SUPPORT OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S VIETNAM POLICY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040006-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: March 24, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

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6336 CONGRESS :L RECORD - HOUSE March. 2J, 1966
and the world today is population con- our coed to the gentleman from meats in a recent editorial entitled "Clos-
trol. It is now generally recognized New Yorl: .irman. CELLER, the patri- ing Ranks."
throughout the world that unless prompt arch of c legation, recognizing fully It notes the unanimous vote given by
and effective steps are taken to check that we, will miss her. the 39 Governors who attended a White
the galloping rate of population growth, That t;: ,tion shared Mr. CELLER's House conference, and says this "is fur-
awesome consequences are inevitable. sorrow we mbolized by the presence ther buttressed by the latest public opin-
Unless effective steps are taken to curb of the Pre rat at the funeral services ion poll which showed more than 7 to 1
this growth, the world is faced with the in New Yo The President stood for approving the President's actions."
stark reality of another dark age, en- the comm. :.Ly of peoples and faiths I believe a great deal of the recent in-
shrouded in hunger, poverty, overcrowd- which this country of our represents. He crease in support approving the Presi-
ing, wars and famine, ending in human, stood for the compassion and under- dent's actions comes from the favorable
cannibalism or exploding into possible standing of a government which we reaction of the American public to the
nuclear war. sometimes think of as too large to be Honolulu Conference and the recent em-
That is the view of many, including personal. He stood in a Jewish house of phasis of the administration on the so-
some of the world's foremost scientists worship yesterday as a mark of rccogni- cial political and economic reforms to be
and statesmen. tion of the magnificent contributions carried on in South Vietnam.
President Johnson has sounded the that the gentleman from New York, The recent visits of the Vice Presi-
warning repeatedly, and so have many EMANUEL CELLER, has made to the coun- dent, the Secretary of Agriculture and
other world speakers. Here in Congress try, contributions to which he was ever the Secretary of HEW all indicate the
I have joined with others in the introduc- urged by his now departed wife. importance of the United States support-
tion of legislation to set up two sub- Ing the economic and social reforms in
Cabinet posts to disseminate birth con- South Vietnam to create a strong gov-
trol information upon request, at home HOSPITAL AND EXTENDED-CARE ernment.
and abroad. FACILITIES An important part of this was the
There is a pressing need for a crash (Mr. DOW asked and was given per- recent establishment of former Major
program. Nothing less will suffice. mission to address the House for 1 minute General Lansdale as Minister to South
An unequal race is being waged today and to revise and extend his remarks.) Vietnam. This is a great step forward
between human production and food pro- Mr. DOW. Mr. Speaker, I have very in recognizing the importance of being
duction, with the population growth out- recently addressed a letter to the Presi- successful in all parts of the conflict in
stripping food production each year. dent and to Secretary Gardner of the De- southeast Asia.
Let us look for a moment at this growth partment of Health, Education, and Wel- The editorial commenting on the sup-
rate. It is appalling. In 1930 there fare asking that they set up a national port given the President will be of inter-
were only 2 billion people on this earth. commission to deal with the emergency est to my colleagues, and with this in
In 1970 it will be 4 billion; and by the that may be created by medicare, if hos- mind I shall ask unanimous consent that
year 2000, at the present rate, the figure pital facilities do not prove to be the article be inserted in the Appendix.
will reach 7.4 billion, according to the adequate [The matter referred to appears in the
Population Reference Services. I have received alarming reports from Appendix.)
Any good that results from foreign aid doctors and social workers in my district.
in the underdeveloped countries is large- They arc short of nurses to operate avail-
ly wiped out by the increase in popula- able equipment, to say nothing of the REDS ADMIT THEIR ROLE IN
tion. Any such aid, to be meaningful, shortage of hospital beds. DOMINICAN REVOLT
should be tied to education and free dis- On January 1, 1967, we will be com- (Mr. WAGGONNER asked and was
semination of birth control information. mencing the benefits provided as post- given permission to address the House
Without that, our assistance becomes an hospital extended care, or nursing-home for 1 minute, to revise and extend his
exercise in futility. care. We will be assuming this operation remarks, and to include an editorial.)
We spend billions on poverty, with its with a national shortage of 500,000 beds Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I
effectiveness offset or negated by exces- in such nursing homes. Many of the take no real pleasure to bringing to the
sive births among recipients. In the existing homes are not up to par in meet- attention of this body the frank admis-
United States we are told that 9 out of ing proper standards. sion of the heirarchy of international
every 10 impoverished women still lack We know that an Advisory Council and communism that they armed and fo-
competent birth control information and a National Medical Review Committee mented the revolt last April in the Do-
assistance. have been provided under the existing minican Republic.
Mr. Speaker, time is running out. medicare legislation. However, neither Anyone whose head is not in a pink
There is no time to waste. Every pos- of these groups has emergency author- cloud knew that the revolt was their
sible effort should be made to educate ity to take positive steps to cope with doing as the President said, but for the
the general public and arouse them to bottlenecks, lack of facilities, personal first time, we have their open admission
the seriousness of this problem, along disappointments and public outcries at that they tried it and were blocked only
with the free dissemination of the best the critical times and places when mcdi- because of the intervention of the
birth control information that can be care benefits will be demanded, and then United States. There is a group in the
provided. prove to be unavailable. In some places executive branch and one in the other
and critical situations it may be neces- body that will not like this public ad-
PRESIDENT JOHNSON ATTENDS THE sary to set up emergency facilities. mission because they have stoutly denied
FUNERAL OF MRS. EMANUEL Authority for this should be provided. that Communists had any part in that
CELLER Mr. Speaker, I urge that all of us in the upheaval and have bitterly criticized this
Federal Government address ourselves to Government for stepping in to protect
(Mr. FARBSTEIN asked and was given this problem so that we will not be this hemisphere from additional Corn-
permission to address the House for 1 charged with lack of foresight later this munist encroachment. Not only did this
minute.) year or next when medicare becomes our / misguided group originally take that po-
Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, it was obligation, sition, but they have continued to hew
to pay tribute to a fine American lady ~J to that line in spite of every evidence to
and the husband she Inspired to great SUPPORT OF PRESIDENT JOHN- the contrary. It will be interesting, if
achievements in the Congress that Presi- SON'S VIETNAM POLICY saddening, to see what this clique has
dent Johnson yesterday attended the to say now that the Communist confes-
funeral of Mrs. Emanuel Celler. The (Mr. ADAMS asked and was given sion is a matter of public record.
death of Stella Celler is a personal loss permission to address the House for 1 Frankly, Mr. Speaker, it would not
to each of us in New York. She was a minute.) surprise me too much if they try to ig-
wompu who would not be defeated by Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Speaker, the sup- nore this confession and stick to their
illness or age. She retained her vitality, port given the President fur his policies own little party line to the effect that
her dedication and her boy of life to her in Vietnam has been greatly strength- Communists had no part in the Domhri-
last moments. We New Tr c v r m S. White
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 March 24, A 3gyved For ReleC48&afS5ya&]iI Q8WJ)B004A&4 400040006-8
The proposal contained in the report
prompted the announcement a few days
ago that Solvay has been prepared to go
much further. The company is very
interested in the possibililty of joining
with the county in the development of
a single treatment facility to deal with
the industrial waste and the municipal
sewage in Nine Mile Creek, the stream
into which Solvay's waste water flows.
Solvay has offered to pay for the feasi-
bility study. A spokesman for the di-
vision terms the action "a growth in com-
pany policy," but I believe it is much
more than this. At the very least it is
an example of Solvay's responsible rec-
ognition of a problem, its progressive
willingness to contribute to a solution,
and an expression of leadership that both
other industries and units of govern-
ment should emulate.
I am hopeful that the true spirit of co-
operative federalism, resting, as it must,
on local initiative and planning, will
bring about in the very near future the
long awaited restoration of Onondaga
Lake.
H.R. 13993, HORTON BILL TO ALLOW
AN INCOME TAX DEDUCTION FOR
CERTAIN COSTS OF MOVING
(Mr. HORTON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, my col-
leagues will recall the strong support I
voiced and voted yesterday in behalf of
H.R. 10607, a bill to provide reimburse-
ment to Federal employees for many of
the costs they incur when they are re-
quired to move from one job location to
another. I believe we acted wisely in
according Government employees a pro-
tection that is already practiced widely
in private Industry.
However, there is another aspect of
these moving expenses that deserves our
consideration and constructive correc-
tion, and this problem involves all em-
ployees, public or private, who receive
reimbursement for moving costs. I am
referring to the tax treatment of such
reimbursement.
Certain categories of reimbursement
for employee moving expenses; namely,
travel costs of the employee and his im-
mediate family as well as the costs of
moving household goods from the old to
new place of employment, have not been
considered income to the employee and
thus have not been taxed. As a logical
extension of this tax-free treatment, the
88th Congress provided that these ex-
penses, whether reimbursed by a new em-
ployer or paid for by the employee chang-
ing employers, in his move from one
location to another, were similarly
deductible.
The problem presented and that which
my new bill seeks to overcome is that the
aforementioned expenses do not embrace
the total cost burden to a moving em-
ployee. Just as we have legislatively rec-
ognized in H.R. 10607, he faces-
The expenses of a house-hunting trip
for himself and his wife;
Temporary living costs at his new lo-
cation while he and his family await the
arrival of their household effects;
The fees and other costs of selling his
old house;
Expenses attendant on the purchase of
a new house, such as attorney fees and
other closing costs; and
The numerous items commonly con-
sidered as a lump sum or miscellaneous
figure, including appliance connections,
licenses, size adjustments, and other in-
cidentals.
Repeating, H.R. 10607 recognizes these
items as a burden on the moved Federal
employee that his Federal Government
employer should assume. Similarly,
many private concerns already make
provision for the reimbursement of these
costs.
But, the benefit of reimbursement be-
comes considerably diminished when the
employee must treat it as ordinary in-
come. Further, his employer is required
to withhold from it and report it in the
same manner as the employee's wages.
A taxpayer who carried a case through
the courts involving his belief that he
should be permitted a deduction for re-
imbursement received lost out when the
Supreme Court denied a review. How-
ever, in opposing the review, the Attorney
General argued that Congress rather
than the Court should decide the issue
Involved.
Thus, Mr. Speaker, I believe there is
this additional reason for a congressional
response to the present unfair tax treat-
ment of thousands of Americans required
to move from one place to another each
year because such a move is required by
the nature of their employment or the
mobility of our economy.
For two principal reasons, first, that it
Is manifestly inconsistent for the Gov-
ernment to recognize the legitimacy of
these expenses for reimbursement on the
one hand while taxing that reimburse-
ment as income on the other, and second,
that it is not proper policy for Govern-
ment to impose a drag on the necessary
mobility of our society and economy.
I urge my colleagues to consider closely
the need for this legislation with the
hope they will join me in working for its
prompt passage.
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL
Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, on roilcall No. 268, on Septem-
ber 8, 1965, a quorum call, I am recorded
as absent. I was present and answered
to my name. I ask unanimous consent
that the permanent RECORD and Journal
be corrected accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Tennessee?
There was no objection.
demonstrated the fact that most Amer-
icans support our present Vietnam policy.
The principle of. free speech is deeply
ingrained in our American life and it
has proven its benefits over the years.
The arguments we have heard have
served to crystallize the areas of con-
troversy, to define the Issues more clearly
and, therefore, to give all Americans a
better opportunity to understand our
course of action.
An editorial appearing in the March
11, 1966, issue of Life magazine com-
ments on this debate. It suggests that
we should now call a truce on such di-
visive debate and give the administra-
tion an opportunity to demonstrate what
it can accomplish in Vietnam.
I suggest that such a pause would be
wise and would serve our Nation's inter-
est well. While we recognize that there
is not total unanimity of opinion on all
phases of our Vietnam policy, there is
substantial agreement by a great ma-
jority of Americans in support of it.
Let us now get on with the job. Our
position has improved, our troops have
the initiative. Let us spend the next
few months determining how to give
them the maximum support rather than
engaging in a great debate which will
gain no material purpose.
The editorial follows:
From Life magazine, Max. 11, 19661
TIME FOR A PAUSE IN THE BIG DEBATE
The overwhelmingly favorable vote on the
President's request for an additional $4.8
billion in funds for Vietnam shows that most
Congressmen recognize the need to pay for
our commitments. Even so, the action.was
not accomplished in a spirit of pure unanim-
ity. Senator FULBRIGHT cast an approving
vote only because he belatedly decided that a
money bill is not the proper place to amend
policy. Seventy-five Members of the liberal
House Democratic study group thought it
necessary to explain their "ayes" did not
mean that they favor unrestrained or indis-
criminate enlargement of the military effort
in Vietnam (as if anyone did).
Congress reflects the undercurrent of dis-
sent and controversy that continues to flow
beneath our Vietnam policy. But for all
their qualms and misgivings most Americans
seem convinced that the hard course chosen
by the administration is the correct one. The
conviction of this majority deserves to be
honored too.
The debate during the last 2 months has
been enlightened, and enlightening, in our
tradition of free speech. FULBRIGHT'S forum,
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
hearings, succeeded in defining the main is-
sue as whether or not we can or should con-
tain Red China. Answers to this come no
easier, but the questions make more sense
than they often did before.
Now that the hearings are complete, and
the money deposited to account, perhaps the
G 1 l - time has come to recognize that we are en-
TIME TO REPLACE DEBATE WITH
SUPPORT
(Mr. BROOKS asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks and include an editorial.)
Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, for many
weeks there has been a continuous dia-
log concerning the U.S. activities in Viet-
nam. While this discussion has dis-
closed areas of controversy, it has also
gaged in a war in Vietnam which can in fact
be won. President Johnson observed a 37-
day pause in the bombing at the beginning
of this year, to give North Vietnam a chance
(which it ignored) to respond with some
pacific gesture. How about a 37-day pause in
the criticism to let the President's policy
go forward unhindered? Or better yet, a
137-day pause, during which time the admin-
istration should have a real opportunity to
show what can be accomplished militarily
and otherwise in Vietnam. After that, crit-
icism might be appropriate or even-who
knows? unnecessary.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 24, 1966
COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND
CIVIL SERVICE
Mr. 'UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
Unanimous consent that the Committee
on Post Office and Civil Service may have
lentil midnight tonight to file a report on
IL.R. 6845.
The SPEAKER. Without objection,
it is so ordered.
There was no objection.
YJONFEr:ENCE REPORT (H. REPT. No. 1347)
The committee of conference on the dis-
zgreeing votes of the two Houses on the
amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
Git45), to correct inequities with respect to
the basic compensation of teachers and
reaching positions under the Defense De-
partment Overseas Teachers Pay and Per-
;onnel P:racticess Act, having met, after full
,n.d free conference, have agreed to recom-
mend and do recommend to their respective
[louses as follows:
Amendment numbered (1) : That the
douse recede from its disagreement to the
a.niendmentof the Senate numbered (1) and
ngree to the same with an amendment as fol-
lows: On page 2 of the House engrossed bill,
strike out line 13 and all that follows down
through line 13 on page 3, and insert in
lieu thereof the following:
"(c) Section 5 of such Act (73 Stat. 214;
Public Law 86-91; 5 U.S.C. 2353) is amended
by adding at the end thereof the following
new subsection:
"'(c) On or before the 15th day of Jan-
nary in each calendar year beginning after
the date of enactment of this subsection,
ishe Secretary of Defense shall report to the
respective Committees on Post Office and
Civil Service of the Senate and the House
of Representatives the following informa-
0on.-
" ' (1) The number of teachers separated
from teaching positions subsequent to the
close of the immediately preceding full
school year;
' (2) the number of such separated teach-
ers who :returned to the United States;
"'(3) the number of such separated tech-
era placed in positions as teachers in the
United States following such separation;
"'(4) the number of such separated teach-
er; returned to positions as teachers in the
United States under voluntary reciprocal in-
terchange agreements with school jurisdic-
tions In the United States;
"'(5) the number of such separated teach-
ers placed in positions as teachers in the
United States through special placement as-
astanee programs of the Department of De-
fense and the military department;
"'(6) the number of such separated teach-
ers who (A) were separated at their own
request and (B) were separated involun-
tarily;
"'(7) the number of such separated teach-
ers who had served in teaching positions (A)
three years or more and (B) five years or
inure;
"'(8) the number of new teachers ap-
pointed to teaching positions at the begin-
ning of the school year current at time of
the report; and
"'(9) the number of such new teachers
obtained through voluntary reciprocal inter-
change agreements with school jurisdictions
in the United States.' "
And the Senate agree to the same.
Amendments numbered (2), (3), and (4)
That the House recede from. Its disagreement
to the amendments of the Senate numbered
(2). (3), and (4) and agree to the same.
Tom MURRAY,
J. H. MoasisoN,
MORRIS UDALL,
H. It. GROSS,
JAMES T. BROYIiILL,
Managers on the Part of the House.
MIKE MONRONEY,
RALPH W. YARBOROUGH,
JS NNINGS RANDOLPH,
By M. M.
FRANK CARLSON,
HIRAM L. FONG,
Managers on the Part of the Senate.
STATEMENT
The managers on the part of the House at
the conference on the disagreeing votes of
the two Houses on the amendments of the
Senate to the bill (H.R. 6845) to correct in-
equities with respect to the basic: compen..
sation of teachers and teaching positions
under the Defense Department Overseas
Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act,
submit the following statement in explana??
tion of the effect of the action agreed upon
by the conferees and recommended in the
accompanying conference :report:
Amendment No. (1) : This amendment
struck out subsection (c) of the first sect tort
of the House bill which contained provisions
to the effect that a teacher shall not be eli.?
gibie to hold a teaching position or positions
overseas for any period exceeding 5 consecu-
tive years with the exceptions (1) that any
teacher who returns to the United States for
not less than 1 year shall be eligible again to
hold a teaching position or positions over-
seas for an additional period not exceeding
5 consecutive years, and (2) that the Secre-
tary of Defense may extend such 5-year pe-
riod to not more than 8 years, when neces-
sary in the public interest in individual
cases.
The House recedes from its disagreement
to amendment numbered (1) and agrees to
the same with an amendment which adds a
new subsection (c) to section 5 of the De-
fense Department Overseas Teachers Pay and
Personnel Practices Act requiring annual re-
ports by the Secretary of Defense to the Com-
mittees on Post Office and Civil Service of the
Senate and House of Representatives with
respect to teachers subject to such Act.
Specifically, the new subsection. (c) pro-
vides that, on or before the 15th day of
January of each calendar year beginning
after the date of enactment of the confer-
ence agreement, the Secretary of Defense
shall report to the Committees on :Post Office
and Civil Service of the Senate and House of
Representatives the following information:
(1) The number of teachers separated
from teaching positions subsequent to the
close of the immediately preceding full
school year;
(2) The number of such separated teach-
ers who returned to the United States;
(:3) The number of such separated teach..
era placed in positions as teachers in the
United States following such separation;
(4) The number of such separated teach-
ers returned to positions as teachers in the
United States under voluntary reciprocal
interchange agreements with school juris-
dictions in the United States;
(5) The number of such separated teach-
ers placed in positions as teachers in the
United States through special placement as-
sistance programs of the Department of De-
fense and the military departments;
(6) The number of such separated teach-
ers who (A) were separated at their own re-
quest and (B) were separated involuntarily;
(7) The number of such separated teachers
who had served in teaching positions (A) 3
years or more and (B) 5 years or more;
(8) The number of new teachers ap-
pointed to teaching positions at the begin-
ning of the school year current at time of the
report; and
(9) The number of such new teachers ob-
tained through voluntary reciprocal inter-
change agreements with school jurisdictions
in the United States.
In reaching agreement with respect to
amendment numbered (1), the committee of
conference makes several observations with
respect to the intent of such agreement.
This conference amendment requires the
Secretary of Defense to report annually, to
the respective Committees on Post Office and
Civil Service of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, certain statistical data with
respect to the numbers of teachers who are
appointed to overseas teaching positions, who
are separated from such positions, who are
returned to the United States after such
separations, and who are placed in positions
as teachers in the United States after such
separations, as well as with respect to the
number of years served by teachers In over-
seas teaching positions.
This amendment recommended by the
committee of conference is intended, and is
needed, to provide the Senate and House
Committees on Post Office and Civil Service
complete, accurate, and timely information
each year for the exercise of their legislative
oversight responsibilities with respect to the
programs for the improvement and revitaliza-
tion of the overseas dependents school sys-
tem and its corps of teachers which are to
be placed in effect by the Secretary of
Defense as set forth hereafter.
This past of the conference agreement was
adopted in the light of strong and persuasive
reports from the Department of Defense, the
three military departments, and organiza-
tions of teachers that the "rotation" system
provided by subsection (c) of the first sec-
tion of the House bill is unworkable. To
operate any plan or program of rotating em-
ployees between Federal positions overseas
and in the United States, there must be a
reasonable number of positions of the kind
involved not only in overseas areas but within
the 50 States. The military departments
have over 6,000 teaching positions that must
be filled overseas, whereas the Government
operates only a relatively few schools in the
United States. It is clear that the number
of possible vacancies In federally operated
schools within the United States would be
completely inadequate to support a rotation
program.
The managers on the part of the House
feel, however-and conferees for the Senate
expressed agreement-that the fundamental
rotation principle involved in subsection (s)
of the first section of the bill, as passed by
the House, is sound and desirable and that
its purpose should be implemented to the
extent possible. An alternative to contribute
to the achievement of those purposes, devel-
oped in negotiations with representatives of
the Department of Defense, was considered
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24, L
"I think they will liquidate it by them-
selves in the course of time."
Mr. Kennan was talking exactly 1 month
after the Tri-Continental Communist Con-
ference in Havana.
Representative ARMISTEAD SELDEN, Demo-
crat, of Alabama, chairman of the House
Inter-American Affairs Subcommittee, called
that conference a "Mein Kampf" of interna-
tional communism.
Seven hundred and eighty-two Communist
delegates and observers from 95 countries
were present.
They produced what was termed by the
Organization of American States a "declara-
tion of war" against the governments of
Latin America.
The U.S. representative at the OAS con-
ference called the Havana meeting "the latest,
in some respects, the most blatant and open
effort of the U.S.S.R., Communist China, and
Cuba * * * to extend their power and in-
fluence in the free world."
Not a word of this in Kennan's testimony.
Listening to him, the conference never took
place, or at least was too unimportant for
comment.
On the contrary, he assured us that we can
now "sit back."
"It was just a year ago," wrote the Wash-
ington Report of the American Security
Council on January 17, "that the Soviet Em-
bassy in Havana summoned Communist
Party delegates from 22 countries of the
Western Hemisphere to a secret conclave.
Solidarity plans were mapped for fomenting
revolution and guerrilla warfare in six Latin
American countries and a fund of $100 mil-
lion was set up to finance the objective."
Was there any mention of this in Ken-
nan's testimony?
Not at all.
On the contrary, he rejoiced because
"someone else pays the bills in Cuba." The
fact that the money spent is aimed at de-
stroying us doesn't seem to bother Kerman.
This kind of testimony from Senator FuL-
BRIGHT'S "expert" is frightening.
McNamara-Gloom, No Dooitn
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, if
there ever was any evidence that a credi-
bility gap does exist today, that evidence
can be found in the remarks of various
Federal Government officials in recent
years.
The following article published in 1965
in the New York Herald-Tribune illus-
trates the crisis in credibility on the part
of one Government official:
MCNAMARA-GLOOM, No Doom
(Five times before, Secretary McNamara
has traveled to Vietnam. Five times he has
reported to the President. These are com-
ments reported after the conclusion of each
trip: "Progress in the last 8 to 10 weeks has
been great * * *. The Government has asked
only for logistical support." -May 1962.
("The major part of the United States mili-
tary task can be completed by the end of
1965, although there may be a continuing re-
quirement for a limited number of U.S. train-
ing personnel." -October 1963.
("We have every reason to believe that (U.S.
military) plans will be successful in 1964."
-December 1963.
("We are confident these plans point the
way to victory." -March 1964.
("This is a war for the confidence of the
people and the security of these people, and
that kind of war is a long, hard war.")
-May 1964.
(By the Associated Press)
SAIGON.-Defense Secretary Robert McNa-
mara said yesterday the Vietnamese situa-
tion has deteriorated in many ways in the last
15 months but "the picture is not all black."
Mr. McNamara, ending a 5-day survey of
the Vietnam war, spoke at a news conference
hours after Vietnamese police had seized four
suspects in an apparent attempt to assassi-
nate outgoing U.S. Ambassador Maxwell
Taylor.
The Defense Secretary later flew back to
Washington to report to President Johnson
on his sixth trip to Vietnam since May 1962.
He refused to discuss how many American
servicemen may be added to the approxi-
mately 75000 now on duty in South Vietnam,
saying: "i can only tell you that our recom-
mendations will be directed toward fulfilling
the commitment of our Nation to support the
people of Vietnam in their fight to win their
independence."
Byelorussian Independence Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. WILLIAM STANTON
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 15, 1966
Mr. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, a most
persistent theme of Soviet propaganda
has been that in the Soviet Union racial
and ethnic groups enjoy perfect freedom
to pursue and develop their distinct na-
tional cultures within the framework of
the Soviet system. This clever move had
deceived millions of people, but all well-
informed people of the free world know
that it is a hoax, a mere sham. We know
that what the Soviets do is almost the
opposite of what they say in this as in
many other respects. Not only are the
nationality groups within the Soviet
Union denied the freedom to follow
their own national cultural, artistic and
educational development, but this is also
forbidden even in the allegedly sovereign
Soviet satellite countries. The leaders in
these countries do not even contemplate,
for fear of brutal reprisals by their mas-
ters in the Kremlin, doing anything that
would arouse the wrath of their Commu-
nist overlords.
The story of the Byelorussians is a
case in point. These gifted and genial
people, today numbering more than 10
million, have had their ups and downs
in their turbulent history. In modern
times theirs has been a sad ar}d tragic
lot. After enjoying relative peace and
prosperity through the Middle Ages and
in early modern times, their country was
overrun by the Russians in the 17th cen-
tury and it became part of the Russian
empire. For centuries they strove to
maintain their distinct national traits
and national traditions . They kept alive
their sentiment of nationality, and the
spirit of freedom they never allowed to
shrivel. And in the First World War,
when the Russian empire was crushed in
A1705
the Revolutions of 1917, these people saw
their chance to free themselves and pro-
claimed their independence on March 25,
1918.
That memorable event took place 48
years ago. Since then untold numbers
of catastrophic events have overtaken
the Byelorussians, but these events have
no extinguished their long-cherished
spirit of national independence and free-
dom. Their independence lasted for
about 2 years; and soon Communist Rus-
sians put an end to that, making Byelo-
russia a part of the Communist Soviet
Union. There the Soviets imposed their
rigid and inflexible tyranny, and turned
the country into a large prison house.
Amid all the misery and suffering pre-
vailing there for more than four decades,
it is encouraging to know that the Byelo-
russians still cherish their national goal,
their freedom and independence. On the
48th anniversary of their independence
we ardently hope that some day and soon
they will cast off their Communist yoke
and regain their freedom.
Rescue Service in Space?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. LESTER L. WOLFF
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 22, 1966
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I include
in the RECORD the following editorial
from a recent edition of the New York
Times, as I believe the proposal for a
space rescue service merits study, as does
any suggestion that would increase the
safety of those intrepid men who are
expanding the limit of man's under-
standing of the universe.
RESCUE SERVICE IN SPACE?
American and Soviet disclosures last week
of specific hazards in manned space travel
have indicated at least the outlines of needed
next steps in space safety.
The Gemini 8 astronauts, it has now been
made clear, were in extreme peril while their
capsule was rolling wildly. A short-circuit
of the type that caused their plight can never
be totally eliminated as a risk in the complex
electronics of space. From Moscow, mean-
while, has come word that a malfunction a
year ago forced two Russian cosmonauts to
land in a snowbound forest far from their
target area. They could not be rescued for
2 days.
No doubt, engineers will make further
progress in building protective and back-up
equipment to reduce the danger of break-
downs in flight. Yet, the likelihood that
mishaps will occur even with the most in-
genious safety system makes it desirable that
consideration be given now to the practicality
of organizing a space rescue service, prefer-
ably under cooperative auspices of the United
States and the Soviet Union.
Its function would be to send space craft,
on very short notice, to aid a space vessel
marooned in orbit and incapable of returning
to earth under its own power. In some cases
the need might be for additional rocket fuel
or replacement parts; in others the primary
function might be to save lives by taking
aboard the crew of a disabled capsule.
Man has already demonstrated that his
basic capabilities in space hold out the po-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX March 24, 1966
r,>ntiality for such an emergency road service
.n the iaeavens. He can "walk" in space;
e can make precise calculations for the
rendezvous and link up of space ships; with
relatively little development, tow trucks of
the cosmos may be a regular part of the
:safety arrangements for each new step on
Ike road to the moon.
Mr. Dubinsky's Well-Earned Rest
1iiXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
ZION. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI
1)t' ILLINOIS
l1V THE HOUSE: OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday. March 2.2, 1966
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as were
his multitude of admirers and friends, I
Loo was saddened to learn that David
Dubinsky is retiring as general president
of the International Ladies' Garment
Workers.
The news was unexpected and con-
a;til,utes a tremendous loss to the labor
movement. I was saddened because of
the great contribution David Dubinsky
has made not only to the cause of union-
ium but to his country, and because it
is hard to imagine the international and
domestic scene without his active partic-
ipation. Although no giant in physical
size, he is indeed a giant among labor
leaders in our country.
Of the many articles, editorials and
columns I have read concerning Mr.
Dubinsky's retirement, John Herling's
recent column in the Washington Daily
News seemed to me to express unusually
well the essence of the man David
nubinsky is and the sense of loss his
members and so many of his friends must
feel. I would like to bring it to the atten-
tion of my colleagues.
David Dubinsky has unquestionably
earned the privilege of spending his lat-
ter years in a less strenuous life, un-
doubtedly pursuing interests of special
concern to him. It is my hope that he
will continue to give to his members and
the American people the benefit of his
vast experience and wisdom.
Fortunately, Mr. Dubinsky's successor,
Louis Stulberg, brings a wealth of expe-
rience to his new position. Happily,
1-1,G's petite representative on Capitol
l:iill, Miss Evelyn Dubrow, will continue
to advise us and charm us as we consider
legislation of interest to her union and
t;o the welfare of the country. In spite
of her own sadness about Mr. Dubinskv's
retirement, I am sure she will continue
to serve well in her dedication to the
principles for which he fought for so
many years.
Tile article follows:
DOTns!'.,KY Bows OUT
(By John Herling)
The announcement of the presumed re-
Lirement of David Dubinsky as general presi-
dent of the International Ladies' Garment
Workers Union comes under the head of un-
believable news.
At the age of 74 D.D. seems to be able to go
on forever, with the acquiescence of mern-
bera, leaders and the public Itself. He has
made remarkable contribution to the life of
his city, State and Nation. His effectiveness
in his American field of interests was
matched by his ready response to interna-
tional causes.
All of this comes quite naturally to `iim.
Pa., in his career there run the stream!i of
several lives. First, as the young teenage
revolutionary in Russian Poland, he literally
fought czarist tyranny all the way to prison
and worked. for the unionization of workers.
When he finally escaped from the Russian
police, he came to the United States in 1911,
burning with zeal for carrying on the work of
social justice. He did this through the So-
cialist Party as well as through the cust.ers
local. Local leadership led to larger respon-
sibility in his international union.
By the middle 1920's, lie was deep n a
hand-to-hand conflict with the Communists
who nearly destroyed the ;[LGWU. If ever it
could be said that history was written --or
made-by survivors, it could be said of
Dubinsky.
When he succeeded to union presidency in
19:32, he was on the eve of yet another career:
The reconstruction of his union, Its enlarge-
ment of purpose, and identification with
public causes. No union. responded more
creatively to the stimulus of Roosevelt's New
Deal, whether it was through bringing co-
herence to a, chaotic industry or by stimulat-
ing the cultural life of the country through
the fantastic success of "Pins and Nccdle,"
a musical show of social significance which
has become a part of the American theater
tradition, or through the aggressive support
of the anti-Fascist and anti-Nazi effort;; at
home and abroad.
Ho became important in and to the Anieri-
can labor movement. He brought to ii so-
phistication and it sense of maneuver. lie
participated in the early stages of the CIO
and then withdrew from it. When he and
his union rejoined the A.F. of L. he became
ac>L,ive in unifying the labor movement. By
this time his friendship with F.D.R., Gover-
nor Lehman, and Mayor La Guardia moved
him into the limelight which he has rover
shunned. Over the past three decades, his
sharp jibes and shouting, ebullience have
brought laughter and light to occupanla of
the White House as well as residents of U ally
House, his union's summer resort.
We are not attempting here :T comprel,en-
sivo evaluation of David Dubinsky. As a
man he can be generous; as a union official
penny-pinching. He is by turns efferves-
cently candid or annoyingly secretive. lie
lluctuates from a mood of bouncing, cha.s-
sidic enthusiasm to the calculating role of a
tight-lipped, cold-eyed cardplayer. His pride
has often led him to excesses of affection or
to ruthlessness in his relations with his col-
leagues. With a group of staff employees who
took his organization example too literally
and organized a union of their awn, he be-
came an implacable foe. But he bled a little
in the process.
.Above all, Mr. Dubinsky has brought Ran
to his many environments and his friends.
His zest is infectious. If you disagree with
hire, he is apt to regard you as one suffr-ing
from an illness of some doubtful origin.
Even when you agree with him, he expects
you to agree absolutely. He won't take a
mere "yes" for an answer, as some of the
employers in the garment industry have
learned.
Now the ILGWU will be facing real trou-
ble-it will have to learn how to build a life
without father. Most of its officials and
nearly all of the union's membership have
known no other president. What is certain,
they will never know another such..
Export Controls on Cattle Hides
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
ZION. MASTON O'NEAL
OF GEORGIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. O'NEAL of Georgia. Mr. Speak-
er, I would like to join my colleagues
who have expressed deep concern over
an injustice to our livestock producers
resulting from a Department of Com-
merce order imposing export Controls
over cattle hides.
I am no longer shocked when agricul-
ture is singled out to take the loss in a
back-door attempt to impose Federal
price controls. I do wonder, however,
just how long the American farmer will
be able to exist on a smaller and smaller
share of the consumer dollar.
In a statement presented to the Sub-
committee on Livestock and Feed Grains
of the House Agriculture Committee, I
attempted to show that the entire live-
stock industry has been adversely affect-
ed by the export control order.
I am taking the liberty of inserting :my
testimony in the RECORD to call attention
to the need for a careful reconsideration
of the matter:
STATEMENT PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE AGRICUL-
TURE COMMITTEE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON LIVE-
STOCK AND FEED GRAINS, BY MASTON O'NE:AL,
MEMBER OF CONGRESS, SECOND DISTRICT OF
GEORGIA
Mr. Chairman, like so many of my col-
leagues who are concerned over any develop-
ment adversely affecting the American
farmer, I was surprised to learn of the deci-
sion of Secretary of Commerce Connor to :im-
pose export quotas and validated license
control over cattle hides.
I have been advised by it number of con-
stituents that the order has already re-
suited in the reduction of prices on live cattle
by the equivalent of 25 cents per hundred-
weight.
I am deeply concerned over the fact that
our livestock producers are suffering as the
result of a seemingly arbitrary decision by
Secretary Connor. And I should add that
the decision is totally inconsistent with
previously announced departmental policies
to promote the exports of livestock by-
products.
It should be pointed out that the quota
does not just affect livestock producers for
we do not know with certainty from where
the 25 cents per hundredweight on cattle is
coming. We are all representatives of con-
sumers and should be particularly interested
in the answer to such a question.
Mr. Chairman, I for one question the wis-
dom of imposing export controls on cattle
hides when it seriously affects the entire
cattle industry.
The Department of Commerce says its
move was designed to check an inflationary
trend in leather prices. However, I deem
the move unwise and unnecessary, for we
are apparently dealing with a temporary sit-
uation that should correct itself within a
year or so, or perhaps less.
Evidence indicates that the increased de-
mand for exports resulted from the serious
drought in Argentina. The reduced exports
of hides from Argentina are already being
reversed. The South American Republic has
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 24, 1966
stitutes nothing short of a high-handed
shakedown," BYRD said, adding that those
who do not honestly believe home rule to be
the best solution for Washington's troubles
"may get their windows smashed."
Not every Senator is willing to lay it on
the line like that. That's why our respect
for BOB BYRD continues to grow. In a dis-
agreeable task that has nothing to do with
West Virginia, but one that has to be done
nevertheless, he is doing what he always
does-a conscientious job without fear of
the consequences.
Reasonable and
whatever political
for it.
responsible people of
persuasion admire him
Correct Approach
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 22, 1966
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
Chicago Daily News comments editori-
ally on the thesis that while contain-
ment of Red China is essential, it would
be desirable to end China's isolation from
the family of mankind.
The paper believes:
The reexamination of American policy is
all to the good if it illuminates the difficul-
ties standing in the way of a change In
American-Chinese relations as well as the
desirability of such a change.
The editorial on "The Unreachable
Dragon" sheds light on a timely matter
of great concern to us all, and believing
that others will want to peruse its con-
tents, I offer the article for inclusion in
the RECORD :
THE UNREACHABLE DRAGON
But to do either would mean abandoning
the Nationalist Chinese on Formosa, whose
cause we have espoused since the Commu-
nist takeover on the mainland. Even if, in
the long run, Nationalist China should
weaken in its contention that it is the law-
ful ruler of all China, there is no sign that
Peking will abandon Its claim to Formosa.
- It is this issue, more than any other,
that has isolated Red China. In the periodic
Warsaw talks between representatives of the
United States and Red China, nothing of
substance is talked about because Peking
sets as a precondition our abandonment of
the Chiang Kai-shek government on For-
mosa. In short, the isolation of Red China
is largely of Peiping's own making, and Mao
seems to prefer it that way.
There is, in fact, much internal benefit
to Peking in its hostility toward the United
States. As long as the people can be per-
suaded that the United States is a mortal
enemy, the Government has a lever for mak-
ing them work harder to build up the Com-
munist state. A show of friendship on the
part of the United States clearly calls for
fast rebuttal such as that directed at Vice
President HUMPHREY.
The reexamination of American policy is
all to the good if it illuminates the difil-
culties standing in the way of a change in
American-Chinese relations as well as the
desirability of such a change. But it is hard-
ly a time for believing that a few kind words
or simply wishing for better relations will
bring them about.
(IN
The Question of Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LESTER L. WOLFF
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
. Tuesday, March 22, 1966
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to include in the RECORD the follow-
ing article on Vietnam which appeared
in the February 4, 1966, issue of the
Weekly Nation, one of the foremost mag-
azines of the Philippines. It presents a
view of the Vietnamese conflict from a
nation that has long been a stanch
friend.
The article follows:
It is still uncertain whether the reexami-
nation of U.S. policy toward Red China fore-
shadows a shift in that policy. Some shift
of emphasis is evident, however, in the atten-
tion paid the hearings last week before the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and in
the weekend statements. of Vice President
HUMPHREY. HUMPHREY appeared at least to
adopt the thesis that while containment of
Red China is essential, it would be desirable
to end China's isolation from the "family of
mankind."
Peking's answer was prompt and ugly.
The Communist Party publication Jenmin
Jih Pao said HUMPHREY offered a "kiss of
Judas" that "cannot fail to disgust the Chi-
nese people."
This exchange should dispel any illusions
that Red China is ripe for offers of friend-
ship, or that dealing with Peking on any
rational terms will be easy. The reasons for
treating Mao Tse-tung and his crowd as out-
laws are still valid, and underlined by every
move and statement Peking makes.
But an outlaw that already has some
nuclear capability and is rapidly expanding
In that field cannot be ignored. If it is true
that the United States and Red China are on
a collision course, a change of course by one
or the other or both is imperative.
While the experts differ on how to "con-
tain" China, there is essential agreement
that this phase of our effort is correct. The
main drive for a shift of course on our part
will come, then, as it applies to isolating Red
China. The suggestion Is increasingly heard
that we welcome Peiping into the United Na-
tions, and perhaps work toward diplomatic
recognition of the Communist regime.
THE QUESTION OF VIETNAM
(By O. S. Villadolid)
(NoTE.-We have chosen the path of help-
ing an ally fight in a war that is as much to
the interest of the Philippines as it is to the
free world. The alternative, which is to dis-
engage completely from the Vietnam conflict,
is unthinkable.)
"As far as I am concerned," said President
Marcos last week, "the Philippines is already
involved in the war in Vietnam."
The view of the President represents one
side. The other side, shared by exponents
of noninvolvement in the "dirty" war next
door, maintains the fine distinction that
Filipinos are merely engaged in humanitarian
efforts and warns that dispatch of combat
engineers will automatically Involve the
Philippines in the Vietnam war.
In a Very real sense, President Marcos up-
holds a point of view which commonsense
dictates. This can best be illustrated by
the case of a Filipino 'aid. official last year in
Vietnam who, caught by the Vietcong guer-
rillas during a raid, raised his hands in sur-
render and asked that his life be spared
because he was engaged in humanitarian
work.
"I am a Filipino," he was reported to have
said. But the Vietcong raiders shot him
just the same. His body was found riddled
with bullets-and his throat slit.
NO EXCEPTION
This is the grim reality of any war, and
Vietnam is not an exception. While many
of us would wish to think that our "no-
involvement" In Vietnam could save our
men, the ugly reality is that men and na-
tions on opposite sides of the ideological
fence are locked in a bitter, desperate strug-
gle in Vietnam for supremacy in Asia. It is
a war where the doctrine of Mao Tse-tung's
"protracted struggle" through wars of na-
tional liberation is meeting its severest test,
the outcome of which holds untold conse-
quences for the remaining free countries in
the Asian rimland and in southeast Asia. It
is not difficult to imagine what the stakes
are. Vietnam, a chunk of the former French
colony of Indochina, forms an indispensable
part of the rice bowl of Asia. It has, for
centuries, been the gateway to southeast
Asia, where conquering armies, the most re-
cent being the Japanese, passed to bring
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philip-
pines and the Pacific islands near Australia
down to their knees. With its archipelagoes,
southeast Asia abounds with rich natural
resources which any ambitious nation must
covet to hold power. Geographically, its
strategic importance cannot be overlooked.
For it dominates the gateway between the
Pacific and Indian Oceans, flanking the In-
dian subcontinent on one side and Australia
and New Zealand on the other. Indeed, the
loss of southeast Asia to communism would
upset the balance of power against the free
world in this area. And South Vietnam's
loss would not only make defense of the
rest of southeast Asia very costly but
unmanageable.
REPERCUSSIONS OF FALL
The Importance of South Vietnam to
Philippine national security can best be
appreciated in the light of the assessment of
the recently concluded chiefs of mission
conference. The envoys agreed that Philip-
pine defenses against communism would be
weakened by South Vietnam's fall, that a
Communist victory in that area would en-
courage the Communists to step up subver-
sion of free governments in southeast Asia,
including the Philippines, and that the pres-
ence of Asian troops would help win support
Meeting newsmen at Malacafiang, Mr. Mar- for South Vietnam. No less than President
cos said all that has to be decided is what Marcos, in an interview with the Weekly
kind of aid to send the South Vietnamese: Nation, said that the Philippine people have
Engineers? Combat troops? Engineers a big stake in South Vietnam. "For this
guarded by, combat troops? The President, reason, the Philippines should participate
who is also commander in chief of the armed more actively in cooperation with the free
forces, underscored that the very presence world In stemming the tide of communism
of a Filipino contingent in Vietnam reveals in that part of the world," the President said.
involvement of the Philippines in the Viet- Obviously to underscore his point beyond
namese war. "The Philippine - colors are equivocation, Mr. Marcos said that "at this
showing in South Vietnam," he said. stage, I believe that the Philippines Should
Indeed, as debate over expanded Philip- take active part in the Vietnam war, and I
pine assistance to South Vietnam headed intend to convene the council of leaders to
for early consensus, the question may well be resolve dispassionately the pressing need for
asked: Are we or are we not involved on the a more active Philippines role in the pro-
side of the free world in the war in Vietnam? tracted struggle for supremacy between our
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A
Bicentennial Anniversary of Declaration
of Independence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CARLTON R. SICKLES
OF MARYLAND
N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
ivlr. SICKLES. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to call to the attention of my col-
leagies a resolution adopted at the 1965
convention of the Communications
Workers of America to plan for bicen-
tennial observations of the signing of
the Declaration of Independence.
t feel that the interest of the Com-
munications Workers in planning a fit-
ting commemoration of this important
landmark in our Nation's history de-
scrves our attention.
The resolution follows:
ILESO:.UTION 27A-65-18, BICENTENNIAL ANNI-
V':A..ARY OF DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
The signing of the Declaration of Inde-
pend(mce on July 4, 1776, not only marked a
turning point in the history of the Nation
which has since become the United States
of America, but it also marked a decisive
:and dramatic moment in the history of the
autirr:: world.
IT.,) ringing words of this famed document
signaled the call to areas which led to the
t mnding of a new and great nation. It also
rounded the death knell for the long era
of colonial expansion in the Western Hem-
lsphere by the nations of Europe. Even
today, the historical process begun on July 4,
1,776, is continuing in other parts of the
world where old colonial structures are crum-
bling and new and dynamic countries are
being born.
In :a few years we will have reached the
200th anniversary of the signing of the Dec-
lam tion of Independence. It would be fit-
ting that the year 1976 be devoted to a year-
lime Observation of the bicentennial a.nni-
versuiy of this important date in world his-
tory.
Lik: the Magna Carta, the Declaration of
independence is a document revered through-
out the world. We would do well to show the
world that its words are deeply honored to-
lay in the Nation in which it was signed
ueariy 2 centuries ago.
'Uiiii Nation recently gave impressive ob-
;ervation to the centennial anniversary of
the Civil War. Countless new histories and
atudi(s of this period were published. Battles
were reenacted. Fitting ceremonies were
held at such places as Gettysburg and
'lpporlattox.
These observations, which were well
)1annad and coordinated, made an important
contribution to our awareness and under-
:;Landing of that chapter in our Nation's
histary.
A carefully planned bicentennial observa-
iaon of the signing of the Declaration of In-
depen2ence could serve a similar and equally
important function, reminding the entire
world of the Nation's revolutionary heritage
.iirough which our freedom was won and our
nationhood was established.
pend'ix
The full-scale observation of this 200th
anniversary will. require much study and
preparation. Although the anniversary is
still 11 years off, It is by no means too early
to begin laying the groundwork for its ob-
servation: Therefore be it
Resolved, That this 1965 convention of the
Communications Workers of America urges
that plans and study begin as soon as pos-
sible to prepare for the 200th anniversary of
the signing of the Declaration of Independ-
ence.
CWA firmly believes a nationwide campaign
to win congressional approval for the estab-
lishment of a commission to undertake this
important project is in order.
As loyal, patriotic, and proud Americans,
the members of this union pledge themselves
to play their part In such a program so that
this important historical anniversary will re-
ceive the honor it so richly deserves.
Senator Robert C. Byrd
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES KEE
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 2966
Mr. K:EE. Mr. Speaker, Senator ROB-
ERT C. BYRD of West Virginia, distin-
guished himself during his service in the
U.S. House of Representatives, and fol-
lowing his election to the U.S. Senate,
he has proved himself to be one of the
most effective Senators ever produced by
the State of West Virginia.
He is one of the most progressive sen-
ators ever to honor our home State in
the august Chamber of the other body.
His performance as chairman of the
Senate Appropriations Subcommittee for
the District of Columbia has been the
most outstanding leadership ever af-
forded to the residents of our Nation's
Capital. Yet, it blind and unthinking
minority has felt complete unrestraint
in launching vicious attacks against this
outstanding, hardworking, and brilliant
man.
The People of West Virginia., however,
as I am sure is the case with the major-
ity of the residents of the ]District of
Columbia, recognize the unjustness of
these attacks against BOB BYRD as eVf-
denced by an editorial which appeared
in the March 21, 1966, issue of the Sun-
set News-Observer of my home city of
Bluefield, W. Va.
Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I wish to share
with the Members of the Congress this
editorial, which recognizes the stature of
this dedicated statesman:
BYRD, SNCC, AND CLERGY
We have commented in this space before
about the problems West Virginia's Demo-
cratio Senator RoeERT C. BYRD has encoun-
tered in his position as chairman of the U.S.
Senate's Appropriations Subcommittee on
the District of Columbia.
Recently he has been having new troubles
in this thankless job. Because of his long
and effective effort to clean up welfare abuses
in the Nation's Capital, he is being viciously
attacked and vilified by leaders of the "Free
D.C. Movement," an activity of the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, SNCC
for short, which seeks home rule for the Dis-
trict.
A scurrilous handbill has been distribuaed
by this group against Senator BYRD, Con-
gressman JOHN W. MCMILLAN, of South Caro-
lina, and a figure labeled "D.C. Power Struc-
ture." The three are pictured pulling chains
tightly about the neck of a Negro figure.
"Who keeps D.C. In chains?" the inflamma-
tory poster asks. BYRD is accused in its text
of "keeping children hungry" and sending
welfare investigators into homes "in the mid-
dle of the night violating the rights of our
women."
What the Senator has done among many
other things, of course, Is to crack down on
the practice of some women of bearing ilie-
gitimate children as a means of gaining ad-
ditional welfare payments.
For this and his other cleanup efforts he
has also been bitterly arsailed in so-called
liberal newspaper and magazine articles, he
has been threatened by pickets and demon-
strators, and, we are sorry to say, denounced
by some clergymen.
He hasn't backed up an inch. Instead he
has gone on the offensive against his at-
tackers. In a recent statement on the floor
of the Senate he said leaders in the Free
D.C. Movement indicate that "a campaign of
extortion, intimidation, and coercion will be
leveled against all businessmen and mer-
chants-large and small, Negro and white-
who refuse to sign the (mayor-council form
of government) petition and place cold cash
in the hands of the committee."
Leaders of SNCC are seeking $100,000 for
their war chest and have threatened a boy-
cott of all stores and businesses that won't
contribute or go along with their plans.
In other words, BYRD said, "while the
leaders of this movement speak of the right
to vote, they publicly deny the Individual
merchant's right to his own opinion about
home rule." This threat, he added, "is
ominously reminiscent of Los Angeles."
Noting that SNCC charges the District has
"lousy schools," BYRD said It chooses to say
nothing of the 27,689 windowpanes smashed
in D.C. schools by rock throwers last year, the
replacement of which cost the taxpayers
$1:12,868.
But what should "cause serious soul
searching," the Senator said, "is the sup-
port given to such an irresponsible, ques-
tionable, and dangerous movement by cer-
tain members of the clergy."
He referred specifically to a statement in
the press which quoted Suffragen Episcopal
Bishop Paul Moore, Jr., as saying he was
"sorry that this kind of militancy is neces-
sary," but that all other means of dealing
with the problem had failed.
"In other words," BYRD commented, "you
Ile what he directs or he will apply militancy
tactics. This does not sound like the
religious leadership, understanding, and
tolerance that give significance to our Chris-
tian inheritance."
The demand for $100,000 from D.C. stores
with the threat of an economic boycott "con-
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free way of life and the Communist Ideology
in Vietnam."
What the Philippines will finally give to
South Vietnam as expanded assistance is a
big question. The South Vietnamese Gov-
ernment has a year-old request for an engi-
neer battalion with its own security support
involving 2,000 men. But Senator Jovito
Salonga, back from a trip to South Vietnam,
announced a desire of Saigon's head of state,
Lt. Gen. Nguyen Van Thieu, for more medical
and civic action teams. In this light, Presi-
dent Marcos has correctly decided to send a
Philippine survey mission to Vietnam to
ascertain what the Saigon government really
needs from the Philippines in the anti-
Communist struggle.
CAMPAIGN DAMPENED
Dispatch of the mission has dampened a
well-organized campaign here of misinforma-
tion against the sending of any form of addi-
tional assistance to the beleaguered South
Vietnamese. Charging that the administra-
tion had a commitment with the United
States to send combat troops, outspoken ad-
vocates of noninvolvement, most of whom are
pressing for neutralism in foreign policy here,
said President Marcos was doing the bidding
of the "dirty American imperialists" to fight
in the "senseless American war." "The Mar-
cos administration finds itself locked be-
tween the horns of a dilemma," proclaims
the propaganda line of the neutralists. They
argued that Mr. Marcos' dilemma was
"whether to send some 2,000 combat en-
gineers to Vietnam and so please the Ameri-
cans that they will readily provide this coun-
try with a badly needed stabilization loan,
or refuse to do so and incur the displeasure
of the Americans." This line conveniently
obscures the fact that the South Vietnamese
themselves have not asked for combat troops
from the Philippines, but merely engineers
who would help in repairing broken bridges,
destroyed schoolhouses and construction of
various public works projects vital to the
civic-action phase of the anti-Communist
campaign.
The resort to obscurantism is not without
basis. The idea is to secure early polarization
on the hazardous Vietnam problem. By in-
sisting, through false representations, that
Philippine combat troops have been promised
on pressure from the United States to with-
hold economic assistance, the. neutralists had
hoped to draw severe public reaction to their
cause of preventing any dispatch of addi-
tional help to the South Vietnamese. The
maneuver aimed to bring back memories of
parity, in which Filipinos, economically pros-
trate after World War II, allowed their con-
stitution to be amended giving Americans
equal share in the exploitation of their na-
tional patrimony. To bolster public hatred,
the proneutralists went even to the extent
of utilizing a top secret document containing
the working draft of the chiefs of mission
conference 4 weeks ago to mislead the public
into believing that even those in the high
echelons of government oppose the sending
of combat troops to South Vietnam. Mis-
labeling the working. draft as a preliminary
report to the President, the proneutralists
insisted on the existence of a consensus
against troop commitments. Actually, the
consensus was in favor of expanding Philip-
pine assistance to Vietnam and that if con-
gress should decide on sending troops, the
Philippines must shoulder their keep to up-
hold national dignity.
CORRECT PERSPECTIVE
The report of the survey mission to visit
South Vietnam is expected to set in correct
perspective the debate raging on the burning
question of combat troops. It is not impos-
sible that the Saigon Government, as con-
tended by Senator Salonga, will now prefer
additional medical and civic action teams
from the Philippines. If this should happen,
there will be little argument even in the
Senate where the sentiment is overwhelm-
ingly in favor of technical and economic as-
sistance. The pro-neutralists will, naturally,
complain for it is their goal to prevent the
sending of any form of assistance to the
South Vietnamese. But a real problem will
arise if the Saigon Government should in-
sist on troop commitments, even on a token
basis. It will arise not so much from a desire
to concentrate on noncombatants, but from
the lack of funds with which to support
an expenditionary force. It is possible that
the Philippines will allow the United States
to bear the expenses, as she did during the
Korean war and in the Congo action. But
the inhibiting factor is that both actions
were under the auspices of the United
Nations.
This, then, is the dilemma for the Philip-
pines on Vietnam. For we have chosen the
path of helping an ally fight a war that is as
much to the national interest of the Philip-
pines as it is to the free world. The alterna-
tive is, of course,'unthinkable. It is to dis-
engage completely from the Vietnam con-
flict and avoid any involvement whatsoever.
This will mean that the government shall
have changed one of its basic postulates in
foreign policy: commitment to the cause of
anti-communism. It is a situation furthest
from the thinking of President Marcos.
"What threatens humanity in another area,"
he said during his inaugural, "threatens our
society as well," He added: "We cannot,
therefore, merely contemplate the risks of
our country without coming into any de-
cision on our own. Wherever there is a
sight for freedom we cannot remain aloof
Federal Assistance Spurs Expanded Local
Action in Resource Development
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ROBERT B. DUNCAN
OF OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon. Mr.
Speaker, our Nation's land and water re-
sources offer abundant economic oppor-
tunities if properly developed. Recog-
nition of this has been reflected in much
of the conservation legislation passed by
the Congress in this decade.
Resource development in my congres-
sional district in Oregon is a good exam-
ple. The Upper Willamette resource
conservation and development project is
one of the first 20 such projects to be
carried out as a result of legislation in
1962.
The Oregon project covers 3 million
acres in four counties. It has opened
many avenues for communities in the
area to develop unexplored potentials of
their land and water resources. The
products of land-use adjustments, forest
land improvement, and changes in
cropping patterns will lead to the need
for new manufacturing and processing
enterprises. Expansion of recreation
facilities, development of agricultural
and municipal water supply, enhance-
ment of wildlife, and protection of the
area from crippling and costly floods will
improve economic opportunities.
I have been close to this project as the
local people have planned it. I have
A1703
visited the area and talked to the local
people. Their interest has been beyond
expectation. The project has brought
public and private agencies and local
people together for a common purpose,
and they have each contributed to
planning the project. They now look
forward to making the plans a reality,
with each doing his part. -
Stimulated by the enthusiasm of work-
ing out the plan, local people have al-
ready started many projects that require
no Federal cost sharing and some that
require only a small amount of technical
help. I understand that the other 19
resource conservation and development
projects have created this same kind of
enthusiasm, with people going ahead on
their own before the program actually
got underway. Just the act of getting
together and bringing out the potentials
of the area has given them new life and
new hope.
The concentration of conservation and
development activities of all the public
and private agencies and the local peo-
ple has promoted closer working rela-
tionships among them. It has also served
to inform communities of what assist-
ance is available and how programs of
the various levels of Government fit to-
gether.
I believe this group approach is an
especially effective tool to resource de-
velopment. It enables local people, by
their own initiative, to make full use of
their resources. It gives support to the
concept that local people should be the
mainstay of such an undertaking.
The Upper Willamette project is spon-
sored by six of the local soil conserva-
tion districts, which are locally formed
and managed units of State government.
It is an endeavor in which towns and
cities and rural people are participating.
When completed, the area expects a $15
million a year increase in their economy,
with more than 200 new businesses in
the area.
The door has been opened. These peo-
ple are showing what can be done with
a little help. They have my support.
Closing Ranks
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
11ON. BROCK ADAMS
VN
OF WASHINGTON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the 'REC-
ORD, I include the following article re-
ferred to previously today in my 1-min-
ute speech:
[From the Salt Lake City (Utah) Tribune,
Mar. 15, 19661
CLOSING RANKS
The unanimous vote of 39 Governors at-
tending a White House conference in sup-
port of President Johnson's, Vietnam policies
is the best indication that the administra-
tion has survived the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee's intensive examination of
that policy with support strengthened, if
anything.
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24,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX arc- ?
Such a conclusion is further buttressed
by the latest public opinion poll which
showed more than '( to 1 approving the Presi-
dent's actions.
At the White House conference, the Gover-
uors were briefed on the current Vietnam sit-
uation by Mr. Johnson, Secretary of State
husk, Defense Secretary McNamara, and mili-
tary leaders. Utah's Governor Rampton, who
was present, described the briefing as thor-
ough and frank, and he said he was heart-
ened to learn "the picture in Vietnam is a
ant better than when we were here 8 months
l,o..,
That is heartening news, although it must
tie tempered with the knowledge that the
lighting continues viciously and costly, with
no reason to hope that the end is in sight.
But while public debate of American policy
rotative to Vietnam is fully justified when
the debate ends, it is well to close ranks in
the face of any enemy all too ready to inter-
pret debate in terms of indecision and weak-
nerS.
Besides, there is work to be done in Wash-
ington--and it is good to have Majority
Leader MANSFIELD report that after the weeks
of debate. Congress is now "getting into the
groove."
HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN
RW TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, liiarch 24, 1966
Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, on March
1.0 of this year, the Department of Agri-
culture held a referendum to determine
the standards for tobacco allotments for
1966.
The tobacco growers in my district and
in the State of Tennessee voted over-
whelmingly against the acreage-pound-
age program, advocated by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture.
Because of their negative vote, which
I wholeheartedly supported, most of the
tobacco growers will now receive a 15-
vercent reduction in acreage, which they
(lid not want.. The tobacco farmers
would have preferred that the standards
remain the same as they were for 1965.
I do not feel that any cut is justified,
and the Department of Agriculture
should leave the allotments as they are.
I ant hopeful that, in the future, we
can prevent the Department of Agricul-
Lure from blackmailing our tobacco
;;rowers by supposedly giving them a
choice, but in actuality, forcing them to
Lake a, stand that can do nothing but
hurt them.
I: insert at this point in the RECORD two
editorials, commenting on the meaning
of this vote:
I From the Knoxville (Teen.) Journal, Mar.
he, 19661
BLOW FOR FREEDOM
l;urley tobacco growers emphatically re-
jected in their vote this week it proposal by
,lie Department of Agriculture that would
have substituted acreage-poundage limita-
tion for the plan long in use under which
f. rowers were free to market all the leaf they
were able to raise on a fixed acreage allot-
ment.
Having rejected the Federal agency's acre-
a.ge-poundage proposal, most growers will
now face a 15-percent reduction in acreage.
The vote of the burley growers will be in-
terpreted by some of us, at least, as striking
a blow for freedom to the extent that this Is
possible under any federally imposed mar-
keting control plan. Individual enterprise,
which is to say the quality and skill devoted
to the production of it burley crop, will con.-
tinue to be the main factors in determining
the profitability of each grower's crop.
Incidentally, a factor in this election was
that a substantial number of growers already
have only the minimum acreage allotment
so that they will not be affected by the 15-
percent cut proclaimed by the Department of
Agriculture.
I From the Johnson City (Tenn.) Prcus-
Chronicle, Mar. 1.3, 1966]
QUITE A MESSAGE
Tennessee tobacco growers put on a display
of independence last Thursday by voting
against the acreage-poundage program while
growers of L2 other States were voting for it.
So overwhelming was the anti sentiment
in Tennessee that it swung the balance over-
all, and acreage-poundage failed to get the
two-thirds majority it had to have.
T entucky tobacco leaders are reported
stunned, and some are saying grower: In
our State have "cut their own throats."
'they may have, at that, since many now
face a slash of 15 percent on their acreage
allowances. Yet in rebelling against the idea
of having poundage as well as acreage con-
trolled, Tennessee growers undoubtedly were
showing their weariness over controls in
general. And in doing that, they have
achieved some personal satisfaction if noth-
ing else.
Acreage-poundage may have been just
what the doctor ordered, but the individual
farmer in Tennessee is chafing tinder the
doctor's continued ordering and prescribing
without being requested to do so by the
patient. That, we think, is the meaning of
the heavy negative vote (6 to 1), and we
hope the message gets through.
Meanwhile, the efforts of all concerned
should be directed toward. making the pres-
ent program work. If changes are needed,
there will be another day and another vote
and another decision. That is the American
Way.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL A. FINO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIV ES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I in-
troduced legislation to require local pub-
lic housing agencies to :ignore certain in-
come in computing income levels and
resultant rent levels for tenants in fed-
erally aided public housing projects.
This bill would require local public
housing agencies to exclude from ten-
ants' income such part of any govern-
mental pension increase-Federal, State,
and local pensions---which the agency
shall find to represent a cost-of-living
increase, as well as such income as the
tenant family spends for medicare cov-
erage.
One of the greatest difficulties in pub-
lie housing today is the continual re-
adjustment of tenants' rent levels based
on changing income levels. Each time a
tenant's income goes up, his rent must
go up.
This is particularly unfair as regards
the many old people in public housing
who live on small social security and
other pensions. When these people re-
ceive a small pension boost, it is often to
cover a rise in the cost of living or the
expense of a new program like medicare.
This type of pension hike should not be
gobbled up in increased public housing
rents.
My bill provides that the contract be-
tween the Federal Public Housing Ad-
ministration and the local public hous-
ing agency must provide that in calcu-
lating tenants' income, and rentals based
thereon, the public housing agency must
omit the amount spent for medicare cov-
erage and also that part of any pension
increase which the agency shall find as
corresponding to a rise in the cost of
living.
Government pensioners living on small
fixed pension incomes have it hard
enough in these inflationary days with-
out having to see any cost-of-living pen-
sion hike they get eaten up by rent boosts.
My bill would keep cost-of-living pension
hikes and boosts to cover medicare ex-
penses from being counted in income so
as to cause public housing rent rises. I
think that this exclusion is in the true
spirit of the public housing program.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un-
der leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I include the following:
[From the Joliet (Ill.) Herald-News,
Mar. 8, 19661
SOME IDEAS ARE UNREAL
By Dumitru Danfelopol)
WASHINGTON.-When I listen to George
F. Kennan and Senators FULDRIGHT, MORSE,
CHURCH, and ROBERT KENNEDY, I wonder
if they live on the same planet, if they have
seen this 20th-century world in which we
toil.
Let's concentrate on Kennan. His views
expressed before the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee make me wonder if he has found
an island or an ivory tower where facts and
events never intrude on his philosophical
notions of communism.
Here is an example of Kennan's view:; on
Cuba, taken from the record of the hearings:
"Mr. KENNAN. A great many Americans are
concerned, for example, about Castro in
Cuba, and at times they have had good rea-
sons to be, and I do not for a moment un-
derestimate the seriousness of the crisis; we
faced there some years ago.
"But it does seem to me that we must care-
fully stack up our advantages against our
disadvantages in these situations. For the
first time in a long, long time, someone else
pays the bills in Cuba, someone else is get-
ting milked, someone else has the problems of
dealing with the Cuban regime. For once we
can sit back and personally I do not think
the Russians are going to have any great
satisfaction out of their involvement in Cuba
over the long run.
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Approved F CONG1.19SI RF1& "DP69ff~04000400 ch 24, 1966
that Greece might still be free," lived on
to inspire the Greeks to continue their
fight for freedom.
The years between 1821, when the
struggle began, and 1827, toward the close
of the war, were marked by a series of
both victories and defeats for the Greeks.
Finally, on October 20, 1827, the Brit-
ish, French, and Russian fleets inter-
vened in the Bay of Navarino and dealt
a crushing blow to the Ottoman naval
power. Sixty out of 89 Turkish-Egyptian
vessels were destroyed, the Greeks seized
the initiative, and the tide was turned
irreversibly in their favor.
Although the Battle of Navarino made
the independence of Greece a certainty
the fighting continued for another 2
years and almost 5 years elapsed before
the new state took shape. In 1832 the
Treaty of Constantinople was signed,
and with the signing of this treaty, the
Turks renounced their claims and recog-
nized Greek independence.
The Greek ideal of democracy, born in
ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago, once
more prevailed, and Greece took her
rightful place among the free nations of
the world.
Mr. Speaker, I am proud to participate
in the 145th observance of this significant
event, and wish to express my admiration
for the indomitable courage of the
Greeks and to pay tribute to them for
their enduring and universal contribu-
tions to civilization.
Informed Attack on Grain Dumping
Earlier this year President Johnson had
occasion to tell Congress that under present
law the Secretary of Agriculture "must dis-
pose of all stocks of agricultural commodities
as rapidly as possible, consistent with orderly
marketing procedures."
It is obviously inconsistent with orderly
marketing procedure to dump Government-
owned grain on the market in quantities so
huge as to cause prices to drop. That would
seem to indicate the Department of Agricul-
ture is guilty of flouting the law.
It would also indicate that when supply
and demand forces in the marketplace
dictate corn prices higher than the Govern-
ment thinks they should be, it is just too
bad. The real dictation comes from Wash-
ington.
Y,` N
Vietnam: Why We're There
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GEORGE E. SHIPLEY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. SHIPLEY. Mr. Speaker, the
Springfield, Ill., State Register quotes an
American general as saying that if we
should abandon our commitment to
South Vietnam, we will "face more Viet-
nams in Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia,
Australia, and New Zealand."
The paper adds:
"This is not a battle for hills and moun-
tains, towns and rivers. The battlefield is
the people."
And this has imposed a dreadful ordeal on
the people of South Vietnam. They are the
ones who bear the brunt of the kidnaping,
extortion and terror inflicted by the 100,000
guerrillas who supplement the 50,000 hard-
core Red troops in South Vietnam.
These sorely beset South Vietnamese plead
for our protection. We are giving them all we
can. They want schools and hospitals. We
are responding. And, says Krulak, "little by
little we have won their confidence"
If the United States now were to pull out
of Vietnam, as some insist we should, this
painfully won confidence would be shattered.
Throughout southeast Asia, if this un-
thinkable and unlikely retreat were to take
place, it would indicate to friends and foes
alike that we cannot be trusted.
General Krulak has incisively explained
why we must stand and fight.
V N
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WALTER H. MOELLER
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. MOELLER. Mr. Speaker, I think
my colleagues will be interested in a
Washington Star editorial hailing the
value of HEW Secretary Gardner's visit
to Vietnam.
The mission reflects "an awareness
that something more than success on the
battlefield is needed," the Star believes,
and it quotes one general as having said:
We could kill the last Vietcong guerrilla
and still lose the war unless the people can
see something worth living and striving for.
The Star adds:
The Gardner mission should be appraised
in this spirit, as a token of our good faith
in pledging that we will do what we can to
make certain that, after the fighting is over,
there will be something worth living for in
Vietnam.
The editorial, on this subject of such
vital concern to us all, is offered for pub-
lication in the RECORD-where it may be
read in its entirety:
MR. GARDNER'S MISSION
This week's arrival in Saigon of HEW
Secretary Gardner with a team of 22 spe-
cialists adds more than lipservice to the an-
nounced intention of the United States to
rehabilitate South Vietnam's war-stricken
civilian economy. It suggests that the fine
words which followed the President's meeting
in Honolulu with Vietnamese officials will be
followed by action.
The rehabilitation program looks toward
the provision of such things as schools,
Clinics, hospitals, better sanitation facilities,
and the like. Something is being done in
these areas now, more perhaps than is gen-
erally known. But the big part of the job
remains to be done, and the importance of
getting it done should not be underestimated.
This train of events would put aggressive
communism much closer to the Western
World.
The officer quoted by the paper, Lt.
Gen. Victor H. Krulak, replies to the
question, "Why are we in Vietnam?" and
because his answers seem pertinent, I
have permission that the article to which
I hate referred be included, in its en-
tirety in the RECORD:
WHY WE MUST FIGHT: VIETNAM PULLOUT
WOULD WRECK CONFIDENCE IN UNITED
STATES
There are still some people who profess
they don't understand why the United States
is fighting in Vietnam.
They say they don't understand the nature
of this strange and undeclared war.
Some even maintain we ought to pull out.
For all of these doubters, Lt. Gen. Victor
H. Krulak, commander of the Fleet Marine
Force in the Pacific, recently gave some clear
and illuminating answers.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, an edi-
torial March 22, 1966, in the Chicago
Tribune gave richly deserved recognition
to Representative ANCHER NELSEN, of
Minnesota, for his able informed attack
on the dumping policies of the Johnson
administration policies which adversely
affect the farmer.
Here is the text of the editorial:'
WHERE FARM PRICES ARE MADE-OR BROKEN Why are we in Vietnam?
Those farmers who look to the Johnson "The answer," said Krulak, "in one word
administration to advance their economic is 'freedom'-the freedom of others and our
interests may find it instructive to consider own freedom; we have a selfish reason; our
some statements that have come out of freedom is at issue."
Washington relating to the controversy over In the general's view, if the United States
Government sales of surplus corn, which should abandon its commitment to South
caused corn prices to drop. Vietnam, it will "face more Vietnams in
Representative, Aa the Republ - Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Australia and
can, of Minnesota, c charrg ged in n the House r el-
New Zealand."
cently that since last January the Govern- This train of events would put aggressive
co
m sold rnt had the penrly a k for the express a rof communism much closer to the Western
corn the open market t World. The Philippines would be flanked.
purpose e of holding down corn n prices. See- Our bases in the Pacific would be imperiled
terermms i of EN'gee "a lot responded ot political by and even Hawaii would be in the sights of
rman tng NELSLSEN's ce charrge "a lot what Krulak called "creeping, predatory,
noise." vicious communism on the march."
of the Press stated goal-a free and independent Vietnam.
chairman
But Gardner Ackley, ident's Council of Economic Advisers, put And that is exactly what the fighting in At the top of the priority list, of course, is
the matter in clearer perspective in a recent Vietnam is against. the matter of getting on with the war. Re-
televised Interview: This is not a spontaneous uprising, such pair work on the South Vietnamese economy
"Increased supplies of pork depend on the as was our Revolutionary War, as some can begin on a major scale only in areas
difference between the price of hogs and the contend. which have been freed from Communist con-and
inst
return price of corn"; ; said Ackley, "and we're trying As to the peculiar nature of the war in of the enemych are secured
But this doesanot mean that
to hold down the price of corn." Vietnam, Krulak said:
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1V1oxch 24, 196VAp CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
culture, and national pride. They are
clearly and simply a ward of the Krem-
lin.
As freemen who do not take our free-
doms and liberties for granted, we are a
link between the principles of freedom
and self-determination and those who
aspire to be free and guide their own
destiny. On this 48th anniversary of
Byelorussian independence, let us re-
affirm to the Byelorussian people that
their hopes have not been forgotten by
the free world..
Cure for Crisis of Credibility
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
nr' ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
tlr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, the
only cure for today's crisis in credibility
concerning Government information
would be a little more candor on the part
of Federal Government. officials.
The ideal of "truth-in-Government"
would be hastened immeasurably by
passage of a public records law by the
Congress. The presence of such a law
would give Government officials an ex-
cuse for being less devious in their in-
formation policies.
Columnist Richard Wilson commented
on the cure for the crisis is credibility
on January 21, 1966. His column fol-
lows:
(From the Washington. Evening Star, Jan.
21, 1966
T'Ii.r' CirRF FOR CRTSiS OF CREDIBILITY
(By Richard Wilson)
"Crisis of credibility" is the kind of phrase
Washington gets enamored of from. time to
time. What this currently used phrase con-
veys in the present context is the suspicion
that the Johnson administration isn't level-
ing with the public.
Flee "oh, yeah?" and "since when?" re-
sponses to presidential utterances are pro-
liferating in an embarrassing way. So em-
barrassing, in tact. that White House staff
members are inquiring into the scope of
and reasons for this skeptical phenomenon..
ITN. Ambassador Arthur Goldberg is the
father of the thought that the credibility or
Johnson policies on peace in Vietnam was in
question. There was, the Ambassador frank-
ly admitted in explaining the vigor of the
question. There was, the Ambassador frank-
ly admitted in explaining the vigor of the
quest for peace, a question about the credi-
bility of U.S. eagerness for negotiation which
had to be answered-
Perhaps the word credibiilty in connec-
ti.on with what President Johnson says and,
does is not precise. Devious may be a, bet-
ter word. or any other word that conveys
the impression of artful aims not fully ex-
posed, or a constructive coloration on un-
pleasant events, or simply the telling of part
truths in the pursuit of masked purposes,
it is possible to recite at length instances
wherein what Johnson says might he con-
;;idered at variance with what he does. There
was no visible resemblance between what the
White House was saying about aluminum
and steel price Increases and what President
Johnon was doing about them. Little be-
lievahil:ity may have rung through his be-
lated statements on the New York transit
strike and the inflationary effects of. the
wage settlement. A dash of gullibiliry helps
in swallowing his budget forecasts.
But are the maneuvers and techniques of
a President in getting 'what, he wan to be
judged by the standards, that his critics wish
to impose? By these standards all questions
would be answered with complete frankness
regardless of the consequences. The simplest
among uc could demand from the President
the whole truth and nothing but the truth,
the exposure of his purposes and methods in
the most delicate of negotiations, as well as
every t?IOught and act while waking or
;sleeping.
These standards demand no floss 'use or
diversions from White Reuse Press Secre-
tary Bill D. Moyers, such. as not telling exactly
what the President did or intends 1? do or
not responding in precisely the way his
questioner desires.
Such. standards are obviously both ilu'eal-
istic and undesirable. They are unrealistic
because no President has ever operated that
way, and undesirable because if he did he
would then frustrate justifiable aims and
aometim,es the national interest,
But, that really is not the question in the
present circumstances. The quest on is
whether or not the President's methods are
so often devious and circuitous that they
arouse skepticism that he is headed where
he says he is going or reveal where he has
been. It must be this that is of cone er:n at
the White House, for it is not likel; that
confidence in a President can be maittained
at the highest level if his credibility ;; con-
tinuously in doubt.
It is absurd to say that the Pre:;.dent's
credibility has created any kind of crisis, or
that he is in imminent danger of losing the
confidence of the American people. '.. Ius is
familiar Washington talk, arising in large
part from those who disagree more with
what the President :has done, or may dc. than
with what has been said.
Johnson is not likely at his age to go
through a reformation of the method; and
techniques that kept him in command of the
Senate for so many years, He does depend
upon a certain amount of naturally endowed
flim-flarmnery that often enough meet,: with
dazzling success, and other times falls flat.
It would take very little to dispel the
Washington talk about a "crisis of credi-
bility." Just an ounce or two more of irank-
n.ess and openness would help. A return. to
the preoperative Johnson when he saw and
talked with many more people in various
pursuits outside the official family would
be good.
The 145th Anniversary of Greek
Independence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI1'
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow
marks the 145th anniversary of the
struggle for Greek independence. The
concepts of freedom and democracy giv-
en birth in ancient Greece were the same
goals of those valiant Greeks who, many
centuries later, took up the cause of
freedom against the hated repression
of the Ottoman Empire.
Our admiration for the courage and
fortitude of the Greeks in response to
Communist aggression in the hills after
%1709
World War II played a major role in the
establishment of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization. Greece is a valu-
able and respected member. Even now
Greece's geographical promiximity to the
Soviet Union serves as a constant re-
minder of the struggle for freedom.
The free world can never fully repay
its debt to the values and ideals than, have
come down to us from the Greek heri-
tage. Our repayment is made even more
difficult because of the many contribu-
tions that are being made to our Nation
by the million and one-half Greek-Amer.-
jeans, They are active in the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts in social, civic,
cultural, and community enterprises;
they are valued citizens and trusted
neighbors.
On the occasion of the 145th anraver-?
sary of Greek independence, let us join
in thanking our friends of Greek ances-
try for their many contributions to our
national life.
The 145th Anniversary of Greek
Independence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI\. ES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
M:r. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, tomor-
row, March 25, 1966, we commemorate
the 145th anniversary of Greek inde-
pendence from four centuries of oppres-
sive rule under the Ottoman Turks
Traditionally, March 25 is regarded as
the day when a small band of patriots,
under the leadership of Ypsilanti, struck
the first blow for Greek liberty. Because
the Ottoman Turks greatly outnumbered
the Greeks, Ypsilanti suffered an initial
defeat, but the struggle continued both
on land and on sea for 7 succeeding years.
In the meantime, world evelits were
gradually changing the balance in favor
of the Greeks. Such occurrences as the
American and French Revolutions, the
decline of the Ottoman Empire, the fall
of Napoleon, the outbreak of national-
istic revolutions in other countries such
as Serbia, and most important of all, the
awakening of a strong nationalistic feel-
ing among the Greeks themselves
served
,
to give a cohesiveness to the Greek strug-
gle and to rouse the sympathy and sup-
port of Europeans and Americans alike.
Among the Americans who took an ac-
tive part in the Greek fight for freedom
were Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, Gen.
George Jarvis, Capt. Jonathan r'eckllam
Miller, and Lt. William T. Washington,
who lost his life in July 1827, Burin;i a
factional outbreak.
And, of course, it is fitting that, we
remember here the contribution of Ens,-
land's illustrious poet, Lord Byron, who
went to Greece in 1824 to help the Greeks
and who did much to popularize their
cause. Lord Byron finally lost his life
from exposure, but his most important
poem about the Greek struggle, in which
he wrote the immortal line, "I dreamed
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March 24, Ty6~ ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
a significant start cannot be made, and made
now.
Secretary Gardner's remarks upon arriving
in Saigon suggest that he understands the
real nature of the problem. "Our presence
here," he said, signals "a vital new phase" of
the effort to improve Vietnamese health, wel-
fare, and education programs. "We are not
here to provide overnight answers. We are
here to learn, to observe, to try to under-
stand * * * There will be many followup
missions that will build on our findings."
These comments, if one chooses, can be dis-
missed as generalities. But we think there is
substance In them. They reflect an aware-
ness that something more than success on
the battlefield is needed. One general has
put it this way: "We could kill the last Viet-
cong guerrilla and still lose the war unless
the people can see something worth living
and striving for."
The Gardner mission should be appraised
in this spirit, as a token of our good faith in
pledging that we will do what we can to make
certain that, after the fighting is over, there
will be something Worth living for in
Vietnam.
Resolute Washington
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT B. DUNCAN
OF OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon. Mr. Speak-
er, the Christian Science Monitor has
commented most favorably on the vote
Congress gave the President to conduct
the difficult yet honorable struggle in
which the United States is engaged in
Vietnam.
The paper states:
The size of the vote must have a salutary
effect upon those abroad who of late may
have been led to believe that there is greater
opposition to the President's course than
actually exists.
It adds its approval to President John-
son's renewed and urgent plea to "nego-
tiate peace and let war stand aside while
the people of Vietnam make their
choice."
With permission of my colleagues, I
make this editorial on a "Resolute
Washington" available for the RECORD,
where others may read it in its entirety:
[From the Christian Science Monitor, Mar. 4,
1986]
RESOLUTE WASHINGTON
The Senate did the right and sensible
thing in resoundingly and overwhelmingly
voting the $4.8 billion supplemental Viet-
namese war budget (the House voted for it
even more strongly) and in keeping the fa-
mous Gulf of Tonkin resolution. Although
not all those who voted affirmatively support
all aspects of America's military policy, the
vote gave the President the backing he needs
to conduct resolutely the difficult, thankless,
yet honorable struggle in which the United
States Is engaged.
The size of the vote must have a salutary
effect upon those abroad who of late may
have been led to believe that there is greater
opposition to the President's course than
actually exists. Things are thus back In
somewhat better perspective.
At the same time we welcome with equal
warmth President Johnson's renewed and
urgent plea to "negotiate peace and let war
stand aside, while the people of Vietnam
make their choice." We also say bravo to
the President's reiteration that America
would stand by the outcome of any freely
held election.
As we discuss in the editorial immediately
following, we hope that there is a growing
realization on the Communists' part that
they cannot now hope to win the war in
Vietnam. Negotiations must someday come.
And, frankly, we do not we how they are
likely to come on better terms or at a more
favorable moment for the Communists than
today. Moscow knows this. Peking may be
realizing it. Why not Hanoi?
If such a Communist change is possible,
might this not eventually lead to a serious
study of the latest proposal from Senator
FULBRIGHT, who suggests an agreement with
Communist China for the neutralization of
all southeast Asia? It is hard to think of
any achievement which would draw wider
and deeper sighs of relief, from the world
than this.
Yet it would be naive to underestimate
the difficulties In the path of such an ac-
cord. Neutralization would have to be un-
derwritten by foolfast guarantees. It would
require that both Communist China and the
local Communist Parties end all armed at-
tempts to change the status quo. It would
necessitate that the Communists also end
all subversion, placing their future hopes on
free elections and peaceful politicking. On
the other side, it would require adherence to
democratic principles.
The American people and Government
yearn for such a solution. The Communists
can have a neutralized southeast Asia tomor-
row if they are prepared to make the reason-
able adjustments required.
Triumph Out of Defeat-Courage Praised
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. JOSEPH E. KARTH
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, I know we
are all proud of America's latest pioneers,
the Gemini 8's astronauts and their
thousands of skilled and dedicated assist-
ants on land and sea.
The Chicago Sun-Times carried a re-
cent editorial praising the men for their
courage and self-sufficiency.
The article was written shortly before
it was learned what caused the vehicles
to gyrate, but the writer points out:
Faced with trouble they could not possibly
diagnose (the astronauts), reacted with the
highest sort of courage.
The editorial is typical of many which
I have seen, and I make it a part of the
RECORD:
[From the Chicago (Ill.) Sun-Times, Mar. 18,
1966]
TRIUMPH OUT OF DEFEAT
Despite the failure to accomplish all that
had been planned, Gemini 8's astronauts and
their thousands of skilled and dedicated as-
sistants on land and sea enjoyed great tri-
umphs.
The precisely scheduled launching of two
giant rockets, one following the other into
orbit through a tiny keyhole in the sky,
was unprecedented. The chase through
space at speeds approaching 20,000 miles an
hour, the delicate maneuver of joining the
space capsule to the target rocket, was a
tremendous achievement and a most ina-
A1711
portant one. In the years ahead, when man
continues in his effort to explore space, the
docking maneuver will be essential in the
joining together of structures in space that
will form the bases for further explorations
into the unknown.
Whatever caused the two joined space vehi-
cles to gyrate and thus bring an end to the
mission is not known. The two astronauts,
faced with trouble they could not possibly
diagnose, reacted with the highest sort of
courage. They extricated their capsule from
the target vessel and effected an emergency
landing in the far reaches of the Pacific
Ocean that came off so smoothly that it al-
most seemed routine.
That, too, was a great triumph for the
detailed planning against emergency, the
long and patient training to meet every fore-
seeable hazard in space or after reentry.
Astronauts Armstrong and Scott are safe
aboard a naval vessel with their space cap-
sule. The causes of their trouble in space
will be explored and solved, as other dif-
ficulties have been solved, and new triumphs
can be expected in succeeding Gemini and
Apollo flights.
By his very nature, man is a pioneer. In
days gone by he pushed his frontiers across
dread and unknown oceans and into strange
lands. His 20th century frontier is the un-
charted realm of space. Man brings to that
effort the same high level of courage and
self-sufficiency possessed by earlier pioneers,
as the flight of Gemini 8 so dramatically
proved.
1
A Good Word for LB.J.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN D. DINGELL
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 22, 1966
Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursu-
ant to permission granted, I insert into
the Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD an editorial recently appearing in the
Washington, D.C., Post entitled "A Good
Word for L.B.J."
It is comforting to see that a calm,
measured, and careful handling of the
crisis in Vietnam by President Johnson
achieves the approval and respect of an
outstanding commentator like Mr. Ros-
coe Drummond. This excellent editorial
merits careful reading:
A GooD WORD FOR L.B.J.
(By Roscoe Drummond)
I would like to say a good word about
President Johnson's management of the Viet-
nam war. Obviously, there is a great risk of
timidly doing too little to arrest the aggres-
sion and a great danger of recklessly doing
so much that Red China enters the fighting.
With these two opposite perils in mind,
I cannot escape the feeling that many more
Americans will come to see that the Presi-
dent is bringing wisdom, caution and deter-
mination to bear on the conduct of the war.
Surely the touchstone Of wisdom in our
role in Vietnam is to do whatever is needed
to secure South Vietnam from conquest and
to use our massive military power in such a
prudent and measured manner that Peking
Is given no legitimate reason to enter the
war.
Such a course will not get the easy plaudits
of those who want to win quickly at any cost
by bombing North Vietnam to bits; will not
get the praise of those who want to quit at
any cost by pulling out; and will not get a
high Gallup rating from those who suggest
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDI Ir March 24, 1966 <
we haven't the resources to defend South tremendous debt to the great political
Vietnam and that, anyway, a little aggres- thinkers of ancient Greece whose philos-
sion In southeast Asia is no concern to the ophy has become part of our heritage.
United States.
As these conflicting views find their level
in public opinion, I believe that the Nation,
on reflection, will feel even more reassured
that Gen. Curtis Lemay is not deciding the Future Homemakers of America
bombing over North Vietnam, that Senator
WAYNE MORSE is not managing the defense of
South Vietnam and that Senator FULBRIGHT
Is not deciding where aggression concerns
the United States and where it doesn't.
.
During the period when he was determin-
ing how the mounting attacks directed from of OHIO
Hanoi should be met, President Johnson-as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
reported by Charles Roberts in his book, Thursday, March. 24, 1966
11,.B.J.'s Inner Circle"-remarked to his in-
timates: "I'm not going north with Curtis Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, the
L,emay, and I'm not going south with WAYNE week of March 27 through April 2, 19613,
liefs; promote appreciation of all family
members and their abilities and prob-
lems; teach selective spending; inculcate
citizenship responsibilities; and encour-
age using leisure time for activities bene-
ficial to the individual and society.
In these times when so much publicity
is given to juvenile delinquents, beatniks
and draft-card burners, all of whom are
really a small minority of today's youth,
it is good to pay tribute to the Future
Homemakers of America who are seri-
ously preparing themselves to be good
citizens.
Southern Africa: Target of Blockade
)VIoRSE." has been designated National PHA Week
Fortunately, the President is not easily as a tribute to the Future Horrlemal Cis
pressured either by events or by extremist
advice. of America. This is a national youth
He did not act hastily, but deliberately; not organization of more than 600,000 high
recklessly, but with great care; not timidly- school students enrolled in home eco-
tie committed the United States to do what- nomics courses with local chapters in
ever is necessary to defend South Vietnam every State, Puerto Ricci, and the Vi:'gin
Successfully, but no more. Islands.
liber-
d
e
the President's course in Vietnam:
ateness, prudence, and determination.
They have produced a clear and properly
limited objective: to keep south Vietnam
from being taken over by force.
And to make it least likely that Red China
will enter the war, lie is not using U.S. air-
power to bomb cities in the north; not send-
ing U.S. ground troops to occupy North Viet-
nam; not seeking the downfall of the Hanoi
regime; not asking for the "unconditional
surrender" of Hanoi. He is asking only for
an unconditional end to aggression against
its neighbor.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
FRANCES P. BOLTON
HON
was founded in 1945 as an incorporated,
nonprofit organization, supported by
membership dues. It was the outgrowth
of various State and local clubs of high
school economics students which were
known by different names and had no
unified program. By the end of that
first year the national organization had
a membership of just under 100,000 in
some 2,500 chapters. By the end of the
second year, membership had almost
doubled, and now as the Future Home-
makers of America begin their 21st year
they count well over 600,000 members in
000 chapters. It is spon-
more than 11
,
The 145th Anniversary of Greek sored by the U.S. Office of Education
Independence Day and the American Home Economics As-
,ociation.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS In this age of constant change and
OF challenge, in this era of too much dis-
regard for tradition and precedent, in
HON. KEN W. DYAL this environment of population explo-
OP CALIFORNIA sion and increased pressures, the need
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for new patterns in home life is widely
accepted. These young people who are
Thursday. March 24, 1966 in the Future Homemakers of America
Mr. DYAL. Mr. Speaker, March 25 are serious-minded, community-spirited,
marks the 145th anniversary of Greek fun-loving youngsters who are concerned
Independence Day. On this date in about the responsibilities of the future
1821, Archbishop Germanos of Patras and are conscientiously doing something
raised a new national flag over his men- about it. These are the future mothers,
asters at Kalavryta. This started the wives, teachers, jobholders, voters, and
bitter climax to the struggle which the opinion molders of this great land of
Greek people had been carrying on for ours.
400 years against rule by the Ottoman National FHA Week. finds the 11,000
Plnrpire. local chapters spotlighting activities and
The final Greek revolt, against over- projects concerned with a 4-year ria-
whelniing odds, lasted 8 years-longer tilonal program of work. Its objectives
than the American War for Independ- are to help each member recognize her
once. But the indomitable spirit of the abilities, strive for their full develop-
brave Greek people prevailed. ment, and participate actively in family,
On this anniversary we celebrate a community, and world improvement
triumph of the human spirit over all the projects.
obstacles of history. The Greek people To further these objectives the elected
have proved their valor repeatedly for youth officers of FHA developed nine
thousands of years. projects which stress individual detelop-
I wish the Greek people peace and reent: emphasize mental and physical
prosperity, and I wish all Americans, health; encourage serious consideration
whatever their national origin, would in choosing and training for useful
study and appreciate the reasons for the Careers; develop codes of ethics, morals,
celebration of this holiday. Our con- and mariners; further understanding of
stitutional form of government owes a people of all heritages, customs, and be-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 24, 1966
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, the following article recently
appeared in the News and Courier-one
of South Carolina's leading newspapers.
In view of the touchy situation in
Rhodesia, I found the article to be very
interesting. Mr. Thomas R. Waring, the
editor, assures me the author's source of
information is excellent. Under unani-
mous consent, I insert the article in the
Appendix of the RECORD- for the informa-
tion of the Congress:
SOUTHERN AFRICA: TARGET OF BLOCKADE
(EDITOR'S NOTE.-The author of this article
about a projected blockade and invasion of
southern Africa, a foreign military observer
who resides abroad, has excellent sources of
information in England, Europe, and Africa.
He is known to the News and Courier, but
prefers not to be identified by name or na-
tionality. His report confirms a recent ar-
ticle by Russell Warren Howe in the New
Leader magazine entitled "Showdown in
Southern Africa." Mr. Howe, who is travel-
ing in Africa on a Ford Foundation press
fellowship, reported February 28 that the
Soviet Union is prepared to put its navy at
the service of the U.N. for a blockade of
southern Africa.)
The British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson,
seems to be determined to escalate his ven-
detta against Ian Smith, the Prime Minister
of Rhodesia, who 5 months ago declared uni-
lateral independence from Britain. Wilson
promised the assembled Afro-Asians at the
British Commonwealth Conference in Lagos
last year that he would destroy Ian Smith
and his government by March. He then
imposed sanctions against Rhodesia, and per-
suaded the United States to join in.
The result has been utter failure, and it
is even likely that Wilson knew all along
that it would be. It is, in fact, probable that
Mr. Wilson's ultimate target is the destruc-
tion of civilization in the whole of southern
Africa, and that action against Rhodesia
provides just the excuse which he wanted.
Wilson insists that there should be ma-
jority rule in Rhodesia, irrespective of
whether the voters are savages straight out
of the jungle, whether they are entirely il-
literate or not, and whether they know
what they are voting about. There must be
universal franchise, which in practice means
handing Rhodesia over to a government of
black leftwing extremists.
It is hardly surprising that the whites are
not enthusiastic. Everything other than a
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