TENTATIVE LIST OF MILITARY INFORMATION DESIRED BY MLS

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
48
Document Creation Date: 
December 16, 2016
Document Release Date: 
February 23, 2005
Sequence Number: 
32
Case Number: 
Content Type: 
OUTLINE
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PDF icon CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9.pdf2.76 MB
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Approved F+ elease 2005/03/15 CIA-RQP67-0005 ,000200050032-9 ARMY Declass/Release Instructions On File* Fart, oe dings en ral topics in which the Mil ary Intelligence Service now has,. a continuing intgrest. Except where otherwise indicated, this Division is p'ima.rily interested in obtaining per.-tinent information in direct re ,at;ion, to the enemy,' enen r-occupied ardt:s' and neutrals; and secondarily, in relation to local areas of offices co xcori od, Pr4.orities Are established In the fol?,ov ng order: 4. Icenti`ice}tion: of units`, b; Location of units Movement or tunits,, Strength in areas. Operations (enemy and neutral only). 1414itary personalities (Japanese and German only) (Note: V11hoxs, Wha.,1' ncl interested in thjs,Wormation, also. Field. post numbers of the German ,waxy ,and 4 Ur Forgo. General r of military or ' ncii le anizat la ag Organization r ion . f' h her heada`uarters'" large units. and t of Organization organic units of divisions, Tykes. Of snXa l units t Organization o .task forcost Organization of atr forge units? TENUTM- ST OF M,ILIV Y TNFOR1 ON DES 4.ED BY ,TTS i -T 1. Order o Battle, Approved For Release 2005/03/15?: CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved For F ase 2005 ( A~T CIA-RDP67-00059AOMWO0050032-9 ,Manpower . a. Available military manpower. b. Classification of manpower; standards of physical fitness and occupational deferment. o. Methods of mobilisationo d. AotLLal mobilization and recruitment, e. Casualties. f, T/O strength. g. TypE; and quality of personnel in units. Weapons and equipment. a. All weapons -from small arms to heavy artillery, b. Transport.equipment. c. Personal equipment. d. Equipment of special arms and services such as signal troops, engineers, and chemical warfare-troops. e. Aircraft and other air force armament and equipment, 5. Uniforms ..and' ineignia.' a. Uniforms. b. InsLgnia of rank and of branch of service. c. Decsrations and awards. d. Recognition generally (tanks, aircraft, vehicles, etc.) 6. Fortifications and defenses. a. Methods of fortification. b. Types of fortifications and defenses. c. Locations of fo'rtificatio'ns and defenses, 7. Tactics and strategy. ? ' ' " a. Strategic doctrines and practice, b. Tactical doctrines and practice. c. Intelligence and counterintelligence methods. d, Tre.ining methods. 8. Logistics and administration. a. Sy-,tem of supply and evacuation,. 'b.. Permanent and semi-permanent military inste.llations. c. Tex;ri.torial administrative structure. d. Re!)lacement training system. e. System of army and.ain force administration. f. Di.; cip1ine and. military morale'. - 2 - Approved For Release 2005/03 F,tT'A-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved Fo Release 2005/03/15 I FDP67-00059A~000200050032-9 Information pertaininb to enemy shipping and shipbuilding. Information pertaining to the labor situatifln -in enemy and II. ;canomio. #,. No, special priorities assignedexcept where indicated and as stated strategic GerterE;Ll'econcpiQ data bearing on w. Any information bearing on enemy position and stock-piles of materials, including food. Specific information on individual strategic industrial in- stallfatio'ns'and transportation facilities used by the enemy, faailit es, Information as to damage sustained to particular installations and information as to any recuperative 'measures; undertaken by the enemy. enemy occupied or controlled territories. (Strikes, sabotage or cooperation occupied areas. Information on roads, railways and transportation facilities in Eastern China and ManQhuria; Japanese water transportation along, the easier, seabo4rd, and industrial, agricultural and mineral production in Occupied Chin;. 7. .. "Future emphasis should be less o,n Frge China, and-more on the Manchuria, and Korea should be given first priority. III. Sociological. assigned. except where inti,cated -and as stated the civilian population with'regard to the war The effects of restrictions and rationing of food, clothing, fuel on their attitude and morale. 3. Any strikes, riots disorders reflect .attitude o d-mor rr disorders$, especially insofar le. s these 4. Are there factiop.s among the population that differ in their attitude toward the warp Approved For Release 2005/03/15 :~19 RDP67-00059A00020005003g-9 enemy and neutral capabilities. anc Approved For lease 2005/QOGMTCIA-RDP67-00059 200050032-9 5, The attitude of the civilian population toward various units of the J.llied armies in their country, i.e., Americans, British, French, Chinese, Russians. 6. Are the people being informed of U.S.. lend lease aid? Attitude of the people toward tha-; aid.. 7. Attitude of the people toward inflation brought about by the spending of U.S. Army fo:?ces in the area. Is this affecting their attitude toward the U.S.? 8. Population and vital statistics on the countries formerly occupied by (or collaborating with) Germany, i,e., France, Belgium, Nether- lands, Luxembourg, Italy, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgari.a, Greece, Albania; U.S.S.R.,.Polan:i. As soon as possible after local conditions.are stabili;~ed,.data on population, showing total numbers for principal cities and .administrative areas. In some countries, these data may be secured from counts of ration cards issued, or from re;istrations for other purposes. These data should be evaluated by comparing them with known pre-war figures, known war losses, and data from other sources. IV? Scientific. A? Priorities are established in the following order: Axis.. Occupied countries. Russia. Neutral countries. Others. B. Topics. 1. Immediate information on the following: Large Rockets toinc]ude; a. Production. b. Characteristics (weight, range, size of warhead, etc.) c. Location and.state of development of launching emplacements. d. Method of launching. e. Probable date of use and target. Preparation for bacterial warfare by either Germany or Japan: a. Production oi' bacteria. b. Manufacture of bacteria shells or.bombs* c., Location and activity of plants engaged in production, or of laboratories. - 4 - Approved For Release 2005/03 A-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved Fa elease 2005/03/15% DP67-00059900200050032-9 f, $i7eoiel urai;zation of civilians or z,iilitary personnel against banter Notebopks,or diaries oaptur..ed.containing,information bearing oft the subject. Full report on repgrted,.or,.suspeeted incidents (most pro'babl icy individual or sxa4 party sabotage effort). Any so-called "secret weapons?* such, ass a. Death rays. b. Infra-red, ra'p (for stopping motors). Tnflaru?iable gas Clouds or fogs, New missiles. Routine information is desired on new developments or research a. Radar. b. RadioT o. Remote control, d. Jwmting and anti- jamming devices, e. Radio-r.ctive bombs. f.. Metallurgy. g? Explosives. Bacterio logy.. Topo ra hic, A. Priorities are established in the following order: ].. Japanese territory.. c riyittz~y. . German, oocupied territory. Neutrals. . Others, .Topics. Terrain features and descriptions, Approved For Release 2005/03 A-RDP67-00059AOOO2OOQ5OO32-9 h. Gases. Flames. ? Fuels, Me Fire control devices, no Aeronautics, 1. Rockets. k. Fuzes. Approved For ease 2005/Q?TCIA-RDP67-00059A1200050032-9 3, Vegetation, natural and cultivated. 4, Beaches, including general coastal description and water depths. 5. Surf, tides and currents. $. Drainage, such as rivers swamps and lakes. 7. Water sup?ly.. 8. Geology-sarface materials and soils. 9. Climate and we.ther. 10. Road information such as a. Distances and routes. b. Type, depth and width of roadbeds and surfaces. c. Availability of road surfacing materials. d. Grades and curves. e. Location, width and types of bridges and tunnels. f. Location of possible fording of rivers and streams. g. Ferry routes and terminals, h. City streets. 11. Railroad information such as: a. Distances and routes. b. Gauges and types of roadbed. e. Grades and curves. d. Number of tracks and location of sidings and yards. e. Locations and type of bridges and tunnels. 12. Location and type of trails, 13, Distance+a and routes of inland waterways and canals. 14. Navigability of inland waterways and draft of vessels. VI. Who's 7 ,'ho, A. above. No special priorities assigned except where indicated and as stated B. Topics. 1. All biographical data and all official reports concern?-nu the activities and identities of persons and organizations directly or indirectly concerned with the war - military, naval, soientific, political, economic, diplomatic. Special ercphasis should be placed on belligerents and such neutral countries as Staain, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey? Naval and military personnel below the grade of captain (navy) or colonel are not desired unless their activities have special significance. 2. The &c'.er.tities and activities of those engaged in enemy espio- nage and sabotage arc also wanted., also so-called free movements. 3. Reports of enemy atrocities and the names of offenders,.,are Approved For Release 2005/03/ .,C -RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved FRelease 2005/03/i?CtW-RDP67-0005000200050032-9 VII. Maps and Photos. Priorities .re established in the, following order: ], Mis. 2;1 taxis occupied areas. 3, .. Russia. 4 #Neutrals. 5 Others. I o. Xs. a1 Lll recent maps not listed in Map Coverage or monthly accession Bulletins which catalogue maps on the'A,rmy Map Service .collection. ccrzed with mapping problems. and associations con- a. Information on new mapping and-map re#rsion projects and geodQtio surveys. d. Reports of ;overnm-ent agencies engaged in geodetic control and mapping ope,ra_tions. e. Correc ions to existing maps. f. Correctness of airfield data (4F Form 63). g? civil;.a 2. b, journals and bulletins of societies information on the organization and technique of military, and government. mapping agencies when available. Photo gra hy. Ground aid aerial photographs of 1 the following subjects are desired= ,irfields. Ports and harbors and facilities) Views from both land and Beaches ) sea are desired. Military installations.. Major utilities and industrial plants. Approved For Release 2005/03/1 " DP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For Rase 2005/0$?FCIA-RDP67-00059A000050032-9 Cities and towns. Railroads and terminals... Gensral terrain views to include lakes, rivers, and passes., b. Photographs should be current and titled with the following minimum 'irifor:uation: Des;,riptive title, complete to permit location on,map. Location (city or town, country, latitude, and longitude if known). Approximate compass bearing (camera to objedt). Date (include hour of day if known), Source (name of photographer or agency). e, Continuous aerial coverage or mapping photography of infor- mation concer:aing that in process or completed by ?zny agency, in- cluding type, scale, date, location, and any. other pertinent db,ta. Technical and tactical photography. d. Includes such subjects as: Foreign uniforms and personal equipment. For,.ign officer personnel. Prii3oners. of war, Foreign mobile equipment. Foreign ordnance (both regular photography and "breakdown" p::iotography). Pictorial evidence of shipments damaged by bad handling or sabotage, Photo c(?pies, pf. pertinent illustrations in enemy documents and books (when material itself cannot be forwarded). Details of coastal fortifications and fortified positions; p:Lllboxes; 'dugouts, etc. Pictorial evidence of methods used by other nations in combat or in training; Motion p:Lctures, Desired are foreign motion picture films which ma be used for the study of enemy language, tactics, techniques, and equipment; also films showing enemy terrain, production, transportation, and personalities;; and all enemy propaganda films. Approved For Release 2005/.0 3R ' A-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 25X1 Approved For Release 2005/03/15 : CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2005/03/15 : CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved F=,, Release 2005/03/ ~~-RDP67-0005iV000200050032-9 IRW 1NFST1 mT ?sir IST)MERE 0T72SID7, CONTINFlTAI, TTTIITED STATF;S Political, 1. Structure of the g;overnmeni: to include the executive, legislative and judicial departments.. 2. Constitution including political and civil rights within the country. 3. Political parties and aims and purposes and activities. 4. Activities of local governments where sufficiently important. 6. Foreign policies including Foreign representatives to and from, and relations and treaties with, foreign countries. 7. Interpretative information relative to the political stability of countries in question. 8. Interneetional affiliations of political parties and organizations. 9. Aoti.vities of foreign minorities. 10. propaganda: a. Anti- Incumbent administration. b. Anti-Unit ;d States or 'Unit- _,d Nations. 11. Official and popular reaction to world events, particularly those affecting the Americas and =,soocially (a) Alliod success orr`everses, (b) Post war security organizations (Dumbarton Oaks Proposal) and (c) Confidential proposals of the I1te;r-Arierican D fense Board re standardization of organiza- tion, doctrine and armument this latter of primary interest to Prilitary). 25X1 - 11 - Approved For Release 2005/03/1 .-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For Rase 2005/03L.1,S, ? JA-RDP67-00059A0cM 00050032-9 r3, a 1. economic &gre ments with (a) other LA countries and (b) extra- hemisphere countries. 2. Attempts to sc cure or m.:nufa,oturo war-making, ma.t4.rials. 3. Shortggos, rationing, cost of 114inY rind other economic d>velopt ants closely essooiated-.with government stability. 4. '7ndications` of plans by any extra.-hemisphere country to..oz foi 'nd/or aaminare LOCal markets. rlilitary. 1. Periodic revisions of.jirmy and Air.'Forco Station lists; include names of unit commanders, ,numbers of officers and men, and quantity and type of equipment. 2. Reports on posts, stations and Garrisons; training, morale, efficiency, and General preparation of troops for war. 3. TJs: and distribution of lend lease equipment,. 4.. As of the 27th bf each month,, the monthly aviation report for personnel and aircraft strength of the Air Force in duplicate; if no change report n gntive; explain with footnotes any ,change in statistics from the preceding month. 1. Stability reports weekly. on dittos, factors may be reported nogntively if no change has oecurr d, but ~-eeh fourth.,woelc. the last positive situation should be restated. 2. Comments on Current events reports us often as justified;' select items carefully and point out significance with commerit. 25X1 Approved For Release 2005/05/1: tIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 SecneT_ Approved Fq elease 2005/03/156 9, FDP67-0005 00200050032-9 STERN EUROPE BELGIUM Political, ].. Best av*i:ble opinion on strength of Communism. 2. Probability of communists and extreme Leftists forming coalitioiis to bring sbout favored legislation. $. Leading Belgian opinion on the strength, stability, and durability of the DeGaulle Government in France, 41 Contemplated Belgian policy in its relations with Russia, England, France, and the Nethc,rlands. Political. 1* attitude and/or action being planned, known, or surmised on part of Parliamentarians who remained in France. 2, Any political adjustments being planned toward invalidating 1940-44 transfersof 'assets to Germans or co1laborationisvst 3. Estimate of political sentiment of liberated areas of France, 4? Opinion in France on voting strength French Communism could reason- ably rely upon in establishing or defeating Communist-sponsded policies (political and economic). 5. Opinion in France on the ability of the French Communist P4rty: a. To take over mines, railroads, utilities, and allied ndusiries b. To take over control of producer goods and consumer-goods. co To agitate successfully for ,the withdrawal of American and English troops. 25X1 Approved For Release 2005/03 Th-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For F ease 2005/0g t lA-RDP67-00059A0*200050032-9 d. To eonfi3oate French official files. e. To? agitate successi'ully for the immediate adoption of trade arf 4 Opinion in France of any element of dispair, in the French upper classes, of seeing a sane, incorrupt government issue from the present political condition and consequent tendency to withdraw allegiance from their own Iparties and support Communism as the most efficacious cure to be found. Opinion in France as to whether inflation and economic chaos would have auoh an effect on the peasants as to make them ready oonverti:to.COmmunisrr 8, Politioai information relating to French c.2.nial territ6rie's. NSTIRLANnS Political 1. What territorial compensation will Holjand..demand in the peace terms; Contemplated Netherlands' policy in po.lit.cal relations with Russia, England, France, and Belgium. 3. Growth of Conmunism, if any,, and indications of its underground,. as well as outward, activity. PO L Off cia, c_huznge..in Portuguese attitude toward U.S.S.R. 2. Progress Lead rs,*' _ of communism in Portugal; list of any Communist Party Prqgess of x`epublicanismi in 4. Information on personalities successors to Salazar ':n Portugal.* Portugal; list of any leaders.* who maybe considered possible 5. Portuguese Colonial i.tuation in the Far East. Possibility of rQqueat for braz?ilian troops to aid Portugal militaril, * Information also of ,Interest to Who's Who Branch. - 1.4- Approved For Release 2005/03/102U2 RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 SECRET. Approved F rVelease 2005/031"1I"'" A-RDP67-OOOIZA 000200050032-9 7. Difference between programs of Trotskyist and Stalinist Communists in Portugal, their relative strength, and from .thich classes each derives its principal support. List of leaders of each group. Ecanairi 0. Germanf Caicial interests in SpE'in. Rehabilitation of Spa.in's industrial and a;rulturaloonoray with particular' emphasis on Gerzran infiltration. uJhWt are Spanish doing commercially to id Germans? Political. 1, Information dealing with possible Monarchist coup in Spain,. What ? are the activities. and/or plans of the Monarchi: ts;r 2. Any Itficial change in Spanish attitude toward U.S.S.R. 3., Progress of Communist movement in Spain; strength ofC.ommunist party in Spain; list of any Communist Party leaders.,. 41That is t:he strength of the Junta Sup:remade'iiipiori Nacional? ? re the Junta Suprema de Union ,Nacional and the Communin't Party synonymous? 5* . Progress of republicanism- in Spairi; list of,1e?adk. .-a.* What percentage-Of the Iaquis ? doese"the Junta Supf'ema control? X there any indiction that' the' army or any parts. of"the army will respond to the Junta Supreme plea to revolt? Who is General Riquelme? ?Tho are the other Junta Suprerna . ieaders^s 9. What are the activities and/or plans of Republicans within Spain to counteract the ;Uomununisti aoT,s.v.LT'y: ve What new repress p.liti..cal inftrrn;r-tion relating to Spanish colonial territories. measures has the Falange emp'oyed i THERN EUROPE RU Ie~~1Z BLLQARV, 1,11P HUNGARY (applicable to all three countries) Economic _ - `4pr.imarily post-Var. 4o0nd c coed tici is}. * Tnforniation als9 of,interest':tc yh'id'l s Viho Brarji Yh - 15 Approved For Release 2005/03/15 G P67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For Rase '2005$$2:'GIA-FDP6700059Ag120005Q032=9 Domestic Economy, a,. Government policies; extent,,of'; Russian control and influence. be Government measures to restore internal economy, a, Resources 'agricultural. mineral- inclustr4cal_ fuel) of boundaries'. ;:;. ' Deg:-ee. of . selfr sufficiency and gain or loss by change (2) Results of German occupation - lops fro,in war damage,` removal of_,cquipment, exhaustion of resources# disruption in administration; possible 941h ?from new enterprises developed under German occupation. (3) Results of Russian occupation'- effect of reparations; possible benofrits.-frori Ru: sian assistance. 2; ?.Tran+ ortut.ion . (,ro 4, rail, air, water) and C.ax nicatior s - facilities `and equipment. iow con5tri,etion, Adaptation to Russian use, c, Availability for use by other nations (with special reference to conti 61-6ft the Danube and of ? air. -facilities ), .a? Effa.ct of loss of German trade on the?countryta economy. be Repatriation of stocks and other property confiscated by' Gorman intAres.ts.,: .. . , .. C*Continuance of undercover economic infiltration by German d. Reorientatf,~on of foreign trade and?r Russian doiitnAion evidence of operation under the cartel system. ?0 Financial control? by Russia (banking,,,. currency value, et?e. ), f,, New investm'ants:of foreign, capital, and restitution of pre- war foreign interests. Political. 1. Infiltration of Communist :[d?. o y into Governmental Agencies. u* +Comr-inist support of dampcxatic constitutions and other cagencieo for purposes. of building up Goirr=aun.st parties.. - 16 ,. Approved For Release 2005/03/15 : CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050d32-9 SECRET ._. SECRET Approved Fo elease 2005/03t l5 .-CIA-RDP67-000500200050032-9 bt Growth of Communist parties through elections (local or other), and sources of propaganda (finances, imported agents, native ,gents trained abroad, POWs, etc.). c4 press and other pzblicatione - type of propaganda, origin and subsidies. 2, 4ctual and potential rolative strength of following typos of pocal groups at Rightists, fascist elementsi supporting f,.xis, Rightist, monarchist elements supporting native' monarchic c! Liberal, democratic elements supporting national, republi- can denocracies,~ dt Leftists, supporting Co*aunist internationa~ and union with U.S.S.R. e. Extent and type of adzministretive, legal, military, p'461 'al, and economic control exercised by occupying authorities. f. Inststnces of interference by occupying authorities in local, political, economic, and cultural problems. g. Instances of Soviet interference with national governments wits. relation to latters' policios towards rniglo~ ericans and towards other countraos., h. Study off.cts of ~ fcri'can policies as comparr-z)d to the policy i, Restrictions imposed by Soviets onmglo-jmorican observers (ass in the" case' of tho Plot sti qil fields. ) J. Specific intelligence data on Soviet .activities in Rumania, Hungary, and'Bulgaria. (1) >1uribcr, names :.nd background of P,ussian civilian'and military personnel. .(2) Evidences'of Soviet interforonce with, or*mftipulrtion of national affairs in the fields of-. (a) Political stability: Cabinet changes. Propaganda = against political personalities. SECRET Approved For Release 2005/03/15 ClA=RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approv d E.pr,f ase.2005/03Ei EtIA-RDP67-00059A 200050032-9 (b) Economic legislation, Dogreo of cone o?l of 4ifferent political orgz:.nizations, i.e., the 2'vono. Father-Lix d, etc. ti , Sociid atructurb (through definition of vrar criminals etc. }. (d) The' press. (3} Evidence of Russian efforts to unite or-disunite these three countries and to, encourage. or discourat-,e cooperation betwedn these countries. (4) Degree of outright or disguised Soviet oontrbl of inter- policy. ... nat>,onal re'latiohs and domestic . (5) Soviet policy, aims, methods used to"dotinat*e and control ?arly '?r" a13. of le three nations - to be a continuing analysis. Sociological. ?' 1, Approximately w',iat percent of the population in each country is Pro- . Russian?-- what percent ,Anti-Russian? Does the cleavage , tend to`#ollow ethnic lines? 'If::so,;'.what. groups are in each class? 2. Information on the Social-Economic classes is requested. Which of these classes are Pro-Rus;5ian.and which Anti-Russian? 3. Comments on the strength of nationalistic attitude (patriotism) of the people are desired. Is the nationalistic attitude modified in any 6,6nsiderab.le degree by the existence of different religions in the country? If so, which religious bodies are strongly nationalistic? 4. How strong is, the press as a moulder of public opinion? How strong is the radio? Y1hat censorship exists on these organs,? .'What percentage of the population is "illiterate? Educated? 6. The following &ta are desired; as Basic manpower data, including the distribution of the population as to age, sex, occupation, births and deaths, . b. Data on war dosses in population. 7, Information on how displacements of population as a result of the war affected the nationalistic spirit? Approved For Release 2005&& CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved FoRelease 2005/03/15 1?-RDP67-00059,}( 00200050032-9 Who's Who 1. Biographical information concerning politicians} particularly those who are pro-Russian, pro-British, pro-Nazi, or pro-United States. In the case of pro-Russian politicians, desire any information indicating .whether they are Working actively for a pro-Russian nation. 2. Names, biographical data, and actions of persons who seen likely to achie-yd political prominence. 3. Information, particularly background, concerning military personnel from the rank of Colonel up. 4. . Names and data concerning persons belonging to political organiza- tions or opposition parties, especially members of the Communist party. 5., Information regarding Russians in the countries. named., as well as data concerning Russian agents. This includes espionage activities of members of various legations and consulates. 1ilitary. Order of Battle information pertaining to''the armed forces of these three countries, the Axis, and other European countries, including the Russians as follovrs: a. General. Data on organization as it pis presented in the Order of Battle and Iianbdks of the Bulgarian, Hungarian and Rumanian Armed Forces was gathered for the most part prior to ..1941. It is necessary: to chock all t~'~ charts and tables and to 'supplement them whenever possible. Special effort should 'be directed to noting changes in the organization of both small and large units because of German influence, experience on the Soviet front and shortage of materiel. Detailed information on the organization of units of company size and smaller is meager. " It is suggested that military handbooks, technical manuals and other doour.Lents be secured in the various countries and sent' to TITS for study. b. Identifitation and location of all units regardless of size. This should include armies, corps, divisions, regiments, and battalions assigned to divisions as well as in:dopendent regiments and battalions. c. An., information on movements of units whether by rail, water, air or road with identification bf unit involved as well as origin and destination of movement. d. Name, rank, designation of corm4and and location of commander of battalions and higher units. 19- Approved For Release 2005/03/15*ZA DP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved For ease 2005/ CIA7RDP67-00059AAM0200050032-9 e. Data on strength of individual units. f. , . Field post numbers of units- together with. identification and location of unit,,where.Passibhe. 1; P1. g. Location, size and..facilities of airfields.. Data on plane, production :and. tochnical detail? _o.f aircraft. h. Weapons held by the armies; nanufacturer and supplies, etc. 2, Manpower. a. Available military manpower (overall estimates, age breakdown' for mules, any-:changes af..'ecting the milittary pool, such as the presence of evaoue;:s, refugees, and political prisoners). Birth and death rates from 1938. 'b. Number.a gainfully employed, with breakdovm,for-,males and females by industries; ago groups of 'those employed; nurhber, of males .who could be spared from industry; numbers ei"iployod.abroad, with breakdown.by countries in which employed. c. Numbers dei'erred for essential industry; general infoirmrxti6n concerning o ccupational deferment. d. Strength of the armed forces - army, navy,.ir; porsonna1 strength, including number of, women; strength in divisions, units, etc. Number' "of: rnatio.nals fighting with the enemy,' Strength of guerr;llas, or e. :'Quality of men left in; civilian activities cludin i i f , n g n er- matinn 'concern:ing militaryy trr,ining for civilian defense and, preco'nscriptional 2 ethods of mobilization. g~ Actual mobilization and recruitment; number of- classes mob 'lined or .released, size, of annual class; mobilization capacity (personnel and eguipai? nt cap .bi; itie.s );, number of men trained, h. Standards of physical fitness; numbers by age groups of those it for. combat, fit.-.for limited ,,service, or unfit for any service. i. Casualties in World War' II. (1}. ; Total. 'battle casualties. (2.) Peroen: of casualties; killed' : missing';: iloundod. ~~CFtD~ Approved For Release 2005/035": CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved Fo, Release 2005/03/A?CFp`-RDP67-0005A 00200050032-9 (3) Percent of wounded returned to combat duty or limited service; percent discharged permanently. (4) Summaries of losses by campaign or sector, cumulative, or monthly, quarterly or yearly. (5) 1,bove-normal civilian deaths due to war (by bombing, disease, etc.); number of civilians captured. 31, Fortification. aR Location of existing fortified lines in the above-named b. General description of types of fortification in prepared defensive lines, including tank obstacles, minefields, pillboxes, oaseiaai:es, and earth works. c., Description of employment of concrete or armor.in permanent fortifications. d. Number, type and caliber of weapons in. fortifications. Insignia, decorations and uniforms. Samples of insignia (2 sets) Rank insignia. Cap badges. Insignia of.arm and branch of service. Specialty badges* b Samples of 'decorations and awards (2; sets). Service, merit and marksmanship 'awards as well as decorations. c. Swatches of cloth used in uniforms (for different types and different colors of various uniforms). Photographs of uniforms as per regulations and charts. Copy of the official.uniform regulations and charts* f? ,emblems of units. with location where observed with possible identification of the unit to which the emblem belongs. 5. Information regarding Rus?ia deduqed from its activities in these countries, SECRET Approved For Release 2005/03/15 : CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved For .ease 2005/03 TCIA-RDP67-00059A 0200050032-9 Military, (1) Iobi tization for Red lrmy,. (T Rurii.a iian,` Hungarian and Bulgarian troops fighting with the Red g'urnly. (7') Casualty informatipn., (6) Type and quality of personnel,, age, health, e (3) Guerrillas fighting with Red li~rmy. (4) Fore:Lgners nerving with Rod iirmy. (5) Guerrillas serving for Red j,,rmy. (8) Descriptions, specifications, ballisticdata._and;photos Rus&ian self propelled,.arti.ller?y,, (9) Descriptions, specifications, ballistic data,,.and.photos of all other Russian artillery. (10) Descriptions, specifications, ballistic tiu'ti --and photos of Russian !C'V's (tanks and armored card). (11) Descriptions, specifications, ballistic data and photos of all Russian rockets arLd.rocket projectors, (12) Descz-iptions,;,sp^~gificra?tions., ballistic data and photos of all Russian szaall arris (pistols, rifles, I.its and mortars). (13) Doscriptions?{ spep.ifiss#~tions; and photos of c,tii:Russian grEnudes:? ands: land- mines.` (14) Tactiq.s.... . Employment of each aim and servioe. Exercise of command, Combot security, Tactical troop movements.. affer..sive bperations. Defensive operations:. Rotr'ograde? move. rie;nt$,.. Special, perations. (16) Methods, system and objective of military training.. (l 5) S'tr#~te'g"'ia"d?ootr'ines, 22 - Approved For Release 2005 CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For lease 2005/03/1e -RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 operations, (17) Intbll3gence and counterintelligence doctrines. and. (18). Official publications, manuals, plans1, etc. (19) First-hand reports of operations and training* by officers tho armies concerned. (20) Reports on inspection and visits of Ur S. observers. (21) maintenance requirements of various types of divisi'ons, infantry and motorized (armored),, including rations, forage., equipment,,. ordnance, fuel, engineering material and ammunition (da 'of fire). (22) Data concerning troop movement prci'ceduros',r including time required fforalerting trains and trucks (lsyad capacities), and unloading for types of divisions. (23) Administrative network emplo;,p d,in handling transportation of personnel, especially coordination between eiv?.lianand military transpor- tation officials, (24) Deppt installations, including: those ,f'or a.11,-.classes of s~Aaplios, also vehicle parks and maintenance centers.... (25) Replacement system with special emphasis on corps area or military district role in furnishing replacements:.. Civilian. Refugees to Russia, Evacuees to Russia, I.Tobilized for labor in Russia Normal birth and death rates for Russia since 1925; Desired by European Neutral Specia gist 1. # An intensive and continuous. study of all prominent personalities with particular emphasis on those individuals who# regardless of the4r specific fields of activity, will gradually emerge as the'new Military and poli ,ica ,leaders in these areas. 2, Reports, as current as possible,, in regard to newly activated national armies, security forces, gendarmerie, police and similar military or quasi-military organizations, Emphasis should be placed on information concerning the key individuals and commanders -of "those organizations. Approved For Release 2005/03 -RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For lease 20 CIA-RDP67-000590&00200050032-9 4y Iiif'tirmatid 'bra nt i id> a' d" ar +d` organi ions whidh show tendencies of doveioping undori;round movements of any type. 4? dervv'i hs, photdEg'raj5s; Via n a~ ai4 6tehers of key areas, particular- ly of eoztkni,catzons center RU ,$A NTJ Po litica,l. 1,. Study rmethod$ eefl oontral in the newly eroated Rur.anian. ~3ation l , Democratio Bifok. Who constitutes its steering committee? Where- do the :.3eaders;. t. heir. direotionn? ' Whq pays them2, :. . 2. Why did` rdaniu and Bratianu decline' tf have any hzi"ta di with the National Democratic Bl*,sk? , Sonpe of arrests o~'f war er:iminais, Indic' e' l,e d .i2g p rsanriul arrested` and state 'cause's f}~r arrests, Indicate trends n` carry n ?ut arrests by showing to what ,political groups the arrested people belong. Are the' arrests `?a'i indication. that the' GoverArient vuis es to, please a foreign power rather' than "to adhere is a strict policy 'of`` war criminals. . .. 5. Wfio t s Who among Communist leaders ' in Rumania. * 'Activities o#' Maniu. What were the indirect effects of Molotav's proposal and Benos' intervention on behalf.of Rumania (Transylvania)? ?: #. Current reporting on public moi rO iii Rumania w iii" reference to the go ve rrnuo nt, 7. The position of the Iron,Guard vi~h relati9n to recent German threats. 6. rRolation ~f ,Ma u4rwirt the Crgwn and:MarshaI AntQnesou. 9. What happened to Tartareseuls ; cegalitloii .efforts .comprising..leftist and liberal parties? jgartan reform as ap1litieul issue in building up .the Communist or bthor,lartist parties,. 11, Interference of Russian occupation forces with constitutional (civil) rights Lof Ruri.nians. a s. 12rc IV axt"ux>rcl:.g E}cPmvYl :qf; cc,Vi1 aff?uir~$c:.l tisslan Pars annel..attaahad to Rumanign .ac r,~muiii,.ties CAtl is+9iry,: ?;l"i+ "isx-n..re~ it tir rs, e.t :) .` ; * Information also desired by I,Vho's Who Branch. Approved For Release 2005/0 A-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved Fo elease 2005/03/35(!TG7 -RDP67-00059AQ00200050032-9 13.: Activities of russian. persb el ?~attached to var:ions, po.litio~+.l and priv4.te establishments. V ho's Who. 1. shat is blood relationship betWoen tho two`lJntoneccus?, 20 Ifaines, biographies and political coriipiexion of all new off}cials and political leaders. Idi l iteir y. Rue to heavy losses in men and materiel stiffere:d-.by.:the Ryrganian Army on the eastern front, it is probable that '.t/0Is?=and T/E+s a, I 94 are... different from those of 1941. The formation ands -subsequent disbp.nd.ing. ,of .the fortress divisions, --nd the conversion of frontier guard and chasseur units into infantry units should be studied. Information is desired on the fourth 'infantry.,.r,egirnents when the Rurienian Army changed from a four-regiment to a three-regiment infantry division, 'Information is desired. on the Rumanian calalry:uni' s, which were operating on the eastern front and which were re- ported both as bri',gades and as divisions. BtTLGAR IA Political. l.. ' Propaganda with regard tot Monarchy. Republic. Balkan (Slav) 'e deer tlorf propaancl activities df `Russiar.'I;egation in Sofia, I3ulgar-; size and oo ;>osition of Russian Legation Staff and frznotions;- ftnaxa.ingg, of com- mist groups at Slivan;?supply of monpy to Greek guerrillas. 3. Posit~pn of.,Orthodox Church: Exploitation of Church for closer political affiliation Wit'h' Riiss iii. 4. Reaction of Orthodox Svi d- i1i Sofia, to the. recent. 9,gyiet, ct. apair;n for "spiritual affinities of orthodoxy." 5`* Political strength acid: .eadersl`ip` of' -the- sdappresseti.-Iran-;slay and Pan-south-sl,av groups. 61',CR71 Approved For Release 2005/03/15: CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved For F ase 200 1': CIA-RDP67-00059ASW200050032-9 6. Exploitation of Slavism, as propagated by Moscow All-Slav Congresses, to embrace all Slavs in cne political community such as USSR. 7. Status of Regency Bulgaria: Does German intervention in Regency mean replacement of any cf its members? Does the German Governor countersign acts of state instead of the Regent? 8. Relations between Bagrianov's Cabinet and the Russians. Relations with Germany. 9. Activities of Militia in. combatting "Shumtsi" and other guerrillas. 10. Progress of Bulgarian armistice negotiations. Conflicting demands of the allies as revealec. in the conduct of the negotiations with reference to territorial adjustments, 11. Stability of the Georghiev Government: a, Any evidences of its replacement by a more Communist regime? b. Efforts on the part. of the Communists to secure Dimitrovis return to Bulgaria to assume lower. 12. Situation as rEgards withdrawal of Bulgarians'fzon, occupied territories: a. Specific areas in Thrace and Macedonia (Greek and Yugoslav) b. Investigate Soviet authorization for Colonel Radev's activities in Greek Thrace. 13. Type and extent of control exercised by Soviet authorities in the internal administration of the country and any evidence of Soviet inter- ference in internal politics,,i.e., material and propaganda support to the Fatherland Front. Evidence of Russian support of Bulgarian claims to Thrace, Macedonia and the Dobrujc.; particular emphasis on the Aegean outlet through Dodeagae (Alexandropolis;. 14. Bulgarian army methods of "liberating" is. 15, Strength'of the...Green International (Agrarians). 16. Activities'anci potentialities.of Zveno, Pladne, and other radical and leftist groups. 17. Government, or Soviet, attitudes toward Il1R0 and the Macedonian question in general. 26 _- Approved For Release 2005 S T CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For QpIease 2005/03/1 6 . RDP'67-00059AO00200050032-9 18. .` The Ptissi at:titia ip `to rQ1i;ion -.and:. Russian=9nootaragement of Pan- Slavism and any evidence of tangible results of such encour., Bement publio opinion. Economic. forcer}t e of Antis `su iplios ;of. trutt,, le.4d, manganese, chrome and opium currently provided by Bulgaria. 2. Recent damage to lead, manganese,. and;;throne, m n~ s, and consequent lowering of production; length of time needed for repair. Forecasts for 1944 crops; German requisitioning of crops and live- Recent improvements to roads and railroads; significant damages to road`s' atd railroads; sufficiency of rolling-. t:tock. and, repair Facilities. Plans for post-war civil air lines. length and .aircraft ass rab~.y plants, consequent lowering Recent ntuda age to h of time needed for.repair, Who ff, s Who . Names" of'm inbers of visiting diplomatic missions.. 2. Name and rank of Russian TO. and other Russian o. -ala-, ; Name; and hanks o.f'Japanese official. re,presgnt :tiyes, U L,- yy. The, organization. of the pul ;arian antiaircrp.ft art?il,lery, coast artillery, and armored units is very poorly covered in the pwes~pt Tu S.files. ,This holds true for both the overall organization and the composition of small units.' The organi ation'of tho-?Bul:gar.ian line of cgrlrl44 cations and occu- pational divisions (14, 15, 16, 17, 22,} 24., ~5, 27, .z8j xici 29), aid.the, make- up of typical garrisons in occupied territory is of interest and of probable YG Y Political. What is. the tre7d.,itn regent municipal elections withroferenco to Imredy+s attempt to outlaw all political parties oxcepting' his on (National Socialist)p Approved For Release 2005/03/-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 I Approved For lease 200 0 5 : CIA-RDP67-00059ftO0200050032-9 2. Cooperation of Eungarian diplomats in exile with Otto af Hapsburg for re$tox:ation. t 5. Who are the leac':ers of the Agrarian Reform movement?? :? .. here any Con unists among them?* 4, agrarian reform as a political issue in building up thy: Ct)mmunist Alovoment. 5. Industrial sect:Lons spread of Communism. 6. Revisionist schemes: R. The monarc:zio and clerical groups; efforts for Hapsburg restoration. b. The landed nobility: efforts for return of "historic" Hungarian boundaries (within which their landed estates.a.re located) to the Crown of St. Stephen. a. Hungarian minorities in Transylvania,- Slovakia, and Vojvodina, strength and activities. War crimir. als. 7. Who are the new appointed leaders of the First and Second Homed Armies? Are they political appointees of Szalasy, National Socialist's, or regular a~rmy men? 8. Extent of backing received by'Szalasy from the Honved, the Gendarme rie;`br any extra-military armed unit? 9. personal posit_on of Horthy. Where is he? Did he actually. retire in behalf of Szalasy? 10liat is his present relation with Szalasy?, With armed units? With Germany? 10. Analyze method of returning land toTransylvan, Ruthene, Bacska, and other landed nobility.(1')41-1944). 11. Compensation, if any, to settlers under Agrarian Reforms of Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. 12, Study contacts of dissident -ministers (Apor, Ullein-Veritsky, e,t al; ar y, with Horthy, Lallay, and other political leaders within Hung 1. Report all changes in list' of officials. names', ranks, posi- ions.. ?x.Inlormation also desi:?ed by "rho'S Who Branch. 28. SECPET Approved For Release 2005/03tr5-'CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved For elease 2005/03/1-krI RDP67-00059Ad 0200050032-9 2 ? Report all changes in list of diplomats in Hungary. 3. 17aities? biographies and activities of all leadi olitic l fi ng p ; gures, and whether,,, they are pro-Nazi, fro-Russian, or pro-United N/s.tions. 4. Report :whereab'out's ard activities of all Hungarian. officials who.'are di d l sp aoe . rconomio . 2. on use. Petrol,oum output, theoretical axed `aotual. Railroads, new lines, new double tracking, bomb dai,iuge, dip: trit.io:ns p ix~dus3x oar, industry - relocation of German in~:ustry in Hun5,ary, nc,yv y, output of war' industry, factraries now ptaking. war. materials .Which previouslyi~ made consumer goods. Milit ry. The organization of the Hungarian armored, cavalry, and ripto-izbrl units both lar e a d ll ,, g n sma , ha$ never been re:$cbly reported. It is hot afar whether these r,iabile form , ,are used as i:r dependent units or. whether they are assigned to. armies, oorpa, or divisions, The organization ;4t d ::the._ function of the uungarian line of coriunications divisions (101, 102, 105, 108, 118, 121, and 200) is ux ;nom. Information should be.;:gbtaon their part ~h the Eru n1y g cif reply er ,nts "Co the line unis,.~CiurIY!'g 1hd ?rii Ater Political. , Publ.*C opi?2ioa 2.: Pdrtisantactivities 4, region , in corluatti?i; Yugoslav nationalists, 6, Status of 4li ed (all) liaison ,iis,sions with L11C and Nationalists. Economic. i. Percentage off' axis supplies of chrome, copper:,; ,and i,potroleurn . !ALDAITTA ua4?i ., vr?ti~,refererice,.to restoration o#' :King dog, in the pa'li iaal sphere in iJ.bania.. Cozy}positiioq and Mo t s Who tin ,n.e~;c Fiqu.ri Government. ?inal.yze' participation of J,NC;`Y.ossovo'as Well as other .nbrthe,rh Approved For Release 20051031$ ,, 0 -RDP67-'00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For lease 2005MMIlIT CIA-RDP67-00059;00200050032-9 2. Recent damage to chrome and copper mines and consequent lowering of production; 'length of time needed for repair. 3. Recent damage to oil wells and refineries, and consequent lowering of production; time needed for repair. 4. Decline in the area under cultivation; forecasts for 1944 crops; decrease in the number of farm laborers. -5., . Significant road. damage. 'urho's Who. 1. 11airies, biographies and political complexion of new officials, 2. Recent activities of officials and present political bend-. ITALY Political. 1. All phases of dE.veloping political situation in Italy, including to fo.loc+ing:' Separatism What is the current strength of Sicilian Separatism (number of party members,r activities)? Is strength growing or declining?._. u'";ho actually backs each of the two groups (Finocchiaro-Aprile's pro-British section and the more recent pro-United States group)? Who are the most important leaders besides T'inocchiaro-Apr.ile? 2. International rEllations-especially with Great Britain, Russia, and Yugoslavia: Yugoslav Relations - hat actual deals have been made between Yugoslav fui Italian Bar 3.san_s. regarding the Istrian province? Which country's claims are backed by Brit:.sh? 30 Strength, composition and leaders of specific political parties in Italy, especially.on.Communists, Socialists, Christian Democrats, and Actionists in liberated I1,aly.* Political. 1, New developments in relations between the Political. Committee and Communist groups and the i xile Government of 'Greece. Information also desired by Who's Who Branch. Approved For Release 200 ki ': CIA-RDP67-00059AO00200050032-9 Approved For Release 2005/03,> - A-RDP67-0005,000200050032-9 2. Status of understanding between Greek and Bulgarian Communists in Macedonia and Thrace, ':pith reference to territory. Evidence of Russian anda and support of Con riuni Problems of liberations a. " Degr'ee' of contrbl whic able to impose in liberated areas Greek Govexnmert reprosentatives:'are ,northErn in tkxe s t r i ud t x ,. ~ .n n f, e a tit b. q ip~ re the popule provinces, in the` Peloponnesus, aril in Crete towards the return af' the Papandreou Government. Specific attempts oy E,iM to gain control in liberated areas. $reilgtyh of the ' Royalist opposition to the government undex:: Cpneral 5. 4ttitude of 7ervas toti V(hat is the status of Ards E1l1. J ny-1signs of collaboration? )'Sovic t Republic peleporinesusn of Security Battalions;;,: Territorial spread-out lR percentage of Axis supp]ie currently provided by Greece. 1 ..~: .i i F ~_.~i _.....7. .., .. .,. .,... ,., "nfi ` A?id Ann- Sequent' lowering of productlon; .ength of time needed for repair. 3. Decline in the area under cultivation; forecasts for 1944 crops; decrease in the number ' of f arr, 1?,b,orers ; Germa;,requisitioning of crops. I,iethods of food distrib tt ro;na , x~clcl,. and,~t :~gunese German roquisitionin, er;ral,aughteri.g of livestock. 6. Pecerit iriproveiaexits to roads and railroads; significant damage' roads and railroads; sufficiency of rolling stock and repair facili:tj.es.'.. ips oeing kaUPC. ~~t~, :c,l~uii c u, 8.. Changes in 'i~ege'wn trade and supply routes. '.9. Recent'danu.P'a to aircraft assembly plants, arid cp s~cuentlowering r o . r repa q.f production; length of tine needed f SECRET Approved For Release 2005/03/15 : CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved For Rase 200=&W: CIA-RDP67-00059A200050032-9 YttGOSL &V IA Economic. 1. Percentage of j.xis supplies of copper, chrome, lead, antimony; r:,_nd opium .currently provided by Yugoslavia. 2. Recent damage -,o copper,, chrome,. lead, and antimony mines, and` oonsequent.lowering of production; length of time needed for repair. 3. Recent damage -Jo oil refineries, and consequent lowering of proms duetion; length of time needed for repair, 4. Decline in the area under cultivation; forecasts for '1944 crops; decrease in the number of farm laborers; German requisitioning of crops, 5. Methods of food distribution. German requisitioning and slaughtering f 'livestock; 7. Recent improverients to roads and railroads; significant damage to roads and railroads; sufficiency of rolling stock and repair facilities.. 8. Degree of compJ.etion of the railroad to the Bor ~,.Iines. 9., plans for post-,war c ivi,1 air lines. 10. Recent disruption of Danube by mines, with effect on talkan'trade. 11. $ativity of shipyards with number of ships being launched,' repaired, 124, Changes in Jld'iatio trade 'and supply routes. 13. Degree of infleLtion in Yugoslavia and counteractive measures taken, 14. Recent damage to armament and aircraft assembly plants, and cone sequent lowering of production; length of time needed for repair. Political. 1. Public opinion in Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia with regard to King Peter's`. appointment of SL;basich and'the attempts of the latter to unite re- sistance groups., Reaction of Mihailovich to- these attempts. 2. Whereabouts and: activities of General Navratil of Croat Ustashi. Last reported, escaped to Bari,. 10 July,. on route to London. 3 Which parties aLre repre~;ented in "Central Committee of Kingd-sm 'of Yugoslavia"? SECRET Approved For Release 2005/03/15: CIA-RDP67-00059A000200050032-9 Approved Fo Release 2005/0 IA-RDP67-00059 00200050032-9 4, Effects 1f llied advances an4 bombings on tTe population in Pavelio's Croatia, and Nedichts Belgrade., ;?; S. Follow lip the 10-day meeting scheduled' for Subasioh -and 'Tito to take place in Hari or on Vis the latter part of October,, with particular emphasis on the effects the talks will have on the status of the GovornTt,nt.- in--Exile. 6. What are the causes for the recall of all Yugoslav foreign mi,~stors, excepting the ambassadors to Moscow and Ankara? - aetivitiea of General?Gorshakoy (Soviet} in`South 7. Trace pol Serbia. I`ollo* p the activiti.es, of similar agents. "8, Degree of participation of Chetniks with Partisans in Serbia in com- batting Germans and occupying railway centers and Belgradi CENTP L EUROPE Politicai, 10 Strength of the underground by political groups. 2. Degree of organization of the various emigre political. sestions. 3, Political orientation of the Austrian public' toward- Russia,. .. ~.: , .. ~.?. TT- : t t time's 9 i :, ...a r_ r Stat G o m roa CZ"+CH ,SLOVAKIA P04#041, 1, 1, zrtount of Soviet control of the 41?vak partisan movement, y - i . Nationalist sentiment amp}g than Slovaks. 3. Attit de of the partisans ?t waard,t e GzePhoslovak"Ggverntrent-ih= Exile. ., , z>t