restore non-service-
connecteC. veterans' pensions which have been
reduced or eliminated because of the receipt
of increased social security benefits; to the
Committee on Veterans' Affairs.
By Mr. HARVEY of Indiana,
HR. 13258. A bill to amend title 39, United
States Code, to provide that the rates of
postage for parcel post mailings to and from
members of the US. Armed Forci.s overseas
shall be chargeable at the first parcel post
zone rate, and for other purposes; to the
Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.
By l5./Ir. MATTHEWS:
11.R. 13259. A bill to amend tile Public
Health Service Act to provide for he estab-
lishment of a National Eye Institute In the
National institutes of Health; to the Com-
mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
By Mr. OLSEN of Montana:
H.R. 13260. A bill to amend Me Older
Americans Act; of 1965 in order to Frovide for
a National Community Senior Serv..ce Corps;
to the Committee on Education ant I Labor.
By Mr. PIRNIE;
H.R. 13261. A bill to authorize the Secre-
tary of Agriculture to regulate Lae trans-
portation, sale, and handling of cogs., cats,
and other animals intended to be used for
the purposes of research or experinentation,
and for other purposes; to the CJrnmittee
on Agriculiiure.
By Mr RODIN();
HR. 13262. A bill to provide a pi ogram of
pollution control and abatement ir selected
river basins of the United States through
comprehensive planning and financial assist-
ance, to amend the Federal Water Pollution
Control Acs, as amended, and for other pur-
poses; to the Committee on Public Works.
By Mr. TAYLOR:
HR. 13263. A bill to provide a special milk
program for children; to the Committee on
Agriculture.
MR_ 13264. A. bill to nn able the ldnainis-
trator of Veterans' Affairs to parttapate in
programs to encourage qualified persons to
follow health service careers; to the illommit-
tee on Veterans' Affairs,
By Mr. BEECHER:
HR. 13265. A bill to name the at. thorized
lock and dem No. 18 of the Verdigris River
in Oklahoma and the lake created thereby
for Newt Graham; to the Committee on Pub-
lic Works,
13y Mr. BOW:
H.R. 13266. A bill to provide for rhe pro-
totype construction of a commerchil super-
sonic transport airplane, and for other pur-
poses; to the Committee on Inters ate and
Foreign Commerce.
By M7. FARNSLEY:
H.R.:13267. A bill to araend Public Law
660, 86th Congress, to establish a National
Traffic Safety Agency to provide .national
leadership to reduce traffic accident losses by
means of intensive research and vzorous ap-
plication of findings, and for othe: purposes;
to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce.
By Mr. FINO:
H.R. 13268. A bill to amend he Public
Health Service Act by adding a new title X
thereto which will establish a program to
protect adult health by providing assistance
in the establishment and operal ion of re-
gional and community health protection cen-
ters for the detection of disease, by providing
assistance for the training of personnel to
Operate such centers, and by prcviding as-
sistance in the conduct of certiria research
related to such centers and their operation;
to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce,
By Mr. HELSTOSKI:
HR. 13269. A bill to establish a Federa:
Commission on Alcoholism, and for other
purposes; to the Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce.
H.R. 13270. A bill to amend section 212(a)
(14) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
to waive the labor certification requirement
with respect to nonpreference immigrant
aliens from any Communist or Communist-
dominated country or area; to the Commit-
tee on the Judiciary.
HR. 13271. A bill to amend section 201(d)
of the Immigration and Nationality Act to
provide that quota numbers traneferred to
the immigration pool shall be available for
issuance of visas to nonpreference immigrant
aliens; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
H.R. 13272. A bill to amend section 8 of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to
provide for increased grants for construction
of treatment works; to the Committee on
Public Works.
By Mr. KASTENMEIER:
HR. 13273. A bill to provide a spe.:ial milk
program for children; to the Committee on
Agriculture.
By Mr. HER:
H.R. 13274. A bill to provide necced addi-
tional means for the residents of run 1,1 Amer-
ica to achieve equality of opportunity by
authorizing the making of grants r or com-
prehensive planning for public services and
development in rural community areas des-
ignated by the Secretary of Agriculture; to
the Committee on Agriculture.
By Mr. KORNEGAY:
H.R. 13275. A bill to provide a permanent
special milk program for children; to the
Committee on Agriculture,
By Mr. NELSEN:
111/. 13276. A bill to amend the cropland
adjustment program established pur tuant to
the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 to
provide for priority participation by persons
inducted or recalled into active duty with
the Armed Forces by the United States; to
the Committee on Agriculture.
By Mr. O'BRIEN:
H.R. 13277. A bill to amend the 'Revised
Organic Act of the Virgin Islands to provide
for the reapportionment of the Legislature
of the Virgin Islands; to the Commi ttee on
Interior and Insular Affairs.
By Mr. PEPPER:
H.R. 13278. A bill to assist city demonstra-
tion programs for rebuilding shin and
blighted areas and for providing the public
facilities and services necessary to improve
the general welfare of the people who live
in these areas; to the Committee on Bank-
ing and Currency.
HR. 13279. A bill to provide incenl ives to
planned metropolitan development ,iced to
otherwise assist urban development; Lo the
Committee on Banking and Currency.
H.R. 13280. A bill to amend the Nitional
Housing Act to provide mortgage insurance
and authorize direct loans by the Housing
and Home Finance Administrator, M help
finance the cost of constructing and equip-
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