NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK

Document Type:

CREST

Collection:

General CIA Records

Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):

CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2

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RIFPUB

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Document Page Count:

251

Document Creation Date:

December 16, 2016

Document Release Date:

October 18, 2004

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Case Number:

Publication Date:

July 1, 1978

Content Type:

BOOK

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CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2.pdf	24.63 MB

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JulypOx976or Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 National Basic Intelligence DIA and DOS review(s) completed. FACT OOK Ja Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010F 78-002 *1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated and published semiannually by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are prepared by components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Department of State. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents should be addressed to the Office of Geographic and Carto- graphic Research (Att: Factbook) Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. 20505. The publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage and contents of the publication are designed to meet the specific requirements of those users. U.S. Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Non-U.S. Government users may obtain this along with similar CIA publications on a subscription basis by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users not interested in the DOCEX Project subscription service may purchase reproductions of specific publications on an individual basis from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users may also purchase hard copies of this publication from: Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 041-015-00095-1 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 1 July 1978 To: National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK Addressees The. form provided below is an effort to maintain a current dissemination list for the FACTBOOK. Please verify mailing address and number of copies required. The completed form, indicating any changes to your requirements, should be returned to the FACTBOOK Editor as soon as possible. To: FACTBOOK Editor Geographic and Cartographic Research Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. 20505 Change mailing address from: Change number of copies required from: to: Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK July 1978 Supersedes the January 1978 issuance of this Factbook, copies of which should be destroyed. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Entries in all capital letters refer to basic data sheets included in this Factbook? Abbreviations for International organizations .......................................................... x United Nations (U.N.): Structure and Related Agencies ........................................ xii Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN .......................................................................................................... 1 'Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA ...................................................................................................................... 2 ALGERIA ...................................................................................................................... 3 ANDORRA .................................................................................................................. 4 ANGOLA .................................................................................................................... 5 Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA ................................................................................................................... 6 ARGENTINA ................................................................................................................ 7 AUSTRALIA .................................................................................................................. 8 AUSTRIA ...................................................................................................................... 10 Azores (see PORTUGAL) BAHAMAS, THE ........................................................................................................ 11 BAHRAIN .................................................................................................................... 12 Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH ............................................................................................................ 13 BARBADOS .................................................................................................................. 14 BELGIUM .................................................................................................................... 15 BELIZE .......................................................................................................................... 17 BENIN ......................................................................................................................... 18 BERMUDA .................................................................................................................... 19 BHUTAN ...................................................................................................................... 20 BOLIVIA ..................................................................................................................... 21 BOTSWANA ................................................................................................................ 22 BRAZIL ........................................................................................................................ 23 British Honduras (see BELIZE) British Solomon Islands (see SOLOMON ISLANDS) BRUNEI ........................................................................................................................ 25 BULGARIA .................................................................................................................. 26 BURMA ........................................................................................................................ 27 BURUNDI .................................................................................................................... 28 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) CAMBODIA ................................................................................................................ 29 CAMEROON .............................................................................................................. 30 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CANADA ......... ........._.... .,........ _ 31 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE .... .................... ._._ .... ....... ..._._. ..... _........ 33 CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE.. ... ........_.__.... ...... ........... _._..... 34 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD... ......_._.... ..... _ .............__ ..__ ......__ .. 35 CHILE .. ...._....... .__...... ..... . 36 CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ... 38 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF ....... ..... .............. ............ 39 COLOMBIA .... _......... ...... ........ 41 COMOROS .... ..._.......... _ ..._.. 42 CONGO (Brazzaville) ._............... ...... __..._....... 43 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS __......... _.... ...... 44 COSTA RICA ........ ...... ............ ........ ..... 45 CUBA ... _.......... .......... .................. ...... ...... 46 CYPRUS ....... .__ _. .... ..... ........ .._ _..... 47 CZECHOSLOVAKIA............ ... ...... ....... ......... ............. .... 49 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK ......... ............ 51 DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) ......... ...... .......... .... 52 DOMINICA ........._......._ ........ 53 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC .......... .__ . ..... _..... 54 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR ......._........ ..._..... _. 55 EGYPT .............. ._.__........... ......__ ...... ..............__. 56 Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) EL SALVADOR ............................. 58 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 59 ETHIOPIA ....... ...._ ....... 60 ..................................... . FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) ...__.........___ ................._. _ 62 FAROE ISLANDS ................ ......... .__... 62 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) FIJI .... ._ ................ ................... _.._.............. ..... 63 FINLAND ............ ..__................ ............. _..... 65 FRANCE ......................................... . FRENCH GUIANA _ ............._...._.. 68 FRENCH POLYNESIA ............. ....... ...... .... . ...... 69 French Territory of the Afars and Issas (see DJIBOUTI) Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) iv Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 GABON ...................................................................................................................... 70 GAMBIA, THE .............................................................................................................. 71 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ........................................................................ 72 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ...................................................................... 73 GHANA ...................................................................................................................... 75 GIBRALTAR .................................................................................................................. 76 GILBERT ISLANDS ...................................................................................................... 77 GREECE ...................................................................................................................... 78 GREENLAND .............................................................................................................. 79 GRENADA .................................................................................................................. 80 GUADELOUPE ........................................................................................................... 81 GUATEMALA .............................................................................................................. 82 GUINEA ...................................................................................................................... 83 GUINEA-BISSAU ........................................................................................................ 84 Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) GUYANA .................................................................................................................... 85 HAITI ............................................................................................................................ 87 HONDURAS .................................................................................................................. 88 HONG KONG ............................................................................................................ 89 HUNGARY .................................................................................................................. 90 ICELAND ...................................................................................................................... 92 INDIA .......................................................................................................................... 93 INDONESIA ................................................................................................................ 94 IRAN ............................................................................................................................ 96 IRAQ ............................................................................................................................ 97 IRELAND ...................................................................................................................... 98 ISRAEL ........................................................................................................................ 100 ITALY ............................................................................................................................ 101 IVORY COAST ............................................................................................................ 103 JAMAICA .................................................................................................................... 104 JAPAN ........................................................................................................................ 105 JORDAN ...................................................................................................................... 107 KENYA ........................................................................................................................ 108 KOREA, NORTH ........................................................................................................ 109 KOREA, SOUTH ........................................................................................................ 110 KUWAIT ...................................................................................................................... 112 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 V Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 LAOS .... ......... . ........ LEBANON LESOTHO ... ................... ............ LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LUXEMBOURG 113 1 14 116 117 118 119 120 MACAO 121 MADAGASCAR 122 Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI ....... 124 MALAYSIA 125 MALDIVES .......... __ ........ 128 MALI .... .......... ..... ...... MALTA . .......... _.. ..... .. ...... 130 MARTINIQUE ...... 131 MAURITANIA.... 132 MAURITIUS ......... ..... __............... 133 MEXICO... ... .... . . 135 MONACO .... .......... 136 MONGOLIA....... ... ...... 137 MOROCCO ....... . _.. __... 138 MOZAMBIQUE .... . _........ ..... _ . 139 NAMIBIA (formerly South-West Africa) _............ ................. 140 NAURU ........ .......__ ........ 142 NEPAL .._ ........ ......_ _..... 142 NETHERLANDS .... _........... 144 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 145 NEW CALEDONIA ............... ... ....... __ . 147 NEW HEBRIDES 148 NEW ZEALAND 148 NICARAGUA 149 NIGER ................. _ ..... .......... ._..... . ---__ ...__ ........ 151 NIGERIA .. .......... .__ ..._ .. ...... ... _ .. .. .. _......... ...... ... 152 Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY......... .......... .__._ .......... ..__ ......... ........ ............... ..... 153 -O- OMAN _P_ PAKISTAN ....... ..___._ ............... ....___ _......_........................ ...... ............ 156 PANAMA ............... ....... ...._.... ._.._..__ .................. ........... ....-__. 157 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 159 160 NEW GUINEA .............. . ........... ................... PAPUA 161 PARAGUAY TANZANIA) 162 Pemba (see ................. PERU PHILIPPINES 165 POLAND .................. PORTUGAL GUINEA BISSAU) Portuguese Guinea (see Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) -R- EMIRATES) 168 UNITED ARAB 169 Ras aI Khaimah (see ............... REUNION .......... 170 RHODESIA GUINEA) Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL _..... 171 ROMANIA RWANDA .........._ ................ 172 .............. --5- 173 174 ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANG V5 ........... ST. LUCIA V6 ST. VINCENT ........... SAN MARINO .......................... 177 SAO TOME and PRINCIPE 178 SAUDI ARABIA .......... 18 SENEGAL.. ............. ................ SEYCHELLES EMIRATES) 182 (see UNITED ARAB Sharjah 1 LEONE ... . 183 SIERRA 184 SINGAPORE ISLANDS (formerly British Solomon islands) 185 SOLOMON .................... SOMALIA .............. .................... SOUTH AFRICA Southern Rhodesia (see RHODESIA) 187 NAMIBIA) South Vilest Africa (see ....................... SPAIN (see WESTERN SAHARA) 191 Spanish Sahara SRI LANKA ( .............................. formerly Ceylon) 192 SUDAN .................................................... 193 195 ................ ................... 196 SURINAM SWAZILAND ..................... ......................................... 197 SWEDEN . . . . . . . . . . ........ SWITZERLAND ................................. SYRIA ..................................... Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) Page TANZANIA ............ Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND ................ 199 TOGO .... ............ TONGA ............. . . . . . . 200 ............ Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) 201 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 202 ................. TUNISIA ........................................ TURKEY .... ......... . ....... TUVALU ..... ....... ................... ....... 203 205 (formerly Ellice Islands) ........ 206 ........... UGANDA ... 207 Umm al Q .. U.S.S.R... ..... aiwain (see . .......... UNITED ARAB EMIRATES)................... ................... 208 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: `.. Abu Dhabi, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm Ilman, Dubai, Fujairah, 209 United Arab Republic al Qa Aiwain UNITED (see EGYPT) 210 KINGDOM UNITED STATES .............. ._............ UPPER VOLTA ............... 211 URUGUAY 227 ....................... _... .... .. 213 -V- VATICAN CITY ........ 214 VENEZUELA.. .............................. ........................ VIETNAM 215 -W- ........................ 216 WALLIS and FUTUNA 218 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA . ) WESTERN SAHARA ................................... WESTERN (formerly 219 SAMOA Spanish Sahara) ......................... -Y- 219 YEMEN (Aden) 220 YEMEN (Sans) ............ YUGOSLAVIA .... ........ 221 -Z- .................. ......................... 222 ...................... 223 ZAIRE ZAMBIA ............................... ............................ Zanzibar (see TANZANIA)................. ...... 225 ........... 226 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Wy21978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A0009000100- Additional copies may be obtained from CIA Map Library I CANADA II MIDDLE AMERICA III SOUTH AMERICA IV EUROPE V THE MIDDLE EAST VI AFRICA VII U.S.S.R. and ASIA VIII OCEANIA Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization ? ? . Colombo Plan Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community G-77 Group of 77 IADB Inter-American Defense Board ICES International Cooperation in Ocean Exploration IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAS Organization of American States Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development SELA Latin American Economic System UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States WEU Western European Union WPC World Peace Council AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCO International Cocoa Council ICO International Coffee Organization International Lead and Zinc Study Group IOOC International Olive Oil Council ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WSG International Wool Study Group Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat U.N. Conference on Trade and Trade and Development Board U.N. Development Program U.N. Children's Fund U.N. Industrial Development Organization ECA ECE ECLA ECWA ESCAP Intergovernmental FAO GATT IBRD ICAO I DA IFAD IFC ILO IMCO IMF (FUND) ITU UNESCO UPU WFC WHO WIPO WMO Autonomous IAEA Economic Commission for Africa Economic Commission for Europe Economic Commission for Latin America Economic Commission for Western Asia Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Agencies Related to the U.N.: Food and Agriculture Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and International Bank for Reconstruction International International International International International Trade and Development (World Civil Aviation Organization Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) Fund for Agricultural Development Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) Labor Organization World Intellectual Property Organization World Meteorological Organization International Monetary Fund International Telecommunication Union United Nations Educational, Scientific, Universal Postal Union World Food Council World Health Organization Organization Under the U.N.: International Atomic Energy Agency X" Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00900010006-2 Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion rates, generally reflect information through mid-April 1978, except for population estimates, which have been projected to 1 July 1978. Military manpower estimates are as of 1 July 1978 except for average number of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the 5-year period 1978-82. Military and communications data are as of 30 April 1978 unless otherwise indicated. Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable. Fishing limits are included only when they differ from the territorial limits. For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the two is in the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment. GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus income earned abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries, and the reverse is true in creditor countries. Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other ports of the same country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing accommodations, and commercial or naval importance. Minor ports are the remaining ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower estimated capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less commercial or naval importance. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000 pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for U.S. fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. Approximate Metric Conversions Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol LENGTH in millimeters 0.04 inches in can centimeters 0.4 inches ft m meters 3.3 feet m meters 1.1 yards yd km kilometers 0.6 miles mi AREA cm, square centimeters 0.16 square inches in' m~ square meters 1.2 square yards Y& km' square kilometers 0.4 square miles mP ho hectares (10,000 ml) 2.5 acres MASS (.eight) 9 gram 0.035 ounces oz kg kilograms 2.2 pounds lb tormes (1000 kg) 1.1 short tons VOLUME rat milliliters 0,03 fluid ounces fl oz I liters 2.1 pints pt liters 1.06 qu.,t, at I liters 0.26 gallons gal ra~ cubic motors 35 cubic feet ft, m, cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards yd, in inches 2.5 centimeters cra ft feet 30 centimeters cra yd yards 0.9 meters m mi miles 1.6 kilometers km AREA W square inches 6.5 square centimeters cm, W square feet 0.09 square meters ra~ yd2 square yards 0.8 square meter, mV square miles 2.6 square kilometers kM2 acres 0.4 hectares h. oz ounces 28 grams lb pounds 0.45 kilograms shc,ri tons 0.9 tonnes (2000 lb) - tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml Tlbsp tablespoon, 15 milliliters ral fl oz fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml c cup$ 0.24 liters I pt pints 0.47 liters qt quarts 0.95 liters gal gallons 3.8 liters ft3 cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters yd' cub ters m, Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 AFGHANISTAN Government leaders: President of the Revolutionary Council and Prime Minister Nur Mohammad Taraki; Vice President of the Revolutionary Council and Deputy Prime Minister Babrak Karmal; Minister of Defense Col. Abdul Qader Suffrage: universal from age 18 Political parties and leaders: The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is being formed by the new regime Communists: Khaki, a pro-Moscow party, led by Taraki and Karmal, claims 50,000 members; the Sholaye-Jaweid is a much smaller pro-Peking group Other political or pressure groups: the military supports the government; possible religious or tribal opposition Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $2.4 billion (FY77), $176 per capita; real growth rate about 2.5% (1973-77) Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and occupy nearly 85% of the labor force; main crops-wheat and other grains, cotton, fruits, nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages-wheat, sugar, tea Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 360,000 kW capacity (1977); 585 million kWh produced (1977), 35 kWh per capita Exports: $310 million (f.o.b., FY77); fresh and dried fruits, natural gas, karakul skins, carpets, hides, wool and cotton Imports: $343 million (f.o.b., FY77); non-metallic miner- als, sugar, tires and tubes, textiles, tea, used clothing, tobacco, transportation, and wheat Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., India, U.K., Pakistan, West Germany, Switzerland, U.S.; imports-Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U.K., U.S. Aid: economic-U.S. (FY70-76), $145.0 million commit- ted; U.S.S.R. (1970-76), $569.9 million; Eastern Europe (1970-76), $28 million; China (1970-76), $48.5 million; OPEC (1970-76), $818 million; military-U.S. (FY70-76), $1.4 million; U.S.S.R. (1970-76), $259 million; Eastern Europe (1970-76), $11 million Budget: current expenditures $158 million, capital expenditures $163 million for FY76 Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis=US$1 (official); 47.5 Afghanis=US$1 (March 1977) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line Highways: 20,885 km total (1975); 2,460 km paved, 3,910 km gravel, 8,735 km improved earth, and 5,780 km unimproved earth LAND 647,500 km2; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste, or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 14,381,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: under 10% Labor force: about 5.75 million (FY77 est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 20%-25% commerce, small industry, services; massive shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Afghanistan Type: martial law Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 26 provinces with centrally ap- pointed governors Legal system: not established; legal education at Uni- versity of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: leaders of the Khalk communist party seized power in late April 1978; they are in the process of forming a People's Democratic Party; its central committee will be the highest authority in the state; future government structure is unclear Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: only minor river ports Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 35 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television to be introduced by 1979; 35,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 4.1 million; 2.2 million fit for military service; about 162,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the U.S.S.R. Military budget: estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, about $60.7 million; approximately 8.3% of central government budget ALBANIA RUMANIA YUGOSLAVIA BULG Tirane B ANIA P 1 v. %'%R EEt LAND 28,749 kmz; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,569,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective-Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic; observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics avail- able, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities, 2,600 villages Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu; Chairman Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi (Chief of State) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 October 1974; 99.9% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 101,500 party members (November 1976) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $748 million in 1970 (at 1970 prices), $350 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages-wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1977), 700 kWh per capita 2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ALBANIA/ALGERIA Exports: $746 million (1971-75 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer goods Imports: $1,238 million (1971-75 est.); 1964 trade-50% machinery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks=US$1 (commercial); 12.5 leks=US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, government-owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1977) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 1 major (Durres), 3 minor (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined products, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Civil air: no civil airline DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 824 million leks; 10.7% of total budget ALGERIA LAND 2,460,500 km'; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km PEOPLE Population: 17,639,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective-Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 4.0 million; 50% agriculture, 20% industry, 25% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); at least 20% of urban labor unemployed Organized labor: 25% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 1 November Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature reconvened in March 1977; judiciary Government leader: Houari Boumediene, President of State and President of Council of the Revolution, overthrew elected President Ahmed Ben Bella June 19, 1965 Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 10 December 1976; depart- mental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative elections held 25 February 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN) Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Member of: AFDB, AIOEC , Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $16.2 billion (1977 provisional), $880 per capita; in real terms, 6% growth in 1977 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,690,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 250 kWh per capita Exports: $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 90% hydrocarbons, also wine, citrus fruit, iron ore, vegetables; U.S. took 36% of exports in 1976, supplanting France as Algeria's leading trade partner Imports: $6.9 billion (c.i.f., 1977); major items-capital goods 35%, semi-finished goods 38%, foodstuffs 25%; from France 23%, U.S. 9% Monetary conversion rate: 1 DA=US$0.24 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,950 km total; 2,690 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,140 km 1.055-meter gage, 120 km meter gage (1.000 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km concrete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 3,983 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,398 km Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 182 total, 176 usable; 53 with permanent-sur- face runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 94 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and interna- tional service in the north, sparse in the south; Atlantic Ocean satellite station plus domestic satellite system U/C and partially operative; 266,000 telephones (1.5 per 100 popl.); 18 AM and 40 TV stations; 5 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,740,000; 2,233,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 192,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $385 million; 6% of national budget ANDORRA LAND 466 kmz Land boundaries: 105 kni PEOPLE Population: 29,000 (official estimate for 1 July Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective-Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Language: Catalan, many also Castilian Catholic speak some French and Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds GOVERNMENT Legal name: Valls de'Andorra (Catalan) Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urge], who are represented locally by officials called verguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 6 districts-Andorra la Vella, Saint Julia de Loria, Encamp, Canillo, La Massana, and Ordino Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) consisting of 24 members with one-half elected every 2 years for 4-year term; executive-syndic and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court prosecutors) Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December 1977 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Political parties and leaders: traditionally no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party-Andorran Democratic Associ- ation-formed in November 1976 Communists: negligible ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism, sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Shortages: food Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh produced (1977), 3,448 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 3,900 telephones (14.3 per 100 pop1.) DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed ANGOLA LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm Coastline: 1,600 km PEOPLE Population: Angola (including Cabinda), 6,449,000 (July 1978), does not take into account emigration from Angola, average annual growth rate 2.4% (current); Cabinda, 103,000 (July 1978); average annual growth rate 3.3% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective-Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% European, 1% mestizo Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10-15% Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promulgated 1975; govern- ment formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 16 administrative districts includ- ing the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law National holiday: independence Day, 11 November Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Agostinho Neto, President Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by Agostinho Neto, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgencies Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNICEF, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974 est.), $500 per capita, 6.1% real growth (1970-72); growth probably negative in 1975-77 Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Fishing: catch 183,850 metric tons (1975); exports $53.0 million; imports $5.6 million (1973) Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton; exports down sharply 1975-77 Imports: $614 million (c.i.f., 1974); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77 Major trade partners: Portugal, West Germany, U.S., U.K., Japan; trade with U.S.S.R. and Cuba increasing since independence Aid: military aid from U.S.S.R. and Cuba in 1975 Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,088 km total; 2,778 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased in) Airfields: 574 total, 508 usable; 25 with permanent- surface runways; I with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 88 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair network of open-wire and radio-relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 32,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 24 AM, 12 FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,574,000; 791,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 59,000 ANTIGUA LAND 280 kmz; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 153 km PEOPLE Population: 73,000 (July 1978), average rate 1.3% (7-70 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective-Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant) othe r Protestant sects, and some Roman Catholic , Language: English Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: St. Johns Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Bar- buda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and 5 justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1976 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1976 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 10, PLM 5, independent 1, tie 1. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ANTIGUA/ARGENTINA Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Afro-Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $51 million (1974 est.), $640 per capita; 2.7% real growth Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: oil refining, tourism Shortages: electric power Electric power: 31,200 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 835 kWh per capita Exports: $22 million (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum products, cotton Imports: $54 million (c.i.f., 1975); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 25% U.S., 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $1.5 mil- lion in loans Budget: (projected 1977) revenues, $17 million; expendi- tures, $21 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$l (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. John's), 1 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased out Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 2,745 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 3,500 telephones (4.9 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable ARGENTINA LAND 2,771,300 km2; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf, including sovereignty over superiacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km (See reference -P llll PEOPLE Population: 26,487,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) Labor force: 10 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufac- turing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 4-5% estimated unemployment Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: presidency; legislature; national judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla, Commander in Chief of the Army, chosen by the three-man junta that took power on 24 March 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Government structure: the junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retains supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all but two cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a nine-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peron- ist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, 1110, ILO, IMCO, IMF, tOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commis- sion, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $48 billion (1977), $1,870 per capita; 18% government consumption, 62% private consumption, 22% investment, -2% net foreign demand (1975); real growth rate 1977, 4.4% GDP Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 350,000 metric tons (1976 est.); exports $42 million (1976 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpack- ing), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing and metall urgy Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $1 billion in loans, $17.9 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.4 billion; from other Western countries (1960-66), $315.5 million; from Communist countries (1954-76), $513 million ($89 million drawn); military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-76), $265 million Budget: (1978) 8,000 billion pesos=$11 billion at ex- change rate of March 1978 Monetary conversion 1978) Fiscal year: calendar COMMUNICATIONS rate: 700 pesos=US$1 (March Railroads: 39,738 km total; 3,086 km standard gage (1.435 m), 22,788 km broad gage (1.676 m), 13,461 km meter gage (1.000 m), 403 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 219,700 km total, of which 43,050 km paved, 76,800 km gravel, 85,950 km improved earth, 13,900 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,172 km natural gas Civil air: 43 major transport aircraft, includes 2 leased in Airfields: 2,388 total, 2,151 usable; 90 with permanent- surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 315 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive modern system; tele- phone network has 2.54 million sets (9.8 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used, 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas; 160 AM, 12 FM, and 64 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,535,000; 5,299,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 226,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1,742.2 million; about 15% of total central government budget AUSTRALIA LAND Crude steel: 2.7 million metric tons produced (1977), 90 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% kg per capita other Electric power: 9.16 million kW capacity (1977); 27 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,030 kWh per capita Exports: $5.6 billion (f.o.b., 1977); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $4.0 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1976): exports-10% Italy, 6% U.S.S.R., 9% Netherlands, 11% Brazil, 7% U.S.; imports- 18% U.S., 8% Japan, 11% FRG, 12% Brazil WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km PEOPLE Population: 14,227,000 (July growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective-Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine 8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 6 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other; 6% unemployment Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Austra- lian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 26 January Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir Zelman Cowen; Prime Minister John Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1977 Political parties and leaders: Government-Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (William J. Hayden) Voting strength (1977 Parliamentary election): lower house: Liberal-Country Coalition, 86 seats; Labour Party, 38 seats; Senate: Liberal Country Coalition, 35 seats; Labour, 26 seats; Democrats, 2 seats; Independents, 1 seat Communists: 3,900 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $95.2 billion (1977), $6,830 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current expenditure, 24% investment (1975); 2% real average annual growth (1975-77) Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products- wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 103,281 metric tons (1975); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 7.8 million metric tons produced (FY76), 570 kg per capita Electric power: 22,457,000 kW capacity (1977); 84.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,000 kWh per capita Exports: $12.9 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal products (1977)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 13% wool, 12% coal Imports: $11.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal products (1977)-41% manufactured raw materials, 28% capital equipment, 25% consumer goods Major trade partners: (1977) exports-34% Japan, 9% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 4% U.K.; imports-21% U.S., 11% U.K., 21% Japan Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $2.3 billion (FY65-75); $430 million (FY75), 55% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$26.7 billion; receipts A$24.4 billion (FY78) Monetary conversion rate: 0.88 Australian dollar=US$1 (A$1=US$1.14), January 1978 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 40,636 km total; 9,197 km 1.60-meter gage, 13,394 km standard gage (1.435 m), 18,045 km 1.067-meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); government-owned (except for few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 837,866 km total (1976); 207,644 km paved, 205,454 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 424,768 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow- draft craft Freight carried: rail-154.4 million metric tons Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: around 120 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,634 total, 1,566 usable; 198 with permanent- surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 19 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 642 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: very good international and do- mestic service; 5.5 (39.5 per 100 popl.) million telephones; 204 AM stations, 5 FM stations, 112 TV stations and 66 repeaters; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,551,000; 3,142,000 fit for military service; 130,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $2,577,300,000; about 8.8% of total central government budget FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY CZFCHOSLBVAKIA r Vienna AUSTRIA LAND 83,916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,517,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.0% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective-Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,784,635 (1977); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communi- cations, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number more than 200,000 (1972); unemployment 1.2% (September 1977) Organized labor: about two-thirds of wage and salary workers (1971) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal educa- tion at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 26 October Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected Presi- dent whose functions are largely representational, independ- ent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; tial elections Elections: presidential, every parliamentary, every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Josef Taus, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Friedrich Peter, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1975 election): 50.6% SPOe, 42.7% OeVP, 5.3% FPOe, 1.2% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian Peoples Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrial- ists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG 10 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ECONOMY GNP: $47.8 billion (1977), $6,350 per capita; 59.2% consumption, 28.1% investment, 11.3% government, 3.5% stock building; -2.1% net foreign balance (1976 in 1964 prices); 1977 real GNP growth rate, 3.5% Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Crude steel: 4.5 million metric tons produced (1976), 600 kg per capita (1976) Electric power: 11.5 million kW capacity (1977); 38.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 5,100 kWh per capita Exports: $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977 est.); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals Imports: $14.2 billion (c.i.f., 1977 est.); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1977 est.) 34.6% West Germany, 8.6% Italy, 8.1% Switzerland, 4.8% U.K., 3.7% France, 57.9% EC; 12.5% EFTA; 10.9% Communist countries Aid: bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $364 million (1970-76) Budget: expenditures, $14.6 billion; revenues, $11.9 billion; deficit, $2.8 billion (1977 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 16.53 shillings=US$1, 1977 average Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km total; 5.877 km government-owned; 5,397 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 2,730 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gage (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.000-meter gage) Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km commu- nal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft, includes 1 leased in Airfields: 51 total, 50 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 90 AM, 94 FM, and 350 TV stations; 1 Comsat station U/C; 2.28 million telephones (29.9 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,766,000; 1,495,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 62,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $693.5 million; about 4.0% of the federal budget THE BAHAMAS UNITED STATES LAND 11,396 km2; 1% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Is. 76 km) PEOPLE Population: 226,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Bahamian (sing., pl.); adjective- Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 84,228 (1976), 25% organized; 25% unem- ployment (1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BAHAMAS THE Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Legal system: based on English law National holiday: Independence Day, 10 July Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (July 1977) 73,309 Elections: House of Assembly (19 July 1977); next election due constitutionally in 5 years Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Bahamian Democratic Party (BDP), Henry Bostwick; Free National Movement (FNM), Cecil Wallace-Whitfield Voting strength (1977 election): PLP (55%) 30 seats, BDP (27%) 6 seats, FNM (15%) 2 seats, others (3%) 0 seats Communists: none known Member of: CDB, G-77, IBRD, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, U.N., WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $698 million (at market prices, 1976), $3,390 per capita; real growth rate 1976, 4.8% Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production, rum Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1977); 680 million kWh produced (1977), 3,320 kWh per capita Exports: $2.6 billion (f.o.b.,1976); fuel oil, pharmaceuti- cals, cement, rum Imports: $2.9 billion (c.i.f., 1976); crude oil, foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 86%, U.K. 2%, Canada 2%; imports-U.S. 24%, Libya 20%, Nigeria 16% (1973) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY56-76), $0.3 million in grants; from international organizations (FY71-76), $12 million Budget: (1977) revenues, $152 million; recurrent expendi- tures, $168 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1)=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,100 km total; 850 km paved, 1,250 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased in) Airfields: 54 total, 51 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 58,000 telephones (27.5 per 100 popl.) in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 3 AM, 2 FM stations and 1 TV station; 3 coaxial submarine cables BAHRAIN LAND 596 km2 plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 284,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.5% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective-Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other; native Bahrainis are a minority Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% (1970) Labor force: 78,507 (1976) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 National holiday: 16 December Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BAHRAIN/ BANGLADESH Branches: Amir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a National Assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Amir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the assembly Government leader: Amir `Isa ibn Salman Al-Khalifah Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant pressure groups although numer- ous small clandestine groups are active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), WHO IBRD, ICAO, IMF, NAM, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, Telecommunications: excellent international telecom- munications; limited domestic services; 31,000 telephones (11.6 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 TV station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter and microwave to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 64,000; fit for service, 37,000 Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 1978; $42.8 million, 6% of total budget ECONOMY GNP: $600 million (1976 est.), annual growth rate 4.1% (1975-85 projected average), $2,480 per capita, dominated by oil industry; 1977 average daily crude oil production, 56,000 bbls (oil expected to last 15 years if no new discoveries are made); 1975 nonassociated natural gas production, 102 billion ft2; government oil revenues for 1976 are estimated at $395.7 million Agriculture: produces dates, self-sufficient vegetables; edairy and poultry farming; fishing; not Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelt- ing, boatbuilding, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmaking on a small scale; major development projects include flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock to be9 built 2 y billion (1977); Electric power: 550,000 kW capacity kWh produced (1977), 7,520 kWh per capita Exports: $1,346 million (f.o.b., 1976); non-oil exports (including reexports), $428.7 million (1977 projected); oil exports, $1,000 million (1976) Imports: $1,668 million (c.i.f., 1976) Major trade partners: Saudi Arabia, U.K., U S., Japan, EC Aid: received $110 million in bilateral commitments and committed itself $8.5 million to multilateral agencies in CY74 Budget: (1976) $489 million, 72% of revenues from oil Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar=US$2.52 (since January 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 93 km bituminous surfaced; undetermined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in and 1 leased out (all registered in Oman) Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; I with permanent-surface runway 1,220- 2,439 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2,439 m; 1 seaplane station BANGLADESH LAND 142,500 km2; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; fishing 200 nm Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE 1978), annual Population: 85,771,000 (July , growth rate 2.7% (current) djective-Bangla Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); a desk Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than 1 million "Biharis" and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: about 25% Labor force: over 26 million; extensive underemploy- ment; over 80% of labor force is in agriculture Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BANGLADESH/BARBADOS GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Gov- ernment of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; country currently governed by a military president who is also chief martial law administrator and his council of civilian advisers Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian presidential system, changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic character of nation National holiday: Independence Day, 26 March Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legisla- hrre, strong president; controlled judiciary; parliament dissolved by current regime Government leader: President Ziaur Rahman Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: First Parliament (House of the Nation) elected in March 1973; elections every 5 years; Government is expected to lift ban on political activity before presidential election in early June; a separate parliamentary election is planned for November 1978; current President given mandate to continue his rule in nationwide referendum held in May 1977 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: 15 political parties legalized by government as of October 1976, student groups, bands of former guerrillas Member of: ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organi- zation, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ILO, NAM, U. [V., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $6.5 billion est. (FY77, current prices), $78 per capita; real growth, 2.6% (FY77), 9.2% (FY76) Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages-grain, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 640,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 915,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $474 million (FY77); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $860 million (FY77); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 17%, U.K. 7.4%; imports-U S 28 5% . . . , Canada 9.7% (FY76) Budget: (FY76) domestic revenues, $692 million; expend- itures, $1,489 million Monetary conversion rate: 14.26 taka=US$1 (January 1978) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,470 km total; 2,483 km meter gage (1.000 m), 953 km broad gage (1.676 m), 35 km narrow gage (0.762 m), 290 km double track; government-owned Highways: 44,930 km total; 4,044 km paved, 2,022 kin gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: I major; 5 minor Pipelines: 150 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 24 total, 16 usable; 18 with permanent surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate international radiocom- munications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 100,000 (est. ) telephones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 8 AM, I FM, 3 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 18,237,000; 10,498,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $152.0 million; about 9.4% of the central government budget BARBADOS LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built on, waste, other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BARBADOS /BELGIUM WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 97 km PEOPLE Population: 258,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.5% (1-76 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s);, adjective-Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican (70%), Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 97,000 (1973 est.) unemployment 20-25% (1976) Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Common- wealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes and city of Bridgetown Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member pointed Senate and a 24-member elected House Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister J. M. Adams Suffrage: universal over age 18 ap- of Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 2 September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Barbados Labor (BLP), J. M. G. "Tom" Adams; Democratic Labor (DLP), Errol Barrow Voting strength (1976 election): Barbados Labor Party Party (BLP), 53%; Democratic Labor Party, 46%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats-BLP 17, DLP 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black-nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $396 million (1976), $1,370 per capita; real growth rate 1976, 6.2% Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, light manu- facturing Electric power: 107,000 kW capacity (1977); 220 million kWh produced (1977), 920 kWh per capita Exports: $208 million (f.o.b., 1976); sugar and byproducts, clothing Imports: $275 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, machinery, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-28% U.K., 14% U.S., 28% CARIFTA, 30% other; imports-25% U.K., 21% U.S., 11% Canada, 13% CARIFTA, 30% other (1973) Aid: economic-authorization from U.S. (FY67-76), $1.4 million; from international organizations (FY63-76), $31.9 million Budget: (1976) revenues, $152 million; expenditures, $191 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,370 km total; 1,290 km paved, and 80 km gravel, and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 44,000 telephones (17.8 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 58,000; 42,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 3,000; no conscription BELGIUM LAND 30,562 km2; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 1,377 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 64 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 9,835,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.04 million; approximately 95% is found in the following sectors: 32% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, banking, and insurance, 8% construction, 7.5% transportation and communication, 3.4% agriculture, for- estry, and fishing, 1.2% mining, 0.8% public utilities and sanitary services (1972); 9.7% of insured workers and 7.2% of the total work force unemployed, March 1978 Organized labor: 48% of labor force (1969) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 21 July Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Baudouin; Prime Minister Leo Tindemans Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held 17 April 1977 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Georges Gramme and Wilfred Martens, co-presidents; Socialist, Andre Cools and Karl Van Miert, co-presidents; Liberal, Pierre Dechamps, national president; Brussels Liberal, Basile Risopoulos, party president; Francophone Democratic Front, Andre Lagasse, party president; Walloon Rally, Paul-Henri Gendebien, party president; Volksunie (Flemish nationalist), Hugo Schiltz, party president; Communist, Louis Van Gent, president of political bureau Voting strength (1977 election): 80 seats Social Christian, 62 seats Socialist, 31 seats Liberal, 20 seats Volksunie, 10 seats Francophone Democratic Front, 5 seats Walloon Rally, 2 seats Brussels Liberal, 2 seats Communist Communists: 10,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufac- turers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; two major organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $75 billion (1977), $7,642 per capita; 59% consumption, 23.8% investment, 14.9% government, 2.2% stock building, 0.4% net foreign balance (1975); 2.9% real growth rate in 1976 Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops-grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: exports $37 million (1975), imports $178 million (1975) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Crude steel: 12.1 million metric tons produced; 1,240 kg per capita (1976) Electric power: 11,451,000 kW capacity (1977); 48 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,885 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $37.0 billion (f.o.b., 1976); iron and steel products, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $39.3 billion (c.i.f., 1976); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1976) 71% EC (21.5% West Germany, 16.9% France, 15.6% Netherlands, 9.1% U.K., 4.0% Italy), 6.3% U.S. Aid: bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $1,580 million (1970-76) Budget: (1976) revenues, $20.3 billion; expenditures, $24.3 billion; deficit, $3.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: (1977 average) Belgian Franc 36.36=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,394 km total; 4,117 km standard gage (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double track, 1,224 km electrified; 277 km privately owned, electrified meter gage (1.000 m) Highways: 104,607 km total; 1,046 km paved, limited access, divided autoroute; 51,780 km other paved; 51,781 km unpaved Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 965 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 56 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in and 8 leased out) Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and interna- tional telephone and telegraph facilities; 2.95 million telephones (30.0 per 100 pop,.); 14 AM, 21 FM, and 25 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,243,000; 1,803,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 76,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $2.3 billion; about 7% of proposed central government budget BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 km2; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 152,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective-Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerin- dian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Men- nonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufactur- ing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although country remains a British colony Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected member- ship); cabinet; judiciary Government leader: Premier George Price Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: must be held within 5 years of last elections held in October 1974 Political parties and leaders: (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a 17 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson, the People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean Lindo, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Lawrence; Corozal United Front (CUF), San- tiago Ricalde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 seats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $96 million (1975), $749 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 36% domestic investment, -31% net foreign balance (1968); 3.5% real growth rate (1971) Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, citrus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum, soap Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1977); 32 million kWh produced (1977), 215 kWh per capita Exports: $73 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, molasses, clothing, lumber, citrus fruits, fish Imports: $86 million (c.i.f., 1975); vehicles, building materials, petroleum, food, textiles, machinery Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports-U.S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-76), $7.6 mil- lion in grants; from international organizations (1946-76), $2.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,450 km total; 300 km paved, 900 km gravel, 950 km improved earth and 300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 37 total, 37 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 5,600 telephones in automatic and manual network (4.3 per 100 popl.); radio-relay system; 6 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 32,000; 19,000 fit for military service; 1,700 reach military age (18) annually BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 kmz; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 urn mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,376,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-70 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing. & pl.); adjective- Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, Language: French official; common vernaculars in south, languages in north Literacy: about 20% Fon and Yoruba at least 6 major most tribal Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972 Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts 18 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: National Revolutionary Council, Council of Ministers, Central Committee of Party Government leader: Lt. Col. Mathieu Kerekou, President, and Chief of State, Charged with National Defense Suffrage: suspended Elections: current government has held no elections and none are scheduled Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism-Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $660 million (1977 est.), $200 per capita; no real growth during 1970-1974 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 21,415 metric tons (1976); exports 600 metric tons, imports 8,875 metric tons (1975) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1977); 55 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $106 million (f.o.b., 1977); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $264 million (c.i.f., 1977); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machin- ery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferen- tial tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic (through FY75)-EC, $67.1 million; U.N., $12.5 million; other international organizations, $36.2 million; Taiwan, $1 million; U.S. (FY46-76), $18.1 million; China, $44 million extended (1972) Budget: 1977 est.-receipts $110 million, expenditures $109 million Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 579 km, all meter gage Highways: 3,303 km total; 705 km improved earth (1.00 m) paved, 2,598 km Inland waterways: 645 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 9,900 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 752,000; 377,000 fit for military service; about 33,000 males and 32,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service Supply: dependent on France and Guinea; aid from North Korea and PRC is pending Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $7.4 million; about 11% of central government budget BERMUDA LAND 54.4 kmz; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 103 km PEOPLE Population: 57,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Bermudan(s); adjective-Bermudan Ethnic divisions: approximately 63% African, 37% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Protes- tant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English Literacy: virtually 100% Labor force: 25,200 (1975) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly Government leaders: Governor, Sir Peter Ramsbotham; Premier, J. David Gibbons Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, May 1976 Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), J. David Gibbons; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne Evans Voting strength (1976 elections): UBP 55.5%, PLP 44.4%; House of Assembly seats-UBP 26%, PLP 14% Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) ECONOMY GNP: $300-$350 million (at $5,000-$6,000 per capita Agriculture: main products-bananas, lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,200 kW capacity (1977); 300 kWh produced (1977), 5,260 kWh per capita Exports: $34 million (f.o.b., 1975); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $162 million (f.o.b., 1975); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 45% U.S., 22% U.K., 9% Canada (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$1 Fiscal year: I April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 190 km, all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland island) Civil air: 3 major Airfields: 1 with concrete runway 2,960 m; I seaplane station Telecommunications: modern fully automatic telephone system 100 popl.); 3 AM, 1 FM, and submarine cables telecom system, includes with 38,600 sets (66.6 per 2 TV stations; 3 coaxial LAND 46,600 km2; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE Population: 1,262,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: Bhutanese BHUTAN (sing., pl.); adjective- Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic influenced Hinduism Buddhism, 25% Buddhist- Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% massive lack of skilled labor language; agriculture, 1% industry; GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 17 December Branches: appointed Minister and Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representa- tives, and all district and senior government administrators 20 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Government leader: King Jigme Singhi Wangchuk Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, NAM, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $90 million (1976); $70 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1977); 8 million kWh produced (1977), 10 kWh per capita Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts Imports: about $1.4 million annually Major trading partner: India Aid: economic-India (FY61-72), $180 million Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 8.77 ngultrums=8.77 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1975 Fiscal year. 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 asphalt runway 1,372 m, and 1 with concrete runway 899 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,000 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 293,000; 155,000 fit for military service; about 13,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India LAND 1,098,160 km2; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km PEOPLE Population: 5,081,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) 1?E hlJ -RAI Pacific Ocean Nationality: noun-Bolivian(s); adjective-Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Protes- tant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.8 million (1977); 70% agriculture, 3% mining, 10% services and utilities, 7% manufacturing, 10% other Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in min- ing, industry, construction, and transportation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; de facto military dictatorship government Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August Branches: executive; congress of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies), congress disbanded after 26 September 1969 ouster of President Siles; judiciary Government leaders: President Maj. Gen. Hugo Banzer Suarez Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential and congressional elections sched- uled for 9 July 1978, Bolivia's first elections in 12 years; President Banzer would like to postpone them but the military seems to favor proceeding with the electoral process Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Political parties and leaders: ban on political parties was lifted in December 1977, but party activity is disorganized so far; the two traditional political parties in Bolivia are the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and the Boliv- ian Socialist Phalange (FSB), both are seriously factionalized; Bolivian Socialist Falange; (Mario Gutierrez); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People (Jaime Arellano); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of Left (Hernan Siles Zuazo); Authentic Revolutionary Party (Walter Guevara Arce); Christian Democratic Party (Benjamin Miguel); Nationalist Revolutionary Party of Left (Juan Lachin Oquendo); Paz Estenssorista MNR (Leonidas Sanchez) Voting strength (1966 elections): Frente de la Revolucion Boliviana (a coalition composed of the MPC, PIR, PRA, PSD, and two interest groups, the campesinos and Chaco War Veterans) 61%, FSB 12%, MNR 10%, of her 17% Communists: three parties; PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, G-77, IAEA, IADB, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Re- gional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.5 billion (1977, in 1977 dollars), $600 per capita; 69% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 20% gross domestic investment, -6% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate (1972-76), average 6.4%; 1976 growth, 6.0% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of wheat; caloric intake, 70% of requirements (1976) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 367,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 277 kWh per capita Exports: $640 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton, natural gas Imports: $670 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports-Western Europe, 19% (of which UK is largest market); Latin America, 38%; U.S., 30%; Japan, 3.9%; imports-U.S., 24%; Western Europe, 15.4% (of which West Germany is largest supplier); Japan, 15.7%; Latin America, 33.6% (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $335 million in loans, $342 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $372 million; from other Western countries (1960-75), $53.8 million; Communist countries (1970-74), $59.7 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY52-76), $70 million Budget: $474 million revenues, $583 million expenditures (1978) Monetary conversion rate: 20 pesos=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,572 km total, goverment owned, single track; 3,540 km meter gage (1.000 m), 32 km 0.760-meter gage; in addition, 96 km meter gage (1.000 m) privately owned Highways: 37,300 km total; 1,150 km paved, 6,550 km gravel, 5,950 km improved earth, 23,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 38 major transport aircraft Airfields: 576 total, 536 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 128 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: radio-relay system from La Paz-to Santa Cruz; improved international services; 55,000 tele- phones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 122 AM, 18 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, for military service; average number (19) annually about 60,000 1,319,000; 834,000 fit reaching military age Military budget: proposed for fiscal year December 1978, $90.2 million; about 13.2% government budget LAND 569,800 km'; about 6% cultivation, mostly desert Land boundaries: 3,774 ending 31 of central PEOPLE Population: 750,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Botswana adjective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% pean Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Africans speak Tswana vernacular Literacy: about 22% in English; about 32% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school graduates 22 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ocean Labor force: 385,000; most are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; about 51,000 in internal cash economy, another 60,000 spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1971) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a total membership of approximately 9,000 (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland (2' years) and University of Edinburgh (2 years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 September Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the cabinet which is responsible to Legislative Assembly; legislative-Legislative Assembly with 32 popu- larly elected members and 4 members elected by the 32 representatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only; judicial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: President Seretse Khama Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 26 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Seretse Khama; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma; Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP), Philip Matante; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho Voting strength: (October 1974 election) BDP (27 seats); BPP (2 seats); BNF (2 seats); BIP (1 seat) Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU, W M0 ECONOMY GDP: $300 million (1975 est.), growth in constant prices, less than 5% in 1977 Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of dia- monds, copper, nickel, and coal Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 85 million kWh produced (1977), 120 kWh per capita Exports: $176 million (1976); cattle, animal products, minerals Imports: $209 million (1976); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: South Africa and U.K. Budget: (1977) revenue $107 million ($78 million from domestic taxes and $29 million from borrowing and foreign aid), current expenditures $70 million, investment expendi- tures $44 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 pula=about US$1.20 as of October 1977 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 691 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 10,219 km total; 438 km paved; 1,426 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,318 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 83 total, 59 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combina- tion of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; Gaborone is the center; 7,900 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 173,000; 87,000 fit for military service; 8,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 8,521,100 km2; 4% cultivated, 13% pasture, 23% built-on area, waste, and other, 60% forested Land boundaries: 13,076 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 7,491 km PEOPLE Population: 115,415,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Brazilian(s); adjective-Brazilian Ethnic divisions: 60% white, 30% mixed, 8% Negro, and 2% Indian (1960 est.) Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal) Language: Portuguese Literacy: 83% of the population 15 years or older (1978) Labor force: about 30 million in 1970 (est.); 44.2% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing, 17.8% industry, 15.3% services, transportation, and communication, 8.9% commerce, 4.8% social activities, 3.9% public administration, 5.1% other Organized labor: about 50% of labor force; only about 1.5 million pay dues GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential re- gime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: 21 states, 4 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court Government leader: President Ernesto Geisel Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except illiterates and those stripped of their political rights; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970 Elections: President Geisel's successor will be chosen by a 505-member electoral college, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected from the state legislatures, on 15 January 1979, taking office 15 March 1979 Voting strength: (November 1974 congressional elections) 33.6% ARENA, 31.9% MDB, 35.5% blank and void Political parties and leaders: National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), pro-government Francelino Pereira, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), opposition, Ulisses Guimaraes, president Communists: 6,000, 1,000 militants Other political or pressure groups: excepting the military, the Catholic Church is the only active nationwide pressure group, however, divisions within the Church often prevent it from speaking with one voice; labor and student groups have more vocal in recent months Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $163 billion (est. 1977 in 1977 prices), $1,430 per capita; 25% gross investment, 80% consumption, -5% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate 4.78% (1977) Agriculture: main products-coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, soybeans; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1962) Fishing: catch 674,500 metric tons (1975); exports, $46.6 million (f.o.b. 1974), imports, $57.8 million (f.o.b. 1974) Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking industries Crude steel: 12.0 million metric tons capacity (1977 est.); 11.2 million metric tons produced (1977); 80 kg per capita Electric power: 24,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 85 billion kWh produced (1977), 750 kWh per capita Exports: $12,139 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, manufac- tures, iron ore, cotton, soybeans, sugar, wood, cocoa, beef, shoes Imports: $11,999 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, chemi- cals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, wheat, copper, aluminum Major trade partners: exports-16% U.S., 6% Japan, 9% West Germany, 7% Netherlands, 4% Italy, 4% U.K.; imports-25% U.S., 9% West Germany, 8% Japan, 3% Italy, 3% U.K. (1976) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), loans $1.7 billion, grants $690 million; from international organi- zations (FY46-75), $4.1 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $617.0 million; from Communist countries (1959-76), $499 million; drawings (1959-76), $160 million 24 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Budget: (1977) revenues $17.2 billion, expenditures $17.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 16.50 cruzeiros=US$1 (Feb- ruary 1978, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 30,300 km total; 26,543 km meter gage (1.000 m), 3,361 km 1.60-meter gage, 194 km standard gage (1.435 m), 202 km 0.76-meter gage; 2,249 km electrified Highways: 1,489,000 km total; 71,200 km paved, 1,417,800 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Ports: 8 major, 23 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 km; refined products, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 144 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased Airfields: 4,306 total, 4,059 usable; 157 with permanent- surface runways; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 499 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 18 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fair telecom system; good radio relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station with 2 antennas; 3 domestic satellite stations; 3.99 million tele- phones (3.5 per 100 popl.); 1,100 AM stations, 150 FM, and 175 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 25,499,000; 14,605,000 fit for military service; 1,281,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $2,153 million; 8.6% of central government budget LAND 5,776 km2; 3% cultivated; 22% industry, waste, urban or other; 75% forested Land boundaries: 381 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 177,000 official estimate for 1 July 1976 Nationality: noun-Bruneian(s); adjective-Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 52% Malays, 28% Chinese, 15% indigenous tribes, 5% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chinese Literacy: 45% Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 33.8% trade, transport, services; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Brunei Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promul- gated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches: Chief of State is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections-March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, Chairman A. M. N. Azahari Communists: information not available ECONOMY GNP: $460 million (1975 est.), $2,970 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rubber, rice, pepper, must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas Electric power: 84,000 kW capacity (1977); 230 million kWh produced (1977), 1,300 kWh per capita Exports: $1,000 million (f.o.b., 1975); 95% crude petro- leum and liquefied natural gas Imports: $200 million (c.i.f., 1975); 25% machinery and transport equipment, 46% manufactured goods, 16% food Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, U.S. 24%, U.K. 15%, Singapore 9% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Budget: (1976) revenues $640 million, expenditures $250 million, surplus $390 million; 20% defense Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 Brunei dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.6 km narrow gage (0.610 m) Highways: 1,206 km total; 376 km paved (bituminous treated), 402 km gravel or stone, 428 km unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait) Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 56 km; natural gas, 56 km; crude oil and natural gas, 241 km under construction Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: service throughout country is ade- quate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 11,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM stations and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 38,000; 23,000 fit for military service; about 1,800 reach military age (18) annually BULGARIA LAND 111,852 km2; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 1,883 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 354 km PEOPLE Population: 8,848,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Bulgarian(s); adjective-Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian- Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely corre- spond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: 95% (est.) Labor force: 5.0 million (1974); 32% agriculture, 33% industry, 35% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofia Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 September Branches: legislative, National Assembly; judiciary, Coun- cil of Ministers Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (President and chief of state); Stanko Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: theoretically held every 5 years for National Assembly; last elections held on 20 May 1976; 99.85% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary of Permanent Board Communists: 817,000 party members (January 1978) Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Commit- tee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship 26 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BULGARIA/BURMA Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, Interna- tional Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, Warsaw Pact, International Organiza- tion of Journalists, International Medical Association, Inter- national Radio and Television Organization ECONOMY GNP: $20.9 billion, 1977 (at 1976 dollars), $2,373 per capita; 1977 real growth rate, 0.4% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops-grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1969/70) Fishing: catch 160,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: agricultural processing, machinery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber Shortages: some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products; fodder Crude steel: 2.6 million metric tons produced (1977), 292 kg per capita Electric power: 7,300,000 kW capacity (1977); 29.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 3,355 kWh per capita Exports: $6,330 million (f.o.b., 1977); 46% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 15% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 2% agricultural raw materials; 29% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 10% industrial consumer goods (1977) Imports: $6,346 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 39% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 45% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 7% agricul- tural raw materials; 4% foodstuffs and animals; 5% industrial consumer goods (1977) Major trade partners: $12,676 million in 1977; 20% with non-Communist countries, 56% with U.S.S.R., 24% with other Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 0.948 leva=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June NOTE: Foreign trade figures were converted at the 1977 rate of 0.948 leva=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,314 km total; about 4,069 km standard gage (1.435 m), 245 km narrow gage; 299 km double track; 1,446 km electrified; government-owned (1976) Highways: 31,454 km total; 6,683 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 6,088 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 18,683 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 471 km (1978) Freight carried: rail-75.2 million metric tons, 17.1 billion metric ton/km (1977); highway-319 million metric tons, 6.7 billion metric ton/km (1977); waterway-4.4 million metric tons, 2.4 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) in approximately 214 waterway craft with 227,000 metric ton capacity (1976) Ports: 3 major (Varna, Varna West, Burgas), 4 minor (1977) LAND 678,600 km2; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969) Land boundaries: 5,850 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 3,060 km PEOPLE Population: 32,205,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Burman(s); adjective-Burmese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 3% Indian, 6% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 70% (official claim) Labor force: 12.2 million (1976); 67% agriculture, 13% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation Organized labor: no figure available; old labor organiza- tions have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under 1974 constitution Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 South China Sea Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions and seven constitu- ent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards Legal system: People's Justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 January Branches: State Council rules through a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power Government leader: Chairman of State Council and President, Gen. U. Ne Win Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: People's Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1978 Political parties and leaders: government-sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party Communists: estimated 5,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: People's Patriotic Party; Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.7 billion (FY77, in current prices), $117 per capita; real growth rate 6% (FY77); 3.9% over past decade Agriculture: accounts for nearly 70% of total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops-paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 500,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining Electric power: 450,000 kW capacity (1977); 890 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $218 million (f.o.b., 1978); rice, teak Imports: $174 million (c.i.f., 1978); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, other manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-India, Western Europe, China, U.K., Japan; imports-Japan, Western Europe, India, U.K. Budget: (FY78) $2.765 billion revenues; $2.975 billion expenditures; $210 million deficit; 30% military, 70% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 7.3194 kyat=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,285 km total; 3,172 km meter gage (1.00 m), 113 km narrow-gage industrial lines; 328 km double track; government-owned Highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: about 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 78 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: provide minimum requirements for local intercity service; international service is fair; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 31,400 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978; $148.9 million, 5% of central government budget BURUNDI LAND 28,490 km2; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other Land boundaries: 974 km PEOPLE Population: 4,212,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Burundian(s); adjective-Burundian Ethnic divisions: Africans-85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); other Africans include perhaps 50,000 Zairians and 40,000 Rwandans; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 1,000 South Asians Religion: about 60% Christian (53% Catholic, 7% Protestant); rest mostly animist plus perhaps 2% Muslims Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BURUNDI/CAMBODIA Language: Kirundi and French official plus Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: about 15% in Kirundi, 3% in French, no serviceable estimate for Kiswahili Labor force: about 2 million (1976 est.) Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unobtainable GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; military government overthrown by military coup, November 1976; constitution abolished Capital: Bujumbura Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes; Bujumbura city (popula- tion est. 160,000) has status equal to a province Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: Supreme Revolutionary Council is governing body Government leader: Col. Jean Bagaza, Chairman of Supreme Revolutionary Council, established November 1976 Elections: last legislative election May 1965; legislature dissolved in 1966 Political parties and leaders: National Paity of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966 Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; U.S.S.R., North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions in Burundi Member of: AFDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: about $450 million (1976), $120 per capita; 2% real growth (1970-74); real GDP growth in 1976, 7% Agriculture: major cash crops-coffee, cotton, tea; main food crops-manioc, yams, corn, sorghums, bananas, haricot beans; marginally self-sufficient Industries: light consumer goods such as beverages, blankets, shoes, soap, assembly of imports Electric power: 7,500 kW capacity (diesel generator 1977); 25 million kWh produced (1977), 6 kWh per capita Exports: $125 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); coffee (90%), tea, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $75 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.S., EEC countries Aid: $40 million all donors (1975 est.), major donors EC, IBRD/IDA, U.N. Budget: FY77-revenue $47 million, current expenditure $48 million Monetary (official) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 7,800 km total; 300 km bituminous, 2,500 km crushed stone, gravel, or laterite, and 3,000 km improved earth, and 2,000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges, 1 minor lake port Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 12 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: telegraph is principal service, limited telephones; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 907,000; 470,000 fit for military service; 45,000 reach military age (16) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $11,200,000; about 17% of central government budget LAND 181,300 km'; 16% cultivated, 74% forested, 10% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 2,438 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: about 443 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 8,148,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Cambodian(s) or Khmer (sing., pl.); adjective-Cambodian or Khmer Ethnic divisions: 90% Khmer 5% other minorities Religion: 95% Theravada Language: Cambodian GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Type: Communist state Capital: Phnom Penh Political subdivisions: 19 or 20 provinces Legal system: Tribunal Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly National holiday: 17 April Branches: State Presidium, composed of chairman and two vice chairmen; cabinet, totally Communist; 250-mem- ber People's Representative Assembly elected 20 March 1976 for 5-year term; ten-member Assembly Standing Committee Government leader: Presidium Chairman, Khieu Sam- phan; Prime Minister, Pol Pot; Deputy Prime Ministers, leng Sary, Vorn Vet, Son Sen; Assembly Standing Committee Chairman, Nuon Chea Suffrage: universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: political life dominated by Khmer Communist Party Member of: Colombo Plan G-77, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: less than $500 million (1971), probably less than $70 per capita (1976) Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber planta- tions; main crops-rice, rubber, corn; food shortages-rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products Shortages: fossil fuels Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1977); 260 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: probably less than $1 million est. (1977); rubber, rice Imports: probably less than $20 million (1976); food, fuel, machinery Major trade partners: exports-China, Thailand; im- ports-China, North Korea Aid: commitments (1970-76): U.S. economic, $652 mil- lion; military, $1,260 million; Western (except U.S.), $10.8 million; Eastern Europe, $17 million; U.S.S.R., $25 million; China, $90 million; military-U.S., $1,334 million (FY46-76) Budget: no budget data available since Communists took over government Monetary conversion rate: Khmer Rouge government COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 612 km ment-owned Highways: 13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous, 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Ports: 2 major, 5 minor Airfields: 60 total, 25 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,831,000; 1,017,000 fit for military service; 82,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 475,400 km2; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other Land boundaries: 4,554 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 18 nm Coastline: 402 km PEOPLE Population: 8,008,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) 30 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CAMEROON/CANADA Nationality: noun-Cameroonian(s); adjective-Came- roonian Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; rest Muslim Language: English and French official, 24 major African language groups Literacy: South 40%, North 10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Type: unitary republic; one-party Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: t Cameroon presidential regime 7 provinces divided into 39 Fishing: imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975) Major industries: small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills 347 Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1977); 1,347 million kWh produced (1977), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $615 million (f.o.b., FY77); cocoa and coffee about 60%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $658 million (c.i.f., FY77); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 5% of total trade with U.S. Budget: FY78 budget est. balanced at $560 million Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,003 km total; 858 km meter gage (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: approximately 29,866 km total; including 2,155 km bituminous, 27,711 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 2,090 km Ports: 1 major (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 60 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fair telephone service; fair to good telegraph service; 26,000 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,538,000; 766,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 66,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $53,996,400; 9.7% of central government budget s departmen Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 20 May Branches: executive, legislative, and judicial Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidjo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: presidential elections held 5 April 1975; parliamentary elections last held 18 May 1973 Political parties and leaders: single Ahmadou Ahidjo National Union (UNC), Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,500 million (mid 1977), per capita about $310; real growth rate about 4.9% per annum (mid 1970-mid 1977) Agriculture: commercial and food crops-cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice CANADA LAND 9,971,500 km'; 4% cultivated, 2% meadows and pastures, 44% forested, 42% waste or urban, 8% inland water Land boundaries: 9,010 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 90,908 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 23,632,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjective-Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant, 47% Catholic, 5% other Language: English and French official Labor force: 10.3 million; 29% service, 22% manufactur- ing, 16% trade, 8% transportation and utilities, 6% agricul- ture, 6% construction, 8% other; 8.6% unemployed (March 1978) Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: Dominion Day, 1 July Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by Governor- General, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leader: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of 5 years but in practice held at least every 4 years, last election July 1974 Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Joe Clark; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent; Social Credit, vacant since death of Andre Fortin in July 1977 Voting strength (1974 election (numbers in parens indicate current party strengths in Parliament)): Liberal 43% (140 seats), Progressive Conservative 35% (90 seats), New Democratic Party 16% (16 seats), Social Credit 5% (9 seats), other 1%, Independents hold 2 seats, 7 seats unoccupied; Parliament enlarged from 264 seats to 282 seats on 12 June but new seats will not be filled until next general election expected in 1978 Communists: 2,000 approx. Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commomwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNC- TAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $195.3 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $8,394 per capita (1977); 58.7% consumption, 22.5% investment, 19.2% government (1977); growth rate 4.0% (1970-77, constant prices) Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages-fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch 1.065 million metric tons; exports 296,773 metric tons (1976) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments Crude steel: 13.1 million metric tons produced (1976) Electric power: 73 million kW capacity (1977); 244 million kWh produced (1977), 12,794 kWh per capita Exports: $45,965 million (f.o.b., 1977, source: I.F.S.); principal items-transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $44,630 million (c.i.f., 1977, source: I.F.S.); principal items-transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Major trade partners: 68% U.S., 10% EC, 5% Japan (1976) Aid: economic--(received) U.S., $388 million (FY46-75); gross official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $3,688 million (1960-73), $637 million (1973); military-U.S., $13 million (FY49-76), none since 1961 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Budget: total revenues $33,781 million; current expendi- tures $39,930 million; gross capital formation $6,833 million; budget deficit $6,149 million (1977) (National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0.86-1.04 in value, 1977 average 1C$=US$0.9400 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 71,503 km total; 70,141 km standard gage (1.435 m) (43 km electrified); 1,183 km 1.067-meter gage (in Newfoundland); 179 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 829,325 km total; 640,850 km surfaced (189,800 km paved), 188,475 km earth Inland waterways: 3,000 km Pipelines: oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 589 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,801 total, 1,452 usable; 295 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 285 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 58 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent service provided by mod- ern telecom media; 13.8 million telephones (60.4 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 500 TV stations; 8 coaxial submarine cables; 3 major COMSAT stations and 70 domestic COMSAT stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,814,000; 4,998,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (17) annually 233,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $3.98 billion; about 8.4% of proposed central government budget CAPE VERDE LAND 4,040 km2. divided among 10 islands and several islets WATER Limits of territorial waters: 100 nm Coastline: 965 km PEOPLE Population: 315,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.9% (12-70 to 7-76) Nationality: adjective-Cape Verdian CAPE VERDE v~ p Ethnic divisions: about 28% African; 70% mulatto; 2% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local superstitions Language: Portuguese and crioula, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: 14% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cape Verde National holiday: 12 September Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in July 1975 Capital: Praia Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined National holiday: 12 September Branches: National Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: President, Aristides Pereira; Prime Minister, Pedro Pires; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abilio Duarte Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party Communists: none known Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $50 million (1975 est.); $170 per capita income Agriculture: main crops-corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch, 4,400 metric tons (1975); largely undevel- oped but provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977); 20 kWh per capita Exports: $2.5 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish, bananas, salt Imports: $31 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, U.K., Japan, African neighbors Aid: Portugal, $30 million (1975), for civil service salaries, food, medicines; U.S., $7.2 million (1946-76), for food and employment of rural workers; Netherlands, Scandinavian countries, UNDP Budget: (est. 1976) $30 million expenditures, $15 million revenues Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 (November 1977) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Mindelo), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: interisland radio-relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal, about 1,600 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 1 FM and 5 AM stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE LAND 626,780 km2; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 4,981 km PEOPLE Population: 1,912,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Central African(s); adjective-Cen- tral African Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya-Mandjia (29%) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 27% animist, 5% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Language: French official; Sangho, lingua franca and national language Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: about half the population economically active, 80% of whom are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Central African Empire Type: constitutional monarchy, founded on a single party Capital: Bangui Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures Legal system: based on French, Islamic, and tribal law; in 1966 the Chief of State assumed all power and abrogated the constitution; in 1976 he promulgated a new constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 1 December Branches: Emperor Bokassa is chief of state and rules by decree; government is headed by a Prime Minister assisted by the Council of Ministers; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts; constitution calls for a National Assembly Government leader: Emperor Salah Ad-Din Ahmad Bokassa I Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: none have been held yet under Bokassa regime; provided for in new constitution Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), ruling party under former regime, continues as a key body for organizing support for the regime led by Emperor Bokassa Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $394 million (1976), $220 per capita Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts, ses- ame, wood; main food crops-manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour, rice, beef, and sugar imports 34 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE/CHAD Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 44,000 kW capacity (1977); 106 million kWh produced (1977), 56 kWh per capita Exports: $100 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $100 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); textiles, petrole- um products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Aid: economic (1946-76) -U.S., $9.6 million; EC, $73.8 million; U.N., $11.5 million; other international organiza- tions, $23.4 million; Communist countries (1964-75), $7.2 million Major trade partners: France; preferential tariff applied to EC countries and franc zone; Yugoslavia, Japan, U.S. Budget: est. 1977 budget receipts and grants $68 million, expenditures $81 million Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 22,250 km total; 290 km bituminous, 4,120 km gravel and/or crushed stone, 7,800 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,080 km; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams; the Oubangui River between Bangui and Brazza- ville is navigable for about 8 months a year, and short sections of the Sangha and the Lobaye Rivers are navigable throughout year; during high-water period (July-December) Oubangui navigable upstream from Bangui as far as Ouango Ports: Bangui, Ouango (river ports) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 46 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: facilities are meager; network is composed of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunica- tion stations and radio-relay links; 5,540 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 464,000; 237,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R., and FRG Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $7.5 million (current budget only); about 10.6% of central government current budget LAND 1,284,640 km2; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest and scrub, 46% other uses and waste Land boundaries: 5,987 km PEOPLE Population: 4,289,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.1% (7-72 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective-Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 major ethnic groups-Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force: only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chad Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1975 Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitu- tion suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 National holiday: 13 April Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council composed of 9 officers Government leader: President of Supreme Military Council, General Felix Malloum Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: all political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: armed Muslim rebel bands have been opposing the government since October 1965 in east-central and since August 1969 in northern Chad; rebels currently control the northern half of the country Member of. AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAC, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, OAU, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $292 million (est. 1976), $75 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate nearly zero since 1971 Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops-peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, dates, manioc, wheat; imports food Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 22,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $45 million (f.o.b., 1976); cotton 67% Imports: $124 million (c.i.f., 1976); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1973) and UDEAC countries; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: major source France, more than $10 million (1971-73); EDF, more than $15 million (1971-73); U.S. (FY46-76), $29.4 million; U.S.S.R., $5.0 million (1968-76); China, $67.6 million (1971-76); military aid (1955-76)-$7.0 million; from France, $4.1 million, remainder from West Germany and Israel; more than $10 million annually (est.) in French military aid (1969-71) Budget: 1977 ordinary budget-$70 million Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 27,505 km total; 242 km bituminous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 2,090 km of year- round navigability, increased to 4,830 km during high-water period Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 67 total, 63 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: fair system of radiocommunication stations only for intercity links; principal center N'Djamena, secondary center Sarh; 5,480 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 1 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,004,000; 524,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 40,000 Supply: dependent on France primarily Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $22.2 million; about 33% of total budget LAND 740,740 km2; 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15% permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren mountains, deserts, and cities Land boundaries: 6,325 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 6,435 km 36 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 10,689,000 (July 1978), growth rate 1.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Chilean(s); adjective-Chilean Ethnic divisions: 95% European stock and mixed European with some Indian admixture, 3% Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant Language: Spanish Literacy: 90% (1976) Labor force: 3.7 million economically active (1977); 30% agricultural, 29% industry and construction, 7% services, 10% commerce, 7% mining, 9% transportation, 8% other (1977) Organized labor: Communists: 248,000 when PCCh was legal in 1973; active militants now estimated at about 20,000 Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations; landowners' associations (SNA- Sociedad Nacional de Agricultural); Catholic church; ex- treme leftist, Movement of Revolutionary Left (MIR), outlawed; rightist, Patria y Libertad (PyL), outlawed Member of: CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $9.4 billion (1977 in 1976 prices), $886 per capita; 79.1% private consumption, 11.9% government consump- tion; 12.1% gross investment, -6.3.1% net imports and factor payments abroad (1976 est.); real growth rate, 1977, 8.6%; 1972-77 average annual increase, negligible Agriculture: main crops-wheat, other cereals, potatoes, fruits; about 85% self-sufficient; 2,650 calories per day per capita (1971 est.) Fishing: catch 1.5 million metric tons (1977); exports $94 million (1977) Major industries: copper, nitrates, foodstuffs, fish proc- essing, textiles and apparel, iron and steel, pulp and paper Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1967); 450,000 metric tons produced (1976), 42 kg per capita Electric power: 2,775,000 kW capacity (1977); 9.73 billion kWh produced (1977), 910 kWh per capita Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); copper, iron ore, paper products, nitrates, iodine, and fresh fruit Imports: $2.3 billion (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: exports-17% EC, 14% Japan, 13% U.S., 39% LAFTA; imports-15% EC, 21% U.S., 33% LAFTA, 12% Japan (1977) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $1,506 million loans, $313 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $720 million (of which IBRD $266 million, IDB $409 million); from other Western countries (1960-66), $170.6 million; from Communist countries (1967-76), $447.7 million; military (FY53-75)-from U.S., $62 million in loans, $154 million in grants Budget: $2.5 billion revenues, $2.8 billion expenditures (1977) Monetary conversion rate: 29.12 pesos=US$1 (February 1978), changes frequently Fiscal year: calendar year GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chile Type: republic Capital: Santiago Political subdivisions: 12 regions plus one metropolitan district, 41 provincial subdivisions. Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; constitution adopted 1925, amended since then, currently being revised; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September Branches: four-man Military-Police junta, which exer- cises constituent and legislative powers and has delegated executive powers to President of Junta; the President has announced a plan for transition from military to civilian rule by 1985; Congress dissolved; civilian judiciary remains Government leader: President, Gen. Augusto PINO- CHET Ugarte; other junta members, Adm. Jose Toribio MERINO Castro, Gen. Gustavo LEIGH Guzman, Gen. Cesar MENDOZA Duran Suffrage: none Elections: prohibited by decree; all electoral registers were destroyed in 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Andres Zaldivar and Eduardo Frei; National Party (PN), Sergio Onofre Jarpa; PDC and (PN) are officially banned; Popular Unity coalition parties (outlawed)- Communist Party (PCCh), Luis Corvalan (in exile); Socialist Party (PS), Clodomiro Almeyda and Carlos Altamirano (both in exile); Radical Party (PR); Christian Left (IC); United Popular Action Movement (MAPU); Independent Popular Action (API) Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 Congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confeder- ation (PDC and PN) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,361 km total; 3,111 km 1.676-meter gage, 135 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,115 km meter gage (1.00 M) Highways: 75,200 km total; 9,000 km paved, 38,200 km gravel, 28,000 km improved and unimproved earth Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Inland waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil, 755 km; refined products, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km Ports: 10 major, 20 minor Civil air: 33 major transport aircraft Airfields: 352 total, 349 usable; 45 with permanent- surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 53 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern telephone system based on extensive radio relay facilities; 473,000 telephones (4.5 per 100 popl.); 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 180 AM, 30 FM, and 56 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,773,000; 2,089,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 116,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, US$732.6 million; about 26% of central government budget CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF LAND 9.6 million km2; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water Land boundaries: 24,000 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 14,500 km PEOPLE Population: 1,003,855,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) Natiohality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective- Chinese Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Pu-I, Korean, and numerous lesser nationalities Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic, not seriously religious; most impor- tant elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2%-3% Muslim, 1% Christian Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; also Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above) Literacy: at least 25% Labor force: 335 million (mid-1966); 85% agriculture, 15% other; shortage of skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authority lies with Commu- nist party's political bureau; the National People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, in reality merely rubber stamps the party's programs; the State Council is the actual governing organism Capital: Peking Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court although legal activity centered in parallel network of Public Security organs; laws and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution, but has been revived National holiday: National Day, 1 October Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commissions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's Congress; this system broke down under "Cultural Revolution" pressures but has been reconsolidated and streamlined to 37 ministries Government leader: Premier of State Council, Hua Kuo-feng; government subordinate to central committee of CCP, under Chairman Hua Kuo-feng Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is academic Elections: no meaningful elections Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by Hua Kuo-feng; Hua is Chairman of Central Committee; a new central committee was formed at the 11th Party Congress held in August 1977 38 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF/CHINA, REPUBLIC OF Voting strength: 100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity permitted Communists: about 35 million party members in 1977 Other political or pressure groups: army (PLA) remains a major force, although many soldiers who acquired a wide range of civil political-administrative duties during the Cultural Revolution have been removed; many veteran civilian officials, in eclipse since the Cultural Revolution, have been reinstated; mass organizations, such as the trade unions and the youth league, have been rebuilt in the provinces; plans are underway to rebuild the national organizations Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Red Cross, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, other international bodies ECONOMY GNP: $350 billion (1977), $362 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, wheat, miscellaneous grains, cotton; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1977); agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 6.75 million metric tons in 1977 Major industries: iron and steel, armaments, textiles, petroleum Shortages: complex machinery skilled scientists and technicians coal, machine building, and equipment, highly Crude steel: 25 million metric tons produced, 26 kg per capita (1977) Electric power: 42 million kW capacity (1977); 150 billion kWh produced (1977), 155 kWh per capita Exports: $7.9 billion (f.o.b., 1977); agricultural products, oil, minerals and metals, manufactured goods Imports: $6.9 billion (c.i.f., 1977); grain, chemical fertilizer, steel, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, West Germany, France, Romania, U.S.S.R., Australia, U.S., Canada, Singa- pore (1977) Monetary conversion rate: as of 31 December 1977, about 1.73 yuan=US$l (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: networks total about 45,000 route km com- mon-carrier lines; about 600 km meter gage (1.00 m); rest standard gage (1.435 m); all single track except 9,000 km double track on standard gage lines; approximately 1,025 km electrified; about 9,700 km industrial lines (gages range from 0.59 to 1.435 m) Highways: about 835,000 km all types roads; almost half (about 300,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 215,000 km improved earth roads about 2- to 5-meters wide and in poor to fair condition; remainder (about 260,000 km) includes majority of principal roads Airfields: 379 total; 9 with runways 3,500 m and over; 45 with runways 2,500 to 3,499 m; 187 with runways 1,200 to 2,499 m; 124 with runways less than 1,200 m; 2 seaplane stations; 12 airfields under construction, of these, 249 have permanent surface runways Telecommunications: urban and industrial areas served by reasonably adequate facilities for domestic and interna- tional communication needs; facilities being expanded; effective broadcast coverage is provided by radio, extensive wired-broadcast networks, and an expanding TV network; estimated 5 million telephones, 45 million radio receivers, 140 million wired-speakers and est. 500,000 TV receivers; 250 AM, 7 FM, and 120 TV transmitter and rebroadcast stations; 3 standard international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable links Canton to Hong Kong; submarine cable links Shanghai to Japan; additional subma- rine cables planned CHINA, REPUBLIC OF LAND 32,260 km2 (Taiwan and Pescadores); 24% cultivated, 6% pasture, 55% forested, 15% other (urban, industrial, de- nuded, water area) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 990 km Taiwan, 459 km offshore islands PEOPLE Population: 16,985,000, excluding the population of Quemoy and Matsu Islands and foreigners (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.0% (1-74 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective- Chinese Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigines Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other Language: Chinese Mandarin (official Taiwanese and Hakka dialect Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 6.12 million (1978); 26.2% primary industry (agriculture), 39% secondary industry (including manufac- turing, mining, construction), 34.8% tertiary industry (in- cluding commerce and services) 1977; 2% unemployment (1976) Organized labor: about (government controlled) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of China Type: republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Taipei Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 4 cities, municipality (Taipei) Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1947, amended 1960 to permit Chiang Kai-shek to be reelected, and amended 1972 to permit President to restructure certain government organs; accepts compulsory 1CJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: 5 independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional Chinese functions of examination and control), dominated by executive branch; President and Vice President elected by National Assembly Government leaders: President Chiang Ching-kuo Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: national level-legislative yuan every 3 years but no general election held since 1948 election on mainland (partial elections for Taiwan province representatives December 1969, December 1972, and December 1975); local level-provincial assembly, county and municipal executives every 4 years; county and municipal assemblies every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo, has no real opposition; 2 insignificant parties are Democratic Socialist Party, Young China Party Voting strength (1972 provincial assembly election): 58 seats Kuomintang, 13 seats independents Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: expelled from U.N. General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; attempting to retain membership in international financial institutions; ICAC, ISO, IWC-International Wheat Council ECONOMY GNP: $19.5 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $1,168 per capita; real growth, 8.3% (1970-76 average) Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed-60% cultivated land under irrigation; main crops-rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, citrus fruits; food shortages-wheat, corn, soybeans Fishing: catch 854,784 metric tons (1977) Major industries: textiles, clothing, chemicals, plywood, electronics, sugar milling, food processing, cement, ship building Electric power: 7,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 29.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,765 kWh per capita Exports: $9,361 million (f.o.b., 1977); 25% textiles, 15.9% electrical machinery, 7.5% plywood and wood products, 7% machinery and metal products, 7.5% plastics, 5% sugar Imports: $8,511 million (c.i.f., 1977); 18% machinery, 9% electrical machinery, 9% basic metals, 10% crude oil, 10% chemical products Major trade partners: exports-38.8% U.S., 11.9% Japan; imports-31% Japan, 23% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-76), $2.2 billion committed; IBRD (1964-75), $311 million committed; Japan (1965-74), $247 million committed; ADB (1968-75), $93 million committed; military-U.S. (FY46-76), $4.3 billion com- mitted Central government budget: $3.5 billion (FY78) Monetary conversion rate: NT$38 (New Taiwan)=US$l Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 1,000 km common-carrier and 3,500 km industrial lines, all on Taiwan; common-carrier lines consist of West System: 825 km meter gage (1.00 m) with 325 km double track, complete line under construction for electrifi- cation; East Line: 175 km narrow gage (0.762 m) (presently under construction to convert to meter gage compatible with West System); common-carrier lines owned by government and operated by Railway Administration (TRA) under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises Highways: network totals 16,900 km (construction of North-South Freeway approximately 84%-250 km-com- plete), plus 483 km on Penghu and offshore islands; 7,564 km paved, 6,276 km gravel and crushed stone, 2,736 km earth Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Airfields: 38 total, 36 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station 40 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF/COLOMBIA GOVERNMENT DEFENSE FORCES 3 328,000 fit Legal name: Republic of Colombia manpower: males 15-49, 4,146,000; Type: republic; executive branch dominates Military for military service; about 199,000 currently reach military structure age (19) annually Capital: Bogota 5 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, including personnel costs; about 52.5% of political subdivisions: Districtts, 3 Intendants, $1,814.7 million iCorn religious courts central government budget Legal system: based on Spanish law; A divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, COLOMBIA LAND 1,139,600 km2; settled area 28% consisting o acd wane 6%, fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%_mostly forest and savannah Land boundaries: 6,035 regulate marriage an amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review o legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with na reservations Day, 30 July National holiday: I Branches: President, leader: President Alfonso LopezuMichelsen Government Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: every fourth Year- last presidential and congressional elections April 1974; municipal and depart- mental elections, April 1976 president Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, Alvaro Alfonso Lopez Michelsen; Conservative Party, Gomez Hurtado; Alianza Nazional Popular, Maria Eugenia Rojas de Moreno Voting strength: 1974 presidential election-Alfonso Lopez Michelsen 55%, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado 32%, Maria Eugenia Rojas de Moreno 9.5%; 1976 municipal combined 52% Liberal Party, 40% Conservative Party, n of eligible voters i o far left parties; 70% abstent Communists: 10,000-12,000 members est. munist Party Other political or pressure groups: Corn (PCC), Gilberto Vieira White; PCC/ML, Chinese Line Communist Party IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, LAFTA (created in May 1969 WATER 12 nm (fishing 200 Limits of territorial waters (claimed): nm) Coastline: 2,414 km PEOPLE 1978), average annual population: 25,559,000 (July growth rate 2.2% (current) adjective-Colombian Nationality: noun-Colombian(s); Ethnic %ivis gro, 38%mixed1Negro-Indian, 1%nInd an mulatto, 4 Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of population over 47% years agriculture, 13% Labor force: 5.6 million (1966); manufacturing, 18% services, 9% Commerce, 13% other (1964); 10%-13% unemployment (1975) (1968) Organized labor: 13% of labor force and Andean Sub-RegiGr N > UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY per GNP: $16.32 billion, est. (1976, in 1976 prices), $710 capita; 76% private consul 2o net ion, foreign balance (1975); real 18% gross investment, 2% growth rate (1977), 5.5%; average real growth rate (1972-76 6.5% coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, Agriculture: main crops- plantains, bananas, per cotton, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,140 capita calories per day p xports $10.6 Fishing: catch 66,575 metric tons 1975; exports million (1973), imports $10.3 million (1973) clothing and Major industries: textiles, food processing, c footwear, beverages, chemicals, and metal products kg Crude steel: 356,000 metric tons produced (1976), 15 per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COLOMBIA/COMOROS bjlEle k,iPower: 4,650,000 kW capacity (1977); 13.8 produced (1977), 540 kWh per capita Exports: $1,866 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cattle and coffee, hides fuel oil, Imports: $1,991 million (f.o.b., 1977); equipment, machinery, industrial metals and ratransportation w materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper Products, foodstuffs and beverages Major trade partners: exports-48% Japan, 27% U.S., 16% Germany, 10% Venezuela, 6% Netherlands; imports- 38% U.S., 9% Germany, 8% Japan, 5% Ecuador (1976) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. million loans, (FY46-76), $991 $325 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75) $1 8 , . billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $77.6 million; from Communist coun- tries (1968-75), $82 million ($2.7 million drawn); military- assistance from U.S. (FY46-76), $130 million Budget: (1978) revenues $2.09 billion; expenditures $2.30 billion Monetary conversion rate: 37.70 (November 1977, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,436 km, all 0.914-meter gage, km electrified single track, 35 Highways: 56,650 km total; 8,200 km paved, 41,750 km crushed stone or gravel, 6,700 km improved earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km, navigable by river boats Pipelines: crude oil 3 , ,585 km; refined products, 1,350 km; natural gas, 830 km; natural gas liquids, 125 km Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Civil air: 90 major transport aircraft Airfields: 722 total, 680 usable; 44 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 86 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1.34 million telephones (5.5 per 100 popl.); 325 AM, 130 FM, and 48 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,502,000; 3,594,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 260000 , Military budget: proposed for fiscal year December 1978, $181.8 million; about 7.7% government budget COMOROS ending 31 of central LAND 2,170 km2; 4 main islands; forests 16%, pasture 7%, cultivable area 48%, non-cultivable area 29% WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 340 km PEOPLE Population: 317,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun_Comoran(s); adjective-Comoran Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Malay, Negroid Religion: Predominantly Islamic Language: French, Arabic, Swahili Literacy: presumably low Labor force: mainly agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Comoros Type: three of the four islands comprise an independent republic, following local government's unilateral declaration of independence from France in July 1975; other island, Mayotte, disallowed declaration and is now a French Territorial community Capital: Moroni Political subdivisions: the three islands are organized into 7 regions; these regions are broken down into 55 to 60 "Moudirias" or regional council centers; the "Bayous" are the Principle units of local government and they are grouped together to form the "Moudirias" Legal system: French and Muslim law Branches: Ali Soilih elected President of the Comoros, April 1977; he immediately reorganized the Central Government into 4 major components: the Presidency, internal affairs Central Committee, external affairs Central Committee, and a Supreme Court Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last election took place April 1977; date of next election unknown Communists: information not available Member of. G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COMOROS / CONGO ECONOMY GDP: $69.5 million (1975), about $200 per capita; growth probably negligible through 1974 Agriculture: food crops-rice, manioc, maize, fruits, vegetables; export crops-essential oils for perfumes (mainly ylang-ylang), vanilla, copra, cloves Exports: $10.3 million (f.o.b., 1976); perfume oils, vanilla, copra, cloves Imports: $13.9 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, cement, fuels, chemicals, textiles Major trade partners: France, Malagasy Republic, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania and U.S. Electric power: 2,400 kW capacity (1977); 3 million kWh produced (1977); 10 kWh per capita Aid: French aid in 1971 was about $2.7 million, or about 50% of the island's entire budget; Arab League, $10 million in 1976 Budget: 1977 projected-revenues, $5 million; current expenditures, $11 million; investment expenditures, $5 million Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 as of November 1977, floating COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 999 km total; approximately 295 km bitumi- nous, remainder crushed stone or gravel Ports: 1 minor (Moroni on Grande Comore) Civil air: 4 major transports (2 registered in France) Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 5 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: sparse system of HF radiocom- munication stations for interisland, island and external communications to Malagasy and Reunion; 1,100 telephones (0.3 per 100 pop1.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations CONGO LAND 349,650 kmz; 63% dense forest or woodland, 33% cultivable or grazing (2% cultivated est.), 4% urban or waste Land boundaries: 4,514 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 169 km PEOPLE Population: 1,464,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Congolese (sing., pl.); adjective- Congolese or Congo Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1% Muslim Language: French official, many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used Literacy: about 20% Labor force: about 40% of population economically active, most engaged in subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968 Capital: Brazzaville Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1973 National holiday: National Day, 15 August Branches: President, Military Committee, Council of State; judiciary; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee and Politburo Government leaders: President, Brigadier General Joachim Yhombi-Opango; Prime Minister Louis Goma Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: last legislative elections June 1973 Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party Communists: unknown number of Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UCEEC) Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $700 million (1977 est.), $524 per capita; real growth rate about 3% per year (1970-77) Agriculture: cash crops-sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, tobacco; food crops-root-crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish Fishing: catch 15,674 metric tons (1975) Major industries: crude oil, sawmills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap Electric power: 63,200 kW capacity (1977); 130 million kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita Exports: $214 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); oil (58%), lumber, sugar, tobacco, veneer, and plywood Imports: $266 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); machinery, transport equipment, manufactured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: France and other EC countries Budget: 1977 est.-revenue $216 million, expenditures $240 million Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 800 km, 1,067-meter gage, single track Highways: 8,246 km total; 535 km bituminous surface treated; remainder gravel, laterite, or improved earth Inland waterways: 6,485 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil 25 km Ports: 1 major (Pointe Noire) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 68 total, 51 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: services adequate for government and public; network is comprised of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations, coaxial cables and wire lines; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; 10,500 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 340,000; 169,000 fit for military service; about 14,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $37,517,400; about 17% of central government budget COOK ISLANDS K APp UINEA~ : LAND About 240 km2 COOK ISLANDS NEW ZEA L ND WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 120 km PEOPLE Population: 18,000 (total from the census of 1 December 1976) Nationality: noun-Cook Islander(s); adjective-Cook Islander Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cook Islands Type: self-governing in "free association" with New Zealand; Cook Islands government fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands government Capital: Rarotonga Branches: New Zealand Governor General appoints Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand government; Representative appoints the Premier; Legislative Assembly of 22 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only Government leader: Premier Albert Henry Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 4 years, latest in March 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COOK ISLANDS/COSTA RICA Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Sir Albert Henry; Democratic Party, Dr. Thomas Davis Voting strength (1978): Cook Islands Party, 15 seats; Democratic Party, 7 seats ECONOMY (1973) GDP: $400 per capita crops include copra, citrus fruits, Agriculture: export with pineapples, tomatoes, and bananas, subsistence crops of yams and taro Industry: fruit processing 10 million Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1977); kWh produced (1977), 525 kWh per capita Exports: $2.7 million (1971); fruit juice, clothing, citrus fruits Imports: $5.8 million (1971) Major trade partners: (1970) exports-98% New Zealand, imports-76% New Zealand, 7% Japan .9947 (July Monetary conversion rate: 1 NZ$=US$0 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 260 km total; 19 km paved, 109 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 48 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft -2,439 Airfy 2,3 17 total, ith natural surface runways n1,220 runway m; 1 seaplane station FM, and no TV stations; Telecommunications: 6 AM, no 7,000 radio receivers, and 956 telephones COSTA RICA Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 657,709 (1976); 32.6% agriculture; 13.8% manufacturing; 15.3% commerce; 6.1% construction; 5.2% transportation, utilities; 20.3% service (government, educa- tion, social); 0.5% other; 6.2% unemployment (1976) Organized labor: about 11.5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Costa Rica Type: unitary republic Capital: San Jose Political subdivisions: 7 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education ICJ iversityt of Costa n Rica; has not accepted compulsory 15 September National holiday: Independence Day, Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by legislature Government leader: President Rodrigo Carazo Odio Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: every 4 years; next, February 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Li e tiioMParty (PLN), Daniel Oduber, Luis Alberto Monge, Carlos Rodrigo Castillo; Democratic Renovation Party DC) J arlorge rig Carazo; Christian Democratic Party Zamora; Popular Vanguard Party (PVP, Communist), Manuel Mora Valverde; Republican Calderonista Party (PRC), Rafael Angel Calderon Fournier; Popular Union Party (PUP), San Joaquin Trejos Fernandez; Unity Coalition composed of the PRD, the PDC, the PUP, and the PRC Voting strength (1978 election): Unity Coalition 433.P4%, 27 seats; PLN 38.8%, 25 seats; Leftist Coalition Party 7.6%, 3 seats; others, 2 seats Communists: 3,200 members, 10,000 sympathizers LAND 51,000 km2; 30% agricultural land (8% cultivated, 22% meadows and pasture), 60% forested, 10% waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 670 km WATER (fishing 200 Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm nm; specialized competence over living resources to 200 nm) Coastline: 1,290 km PEOPLE Population: 2,119,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) adjective-Costa Nationality: noun-Costa Rican(s); a Rican Ethnic divisions: 98% white (including mestizo), 2% Negro Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COSTA RICA/CUBA Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confed- eration of Democratic Workers (CCTD), General Confeder- ation of Workers (CGT), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Development (ANFE) Member of: CALM F , AO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, 1DB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Carihe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO W M0 ECONOMY GDP: $2.3 billion (1976, .in 1976 dollars), $1,135 per capita; 72% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 23% gross domestic investment, - 12% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate 1977, 6.9%; average growth (1972-76), 6.0% Agriculture: main products-bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products; caloric intake, 2,610 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 15,695 metric tons (1975); exports, $3.7 million (1974), imports, $0.6 million (1974) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer Electric power: 410,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 855 kWh per capita Exports: $770 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao Imports: $840 million (c.i.f., 1977); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-32% U.S., 24% CACM, 13% West Germany im ports-04% U.S., 16% CACM, 6% West Germany, 10% Japan (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $138 million loans, $117 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $349 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $7.7 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY60-76), $2.0 million; Communist- (economic) from U.S.S.R., $17 million (1971) Monetary conversion Fiscal year: calendar 8.57 colones=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 563 km 1.067-meter gage, all single track, 115 km electrified Highways: 25,600 km total; 1,950 km paved, 7,450 km gravel 16,200 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 730 km perennially navigable Pipelines: refined products, 318 km Ports: 3 major (Limon, Golfito, Puntarenas), 4 minor Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 186 total, 177 usable; 29 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good domestic telephone service; 127,000 telephones (6.2 per 100 popl.); connection into Central American microwave net; 55 AM, 10 FM, and 12 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 460,000; 301,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 26,000 Supply: dependent on imports from U.S. Military6 $ budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 1 .2 million for Ministry of Public Security, including the dge Civil Guard; about 3% of total central government b t CUBA LAND 114,478 km2; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 3,735 km PEOPLE Population: 9,797,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Cuban(s); adjective-Cuban Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% 1 % Chinese Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic Castro assumed power Language: Spanish Literacy: about 96% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CUBA/CYPRUS Labor force: 2.7 million in 1976; 33% agriculture, 17% industry, 9% construction, 7% transportation, 32% services, 2% unemployed GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cuba Type: Communist state Capital: Havana Political subdivisions: 14 provinces and 169 munici- palities Legal system: based on Spanish and American Fundamental large elements of Communist legal theory; Fun Law of 1959 replaced Constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on 2 December 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 January Branches: executive; legislature (National People's Assem- bly); controlled judiciary Government leader: President Fidel Castro Ruz Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz Communists: approx. 200,000 party members Member of: CEMA, ECLA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), ICAO, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, IWC-International Wheat Council, ITU, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS (nonpartici- pant), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods Crude steel: 0.35 million metric tons capacity (planned); 240,000 metric tons produced (1975); 25 kg per capita Electric power: 1,936,000 kW capacity (1977); 6.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 700 kWh per capita Exports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); sugar, nickel, tobacco Imports: $3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1976); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-65% U.S.S.R., 15% other Communist countries; imports-49% U.S.S.R., 14% other Communist countries, 6% Spain (1976) Budget: $11.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1.21 (nominal) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,640 km total, government-owned; 5,040 km common-carrier lines of which 4,960 km standard gage (1.435 m), 80 km 0.914-meter gage; about 9,600 km plantation/ industrial lines, 6,400 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,200 narrow gage Highways: 20,700 km total; 8,800 km paved, 11,900 km gravel and earth surfaced Inland waterways: 240 km Pipelines: natural gas, 80 km Ports: 8 major (including U.S. Naval Base at Guantan- amo), 44 minor; Guantanamo under U.S. control Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft Airfields: 194 total, 183 usable; 47 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 in, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 10 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern facilities adequately serve military, governmental, and some civilian needs; excellent international facilities via HF and satellite; 380,000 tele- phones (3.9 per 100 popl.); 100 AM, 25 FM, and 24 TV stations; 4 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978 (last announced budget), $949 million; about 8.6% of total budget ECONOMY GDP: $8.0 billion (1976 est., in 1976 prices), $830 per capita; 60% private consumption, 20% public consumption, 20% gross investment; real growth rate 1976, 3.5% Agriculture: main crops-sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits Fishing: catch 183,000 metric tons (1976); exports $63 million (1975), imports $24.4 million (1973) Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals CYPRUS LAND 9,251 km'; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 641,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.2% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Cypriot(s); adjective-Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Mason- ite Armenian Apostolic and other Language: Greek, Turkish, English Literacy: about 82% of population 7 years or older Greek Sector labor force: 207,700 (1975), 22% agricul- ture, forestry, fishing, 12% manufacturing, 4% construction, 1% mining and quarrying, 13% services, 10% trade and finance, 3% transport and communications, 5% public administration, 30% other; unemployment 7% (1976) Turkish Sector labor force: 179,400 (145,900 employed, 33,500 unemployed); 31% agriculture, 18% services, 17% manufacturing, 12% wholesale and retail trade, 22% other (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cyprus Type: republic since August 1960; separate de facto Greek Cypriot, and Turkish Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974; negotiations, which have been going on since January 1975, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government with substantial autonomy for each of the two communities Capital: Nicosia Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been going on intermittently National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October Branches: currently a rump government with effective authority only over the Greek Cypriot community, consist- ing of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "Constitution" and governing bodies within the "Federated Turkish State of Cyprus" Government leaders: President, Spyros Kyprianou, elected interim President in September 1977, to serve out the remainder of the term of Archbishop Makarios who died on 3 August 1977, and elected President in his own right by acclamation in February 1978 (Greek); "President," Rauf Denktash (Turk); "Prime Minister," Osman Orek (Turk) Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: officially every 5 years; Turkish Cypriot "Presidential" and "Parliamentary" elections held June 1976; Greek Cypriot parliamentary elections held in September 1976; Greek Cypriot presidential election to be held in February 1978 Political parties and leaders: Restorative Party of the Working People (AKEL) (Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DR), Glafkos Clerides; Democratic Party (DP) (pro-Makarios), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; National Unity Party, Rauf Denktash; Populist Party, Alper Orhon; Republican Turkish Cypriot Party, Ahmet Berberoglou; Communal Salvation Party, Alpay Durduran; Republic Turkish Cypriot Party (RTCP), Ozker Ozgur Voting strength: Rauf Denktash won the 1976 "Presiden- tial" contest in the Turkish Cypriot zone with 76% of the vote and his party won 30 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" with 54% of the vote; a pro-Makarios coalition composed of AKEL, EDEK, and the DF received 75% of the vote in the September 1976 Greek Cypriot parliamentary election and 34 of 35 seats while Clerides' DM won 25% of the vote and no seats; the remaining seat was given to an independent Communists: 12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000 Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON) (Communist-controlled); Pan Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO) (Communist-controlled); Cyprus Confederation of Labor (SEK) (pro-West); Cyprus Turkish Federation of Trade Unions (KTIBF); Confeder- ation of Revolutionary Worker Unions (DISK); Turkish Cypriot Federation of Labor Union Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77,GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ECONOMY GNP: $789.3 million (1976), $1,580 per capita; 1976 real growth rate 14.6% Agriculture: main crops-vine products, citrus, potatoes, other vegetables; food shortages-grain, dairy products, meat, fish; caloric intake, 2,460 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Major industries: mining (cupreous and iron pyrites, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption- food, beverages, footwear, clothing, cement Shortages: water, petroleum Electric power: 338,000 kW capacity (1977); 880 million kWh produced (1977), 1,375 kWh per capita Exports: $319 million (f.o.b., 1977, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.451); principal items-asbestos, copper, pyrites, citrus, raisins, and other agricultural products, potatoes, cement, clothing, footwear, wine Turkish Sector exports: $15.7 million (f.o.b., 1976, con- verted at average conversion factor of 16.053 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items-citrus fruits, potatoes, manu- factured goods Imports: $623 million (c.i.f., 1977, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.451); principal items-manufactured goods, machinery and trans- port equipment, petroleum products, foods Turkish Sector imports: $65.9 million (c.i.f., 1976, con- verted at average trade conversion factor of 16.053 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items are foodstuffs, livestock, raw materials, oil, machinery Major trade partners: (1977) imports-19% U.K., 9% Italy, 8% Greece, 8% West Germany, 6% U.S., 5% France; exports-29% U.K., 13% Saudi Arabia, 9% Lebanon, 5% Libya, 4% Egypt, 3% U.S.S.R., 3% Greece, 3% Syria Turkish Sector major trade partners: (1976) imports- 48% Turkey, 22% U.K., 7% West Germany, 5% France, 3% Netherlands, 3% Italy; exports-33% U.K., 29% Turkey, 18% Netherlands, 10% Italy Aid: economic-U.S., $49 million authorized (FY70-76); other Western bilateral authorizations (ODA and OOF), $34 million (1970-76); Greece, $79 million (1976) Turkish Sector aid: Turkey, $70 million (1974-76) Budget: 1977-revenues $167.6 million, expenditures $229.4 million, deficit $61.8 million Turkish Sector budget: revenues $38 million, expendi- tures $78 million, deficit $40 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.61 (December 1971 through January 1973), 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.4510 (trade conversion factor for 1977) Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate: 18.002 Turk- ish 1ira=US$1 (trade conversion factor for 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year NOTE: 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 GNP, import, export, and budget figures are Government of Cyprus figures which include 100% of island until August 1974 and 60% of island thereafter; the Turkish sector of island for last 4 months of 1974 is part of Turkish mainland economy; with the passage of time, some information on the Turkish sector of the island has become available. COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 9,710 km total; 4,580 km bituminous surface treated; 5,130 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish control Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft, all leased in Airfields: 13 total, 12 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,656 m Telecommunications: moderately good telecommunica- tion system; 77,000 telephones (11.2 per 100 pop1.); 12 AM, 4 FM, and 5 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 2 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $33.7 million about 14% of central government budget CZECHOSLOVAKIA LAND 127,946 km'; 42% arable, 14% other agricultural, 35% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,540 km PEOPLE Population: 15,136,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.7% (current) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Nationality: noun-Czechoslovak(s); adjective-Czecho- slovak Ethnic divisions: 64.3% Czechs, 30.0% Slovaks, 4.0% Magyars, 0.6% Germans, 0.5% Poles, 0.4% Ukrainians, 0.2% others (Jews, Gypsies) Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox, 1% other Language: Czech, Slovak, Hungarian Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 7.4 million; 14% agriculture, 38.6% industry, 11% services, 36.4% construction, communications and others GOVERNMENT Legal name: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (C.S.S.R.) Type: Communist state Capital: Prague Political subdivisions: 2 ostensibly separate and nomi- nally autonomous republics (Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands, three regions in Slovakia; national capitals of Prague and Bratislava have regional status Legal system: civil law system based on Austrian- Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960, amended in 1968 and 1970; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Karlova University School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May Branches: executive-President (elected by Federal As- sembly), cabinet (appointed by President); legislative- Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary-Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental structure domi- nated by Communist Party Government leaders: President Gustav Husak (elected May 1975), Premier Lubomir Strougal Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: governmental bodies every 5 years (last election, October 1976); President every 5 years Dominant political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustav Husak, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of "provincial KSC organization" Voting strength (1976 election): 99.7% for Communist- sponsored single slate Communists: 1.38 million party members (April 1976) Other political groups: puppet parties-Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Free- dom Party, Slovak Revival Party Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $59.9 billion in 1977 (in 1976 dollars), $3,985 per capita; 1977 real growth rate 3.4% Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops-wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar beets; net food importer-meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967) Major industries: machinery, food processing, metal- lurgy, textiles, chemicals Shortages: ores, crude oil Crude steel: 15.1 million metric tons produced (1977), 1,000 kg per capita Electric power: 15.2 million kW capacity (1977); 66.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,395 kWh per capita Exports: $10,970 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 50% machin- ery, equipment; 29% fuels, raw materials; 4% foods, food products, and live animals; 18% consumer goods, excluding foods (1976) Imports: $11,100 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 37% machin- ery, equipment; 47% fuels, raw materials; 10% foods, food products, and live animals; 7% consumer goods, excluding foods (1976) Monetary conversion rate: noncommercial 10.15 crowns=US$1, commercial 5.64 crowns=US$l Fiscal year. calendar year NOTE: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 6.77 crowns=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 13,186 km total; 12,881 km standard gage (1.435 m), 112 km broad gage (1.524 m), 193 km narrow gage (0.750 m and 0.760 m); 2,807 km double track; 2,714 km electrified; government-owned (1975) Highways: 73,677 km total; 60,157 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 13,520 km gravel, crushed stone (1976) Inland waterways: 483 km (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined products, 861 km; natural gas, 5,601 km Freight carried: rail-275.5 million metric tons, 70.7 billion metric ton/km (1976); highway-1,048.3 million metric tons, 16.3 billion metric ton/km (1976); waterway- 6.8 million metric tons, 3.0 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) in approximately 417 waterway craft with 350,000 metric ton capacity (1977) Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg, FRG; Rostock, GDR; principal river ports are Prague, Melnik, Usti nad Labem, Decin, Komarno, Bra- tislava (1977) 50 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CZECHOSLOVAKIA/DENMARK DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, est. 19.5 billion crowns, about 7.1% of total budget DENMARK LAND 42,994 km2 (exclusive of Greenland and Faroe Islands); 64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 68 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,379 km PEOPLE Population: 5,106,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Dane(s); adjective-Danish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.6 million; 9.5% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 26.6% manufacturing, 8.3% construction, 15.7% commerce, 6.8% transportation, 5.6% services, 25.7% govern- ment, 1.8% other; 6.5% (167,000) of registered labor force unemployed (1977 annual average) Organized labor: 65% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Denmark Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minis- ter, Anker Jorgensen Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 15 February 1977) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Liberal, Henning Christopherson (interim party chairman) Conservative, Poul Schluter; Radical Liberal, Kristen Helveg Petersen; Socialist Peoples, Gert Petersen; Communist, Joergen Jensen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilhjelm; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Christian People's, Jens Moller; Justice, Ib Christensen; Communist League Marxist-Leninest, Benito Scocozza Voting strength (1977 election): 37.5% Social Democratic, 14.3% Progressive, 12.3% Moderate Liberals, 8.3% Conserva- tive, 6.4% Center Democratic, 3.9% Socialist Peoples, 3.7% Communist, 3.6% Radical Liberal, 3.5% Christian, 3.2% Justice, 2.7% Leftist Socialist Communists: 7,500-8,000; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 114,034 Communist votes cast in 1977 elections Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO (observer), EMA, ESRD, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $43.7 billion (1977), $8,750 per capita; 58% private consumption, 20% investment, 25% government, - 2.5% net foreign sector and stock building (1977); 1977 growth rate 0.5%, constant prices Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops-cereals, root crops; food imports-oilseeds, grain, feedstuffs; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Fishing: catch 1.88 million metric tons, exports $507 million (1976) Major industries: food processing, machinery and equip- ment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, brick and mortar, furniture and other wood products Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Crude steel: 722,000 metric tons produced (1976), 140 kg per capita Electric power: 7,400,000 kW capacity (1977); 23.9 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,695 kWh per capita Exports: $10.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equip- ment, fish, furs, and furniture Imports: $13.3 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper Major trade partners: 46.5% EC-nine (18.1% West Germany, 13.1% U.K.); 14.9% Sweden; 5.4% U.S.; 4.2% Communist countries (1976) Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF) $717 million (1970-76) Budget: (FY77) expenditures $20.3 billion, revenues $20.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 6.0031 Kroner=US$1 (1977, average exchange rate) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,591 km standard gage (1.435 m); Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,101 km (1,999 km rail line and 102 km rail ferry services); 97 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 490 km of standard gage lines are privately-owned and operated Highways: approximately 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 417 km Pipelines: refined products, 418 km Ports: 16 major, 44 minor Civil air: 71 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in and 4 leased out Airfields: 175 total, 133 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 2.53 million telephones (48.9 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 13 FM, and 34 TV stations; 14 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,216,000; 1,065,000 fit for military service; 38,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1.140 million; about 15.6% of proposed central government budget DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) LAND 23,310 km'; 89% desert wasteland, 10% pasture, and less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 517 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 Coastline: 314 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 180,000 (official estimate for 1972) Nationality: noun-Afar(s), Issa(s); adjective-Afar, Issa Ethnic divisions: (approximate figures) 96,300 Somalis, mostly Issas (large number of the Somalis are temporary immigrants from Somalia, not citizens of territory), 90,500 Afars, 6,000 Arabs, 7,000 French (inclusive of French military forces) Religion: 94% Muslim, Language: Somali, Afar, Literacy: about 5% 6% Christian French, Arabic, all widely used Labor force: a small number of port Organized labor: some 3,000 railway workers organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Type: republic Capital: Djibouti Legal system: based traditional practices and Branches: 65-member prime minister on French Islamic law parliament, civil law system, cabinet, president, Government leader: President, Hassan Gouled Suffrage: universal Elections: Parliament elected May 1977 52 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 DJIBOUTI /DOMINICA Political parties and leaders: National Independence Union (UNI), Ali Aref Bourhan; African People's Independ- ence League (LPAI), Hassan Gouled and Ahmed Dini; Popular Liberation Movement, Kamil Ali; Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS); governing coalition consists of the LPAI, the FLCS, and their Afar allies, elected under the banner of the National Independence Rally (RNI) Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of: Arab League ECONOMY GNP $65 million (1972) Agriculture: livestock; desert conditions limit commercial crops to about 15 acres, including fruits and vegetables Industry: ship repairs and services of port and railroad drastically reduced with war in Ethiopia's Ogaden that cut the railroad line Electric power: 23,500 kW capacity (1977); 55 million kWh produced (1977), 310 kWh per capita Imports: $74 million (1973); almost all domestically needed goods-foods, machinery, transport equipment es Exports: $20 million, including transit trade (1973); and skins, and transit of coffee; since railroad line has been cut, values have plummeted Monetary conversion rate: 182 Djibouti francs=US$1 Fiscal year: probably same as that for France (calendar year) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 97 km meter gage (1.00 M) Highways: 750 km total; 100 km paved, 650 km improved earth Ports: 1 major (Djibouti) Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radiocommunication stations at outlying places; 3,600 telephones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES bout Military manpower: males 15-49, about 30,000; about 17,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of France DOMINICA LAND 790 km2; 24% arable, 2% pasture, 67% forests, 7% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 148 km VNEUE1 PEOPLE Population: 81,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.6% (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective-Dominican Ethnic divisions: mostly of African Negro descent Religion: Roman Catholic, Church of England, Methodist Language: English; French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 23,000; about 50% in agriculture Organized labor: 25% of the labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Dominica Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State;" may become independent in February 1978 Capital: Roseau Political subdivisions: 10 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean* Court of Appeals Branches: legislature, 11 member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier Patrick Roland John; U.K. Governor Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue Suffrage: universal adult suffrage over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; most recent March 1975 Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Piss (DLP), Patrick John; Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), M. Eugenia Charles (unofficial) Voting strength: House of Assembly seats-DFP 3 seats, DLP 16 seats, independent 2 seats Communists: negligible Member of. CARICOM Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 DOMINICAN Atlantic DOMINICA Caribbean Sea 0 o Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 DOMINICA/DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECONOMY GDP: $21.0 million (1971 est.), $270 per capita; 8.8% increase in 1971, including price changes Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977), 260 kWh per capita Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1975); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $22 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles, cement Major trade partners: 47% U.K., 15% Commonwealth Caribbean countries, 7% U.S., 6% Canada (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars= US$1 (May 1975), now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 750 km total; 500 km paved, 250 km gravel and earth Ports: 2 minor (Roseau, Portsmouth) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft, leased in Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 1,472 m Telecommunications: 3,600 telephones in fully automatic network,(4.8 per 100 popl.); VHF and UHF link to St. Lucia; I AM and I TV station DOMINICAN REPUBLIC g Atlantic Ocean DOMINICAN PUBLIC Santa Domingo PUERTO UERT RICO VENEZUELA LAND 48,692 kmz; 14% cultivated, 4% fallow, 17% meadows and pastures, 45% forested, 20% built-on or waste Land boundaries: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 rim (fishing 200 rim); 200 rim exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 5,393,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective-Dominican Ethnic divisions: 73% mulatto, 16% white, 11% Negro Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 68% Labor force: 1.3 million; 73% agriculture, 8% industry, 19% services and other Organized labor: 12% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominican Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution National holiday: Independence Day, 27 February Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (91 seats) elected for 4-year terms; Supreme Court Government leader: President Joaquin Balaguer Suffrage: universal and compulsory o , ver age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: national, last election May 1974, next election May 1978 Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Francisco Pena Gomez, Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch; Democratic Quisqueyan Party (POD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Revolutionary Social Christian Party (PRSC), Rogelio Delgado Bogaert; Movement for National Conciliation (MNC), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Anti-reelection Movement of Democratic Integration (MIDA), Francisco Augusto Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Luis Julian Perez; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Homero Lajara Burgos; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary Movement (MR-1J4), split into several fac- tions, illegal; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), central committee, legalized in 1978; Dominican Popular Move- ment (MPD), illegal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, illegal; Com- munist Party of the Dominican Republic (PACOREDO), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal Voting strength (1974 election): 85% PR, 15% PDP, all other parties abstained Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/ECUADOR Communists: an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 members in six different factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differences and organizational inadequacies Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, 11313, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $4.4 billion (preliminary 1977), $870 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 3.3% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, to- bacco, rice, corn; imports rice; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1966) Major industries: sugar processing, nickel mining, bauxite mining, gold mining, textiles, cement Electric power: 662,000 kW capacity (1977); 2 billion kWh produced (1977), 400 kWh per capita Exports: $780 million (f.o.b., preliminary 1977); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, bauxite Imports: $848 million (f.o.b., prelim. 1977); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment Major trade partners: exports-81% U.S. (1977); im- ports-50% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-76), $250 million in grants, $278 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-76), $310 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY53-76), $40 million, mostly grant Budget: revenues, $584 million; expenditures, $555 million (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,600 km total; 104 km government-owned common-carrier 1.065-meter gage; 1,496 km privately owned plantation lines of 4 different gages ranging from 0.60 m to 1.43 m, 0.760-meter gage predominating Highways: 11,400 km total; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 69 km Ports: 5 major (Santo Domingo, Barahona, Haina, Las Calderas, San Pedro de Macoris), 17 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 52 total, 45 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio relay network; 127,000 telephones (2.6 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 31 FM, and 11 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,135,000; 718,000 fit for military service; 52,000 reach military age (18) annually ECUADOR LAND 274,540 kmz (including Galapagos Islands); 11% culti- vated, 8% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available) Land boundaries: 1,931 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,237 km (includes Galapagos Is.) PEOPLE Population: 7,549,000, excluding nomadic Indian tribes, (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Ecuadorean(s); adjective-Ecuador- ean Ethnic divisions: 40% mestizo, 40% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing) Language: Spanish, Quechua Literacy: 57% Labor force: 2 millioi, of which 56% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 7% commerce, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ecuador National holiday: Independence Day, 10 August Type: republic; under military regime since 1972 Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces including Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; progressive new constitution passed in January, 1978 referendum will come into effect following the inauguration of a new civilian Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 president before the end of 1978; legal education at 4 state and 2 private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 10 August Branches: Supreme Council of Government, made up of the three military chiefs, assumed power January 1976; judiciary system supervised by Supreme Court; six special tribunals established in July 1972 Government leader: President of Supreme Council Vice Admiral Alfredo Poveda Burbano Suffrage: universal for literates over age 18 Elections: presidential and municipal elections to he held 16 July 1978; will be followed by parliamentary elections approximately nine months later Political parties and leaders: Conservative Party, Sixto Antonio Durvan-Ballen, center right; Radical Liberal Party, Francisco Huerta Montalvo, center left; Concentration of Popular Forces, Assad Bucaram, Jaime Roldos, populist; Christian Democrats, Osvaldo Hurtado, center left; Demo- cratic Left, Rodrigo Borja, center left; National Velasquistas Front, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, personalistic Voting strength: in June 1968 national elections, Velas- quistas, a center-left coalition, and a rightist coalition each got approximately one-third Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro- Moscow, Pedro Saad-secretary-general) 500 members plus an estimated 3,000 sympathizers; Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE/ML, pro-Peking), 100 members; Revolution- ary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE), 200 members Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $5.7 billion (est. 1977), $795 per capita; 67% private consumption, 10% public consumption, 23% gross invest- ment; average annual real growth rate 1974-77, 9.6% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar- cane, cotton, corn, potatoes, rice; caloric intake, 1,970 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 233,400 metric tons (1975); exports $65 million (1977), imports negligible Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 552,000 kW capacity (1977); 2 billion kWh produced (1977), 260 kWh per capita Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum, bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar, fish products Imports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); agricultural and industrial machinery, wheat, petroleum products, chemical products, transportation and communication equipment Major trade partners: exports (1976)-41% U.S., 20% LAFTA, 10% EC; imports (1976)-40% U.S., 20% EC, 13% LAFTA Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $155 million loans, $138 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $439 million; from Communist countries (1967-76), $19.4 million loans; military-assistance from U.S. (FY49-76), $81 million Budget: (1977) revenues, $850 million; expenditures, $970 million Monetary conversion rate: 25 sucres=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,121 km total; 966 km 1.067-meter gage, 155 km 0.750-meter gage; all single track Highways: 22,250 km total; 3,300 km paved, 11,300 kin otherwise improved, 7,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,500 km Pipelines: crude oil, 623 km; refined products, 1,358 km Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar), 11 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 173 total, 173 usable; 16 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities adequate only in largest cities; I Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 174,000 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.); 250 AM, 38 FM, and 10 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,692,000; 1,103,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 78,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $114.2 million; about 17.5% of central government budget LAND 1,000,258 km2 (including 57,498 km2 occupied by Israel); 2.8% cultivated (of which about 70% multiple cropped); 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 0.7% inland water Land boundaries: 2,527 km (1967); approximately 2,580 km including border of occupied Sinai area (since September 1975) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 2,450 km (1967); includes approximately 500 km within occupied Sinai area (since September 1975) 56 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Elections: elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent October 1976); presidential elections every 6 years (most recent September 1976) Political parties and leaders: formation of political parties must be approved by government-controlled Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Communists: approximately 500, party members Member of: AAPSO, AFDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WPC, WSG PEOPLE Population: 39,890,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Egyptian(s); adjective-Egyptian or Arab Republic of Egypt Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other Language: Arabic official, English and French widely understood by educated classes Literacy: around 40% Labor force: 8 to 12 million; 45% to 50% agriculture, 10% industry, 10% trade and finance, 30% services and other; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 1 to 3 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956 Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 25 governorates Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; permanent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 23 July Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; People's Assembly gradually gaining power as political liberalization program is implemented; indepen- dent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leader: President Anwar Sadat Suffrage: universal over age 18 ECONOMY GNP: $14 billion (1976 est.), in current prices, $370 per capita; average annual growth rate of 6%-7% since 1974 Agriculture: main cash crop-cotton; other crops-rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-suffi- cient in food, but agriculture a net earner of foreign exchange Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 4,400,000 kW capacity (1977); 12 billion kWh produced (1977), 300 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: official rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$2.54 (selling rate); 0.394 Egyptian pound= US$1 (selling rate); parallel market rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$1.43, 0.699 Egyptian pound=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning in 1973 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,405 km total; 951 km double track; 25 km electrified; 4,858 km standard gage (1.435 m), 200 km meter gage (1.00 m), 347 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 47,275 km total; 12,650 km paved, 2,500 km gravel and crushed stone, 14,100 km improved earth, 18,025 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,360 km; Suez Canal, 160 km long, used by ocean-going vessels drawing up to 11.5 meters of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of metric ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-metric ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-metric ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-metric ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966)-242 million metric tons of which 175.6 million metric tons were POL Pipelines: crude oil, 675 km; refined products, 240 km; natural gas, 365 km Ports: 3 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez), 8 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft, including 4 leased in and 2 leased out Airfields: 100 total, 81 usable; 66 with permanent-surface runways; 43 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with runway over 3,660 in, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Telecommunications: second-largest system in Africa but inadequate for needs and poorly maintained; principal centers Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Man- surah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress; 500,000 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 22 AM, no FM, and 29 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; Symphonic satellite station; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,592,000; 5,603,000 fit for military service; about 384,000 reach military age (20) annually LAND 21,400 km2; 32% cropland (9% corn, 5% cotton, 7% coffee, 11% other), 26% meadows and pastures, 31% nonagricul- tural, 11% forested Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 307 km PEOPLE Population: 4,515,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Salvadoran(s); adjective-Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 84%-88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98% Language: Spanish Literacy: 50% literacy in urban areas, 30% in rural areas Labor force: 1,500,000 (est. 1977); 57% agriculture, 14% services, 14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation Organized labor: 5% of total labor force; 10% of nonagricultural labor force (1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of El Salvador Type: republic Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: traditionally dominant executive, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President Gen. Carlos Humberto Romero Mena Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every 5 years; presidential elections 1982, legisla- tive and municipal elections March 1980 Political parties and leaders: National Conciliation Party (PCN), President Arturo A. Molina, and replaced by Carlos Humberto Romero on 1 July; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Ramirez Rauda, Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alvergue, Jose Napoleon Duarte; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo Navarrete, Roberto Quinonez Meza, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal, Jorge Shafick Handal; National Revolution- ary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic Union Party (PUDN), Communist Front, Jorge Shafick Handal, Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Ernesto Contreras, Julio Castro Belloso; Independent Demo- cratic United Front (FUDI), Gen. Jose A. Medrano, Raul Salaverria Voting strength: February 1977 presidential election- PCN 66%, PDC, PUDN, and MNR coalition, 34%; March 1978 legislative election-PCN, 50 seats; PPS, 4 seats; all other opposition parties boycotted the election Communists: 220 to 225 active members; sympathizers, 5,000 Other political or pressure groups: the military; about 100 prominent families; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONS- TRANS), independent; Catholic Church; Salvadoran Na- tional Association of Educators (ANDES); National Associ- ation of Private Enterprise (ANEP); National Democratic Organization (ORDEN) 58 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 EL SALVADOR/EQUATORIAL GUINEA Member of: Central American Common Market (CACM), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, 11313, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.2 billion (1976), $510 per capita; 71% private consumption, 12% government consumption, 20% domestic investment; -3% net foreign balance and draw-down of stocks, real growth rate, 4.7% (1976) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1963-64) Fishing: catch 10,550 metric tons (1975); exports $6.0 million (1971), imports $0.8 million (1974) Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products Electric power: 557,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 295 kWh per capita Exports: $1,021 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $941 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, auto- motive vehicles, petroleum, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-33% U.S., 24% CACM, 11% other (1976); imports-29% U.S., 24% CACM, 7% Venezuela, 14% West Germany, 8% Netherlands, 40% other (1976) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-76), $104 million loans, $82 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $287 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $9.8 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY53-76), $16 million Budget: (1978) $500 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones=US$l (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 600 km 0.914-meter gage, single-tracked; Highways: 7,250 km total; 1,500 km paved, 1,300 km gravel 4,400 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 2 major (Acajutla, La Union), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 161 total, 153 usable; 5 with permanent- surfaced runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220=2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay sys- tem; connection into Central American microwave net; 54,200 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 60 AM, 9 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 969,000; 594,000 fit for military service; 46,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $42.2 million; 8.4% of central government budget EQUATORIAL GUINEA LAND 27,972 km2; Rio Muni, about 25,900 km2, largely forested; Fernando Po, about 2,072 km2 Land boundaries: 539 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 296 km PEOPLE Population: 336,000 (July 1978), this estimate does not take into account emigration from Equatorial Guinea during the last several years, average annual growth rate 1.8% (7-68 to 7-69); Rio Muni, 235,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-68 to 7-69); Fernando Po, 101,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Equatorial Guinean(s); adjective- Equatorial Guinean Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Province Francisco Macias Nguema primarily Bubi, some Fernan- dinos; of Rio Muni primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predomi- nantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish official language of government and business; also pidgin English, Fang Literacy: 12% (est.) Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Type: republic, one-party presidential regime since 1968 Capital: Malabo, Province Francisco Macias Nguema Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Province Francisco Macias Nguema and Rio Muni) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Legal system: based on Spanish Civil law system and customary law, new constitution adopted August 1973; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 5 March Branches: there are legislative and judicial branches but President exercises virtually unlimited power Government leader: President for life, Francisco Macias Nguema Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: parliamentary elections held December 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) is the sole legal party, led by President Macias Communists: no significant number of Communists or sympathizers Member of: Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GNP: $70 million (1972); $240 per capita Agriculture: major cash crops-Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa; main food products-rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: fishing, sawmilling Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1977); 17 million kWh produced (1977), 50 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1973); cocoa, coffee, and wood Imports: $21 million (1973); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles Major trade partner: Spain Aid: Spain, $14.0 million (1969); Libya, $1 million (1971); China $24 million (Economic) extended (1971) Budget: (1973) receipts $9 million, expenditures $12 million Monetary conversion rate: 64.47 Guinean pesetas=US$1 (official) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: Rio Muni-2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Fernando Po- 300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 167 km of year-round navigable waterway, used mostly by pirogues Ports: 2 major (Macias Nguema Biyogo, Rey Malabo), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (leased in) Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fairly adequate for the size and stage of development of the country; international commu- nications by radio from Bata and Malabo to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Spain; 1,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 2 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 77,000; 38,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $3,475,700; 14.3% of central government budget ETHIOPIA LAND 1,178,450 km2; 10% cropland and orchards, 55% meadows and natural pastures, 6% forests and woodlands, 29% wasteland, built-on areas, and other Land boundaries: 5,198 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; sedentary fisheries extends to limit of fisheries Coastline: 1,094 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 29,679,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Ethiopian(s); adjective-Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40%-45% Mus- lims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major foreign language taught in schools 60 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Literacy: about 5% Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi-government Organized labor: All Ethiopian Trade Union formed January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ethiopia Type: under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Capital: Addis Ababa Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations) Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution sus- pended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Popular Revolution Commemoration Day, 12 September Branches: effective power exercised by Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), a group estimated at 40-100 officers and enlisted men which operates on committee system; predominantly civilian cabinet is ineffec- tual and holds office at suffrance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either Government leader: Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile- Mariam, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administra- tive Council Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: union dwellers' association officials elected October-December 1976 Political parties and leaders: Common front of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist organizations, encompassing five quasi- official groups-All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Me'I Sone), Revolutionary Flame (Seded), and three less impor- tant ones Communists: Ethiopian Communist Party is a small group opposed to military government Other political or pressure groups: important dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), and Eritrean Liberation Front/Popular Liberation Forces in Eritrea; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), a radical left under- ground movement concentrated in Addis Ababa and made up predominantly of students and intellectuals; it has been severely reduced by a recent government eradication campaign; and Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU), primar ily an exile group, although it has made some inroads inside Ethiopia; several other dissident groups with ethnic or provincial bases of support Member of: AFDB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,650 million (1975), $90 per capita; average annual real growth rate 4% (1967-73), zero (1974 and in 1975) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, oilseeds; livestock Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery Electric power: 297,000 kW capacity (1977); 500 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $283 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee 55%, oilseeds 15%, pulses 10%, hides and skins 9%; $12.6 million to Communist countries (1976) Imports: $360 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and transportation equipment (34%), basic manufactures (25%), fuels (15%); in 1977 military material bulks large; $17.9 million from Communist countries Major trade partners: imports-Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany, Iran, U.K., France, and U.S.; exports-U.S., Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany Monetary conversion rate: 2.085 Ethiopian Birr=US$1 Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,014 km total; 676 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km 1.067-meter gage, 306 km 0.95-meter gage; all single track Highways: 10,895 km total; 3,229 km bituminous, 7,666 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized earth, remainder earth Inland waterways: 41 navigation possible on Lake Tana and on approx. 225 km of unconnected and basically unimproved waterways, of which only 114 km are navigable year round Ports: 2 major (Assab, Massawa) Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 190 total, 176 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 49 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system composed of open-wire lines, radiocommunication stations, and small number of multiconductor cable and radio-relay links; principal center Addis Ababa, secondary center Asmara; 73,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 4 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,366,000; 3,920,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 301,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 6 July 1977, $104,445,000; 14.7% of central government budget FALKLAND ISLANDS (Islas Malvinas)' CHILE ARGENTINA FALKLAND ,,~ ISLANDS LAND Colony-12,168 km2; area consists of some 200 small islands, chief of which are East Falkland (6,680 km2) and West Falkland (5,276 km2); dependencies-consists of the South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia, and the Shag and Clerke Rocks WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 2,000 (official estimate for 31 December 1977) .Nationality: noun-Falkland Islander(s); adjective-Falk- land island Ethnic divisions: almost totally British Religion: Predominantly Church of England Language: English Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14 Labor force: 1,100 (est.); est. over 95% in agriculture, mostly sheepherding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands Type: British crown colony Capital: Stanley ' The Possession of the Falkland Islands has been disputed by the U.K. and Argentina (which refers to them as the Islas Malvinas) since 1833. Political subdivisions: local government is capital Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief Ernest G. Lewis (also High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony) Suffrage: universal ECONOMY Government budget: Colony-revenues, $1.0 million (FY68); expenditures, $1.1 million (FY68) Agriculture: Colony-predominantly sheep farming, de- pendencies-whaling and sealing Major industries: Colony-wool processing; depend- encies-whale and seal processing Electric power: 1,250 kW capacity (1977); 2.5 million kWh produced (1977), 1,150 kWh per capita Exports: Colony-$2.28 million (1969); wool, hides and skins, and other; dependencies-no exports in 1968 or 1969 Imports: Colony-$1.22 million (1969); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery; dependencies-$8,368 (1969); mineral fuels and lubricants, food, and machinery Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K. Monetary conversion rate: 1 Falkland island pound = US$2.60 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 35 km total; 16 km paved, 19 km gravel, and earth; no other made-up roads in the islands beyond the immediate vicinity of Stanley Ports: 1 major (Port Stanley), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable airfield, 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: government-operated and radio- telephone networks providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approximately 650 telephones (est. 30 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station FAROE ISLANDS LAND 1,340 km2; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets 62 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 FAROS ISLANDS Atlantic Ocean Norwegian Sea North Sea ISLANDS /FIJI Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakun Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus Voting strength (1975 election): Social Democratic 25.8%, Republican 22.5%, Peoples 20.5%, Union 19.1%, Home Rule 7.2%, Progressive 2.5% Communists: insignificant number Member of: Nordic Council NITED p UDM WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; fishing 200 nm Coastline: 764 km PEOPLE Population: 42,000 (July rate 1.4% (1-75 to 1-77) 1978), average annual Nationality: noun-Faroese Faroese (sing., pl.); Ethnic divisions: homogeneous ion: Evangelical Lutheran li R g e Languages: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Literacy: 99% Labor force: 15,000; largely engaged in fishing, manufac- turing, transportation, and commerce GOVERNMENT Legal name: Faroe Islands Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commissioner, and provin- cial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly Faroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible to provincial parliament Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime ter, Atli Dam; Danish Governor, Leif Groth Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over Elections: held every 4 years; (coincides with Danish elections) ECONOMY GDP: $173.4 million (1974), about $3,650 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing Fishing: catch 285,100 metric tons (1975); exports, $77.4 million (1975) Major industry: fishing Electric power: 28,500 kW capacity (1977); 90 million kWh produced (1977), 2,150 kWh per capita Exports: $80.7 million (f.o.b., 1975); mostly fish and fish products Imports: $113.3 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: 46.6% Denmark, 12.3% Norway, 8.0% U.K., 6.2% U.S. (1975) Budget: (FY76) expenditures $52.8 million, revenues $52.8 million Monetary conversion rate: 6.0031 Danish Kroner=US$l (1977, average) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 .March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 1 minor Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway, less than 1,220 m Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: good international communica- tions; fair domestic facilities; 15,000 telephones (35 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, and 3 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark FIJI LAND 18,272 km'; landownership-83.6% Fijians, 1.7% Indians, 6.4% government, 7.2% European, 1.1% other; about 30% of land area is suitable for farming WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,129 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PAPUt ?'"tA Pacific Ocean PEOPLE Population: 610,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Fijian(s); adjective-Fijian Ethnic divisions: 42% Fijian, 50% Indian, 8% European, Chinese and others Religion: Fijians mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority Language: English and Fijian (official), Hindustani spoken among Indians Literacy: over 80% Labor force: 95,000; over 50% in agriculture, no breakdown on remainder Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into 22 unions; unions organized along lines of work, breakdown by ethnic origin causes further fragmentation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of Fiji Type: independent state within Commonwealth; Eliza- beth II recognized as head of state Capital: Suva Political subdivisions: 14 provinces Legal system: based on British National holiday: 10 October Branches: executive-Prime Minister; legislative- 52-member House of Representatives; Alliance Party 36 seats, National Federation Party 15 seats; 1 independent Government leader: Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier, last held September 1977 Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by Jai Ram Reddy Communists: few, no figures available Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ISO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $644 million (1975), $1,130 per capita; 5.8% real growth rate (1971-75) Agriculture: main crops-sugar, coconut products, ba- nanas, rice; major deficiency, grains Major industries: sugar processing, tourism Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1977); 270 million kWh produced (1977), 450 kWh per capita Exports: $144 million (f.o.b., 1976, including reexports); 70% sugar, 11% coconut oil, 9% gold Imports: $245 million (f.o.b., 1976); 20% manufactured goods, 19% food, 16% machinery (1974) Major trade partners: exports-38% U.K., 31 % U.S., 11 % Australia; imports-30% Australia, 18% Japan, 11% New Zealand, 4% U.S. (1974) Aid: disbursed 1968-Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $0.6 million, U.K. $4.2 million Budget: (FY75) revenues $107 million, expenditures $129 million Monetary conversion rate: Fijian dollar=US$1.1544 (January 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 644 km narrow gage (0.610 m); owned by Fiji Sugar Corp., Ltd. Highways: 3,205 km total (1976); 307 km paved, 2,676 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 222 unimproved earth Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric ton barges Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-pur- pose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between U.S./Canada and New Zealand/Australia, et al.; 30,700 telephones (5.3 per 100 pop].); 6 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; I ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 153,000; 84,000 fit for military service; 6,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: the defense of the Fiji Islands was the responsibility of the U.K. until 10 October 1970; military budget for 1971, $314,000 64 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts, 193 lower courts Government leader: President Urho K. Kekkonen; Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1979); presidential, every 6 years (President Kekkonen reelected to 6-year term in January 1978) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Rafael Paasio; Center, Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Ele Alenius; Conservative, Harri Holker; Liberal, Pekka Tarjanne; Swedish Peoples Party, Kristan Gestrin; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Finnish People's Unity Party, Eino Haikala; Communist, Aarne Saarinen Voting strength (1978 election): 23.3% Social Democratic, 19.5% Center, 18.2% People's Democratic League, 14.7% Unionist, 8.8% Christian League, 4.7% Finnish Rural Party, 3.6% Swedish Peoples, 3.4% Constitutional Peoples, 2.9% Liberal Peoples, 0.8% Finnish Peoples Unity Party, 0.1% Socialist Workers' Party Communists: 43,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples Democratic League; a further number of sympathizers, as indicated by 438,757 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1975 elections Member of: ADB, CEMA (special cooperation agree- ment), DAC, EC (free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG LAND 336,700 km2; 8% arable, 58% forested, 34% other Land boundaries: 2,534 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm; fishing 12 nm; Aaland Islands, 3 nm Coastline: 1,126 km (approx.) excludes islands and coastal indentations PEOPLE Population: 4,748,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.2% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Finn(s); adjective-Finnish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.2 million; 16.6% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 26.4% mining and manufacturing, 8.4% construc- tion, 15.4% commerce, 6.8% transportation and communica- tions, 4.0% banking and finance, 20.1% services; 6.1% (136,000) unemployed 1977 annual coverage Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Finland Type: republic Capital: Helsinki Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 communes, 78 towns ECONOMY GNP: $27 billion (1977), $5,689 per capita; 51.6% consumption, 26.0% investment, 19.9% government; -2% net exports of goods and services; 1976 growth rate -0.6%, constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, pre- dominates; forestry important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops-cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages-food and fodder grains; caloric intake 2,940 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining 65 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore Crude steel: 1.7 million metric tons produced (1976), 358 kg per capita Electric power: 8,703,000 kW capacity (1977); 31.9 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,735 kWh per capita Exports: $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 1977); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $7.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics Major trade partners: (1976) 37% EC-nine (13% West Germany, 11% U.K.); 19% U.S.S.R., 16% Sweden; 5% U.S. Aid: economic authorizations-U.S. $64 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1976) expenditures $8.4 billion, revenues $7.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: new markka (Fmk) 4.03=US$1 (1976 trade conversion factor, IMF) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,038 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total 6,010 km 1.524-meter gage, 477 km multiple track, and 395 km electrified; 22 km 0.750-meter gage and 6 km 1.524-meter gage are privately owned Highways: about 73,552 km total in national classified net work, including 31,000 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous surface treated) and 42,552 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 29,440 km of private (state subsidized) roads Inland waterways: 6,597 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers; Saimaa Canal locks (84 in by 13.2 in with a 5.2 m depth over sill) can accommodate vessels of up to 82 in in length, 11.8 m beam, 4.4 m draft, and 24.5 in mast height Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km Ports: 11 major, 14 minor Civil air: 40 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased out Airfields: 112 total, 111 usable; 36 with permanent- surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 1.94 million telephones (40.9 per 100 popl.); 15 AM, 40 FM, and 76 TV stations; 4 submarine cables, including I coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,217,000; 974,000 fit for military service; 39,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $514.8 million; about 5.5% of central government budget LAND 551,670 km'; 35% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested Land boundaries: 2,888 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,427 km (includes Corsica, 644 km) PEOPLE Population: 53,446,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Frenchman (men); adjective- French Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declin- ing regional patois-Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish Literacy: 97% Labor force: 22 million (est. in mid-1976); 47% services, 38% industry, 11% agriculture, 4% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 17% of labor force, 23% of salaried labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: French Type: republic, with Capital: Paris Republic president Political subdivisions: 96 metropolitan departments, 21 regional economic districts Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning elec- 66 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 tion of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law National holiday: National Day, 14 July Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature-National Assem- bly (491 members), Senate (295 members) restricted to a delaying action; judiciary independent in principle Government leader: President Valery Giscard d'Estaing Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compulsory Elections: National Assembly-every 5 years, last election March 1978, direct universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senate- indirect collegiate system for 9 years, renewable by one-third every 3 years, last election September 1977; President, direct, universal suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Majority Coalition-Rally for the Republic (RPR, formerly UDR), Jacques Chirac; Republicans (PR), Jacques Blanc; Center for Social Demo- crats (CDS), Jean Lecanuet; Radical Socialist (RS), Jean- Jacques Servan-Schreiber; Union for French Democracy (federation of PR, CDS, and RS), Jean Lecanuet; Left Opposition-Socialist Party (PS), Francois Mitterrand; Com- munist Party (PCF), Georges Marchais; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Robert Fabre; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Mousel Voting strength (first ballot, 1978 election): extreme left, 3.3%; Communist, 21.25%; Socialist, 23.03%; left Radicals 2.28%; RPR, 22.19%; UDF, 21.39%; divided right, 1.68%; other 4.87% Communists: 600,000 claimed; Communist voters, 5 million average Other political or pressure groups: Communist-con- trolled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail- CFDT) about 800,000 members est.; Independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) about 800,000 members est.; Independent white collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 200,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais- CNPF or Patronat) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, South Pacific Commission, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $347 billion (1976), $6,547 per capita; 63.9% private consumption, 22.9% investment (including government), 13.2% government consumption; 1976 real growth rate, 5.2%; average annual growth rate, 5.2% (1965-75) Agriculture: Western Europe's foremost producer; main products-beef, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone foodstuffs; food shortages-fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake, 3,270 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 691,394 metric tons (1976); exports (includes shellfish, etc.) $122 million, imports $506 million (1976) Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy, aircraft, motor vehicles Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils Crude steel: 22.1 million metric tons produced (1977), 440 kg per capita Electric power: 54,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 210 billion kWh produced (1977), 3,940 kWh per capita Exports: $65.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, agri- cultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals Imports: $67.4 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- crude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel products, foodstuffs, agricultural products Major trade partners: 18% West Germany; 9% Belgium- Luxembourg; 10% Italy; 6% U.S.; 5% Netherlands; 6% U.K.; 2% Eastern Europe; 2% U.S.S.R.; 8% Franc Zone (1977) Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $13,384 million (1970-76) Budget: (1976) expenditures 346 billion francs, revenues 329 billion francs, deficit 17 billion francs Monetary conversion rate: I franc=US$0.2035 (1977 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 36,810 km total; French National Railways (SNCF) operates 34,717 km standard gage (1.435 m); 9,374 km electrified, 15,630 km double or multiple track; 2,093 km of various gages (1,000 in to 1,445 m), privately owned and operated Highways: 788,580 km total; 128,745 km bitumen and concrete (incl. 2,415 km of controlled access, divided "AUTOROUTES"); 339,315 km bituminous treated; 301,000 km crushed stone and gravel; 19,520 km improved earth; in addition, there are approximately 700,065 km of local farm and forest roads Inland waterways: 14,912 km; 5,604 km heavily traveled Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Pipelines: crude oil, 2,253 km; refined products, 4,344 km; natural gas, 22,047 km Ports: 23 major, 165 minor Civil air: 317 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in and 3 leased out Airfields: 453 total, 434 usable; 221 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 122 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broad- cast services; 15.5 million telephones (29.3 per 100 pop].); 55 AM, 94 FM, and 1,500 TV stations; 22 submarine cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with 4 Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Indian Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,888,000; fit for military service 10,398,000; 425,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $13.9 billion; about 18% of central government budget FRENCH GUIANA LAND 90,909 km2; 90% forested, 10% wasteland, built-on, inland water and other, of which .05% is cultivated and pasture Land boundaries: 1,183 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 378 km PEOPLE Population: 60,000 (July 1978), annual growth rate 2.2% (10-74 to 11-77) Nationality: noun-French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-French Guiana Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian, 10,000 East Indian, Chinese Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: French Literacy: 73% Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construc- tion 21 %, agriculture 18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable Organized labor: 7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of French Guiana Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate; Deputy Hector Rivierez reelected to National Assembly 12 March 1978 Capital: Cayenne Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive: popularly elected 16-member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseiller Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections normally are held every 5 years; last election March 1976; local elections last held March 1977 Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder, Senator; Union du Peuple Guyanaise (UPG), weak leftist allied with, but also reported, to have been absorbed by the PSG; Rassemblement Pour La Republique (RPR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly Communists: Communist party membership negligible ECONOMY GNP: $40 million (at market prices, 1970), $800 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugarcane Fishing: catch 933 metric tons (1975); exports $0.6 million (1974); imports $2.2 million (1971) Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence, and space center Electric power: 29,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 985 kWh per capita 68 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 FRENCH GUIANA/FRENCH POLYNESIA Exports: $5 million (f.o.b., 1973); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence Imports: $56 million (c.i.f., 1973); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-78% U.S., 11% France, 5% Martinique; imports-49% France, 10% U.S., 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1969) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 32 km private plantation line, 0.600-meter gage Highways: 500 km total; 425 km paved, 75 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small ocean- going vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: limited open-wire and radio-relay system with about 8,906 telephones (17.8 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,000; 9,000 fit for military service FRENCH POLYNESIA LAND About 4,000 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 2,525 km PEOPLE Population: 141,000 (July 1978), annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-French Polynesian(s); adjective- French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chinese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of French Polynesia Type: overseas territory of France, administered by French Ministry for Overseas Territories Capital: Papeete CHRISTMAS IS. FRENCH POLYNESIA Political subdivisions: 5 districts Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Branches: 33-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5-member Council of Government, elected by Assembly; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, also one Senator Government leader: Charles Schmitt, Governor, ap- pointed by French government Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years, May 1977 Political parties and leaders: Le Front Uni, autonomist coalition, Francis Sanford; Tahoeraa Hairaatira, conservative Gaullist, Gaston Flosse Voting strength (1977 election): Le Front Uni, 14 seats; Tahoerra Huiraatira, 10 seats; Independents, 9 seats ECONOMY GDP: $259 million (1970) $1,960 per capita (1971) Agriculture: coconut main crop Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism Electric power: 36,000 kW capacity (1977); 105 million kWh produced (1977), 740 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1978); principal products-coconut products (79%), mother-of-pearl (14%) (1971) Imports: $211 million (1973) Major trade partners: imports-59% France, 14% U.S.; exports-86% France Aid: France $16 million (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 100 CFP=INZ$ (1971) COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 3,700 km, all types Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Airfields: 28 total, 28 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Civil air: about 3 major transport aircraft Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 FRENCH POLYNESIA/GABON Telecommunications: 14,700 telephones (11.3 per 100 popl.); 72,000 radio and 14,000 TV sets; 5 AM, 2 FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of France. NIGERIA 1 EQUATORIAL GUINEA ?- LibrevillE GABON Atlantic Ocean LAND 264,180 km'; 75% forested, 15% savanna, 9% urban and wasteland, less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 2,422 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 100 nm; fishing, 150 nm Coastline: 885 km PEOPLE Population: 571,000 (July rate 1.7% (7-66 to 7-70) Nationality: noun-Gabonese Gabonese Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Mbede, Okande); about 100,000 expatriate Africans and Europeans, including 30,000 French Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang is a major vernacular language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 280,000 of earners in the modern sector Organized labor: less than 30% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gabonese Republic Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964 Capital: Libreville Political subdivisions: 9 provinces subdivided into 36 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted National holiday: 17 August Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for 7-year term; unicameral 70-member National Assembly has limited powers; judiciary Government leader: President Omar Bongo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held February 1973 Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party Communists: no organized party; probably some Com- munist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPEC, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,605 million (1975), $2,960 per capita; 36% growth (1973-75) Agriculture: commercial-cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops-bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food Fishing: catch 6,056 metric tons (1975) Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petro- leum refinery, natural gas, agricultural processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals-manganese, uran- ium, gold, and iron Electric power: 125,400 kW capacity (1977); 376 million kWh produced (1977), 665 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); crude petroleum, wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concen- trates, gold) Imports: $800 million (f.o.b. UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equipment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone Budget: 1975 est.-receipts $630 million, current expend- itures $184 million, investment expenditures $446 million Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 GABON/THE GAMBIA Monetary conversion rate: 242.69 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,878 km total; 342 km paved, 5,636 km gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable Pipelines: crude oil, 129 km Ports: 3 major (Libreville, Port-Gentil, Owendo), 2 minor Civil air: 29 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in and 2 leased out Airfields: 163 total, 102 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 5 AM, no FM, and 3 TV stations; 7,000 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 135,000; 69,000 fit for military service; 6,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $52,627,100; 5.1% of central government budget THE GAMBIA THE Baniul LAND 10,360 km2; 25% uncultivated savanna, 16% swamps, 4% forest parks, 55% upland cultivable areas, built-up areas, etc. Land boundaries: 740 km WATER Limits of territorial waters Coastline: 80 km PEOPLE Population: 568,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Gambian(s); adjective-Gambian Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Mandinka 40.8%, Fulani 13.5%, Wolof 12.9%, remainder made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 85% Muslim, 15% animist and Christian Language: English official; Mandinka and Wolof most widely used vernaculars Literacy: about 10% Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsis- tence farming; about 15,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services) Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of The Gambia Type: republic; independent since February 1965 Capital: Banjul Political subdivisions: Banjul and 5 divisions Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independ- ence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 18 February Branches: cabinet of 10 members; 44-member House of Representatives, in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs, 4 are appointed, 35 are filled by election for 5-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an appointed member; independent judiciary Government leader: Alhadii Sir Dawda K. Jawara, President Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary General Dawda K. Jawara, United Party (UP), John Forster, and National Convention Party, Sherrif Dibba Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general elections held April 1977; PPP 29 seats, NCP 5 seats, UP 1 seat Communists: insignificant number Member of: AFBD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IMF, NAM, OAU, U.N., WHO ECONOMY GNP: $115 million (FY76-77 est.), about $200 per capita Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, rice, palm kernels Fishing: catch 10,795 metric tons (1975); exports $956,000 (1974) Major industry: peanut processing Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1977); 30 million kWh produced (1977), 55 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 THE GAMBIA/GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Exports: $55 million (FY77 est.); peanuts and products 90% to 95%, palm kernels Imports: $76.6 million (FY77 est.); textiles, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products Major trade partners: ports-U.K. and Japan Aid: economic-U.K. (1968-71), about $8 million commit- ment; U.S. (FY56-76), $10.6 million; other international organizations (FY62-75), $10.8 million Budget: (FY77 est.) current expenditures $25 million, receipts $30 million; development expenditures $14 million, development receipts $7.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Dalasi = US$0.45 (November 1977) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,858 km total; 190 km bituminous-surface treated, 1,330 km gravel/laterite, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 605 km Ports: 1 major (Banjul) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station (non-operational) Telecommunications: adequate network of radio-relay; 2,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 127,000; 63,000 fit for military service GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LAND 108,262 km2; 43% arable, 15% meadows and pasture, 27% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 2,309 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 901 km (including islands) PEOPLE Population: 16,775,000, including East Berlin (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, .3% Slavic and other Religion: 53% Protestant, 8% Roman Catholic, 39% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 8.2 million; 34.1% industry; 4.7% handi- crafts; 6.8% construction; 11.9% agriculture; 6.8% transport and communications; 10.1% commerce; 16.8% services; 2.5% other Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: German Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin) Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,643 communities (Gemeinden) Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968, amended in 1974 National holiday: Foundation of German Democratic Republic, 7 October Branches: legislative-Volkskammer (elected directly); executive-Chairman of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (approved by Volkskammer); judiciary-Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party Government leaders: Chairman, Council of State, Erich Honecker (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers, Willi Stoph (Head of Government) Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over Elections: national every 5 years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary elections held 17 October 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Commu- nist) Party (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasant's Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front Voting strength: 1976 parliamentary elections: 99.86% voted the regime slate; 1970 local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate Communists: 1.9 million party members Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated) Member of: CEMA, ICES, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $69.2 billion in 1977 (1976 prices), $4,130 per capita; 1977 growth rate 4.0% Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats, industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (71) Fish catch: 279,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, and shipbuilding Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals Crude steel: 7.00 million metric tons produced (1977, preliminary estimate), approx. 420 kg per capita Electric power: 18,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 92 billion kWh produced (1977), 5,500 kWh per capita Exports: $11,361 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1976) Imports: $13,196 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1976) Major trade partners: $25,200 million (1976); 65% Communist countries, 35% non-Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 3.48 DME=US$1 for trade data (1976 rate) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,306 km total; 13,975 km standard gage (1.435 m), 331 km meter (1.00 m) or other narrow gage, 2,960 km double track standard gage (1.435 m); 1,508 km overhead electrified (1976) Highways: 127,530 km total; 47,530 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,679 are autobahn and limited access roads; over 80,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1976) Inland waterways: 2,546 km (1978) Freight carried: rail-295.7 million metric tons, 51.7 billion metric ton/km (1976); highway-670.3 million metric tons, 18.4 billion metric ton/km (1976); waterway- 140.0 million metric tons, 2.0 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,075 km; refined products, 350 km; natural gas 483 km Ports: 4 major (Rostock, minor (1978) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 11.6 billion marks; about 8.9% of total budget GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF LAND 248,640 km2 (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 4,232 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 61,474,000, including West Berlin (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other Religion: 48.9% Protestant, 44.7% Roman Catholic, 7.7% other (as of 1975) Language: German Literacy: 99% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Labor force: 26.7 million; 42.9% in manufacturing and construction, 18.0% services, 12% commerce, 9.9% govern- ment, 6.3% agriculture, 5.9% communication and transpor- tation, 1% mining; 4.2% average unemployed as of 1977, excluding self employed Organized labor: 32.6% of total labor force; 41.4% of wage and salary earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Germany Type: federal republic Capital: Bonn Political subdivisions: 10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by U.S., U.K., and France which, together with the U.S.S.R., have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament-Bundesrat (upper house), Bundestag (lower house); President (titular head of state), Chancellor (executive head of government); independent judiciary Government leaders: President, Walter Scheel; Chancel- lor, Helmut Schmidt leads coalition of Social Democrats and Free Democrats Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: next national election scheduled for fall of 1980 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU), Helmut Kohl, Franz-Josef Strauss, Karl Carstens, Kurt Biedenkopf; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans Koschnick, Helmut Schmidt; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Hans-Die- trich Genscher, Hans Friderichs, Wolfgang Mischnick; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies Voting strength (1976 election): 42.6% SPD, 48.6% CDU/CSU, 7.9% FDP, 0.9% Splinter groups of left and right (no parliamentary representation) Communists: about 40,000 members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $514 billion (1977), $8,361 per capita (including West Berlin) (1976); 55% consumption, 21% investment, 21% government consumption (does not include total government spending); net foreign balance 2%; average annual growth rate 1966-77, 3.4% in constant 1970 prices Agriculture: main crops-grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats and oils, pulses, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,984 calories per day per capita (1973-74) Fishing: catch 387,000 metric tons, $155 million (1977); exports $130 million, imports $352 million (1977) Major industries: among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles Shortages: fats and oils, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur Crude steel: 60 million metric tons capacity; 38.9 million metric tons produced (1977); 632 kg per capita Electric power: 78,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 370 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,014 kWh per capita Exports: $141 billion (f.o.b., 1977); manufactures 90.9% (machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.3%, fuels 2.1%, raw materials 1.7% Imports: $130 billion (c.i.f., 1977); manufactures 60.2%, fuels 8.1%, agricultural products 16.7%, raw materials 15.0% Major trade partners: EC 46.6% (France 12.0%, Nether- lands 11.6%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8.2%, Italy 7.8%); other Europe 12.7%; OPEC 9.6%; Communist economic 5.5%; U.S. 7.0% Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $11,659 million (1970-76) Budget: (1977) expenditures $73.8 billion, revenues $64.1 billion, deficit $9.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: DM 2.32 (West German marks)=US$1 (1977 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 33,453 km total; 29,032 km government- owned, standard gage (1.435 m), 12,491 km double track; 9,760 km electrified; 4,421 km non-government owned; 3,997 km standard gage (1.435 m); 214 km electrified; 424 km meter gage (1.00 m); 186 km electrified Highways: 398,720 km total; 161,400 km classified, includes 153,160 km cement-concrete, bituminous, or stone block (includes 5,792 km of autobahnen); 8,240 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth; in addition, 237,320 km of unclassified roads of various surface types Inland waterways: 5,222 km of which almost 70% usable by craft of 990 metric-ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil, 1,931 km; refined products, 1,942 km; natural gas, 95,414 km Ports: 10 major, 11 minor Civil air: 176 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased out) Airfields: 432 total, 388 usable; 211 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 33 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 40 with runways 1,220-2,439 m 74 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF/GHANA Telecommunications: highly developed, modern tele- communication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 21.2 million telephones (34.4 per 100 popl.); 90 AM, 129 FM, and 2,350 TV stations; 6 submarine cables; satellite station with 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas, and symphonic antenna DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,775,000; 12,378,000 fit for military service; 496,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $16,863 million; about 18% of the central government budget GHANA Golf of Guinea LAND 238,280 km2; 19% agricultural, 60% forest and brush, 21% other Land boundaries: 2,2$5 km WATER Coastline: 539 km Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm PEOPLE Population: 11,366,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Ghanaian(s); adjective-Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: 99.8% Negroid African (major tribes Ashanti, Fante, Ewe), 0.2% European and other Religion: 45% animists, 43% Christian, 12% Muslim Language: English official; African languages include Akan 44%, Mole-Dagbani 16%, Ewe 13%, and Ga-Adangbe 8% Literacy: about 25% (in English) Labor force: 3.4 million; 61% agriculture and fishing, 16.8% industry, 15.2% sales and clerical, 4.1% services, transportation, and communications, 2.9% professional; 400,000 unemployed Organized labor: 350,000 or force approximately 10% of labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ghana Type: republic; independent since March 1957; Military regime since January 1972 Capital: Accra Political subdivisions: 8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution suspended January 1972; legal education at University of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 March Branches: executive and legislative authority vested in Supreme Military Council (SMC); independent judiciary Government leaders: Chief of State, Chairman of SMC General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong Suffrage: universal over 21 under previous constitution, now suspended Elections: no elections since 1969; the military has promised to return power to an elected civilian regime in June 1979; a commission was appointed in April 1978 to draft a new constitution by October 1978 which is then to be reviewed by a constituent assembly Political parties and leaders: parties banned by military junta which took power 13 January 1972 Communists: a small number of Communists and sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $8 billion (1976 est.) at current prices, about $390 per capita; real growth rate less than 1% (1970-77) Agriculture: main crop-cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, sorghum and millet, peanuts; not self-sufficient, but can become so Fishing: catch 200,000 metric tons (1976 est.) Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufactur- ing, fishing, aluminum Electric power: 1,157,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.0 billion kWh produced (1977), 370 kWh per capita Exports: $766 million (f.o.b., 1976); cocoa (about 70%), wood, gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, and aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance of payments data) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Imports: $466 million (f.o.b., 1976); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., EC, and U.S. Budget: FY78 (proposed)-revenue $1,619 million includ- ing grants, current expenditure $1,570 million, capital expenditure $487 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cedi=US$0.87 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 953 km, all 1.067-meter gage; 32 km double track; diesel locomotives gradually replacing steam engines Highways: 34,447 km total; 5,260 km concrete or bituminous surface, 19,945 km gravel or laterite, 9,242 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 235 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; additional routes navigable seasonally by small craft; Lake Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: refined products, 3 km Ports: 2 major (Tema, Takoradi), 1 naval base (Sekondi), 4 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 19 total, 18 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open-wire and cable, radio-relay links and radiocommunication stations; 66,000 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, no FM, and 8 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,375,000; 1,309,000 fit for military service; 108,000 reach military age (18) annually GIBRALTAR LAND 6.5 km2 Land boundaries: WATER Limits of Coastline: territorial waters 12 km (claimed): 3 nm PEOPLE Population: 30,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1977) Nationality: noun-Gibraltarian; adjective-Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portu- guese and Spanish descent Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes Literacy: illiteracy is negligible Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non-Gibraltarian laborers Organized labor: over 6,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Gibraltar Type: U.K. colony Capital: none Legal system: English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral enquiry Branches: Parliamentary system comprised of the Gibral- tar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown Government leaders: Governor and Commander in Chief, Marshall of the RAF Sir John Grandy, Chief Minister, Sir Joshua Hassan Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other U.K. subjects resident 6 months or more Elections: every 5 years; last held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Labor, Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Movement, Joe Boscano Voting strengths: (September 1976) Labor, 8 seats; Democratic Movement, 4 seats; independents, 3 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: the Housewives Association; the Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Repre- sentatives Organization ECONOMY Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year. 76 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 U.K. military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force; local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance. Electric power: 40,000 kW capacity (1977); 80 million kWh produced (1977), 2,670 kWh per capita Exports: $23.87 million (1975-76), at exchange rate of 1 pound=US$2.22; principally rexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine; 13% to U.K. Imports: $60.0 million (1975-76), at exchange rate of 1 pound=US$2.22; 60% from U.K. Major trade partners: U.K., Morocco, Portugal, Nether- lands Budget: (1975-76) revenue, $26.22 million; expenditure $22.91 million, at exchange rate of 1 pound=US$2.22 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Gibraltar pound= US$1.8062 (1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 56 km, mostly paved Ports: 1 major (Gibraltar) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 permanent-surface runway, 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 8,100 tele- phones (27.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 6,000; about 3,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom GILBERT ISLANDS NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the new colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert Islands. The islands that comprise the Gilbert Islands Colony are the Gilbert Islands; Fanning Atoll and Washington Island in the Line Islands; Ocean Island; and those islands claimed by the United States: Caroline, Christmas, Flint, Malden, Starbuck, and Vostok in the Line Islands; and Birnie, Gardner, Hull, McKean, Phoenix, and Sydney in the Phoenix Islands. LAND About 684 km' UPEA GILBERT ISLANDS UNITED' STATES WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 1,143 km PEOPLE Population: 52,000 (preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973) Nationality: noun-Gilbertese or Gilbert Islander(s); adjective-Gilbertese, or Gilbert Islander Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religion: Catholic Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gilbert Islands Type: British crown colony with large measure of self-government Capital: Tarawa Branches: 36-member House of Assembly elects a Chief Minister Government leader: Governor John H. Smith; Chief Minister, leremia Tabia Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $740 per capita (1974) Agriculture: copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domestic fishing Industry: phosphate production, expected to cease in 1978 Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1977); 45 million kWh produced (1977), 865 kWh per capita Exports: $8.6 million (1970 est.); 70% phosphate, copra Imports: $3.1 million (1970 est.); foodstuffs, fuel Budget: (est.) revenue 5.877 million NZ$, expenditure 4.577 million NZ$ Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Australian$=US$1 March 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 483 km of motorable roads Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Northern Line Islands Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: 1 AM broadcast station; 250 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); connected with Lisbon, Portugal, via cable broadcasts Black Sea ti ? CYPRUS Mediterranean Sea LAND 132,608 km'; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other Land boundaries: 1,191 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 13,676 km PEOPLE Population: 9,309,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.6% (7-66 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Greek(s); adjective-Greek Ethnic divisions: 96% Greek, 2% Turkish, 2% other Religion: 97% Greek Orthodox, 2.5% Muslim, 0.5% other Language: Greek; English and French widely understood Literacy: males about 92%; females about 73%; total about 82% Labor force: 3,400,000 (1975 est.); 40.5% agriculture, 25.6% industry, 33.7% services; unemployment 3%, but there is substantial underemployment in agriculture Organized labor: 20% of labor force est. GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hellenic Republic Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum December 8, 1974 Capital: Athens Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition (Thessaloniki and other areas exercise considerable tradi- tional autonomy in local administrative decisions) and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975 National holiday: Independence Day, 25 March Branches: executive consisting of a President (to be elected by Parliament) and a Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative comprising the 300-member Parliament; inde- pendent judiciary Government leaders: President Constantine Tsatsos; Prime Minister Constantine Caramanlis Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years; the government called for new elections on 20 November 1977 and was returned to power, albeit with a reduced majority Political parties and leaders: Union of the Democratic Center, George Mavros; New Democracy, Constantine Caramanlis; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; Communist Party-Exterior, Harilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior, Haralambos Drakopoulos; and the United Democratic Left, Ilias Iliou; Socialist Initiative, George Mangakis; Socialist March; Christian Democracy; Nationalist Camp, Stephanos Stephanopoulos Voting strength: New Democracy, 172 seats; Union of the Democratic Center, 15 seats; Panhellenic Socialist Move- ment, 93 seats; Communists, 11 seats; Left Alliance, 2 seats; National Camp, 5 seats; New Liberals, 2 seats Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), EIB (associate), EMA, GATT, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $22.9 billion (1976 est.), $2,500 per capita; 67.2% consumption, 21.3% investment, 15.2% government; 2.7% change in stocks; net foreign balance -6.4%; real growth rate 5.9% (1976); typical real growth rate averages 7.5% 78 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Agriculture: subject to droughts; main crops-wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food short- ages-livestock products; caloric intake, 2,960 calories per day per capita (1963) Major industries: food processing, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, petroleum refining, aluminum processing Shortages: petroleum, minerals, feed grains Crude steel: 899,750 metric tons produced (1976), 100 kg per capita Electric power: 5,400,000 kW capacity (1977); 20.0 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,165 kWh per capita Exports: $2,565 million (f.o.b., 1976); principal items- tobacco, cotton, fruits, textiles Imports: $6,064 million (c.i.f., 1976); principal items- machinery and automotive equipment, manufactured con- sumer goods, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, meat and live animals Major trade partners: (1976)-41.6% EC, 9.2% CEMA countries, 8.0% other European countries, 16.6% U.S. Aid: economic (authorized)-U.S., $139 million (FY70-76); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $649 million (1970-76); military-U.S., $672 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1977) expenditures $6,500 million, revenues $6,500 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 drachma=US$0.027 (1976 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,476 km total; 1,565 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km meter gage (1.000 m), 22 km narrow gage (0.750 m); all government-owned Highways: 36,714 km total; 18,223 km paved, 12,451 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,062 km improved earth, 978 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: system consists of 3 coastal canals and 3 unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 80 km Pipelines: crude oil, 26 km, refined products, 547 km Ports: 17 major, 37 minor Airfields: 70 total, 65 usable; 49 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 32 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: adequate modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 2.18 million telephones (23.1 per 100 popl.); 31 AM, 30 FM, and 34 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 1 Atlantic Ocean antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,266,000; 1,737,000 fit for military service; about 76,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1,651 million; about 20% of central government budget GREENLAND LAND 2,175,600 km'; less than 1 % arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 84% permanent ice and snow, 15% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 44,087 km (approx., includes minor islands) PEOPLE Population: 50,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.2% (1-75 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Greenlander(s); adjective-Green- land Ethnic divisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Green- land-born whites), 14% Danes Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects Literacy: 99% Labor force: 12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Greenland Type: province of Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish cabinet Capital: Godthaab (administrative center) Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 communes Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953; due for home rule in spring 1979 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and Danish parliament; executive power vested in Crown, acting through provincial governor responsible to Minister for Greenland; local affairs handled by provincial council (Landsrad) subject to approval of provincial governor; 19 lower courts Government leader: Queen Margrethe II, Governor Hans Lassen Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years (next 1981-coincides with Danish elections) Political parties: Inuit (advocating close ties with Denmark); Sukaq (moderate socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity); Siumut (a more radical party advocating greater autonomy from Denmark) ECONOMY GNP: included in that of Denmark Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce Fishing: catch 44,638 tons (1976); exports $35.6 million (1975) Major industries: mining, slaughtering, fishing, sealing Electric power: 57,500 kW capacity (1977); 120 million kWh produced (1977), 2,355 kWh per capita Exports: $88.7 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products, metallic ores and concentrates Imports: $129.1 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, food products Major trade partners: (1975) Denmark 68%, Finland 7.5%, Spain 5.8% Monetary conversion rate: 6.0031 Danish Kroner=US$1 (1977, average) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 80 km Ports: 7 major, 16 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (registered in Denmark) Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 7 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and interna- tional service provided by cables and radio relay; 9,000 telephones (17.0 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 6 FM, and 2 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Males 15-49, included with Denmark Caribbean Sea LAND 344 kin2 (Grenada and southern Grenadines); 44% cultivated, 4% pastures, 12% forests, 17% unused but potentially productive, 23% built on, wasteland, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 108,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.0% (7-60 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Grenadian(s); adjective-Grenadian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African-Negro descent Religion: Church of England; other Protestant sects; Roman Catholic Language: English; some French patois Literacy: unknown Labor force: 27,314 (1960); 40% agriculture, 30% unemployed or underemployed Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grenada Type: independent state since February 1974, recognizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Georges Political subdivisions: 6 parishes Legal system: based on English common law National holiday: Independence Day, 7 February Branches: legislative branch consists of 15-member elected House of Representatives and 13-member Senate appointed by the Governor; executive branch is cabinet led by Prime Minister Government leaders: Prime Minister Sir Eric Matthew Cairy; U.K. Governor General Sir Leo V. deGale Atlantic Ocean FRENCH _i.. GUIANA 80 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent general election 7 December 1976 Political parties and leaders: Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Eric Matthew Gairy; Peoples Alliance-a coalition consisting of the New Jewel Movement (NJM), Maurice Bishop; United People's Party (UPP), Winston Whyte; Grenada National Party (GNP), Herbert A. Blaize Voting strength (1976 election): GULP 51.7%, Peoples Alliance, 48.3%; Legislative Council seats, GULP 9, Peoples Alliance 6 (NJM 3, UPP 1, GNP 1, unaffilated 1) Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, G-77, IMF, OAS, SELA, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $43 million (in current prices, 1976), $440 per capita; real growth rate 1976, 13% Agriculture: main crops-spices, cocoa, bananas Fishing: 1,800 metric tons (1975) Electric power: 7,000 kW capacity (1977); 25 million kWh produced (1977), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $13 million (f.o.b., 1976); nutmeg, cocoa beans, bananas, mace Imports: $25 million (c.i.f., 1976); food, machinery, building materials Major trade partners: exports-33% U.K., 19% West Germany, 13% Netherlands; imports-27% West Indies, 27% U.K., 9% U.S. Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars= US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,000 km total; 600 km paved, otherwise improved; 100 km unimproved Ports: 1 major (St. Georges), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: automatic, islandwide telephone system with 5,100 telephones (4.5 per 100 popl.); VHF and UHF links to Trinidad and Carriacou; 3 AM stations GUADELOUPE LAND 1,779 km2; 24% cropland, 9% pasture, 4% potential cropland, 16% forest, 47% wasteland, built on; area consists of two islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 306 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 DOMINICAN -.-BEPUBLIC PUERTO RICO GUADELOUPE r? PEOPLE Population: 331,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.5% (10-67 to 10-74) Nationality: noun-Guadeloupian(s); adjective-Guade- loupe Ethnic divisions: 90% Negro or Mulatto, less than 5% East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 120,000; 25% agriculture, 25% unemployed Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of Guadeloupe Type: overseas department and region represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate; last deputy election, 12 March 1978 Capital: Basse-Terre Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive, popularly elected General Council of 36 members and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdic- tion of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Paul Noirot Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections are held normally every 5 years; last General Council election took place in March 1976; local election last held March 1977 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement Pour la Republique (RPR), Gabriel Lisette; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Henri Bangou; Socialist Party (MSG), leader unknown; Progressive Party of Guadeloupe (l'PG), Henri Hodes; Independent Republicans; Federation of the Left Voting strength: MSG, 1 seat in French National Assembly; UDG, 2 seats; (1973 election) Communists: 3,000 est. Other political or pressure groups: Group of National Organization of Guadeloupe (GONG) ECONOMY GDP: $470 million (1975), $1,428 per capita; real growth rate (1975) 1.4% Agriculture: main crops, sugarcane and bananas Major industries: agricultural processing, sugar milling and rum distillation Electric power: 50,000 kW capacity (1977); 200 million kWh produced (1977), 570 kWh per capita Exports: $78 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, bananas, rum Imports: $292 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-71% France, 17% U.S., 7% Germany, 5% other; imports-70% France, 9% U.S., 3% Germany, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 12% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.75 French francs=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gage plantation lines Ilighways: 2,300 km total; 1,500 km paved, 800 km gravel and earth Ports: I major (Pointe-a-Pitre), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable, 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 26,800 telephones (7.9 per 100 popl.); interisland VHF radio links; 2 AM and 3 TV transmitters DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with France GUATEMALA LAND 108,880 km2; 14% cultivated, 10% pasture, 57% forest, 19% other Land boundaries: 1,625 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 400 km PEOPLE Population: 6,621,000 (January 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Guatemalan(s); adjective-Guatema- Ian Ethnic divisions: 41.4% Indian, 58.6% Ladino (mestizo and westernized Indian) Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue Literacy: about 30% Labor force (1974): 1.8 million; 52.5% agriculture, 10.1% manufacturing, 21.7% services, 7.9% commerce, 3.9% construction, 2.1% transport, 0.7% mining, 1.2% electrical, 0.8% other. Unemployment estimates vary from 3% to 25% Organized labor: 6.4% of labor force (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guatemala Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Political subdivisions: 22 departments Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of Guatemala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: traditionally dominant executive; elected uni- cameral legislature; 7-member (minimum) Supreme Court Government leader: President Brig. Gen. Kjell Laugerud Garcia; President-elect Gen. Fernando Romeo Lucas to be inaugurated 1 July 1978 82 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 GUATEMALA/GUINEA Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates Elections: next elections (President and Congress) 1982 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz; Revolutionary Party (PR), Jorge Garcia-Granados Quinonez (secretary general); National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo (sec. gen.); Rene de Leon Schlotter (honorary President and party strongman); several unregis- tered parties Voting strength: for President-PID/PR, 269,973 (42.3%); MLN, 211,393 (33.1%); DCG, 156,730 (24.6%); for congressional seats-PID/PR, 34 seats; MLN, 20 seats; DCG, 7 seats Communists: Communist party outlawed; underground membership estimated at 750 Other political or pressure groups: outlawed (Commu- nist) Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT), Eleuterio Cabrera Mejia (provisional secretary general) Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $5,485 million (1977 est.), $840 per capita; 82% private consumption, 6% government consumption, 15% domestic investment (1975), -8% net foreign balance (1976); average annual real growth rate (1971-76), 5.3% Agriculture: main products-coffee, cotton, corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas, livestock; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 5,000 metric tons (1975); exports $2.6 million (1973), imports $0.7 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, metals Electric power: 365,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 240 kWh per capita Exports: $782 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, cotton, sugar, bananas, meat Imports: $905 million (f.o.b., 1976); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: exports (1974)-34% U.S., 28% CACM, 11% West Germany, 5% Japan; imports (1974)- 31% U.S., 17% CACM, 12% Venezuela, 9% Japan, 8% West Germany Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-76), $129 million loans, $236 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $246 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $12.3 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $41 million Central government budget (1978 est.): expenditures, $943 million; revenues, $943 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 947 km, 0.914-meter gage, single-tracked; 832 km government-owned, 115 km privately owned Highways: 13,700 km total; 2,550 km paved, 3,200 km gravel, 5,500 km improved earth, 2,450 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year-round; addi- tional 730 km navigable during high-water season Pipelines: crude oil, 48 km Ports: 2 major (Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castilla), 3 minor Airfields: 383 total, 381 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: modern telecom facilities limited to Guatemala City; 58,500 telephones (0.9 per 100 popl. ); 97 AM, 20 FM, and 5 TV stations; connection into Central American microwave net DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,489,000; 966,000 fit for military service; about 65,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $58.5 million; 6.2% of central government budget LAND 246,050 kmz; 3% cropland, 10% forest Land boundaries: 3,476 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 130 Coastline: 346 km PEOPLE Population: 5,898,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective-Guinean Ethnic divisions: 99% African (3 major tribes-Fulani, Malinke, Susu; and 15 smaller tribes) Religion: 75% Muslim, 25% animist, Christian, less than 1% Language: French official; each tribe has own language Literacy: 5% to 10%; French only significant written language Labor force: 1.8 million, of whom less than 10% are wage earners; most of population engages in subsistence agricul- ture Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea Type: republic; under one-party presidential regime Capital: Conakry Political subdivisions: 29 administrative regions, 209 arrondissements, about 8,000 local entities at village level Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and presidential decree; constitution adopted 1958; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 2 October Branches: executive branch dominant, with power concentrated in President's hands and a small group who are both ministers and members of the party's politburo; unicameral National Assembly and judiciary have little independence Government leader: President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has been designated "The Supreme Leader of the Revolution" Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: approximate schedule-5 years parliamentary, latest in 1975; 7 years presidential, latest in 1975 Political parties and leaders: only party is Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), headed by Sekou Toure Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commis- sion, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $820.8 (1976), $180 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, and pineapples; staple food crops-cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas Major industries: alumina, light manufacturing and processing industries, bauxite mining Electric power: 101,500 kW capacity (1977); 500 million kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita Exports: $240 million (f.o.b., 1976); alumina, bauxite, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels Imports: $248 million (f.o.b., 1976); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: Communist countries, Western Europe (including France), U.S. Budget: (FY77 est.) current revenue $238 million, current expenditures $176 million Monetary conversion rate: 21.25 syli=US$1 floating (end 1977) Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 805 km meter gage (1.00 m), 8 km gage Highways: 7,604 km total; 4,949 km paved, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,795 km; 500 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels, 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft steamers and barges Ports: 1 major (Conakry), 3 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 17 total, 16 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane landing areas Telecommunications: inadequate system of lines, small radiocommunication stations, and 1 radio-relay link; principal center Conakry, secondary center Kankan; 8,300 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 995,000; 502,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970 (latest information available), $6,073,000; 8.0% of central government budget GUINEA-BISSAU (formerly Portuguese Guinea) LAND 36,260 km2 (includes Bijagos archipelago) Land boundaries: 740 km 84 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 BISSAU -UUINEA WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 274 km PEOPLE Population: 620,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective-Guinean Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (Balanta 30%, Fulani 20%, Mandyako 14%, Malinke 13%, and 23% other tribes); less than 1% European and mulatto Religion: 66% animist, 30% Muslim, 4% Christian Language: Portuguese and numerous African languages Literacy: 3% to 5% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in September 1974; constitution promulgated 1974 Capital: Bissau Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities, 3 circumscrip- tions (predominantly indigenous population) Legal system: to be determined National holiday: 12 September Branches: National Popular Assembly to be elected for three-year term; Council of State Commissars, 16 members; the official party is the supreme political institution. Government leaders: President of Council of State and Chief of State is Luis Cabral; Principal Commissioner (Head of Government), Francisco Mendes; Secretary General of the Official party, Aristides Pereira Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party; Front de Lutte pour l'Independence Nationale de la Guinea (FLING), a largely dormant, loose coalition of nationalist elements opposed the PAIGC, leadership fragmented Communists: none known Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GDP: $112 million (est. 1975), $230 per capita Agriculture: main crops-palm oil, root crops, rice, coconuts, peanuts Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1977); 17 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $11 million (f.o.b., 1977); principally peanuts, coconuts Imports: $31 million (c.i.f., 1977); manufactured goods, fuels, transport equipment, rice Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, also immediate neighbors Aid: Portugal, U.S.S.R. Monetary conversion rate: using Portuguese currency; 40.643 escudos=US$1 (November 1977) Fiscal year: probably is the calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 3,218 km (418 km bituminous, remainder earth) Inland waterways: 1,600 km Ports: 1 major (Bissau), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 60 total, 59 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: limited system of open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; 2,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES: Military manpower: males 15-49, 122,000; 70,000 fit for military service LAND 214,970 km2; 1% cropland, 3% pasture, 8% savanna, 66% forested, 22% water, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 2,575 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 459 km 85 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 813,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Guyanese (sing., p1.); adjective- Guyanese Ethnic divisions: 51% East Indians, 43% Negro and Negro mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2% white and Chinese Religion: 57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, I % other Language: English Literacy: 86% Labor force: 242,000 (1975); 29% agriculture, 31% manufacturing/mining, 40% services; 21% unemployed Organized labor: 34% of labor force (1976) Monetary conversion Communists: est. 100 hard-core within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank and file is conservative and-non-Communist; small but unknown number of orthodox Marxist-Leninists within PNC, some of whom are PPP turncoats Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Working People's Alliance (WPA); Work- ing People's Vanguard Party (WPVP); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Com- mittee (CLAC); the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized Member of: CARICOM, CDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADI3, IRA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $412 million rate 1976, 1.9% est. US$=G$2.55 Fiscal year: Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages-wheat flour, cooking oil, processed meat, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,180 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 20,123 metric tons (1975); exported 4,445 metric tons valued at $3 million in 1975 Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina sugar and rice milling, timber Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1977); 370 million kWh produced (1977), 495 kWh per capita Exports: $257 million (f.o.b., 1976); bauxite, sugar, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, diamonds, rum Imports: $371 million (c.i.f., 1976); manufactures, ma- chinery, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-27.4% U.K., 20.5% U.S., 16.3% CARICOM, 2.4% Canada; imports-28% U.S., 23% U.K., 22% CARICOM, 4% Canada (1976) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY53-76), $55 million in loans, $26 million in grants; commitments from Communist countries-China (1972-76), $36 million in loans, and East Germany (1974), $10 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-76), $69 million Budget: revenue, $186 million; expenditure, $312 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cooperative Republic of Guyana Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Georgetown Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 23 February Branches: Council of Ministers presided over by Prime Minister; 53-member unicameral legislative National Assem- bly (elected); Supreme Court Government leader: Prime Minister L. F. S. Burnham Suffrage: universal over amendment August 1973 Elections: last held in July 1973; next election must be called within 5 years Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), L. F. S. Burnham; People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan; United Force (UF), Feilden Singh Voting strength (1973 election): 70.2% PNC, 26.2% PNC, 3.6% other COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 109 km total, all single track; meter gage, 29 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 4,100 km total; 950 km paved, 950 km gravel 1,000 km improved, 1,200 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 5,900 km; Demerara River navigable to Mackenzie by ocean steamers, others by ferryboats, small craft only 86 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Ports: 1 major (Georgetown), 3 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 95 total, 88 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with radio-relay network and over 22,500 telephones (2.6 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 5 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 189,000; 144,000 fit for military service HAITI HAITI~~ PUERTO Port au JAMAICA Prince LAND 27,713 km2; 31% cultivated, 18% rough pastures, forested, 44% unproductive Land boundary: 361 km spoken by only 10% WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,771 km PEOPLE Population: 5,534,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Haitian(s); adjective-Haitian Ethnic divisions: over 90% Negro, nearly 10% mulatto, few whites Religion: 10% Protestant, 75% to 80% Roman Catholic (of d oo) which an overwhelming majority also practice Voo Language: French (official) population; all speak Creole Literacy: 10% to 12% Labor force: 2.3 million (est. 1975); 79% agriculture, 14% services, 7% industry, 5% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant Organized labor: less than 1% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Haiti Type: republic under the 14-year dictatorship of Francois Duvalier who was succeeded upon his death on 21 April 1971 by his son, Jean-Claude Capital: Port-au-Prince Political subdivisions: 5 departments (despite constitu- tional provision for 9) Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; constitution adopted 1964 and amended 1971; legal educa- tion at State University in Fort-au-Prince and private law colleges in Cap-Haitien, Les Cayes, Gonaives, and Jeremie; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January Branches: lifetime President, unicameral 58-member legislature of very limited powers, judiciary appointed by President Government Duvalier Suffrage: leader: President-for-life Jean-Claude Elections: constitution as amended in 1971 provides for lifetime president to be designated by his predecessor and ratified by electorate in plebiscite; legislative elections, which are held every 6 years, last held February .1973 Political parties: National Unity Party, only legal party; United Haitian Communist Party (PUCH), illegal (Com- munist) Voting strength (1973 legislative elections): 100% Na- tional Unity Party (Duvalier) Communists: strength unknown; party leaders believed in exile Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, IJPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.0 billion (1976), $197 per capita; real growth rate 1976, 4.7% Agriculture: main crops-coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, pulses; caloric intake, 1,850 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, bauxite mining, tourism, light assembly industries Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1977); 175 million kWh produced (1977), 40 kWh per capita Exports: $111 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, light industrial products, bauxite, sugar, essential oils, sisal Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Imports: $158 million (f.o.b., 1976); consumer durables, foodstuffs, industrial equipment, petroleum products, con- struction materials Major trade partners: exports-52% U.S.; imports-47% U.S. (1976) Aid: economic authorizations-from U.S. (FY46-75), $46 million loans, $126 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-76), $169 million; military authoriza- tions-from U.S. (FY46-76), $4 million in grants Budget: (1976) revenue, $133 million; expenditure, $146 million Monetary conversion rate: 5 gourdes=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 80 km narrow gage (0.760 m), single-track, privately owned industrial line; 8 km dual-gage 0.760- to 1.065-meter gage, government line, dismantled Highways: 3,200 km total; 600 km paved, 950 km otherwise improved, 1,650 km unimproved Inland waterways: negligible; about 100 km navigable Ports: 2 major (Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitian), 12 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 14 total, 13 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: all domestic facilities inadequate, international facilities slightly better; telephone expansion program underway; 17,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,180,000; 628,000 fit for military service; about 51,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1978, $10.4 million; about 13.4% of operational budget HONDURAS LAND 112,150 km2; 27% forested, 30% pasture, 36% waste and built-up, 7% cropland Land boundaries: 1,530 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 820 km PEOPLE Population: 3,517,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Honduran(s); adjective-Honduran Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo, 7% Indian, 2% Negro, and 1% white Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of persons 1970) 10 years of age and over (est. Labor force: approx. 900,000 (est. mid-1972) ; agriculture, 12% services, 8% manufacturing, 5% commerce, 6% unemployed, 3% unspecified Organized labor: 7% to 10% of GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic labor force (mid-1972) Type: republic Capital: Tegucigalpa Political subdivisions: 18 Legal system: based on Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common ]aw; constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of Honduras in Tegucigalpa; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: constitution provides for elected President, unicameral legislature, and national judicial branch Government leader: Brig. Gen. Juan Alberto Melgar Castro Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: government leaders have indicated an inten- tion to hold elections in 1979 Political parties and leaders: all parties, even legal ones, are dormant at present; Liberal Party (PLH), Modesto Rodas Alvarado, Carlos Roberto Reina Idiaguez, Jorge Bueso Arias; National Party (PNH), Alejandro Lopez Cantarero, Ricardo Zuniga Augustinus; Mario Rivera Lopez, Martin Aquero; Popular Progressive Party (PPP) (uninscribed), Gonzalo Carias Castillo; National Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) 88 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 HONDURAS/HONG KONG (uninscribed), Miguel Andonie Fernandez; Workers Party of Honduras (PTH) (Communist) (uninscribed), Rogue Ochoa; Communist Party of Honduras/Soviet (PCH/S-outlawed), Dionisio Ramos Bejarano; Communist Party of Honduras/ China (PCH/C-outlawed), Agapito Robledo Castro Voting strength (1971 elections): National Party (PNH) 306,028; Liberal Party (PLH) 276,777 Communists: about 650; 500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH); Council of Honduran Private Enterprise (COHEP); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH) Member of: CALM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO Ports: 3 major (Puerto Cortes, La Ceiba, Tela), 9 minor Civil air: 19 major transport aircraft Airfields: 244 total, 219 usable; 4 with permanent-surface e na runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; with ruwys 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: improved, but still inadequate; microwave ve net; 19,500 connection into Central American TV telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 104 stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 680,000; 401,000 fit for military service; about 31,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal December 1978, $31.4 million; about government budget (includes the armed military) ECONOMY GDP: $1,215 million (1976), $430 per capita; 79% private consumption, 10% government consumption, 22% domestic investment; - 11% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate, average 1971-75, 2.6%; real growth rate 1976, 6.8% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, corn, beans, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 3,262 metric tons (1975); exports est. $0.8 million (1976); imports $0.8 million (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, cloth- ing, wood products 450 million Electric power: 172,500 kW capacity (1977); kWh produced (1977), 155 kWh per capita Exports: $404 million (f.o.b., 1976); bananas, coffee, lumber, meat, petroleum products manufactured Prod- ucts, $427 million (f.o.b. 1976); manu ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-51% U.S.., 12Venezuela, oM, 11% West germany; imports-42% U.S., 13% CALM, 7% Japan, 3% West Germany Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $122 million loans, $96 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $291 million; from other Western countries (1960-73), $7.0 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $20 million Budget (1977): expenditures, $312 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 lempiras=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year (official) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 574 km total; 325 km 1.067 meter gage, 249 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 8,700 km total; 1,150 km bituminous surfaced, 2,500 km gravel surfaced or improved earth, 5,050 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,200 km navigable by small craft WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 733 km PEOPLE annual growth Population: 4,585,000 (July 1978), average rate 1.6% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: adjective-Hong Kong Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other Religion: 10% Christian, 90% eclectic mixture of local religions Language: Chinese, English Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 HONG KONG year ending 31 7.5% of central forces and other LAND 1,036 km'; 14% arable, 10% forested, 76% other (mainly grass, shrub, steep hill country) Land boundaries: 24 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 HONG KONG/HUNGARY Literacy: 75% Labor force (1976 Census): 1.87 million; 45.3% manufac- turing, 18.6% services, 6.0% construction, mining, quarrying and utilities, 19.4% commerce, 2.6% agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and hunting, 7.3% communications, 0.7% other; underemployment is a serious problem Organized labor: 21% of 1976 labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hong Kong Type: U.K. crown colony Capital: None Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Executive Council; he legislates with advice and consent of Legislative Council; Urban Council which alone includes elected representatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement; independent judiciary Government leader: Sir C. M. MacLehose, Governor and Commander in Chief Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 professional or skilled persons Elections: every 2 years to select one-half of elected membership of Urban Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor Political parties: Civic Association; Reform Club; Socialist Democratic Party; Hong Kong Labour Party Voting strength: (elected Urban Council members) Civic Association 4, Reform Club 3, and 1 independent Communists: an estimated 2,000 cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese dominated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries, Chinese Manufactur- ers) Association of Hong Kong Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $9.5 billion ( 1976, in 1976 prices), $2,093 per capita (est.); average real growth 4.8% (1970-75) Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products--rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 2.0% self-sufficient; food shortages-rice, wheat Major industries: textiles and clothing, tourism, plastics, electronics, light metal products, food processing Shortages: industrial raw materials, water, food Electric power: 3,127,000 kW capacity (1977); 8,375 million kWh produced (1977), 1,835 kWh per capita Exports: $9.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977), including $1.4 billion reexports; principal products clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufactures Imports: $10.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: (1977) exports-38.7% U.S., 10.5% West Germany, 8.7% U.K.; imports-23.7% Japan, 16.6% China, 12.5% U.S. Budget: (77/78) $1.82 billion Monetary conversion rate: HK$4.62=US$1 (December 1977) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 35 km standard gage (1.435 m); government owned Highways: 966 km total; 660 km paved, 306 km gravel and crushed stone, or earth Ports: 1 major Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern facilities provide domestic and international services; excellent broadcast coverage provided by wired and radio broadcast stations; closed-cir- cuit TV and TV broadcast facilities; 1.1 million telephones; 2.5 million radio receivers; 100,000 wired-speakers; 2 FM, 2 AM stations; wired-broadcast network; 859,000 TV receiv- ers, 2 TV stations, 2 closed-circuit TV networks; radio relay link to Taiwan; 2 international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable link to Canton; 5 submarine cables; submarine cable to Japan and Philippines completed DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,201,000; 937,000 fit for military service; about 55,000 reach military age (18) annually Defense is the responsibility of U.K. HUNGARY LAND 92,981 kmz; 60% arable, 14% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 2,245 km PEOPLE Population: 10,693,000 (July growth rate 0.4% (current) other agricultural, 16% 1978), average Nationality: noun-Hungarian(s); adjective-Hungarian Ethnic divisions: 92.4% Magyar, 2.5% German, 3.3% Gypsy, 0.7% Jews, 1.1% other Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Member of: CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO Language: 98.2% Magyar, 1.8% other Literacy: 97% Labor force: 5,085,500 (1 January 1976); 23% agriculture, 44% industry and building, 16% trade and transport, 17% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hungarian Type: Communist state Capital: Budapest Political subdivisions: 19 megyes (counties), 5 autono- mous cities in county status, 97 jaras (districts) Legal system: based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Su- preme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and 2 other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Liberation, 4 April Branches: executive-Presidential Council (elected by Parliament); legislative-Parliament (elected by direct suf- frage); judicial-Supreme Court (elected by Parliament) Government leaders: Pal Losonczi, President, Presiden- tial Council; Gyorgy Lazar, Chairman, Council of Ministers Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Com- munist) Workers Party (sole party); Janos Kadar is First Secretary of Central Committee Voting strength (1975 election): 7,497,061 (99.6 %) for Communist-approved candidates; 30,108 (0.4%) invalid and negative votes; total eligible electorate about 7.76 million; next elections will be held in 1980 Communists: about 754,000 party members (March 1975) ECONOMY GNP: $27.8 billion in 1977 (at 1976 prices), $2,610 per capita; 1977 growth rate, 4.8% Agriculture: normally self-sufficient; main crops-corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes; caloric intake 3,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Major industries: mining, metallurgy, engineering indus- tries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharma- ceuticals) Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil Crude steel: 3.72 million metric tons produced (1977), 350 kg per capita Electric power: 5,100,000 kW capacity (1977); 23.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,185 kWh per capita Exports: $7,959 million (f.o.b., 1977); 27% machinery, 18% industrial consumer goods, 30% raw materials and semimanufactures, 23% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 2% (distribution for 1977) Imports: $8,558 million (c.i.f., 1977); 21% machinery, 8% industrial consumer goods, 49% raw materials and semi- manufactures; 11% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 11% (distribution for 1977) Major trade partners: $13,371 million (1976); 66% with Communist countries, 34% with non-Communist countries Aid: U.S.S.R.-$338 million extended (1956-66), $10 million extended in 1967, $167 million extended in 1968; to less developed non-Communist countries-$764 million (1954-77) Monetary conversion rate: 40.96 forints=US$1 (commer- cial); 20.60 forints=US$1 (noncommercial) (1977) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,392 km total; 7,879 km standard gage (1.435 m), 478 km narrow gage (mostly 0.760 m), 35 km broad gage (1.524 m), 1,159 km double track, 1,303 km electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 99,595 km total; 32,583 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 10,408 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 56,604 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 1,688 km (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,287 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas, 2,896 km Freight carried: rail-131.7 million metric tons, 23.5 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-479.4 million metric tons, 8.1 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway- Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 est. 14.2 million metric tons, 8.3 billion metric ton/km incl. intl. transit traffic in approximately 308 waterway craft with 231,000 metric ton capacity River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunauivaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR; and Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland; and Galati and Brails in Romania DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,650,000; 2,314,000 fit for military service; about 70,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, est. 14.4 billion forints; about 3.7% of total budget GREENIANtI Jan Mayen Island Greenland Sea Norwegian Strait Denmark Reykjavik, Atlantic Ocean LAND 102,952 km?; arable negligible, 22% meadows and pastures, forested negligible, 78% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 4,988 km PEOPLE Population: 223,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.7% (12-76 to 12-77) Nationality: noun-Icelander(s); adjective-Icelandic Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation Language: Icelandic Literacy: 99% Labor force: 90,000; 22.6% agriculture and fishing; 25.6% mining and manufacturing; 10.7% construction; 12.8% commerce; 7.8% transportation and communications; 15.2% services; and 5.7% other; unemployment 300 Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iceland Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Political subdivisions: 23 incorporated towns Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts Government leaders: President Kristian Eldjarn; Prime Minister Geir Hallgrimsson Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary to take place 25 June 1978, every 4 years; presidential, every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Independence (conserva- tive), Geir Hallgrimsson; Progressive, Olafur Johannesson; Social Democratic, Benedikt Grondal; People's Alliance (Communist front), Ragnar Arnalds; Organization of Liber- als and Leftists, Magnus Torfi Olafsson Voting strength (1974 election): 42.7% Independence, 24.9% Progressive, 9.1% Social Democratic, 18.3% People's Alliance, organization of leftists and liberals 4.6% Communists: est. 2,200; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 20,922 votes cast for People's Alliance in 1974 election Member of: Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fishing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,415 million (1976), $6,343 per capita; 60.2% consumption, 29.4% investment, 10% government, 0.7% change in stocks; 1.1% net foreign balance (1976); 1976 growth rate 1.9%, constant prices Agriculture: cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, potatoes, turnips; food shortages-grains, sugar, vegetable and other fibers; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Fishing: landed 982,100 metric tons; exports $289.9 million (1976) 92 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production, hydro-electricity Shortages: grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers Electric power: 653,000 kW capacity (1.977); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 11,050 kWh per capita Exports: $512.3 million (f.o.b., 1977); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite Imports: $608.3 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: (1975) exports-U.S. 29%, EC 25%, U.S.S.R. 11%; imports-EC 45%, U.S. 9%, U.S.S.R. 10% Aid: economic authorizations: U.S., $10 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1977, approved) expenditures $448 million, revenues $452 million Monetary conversion rate: 198.9 kronur=US$1 (1977); 182.2 kronur=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 12,343 km total; 166 km bitumen and concrete; 1,284 km bituminous treated and gravel; 10,893 km earth Ports: 4 major (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfiordhur), and about 50 minor Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft, including 4 leased in Airfields: 126 total, 101 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication system; 93,700 telephones (42.4 per 100 popl.); 17 AM, 14 FM, and 80 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables; Comsat station under construction DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 54,000; 49,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service) LAND 3,136,500 km2 (includes Indian part of Jammu-Kashmir, Sikkim, Goa, Damao and Diu); 50% arable, 5% permanent meadows and pastures, 20% desert, waste, or urban, 22% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 12,700 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; additional 100 nm is fisheries conservation zone, December 1968; archipelago concept baselines); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 7,000 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 660,722,000, including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed Jammu-Kashmir (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Indian(s); adjective-Indian Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 10.7% Muslim, 1.8% Sikh, 2.6% Christian, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.7% other Language: 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; English enjoys "associate" status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindustani, a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India Literacy: males 39%; females 18%; both sexes 29% (1971 census) Labor force: about 197 million; 70% agriculture, more than 10% unemployed and underemployed; shortage of skilled labor is significant and unemployment is rising Organized labor: about 2.5% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of India Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Political subdivisions: 22 states, 9 union territories Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 26 January Branches: parliamentary government, national and state; relatively independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Morarji Desai Suffrage: universal over age 21 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Elections: national and state elections ordinarily held every 5 years; may be postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; next general election due by March 1982; next state elections staggered in 1982 and 1983 Political parties and leaders: Indian National Congress, controlled national government from independence to March 1977, and split in January 1978; larger Congress group is headed by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; the smaller "official" Congress Party is headed by Swaran Singh as provisional president; Janata Party (a merger of 5 pre-1977 election parties) led by Prime Minister Desai and party president, Chandra Shekar; Communist Party of India (CPI), C. Rajeswara Rao, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), E. M. S. Namboodiripad, general secretary; Communist Party of India /MarxistLenin- ist (CPI/ML), Satyanarayan Singhh, general secretary; All- India-Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK), a regional party in Tamil Nadu led by M. G. Ramachandran; Akali Dal representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab Voting strength (1977 election): 43.17% Janata and CFD, 34.54% Congress, 4.30% CPI/M, 2.82% CPI, 15.17% regional parties and others Communists: 90,000 members of CPI (est.), 85,000 members of CPI/M (est.); Communist sympathizers, 13 million Other political or pressure groups: various separatist groups seeking reorganization of states; numerous "senas" or militant /chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena and Dalit Panthers in Bombay, the Anand Marg, and the Rashtriya Swayamserak Sangh Member of: ADB, AIOEC, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, FAO, G-77 GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $77.3 billion (FY77 at current prices), $123 per capita; real growth 5.0% in FY78, 1.6% in FY77 Agriculture: main crops-rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, and coffee Fishing: catch 2.3 million metric tons (1975); exports $95.1 million (1974), imports $3.1 million (1974) Major industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machin- ery, transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures Crude steel: 8.12 million metric tons of ingots (FY77) Electric power: 23,700,000 kW capacity (1977); 96 billion kWh produced (1977), 150 kWh per capita Exports: $5.8 billion (f.o.b., FY77); engineering goods, textiles and clothing, tea Imports: $5.7 billion (c.i.f., FY77); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum, grains and flour, fertilizers Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., Japan Budget: (FY78) central government receipts, $12.8 billion; expenditures, $13.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.1 rupees=US$1 (January 1978) Fiscal year: fiscal year ends 31 March of stated year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 61,313 km total; 25,550 km meter gage (1.00 m), 30,041 km broad gage (1.676 m), 4,476 km narrow gage (0.762 m and 0.610 m), government owned; 46 km meter gage (1.00 m), 855 km broad gage (1.676 m), 345 km narrow gage (0.762 m and 0.610 m), privately owned; 12,304 km double track; 10,160 km electrified Highways: 1,327,450 km total; 415,250 km paved, 190,600 km gravel or crushed stone, 304,900 km improved earth, 416,700 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km; 2,575 km navigable by river steamers Pipelines: crude oil, 1,552 km; refined products, 2,020 km; natural gas, 359 km Ports: 9 major, 80 minor Civil air: 93 major transport aircraft Airfields: 358 total, 343 usable; 190 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 54 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 123 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair domestic telephone service where available, good internal microwave links; telegraph facilities widespread; AM broadcast adequate; international radio communications adequate; 2.1 million telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); about 163 AM stations at 80 locations, 9 TV stations, 4 earth satellite stations; submarine cables extend to Sri Lanka DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 153,307,000; 90,220,000 fit for military service; about 7,132,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $3.6 billion; 16% of central government budget INDONESIA LAND 1,906,240 km2; 12% small holdings and estates, 64% forests, 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 2,736 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): under an archi- pelago theory, claim is 12 nm, measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands Coastline: 54,716 km 94 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 140,680,000, including East Timor and West Irian (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Indonesian(s); adjective-Indonesian Ethnic divisions: 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% 7.5% coastal Malays, 26% other Religion: 85% Muslim, 9% Christian, 2% Buddhist, 2% Hindu, 2% other Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay) official; English, and Dutch leading foreign languages Literacy: 60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group Labor force: 44 million; 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 15% miscellaneous and unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Indonesia Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Political subdivisions: 27 first-level administrative subdi- visions or provinces which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of cabinet; cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (Parliament), of 460 members (100 appointed, 360 elected); second and larger body (Congress) of 920 members and includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected) elects President and Vice President, and theoreti- cally determines national policy Government leader: President Suharto (reelected by Congress, March 1978) Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional groups), Amir Moertono; Indonesian Democratic Party (federation of former Nation- alist and Christian parties), Mohammed Isnaeni; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), Idham Chalid Voting strength (1977 election): Golkar 232 seats, Indonesian Democratic 29, Unity Development 99 Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hard-core membership has been estimated at 1.5 million Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $43 billion (1977) about $300 per capita; real average annual growth (1972-77), 7.5% Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops-rice, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortage-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 1.5 million tons (1976); exports $150 million (1977), imports $8 million (1977) Major industries: petroleum, agricultural processing, textiles, mining Electric power: 2,053,900 kW capacity (1977); 5.9 billion kWh produced (1977), 40 kWh per capita Exports: total $10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum ($7.1 billion; 530 million bbls), timber, coffee, rubber, tin, palm oil, tea, pepper, tobacco Imports: $6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1977); rice, wheat, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables Major trade partners: exports (1977)-40% Japan, 28% U.S., 9% Singapore; imports-30% Japan, 14% U.S., 8% West Germany Aid: economic assistance commitments, 1970-76; Commu- nist, $100 million; OPEC, $0; U.S., $1,597 million; other Western, $3,817 million; bilateral military assistance com- mitments, 1970-76: Communist, $1 million; U.S., $183 million Budget: (1978-79) expenditures $11.6 billion; planned receipts $9.6 billion domestic, $2.0 billion foreign Monetary conversion rate: 415 rupiah=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,863 km total; 7,246 km 1.067-meter gage, 525 km 0.750-meter gage, 92 km 0.600-meter gage; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned Highways: 93,053 km total; 26,573 km paved, 41,521 km gravel or crushed stone, 24,959 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Barat 4,587 km Ports: 10 major, 63 minor Civil air: approximately 130 major transport aircraft Airfields: 393 total, 367 usable; 66 with permanent- surface runways; 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 66 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: interisland microwave system and IIF police net; domestic service poor, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 314,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 291 AM, 1 FM, and 13 TV stations; I international ground satellite station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna), and 40 domestic ground satellite stations LAND 1,647,240 kmz; 14% agricultural, 11% forested, 16% cultivable with adequate irrigation, 51% desert, waste, or urban, 8% migratory grazing and other Land boundaries: 5,318 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 50 nm) Coastline: 3,180 km, including islands, 676 km PEOPLE Population: 35,286,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Iranian(s); adjective-Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% ethnic Persians, 3% Kurds, 13% other Iranian, 18% Turkic, 3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Baha'is Language: Persian (Farsi), Turkish dialects, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: about 37% of those 7 years of age and older (1976 est.) Labor force: 10.1 million est. 1976; 36% agriculture, 21% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor substantial GOVERNMENT Legal name: Empire of Iran Type: constitutional monarchy, controlled by the Shah Capital: Tehran Political subdivisions: 23 provinces, subdivided into districts, sub-districts, counties, and villages Legal system: based largely on French law, with elements drawn from other continental systems; personal law based on Islamic practice generally with residual traces of Roman law; constitution adopted 1906 and constitutional law of 1907; High Court of Appeal may judge disputes relating to government departments acting according to law; legal education at University of Teheran; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Birthday of the Shah, 26 October Branches: executive power rests in Shah who appoints a Prime Minister; Prime Minister must be approved by lower house (Majlis); while Cabinet theoretically responsibility of Prime Minister, Shah usually exerts strong influence over its selection; bicameral legislature; Majlis has 268 members elected to 4-year terms, and Senate 60 members serving 4-year terms; half of Senate members appointed by Shah, other half elected; no provision for judicial review of constitutionality of legislative acts Government leaders: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Prime Minister Jamshid Amuzegar Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: Majlis every 4 years; Senate every 4 years; latest national elections June 1975, last district and municipal October 1976 Political parties and leaders: a single party system, designated The Resurgence Party of the People of Iran (RPPI) with Jamshid Amuzegar as Secretary-General, was formed by Shah in March 1975; all other political parties disbanded Voting strength: all candidates government approved and members of the RPPI 96 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Communists: 1,000-2,000 (hard-core, est.); sympathizers (15,000-20,000 est.); mostly pro-U.S.S.R. but pro-Chinese faction developing Other political or pressure groups: Tudeh Party (Com- munist, illegal); nationalist opposition coalition; Confeder- ation of Iranian Students (illegal) Member of: CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OPEC, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $81.2 billion (1977), $2,366 per capita; 1977 real GNP growth, 3.2% Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dates, raisins, tea, tobacco, sheep, and goats Major industries: crude oil production (2,080 million bbls in 1977) and refining, textiles, cement and other building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating Electric power: 6,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 19 billion kWh produced (1977), 545 kWh per capita Exports: $24.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 97% petroleum; also carpets, raw cotton, fruits, and nuts, hide and leather items, ores Imports: $14.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); machinery, iron and steel products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equip- ment, agricultural products Major trade partners: exports-U.S., Japan, U.K., Neth- erlands, West Germany, U.S.S.R. and other Communist countries; imports-U.S., West Germany, Japan, U.K., U.S.S.R. Budget: (FY78-79) $59.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: 70.6 rials=US$l Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,601 km total; 4,509 km standard gage (1.435 m), 92 km 1.676-meter gage Highways: 43,442 km total; 12,060 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 22,920 km gravel and crushed stone, 8,462 km improved earth Inland waterways: 904 km, excluding the Caspian Sea, 104 km on the Shatt al Arab Pipelines: crude oil, 3,072 km; refined products, 3,597 km; natural gas, 2,317 km Ports: 7 major, 6 minor Civil air: 57 major transport aircraft, including 7 leased in and 1 leased out Airfields: 181 total, 167 usable; 65 with permanent- surface runways; 13 with runways over 3,660 m, 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 70 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: advanced system of high-capacity radio-relay links, open-wire lines, cables, and tropospheric links; principal center Tehran, secondary centers Isfahan, Meshed, and Tabriz; 805,600 telephones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 35 AM, 2 FM, and 67 TV stations; I satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas, extensive upgrading in progress DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,084,000; 4,789,000 fit for military service; about 350,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1979, $9,933 million; 17% of central government budget IRAQ LAND 445,480 km'; 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing land, 4% forest and woodland Land boundaries: 3,668 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 58 km PEOPLE Population: 12,470,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Iraqi(s); adjective-Iraqi Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs, 18.3% Kurds, 0.7% Assyrians, 2.4% Turkomans, 7.7% other Religion: 90% Muslim (50% Shiah Muslim, 40% Sunni Muslim), 8% Christian, 2% other Language: Arabic, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish Literacy: 20% to 40% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Labor force: 2.4 million; 70% agriculture, 6.5% industry, 6.7% government, 16.8% other; rural underemployment high, but not serious because low subsistence levels make it easy to care for unemployed; severe shortage of technically trained personnel Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iraq Type: republic; National Front Government consisting of Ba'th Party (BPI), Iraq Communist Party (CPI), and pro- administration Kurds formed in July 1973; Communists play nominal role in government) Capital: Baghdad Political subdivisions: 18 provinces under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution adopted in 1968; judicial review was suspended; legal education at University of Baghdad; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 14 July Branches: Ba'th Party of Iraq has been in power since 1968 coup Government leaders: President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr; Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Saddam Husayn 'Abd-al-Majid al-Tikriti Suffrage: no elective bodies exist Elections: no national elections since overthrow of monarchy in 1958 Communists: Communist Party allowed token representa- tion in cabinet; est. 2,000 "hard-core members Political or pressure groups: political parties banned, possibly some opposition to regime from disaffected members of the regime and army officers Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $19 billion (1977 est.), $1,550 per capita Agriculture: dates, wheat, barley, rice, livestock Major industry: crude petroleum (third largest producer in Middle East); 2.3 million b/d (1977); petroleum revenues for 1977, $10.3 billion Electric power: 1,200,000 kW capacity (1977); 5.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 470 kWh per capita Exports: $10.6 billion (f.o.b., 1977 est.); net receipts from oil, $10.3 billion; non-oil, $300 million est. Imports: $5.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 26% from Communist countries (1973) Major trade partners: exports-France, Italy, Brazil, Japan, Turkey, U.K., U.S.S.R., other Communist countries; imports-West Germany, Japan, France, U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R. and other Communist countries (1977) Budget: $25.7 billion (FY78), actual estimated Monetary conversion rate: 1 Iraqi dinar=US$3.39 (end of December 1977) Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,700 km total; 1,123 km standard gage (1.435 m), 577 km meter gage (1.00 m); 16 km meter gage double track Highways: 20,791 km total; 6,490 km paved, 4,645 km improved earth, 9,656 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab navigable by maritime traffic for about 104 km; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers Ports: 3 major (Basra, Umm Qasr, Al Faw) Pipelines: crude oil, 3,821 km; 585 km refined products; 1,360 km natural gas Civil air: 26 major transport aircraft Airfields: 75 total, 66 usable; 24 with permanent-surface runways; 39 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network consists of coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 320,000 telephones (2.8 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM and 10 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,642,000; 1,478,000 fit for military service; about 118,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $1,660,000,000; 12% of central government budget IRELAND LAND 68,894 kmz; 17% arable, 51% meadows and pastures, 3% forested, 2% inland water, 27% waste and urban Land boundaries: 360 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km PEOPLE Population: 3,228,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Irishman(men), Irish (collective pl.); adjective-Irish Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Celts Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other 98 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Language: English and Gaelic official; English is gen- erally spoken Literacy: 98%-99% Labor force: about 1,143,000 (1976); 26% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 19% manufacturing; 15% commerce; 7% construction; 5% transportation; 4% government; 24% other; 9.8% unemployment (February 1976) Organized labor: 36% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ireland, Eire (Gaelic) Type: republic Capital: Dublin Political subdivisions: 26 counties Legal system: based on English common law, substan- tially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: St. Patrick's Day, 17 March Branches: elected President; bicameral parliament re- flecting proportional and vocational representation; judici- ary appointed by President on advice of government Government leaders: President Patrick Hillery; Prime Minister (Taoiseach) John (Jack) Lynch; Deputy Prime Minister (Tanaiste) George Colley Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every 5 years-last election June 1977; President elected for 7-year term-last election November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, John (Jack) Lynch; Labor Party, Frank Cluskey; Fine Gael, Garret Fitzgerald; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O'Riordan Voting strength: (1977 election) Fianna Fail (84 seats), Fine Gael (43 seats), Labor Party (17 seats), independents hold 4 seats Communists: approximately 600 Member of: Council of Europe, EC, EEC, ESRO (observer), EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $9.3 billion prelim. est. (1977, at 1977 prices), $2,913 per capita; 63.4% consumption, 25.9% investment, 18.8% government, 2.0% inventories; -10.2% net export of goods and services; 1970-77 (inclusive) real growth rate, average 3.1% Agriculture: 70% of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture; main products-livestock and dairy products, turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; 85% self-sufficient; food shortages-grains, fruits, vegetables; caloric intake 3,510 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 80,676 metric tons (1976); exports of fish and fish products $37.3 million (1976), imports of fish and fish products $15.7 million (1976) Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, machinery and transportation equipment Shortages: coal, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, steel and nonferrous metals, fertilizers, cereals and animal feeds, textile fibers and textiles Crude steel: 85,000 metric tons produced in 1975, 30 kg per capita Electric power: 2,387,000 kW capacity (1977); 9 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,315 kWh per capita Exports: $4,364 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); live animals, meat, dairy products, textiles, clothing, chemicals, machinery Imports: $5,400 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, chemicals, cereals, textiles Major trade partners: 66% EC (42% U.K.); 8% U.S. (January-November 1977) Aid: economic-EC Common Borrowing Facility, $300 million (1976) Budget: (1978 projected) 2,368 million pounds expendi- tures, 1,963 million pounds revenues, 405 million pounds deficit, public sector borrowing requirement 821 million pounds Monetary conversion rate: 1 Irish pound=US$1.7448 (1977) (annual average, floating) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,009 km 1.600-meter gage; 1,894 km govern- ment-owned; 115 km privately-owned Highways: 88,302 km total; 78,616 km surfaced, 9,686 km earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,000 km Ports: 6 major, 38 minor Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft (including 7 leased out) Airfields: 38 total, 38 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small, modern system; all cities interconnected for telephone and telegraph service; 480,000 telephones (15.1 per 100 pop].); 6 AM, 7 FM, and 28 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 739,000; 579,000 fit for military service; about 29,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $193.8 million; about 6% of the central government budget NOTE: The Arab territories occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the data below unless so indicated. LAND 20,720 km2 (excluding about 64,750 km2 of occupied territory in Jordan, Egypt, and Syria); 20% cultivated, 40% pastureland and meadows, 4% forested, 4% desert, waste, or urban, 3% inland water, 29% unsurveyed (mostly desert) Land boundaries: 1,036 km (prior to 1967 war); including occupied areas, approximately 1,050 km (1977) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 273 km (prior to 1967 war); including occupied areas, approximately 848 km (1977) PEOPLE Population: 3,654,000, excluding East Jerusalem and the other occupied territories (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.3% (12-76 to 12-77) Nationality: noun-Israeli(s); adjective-Israel Ethnic divisions: 85% Jews, 15% non-Jews (mostly Arabs) Religion: 85% Judaism, 11% Islam, 4% Christian and other Language: Hebrew official; Arabic used officially for Arab minority; English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: 88% Jews, 48% Arabs Labor force: 1,133,000; 6.5% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 25.3% manufacturing (mining, industry); 0.9% electricity and water; 8.1% construction and public works; 12.2% commerce; 7.7% transport, storage, and communica- tions; 6.5% finance and business; 26.1% public services; 6.7% personal and other services (1974) Organized labor: 90% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Israel Type: republic Capital: Jerusalem; not recognized by U.S. which maintains Embassy in Tel Aviv Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: mixture of English common law and, in personal area, Jewish, Christian and Muslim legal systems; commercial matters regulated substantially by codes adopted since 1948; no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the Knesset (legislature) relating to the Knesset, Israeli lands, the president, the government and the Israel citizenship law; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Hebrew University in Jerusalem; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 11 May Branches: President Ephraim Katzir-has largely ceremo- nial functions; executive power vested in cabinet; unicam- eral parliament (Knesset) of 120 members elected under a system of proportional representation; legislation provides fundamental laws in absence of a written constitution; 2 distinct court systems (secular and religious) Government leader: Prime Minister Menachem Begin Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held every 4 years unless required by dissolution of Knesset; last election held in May 1977 Principal political parties and leaders: Herut, Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Defense Minister Ezer Weizman; Liberal Party, Finance Minister Simcha Ehrlich; La'am, Yigal Hurvitz; (Likud is a coalition formed of Herut, Liberals and La'am); National Religious Party, Joseph Burg, Zevulun Hammer; Democratic Movement for Change,Yi- gael Yadin, Shmuel Tamir, Meir Amit; Israel Labor Party, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Yigal Allon; SHELLI, Arieh Eliav too Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ISRAEL/ITALY Voting strength: Likud 45 seats; National Religious Party 12 seats; Orthodox Augudat parties 5 seats; Samuel Flatto- Sharon 1 seat; Moshe Dayan 1 seat; Labor Party-MAPAM- Arab List Alignment 32 seats; Democratic Movement for Change 15 seats; Independent Liberal Party 1 seat; Citizens Rights Movement 1 seat; RAKAH 5 seats; SHELLI 2 seats Communists: RAKAH (predominantly Arab but with ) has some 1,500 members; the Jewish hi d p ers Jews in its lea Communist Party, MAKI, is now part of Moked, which is a far-left Zionist party Other political or pressure groups: right-wing Jewish Defense League led by Rabbi Meir Kahane; Black Panthers, d fl, group seeking more benefits for Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor Airfields: 55 total, 46 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 40 major transport aircraft (including 5 leased in) Telecommunications: most highly developed in the Middle East though not the largest; 870,000 telephones (24.0 submarine cables; I Atlantic Ocand ean per repeater potations; AM, 10 FM satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Jewish males 15-49, 760,000; 655,000 fit for military service; average number of Jews reaching military age (18) annually-30,000 males, 30,000 females; both sexes liable for military service a loosely organize you oriental Jews; Gush Emunim, Jewish religious zealots pushing for freedom for Jews to settle anywhere on the West Bank Member of: FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS International N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $12.8 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $3,370 per capita (converted to dollars at 10.50 Israeli pounds=US$1); 1977 growth of real GNP (1.0% Agriculture: main products-citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef and dairy products, poultry products Major industries: food processing, diamond m cutting ]tal products, polishing, textiles and clothing, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, rubber and plastic products, potash mining Electric power: 2,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 13.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 3,720 kWh per capita Exports: $34 billion (f.o.b., 1977); major items-polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and chemical products; tourism is leading foreign exchange earner major items-military Imports: $5.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); miron and equipment, rough diamonds, chemicals, machinery, steel, cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, and aircraft Major trade partners: exports-EC, U.S., U.K., Japan, Hong Kong, Switzerland; imports-EC, U.S., U.K., Switzer- land, Japan Budget: FY ending 31 March 1978-$10 billion (con- verted at 18.5 Israeli pounds=US$1) Monetary conversion rate: the Israeli pound was allowed to float on 31 October 1977 and as of 3 November 1977 it was roughly 15 Israeli pounds=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 767 km standard gage (1.435 m) Highways: 4,348 km paved, 7 km gravel/crushed stone, remainder unknown Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km ITALY LAND 301,217 km'; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,702 km WATER 12 nm Limits of territorial waters (claimed): Coastline: 4,996 km PEOPLE average annual Population: 56,711,000 (July 1978), growth rate 0.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Italian(s); adjective-Italian Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population in- cludes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Ital- ians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion) Language: Italian; Parts of Trentino-Alto Adige Region (e.g., Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; signifi- cant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta Region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region Labor force: 19,549,000 (January 1975); 15.0% agricul- ture, 42.9% industry, 39.0% other; 7% unemployment (1978); 1.5 million Italians employed in other Western European countries Organized labor: 20% (est.) of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Italian Republic Type: republic Capital: Rome Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establish- ment of 20 regions; 5 (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time and the remaining 15 regions were instituted on 1 April 1972; 94 provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiasti- cal law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitu- tional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June Branches: executive-President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment Government leaders: President Giovanni Leone; Premier Giulio Andreotti Suffrage: universal over age 18 (except in Senatorial elections where minimum age of voter is 25) Elections: national elections for Parliament held every 5 years (most recent, June 1976); provincial and municipal elections held every 5 years with some out of phase; regional elections every 5 years (held June 1975) Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DC), Benigno Zaccagnini (secretary general); Communist Party (PCI), Enrico Berlinguer (secretary general), Luigi Longo (party president); Socialist Party (PSI), Bettino Craxi (secretary general), Pietro Nenni (party president); Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Pierluigi Romita (secretary general); Liberal Party (PLI), Valerio Zanone (party secretary); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almir- ante; Republican Party (PRI), Oddo Biasini (party secre- tary); Ugo La Malfa (party president) Voting strength (1976 election): 38.7% DC, 34.4% PCI, oth9.6%erPSI, 6.1% MSI, 3.4% PSDI, 3.1% PRI, 1.3% PLI, 3.4% Communists: 1,814,740 members (February 1978) Other political or pressure groups: the Vatican; three major trade union confederations (CGIL-Communist dominated, CISL-Christian Democratic, and UIL-Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Italian manufactur- ers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups Member of: ADB, ASSIMER, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECOWAS, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, TFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $171 billion (1976), $3,040 per capita; 65.5% private consumption, 20.2% gross fixed investment, 13.9% government, 3,2% inventory change, net foreign balance -2.8%, 1973 growth rate 6.3%, 1974 growth rate 3.4%, 1976 growth rate 5.6% (1970 constant prices) Agriculture: important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops-cereals, potatoes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats, meat, fish, and eggs; daily caloric intake, 3,335 calories per capita (1974) Fishing: catch 376,509 metric tons (1975), $336 million (1973); exports $46 million (1976), imports $352 million (1976) Major industries: machinery and transportation equip- ment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles Shortages: coal, fuels, minerals Crude steel: 23.3 million metric tons produced (1976), 418 kg per capita Electric power: 45,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 163.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,875 kWh per capita Exports: $44.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals, footwear Imports: $46.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleum Major trade partners: (1977) 48.5% EC-nine (20% West Germany, 16% France, 5% U.K., 4% Netherlands, 3% Belgium-Luxembourg); 7% U.S.; 3% U.S.S.R. and 2% other Communist countries of Eastern Europe Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $4,991 million (1970-76) Monetary conversion rate: Smithsonian rate as of December 1973, 650.4 lira=US$1; average of Friday closing rates in 1977-882 lira=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ITALY/IVORY COAST COMMUNICATIONS government- Railroads: 20,690 km total; km electrified; 4,720 owned standard gage (1.435 m), 7,850 km non-government owned, 2,507 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,270 km electrified; 2,213 km narrow gage (0.950 m), 517 km electrified Highways: 286,400 km total; autostrade 4,800 km, state highways 41,200 km, provincial highways 91,200 km, communal highways 149,200 km; 254,400 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 24,800 km gravel and crushed stone, 7,200 km earth Inland waterways: 2,500 km navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 1,770 km; refined products, 2,179 km; natural gas, 13,079 km Ports: 16 major, 22 significant minor Civil air: 130 major transport aircraft, including 7 leased in Airfields: 151 total, 151 usable; 81 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 44 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 10 seaplane stations Telecommunications: well engineered, well constructed, and efficiently operated; 15.2 million telephones (27.1 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 660 FM, and 900 TV stations; 14 coaxial submarine cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with Atlantic Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,986,000; 11,719,000 fit for military service; 442,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $5,018.8 million; about 8% of proposed central government budget IVORY COAST LAND 323,750 km2; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated, 52% grazing, fallow, and waste, 200 mi. of lagoons and connecting canals along eastern coast Land boundaries: 3,227 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 515 km PEOPLE Population: 7,266,000, resident African population only, (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Ivorian(s); adjective-Ivorian Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approximately 2 million foreign Africans, mostly Upper Voltans; about 75- 90 non-Africans (50-60 French) and 25,000-30,000 Lebanese) Religion: 66% animist, 22% Muslim, 12% Christian Language: French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken Literacy: about 65% at primary school level Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Ivory Coast Type: republic, one-party presidential regime established 1960 Capital: Abidjan Political subdivisions: 24 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 7 December Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate judiciary Government leader: President Felix Houphouet-Boigny Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: uncontested Presidential and legislative elec- tions held in November 1975 for 5-year term Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 IVORY COAST/JAMAICA Political parties and leaders: Parti Democratique de la Cote d`Ivoire (PDCI), (only party); official party leader is Secretary General Philippe Yace, but Houphouet-Boigny is in control Communists: no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, E113 (associate), Entente, FAO, C-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $4.4 billion (1976 est.), $840 capita; average annual growth rate in constant prices, 8% (1970-76) Agriculture: commercial-coffee, cocoa, wood, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops-corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities-cotton, rubber, tobacco, fish; self- sufficient in most foodstuffs, but rice, sugar, and meat imported Fishing: catch 63,470 metric tons (1975); exports $12.8 million (1975), imports $33.6 million (1975) Major industries: food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery factory Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 165 kWh per capita Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, tropical woods, cocoa, 70% of total; bananas, pineapples, palm oil Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1976); about 40% consumer goods, 10% raw materials and fuels, about 50% manufac- tured goods and semi-finished products Major trade partners: France and other EC countries about 65%, U.S. 13%, Communist countries about 1 % Aid: economic-France (1960-69), $312 million; EC through FY75, $203.2 million; U.S. (FY61-75), $40.7 million; others (1960 -71), $76 million, including $18.5 million committed; no Communist aid programs; military- non- Communist countries (1954-67), $7.3 million Budget: 1977, proposed-revenues $705 million, current expenditures $389 million, investment expenditures $316 million Ports: 2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 3 minor Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft Airfields: 50 total, 48 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system only slightly above African average; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay links, which provide incomplete coverage of country; Abidjan is only center; 58,700 telephones (0.9 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 6 TV stations; I Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,579,000; 820,000 fit for military service; 55,000 males reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $78,153,621; about 5.2% of total operating budget JAMAICA LAND 11,422 km2; 21% arable, 23% meadows and pastures, 19% forested, 37% waste, urban, or other Monetary conversion rate: about 242.69 Communaute WATER of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 657 km of the 1,173 km Abidjan to Ouagadou- gou, Upper Volta line, all single track meter gage (1.00 m); only diesel locomotives in use Highways: 46,675 km total; 2,388 km bituminous and bituminous-surface treatment; 33,097 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth; 1],090 km unimproved Inland waterways: 740 km navigable rivers and numer- ous coastal lagoons PEOPLE Population: 2,201,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Jamaican(s); adjective-Jamaican Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3.4%, white 3.2%, other 0.9% Religion: predominantly Protestant, some Roman Catho- lic, some spiritualist cults Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Language: English Literacy: government claims 82%, but probably only about one-half of that number are functionally literate Labor force: 672,000 (1975); 29% in agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining, 12% manufacturing/mining, 8% public administration, 5% construction, 10% commerce, 3% trans- portation and utilities, 33% services; 25% unemployed; shortage of technical and managerial personnel Organized labor: about 25% of labor force (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Jamaica Type: independent state within Commonwealth since August 1962, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Kingston Political subdivisions: 12 parishes and the Kingston-St. Andrew corporate area Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 7 August Branches: cabinet headed by Prime Minister; 60-member elected House of Representatives; 21-member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, 8 by opposition leader); judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice Government leader: Prime Minister Michael Manley Suffrage: universal, age 18 and over Elections: at discretion of Governor-General upon advice of Prime Minister but within 5 years; latest held 15 December 1976 Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP), Michael Manley; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward Seaga Voting strength: (1976 general elections) 56.8% PNP, 43.2% JLP Communists: a few hundred Marxist and Communist sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists, nationalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro religious/ racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group); Workers Liberation League (a Marxist coalition of students/labor) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS, Pan American Health Organization, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3,045 million (1976), $1,440 per capita; real growth rate 1976, -6.9% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, citrus fruits, ba- nanas, pimento, coconuts, coffee, cocoa Major industries: bauxite mining, textiles, food process- ing, light manufactures, tourism Electric power: 850,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,220 kWh hr. per capita Exports: $605 million (f.o.b., 1976); alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa Imports: $991 million (c.i.f., 1976); fuels, machinery, transportation and electrical equipment, food, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 38%, U.K. 23%, Norway 11%, Canada 4%; imports-U.S. 37%, U.K. 13%, Canada 5% (1975) Aid: economic-authorization from U.S. (FY56-76), $48 million in loans, $60 million in grants; from other Western countries (1960-74), $151 million; from international organi- zations (FY46-76), $232 million; military-authorizations from U.S. (FY63-76), $1 million in grants Budget: FY76-77-revenue $667 million, expenditure $1,243 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dollar=US$0.95 (Basic rate); 1 Jamaican dollar=US$0.74 (Special rate) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 330 km, all standard gage (1.435 m), single track Highways: 11,250 km total; 7,600 km paved, 2,150 km gravel, 1,500 km improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 10 km Ports: 3 major (Kingston, Montego Bay, Montego Free- port), 10 minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in and 3 leased out Airfields: 42 total, 22 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic domestic telephone network with 109,000 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl. ); 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 8 AM, 1.1 FM, and 9 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 450,000; 320,000 fit for military service; no conscription; average number currently reaching minimum volunteer age (18) 25,000 Supply: dependent on U.K. and U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $29.5 million; about 2.2% of central government budget JAPAN LAND 370,370 km2; 16% arable and cultivated, 3% grassland, 12% urban and waste, 69% forested Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 12,075 km Japan; 1,610 km Ryukyus PEOPLE Population: 114,983,000, including Ryukyus (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Japanese (sing., pl.); adjective- Japanese Ethnic divisions: 99.2% Japanese, 0.8% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Language: Japanese Literacy: 97.8% of those 15 years old and above (1960 data) Labor force (1977 figures): 54.5 million; 11% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 34% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 48% trade and services; 5% government; 2.0% unemployed Organized labor: 33.7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Japan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Tokyo Political subdivisions: 47 prefectures (Ryukyus became 47th prefecture on 15 May 1972) Legal system: civil law system with English-American influence; constitution promulgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 29 April Branches: Emperor is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in cabinet dominated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the Lower House of the bicameral, elective legislature (Diet); judiciary is independent Government leader: Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: general elections held every 4 years or upon dissolution of Lower House, triennially for one-half of Upper House Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), T. Fukuda, President; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), 1. Asukata, Chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), R. Sasaki, Chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), K. Miyamoto, Presidium Chairman; Komeito (CGP), Y. Takeiri, Chairman; New Liberal Club (NLC), Y. Kono; United Social Democratic Party (USD) Voting strength (1977 electir.-n): 37.6% LDP, 21.6% JSP, 10.2% CGP, 9.6% JCP, 5.6% DSP, 4.8% NLC, minor parties, 6.1% independents Communists: 350,000; 3,000,000 sympathizers Member of: ADS, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $685 billion (1977, at 268.2 yen=US$1); $5,980 per capita (1976); 53% personal consumption, 33% investment, 9% government current expenditure; real growth rate 5.2% (1977); average annual growth rate (1974-76), 2.4% Agriculture: land intensively cultivated-rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits; 72% self-sufficient in food (1974); food shortages-meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oil and fats; caloric intake, 2,502 calories per day per capita (1974) Fishing: catch 10.5 million metric tons (1975) Major industries: metallurgical and engineering indus- tries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals Shortages: fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials Crude steel: 102 million metric tons produced (1977) Electric power: 123,682,000 kW capacity (1977); 537 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,685 kWh per capita Exports: $79.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 63% machinery and equipment, 18% metals and metal products, 6% textiles Imports: $61.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 44% fossil fuels, 7% metals and metal products, 14% foodstuffs, 7% machinery and equipment Major trade partners: exports-25% U.S., 6% Communist countries, 11% EC, 3% Australia, 41% other; imports-18% U.S., 8% Australia, 6% EC, 5% Communist countries Aid: Japanese official foreign economic aid disbursements 1975, $1,148 million Budget: revenues $105.9 billion, expenditures $155.9 billion, deficit $49.9 billion (general account for fiscal year ending March 1979) Monetary conversion rate: 268.2 yen=US$1 (1977 average rate), floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March 106 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 28,912 km total; 1,077 km standard gage (1.435 m), 27,835 km predominantly narrow gage (1.067 m), 6,195 km double track, 7,376 km or 26% of total route length electrified; 73% government-owned Highways: 1,067,643 km total (1977); 338,343 km paved, most of remainder gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: approx. 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal "inland seas" Pipelines: crude oil, 109 km; natural gas, 1,847 km Ports: 53 major, over 2,000 minor Civil air: 224 major transport aircraft (includes 2 leased) Airfields: 183 total, 177 usable; 119 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 44 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 5 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,668,000; 26,654,000 fit for military service; about 815,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: defense industry potential is large, with capability of producing the most sophisticated equipment; manufac- tured equipment includes small arms artillery, armored vehicles, and other types of ground forces materiel, aircraft (jet and prop), naval vessels (submarines, guided missile and other destroyers, patrol craft, mine warfare ships, and other minor craft including amphibious, auxiliaries, service craft, and small support ships), small amounts of all types of army materiel Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $7.9 billion proposed; about 5.5% of total budget JORDAN NOTE: The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of West Jordan. Although approximately 930,000 persons resided in this area prior to the start of the war, fewer than 750,000 of them remain there under the Israeli occupation, the remainder having fled to East Jordan. Over 14,000 of those who fled were repatriated in August 1967, but their return has been more than offset by other Arabs who have crossed and are continuing to cross from West to East Jordan. These and certain other effects of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war are not included in the data below. LAND 96,089 km2 (including about 5,439 km2 occupied by Israel); 11% agricultural, 88% desert, waste, or urban, 1% forested Land boundaries: 1,770 km (1967, 1,668 km excluding occupied areas) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 26 km PEOPLE Population: 2,960,000, including West Bank and East Jerusalem (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (7- 70 to 7-76); East Bank, 2,183,000, average annual growth rate 3.6% (7-70 to 7-76); West Bank, including East Jerusalem, 777,000, average annual growth rate 1.9% (1-71 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Jordanian(s); adjective-Jordanian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian Religion: 90%-92% Sunni Muslim, 8%-10% Christian Language: Arabic official, English widely understood among upper and middle classes Literacy: about 50%-55% in East Jordan; somewhat less than 60% in West Jordan Labor force: 638,000; less than 5% unemployed Organized labor: 9.8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: `Amman Political subdivisions: 8 governorates (3 are under Israeli occupation) under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives last chosen by national elections in April 1967, and dissolved by King in February 1976; Senate last appointed by King in November Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 1974; met briefly in February 1976 to amend constitution allowing King to postpone elections; present parliament subservient to executive; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi-judicial functions in desert areas Government leader: King Husayn ibn Talal al-Hashimi Suffrage: all citizens over age 20 Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957; Palestine Liberation Organization and various smaller fedayeen groups clandestinely active on West Bank; Muslim Brotherhood Communists: party actively repressed, membership esti- mated at less than 500 Member of. Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.65 billion (East Bank only, 1976), $760 per capita; real growth rate (1973-76), 14% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, fruits, vegetables, olive oil; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, and cement production, light manufacturing Electric power: 170,000 kW capacity (1977); 360 million kWh produced (1977), 120 kWh per capita, East Bank only Exports: $253 million (f.o.b., 1977); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 11% of total (1976) Imports:-$1,321 million (c.i.f., 1977); petroleum products, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 7% of total (1976) Aid: economic-U.S., $1,048 million economic assistance (FY46-76), of which $16 million loans, $932 million grants; military-$552 million total from U.S. (FY53-76) including $324 million in MAP grants Budget: (1977 est.)-expenditures $1,005 million (non- military, $800 million, military $205 million), development $412 million; deficit $45 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jordanian dinar=US$3.03, freely convertible; 0.3300 Jordanian dinar=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 817 km 1.050-meter gage, single track Highways: 6,677 km paved; 2,413 km improved earth; others unknown Pipelines: crude oil, 209 km Ports: 1 major (Aqaba) Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft (including 3 leased in) Airfields: 25 total, 16 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate telecommunication sys- tem for the needs of the country; 44,000 telephones (1.6 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, no FM and 6 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 624,000; 444,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (18) annually 32,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $246 million; 29% of central government budget LAND 582,750 km2; about 21% forest and woodland, 13% suitable for agriculture, 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing (1971) Land boundaries: 3,368 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 536 km PEOPLE Population: 14,837,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.5% (7-71 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Kenyan(s); adjective-Kenyan Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu, Nilotic, Hamitic and Nilo-Hamitic); 2% Asian; 1% Europe- an, Arab and others Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1% Hindu Language: English and Swahili official; each tribe has own language 108 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 KENYA/KOREA, NORTH Literacy: 27% Labor force: 2.5 million; about 977,000, (39%) in monetary economy (1967) Organized labor: about 215,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Kenya Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963 Capital: Nairobi Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi Area Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at University Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: 12 December Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicam- eral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; Assembly must be reelected at least every 5 years; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal Government leader: President Jomo Kenyatta Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: general election (October 1974) elected present National Assembly; next elections due 1979 Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), president, Jomo Kenyatta Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly Communists: may be a few Communists and sym- pathizers Other political or pressure groups: labor unions Member of: AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Exports: $720 million (f.o.b., 1976 est.); coffee, tea, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract Imports: $974 million (c.i.f., 1976 est.); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles Major trade partners: U.K. and EC, Uganda, Tanzania Budget: FY77 current revenues $780 million; current expenditures $680 million; development expenditures $295 million Monetary conversion rate: 8.4 Kenya shillings=US$l Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,040 km meter gage (1.00 M) Highways: 50,290 km total; 3,750 km paved, 12,160 km gravel and/or earth; 26,880 km improved earth and 7,500 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph systems are' within boundaries of Kenya Pipelines: refined products, 483 km Ports: 1 major (Mombasa), 3 minor Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft (including 5 leased in) Airfields: 238 total, 221 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 41 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocom- munication stations; principal center Nairobi, secondary centers Mombasa and Nakuru; 132,000 telephones (1.0 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 2 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,116,000; 1,913,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $79,968,647; about 5.8% of central government budget KOREA, NORTH ECONOMY GDP: $3,200 million at current prices (est. 1976), $225 per capita; 5% real growth 1970-76 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, sisal, tea, pyre- thrum, cotton, livestock; food crops-corn, wheat, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: 33,800 metric tons (1975) Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, agricultural processing, cigarettes, flour), oil refining, cement billion Electric power: 420,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita LAND 121,730 km'; 17% arable and cultivated, 74% in forest, scrub, and brush; remainder wasteland and urban Land boundaries: 1,675 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic 200 nm, military 50 nm) Coastline: 2,495 km PEOPLE annual Population: 18,134,000 (July 1978), average growth rate 3.2% (current) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 KOREA, NORTH/KOREA, SOUTH Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent Language: Korean Literacy: 90% (est.) Labor force: 6.1 million; 48% agriculture, 52% non-agri- cultural; shortage of skilled and unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea Type: Communist state; one-man rule Capital: P'yongyang Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities (P'yongyang and Kaesong) Legal system: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; constitu- tion adopted 1948 and revised 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 9 September Branches: Supreme Peoples Assembly theoretically super- vises Legislative and Judicial function; State Administration Council (cabinet) oversees ministerial operations Government and party leaders: Kim 11-song, President DPRK, and General Secretary of the Korean Workers Party; Yi Chong-ok, Premier Suffrage: universal at age 17 Elections: election to SPA every 4 years, but this constitutional provision not necessarily followed-last elec- tion November 1977 Political party: Korean Workers (Communist) Party; claimed membership of about 2 million, or about 11% of population Member of: IAEA, ICAO, IPU, IRCS, U.N. (observer status only), UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $10.0 billion (1976), $590 per capita (in 1975 dollars) Agriculture: main crops-corn, rice, vegetables; food shortages-meat, cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domestic needs at low levels of consumption Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, coking coal, petroleum Crude steel: 2.8 million metric tons produced (1976), 106 kg per capita Electric power: 4,150,000 kW capacity (1977); 24 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,345 kWh per capita Exports: $555 million; minerals, chemical and metallurgi- cal products (1976) Imports: $825 million; machinery and equipment, petro- leum, foodstuffs, coking coal (1976) Major trade partners: total trade turnover $1.4 billion; 40% with non-Communist countries, 60% with Communist countries (1976) Aid: economic and military aid from the U.S.S.R. and China Monetary conversion rate: 1.94 won=US$1, non-com- mercial rate Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,535 km total operating in 19(76;632,820; km standard gage (1.435 m), 665 km narrow gage 0.7259 km double tracked; about 1,140 km electrified; govern- ment-owned Highways: about 20,280 km; 98.5% gravel, crushed stone, or earth surface; 1.5% concrete or bituminous Inland waterways: 2,253 km; mostly navigable by small craft only Ports: 6 major, 26 minor DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,905,000; 2,392,000 fit for military service; 192,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $1.05 billion; about 15.4% of total government budget KOREA, SOUTH LAND 98,400 kmz; 23% arable (22% cultivated), 10% urban and other, 67% forested Land boundaries: 241 km 110 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: 2,413 km PEOPLE Population: 38,869,000 (July growth rate 1.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chinese minority (approx. 20,000) Religion: strong Confucian tradition; pervasive folk religion (Shamanism); vigorous Christian minority (16.6% Christian population); Buddhism (including estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly way), eclectic religion with nationalist over- tones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents Language: Korean Literacy: about 90% Labor force: about 12.6 million (1976); 45% agriculture, fishing, forestry; 22% mining and services and other Organized labor: force Government leaders: President Pak Chong-hui; Prime Minister Choe Kyu-ha Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: presidential every 6 years indirectly by the National Conference of Unification, last election May 1978; two-thirds of the 219-member National Assembly is elected directly for the same period within six months of the presidential election, remaining third nominated by the President and elected by the National Conference for a three-year term; last election February 1973, Revitalization Group-73 seats, Democratic Republican Party-68 seats, New Democratic Party-55 seats, Democratic Unification Party-3 seats, Independents-15 seats Political parties and leaders: pro-government-Revital- ization Group (appointed) (Chairman, Pack Tu-Chin) and Democratic Republican Party (Acting Chairman, Yi Hyo-sang); New Democratic Party (Chairman, Yi Chol- sung); Democratic Unification (Chairman, Yang 11-tong) Voting strength: (1973 election) popular vote 11,896,484; DRP 38.8%, NDP 32.8%, DUP 10.2%, Independent 18.1%, 0.1% invalid Communists: Communist activity banned by govern- ment; an estimated 37,000-50,000 former members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Korean Nation- al Christian Council; large potentially volatile student population concentrated in Seoul Member of: ADB, Asian Parliamentary Union, Asian People's Anti-Communist League (APACL), ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949 for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, IMCO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, UNESCO, U.N. Special Fund, UPU, WHO, WMO, World Anti-Communist League (WACL); official observer at U.N., does not hold U.N. membership ECONOMY GNP: $31.5 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $864 per capita; real growth 10.3% (1977); real growth 11.7% (1972-77 average) Agriculture: 40% of the population live on the land, but agriculture, forestry and fishery constitute 24% of GNP; main crops-rice, barley; not self-sufficient; food short- ages-wheat, dairy products, corn Fishing: catch 2,406,896 metric tons (1976) Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemical fertilizers, chemicals, plywood, steel, electronics Shortages: base metals, petroleum, lumber and certain food grains Electric power: 6,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 27.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 735 kWh per capita GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Korea Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive Capital: Seoul Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities; heads centrally appointed Legal system: combines elements of continental Europe- an civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved 1972; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 15 August Branches: executive, legislative (unicameral), judiciary, National Conference of Unification Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Exports: $10.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); textiles and clothing, electrical machinery, plywood, footwear, steel, ships Imports: $10.8 billion (c.i.f., 1977); oil, ships, steel, wood, wheat, organic chemicals, machinery Major trade partners: exports-32% U.S., 21% Japan; imports-35% Japan, 23% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-77), $5.8 billion committed; Japan (1965-75), $1.8 billion extended; military-U.S. (FY 46-77) $7.0 billion committed Budget: $7.3 billion (1978) Monetary conversion rate: rate fixed at 484 won=US$1 since December 1974 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Freight carried: rail (1976) 9.2 billion metric ton/km, 43.6 million metric tons; highway 21.8 million metric tons; air (1959) 361,184 kg carried Pipelines: 515 km refined products Ports: 10 major, 18 minor Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft Airfields: 121 total, 114 usable; 54 with permanent- surface runways; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,777,000; 5,707,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 408,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $2.6 billion; about 35% of central government budget KUWAIT LAND 16,058 km' (excluding neutral zone but including islands); insignificant amount forested; nearly all desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 459 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 499 km PEOPLE Population: 1,204,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 5.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Kuwaiti(s); adjective-Kuwaiti Ethnic divisions: 85% Arabs, 13% Iranians, Indians, and Pakistani; native Kuwaitis are a minority Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian, Hindu, Parsi, other Language: Arabic; English commonly used foreign language Literacy: about 60% Labor force: 340,000 (1976 est.); 26% manufacturing, 25% services, 35% government and professions, 9% commerce, 5% oil industry; two-thirds of labor force is non-Kuwaiti Organized labor: labor unions, first authorized in 1964, formed in oil industry and among government personnel GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Kuwait Type: nominal constitutional monarchy Capital: Kuwait Political subdivisions: 3 governorates, 10 voting constituencies Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitution took effect 1963; key provisions regarding election of National Assembly suspended in August 1976; judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 25 February Branches: Council of Ministers Government leader: Amir Jabir a]-Ahmad Al Sabah Suffrage: native born and naturalized males age 21 or over Elections: National Assembly dissolved by Emir's decree in August 1976 Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited, some small clandestine groups are active Communists: insignificant Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $13.9 billion (1976), $13,080 per capita est. Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported 112 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 KUWAIT/LAOS Major industries: crude petroleum production average for 1977, 1.92 million b/d; government revenues from taxes and royalties on production, refining, and consumption, $8.5 billion, preliminary est. for 1976; refinery production 132 million bbls (1976), average b/d refinery capacity equaled 645,000 bbls at end of 1976; other major industries include processing of fertilizers, chemicals; building materials; flour Electric power: 1,625,000 kW capacity (1977); 5.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,555 kWh per capita Exports: $9.84 billion (f.o.b., 1976), of which petroleum accounted for about 98%; nonpetroleum exports are mostly reexports, $727 million (1976 est.) Imports: $3.32 billion (c.i.f., 1976); major suppliers-U.S., Japan, U.K., West Germany Aid: an aid donor, committed bilaterally or through multilateral agencies nearly $3 billion in economic assistance in 1975 Budget: (FY77/78) $7.9 billion revenues Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kuwaiti dinar=US$3.48 (1976) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,445 km total; 2,195 km bituminous; 250 km earth, sand, light gravel Pipelines: crude oil, 877 km; refined products, 40 km; natural gas, 121 km Ports: 3 major (Ash Shuwaikh, Ash Shuaybah, Mina al Ahmadi), 4 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft (including 7 leased in) Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent international and ade- quate domestic telecommunication facilities; 140,000 tele- phones (13.0 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 1 FM and 3 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Indian and Atlantic Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 311,000; about 179,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $222,428,950; 8% of central government budget LAND 236,804 km2; 8% agricultural, 60% forests, 32% urban, waste, and other; except in very limited areas, soil is very poor; most of forested area is not exploitable Land boundaries: 5,053 km PEOPLE Population: 3,545,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Lao (sing., Lao or Laotian); adjec- tive-Lao or Laotian Ethnic divisions: 48% Lao; 14% Tribal Tai; 25% Phoutheung (Kha); 13% Meo, Yao, and other Religion: 50% Buddhist, 50% animist and other Language: Lao official, French predominant foreign language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 1-1.5 million; 80%-90% agriculture Organized labor: only labor organization is subordinate to the Communist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Lao People's Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Vientiane Political subdivisions: 13 provinces subdivided into districts, cantons, and villages Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 2 December Branches: President; 45-member Supreme People's Coun- cil; cabinet; cabinet is totally Communist but council contains a few nominal neutralists and non-Communists; National Congress of People's Representatives established the current government structure in December 1975 Government leaders: President, Souphanouvong; Prime Minister, Kaysone Phomvihan; Deputy Prime Ministers, Nouhak Phoumsavan, Phoumi Vongvichit, Phoun Sipaseut, and Khamtai Siphandone Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections for new National Assembly, scheduled for April 1, 1976, have been postponed Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Political parties and leaders: Lao People's Revolutionary Party (Communist) includes Lao Patriotic Front and Alliance Committee of Patriotic Neutralist Forces; other parties are moribund Communists: Lao People's Revolutionary Party; member- ship unknown Other political or pressure groups: non-Communist political groups are moribund; most leaders have fled the country Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Mekong Commit- tee, NAM, SEAMES, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, GWMO ECONOMY GNP: $250 million, $80 per capita (1976 est.) Agriculture: main crops-rice (overwhelmingly domi- nant), corn, vegetables; formerly self-sufficient; food short- ages (due in part to distribution deficiencies), including rice Major industries: tin mining, timber, tobacco, textiles, electric power Shortages: capital equipment, petroleum, transportation system, trained personnel Electric power: 61,000 kW capacity (1977); 295 million kWh produced (1977), 85 kWh per capita Exports: $8.5 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); electric power, forest products, tin concentrates; coffee, undeclared exports of opium and tobacco Imports: $55 million (c.i.f., est. 1977); rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: imports from Thailand, U.S.S.R., Japan, France, China, Vietnam; exports to Thailand and Malaysia; trade with Communist countries insignificant; Laos was once a major transit point in world gold trade, value of 1973 gold reexports $55 million Aid: economic-Communist: Eastern Europe, $4.0 mil- lion (1974-75); U.S.S.R., $66 million committed (1975-76), China, $42 million committed (1975-76); OPEC, $1.0 million (1975); Western: $151.4 million (1970-76); U.S., economic, $272.3 million (1970-75), military, $1,119.5 million (1970-75) Budget: (1973-74) receipts, 13.3 billion kip; expenditures, 36.0 billion kip; deficit 22.7 billion kip (provisional totals); 45% military, 55% civilian; no data available since Communists fully took over government in 1975 Monetary conversion rate: as of September 1977, 200 kip=US$1 (selling), 396-495 kip=US$1 (buying) (official) 2,000 liberation kip=US$1 (free market) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: about 18,000 km total; 1,300 km bituminous or bituminous treated, 5,900 km gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth; 10,800 km unimproved earth and often impassable during rainy season mid-May to mid-September Inland waterways: about 4,587 km, primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m Ports (river): 5 major, 4 minor Airfields: 87 total, 77 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 826,000; 441,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching usual military age (18) annually, 37,000; no conscription age specified LEBANON LEBANON Mediterranean Beirw Sea F LAND 10,360 kmz; 27% agricultural land, 64% desert, waste, or urban, 9% forested Land boundaries: 531 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): no specific claims (fishing, 6 nm) Coastline: 225 km PEOPLE Population: 2,540,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Lebanese (sing. and pl.); adjective- Lebanese Ethnic divisions: 93% Arab, 6% Armenian, 1% other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Religion: 55% Christian, 44% Muslim and Druze, 1% other (official estimates); Muslims, in fact, constitute a majority Language: Arabic (official); French is widely spoken Literacy: 86% Labor force: about 1 million economically active; 49% agriculture, 11% industry, 14% commerce, 26% other; moderate unemployment Organized labor: about 65,000 GOVERNMENT NOTE: Between early 1975 and late 1976, Lebanon was torn by civil war between its Christians-then aided by Syrian troops-and its Muslims and their Palestinian allies. The cease-fire established in October 1976 has generally held, despite occasional fighting, although the country is still under the occupation of Arab peacekeeping forces, almost entirely Syrian. In March 1978 southern Lebanon was invaded by Israeli troops, who are slowly turning it over to a United Nations interim force. The country's own army is gradually being re-established but is still too fragile to give the central government effective power. Israel's support of the Christians and Syria's recent support of the Palestinians have brought the two sides into rough equilibrium, but no progress has been made on national reconciliation or political reforms-the original cause of the war. The following description is based on the present constitutional and customary practices of the Lebanese system. Legal name: Republic of Lebanon Type: republic Capital: Beirut Political subdivisions: 5 provinces Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, and civil law system; constitution mandated in 1920; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Lebanon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 November Branches: power lies with President elected by parlia- ment (Chamber of Deputies); cabinet appointed by Presi- dent, approved by parliament; independent secular courts on French pattern; religious courts for matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.; by custom, President is a Maronite Christian, Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and president of parliament a Shia Muslim; each of 9 religious communities represented in parliament in proportion to national numeri- cal strength Government leader: President Ilyas Sarkis Suffrage: compulsory for all males over 21; authorized for women over 21 with elementary education Elections: Chamber of Deputies held every 4 years or within 3 months of dissolution of Chamber; latest April 1972 Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations; all parties have well-armed militias which are still involved in occasional clashes Communists: only legal Communist party in Middle East; legalized in 1970; members and sympathizers estimated at 2,000-3,000 Other political or pressure groups: Palestinian guerrilla organizations Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY Agriculture: fruits, wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, tobacco, olives, onions; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: service industries, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, some metal fabricat- ing, tourism Electric power: 540,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 480 kWh per capita Major trade partners: exports $0.9 billion est. (f.o.b., 1976); most to Arab countries; imports $1.4 billion est. (f.o.b., 1977); prior to the Civil War, chiefly from EC, U.K., and Arab countries; trade deficit covered by large net receipts from invisibles (particularly tourism and transportation) and private capital inflow Budget: (1978) expenditures $680 million, revenues $460 million est. Monetary conversion rate: 2.9639 Lebanese pounds= US$1 as of February 1978 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 378 km total; 296 km standard gage (1.435 m), 82 km 1.050-meter gage; all single track Highways: 7,370 km total; 6,270 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 650 km improved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 72 km Ports: 3 major (Beirut, Tripoli, Sayda), 5 minor Civil air: 35 major transport aircraft (including 13 leased out) Airfields: 8 total, 4 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: rebuilding in progress; internation- al facilities restored, domestic being rebuilt; fair system of microwave, cable; approx 125,000 telephones (5.0 per 100 popl.); 2 FM, 7 AM, 7 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 3 submarine cables. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 584,000; 357,000 fit for military service; average of about 27,000 reach military age (18) annually Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 LAND 30,303 km'; 15% cultivable; largely mountainous Land boundaries: 805 km when he appointed Interim National Assembly to act as legislative branch; judicial-63 Lesotho courts administer customary law for Africans, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: elections held in January 1970; nullified allegedly because of election irregularities; subsequent elections promised at unspecified date Political parties and leaders: National Party (BNP), Chief Leabua Jonathan; Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhehle Voting strength: in 1965 elections for National Assembly, BNP won 32 seats; BCP, 22 seats; minor parties, 4 seats Communists: negligible, Communist Party of Lesotho banned in early 1970 Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO PEOPLE Population: 1,277,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Mosotho (sing.), Basotho (pl.); adjec- tive-Basotho Ethnic divisions: 99.7% Sotho, 1,600 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: 70% or more Christian, rest animist Language: all Africans speak Sesotho vernacular; English is second language for literates Literacy: 40% Labor force: 87.4% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 150,000 to 250,000 spend 6 months to many years as wage earners in South Africa Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Lesotho Type: constitutional monarchy under King Moshoeshoe II; independent member of commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Maseru Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; legal education at National University of Lesotho; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 4 October Branches: executive, divided between a largely ceremo- nial King and a Prime Minister who leads cabinet of at least 7 members; Prime Minister dismissed bicameral legislature in early 1970 and subsequently ruled by decree until 1973 ECONOMY GNP: $315 million (FY74 est.), $270 per capita Agriculture: exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley Major industries: none Electric power: approximately 20 million kWh imported from South Africa (1977) Exports: labor to South Africa (remittances $120 million est. in 1976); $12.4 million (est. f.o.b., 1976), wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, diamonds, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins Imports: $154.3 million (est. c.i.f., 1976); mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, POL Major trade partner: South Africa Aid: economic aid-U.K. $9.4 million (plan FY71-75); other $17.5 million (plan FY71-75); U.S. $30.2 million authorized (FY61-76); no military aid Budget: (FY76) revenues, $63 million; current expendi- tures, $38 million; development budget, $25 million Monetary conversion rate: Lesotho uses the South African rand; 1 SA rand=US$1.15 (as of March 1978) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1.6 km; owned, operated, and included in the statistics of the Republic of South Africa Highways: approx. 3,916 km total; 218 km paved; 993 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 1,046 km improved, 1,659 km unimproved earth Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 21 total, 20 usable; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 1 with permanent surface runway 116 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Telecommunications: system a modest one consisting of a few landlines, a small radio-relay system, and minor radiocommunication stations; Maseru is the center; 3,725 telephones (0.3 per 100 pop1.); 2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 220,000; fit for military service 122,000 LIBERIA Atlantic Ocean LAND 111,370 km2; 20% agricultural, 30% jungle and swamps, 40% forested, 10% unclassified Land boundaries: 1,336 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 22 nm Coastline: 579 km PEOPLE Population: 1,733,000 (January 1978), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Liberian(s); adjective-Liberian Ethnic divisions: 5% descendants of immigrant Negroes; 95% indigenous Negroid African tribes including Kpelle, Bassa, Kru, Grebo, Cola, Kissi, Krahn, and Mandingo Religion: probably more Muslims than Christians; 70%-80% animist Language: English official; 28 tribal languages or dialects, pidgin English used by about 20% Literacy: about 24% over age 5 Labor force: 600,000, of which 120,000 are in monetary economy; about 2,000 non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top level management and engineering jobs Organized labor: 2% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Liberia Type: republic in form; strong executive dominates, with few constraints Capital: Monrovia Political subdivisions: country divided into 9 counties; President appoints all officials of significance Legal system: based on U.S. constitutional theory; recent codes drawn up by Cornell University; constitution adopted 1847; amended 1907, 1926, 1934, 1955, and 1975; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of Liberia; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 26 July Branches: President, elected by popular vote, limited to a single eight-year term, controls through appointive powers, authority over national expenditures, and a variety of informal sanctions; 2-house legislature elected by popular vote; judiciary consisting of Supreme Court and variety of lower courts Government leader: President William R. Tolbert, Jr. Suffrage: universal 18 years and over Elections: members of House of Representatives elected for 4-year terms, most recently in October 1975; Senate members elected for 6-year terms, one-half elected in May 1973; President Tolbert, constitutional successor to President Tubman who died in July 1971, completed the four year term to which Tubman was elected and was then elected in October 1975 for an eight-year term beginning in January 1976 Political parties and leaders: True Whig Party, in power since 1878, only political party; President Tolbert is leader Voting strength: 1975 elections uncontested; True Whig Party won all but a handful of votes Communists: no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $923 million (1976 est.), $570 per capita; 4% current annual growth rate (1967-76) Agriculture: rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet Fishing: catch 23,000 metric tons Industry: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds), 10,000 b/d oil refinery Electric power: 327,000 kW capacity (1977); 980 million kWh produced (1977), 580 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Exports: $460 million (f.o.b., 1976); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee, cocoa Imports: $399 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery, transpor- tation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs Major trade partners: U.S., West Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium Aid: economic-(FY46-75) U.S., $240.2 million; mili- tary-(FY53-75) U.S., $15.7 million; other aid ($73.1 million through FY75), sources include IBRD, U.N., IMF, West Germany, Republic of China Budget: (FY77) revenues $167 million, expenditures $167 million; development budget $39 million Monetary conversion rate: Liberia uses U.S. currency Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 499 km total; 354 km standard gage (1.435 m), 145 km narrow gage (1.067 m); all lines single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government Highways: 7,952 km total; 603 km bituminous treated; 2,055 km gravel, and remainder improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 370 km Ports: 3 major (Monrovia, Buchanan, Greenville-Sino Harbor), 4 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 78 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Monrovia; 3,400 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 5 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations; I Atlantic Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 364,000; 194,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 30 June 1978, $8.9 million; 4.8% of central government budget LAND 1,758,610 km2; 6% agricultural, 1% forested, 93% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 4,345 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (except for Gulf of Sidra where sovereignty is claimed and northern limit of jurisdiction fixed at 32?30'N. and the unilaterally proclaimed 100 nm zone around Tripoli) Coastline: 1,770 km PEOPLE Population: 2,758,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 4.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Libyan(s); adjective-Libyan Ethnic divisions: 97% Berber and Arab with some Negro stock; some Greeks, Maltese, Jews, Italians, Egyptians Religion: 97% Muslim Language: Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities Literacy: 35% Labor force: 900,000 of which about 350,000 are resident foreigners (est. 1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Type: republic; major overhaul of the constitution and government structure in March 1977 established a system of popular congresses which theoretically controls the ruling General Secretariat; nominally confederated with Egypt and Syria in Confederation of Arab Republics (CAR) on I September 1971 Capital: Tripoli Political subdivisions: 10 administrative provinces closely controlled by central government Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Law School, at University of Libya at Benghazi; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 September Branches: paramount political power and authority rests with the Secretariat of the General People's Congress which theoretically functions as a parliament with a cabinet called the General People's Committee Government leaders: Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi; Prime Minister, Abdul Ati Ubaydi Suffrage: universal 118 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Elections: resentatives to are drawn from popularly (elections are more or less assembly in March 1972 LIBYA/LIECHTENSTEIN the General People's Congress elected municipal committees continuous) election for CAR Political parties and leaders: Libyan Arab Socialist Union, Ahmad Shahati, Secretary General; Mu'ammar Qadhafi, President Communists: no organized party, negligible membership Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nation- alist movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Bath) party with small, almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely Member of: AFDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $16.5 billion (1977), at current prices Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; approaching self-sufficiency in food Major industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts Electric power: 1,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 775 kWh per capita Exports: $10.5 billion (f.o.b., 1977); over 99% petroleum Imports: $5.4 billion (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: imports-Italy, West Germany, U.S.; exports-Italy, West Germany, U.K., U.S., France Aid: economic-no Communist country assistance; U.S. aid extended $212.5 million (FY49-76); international organi- zations $22 million; military-arms obtained by cash purchase; chief suppliers France, U.S.S.R., Czechoslovakia; U.S. suspended since September 1970 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Libyan pound=US$3.38 Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December (beginning 1974) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 16,250 km total; 7,750 km bituminous and bitumi-nous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth Pipelines: crude oil 3,251 km; natural gas 282 km; refined products 443 km (includes 217 km liquid petroleum gas) Ports: 3 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, Benghazi), 4 minor, and 5 petroleum terminals Civil air: 37 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 87 total, 77 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: system is in top one-third of African systems; consists of radio-relay and tropo- spheric-scatter links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunica- tion stations; principal centers are Tripoli and Benghazi; 49,800 telephones (1.8 per 100 Pop].); 15 AM, 1 FM, and 12 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 559,000; 327,000 fit for military service; about 22,000 reach military age (17) annually; conscription now being implemented Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $448 million; 5% of central government budget LIECHTENSTEIN WOVE ` Atlt4 ti LAND 168 kmz Land boundaries: 76 km PEOPLE Population: 22,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Iiechtensteiner(s); adjective- Liechtenstein Ethnic divisions: 95% Germanic, 5% Italian and other Religion: 92% Roman Catholic Language: German (dialect) Literacy: 98% Labor force: 7,000, 3,500 foreign workers (mostly from Austria and Italy); 59% industry, 20% trade and commerce, 13% professional and other, 8% agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Liechtenstein Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Vaduz Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 LIECHTENSTEIN/LUXEMBOURG Political subdivisions: 11 districts Legal system: based on Swiss law; constitution adopted 1921; judicial review of legislative acts in a special Constitutional Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: unicameral Parliament, hereditary Prince, independent judiciary Government leaders: lIead of State, Prince Franz Joseph II; Chief of Government, Dr. Walter Kieber Suffrage: males age 20 and over Elections: every 4 years; next elections 1978 Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union Party (VU), Dr. Alfred Hilbe; Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), Dr. Gerard Batliner Voting strength (1974 election): FBP over 50% Communists: none Member of: IAEA, ITU, UPU, considering U.N. member- ship; desires affiliation with The Council of Europe; under a 1923 treaty, Switzerland handles Liechtenstein's post and telegraph systems, customs, and foreign relations, WIPO ECONOMY Liechtenstein has a prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and some farming. Textiles, ceramics, precision instruments, pharmaceuticals, and canned foods are the principal manufactures, intended almost entirely for export. Industry accounts for 95 percent of total employment. Livestock raising and dairying are the main sources of income in the small farm sector. A major source of income to the government is the sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors, estimated at $6 million annually. In addition, low business taxes and easy incorpo- rated rules have induced between 20,000 and 30,000 holding companies, so-called letter box companies, to establish nominal offices in the principality. The average tax paid by one of these companies is about $400 a year. The Liechtenstein economy is tied closely to that of Switzerland in a customs union. No national accounts data are available. GNP: $292 million (1977 provisional) Major trade partners: exports (1975)-$202 million; 50.6% EFTA, 41.4% Switzerland, 26.7% EEC; exports (1977)-$274 million Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1977); 56 million kWh produced (1977), 2,240 kWh per capita; power is exchanged with Switzerland, but net exports average 35 million kWh yearly Budget: (1977 est.) revenues $79.0 million, expenditures $75.9 million, surplus $3.1 million COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 16.00 km, standard gage (1.435 m), electrified; owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways Highways: no information on total kilometers Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft registered and operated in Switzerland Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serv- ing about 16,200 telephones (67.7 per 100 pop].); no broadcast facilities DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Switzerland LUXEMBOURG LAND 2,590 kmz; 25% arable, 27% meadows and pasture, 15% waste or urban, 33% forested, negligible amount of inland water Land boundaries: 356 km PEOPLE Population: 358,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Luxembourger(s); adjective-Luxem- bourg Ethnic divisions: 83% Luxembourger, including an estimated 5% of Italian descent; remainder French, German, Belgian, etc. Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, remaining 3% Protestant and Jewish Language: Luxembourgish, German, French; most edu- cated Luxembourgers also speak English Literacy: 98% Labor force: (1974) 158,000; 10% agriculture (including forestry and fishing), 48% industry, 42% services; 30% of labor force is foreign, comprising workers from neighboring areas of Belgium, France, and West Germany, as well as Italy and Portugal, unemployment 0.6% August 1977 Organized labor: 45% of labor force Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 LUXEMBOURG/MACAO GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grand Duchy of Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Luxembourg Political subdivisions: unitary tive purposes has 3 districts Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons state, but for administra- (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; judicial review of legislative acts in the Cassation Court only; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 23 June Branches: parliamentary democracy; seven ministers comprise Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature, the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial power exercised by independent courts Government leaders: Grand Duke Jean, Head of State; Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Party, Pierre Werner (Parliamentary President) and Jacques Santer (Party President); Socialist, Lydie Schmit (Party President); Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte (Party President); Demo- cratic, Gaston Thorn (Party President and Prime Minister); Communist, Dominique Urbany Voting strength in Chamber of Deputies (1974): Christian Socialist, 18; Socialist Workers, 17; Democrats, 14; Social Democrats, 5; Communists, 5 Communists: 500 party members (1974) Other political or pressure groups: group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions, Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation Member of: Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.5 billion, $7,041 per capita (1977); average annual real GNP growth 2.7% (1971-77); 60% private consumption, 16% public consumption, 28% investment; - 6.9% net exports, 2.9% change in stocks Agriculture: mixed farming; main crops-grains, pota- toes, fodder beets; food shortages-sugar, bread grains, fats; caloric intake, 3,150 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Major industries: iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires Crude steel: 4.28 million metric tons produced (1977), 11.8 metric tons per capita Electric power: 1,350,000 kW capacity (1977); 1,600 million kWh produced (1977), 4,420 kWh per Exports: see Belgium Imports: see Belgium Major trade partners: Luxembourg and Belgium form an economic and customs union and report their foreign trade jointly (see Belgium); Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products; principal imports are coal and consumer products; most foreign trade is with Germany, Belgium, and other EC countries Budget (1977) expenditures $1,046 million, revenues $1,026 million, deficit $20 million Monetary conversion rate: LF36.36=US$1, 1976 aver- age; under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal to the Belgian franc which circulates freely in Luxembourg Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS 160 km Railroads: 270 km standard gage (1.435 m); double track; 136 km electrified Highways: 4,985 km total; all paved; about 80 km limited access divided highway completed or under construction Inland waterways: 37 km; Moselle River Pipelines: refined products, 48 km Port: (river) Mertert Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in and 1 leased out Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in Telecommunications: adequate and efficient system; 158,000 telephones (44.2 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 3 FM, 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 83,000; 71,000 fit for military service; about 3,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $28,794,467, 3.5% of the central government budget MACAO LAND 15.5 km2; 10% agricultural, 90% urban Land boundaries: 201 in WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm; fishing, 12 nm Coastline: 40 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MACAO/MADAGASCAR Y7GT-NA HONG KONG MACAO South China Sea PEOPLE Population: 251,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1972) Nationality: noun-Macaon(s); adjective-Macaon Ethnic divisions: 99% Chinese, 1% Portuguese Religion: mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, about one-half are Chinese Language: 98% Chinese, 2% Portuguese Literacy: almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese population Labor force: 5% agriculture, 30% manufacturing, 3% construction, 1% utilities, 27% commerce, 8% transportation and communications, 26% services (1960 data) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Province of Macao Type: overseas province of Portugal Capital: Lisbon (Portugal) Political subdivisions: municipality of Macao, and 2 islands Legal system: Portuguese civil law system Branches: 17-member Legislative Assembly, with Gover- nor and 5 appointed, 1 specially nominated, and 10 elected representatives Government leader: Col. Eduardo Garcia Leandro Suffrage: Portuguese, Chinese and foreign residents over 18 Elections: conducted every 4 years; last held 1976 Political parties and leaders: Association to Defend the Interests of Macao; Macao Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macao; Macao Independent Group Communists: numbers unknown Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Com- munist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 Macao Government acceded to Chinese demands which gave Chinese veto power over administration of the enclave ECONOMY Agriculture: main crops-rice, vegetables; food short- ages-rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements Major industries: textiles, fireworks Electric power: 116,000 kW capacity (1977); 210 million kWh produced (1977), 835 kWh per capita Exports: $185 million (f.o.b., 1976); textiles and clothing, foodstuffs Imports: $160 million (c.i.f., 1976) Major trade partners: exports-23% West Germany, 17% France, 10% U.K.; imports-68% Hong Kong, 24% China (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 patacas=US$1 (December 1975); pataca has been pegged to Hong Kong dollar starting in 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 42 km paved Ports: 1 major Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fairly modern communication fa- cilities provide adequate services for domestic and interna- tional requirements; broadcasting coverage is provided by AM and FM radio facilities and a wired broadcast network; 11,765 telephones; 75,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 2 FM and no TV stations; no submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 60,000; 35,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Portugal Personnel: there are no Portuguese military personnel in Macao MADAGASCAR LAND 595,700 km'; 5% cultivated, 58% pastureland, 21% forested, 8% wasteland, 2% rivers and lakes, 6% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 4,828 km PEOPLE Population: 8,158,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Malagasy (sing. and pl.); adjective- Malagasy Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Ethnic divisions: basic split between highlanders of predominantly Malayo-Indonesian origin, consisting of Mer- ina (1,643,000) and related Betsileo (760,000), on the one hand, and coastal tribes with mixed Negroid, Malayo-Indo- nesian, and Arab ancestry on the other; coastal tribes include Betsimisaraka 941,000, Tsimihety 442,000, Sakalava 375,000, Antaisaka 415,000; there are also 10-12,000 European French, 5,000 Indians of French nationality, and 5,000 Creoles Religion: more than half animist; about 41% Christian, 7% Muslim Language: French and Malagasy official Literacy: 45% of population age 10 and over Labor force: about 3.4 million, of which 90% are nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agricul- ture; of 175,000 wage and salary earners, 26% agriculture, 17% domestic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11% construction, 9% services, 6% transportation, 2% miscel- laneous Organized labor: 4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Madagascar Type: republic; real authority in hands of military- dominated Supreme Revolutionary Council Capital: Antananarivo Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; constitution of 1959 modified in October 1972 by law establishing provisional government institutions; new constitution accepted by referendum in December 1975; legal education at National School of Law, University of Madagascar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 26 June Branches: executive-a 21-member Supreme Revolution- ary Council (made up of military and political leaders); assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; People's National Assembly; Military Committee for Development; regular courts are patterned after French system, and a High Council of Institutions reviews all legislation to determine its constitutional validity Government leader: Commander Didier Ratsiraka, President Suffrage: universal for adults (18 and above) Elections: referendum held in December 1975 gave overwhelming approval to government and new constitu- tion; elections for People's National Assembly held in June 1977; only one political grouping allowed to take part in the election, "The Front for the Defense of Malagasy Socialist Revolution," which presented a single list of candidates Political parties and leaders: 6 parties are now allowed political activity under the National Front and are represented on the Supreme Revolutionary Council; the 6 parties are: AREMA (President Ratsiraka's Advance Guard of the Malagasy Revolution); AKFM (Pastor Richard Andriamaniato's pro-Soviet Congress Party for Malagasy Independence); VONJY (Dr. Pazanabahiny Marojama's Movement for National Unity); UDECMA (Norbert Andria- morasata's Malagasy Christian Democratic Union); MFM (Manandafy Rakotonirina's Militants for the Establishment of a Proletarian Regime); MONIMA (Mouvement Nationale pour L'Independence de Madagascar) party apparently split over issue of joining National Front, leader of faction supporting Front unknown, Monja Jaona leads other faction Voting strength: number of registered voters (1977)-3.5 million; in 1977 local elections, President Ratsiraka's AREMA captured approximately 89.5% of the 73,000 available positions on 11,400 local Executive Committees; AKFM won about 7.3% of the seats, MONIMA 1.7%, and VONJY 1.4%; UDECMA won only about 45 seats Communists: Communist party of virtually no impor- tance; small and vocal group of Communists has gained strong position in leadership of AKFM, the rank and file of which is non-Communist Member of: EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.9 billion (1977 est.), about $220 per capita; real growth less than 1% (1970-75) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, vanilla, cloves, sugar, tobacco, sisal, rice, raphia; food crops-rice, cassava, cereals, potatoes, corn, beans, bananas, coconuts, and peanuts; animal husbandry widespread; imports some rice, milk, and cereal Fishing: catch 56,000 metric tons (1975); exports $16.5 million (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement plant, auto assembly plant, paper mill, oil refinery Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Electric power: 95,000 kW capacity (1977); 465 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $294 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 30% coffee, 8% vanilla, 7% sugar, 6% cloves; agricultural and livestock products account for about 85% of export earnings Imports: $318 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); consumer goods about 19%, 21% foodstuffs, 41% primary products (crude oil, fertilizers, metal products), 19% capital goods (1974) Major trade partners: France (in 1974 accounted for 37% of exports and 48% of imports), U.S., EC; trade with Communist countries remains a minute part of total trade Budget: (FY75) revenues $450 million (including $78 million projected borrowing), expenditures $417 million of which $300 million current, $117 million development Monetary conversion rate: 248 Malagasy francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 884 km of meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 26,992 km total; 4,285 km paved, 228 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved and unimproved earth (est.) Inland waterways: of local importance only, Lake Alaotra, isolated streams and portions of Canal des Pangalanes Ports: 4 major (Tamatave, Diego Suarez, Majunga, Tulear) Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased out) Airfields: 211 total, 118 usable; 28 with permanent-sur- face runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system above African average; includes open-wire lines, some radio-relay and coaxial links and 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station; 28,000 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,751,000; 1,034,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 84,000 MALAWI LAND 95,053 km'; about 31% of land area arable (of which less than half is cultivated), nearly 25% forested, 6% meadow and pasture, 38% other Land boundaries: 2,881 km PEOPLE Population: 5,694,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (8-66 to 10-77) Nationality: noun-Malawian(s); adjective-Malawian Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: majority animist; rest Christian and Muslim Language: English and Chichewa official; Lomwe is second African language Literacy: 15% of population Labor force: 225,000 wage earners employed in Malawi (1974); 30% agriculture, 11% construction, 10% commerce, 13% manufacturing, 10% administration, 26% miscellaneous services; 6,000 Europeans permanently employed Organized labor: small minority of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malawi Type: republic since July 1966; independent member of Commonwealth since July 1964 Capital: Lilongwe Political subdivisions: 3 administrative regions and 23 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Republic Day, 6 July Branches: strong presidential system with cabinet ap- pointed by President; unicameral National Assembly of 60 elected and 15 nominated members; High Court with Chief Justice and at least 2 justices Government leader: Life President H. Kamuzu Banda Suffrage: universal adult Elections: parliamentary elections scheduled to be held before the end of 1978 Political parties and leaders: Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Dr. H. Kamuzu Banda Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Communists: no Communist Party; Malawi maintains no foreign relations with Communist governments Member of: AFDB, EEC (associate member), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $840 million (1977 est.), $150 per capita; real growth rate 5.5% (1973-75) Agriculture: cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, tung, maize; subsistence crops-corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice Electric power: 105,000 kW capacity (1977); 315 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Major industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods Exports: $224 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton Imports: $24 billion (c.i.f., 1977 est.); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, building and construction materials, fuel, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.K., other EC, Rhodesia, South Africa; imports-South Africa, U.K., Rhodesia, other EC Aid: economic-U.K. provides major development sup- port, about $144 million (1964-74); U.S. aid commitments, $31.6 million (FY56-76); military-U.K., $2.4 million (1954-68) Budget: FY77/78 revenues $113 million; expenditures $106 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Malawi kwacha=US$1.12 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 566 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 14,913 km total; 1,385 km paved; 631 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 8,714 km improved earth, 4,183 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Malawi, 1,290 km and Shire River, 144 km, 3 lake ports Ports: no maritime ports Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 46 total, 46 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is above average for African countries and consists of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe, and Muzuzu; 19,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 pop1.); 6 AM, 4 FM and no TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,104,000; about 561,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $14.0 million; 6.7% of recurrent central government budget MALAYSIA NOTE: Malaysia, which came into being on 16 September 1963, consists of Peninsular Malaysia, which includes 11 states of the former Federation of Malaya, plus East Malaysia, which includes the 2 former colonies of North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak LAND Peninsular Malaysia: 131,313 km'; 20% cultivated, 26% forest reserves, 54% other Sabah: 76,146 km'; 13% cultivated, 34% forest reserves, 53% other Sarawak: 125,097 kml;_ 21% cultivated, 24% forest reserves, 55% other Land boundaries: 509 km Peninsular Malaysia, 1,786 km East Malaysia WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,068 km Peninsular Malaysia, 2,607 km East Malaysia PEOPLE Population: 12,864,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Peninsular Malaysia: 10,725,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-70 to 7-76) Sabah: 948,000, average annual growth rate 4.8% (7-70 to 7-76) Sarawak: 1,191,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (8-70 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Malaysian(s); adjective-Malaysian Ethnic divisions: Malaysia: 50% Malay, 35% Chinese, 10% Indian Peninsular Malaysia: 53% Malay, 35% Chinese, 11% Indian and Pakistani, 1% other Sabah: 21% Chinese, 69% indigenous tribes, 10% other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Sarawak: 30% Chinese, 50% indigenous tribes, 19% Malay, 1% other Religion: Peninsular Malaysia: Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese Predominantly Buddhists, Indians predominantly Hindu Sabah: 38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other Sarawak: 23% Muslim, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 35% tribal religion, 2% other Language: Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official); English, Chinese dialects, Tamil Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages Literacy: Peninsular Malaysia: about 48% Sabah and Sarawak: 23% Labor force: Malaysia: 4.2 million (1975) Peninsular Malaysia: 3.6 million; 46.2% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 10.9% manufacturing and construction, 31.9% trade, transport, and services (1975) .Sabah: 213,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade and transportation, 1% other Sarawak: 341,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade, transportation, and services, 1% other Organized labor: 500,000 (1975 est.), about 15% of total labor force; unemployment about 7% of total labor force, but higher in urban areas GOVERNMENT Legal name: Malaysia Type: Malaysia: constitutional monarchy nominally headed by Paramount Ruler (King); a bicameral Parliament consisting of a 58-member Senate and a 154-member House of Representatives Peninsular Malaysian states: hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Malacca where Governors appointed by Malaysian Government; powers of state governments limited by federal constitution Sabah: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 16 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government Sarawak: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 24 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, and internal security, and other powers are delegated to federal government Capital: Peninsular Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Sabah: Kota Kinabalu Sarawak: Kuching Political subdivisions: 13 states (including Sabah and Sarawak) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into force 1963; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of Supreme Head of the Federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 31 August Branches: 9 state rulers alternate as Paramount Ruler for 5-year terms; locus of executive power vested in Prime Minister and cabinet, who are responsible to bicameral parliament; following communal rioting in May 1969, government imposed state of emergency and suspended constitutional rights of all parliamentary bodies; parliamen- tary democracy resumed in February 1971 Peninsular Malaysia: executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are similar in design; a Chief Minister, appointed by hereditary ruler or Governor, heads an executive council (cabinet) which is responsible to an elected, unicameral legislature Sarawak and Sabah: executive branch headed by Governor appointed by central government, largely ceremo- nial role; executive power exercised by Chief Minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature; judiciary part of Malaysian judicial system Government leader: Head of State, Hussein Orin Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: minimum of every 5 years, last elections August 1974 Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia: National Front, a confederation of 11 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Hussein Orin; opposition parties are Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Islamic Party (PAS) Sabah: Berjaya Party, Datak Harris Sallah; United Sabah National Organization (USNO), Tan Sri Haii Mohd Said Keruak; Sabah Chinese Association (SCA), Khoo Siak Chiew Sarawak: coalition Sarawak Alliance composed of the Pesaka/Bumipatra Party, Rahman Yaacub, the United People's Party (SUPP), Ong Kee Hui, and Sarawak Chinese Association; Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Stephen Ningkan; Sarawak Native Peoples Party (PAJAR), Alli Kawi Voting strength: Peninsular Malaysia: (1974 election) National Front controls 135 of 154 seats in lower house of parliament Sabah: (April 1976 Assembly Elections) Berjaya Party controls 35 of 54 seats in State Assembly, USNO controls 19 remaining seats Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Sarawak: (1974 elections) National Front controls all 48 State Assembly seats Communists: Peninsular Malaysia: approximately 3,000 armed insurgents on Thailand side of Thai/Malaysia border; approximately 300 full-time inside Peninsular Malaysia Sarawak: 125 armed insurgents in Sarawak Sabah: insignificant Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: Malaysia: $12.4 billion (1977), $989 per capita; average annual real growth 7.8% (1970-76); 8.0% (1977) Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, oil palm, rice; 10%-15% of rice requirements imported Sabah: mainly subsistence; main crops-rubber, tim- ber, coconut, rice; food deficit-rice Sarawak: main crops-rubber, timber, pepper; food deficit-rice Fishing: catch 376,690 metric tons (1975) Major industries: Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, elec- tronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber Sabah: logging, petroleum production Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging Electric power: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,475,000 kW capacity (1977); 6.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 550 kWh per capita Sabah: 124,200 kW capacity (1977); 330 million kWh produced (1977), 375 kWh per capita Sarawak: 91,000 kW capacity (1977); 250 million kWh produced (1977), 185 kWh per capita Exports: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); natural rubber, palm oil, tin, timber, petroleum Imports: $5.0 billion (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: exports-19% Singapore, 18% U.S., 20% Japan; imports-21% Japan, 11% U.K., 12% U.S., 9% Singapore Aid: U.S. economic 1970-76, $23.1 million; military $64.7 million; Western (except U.S.), $562.6 million; OPEC, 1974- 76, $186.5 million Budget: 1977 revenues $3.0 billion; expenditures $3.7 billion; deficit $700 million; 20% military, 80% civilian Monetary conversion rate: (Malaysia) 2.36 ringgits= US$1 (February 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,665 km 1.04-meter gage; 13 km double track; government-owned East Malaysia: 154 km meter gage (1.00 m) in Sabah Highways: Peninsular Malaysia: 19,753 km total; 15,900 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 2,970 km crushed stone/gravel, 883 km improved or unimproved earth East Malaysia: about 5,426 km total (1,644 km in Sarawak, 3,782 km in Sabah); 819 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 2,936 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,671 km earth Inland waterways: Peninsular Malaysia: 3,194 km East Malaysia: 4,087 km (1,569 km in Sabah, 2,518 km in Sarawak) Ports: Peninsular Malaysia: 2 major, 15 minor East Malaysia: 1 major, 14 minor (5 minor in Sabah; 1 major, 9 minor in Sarawak) Civil air: approximately 27 major transport aircraft Pipelines: crude oil, 69 km; refined products, 56 km Airfields: Peninsular Malaysia: 60 total, 60 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Sabah: 34 total, 34 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Sarawak: 45 total, 45 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: Peninsular Malaysia: good intercity service provided mainly by microwave relay; international service good; good coverage by radio and television broadcasts; 278,000 telephones (2.7 per 100 popl.); 26 AM, 1 FM, and 16 TV stations; submarine cables extend to India, Sri Lanka, and Singapore; connected to SEACOM submarine cable terminal at Singapore by microwave relay; 1 ground satellite station Sabah: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sarawak via Brunei; 23,068 telephones (2.7 per 100 pop].); 5 AM, 1 FM, 5 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore; 1 ground satellite station Sarawak: adequate intercity radio-relay network ex- tends to Sabah via Brunei; 28,000 telephones (2.4 per 100 popl.); 4 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Peninsular Malaysia: males 15-49, 2,421,000; 1,535,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MALAYSIA/MALDIVES Sabah: males 15-49, 195,000; 114,000 fit for military service Sarawak: males 15-49, 258,000; 154,000 fit for military service; conscription age for Malaysia is 21-an age reached by about 1.25,000 annually External defense dependent on loose Five Power Defense Agreement (FPDA) which replaced Anglo-Malayan Defense Agreement of 1957 .as amended in 1963 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $689 million; about 13.4% of central government budget MALDIVES Arabian Sea Laccadive "LANKA Sea LAND 298 km2; 2,000 islands grouped into 12 atolls, about 220 islands inhabited WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): the land and sea between latitudes 7?9'N. and 0?45'S. and between longi- tudes 72?30'E. and 73?48'E; these coordinates form a rectangle of approximately 37,000 nm2; territorial sea ranges from 2.75 to 55 nm; fishing, approximately 100 nm Coastline: 644 km (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 141,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Maldivian(s); adjective-Maldivian Ethnic divisions: admixtures of Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, and Negro Religion: official Sunni Muslim Language: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala) Literacy: largely illiterate Labor force: fishing industry employs most of the male population GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Maldives Type: republic Capital: Male Political subdivisions: 19 administrative districts corre- sponding to atolls Legal system: based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 26 July Branches: popularly elected unicameral national legisla- ture (Majlis) (members elected for 5-year terms); elected President, chief executive; appointed Chief Justice responsi- ble for administration of Islamic law Government leader: President Ibrahim Nasir Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: no organized political parties; country governed by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries Communists: negligible number Member of: Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77 GATT (de facto), 1MCO, ITU, NAM, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $17.4 million (1974), $135 per capita Agriculture: crops-coconut and millet; shortages-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 27,900 metric tons (1975) Major industries: fishing; some coconut processing Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1977); 6 million kWh produced (1977), 50 kWh per capita Exports: $3 million (1975); fish Imports: $9.3 million (1975) Major trade partners: Sri Lanka, Japan Aid: U.K. (1960-65), $1.4 million drawn; Sri Lanka (1967), $1 million committed; Kuwait $5 million; other OPEC countries, Japan and India (amounts not known) Monetary conversion rate: 3.93 Maldivian rupees=US$1, official rate; 8.5 rupees=US$1, market rate (February 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: minimal domestic and internation- al telecommunication facilities; 480 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station; 1 Comsat station under construction Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September Branches: executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11 army officers; under MCNL functional cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary Government leaders: Col. Moussa Traore, President of MCNL, Chief of State and head of government Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: political activity proscribed by military government but government in process of forming new single party called the Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM) Elections: MCNL promises elections at unspecified date Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Atlantic Ocean LAND 1,204,350 km'; only about a fourth of area arable, forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert Land boundaries: 7,459 km PEOPLE Population: 6,284,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Malian(s); adjective-Malian Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% anin.ist, 1% Christian Language: French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread Literacy: under 5% Labor force: approximately 100,000 salaried, 50,000 of whom are employed by the government; most of population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: Union National des Travailleurs Maliens (UNTM) is umbrella organization over thirteen national unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Mali Type: republic; under military regime since November 1968 Capital: Bamako Political subdivisions: 6 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1974, comes into full effect in 1979; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction ECONOMY GDP: about $590 million (1976), $100 per capita; annual real growth rate 5.8% (1973-76) Agriculture: main crops-millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops-peanuts, cotton, livestock Fishing: catch 100,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing Electric power: 42,000 kW capacity (1977); 105 million kWh produced (1977), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $95 million (f.o.b., 1976); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins Imports: $113 million (c.i.f., 1976); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with U.S.S.R., China Budget: 1976 balanced at $110 million Monetary conversion rate: 485.38 Mali francs=US$1, November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 642 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: approximately 15,699 km total; 1,669 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 42 total, 38 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Telecommunications: domestic system poor and provides only minimal service; open-wire and radiocommunication used for long distance telecommunications; 78,000 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,364,000; 767,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $19,419,900; about 18% of central government budget LAND 313 km2; 45% agricultural, negligible amount forested, remainder urban, waste, or other (1965) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 20 nm) Coastline: 140 km PEOPLE Population: 334,000 (official estimate for 31 August 1977) Nationality: noun Maltese (sing. and pl. ); adjec- tive Maltese Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, British Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Language: English and Maltese Literacy: about 83%; compulsory education introduced in 1946 Labor force: 119,554 (November 1977); 32% services (except government), 18% government (except job corps), 5% job corps, 26% manufacturing, 6% agriculture, 3% construction, 5% utilities and drydocks; 4% registered unemployed Organized labor: approximately 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malta Type: parliamentary democracy, independent republic within the Commonwealth since December 1974 Capital: Valletta Political subdivisions: 2 main populated islands, Malta and Gozo, divided into 13 electoral districts (divisions) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into force 1964; has accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive, consisting of Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative, comprising 65-member House of Repre- sentatives; independent judiciary National holiday: Republic Day, 13 December Government leader: Prime Minister Dom Mintoff Suffrage: universal over age 18; registration required Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Minister, but must be held before the expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, Edward Fenech Adami; Malta Labor Party, Dom Mintoff Voting strength (1976 election): Labor, 34 seats (51.54%); Nationalist, 31 seats (48.43%) Communists: less than 100 (est.) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, C- 77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $609 million (1977), $1,970 per capita; 72% private consumption, 26% gross investment; 17% government consumption, - 15% net foreign sector; in 1977 real GNP growth was 9% (1977 prelim.); 12.5% (1971-76 average) Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; adequate sup- plies of vegetables, poultry, milk and pork products; shortages in beef, grain, animal fodder, and fruits at various seasons; main products-potatoes, cauliflowers, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; 2,680 calories per day per capita Major industries: ship repair yard, clothing, building industry, food manufacturing, textiles, tourism Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be imported Electric power: 115,700 kW capacity (1977); 420 million kWh produced (1977), 1,305 kWh per capita Exports: $229 million (f.o.b., 1976); clothing, textiles, ships, printed matter Imports: $423 million (c.i.f., 1976) 130 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Major trade partners: 70% EC-nine (22% U.K., 15% West Germany, 13% Italy); 7% U.S. (1976) Aid: economic authorizations: U.S., $55 million (FY70- 76); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $112 million (1970-76); China, $45 million (1972); OPEC, $22 million (1974-76) Budget: (1978/79) projects $259 million in expenditures, $237 million in revenues Monetary conversion rate: 1 Maltese pound=US$2.37 (average 1977) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,271 km total; 1,159 km paved (asphalt), 77 km crushed stone or gravel, 35 km improved and unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Valletta), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft, including 4 leased in Airfields: 4 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern automatic telephone sys- tem centered in Valletta; 62,200 telephones (19.6 per 100 popl.); 1 TV, 5 AM, and 4 FM stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 91,000; 70,000 fit for military service Supply: has received 2 patrol boats, small arms, and mortars from Libya; vehicles and engineer equipment from Italy Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $11,032,210 (includes funds for Pioneer Corps and the Arms of Malta, totaling about $8 million); about 6% of central government budget MARTINIQUE LAND 1,100 km2; 31% cropland, 16% pasture, 29% forest, 24% wasteland, built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 290 km PEOPLE Population: 327,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.2% (10-67 to 10-74) Nationality: noun Martiniquais (sing. and pl.); adjective Martiniquais Ethnic divisions: 90% African and African-Caucasian- Indian mixture, less than 5% East Indian Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian DOMINICAN Atlantic Ocean A REPUBLIC MARTINIQUE a Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, Creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 100,000; 23% agriculture, 20% public services, 11% construction and public works, 10% commerce and banking, 10% services, 9% industry, 17% other Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of Martinique Type: overseas department of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate; incumbent deputies Aime Cesaire, Camille Petit, and Victor Sable reelected to National Assembly, 12 March 1978 Capital: Fort-de-France Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive, popularly elected council of 36 members and a Regional Council including all members of the local general council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseilleur Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections normally are held every five years; last General Council election took place in March 1976; last local election held March 1977, last French Presidential election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement Pour la Republique (RPR), Emile Maurice; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist Party of Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Martinique (UDM), Leon-Laurent Valere; Socialist Party, leader unknown; Federation of the Left, leader unknown Voting strength: RPR, 2 seats in French National Assembly; PPM, 1 seat (1973 election) Communists: 1,000 estimated Other political or pressure groups: Proletarian Action Group (GAP), Socialist Revolution Group (GRS) ECONOMY GNP: $769 million (1975 at current prices), $2,220 per capita Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, and pineapples Major industries: agricultural processing, particularly sugar milling and rum distillation; cement, oil refining and tourism Electric power: 95,500 kW capacity (1977); 150 million kWh produced (1977), 420 kWh per capita Exports: $103 million (f.o.b., 1976); bananas, refined petroleum products, rum, sugar, pineapples Imports: $324 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trading partners: exports-82% France, 9% Italy, 9% other; imports-70% France, 6% United States, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 18% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.75 French francs=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,450 km total; 1,000 km paved, 450 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major ( Fort-de-France), 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 34,700 telephones (10.2 per 100 popl.); inter-island VHF and UHF radio links; COMSAT ground station; 1 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included in France MAURITANIA LAND 1,085,210 km2; less than 1% suitable for crops, [0% pasture, 90% desert Land boundaries: 5,118 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (fishing, 36 nm) Coastline: 754 km PEOPLE Population: 1,542,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Mauritanian(s); adjective- Mauri- tanian Ethnic divisions: nearly one third Moor, at least one third Negro, one third mix Moor/Negro Religion: nearly 100% Muslim Language: Hassaniya Arabic is the national language spoken by some 80% of the population, French is the working language for government and commerce Literacy: about 10% Labor force: about 35,000 wage earners (1976); remain- der of population in farming and herding; considerable unemployment Organized labor: 18,000 union members claimed by single union, Mauritanian Workers' Union GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Type: republic; one-party presidential rule since 1960 Capital: Nouakchott Political subdivisions: 12 regions and a capital district NOTE: Mauritania has acquired administrative control of the southern third of Western (formerly Spanish) Sahara under an agreement with Morocco, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as co-administrator of the disputed territory ended February 1976. The newly acquired region, which lies below the 24th parallel, becomes the district of Tiris el Gharbia-a territorial division of the state. The district's headquarters is Dakhla, formerly Villa Cisneros. Tiris el Gharbia is subdivided into three departments-Dakhla, Ausert, and Aargub. 132 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MAURITANIA/MAURITIUS Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November Branches: executive, pointed by president) Government leader: President; separate judiciary (ap- Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: presidential and parliamentary election every 5 years; most recent October 1975 Political parties and leaders: Mauritanian Peoples Party is only legal party, Secretary General Moktar Ould Daddah Communists: no Communist Party, but there is a scattering of Maoist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, CEAO, CIPEC (associate), EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Develop- ment of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about 320 million (1975), $240 per capita, average annual increase in current prices about 3.2% (1971-73) Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main products-livestock, small grains, dates; cash crops-gum arabic; livestock Fishing: catch, 34,170 metric tons; exports, 29,891 metric tons (1975) Major industries: mining of iron ore and copper, fishing Electric power: 70,000 kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh produced (1977), 70 kWh per capita Exports: $196 million (f.o.b., 1976); iron ore, fish, copper Imports: $215 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, capital goods Major trade partners: (trade figures not complete because Mauritania has a form of customs union with Senegal and much local trade unreported) France and other EC members, U.K., and U.S. are main overseas partners Budget: 1976 est. $139 million total expenditures, $11 million development expenditure included in $139 million total, $149 million revenue Monetary conversion rate: 46.12 Ouguiyas=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 650 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, privately owned Highways: 6,090 km total; 558 km paved; 607 km gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved; 4,925 km unimproved Inland waterways: 800 km Ports: 1 major (Nouadhibou), 2 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 29 total, 29 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: poor system of fragmentary open- wire lines, a minor radio-relay link, and radiocommunica- tions stations; 2,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 321,000; 153,000 fit for military service; conscription law not implemented Supply: primarily dependent on France; has also received material from Algeria, Morocco, U.K., and Spain Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976 (revised), $29 million; 22% of central government budget MAURITIUS LAND 1,856 km2 (excluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, intensely cultivated; 39% forests, woodlands, mountains, river, and natural reserves; 3% built-up areas; 5% water bodies, 2% roads and tracks, 1% permanent wastelands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 177 km PEOPLE Population: 918,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.3% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Mauritian(s); adjective-Mauritian Ethnic divisions: 67% Indians, 29% Creoles, 3.5% Chinese, 0.5% English and French Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Religion: 51% Hindu, 33% Christian (mostly Catholic with a few Anglican Protestants), 16% Muslim Language: English official language; Hindi, Chinese, French Creole Literacy: estimated 60% for those over 21, and 90% for those of school age Labor force: 175,000; 50% agriculture, 6% industry; 20% government services; 14% are unemployed, underemployed, or self-employed, 10% other Organized labor: about 35% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mauritius Type: independent state since 1968, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Port Louis Political subdivisions: 5 organized municipalities and various island dependencies Legal system: based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitu- tion adopted 6 March 1968 National holiday: Independence Day, 12 March Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 21-man Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (National Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected Government leader: Prime Minister Dr. Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections held in municipal elections held in 1977 Political parties and leaders: a government coalition consisting of Labor Party (S. Ramgoolam) and Parti Mauricien Social Democrate (G. Duval); opposition parties- Independent Forward Bloc (S. Bissoondoyal), Mauritius Democratic Union (M. Lesage), Mouvement Militant Mauri- tian (P. Berenger), Mouvement Militant Mauritian Socialiste Progressist (D. Virahsawmy) Voting strength: Mauritius Labor Party, 29 seats; Parti Mauricien Social Democrate, 8 seats; Movement Militant Mauritian, 32 seats; I independent Communists: may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Com- munist organizations; Mauritius Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist Party, Mauritius People%~ Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League, Mauritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association, Mauri- tius/USSR Friendship Society Other political or pressure groups: Tamil United Party, Mauritius Workers Party Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO WMO ECONOMY GNP: $572 million (1976), $680 per capita; real growth (1970-76), 6% Agriculture: sugar crop is major economic asset; about 40% of land area is planted to sugar; most food imported- rice is the staple food-and since cultivation is already intense and expansion of cultivable areas is unlikely, heavy reliance on food imports except sugar and tea will continue Shortage: land Industries: mainly confined to processing sugarcane, tea; some small-scale, simple manufactures; tobacco fiber; some fishing; tourism, diamond cutting, weaving and textiles, electronics Electric power: 81,000 kW capacity (1977); 312 million kWh produced (1977), 340 kWh per capita Exports: $300 million (f.o.b., est. 1977); mainly sugar, tea, molasses Imports: $339 million (c.i.f., est. 1977); foodstuffs 30%, manufactured goods about 25% Major trade partners: all EC-nine countries and U.S. have preferential treatment, U.K. buys over 50% of Mauritius' sugar export at heavily subsidized prices; small amount of sugar exported to Canada, U.S., and Italy; imports from U.K. and EC primarily, also from South Africa, Australia, and Burma; some minor trade with China Budget: revenues $172 million, current expenditures $168 million, investment expenditure $65 million (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 6.7 Mauritian rupees=US$1 in August 1976 (floating with pound sterling) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,786 km total; 1,636 km paved, 150 km earth Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in Ports: I major (Port Louis) Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: radio telegraph service with Re- union, Malagasy Republic, Seychelles, Zanzibar, and other places in Africa; 1 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 26,500 telephones (2.9 per 100 pop].); 1 Indian Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 205,000; 106,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1973, $3,981,038; 6.5% of central government budget 134 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MEXICO MEXICO Gulf of Mexico MEXICO a LAND 1,978,800 km?; 12% cropland, 40% pasture, 22% forested, 26% other (including waste, urban areas and public lands) Land boundaries: 4,220 km WATER (fishing 200 Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm rim), 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 9,330 km PEOPLE Population: 65,833,000 (July th rate 34% (current) average annual grow : noun-Mexican(s); adjective-Mexican Nationality 30% Indian Ethnic divisions: 60% mestizo, or predomi nantly Indian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1% other Religion: 97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% other Language: Spanish ? 65% estimated; 84% claimed officially National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September Branches: dominant executive, bicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President Jose Lopez Portillo Suffrage: universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced Elections: congressional elections July 1979 Estitutional Political parties and leaders: In Revolutionary Party (PRI), Carlos Sansores Perez; National Action Party (PAN), Manuel Gonzalez Hinoiosa; Popular Socialist Party (ppS), Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Authentic Party of the Revolution (PARM), Pedro Gonzalez Azcuaga Voting strength: 1976 presidential election: 98.7% PRI (unopposed), 1.3% other; 1976 congressional election: 80.2% PRI; 8.5% PAN; 5.8% other opposition (votes cast for PPS, PARM, and unregistered candidates), 5.4% annulled Communists: Mexican Communist Party (estimated 25,000) and other far-left parties seeking legal registration under government's 1977 political reform program Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers Con- federation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confed- eration of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCA- NACO), National Cofederation of Campesinos (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC) Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, LAFTA, NAMUCAR (Carribean Multinational Shipping Line-Navier UPMulttinHO Multinacional del Caribe), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Literacy Labor force: 16.5 million (1977) (defined as those 12 years of age and older); 39.5% agriculture, 16.7% manufacturing, 16.6% services, 16.8% construction, utilities, commerce, and transport, 3% government, 7.4% unspecified activities; 9% unemployed, 40% underemployed organized labor: 20% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Mexican States Type: federal republic operating in fact under a centralized government Capital: Mexico Political subdivisions: 31 states, Federal District Legal system: mixture of U.S. constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution established in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations ECONOMY GDP: $72.5 billion (1977 est.), $1,160 per capita; 66% private consumption, 16% public consumption, 13t private f investment, 7% public investment ( )s balance - 2%; real growth rate 1977, 2.8% est. Agriculture: oilseeds, pulses, and vegetables; general sugarcane, , sorghum, self-sufficiency with minor exceptions in meat and dairy t products; caloric intake, 3,110 calories per day per (1968) exports valued Fishing: catch 515,000 metric tons (1976); at $151.3 million, imports at $17.8 million (1975) Major industries: processing of food, beverages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment 5.5 Crude steel: 9.0 million metric tons capacity (1977); 5 million metric tons produced (1977) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MEXICO/MONACO Electric Power: 13,900,000 kW capacity (1977); 49.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 755 kWh per capita Exports: $4,596 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), sugar, shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cattle and meat, fresh fruit, tomatoes, machinery and equipment Imports: $5,487.5 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, equipment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods Major trade partners: exports-63% U.S., 5% EC, 2% Japan (1977); imports-64% U.S., 15% EC, 5% Japan Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $119 million in loans; $165 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-76), $3,357 million; from other Western countries (1960-66), $122.7 million; military-assistance from U S (FY46 . . -76), $14 million Budget: 1978 federal, revenues expenditures $634 billion pesos $434 billion pesos, Monetary conversion rate: floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 19,680 km total; 18,576 km standard gage (1.435 m); 1,104 km narrow gage (0.914 m); 102 km electrified; 19,573 km government-owned, 107 km privately-owned Highways: 175,500 km total; 74,000 km paved, 85,500 km otherwise improved, 16,000 km unimproved Inland waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil, 3,910 km; refined products, 3,490 km; natural gas, 5,710 km Ports: 9 major, 20 minor in) Civil air: 128 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased Airfields: 2,015 total, 1,959 usable; 140 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 270 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 9 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with extensive radio-relay links; connection into Central American microwave net; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station; 3.31 million telephones (5.2 per 100 pop].); 574 AM, 109 FM, and 163 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,867,000; 10,558,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 738,000 Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1978, $632.8 million; about 2.9% of direct federal budget (includes merchant marine and military industry) MONACO LAND 1.5 km2 Land boundaries: 3.7 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): Coastline: 4.1 km PEOPLE Population: 25,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1976) Nationality: noun-Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjec- tive-Monacan or Monegasque Ethnic divisions: Rhaetian stock Religion: Roman Catholicism Language: French Literacy: almost complete GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Monaco Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Monaco Political subdivisions: 4 sections Legal system: based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Nati l ona holiday: 19 November Branches: National Council (18 members); Council (15 members, headed by a mayor) Government leader: Prince Rainier III Suffrage: universal Elections: National Council every 5 years; most recent 1978 Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Entente, Democratic Union Movement, Monegasque Action- ist (1973) Voting strength: figures for 1978: National Democratic Entente, 18 seats Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Member of: IAEA, IHO, IPU, ITU, U.N. (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: 55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primar- ily tourist oriented); 10%-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino Major industries: chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing Electric power: 8,000 (standby) kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh supplied by France (1977) Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc=US$0.2102 (1977 average) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1.6 km of 1.435 m gage Highways: none; city streets Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: served by the French communica- tions system; automatic telephone system with about 23,700 telephones (96.5 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES France responsible for defense MONGOLIA LAND 1,564,619 km2; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than 1% arable, 10% forested Land boundaries: 8,000 km PEOPLE Population: 1,587,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Mongolian(s); adjective-Mongolian Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese Literacy: about 80% Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mongolian People's Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Ulaanbaatar Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar and Darhan) Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitu- tional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: People's Revolution Day, 11 July Branches: constitution provides for a People's Great Mural (national assembly) and a highly centralized administration Party and government leaders: Y. Tsedenbal, First Secretary of the MPRP and Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural; J. Batmunh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers Suffrage: universal; age 18 and over Elections: national assembly elections held every 4 years; last election held June 1977 Political party: Mongolian People's Revolutionary (Com- munist) Party (MPRP); estimated membership, 67,000 (1976) Member of: CEMA, ESCAP, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising predominates; main crops- wheat, oats, barley Industries: processing of animal products; building materials; mining Electric power: 332,000 kW capacity (1977); 995 million kWh produced (1977), 637 kWh per capita 137 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Exports: beef for slaughter meat products, wool, fluorspar, other minerals Imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials, sugar, and tea Major trade partners: nearly all trade with Communist countries (approx. 85% with U.S.S.R.); total turnover about $900 million (1976) Aid: heavily dependent on U.S.S.R. Monetary conversion rate: 3.30 tugriks=US$I (arbitrar- ily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,516 km; all broad gage (1.524 m) (1976) Inland waterways: 616 km of principal routes (1975) Freight carried: rail-6.9 million metric tons, 3,150 million metric ton/km (1975); highway-13.9 million metric tons, 953 million metric ton/km; waterway-0.05 million metric tons, 0.04 billion metric ton/km (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Supply: military equipment supplied by U.S.S.R. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, 405 million tugriks, 12% of total budget MOROCCO ERN WEST SAHARA Rabat LAND 409,200 kmz; about 32% arable and grazing land, 17% forest and esparto, 51% desert, waste, and urban Land boundaries: 1,996 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 1,835 km PEOPLE Population: 18,915,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.0% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Moroccan(s); adjective-Moroccan Ethnic divisions: 99.1% Arab-Berber, 0.2% Jewish, 0.7% non-Moroccan Religion: 98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much business, government, diplo- macy, and postprimary education Literacy: 20% Labor force: 5 million (1977 est.); 50% agriculture, 15% industry, 26% services, 9% other; 10-20% unemployment Organized labor: about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Morocco Type: constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1972) Capital: Rabat Political subdivisions: 33 provinces and 2 prefectures NOTE: Morocco has acquired administrative control over the northern two-thirds of the former Spanish Sahara under an agreement with Mauritania, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as co-administrator of the disputed territory ended in February 1976. Rabat has established three provinces in its area of control, with headquarters at El Aaiun, Semara, and Cabo Bojador. Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V University in Rabat and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 3 March Branches: constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and responsible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral legislature two- thirds directly elected, one-third indirectly; judiciary inde- pendent of other branches Government leaders: King Hassan II; Prime Minister Ahmed Osman Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: local elections held 12 November 1976; provincial elections held 25 January 1977; elections for new National Assembly provided for in Constitution adopted 15 March 1972 were held June 1977 Political parties and leaders: Istiqlal Party, Mohamed Boucetta; Popular Movement (MP), Mahioubi Aherdan; Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement (MPCD), Dr. Abdelkrim Khatib; National Union of Popular Forces 138 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MOROCCO/MOZAMBIQUE (UNFP), split into competitive factions under Abdallah Ibrahim and Mahioub Ben Seddik of Casablanca-based faction and Abderrahim Bouabid of Rabat-based faction with latter becoming Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) in September 1974; Democratic Constitutional Party (PDC), Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), legalized in August 1974, successor to Party of Liberation and Socialism (PLS), is front for Moroccan Communist Party (MCP), which was proscribed in 1.959, Ali Yata; Istiglal and the UNFP formed a National Front in July 1970 to oppose the new constitution, boycotted the parliamentary elections and the 1972 constitutional referendum Voting strength: pro-government independents old absolute majority in new National Assembly; with palace- oriented Popular Movement deputies, the government holds over two-thirds of the seats Communists: 300 est. Member of: AFDB, Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO> WMO CONOMY Pipelines: 362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas Ports: 8 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 10 minor Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft Airfields: 77 total, 77 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 in; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good system by African standards composed of open-wire lines, coaxial, multiconductor and submarine cables and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Sebaa Aioun, Tangier and Tetouan; 199,000 tele- phones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 25 AM, 4 FM, 27 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,996,000; 2,372,000 fit for military service; about 211,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription MOZAMBIQUE Jul GNP: $9.5 billion (1977), about $500 per capita; average annual real growth 4% during 1970-73, 9% in 1974, under 3% in 1975-77 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock? raising fruit, main products-wheat, barley, vegetables, olives; some fishing $64.5 Fishing: catch 210,479 metric tons (1975); exports million (1975) Major sectors: mining and mineral processing (phos- phates, smaller quantities of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and other minerals), food processing, textiles, construction and tourism Electric power: 938,000 kW capacity (1977); 3.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 180 kWh per capita Exports: $1,261 million (f.o.b., 1976); 55% phosphates, 25% agricultural goods, 20% other Imports: $3.1 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 40% raw material and semi-finished goods, 25% food, 20% equipment, 15% consumer goods Italy Major trade partners: France, West Germany, Monetary conversion rate: 4.5 dirhams=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,756 km standard gage (1.435 m), 161 km double track; 708 km electrified Highways: 57,200 km total; 23,860 km bituminous treated, 4,020 km gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 29,320 km unimproved earth Land 786,762 km2; 30% arable, of which 1% cultivated, 56% woodland and forest, 14% wasteland and inland water Land boundaries: 4,627 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 2,470 km PEOPLE Population: 9,866,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 MOZAMBIOUE/NAMIBIA Nationality: noun-Mozambican(s); adjective- Mozam-bique Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: 65.6% animist, 21.5% Christian, 10.5% Muslim, 2.4% other Language: Portuguese (official); Literacy: 7%-10% (est.) Labor force: (1963 est.) 610,000; 50,000 non-African wage earners, 560,000 African wage earners in Mozambique; 290,000 additional African wage earners temporarily work- ing in Rhodesia and South Africa; unemployment serious problem; most native Africans provide unskilled labor or remain in subsistence agricultural sector Organized labor: approx. 47,000 (end of 1970); 75% are white GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Mozambique Type: peoples republic; achieved independence from Portugal in June 1975 Capital: Maputo Political subdivisions: 10 districts administered by district governors; municipalities governed by appointed official Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June Branches: none established Government leader: President Samora Machel Suffrage: not yet established Elections: information not available on future election schedule Political parties and leaders: the Mozambique Liber- ation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party Communists: none known Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $2.0 billion (1975 est.), about $220 per capita; average annual growth probably negative in 1975-77 Agriculture: cash crops-raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal; other crops-corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, and cassava; self-sufficient in food except for wheat which must be imported Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbes- tos, cement products); tobacco Electric power: 1,664,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.6 million kWh produced (1977), 470 kWh per capita Exports: $155 million (1977 est.); cashew nuts, cotton, sugar, mineral products, timber products, tea, copra Imports: $420 million (1977 est.); machinery and electri- cal equipment, cotton textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, wine, iron and steel Major trade partners: Portugal, South Africa, U.S., U.K., West Germany Aid: mainly from PRC, U.S., U.K., Eastern Europe, USSR Budget: (FY76) expenditures, $310 million, revenues, $237 milli on Monetary conversion November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar COMMUNICATIONS rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 as of Railroads: 3,161 km total; 3,020 km 1.067-meter gage; 141 km narrow gage (0.750 m) Highways: 26,477 km total; 4 322 km d , pave ; 607 km improved earth; 21,548 km unimproved earth, unconnected Inland waterways: approx. 3,750 km of navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 306 km (not operating) Ports: 3 major (Maputo, Beira, Nacala), 2 significant minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft Airfields: 330 total, 320 usable; 29 with permanent-sur- face runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 36 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecomunications: fair system of troposcatter, open- wire lines,m and radiocommunications; principal centers Maputo, Beira, and Nampula; 52,200 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 10 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,280,000; 1,181,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from the USSR and PRC, and to a lesser extent from other Communist countries and Portugal Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $63.3 million; 18% of central government budget NAMIBIA (South-West Africa) LAND 823,620 km2; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border Land boundaries: 3,798 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,489 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 964,000 % ( -rent) cu 9 NAMIBIA Suffrage: franchise for Legislative Assembly limited to white adults; several tribal homelands have adult franchise for homeland legislatures Elections: last general election, 1974 Political parties and leaders: white parties-National Party of South-West Africa (NPSWA), Abraham H. du Plessis; Federal Party, Bryan O'Linn; Republican Party, Dirk Mudge; most of the nonwhite parties belong to one of two muli-ethnic alliances-the Democratic Turnhalle Alli- ance (the traditional tribal leaders and the white Republican Party) or the Namibian National Front (the white Federal Party and nonwhite groups that oppose the system) Voting strength: (1974 election) NPSWA won all 18 seats in Legislative Assembly lla (July 1978), average annual growth o rate 2. Nationality: noun-Namibian(s); adjective-Namibian Ethnic divisions: 12% white, 6% mulatto, 82% African; over half the Africans belong to Ovambo tribe Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either animist or Christian Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 70% of white population, German of 22% and English of 8%; several es l anguag African Literacy: high for white population; low for nonwhite Labor force: 203,300 (total of economically active, fishing 68% agriculture, 15% railroads, 13% mining, 4% Organized labor: no trade unions, although some white wage earners belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Namibia Type: former German colony of South-West Africa mandated to South Africa by League of Nations in 1920; U.N. formally ended South Africa's mandate on October 27, 1966, but South Africa has retained administrative control Capital: Windhoek Political subdivisions: 10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open to white settlement with administrative subdivisions similar to a province of South Africa Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law Branches: since September 1977 an administrator-gen- eral, appointed by South African government, has exercised coordinative functions over zone of white settlement, where white-elected Legislative Assembly handles some local matters, and tribal homelands, where traditional chiefs and representative bodies exercise limited autonomy Government leader: Martinus T. Steyn, Administrator- general Communists: no Communist Party, SWAPO guerre force is supported by U.S.S.R., Cuba, and other Communist states as well as OAU Other political or pressure groups: South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), led by Sam Nujoma, maintains a foreign-based guerrilla movement; is predomi- nantly Ovambo but has some influence among other tribes; is the only Namibian group recognized by the U.N. General Assembly and the Organization of African Unity ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predomi- nates, subsistence crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised but most food must be imported Fishing: catch 86,650 metric tons (1975) (processed mostly in South African enclave of Walvis Bay) Major industries: meatpacking, fish processing, copper, lead, diamond, and uranium mining, dairy products 1,040 Electric power: 297,400 kW capacity (1977); 1,0 per capita million kWh produced (1977), 1,095 Aid: South Africa is only donor Monetary conversion rate: 187 outh RAnd=an R and= US$1.15 (as of March 1978); 0 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,326 km 1.067-meter gage, single track Highways: 3,400 km; 2,680 km paved, remainder gravel, remainder earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (Walvis Bay and Luderitz) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (registered in South Africa) Airfields: 113 total, 86 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 3 with 2,440-3,659 m, 34 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: sparse system of open wire and radio relay routes; out-lying areas connected by radiocom- munication; Windhoek is the only M porAcenand 46 TV telephones (6.2 per 100 popl.); stations Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NAMIBIA/NAUR U/NF.PAI, DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 221,000; about 128,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa NAURU LAND 21.2 km2; insignificant arable land, no urban areas, extensive phosphate mines WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 non Coastline: 24 km PEOPLE Population: 7,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1969) Nationality: noun-Nauruan(s); adjective-Nauruan Ethnic divisions: 48% Nauruans, 19% Chinese, 7% Europeans, 26% other Pacific Islanders Religion: Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Catholic) Language: Nauruan, a distinct Pacific Island tongue; English, the language of school instruction, spoken and understood by nearly all Literacy: nearly universal GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nauru Type: republic; independent since January 1968 Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Yeran District Political subdivisions: 14 districts Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly elected 18-member unicameral legislature, the Parliament; Cabinet to assist the President, four members, appointed by President from Parliament members Government leader: President Lagumot Harris Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last held in November 1977 Political parties and leaders: Nauru Party, President f larris, opposition faction, ex-President De Roburt Member of: no present plans to join U N " . .; enjoys special membership" in Commonwealth; South Pacific Commission, ESCAP, INTERPOL, ITU, UPU ECONOMY GNP: over $120 million (1975), $17,140 per capita (est.) Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food, water Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year Electric power: 9,000 kW capacity (1977); 26 million kWh Produced (1977), 3,715 kWh per capita Exports: $120 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); consisting entirely of phosphates Imports: $5 million (c.i.f., FY70) Major trade partners: exports-7 5% Australia and New Zealand: imports-Australia, U.K., New Zealand, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dol- lar=US$1.2375 (July 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 27 km total; 21 km paved, 6 km improved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: I minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1, coral-surfaced, over 1,220 m Telecommunications: adequate intraisland and interna- tional radiocommunications provided via Australian facili- ties; 700 telephones; 3,600 radio receivers, 1 AM, no FM and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 1,800; fit for military service, about 1,000; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 1975-79, less than 100 No formal defense structure and no regular armed forces NEPAL LAND 141,400 km2; 16% agricultural area, 14% permanent meadows and pastures, 38% alpine land (unarable), waste, or urban; 32% forested Land boundaries: 2,800 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 13,680,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Nepalese Nepalese (sing. and pl.); adjective- Ethnic divisions: two main categories, Indo-Nepalese (about 80%) and Tibeto-Nepalese (about 20%), representing considerable intermixture of Indo-Aryan and Mongolian racial strains; country divided among many quasi-tribal communities Religion: only official Hindu Kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians Language: 20 mutually unintelligible languages divided into numerous dialects; Nepali official language and lingua franca for much of the country; same script as Hindi Literacy: about 12% Labor force: 4.1 million; 95% agriculture, 5% industry; great lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Nepal Type: constitutional monarchy; King Birendra exercises autocratic control over multitiered panchayat system of government Capital: Kathmandu Political subdivisions: 75 districts, 14 zones Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Birthday of the King, 28 December Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; indirectly elected National Panchayat (Assembly) Government leaders: King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva; Prime Minister Kirtinidhi Bista Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: village and town councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage; district, zonal, and National Pan- chayat members indirectly elected, most for 6-year terms; 15 National Panchayat members elected from five class and professional organizations (women, workers, peasants, youth, and ex-servicemen), four directly elected by all voters possessing a B.A. or its equivalent, and 16 are appointed by the King Political outlawed parties and leaders: all political parties Communists: the combined membership of the two wings of the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) about 6,500, the majority (perhaps 5,000) in the pro-Chinese wing; the CPN continues to operate more or less openly, but internal dissension has greatly hindered its effectiveness Other political or pressure groups: proscribed Nepali Congress Party led by B. P. Koirala Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.3 billion (FY77, at current prices), $100 per capita; 1% real growth in FY77 Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agricul- ture; main crops-rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette, and brick factories Electric power: 60,600 kW capacity (1977); 144 million kWh produced (1977), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $94 million est. (FY77); rice and other food products, jute, timber Imports: $160 million est. (FY77); manufactured con- sumer goods, fuel, construction materials, food products Major trade partner: over 80% India Aid: economic commitments 1970-76: U.S.S.R., $3 mil- lion; China, $118 million; OPEC, $18.1 million; U.S., $69 million; $48 million disbursements 1977 Budget: (FY77 est.) domestic revenues $106 million, expenditures $190 million Monetary conversion rate: 12 Nepalese rupees=US$l basic rate; 16NR=US$1 for some non-Indian commodity trade (April 1978) Fiscal year: 15 July-14 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 169 km, all narrow gage (0.762 m); mostly government owned; all in Terai close to Indian border; only 53 km sector from border to Bizalpura presently in use; a 45 km segment has been abandoned and 71 km utilized to transport rock from quarry near Dharau to Kosi Dam near Rajbiras 143 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Highways: 3,700 km total; 1,666 km paved, 533 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,501 km improved and unim- proved earth; additionally 322 km of seasonally motorable tracks Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 52 total, 51 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor telephone and telegraph service; good radiocommunication and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor; 14,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop1.); 3 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 14 July 1978, $13.9 million; 5.6% of central government budget NETHERLANDS LAND 33,929 km2; 70% cultivated, 5% waste, 8% forested, 8% inland water, 9% other Land boundaries: 1,022 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 451 km PEOPLE Population: 13,929,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Netherlander(s); adjective-Nether- lands Ethnic divisions: 99% Dutch, 1% Indonesian and other Religion: 41% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic, 19% unaffiliated Language: Dutch Literacy: 98% Labor force: 4.7 million; 30% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, 10% agriculture, 9% construction, 7% transportation and communications, 4% other; 5.1% unemployment, March 1977 Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of the Netherlands Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amsterdam, but government resides at The Hague Political subdivisions: 11 provinces governed by centrally appointed commissioners of Queen Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution of 1815 frequently amended, reissued 1947; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order than Acts of Parliament; legal education at six law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 30 April Branches: executive (Queen and Cabinet of Ministers), which is responsible to bicameral States General (parlia- ment); independent judiciary Government leaders: Head of State, Queen Juliana; Andreas van Agt, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: must be held at least every 4 years for lower house (most recent held May 1977), and every 3 years for half of upper house (most recent July 1977) Political parties and leaders: Catholic People's Party (KVP), W. J. Vergeer; Antirevolutionary (ARP), H. A. de Boer; Labor (PvdA), Mrs. C. (len) van den Heuvel; Liberal (VVD), F. Korthals Altes; Christian Historical Union (CHU), Otto W. A. Baron van Verschuer; Democrats '66 (D-66), F. Eenstra; Communist (CPN), Henk Hoekstra; Pacifist Socialist (PSP), Lamber Meertens; Political Re- formed (SGP), H. G. Abma; Reformed Political Union (GVP), G. Veurink; Radical Party (PPR), Wisnand Van Iloogevest; Democratic Socialist '70 (DS-70), H. Staneke; Farmers' Party (BP), Hendrik Koekoek; Christian Demo- cratic Appeal (CDA), coalition of KVP, ARP, and CHU formed prior to 1977 elections Voting strength (1977 election): 33.81% PvdA, 31.91% CDA, 17.95% VVD, 5.43% D'66, 2.13% SGP, 1.73% CPN, 1.69% PPR, 0.96% GPV, 0.94% PSP, 0.84% BP, 0.72% DS'70 Communists: 13,000 est. members 144 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NETHERLANDS/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Other political or pressure groups: great multinational firms; Socialist, Catholic, and Protestant trade unions; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associ- ations; the non-denominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises Member of: ADB, Benelux, Council of Europe, DAC, FAO, ECE, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council (with respect to interests of the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam), NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $105.3 billion (1977 est. in 1977 prices), $7,583 per capita; 57.7% consumption, 21.7% investment, 17.6% gov- ernment, 2.7% foreign balance; 0.3% net income from b d Highways: 104,236 km total; 86,110 km paved (including 1,450 km of limited access, divided "Motorways"); km gravel, crushed stone Inland waterways: 6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 900 metric ton capacity or larger Pipelines: 418 km crude oil; 965 km refined products; 4,489 km natural gas Ports: 8 major, 5 minor Civil air: 107 major transport aircraft (including 3 leased out and 2 leased in) Airfields: 29 total, 28 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: highly developed, well maintained, and integrated; extensive system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by radio-relay links; 5.41 million telephones (39.2 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 19 FM, and 16 TV stations; 12 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,454,000; 3,099,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 118,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $4.2866 million; about 9.5% of central government budget a roa Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops-horticultural crops, grains, potatoes, sugar beets; food shortages-grains, fats, oils; calorie intake, 3,186 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Fishing: catch 256,000 metric tons, $174 million (1976); exports 204,628 metric tons, imports 131,070 metric tons (1976) Major industries: food processing, metal and engineering products, electrical and electronic machinery and equip- ment, chemicals, petroleum products, and natural gas Shortages: crude petroleum, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp, pulpwood, lumber, feedgrains, and oilseeds Crude steel: 7.7 million metric ton capacity; 5.2 million metric tons produced (1976), 380 kg per capita Electric power: 16,800,000 kW capacity (1977); 63 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,535 kWh per capita Exports: $43.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977); foodstuffs, machinery, chemicals, petroleum products, natural gas, textiles Imports: $45.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, transpor- tation equipment, crude petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp Major trade partners: (1977) 62.2% EC, 27.6% West Germany, 13.1% Belgium-Luxembourg, Aid: donar: bilateral economic aid authorized, $2,731 million (1970-76) Budget: (1978 est.) revenues $34.1 billion, expenditures $39.2 billion, deficit $5.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.4543 age 1977 floating Fiscal year: calendar year TIONS guilders=US$1, aver- COMMUNICA 813 km Railroads: 2,979 km standard gage (1.435 m); 2,813 government-owned (NS), 1,638 km electrified, 1,556 km double track; 166 km privately-owned NETHERLANDS ANTILLES LAND 1,020 km2; 5% arable, 95% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 364 km PEOPLE Population: 247,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.2% (1-75 to 1-76) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Nationality: noun-Netherlands Antillean(s); adjective- Netherlands Antillean Ethnic divisions: racial mixture with African, Caribbean Indian, European, Latin, and oriental influences; negroid characteristics are dominant on Curacao, Indian on Aruba Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic; sizable Protes tant, smaller Jewish minorities Language: officially Dutch; Papiamento, a Spanish- Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predominates; English widel k y spo en Literacy: 95% Labor force: 76,000 (1972); 2% agriculture, 20% industry, 10% construction, 65% government and services, 3% other Organized labor: 60%-70% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Netherlands Antilles Type: territory within Kingdom of enjoying complete domestic autonomy Capital: Willemstad, Curacao the Netherlands, Political subdivisions: 4 island territories-Aruba, Bon- aire, Curacao, and the Windward Islands-St. Eustatius, southern part of St. Martin (northern part is French), Saba Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence; Constitution adopted 1954 Branches: federal executive power rests nominally with Governor (appointed by the Crown), actual power exercised by 8-member Council of Ministers or Cabinet presided over by Minister-President; legislaxive power rests with 22-mem- ber Legislative Council; independent court system under control of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Justice (administrative functions under Minister of Justice); each island territory has island council headed by Lieutenant Governor Government leader: Minister-President Silvo G. M. Rozendal Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: Federal elections held every 4 years, last held 17 June 1977; Island council elections every 4 years, last held April and May 1975 Political parties and leaders: political parties are indigenous to each island: Curacao: Democratic Party (DP), S. G. M. Rozendal; National People's Party-United (NVP-U) Edsel Jenerun; Frente Obrero de Liberation' 30 di Mayo (FOL), Wilson "Papa" Godett; Social Democratic Party (PSD), R. J. Isa Aruba: People's Electoral Movement (MEP), G. F. "Betico" Croes; Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), L. O. Chance; Aruban People's Party (AVP), D. G. Croes Bonaire: Labor Party (POB); Democratic Party Bonaire (UPB); New Democratic Action (ADEN) Windward Islands: Windward Islands Democratic Party (DPWI); United Federation of Antillean Workers (UFA); Windward Islands Political Movement (WIPM); and others Voting strength: (1977 federal election) 6 seats DP, 5 seats MEP, 3 seats FOL, 3 seats NVP, 3 seats PPA, 1 seat DPWI, I seat UPB Communists: no Communist Party Member of: EC (associate), WHO ECONOMY GNP: $413 million (1975 est.), $1,700 per capita; real growth rate, -1 % (est.) Agriculture: little production Major industries: petroleum refinin C g on uracao and Aruba; petroleum transshipment facilities on Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire; tourism on Curacao, Aruba, and St. Martin; light manufacturing on Curacao and Aruba Electric power: 300,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 7,000 kWh per capita Exports: $3,661 million (f.o.b., 1976); petroleum products, phosphate Imports: $2,519 million (c.i.f., 1976); crude petroleum, food, manufactures Major trade partners: exports-64% U.S., 7% EC, 5% Canada; imports-61% Venezuela, 12% U.S., 6% Nether- lands (1972) Budget: (1976) public sector current revenues, $215 million; public sector current expenditures, $212 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.8 Netherlands Antillean florins (NAF)=US$1, official Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 950 km and earth total; 300 km paved, 650 km gravel Ports: 3 major (Willemstad, Oranjestad, Caracasbaai, Bullennbaai); 6 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 7 total, all usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: generally adequate telecom facili- ties; extensive interisland radio-relay links; 48,000 telephones (19.9 per 100 popl.); 11 AM, 1 FM and 5 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 58,000; 34,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (20) annually Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NEWS CALEDONIA Pacific Ocean Branches: administered by Governor, who is also High Commissioner for France in the Pacific; responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and Governing Council; Assemblee Territoriale Government leader: Jean-Gabriel Eriau, Governor and French High Commissioner Suffrage: universal Elections: Assembly elections every 5 years, last in September 1977 Political parties: Rassemblement Pour La Caledonie- Conservative; Union Caledonienne-eventual independ- ence; Union Multiraciale and Palika-independence parties Voting strength (1977 election): Rassemblement Pour La Caledonie, 12 seats; Union Caledonienne, 9 seats; Palika, 2 seats; 8 other parties divide up remaining 12 seats Communists: number unknown; Union Caledonienne leftist; some politically active Communists were l n t y g ro s deported during 1950's; small number of North Vietnamese LAND 22,015 km2; 6% cultivable, 22% pasture land, 15% forests, less Ocrh parptiesitical parties and pressure groups: several 57% waste or other Member of: EIB (associate) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 3 nm) Coastline: 2,254 km PEOPLE Population: 139,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-New Caledonian(s); adjective-New Caledonian Ethnic divisions: Melanesian-Polynesian admixture, over 28,000 Europeans of French extraction Religion: natives 90% Christian Language: Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Literacy: unknown Labor force: size unknown; Javanese and Tonkinese laborers were imported for plantations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of New Caledonia and dependencies Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by one deputy and one Senator Capital: Noumea Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group depen- dencies-Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledonia Legal system: French law ECONOMY GNP: $193 million, $1,800 per capita (1971 est.) Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; major products-coffee and vegetables; 60% self-sufficient in beef; must import grains and vegetables Industry: mining of nickel Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 12,145 kWh per capita Exports: $289 million (f.o.b., 1975); 99% nickel Imports: $348 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, transport equipment, food Major trade partners: (1972) exports-55% France, 24% Japan, 11% U.S.; imports-52% France, 13% Australia, 12% rest of EC Monetary conversion rate: 86 CFP francs=US$l (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,214 km total; 600 km paved, 1,400 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized surface, 618 km improved earth, 2,596 km earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 major (Noumea), 21 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 31 total, 31 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 airfield over 2,440 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 20,600 telephones (14.9 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, no FM, and 7 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NEW CALEDONIA NEW CALEDONIA 1aPU~A99 11REA 4 me Coral Sea Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NEW HEBRIDES/NEW ZEALAND NEW HEBRIDES LAND About 14,763 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 2,528 km PEOPLE Population: 101,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-74 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-New Hebridean(s); adjective-New Hebrides Ethnic divisions: 92% indigenous Melanesian, 3% Euro- pean, remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders Religion: most at least nominally Christian Literacy: probably 10%-20% GOVERNMENT Legal name: New Hebrides Condominium Type: Anglo-French condominium Capital: Vila Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: 3 sets of courts; one each for French and British subjects, one for New Hebrides native affairs Branches: Representative Assembly, 42 members, elected November 1977, election boycotted by major party Government leaders: two resident commissioners, one French, Robert Gauger; one British, John Champion Political parties and leaders: National Party (Vanuaaku Pati), chairman Walter Lini; NA Griamel Party, leader Jimmy Stevens; Mouvement d'Action des Nouvelles Hebri- des (MANH) ECONOMY Agriculture: export crops of copra, cocoa, coffee, some livestock and fish production; subsistence crops of copra, taro, yams Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1977); 13 million kWh produced (1977), 130 kWh per capita Exports: $27 million (1974); 24% copra, 59% frozen fish Imports: $44 million (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 1 pound=US$2.37 (official currency), 0.74 Australian $=US$1, 86 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: at least 240 km sealed or all-weather roads Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 29 total, 26 usable; 2 runways 1,220-2,439 m, 2 with permanent-surface runways Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast stations; 2,300 telephones (2.3) per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: no military forces maintained; however, the French and British maintain constabularies of about 70 men each NEW ZEALAND LAND 268,276 km2; 3% cultivated, 50% pasture; 10% parks and reserves; 20% waste, water, etc., 1% urban, 16% forested; 4 principal islands, 2 minor inhabited islands, several minor uninhabited islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: about 15,134 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NEW ZEALAND/NICARAGUA PEOPLE Population: 3,116,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.3% (7-76 to 7-77) Zealand Ethnic Religion: 90% Christian, 9% Hindu, Confucian, and other Literacy: 98% Maori unspecified; 1% Labor force: 1,207,700; 13% agriculture, 33% turing and construction, 9% transportation and communica- tions, 24% commerce and finance, 21% administrative and professional; unemployment 5.7% (1976) Organized labor: 52% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of New Zealand (rarely used) Type: independent state within Commonwealth, recogniz- ing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Wellington Political subdivisions: 112 counties Legal system: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maori tribesmen; constitution consists of various documents, including certain acts of the U.K. and New Zealand Parliaments; legal education at Victoria, Auckland, Canterbury, and Otago Universities; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Waitangi Day, 6 February Branches: unicameral legislature (General Assembly, commonly called Parliament); Cabinet responsible to Parlia- ment; 3-level court system (Magistrates, Courts, Supreme Court, and Court of Appeal) Government leader: Prime Minister Robert D. Muldoon Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: held at 3 year intervals or sooner if parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election November 1975 Political parties and leaders: National Party (Govern- ment), Robert D. Muldoon; Labour Party (Opposition), Wallace E. Bowling; Social Credit Political League, Bruce Beetham; Communist Party, George Victor Wilcox; pro- Soviet Socialist Unity Party, George Edward Jackson Voting strength (1975 election): National Party 55 seats, Labour Party 32 seats Communists: CPNZ about 300, SUP about 100 Member of: ADB, ANZUS, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $12.8 billion (1976), $3,870 per capita; real average annual growth (1975-77), 1.4% Agriculture: fodder and silage crops about one-half of area planted in field crops; main products-wool, meat, dairy products; New Zealand is food surplus country; caloric intake, 3,500 calories per day per capita (1964) Fishing: catch 65,525 metric tons (1975) Major industries: food processing, textile production, machinery, transport equipment; wood and paper products Electric power: 5,380,000 kW capacity (1977); 22.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,975 kWh per capita Exports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal products (trade year 1977)-24% meat, 14% dairy products, 20% wool Imports: $3.1 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 29% machinery, 23% manufactured goods, 11% chemicals (trade year 1977) Major trade partners: (trade year 1977) exports-20% U.K., 13% Japan, 12% Australia, 11% U.S.; imports-21% Australia, 17% U.K., 15% Japan, 13% U.S. Aid: gross official aid deliveries to LDC and multilateral agencies FY75, $80.1 million Budget: expenditures, 3,827 million NZ$, receipts, 3,330 million NZ$ (FY75) Monetary conversion rate: NZ$1=US$1.0209, January 1978 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March NOTE: trade data are for year ending 30 June; trade year and fiscal year do not correspond COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,799 km; all 1.067-meter gage; 274 km double track; 113 km electrified; over 99% government owned Highways: 92,374 km total (1974); 44,940 km paved, 47,434 km gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 1,609 km; of little transportation Pipelines: natural gas, 785 km Ports: 3 major Civil air: about 50 major transport aircraft Airfields: 193 total, 184 usable; 23 with permanent-sur- face runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 50 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 5 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent international and domes- tic systems; 1,570,000 telephones (52 per 100 popl.); 60 AM stations in 31 cities, no FM, 11 TV stations, and 129 repeaters; submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji Islands; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 744,000; 629,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 29,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $230.1 million; about 3.7% of central govern- ment budget NICARAGUA LAND 147,900 km2; 7% arable, 7% prairie and pasture, 50% forest, 36% urban, waste, or other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 NICARAGUA Managua J Land boundaries: 1,220 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 200 nm; continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 910 km PEOPLE Population: 2,409,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.1 % (current) Nationality: noun-Nicaraguan(s); adjective-Nicara- guan Ethnic divisions: 69% mestizo, 17% white, 9% Negro, 5% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish (official); English speaking minority on Atlantic coast Literacy: 52% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 713,000 (1976 est.); 50% agriculture, 12% manufacturing, 14% services, 24% other; shortage of skilled labor, but underemployment of unskilled labor except during harvest Organized labor: about 5.6% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nicaragua Type: republic Capital: Managua Political subdivisions: 1 national district and 16 departments Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted in 1974; legal education at Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua and Universidad Centroamericana; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: President (traditionally dominant), bicameral legislature, judiciary elected by legislature, and Supreme Electoral Tribunal (4th branch) Government leader: President Anastasio Somoza Suffrage: universal over age 18 if married or literate, otherwise 21 Elections: every 6 years; municipal elections every 3 years Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Liberal Party (PLN), Anastasio Somoza; Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN), Rene Sandino Voting strength (1974 elections): PLN, 95% of votes; PCN, 5% of votes; PCN will, however, occupy 40% of legislative seats by constitutional provision Communists: Communist movement split into hard-line Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) illegal, 60 members; soft-line Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCN) illegal, 40 members, and small anti-Somoza terrorist organization Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN) activist, 50-150 members; about 1,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Union of Liberation (UDEL), an opposition front lacking legal status of a political party, composed of anti-Somoza political movements and labor groups with orientations ranging from conservative to Christian Democrat to Communist, leader- ship includes Ramiro Sacasa, Ignacio Zelaya, Domingo Sanchez; Nicaraguan Development Institute (INDE), a private sector pressure group with two operative arms: FUNDE and EDUCREDITO which, respectively, promote cooperatives and disburse educational loans Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera nacional del Caribe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,228 million (1977 est.); 72% private consump- tion, 9% government consumption, 21% domestic invest- ment, -2% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate 1977, 5.5% est. Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, beans, cattle; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 18,400 metric tons (1975); exports valued at $19.4 million (1976) Major industries: food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles and clothing Electric power: 365,000 kW capacity (1977); 1 billion kWh produced (1977), 425 kWh per capita Exports: $630 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton, coffee, chemical products, meat, sugar Imports: $754 million (c.i.f., 1977); food and non-food agricultural products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, trans- portation equipment, machinery, construction materials, clothing, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-30% U.S., 23% CACM, 47% other; imports-31% U.S., 26% CACM, 43% other (1976) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $178 million loans, $89 million grants; international organizations (FY46-73), $266 million; military-from U.S. (FY46-76), $29 million Budget: 1978 expenditures $480 million, revenues $300 million Monetary conversion rate: 7 cordobas=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 318 km 1.067-meter gage, government owned Highways: 16,900 km total; 1,500 km paved, 6,200 km otherwise improved, 9,200 km unimproved Inland waterways: 2,220 km, including 2 large lakes Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km Ports: 4 major (Corinto, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Somoza, San Juan del Sur), 6 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased in) Airfields: 428 total, 401 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: low-capacity wire and radio-relay network; connection into Central American microwave net; satellite ground station; 55,300 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.); 85 AM, 30 FM, and 7 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 561,000; 343,000 fit for military service; 25,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $56.2 million for the Ministry of Defense, including civil functions (e.g., police and civil air); 13% of central government budget NIGER LAND 1,266,510 km2; about 3% cultivated, perhaps 20% some- what arable, remainder desert Land boundaries: 5,745 km PEOPLE Population: 4,995,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Nigerien (sing. and pl.); adjective- Niger Ethnic divisions: main Negroid groups 75% (of which, Hausa 50%, Djerma and Songhai 21%); Caucasian elements include Tuareg, Toubous, and Tamacheks; mixed group includes Fulani Religion: 80% Muslim, remainder largely animists and a very few Christians Language: French official, many African languages; Hausa used for trade Literacy: about 6% Labor force: 26,000 wage earners; bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Niger Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1974 Capital: Niamey Political subdivisions: 7 departments, 32 arrondissements Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960, suspended 1974; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Proclamation of the Republic, 18 December Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council (SMC) composed of army officers; cabinet includes civilians Government leader: Lt. Col. Seyni Kountche, President of Supreme Military Council and Chief of State Suffrage: suspended Elections: political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no Communist party; some sympathizers in outlawed Sawaba party Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ECONOMY GDP: $454 million (1975 est.), $100 per capita, annual growth estimated by U.S. Embassy at 9.8% (1973-76) Agriculture: commercial-peanuts, cotton, livestock; main food crops-millet, sorghum, niche beans, vegetables Major industries: cement plant, brick factory, rice mill, small cotton gins, oil presses, slaughterhouse, and a few other small light industries; uranium production began in 1971 Electric power: 20,000 kW capacity (1977); 70 million kWh produced (1977), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $134 million (f.o.b., 1976); about 65% uranium, rest peanuts and related products, livestock, hides, skins; exports understated because much regional trade not recorded Imports: $176 million (c.i.f., 1976); fuels, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, consumer goods Major trade partners: France (over 50%), other EC countries, Nigeria, UDEAC countries, U.S.; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic-France (1960 to mid-1967), $68 million; EC (FY61-73), $100 million; U.S. (FY61-76), $73 million; West Germany, Israel, Republic of China, and U.N. have also extended aid; military-of $2.8 million (1954-68) Budget: projected to balance at about $173 million (1978) Monetary conversion rate: about 242.69 Communaute Financiere Africaine=US$1 as of November 1977, floating Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 7,122 km total; 1,889 km bituminous, 2,579 km gravel, 2,654 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Niger River navigable 300 kin from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid- December through March Ports: Niger landlocked; outlet to sea is Cotonou, Benin Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 66 total, 62 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: sparse system of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and small radiocommunications stations; principal telecommunication center Niamey; 8,000 tele- phones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 10 AM stations, no FM, and I TV station; I Atlantic Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,114,000; 595,000 fit for military service; about 47,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1977, $6.9 million; about 5% of central government budget NIGERIA LAND 924,630 km'; 24% arable (13% of total land area under cultivation), 35% forested, 41% desert, waste, urban, or other Land boundaries: 4,034 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 853 km PEOPLE Population: 68,486,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Nigerian(s); adjective-Nigerian Ethnic divisions: of the more than 250 tribal groups, the Hausa and Fulani of the north, the Yoruba of the south, and the Ibos of the east comprise 60% of the population; about 27,000 non-Africans Religion: 47% Muslim, 34% Christian, 19% other Literacy: est. 25% Language: English official; Hausa, Yoruba, and Ibo also widely used Labor force: approx. 22.5 million; about 41% of total population; roughly 1.3 million wage earners, of whom 560,000 work in modern enterprises Organized labor: between 800,000 and 1 million wage earners, approx. 2.4% of total labor force, belong to some 70 unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Type: federal republic since 1963; under military rule since January 1966 Capital: Lagos Political subdivisions: 19 states, headed by military governors Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; proposed new constitution to be reviewed and adopted by October 1979 by a constituent assembly; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October Branches: Federal Military Government; decrees issued by Supreme Military Council, advised by largely civilian Federal Executive Council Government leader: Lieutenant General Olusegun Oba- sanjo, Head of Federal Military Government and Com- mander in Chief of Nigerian Armed Forces Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: nonpartisan elections for local government councils held in late 1976; the military has promised to restore power to an elected civilian regime when state and federal legislative elections are held between October 1978 and October 1979 Political parties and leaders: political parties and politically active tribal societies were dissolved by decree on 24 May 1966; behind-the-scenes politicking is quickening in anticipation of scheduled lifting of ban on political activity in October 1978 Communists: the banned Socialist Workers and Farmers Party and the Nigerian Trade Union Congress have a limited political following, no influence on government Member of: AFDB, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $32 billion (est. 1977 current prices), $490 per capita; 7.5% growth rate (1970-76) Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, cotton, cocoa, rubber, yams, cassava, sorghum, palm kernels, millet, corn, rice; livestock; almost self-sufficient Fishing: catch 506,825 metric tons (1975); imports $14.5 million (1974) Major industries: mining-crude oil, natural gas, coal, tin, columbite; processing industries-oil palm, peanut, cotton, rubber, petroleum, wood, hides, skins; manufacturing industries-textiles, cement, building materials, food pro- ducts, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics Electric power: 1,367,000 kW capacity (1977); 4 billion kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $11.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); oil (95%), cocoa, palm products, rubber, timber, tin Imports: $8.9 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K., EC, U.S. Budget: FY77-78 proposed-current revenue $12.2 bil- lion, current expenditures, $5.0 billion; capital expenditures, $8.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Naira=US$1.53 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,508 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 89,318 km total 15,300 km paved (mostly bituminous surface treatment); remainder laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks; additionally, Kainji Lake has several hundred miles of navigable lake routes Pipelines: 1,207 km crude oil; 97 km natural gas; 5 km refined products Ports: 2 major (Lagos/Apapa, Port Harcourt), 10 minor Civil air: 29 major transport aircraft (including 3 leased in) Airfields: 83 total, 76 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: composed of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Lagos, secondary centers Ibadan and Kaduna; 121,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 25 AM, 6 FM, and 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station and 19 domestic stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 16,425,000; 9,527,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 706,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $2.6 billion; about 17% of central government budget NORWAY LAND Norway: 323,750 km2; Svalbard, 62,160 km2; Jan Mayen, 373 km2; 3% arable, 2% meadows and pastures, 21% forested, 74% other Land boundaries: 2,579 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: mainland 3,419 km; islands 2,413 km (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indenta- tions which total as much as 16,093 km overall) PEOPLE Population: 4,061,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.4% (7-76 to 7-77) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Nationality: noun-Norwegian(s); adjective-Norwegian Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Norwegian, small Lapp and Finnish-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 1.9 million; 11.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 25.3% mining and manufacturing, 8.1% construc- tion, 16.3% commerce, 9.9% transportion and communica- tion, 28.5% services; 1.4% unemployed (average annual 1977) Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Norway Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Political subdivisions: 19 counties, towns Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts Government leaders: King Olav V; Prime Minister Odvar Nordli Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years (next in September 1981) Political parties and leaders: Labor, Reiulf Steen; Conservative, Erling Norvik; Center, Gunnar Stalsett; Christian People's, Lars Kosvald; Liberal, Hans Hammond Rossbach; New People's Party, Magne Lerheim; Socialist Left, Berge Furre; Norwegian Communist, Martin Gunnar Knutsen; Progressive, Arve Loennum Voting strength (1977 election): Labor, 42.5%; Conserva- tive, 24.6%; Christian People's, 12.1%; Center, 8.6%; New People's Party (anti-tax), 1.7%; Socialist Left (Socialist Electoral Alliance) (formerly anti-tax), 4.1%; liberal, 3.2% Progressive, 1.9%; Norwegian Communist, 0.4%; Red Elec- tion Alliance, 0.6%, latter two are communist parties Communists: 2,500 est.; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 22,500 Communist votes cast in the 1969 election (in the 1973 election the Communist Party vote total was submerged in the 241,851 votes won by the Socialist Electorial Alliance which included the Norwegian Commu- nist Party and two other parties) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC , EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA (associate member), IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $35.8 billion in 1977, $8,831 per capita; 56% private consumption; 36% investment; 19% government; net foreign balance -11%; 1976 growth rate 3.9%, in constant prices; 4.8% average (1970-76) Agriculture: animal husbandry crops-feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-suf- ficient; food shortages-food grains, sugar; caloric intake, 2,940 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 3.1 million metric tons (1976); value $476 million (1976); exports $467 million (1976) Major industries: food processing, shipbuilding, pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals Shortages: most raw materials with the exception of timber, petroleum, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore, dairy products and fish Crude steel: 732,779 metric tons produced (1977), 181 kg per capita Electric power: 18,200,000 kW capacity (1977); 75 billion kWh produced (1977), 18,500 kWh per capita Exports:. $8,712 million (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- metals, pulp and paper, fish products, ships, chemicals, oil Imports: $12,874 million (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- foodstuff, ships, fuels, motor vehicles, iron and steel, chemical compounds, textiles Major trade partners: 49% EC (19% U.K., 12% West Germany, 6% Denmark); 16% Sweden; 5% U.S.; 3% East Bloc countries (1977) 154 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Aid: donor: bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $503 million (1970-76) Budget: (1977) revenues $8.8 billion, expenditures $9.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 kroner=US$0.188 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,257 km standard gage (1.435 m); Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4,241 km (2,440 km electrified and 91 km double track); 16 km privately-owned and electrified Highways: 77,100 km total; 16,683 km concrete and bitumen; 17,877 km bituminous treated; 42,540 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Inland waterways: 1,577 km; 1.5-2.4 m draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products, 53 km Ports: 9 major, 69 minor Civil air: 51 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased out) Airfields: 106 total, 105 usable; 53 with permanent- surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 20 seaplane stations Telecommunications: high-quality domestic and interna- tional telephone, telegraph, and telex service; 1.48 million telephones (36.6 per 100 pop].); 40 AM, 357 FM, and 740 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 2 domestic satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 925,000; 751,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 31,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1,300.5 million; about 9.5% of central government budget OMAN LAND About 212,380 km'; negligible amount forested, remain- der desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,384 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 50 nm) Coastline: 2,092 km PEOPLE Population: 550,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Omani(s); adjective-Omani Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab with small groups of Iranians, Baluchis, and Indians Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: very low GOVERNMENT Legal name: Sultanate of Oman Type: absolute monarchy; independent, with strong residual U.K. influence Capital: Muscat Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; no constitution; ultimate appeal to the sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 18 November Government leader: Sultan Qabus ibn Said Al Bu Said Other political or pressure groups: Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO), based in South Yemen Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $1.4 billion (1976 est.), $2,710 per capita est. Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels), fishing, and trade Major industries: petroleum discovery in 1964; produc- tion began in 1967; production 1977, 340,000 b/d; pipeline capacity, 400,000 b/d; revenue for 1976 est. at $1.4 billion Electric power: 200,000 kW capacity (1977); 300 million kWh produced (1977), 555 kWh per capita Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1976) mostly petroleum; non-oil exports (mostly agricultural) Imports: $0.7 billion (c.i.f., 1976) Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., other European, Gulf states, India, Australia, China, Japan Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Aid: bilateral assistance pledged, $134 million in 1974, IBRD $8 million; aid commitment by Oman, $39 million to multilateral institutions Budget: (1977) revenues $2.082 billion, expenditures $2.248 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Riyal Omani=US$2.92 (as of May 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 2,816 km total; 5 km bituminous surface, 2,811 km motorable track Pipelines: crude oil 370 km Ports: 1 major (Qaboos), 3 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 163 total, 131 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; I runway over 3,660 in, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: limited facilities of open-wire, radio-relay and radiocommunications stations; 2 satellite ground stations; 7,300 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, no FM, 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 118,000; 68,000 fit for military service PAKISTAN LAND 803,000 km' (includes Pakistani part of Jammu-Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,900 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; plus right to establish 100 nm conservation zones beyond territorial sea); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,046 km PEOPLE Population: 77,786,000, excluding Junagadh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir, (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Pakistani(s); adjective-Pakistani Religion: 97% Muslim, 3% other Language: official, Urdu; total spoken languages-7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca Literacy: about 17% Labor force: 20 million (est. 1974); 60% agriculture, 16% industry, 7% commerce, 15% service, 2% unemployed Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Type: parliamentary, federal republic; military seized power 5 July 1977 and temporarily suspended some constitutional provisions Capital: Islamabad Political subdivisions: 4 provinces-Punjab, Sind, Balu- chistan, and North-West Frontier-with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Pakistan claims that Azad Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with India, but it is in fact under Pakistani control Legal system: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March Government leaders: President Fazal Elahi Chaudhry; Chief Martial Law Administrator Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq Suffrage: universal from age 18 Elections: opposition agitation against rigging of elections in March 1977 eventually led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but later postponed them indefinitely Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), pro-Bhutto wing, Mrs. Z. A. Bhutto, moderate wing, Maulana Kauser Niazi; Pakistan Muslim League (QML), Abdul Qaiyum Khan; Tehrik-i-Istiglal, Asghar Khan; Paki- stan National Alliance (PNA), a coalition of eight parties including Pakistan Muslim League (PML)-Pir of Pagaro group; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed National Awami Party (NAP) of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat- 156 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PAKISTAN/PANAMA ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; good; 300,000 (est.) telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Mufti Mahmud; Pakistan no FM, 16 TV stations, and 4 repeaters; 1 ground satellite Nasrullah Khan station Democratic Party (PDP), Communists: party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand Other political or pressure groups: military remains potentially strong political force Member of: ADB, LENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, 1110, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $15.2 billion (FY77 est.), $200 per capita; average annual real growth, 3.8% (1970-77) Agriculture: extensive irrigation; main crops-wheat, rice, and cotton; foodgrain shortage, about 1 million tons imported in FY77 Fishing: catch 211,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas Electric power: 3,430,000 kW capacity (1977); 13.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 175 kWh per capita Exports: $1,174 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton (raw and manufactured), rice Imports: $2,455 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodgrains, edible oil, crude oil,machinery, transport equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., Japan, West Germany Budget: expenditures, FY77-current expenditures, $2,042 million; capital expenditures, $1,407 million Monetary conversion rate: 9.9 rupees=US$l (since February 1973) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June MUNICATIONS COM Railroads: 7,489 km total; 446 km meter gage (1.00 m), 6,431 km broad gage (1.676 m), 612 km narrow gage (0.762 m); 1,022 km double track; 286 km electrified; overnment-owned DEFENSE Military manpower: males 15-49, 17,693,000; 10,485,000 fit for military service; 838,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $996 million; about 28.4% of central government budget PANAMA LAND 75,650 km' (excluding Canal Zone, 1,430 km'); 24% agricultural land (9% fallow, 4% cropland, 11% pasture), 20% exploitable forest, 56% other forests, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 630 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf including sovereignty over superiacent waters) Coastline: 2,490 km g Highways: 63,567 km total; 16,077 km paved, 12,862 km gravel, 1,843 km improved earth, 32,785 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,850 km Pipelines: 230 km crude oil; 1,931 km natural gas Ports: 1 major, 5 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airfields: 108 total, 102 usable; 64 with permanent-sur- face runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 25 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 48 with runways 1,200-2,439 m Telecommunications: good international radiocommuni- cation service over CENTO microwave and intelsat satellite; domestic radiocommunications poor; broadcast service very PEOPLE Population: 1,812,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Panamanian(s); adjective-Pana- manian Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 14% Negro, 9% white, 7% Indian and other Religion: over 90% Roman Catholic, remainder mainly Protestant Language: Spanish; about 14% speak English as native tongue; many Panamanians bilingual Literacy: 82% of population 10 years of age and over Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Labor force: 482,200 (1972 est.); 39.5% commerce, finance and services; 33.9% agriculture, hunting and fishing; 9.7% manufacturing and mining; 6.8% construction; 5% Canal Zone; 3.9% transportation and communications; 1.2% utilities; unemployment estimated at 10% to 13%; shortage of skilled labor but an oversupply of unskilled labor Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Panama Type: republic Capital: Panama Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, I intendancy Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted in 1972; .judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Panama; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 3 November Branches: President (figurehead, subordinate to National Guard Commandant, General Omar Torrijos, who was granted special powers for 6 years by the Constitutional Assembly in 1972); popularly elected unicameral legislature (Corregimiento), which elects the President but which exercises few, if any, legislative powers and meets for one month each year; during the remainder of the year the National Legislative Council, the President, Vice President, Cabinet, and selected members of the Corregimiento exercise legislative functions; presidentially appointed Su- preme Court Government leaders: Demetrio Lakas is Constitutional President and Chief of State, but subordinate to Gen. Omar Torrijos, the National Guard Commandant and Chief of Government Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: elections for assembly of corregimientos in August 1978; corregimiento to choose President Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended; although the government in April 1978 indicated it would establish a new basis for parties, the new law will probably not be promulgated until very late 1978 or 1979; Communist Party illegal but allowed to operate Voting strength: no parties were active in the 1972 elections Communists: 500 active and several hundred inactive members People's Party (PdP); 500-600 members of rival Fraccion movement which split from PdP in 1974; 2,500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP); Panamanian Association of Business Executives (APEDE) Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2,006 million (1976), $1,167 per capita; 66% private consumption, 15% government consumption, 29% gross Fixed investment, -10% net foreign balance (1976); real growth (1976), 0.0% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most basic foods; 2,450 calories per day per capita (1969 ) Fishing: catch 80,183 metric tons (1975); exports $18.8 Million (1974); imports $2.2 million (1974) Major industries: food processing, metal products, con- struction materials, petroleum products, clothing, furniture Electric power (including Canal Zone): 600,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,359 kWh per capita Exports: $250 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); bananas, petro- leum products shrimp sugar, meat, coffee Imports: $700 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); manufactures, transportation equipment, crude petroleum, chemicals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-45% U.S., 12% Canal Zone, 9% West Germany, 7% Italy, 6% Netherlands; imports-31% U.S., 18% Ecuador, 8% Venezuela, 8% Colon Free Zone, 5% Japan, 4% Saudi Arabia, 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1976) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-76), $324 million loans, $177 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $266 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $28.9 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $10 million Budget: (1978) $538 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Balboa=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 249 km total; 77 km 1.524-meter gage, 172 km 0 914 . -meter gage Highways. 7 800 i_ KH1 gravel or crushed stone, 3,000 kin improved ands unim- proved earth; Panama Canal Zone 240 km; 230 km paved. 10 km gravel Inland waterways: 800 km navigable by shallow draft l vesse s; 82 km Panama Canal Pipelines: refined products, 96 km Ports: 2 major (Cristobal/Colon/Coco Solo, Panama City), 10 minor Civil air: 19 major transport aircraft Airfields: (including Canal Zone) 151 total, 151 usable; 34 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Telecommunications: domestic and international telecom facilities well developed; connection into Central American microwave net; COMSAT ground station; 155,200 tele- phones (9.0 per 100 popl.); 90 AM, 30 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 389,000; 270,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $32.6 million; about 10% of central government budget PAPUA NEW GUINEA SOLOMON ~,ISLANUS LAND 475,369 kmz Land boundaries: 966 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: about 5,152 km PEOPLE Population: 2,985,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-73 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Papua New Guinean(s); adjective- Papua New Guinean Ethnic divisions: predominantly Melanesian and Papuan, some Negrito, Micronesian, and Polynesian types Religion: over one-half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Catholic, 320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder animist Language: 700 indigenous languages; pidgin English and 2 or 3 native languages are linguae francae for over one-half of population; English spoken by 1% to 2% of population Literacy: 15%; in English, 0.1% Labor force: no available figures; mostly subsistence farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: Papua New Guinea Type: independent state within Commonwealth recogniz- ing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Port Moresby Political subdivisions: 18 administrative districts (12 in New Guinea, 6 in Papua) Legal system: based on English common law National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September Branches: executive-Executive Council; legislature- House of Assembly (109 members); judiciary-court system consists of Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea and various inferior courts (District Courts, Local Courts, Children's Courts, Wardens' Courts) Government leaders: Governor General, Tore Lokoloko; Prime Minister, Michael Somare Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: preferential-type elections for 109-member House of Assembly every 4 years, last held in June 1977 Political parties: Pangu Party, People's Progress Party, United Party, Papua Besena Communists: no significant strength Member of: ADB, CIPEC (associate), Commonwealth, ESCAP (associate), G-77, IBRD, ILO, IMF, U.N., WHO (associate) ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion (FY76 est.); real average annual growth rate (1969-74) 7% est. Agriculture: main crops-coconuts, coffee, cocoa, tea Major industries: sawmilling and timber processing, copper mining (Bougainville) Electric power: 284,000 kW capacity (1977); 700 million kWh produced (1977), 240 kWh per capita Exports: $636 million (f.o.b., FY77); principal products- copper, coconut products, coffee beans, timber Imports: $484 million (f.o.b., FY77) Major trade partners: Australia, U.K., Japan Aid: economic-Australia, $1,158 million committed (1976-81); World Bank group (1968-September 1969), $7.5 million committed; U.S. (FY70-74), $32.5 million extended Budget: (75-76) receipts 400 Australian dollars, expendi- tures 408 Australian dollars Monetary conversion rate: Kina $1=US$1.30 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 19,200 km total; 640 km paved, 10,960 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 7,600 km unimproved earth Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PAPUA NEW GUINEA/PARAGUAY Inland waterways: 10,940 km Ports: 5 principal, 8 minor Civil air: about 19 major transport aircraft Airfields: 540 total, 481 usable; 19 with permanent-sur- face runways; 2 with runways 2,440-with 3,659 m; 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 with runway 2,750 m-Port Moresby Telecommunications: Papua New Guinea telecom serv- ices are adequate and are being improved; principal telecom centers include Goroka, Lae, Madang, Mount Hagen, and Wewak in New Guinea; and Daru, Port Moresby and Samarai in Papua; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radio- telephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio and international radiocommunication services; numerous privately owned radio facilities exist; submarine cables extend from Madang to Australia and Guam; 37,500 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 31 AM, no FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 687,000; about 378,000 fit for military service Supply: dependent on Australia Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $22.3 million; 4.3% of central government budget PARAGUAY LAND 406,630 km2; 2% under crops, 24% meadow and pasture, 52% forested, 22% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 3,444 km PEOPLE Population: 3,095,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Paraguayan(s); adjective-Para- guayan Ethnic divisions: 95% mestizo, 5% white and Indian Religion: 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish and Guarani Literacy: officially estimated at 74% above age 10, but probably much lower (40%) Labor force: 800,000 (1971 .est.); 52.6% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 28.2% services; 19.2% manufacturing and mining (1970) Organized labor: about 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Paraguay Type: republic; under authoritarian rule Capital: Asuncion Political subdivisions: 16 departments and the national capital, 154 municipalities Legal system: based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; constitution promulgated 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at National University of Asuncion and Catholic University of Our Lady of the Assumption; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 14 May Branches: President heads executive; bicameral legisla- ture; judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: President General Alfredo Stroessner Suffrage: universal; compulsory between ages of 18-60 Elections: President and Congress elected together every 5 years; last election held in February 1978 Political parties and leaders: Colorado Party, Juan Ramon Chavez; Liberal Party (Levi-Liberal Party), Carlos Levi Ruffinelli; Febrerista Party, Roque Gaona; Radical Liberal Party and United Liberal Party (provisional unification of Liberal and Radical Liberal parties), Miguel Angel Martinez Yaryes; Christian Democratic Party, Anibal Recalde Sosa Voting strength (February 1978 general election): 90% Colorado Party, 5% Radical Liberal Party, 3% Liberal Party, Febrerista Party boycotted elections Communists: Oscar Creydt faction and Miguel Angel Soler faction (both illegal); est. 3,000 to 4,000 party members and sympathizers in Paraguay, very few are hard core; party in exile is small and deeply divided Other political or pressure groups: Popular Colorado Movement (MoPoCo) led by Epifanio Mendez Fleitas, in exile Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG 1.60 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ECONOMY GDP: $2.0 billion (1977, at current prices), $708 per capita; 7.0% public consumption; 73.6% private consump- tion, 29.4% gross domestic investment, -10.0% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate 1977, 8.24% Agriculture: main crops-oilseeds, cotton, wheat, manioc, sweet potatoes, tobacco, corn, rice, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most foods; caloric intake, 2,580 calories per day per capita (1963-64); protein intake, 70 grams per day per capita (20 grams of animal origin) Major industries: meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, light consumer goods, cement Electric power: 230,000 kW capacity (1977); 550 million kWh produced (1977), 193 kWh per capita Exports: $181.3 million (f.o.b., 1976); cotton, oilseeds, meat products, tobacco, timber, coffee, essential oils, tung oil Imports: $236.3 million (f.o.b., 1976); fuels and lubricants, machinery and motors, motor vehicles, beverages and tobacco, foodstuffs Major trade partners: 21% Argentina, 17% Brazil, 13% Algeria, 10% U.S. Aid: economic assistance-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76 and transition quarter), $84 million loans, $78 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $288.7 million; from other Western countries (1960-70), $21.9 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY57-76), $30 million Monetary conversion rate: 126 guaranies=US$1 (official rate, April 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,043 km total; 437 km standard gage (1.435 m), 136 km meter gage (1.00 m), 470 km various narrow gage (privately owned) Highways: 7,500 km total; 900 km paved, 600 km gravel, 6,000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,100 km Ports: 1 major (Asuncion), 9 minor (all river) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 940 total, 810 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: local telecom facilities in Asuncion good, intercity microwave net; 41,600 telephones (1.5 per 100 popl.); 25 AM, 9 FM stations, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 687,000; 518,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (17) annually, 33,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $41.2 million; about 14.7% of central government budget LAND 1,284,640 km2 (other estimates range as low as 1,248,380 km2); 2% cropland, 14% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 29% urban, waste, other Land boundaries: 6,131 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,414 km PEOPLE Population: 16,818,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Peruvian; adjective-Peruvian Ethnic divisions: 46% Indian; 38% mestizo (white- Indian); 15% white; 1% Negro, Japanese, Chinese Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Literacy: 45% to 50% Labor force: 5.0 million (1975); 42.1% agriculture, 17% services, 14% manufacturing, 9% trade, 4% construction, 4% transportation, 2% mining, 4% other Organized labor: 37.1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Peru Type: republic; under military regime since October 1968 Capital: Lima Political subdivisions: 23 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Province of Callao Legal system: based on civil law system; military government rules by decree and functions under Revolution- ary Statute which supersedes 1933 constitution; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July Branches: executive, judicial; congress disbanded after 3 October 1968 ouster of President Fernando Belaunde Terry Government leader: President, General Francisco Mo- rales Bermudez Cerrutti Suffrage: obligatory for citizens (defined as adult men and women and married persons over age 18) until age 60 Elections: June of 1978 a constituent assembly to be elected to draw up a new constitution; issuance of the new charter to be followed by presidential and parliamentary elections in 1980 Political parties and leaders: Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Victor Raul Haya de la Torre; and Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Lituma Portocarrero Voting strength (1963 election): 39% AP-PDC, 34% APRA, 25% UNO, 1% Communist, 1% other Communists: pro-Soviet (PCP/S) 2,000; pro-Chinese (2 factions) 1,200 Member of: AIOEC, ASSIMER, CIPEC, FAO, C-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, CIPEC, ICAO, IDA, 1DB, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Pact, NAM, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $11.3 billion (1977, in current prices), $680 per capita; 79% private consumption, 13.2% public consumption, 1.6.3% gross investment; -8.5% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate (1977), -0.1% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, potatoes, beans, rice, barley, coffee, cotton, sugarcane; imports-wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 2.0 million metric tons (1977); exports $219 million (1977) Major industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles and clothing, food processing, cement, auto assem- bly, steel, ship-building, metal fabrication Electric power: 2,073,000 kW capacity (1977); 8 billion kWh produced (1977), 475 kWh per capita Exports: $1,726 million (f.o.b., 1977); fish and fish products, copper, silver, iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee Imports: $2,131 million (f.o.b., 1977); foodstuffs, machin- ery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: exports-24% U.S., 15% Latin America, 21% EC, 14% Japan, 2% U.S.S.R. (1976); imports- 31% U.S., 23% EC, 17% Latin America, 12% Japan (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $223 million loans, $244 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $680 million; from other Western countries (1960-72), $136.1 million; from Communist countries (1969-76), $282 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY49-75), $184 million; from Communist countries (1974), $545 million Budget: (1977) $1.8 billion current revenues, $2.9 billion total expenditures including debt amortization Monetary conversion rate: 130 soles=US$1 (19 April 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,148 km total; 1,776 km standard gage (1.435 m), 46 km 0.60-meter gage, 326 km 0.914-meter gage; 14 km double track Highways: 52,400 km total; 5,400 km paved, 9,900 km gravel, 14,400 km improved earth, 22,700 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 208 km Lake Titicaca Pipelines: crude oil, 730 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 64 km Ports: 7 major, 20 minor Civil air: 26 major transport aircraft Airfields: 301 total, 301 usable; 24 with permanent-sur- face runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 46 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fairly adequate for most require- ments; new nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 410,000 telephones (2.5 per 100 pop].); 200 AM, 7 FM, and 31 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,695,000; 2,503,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (20) annually, 167,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $254 million; about 11.4% of central government budget PHILIPPINES LAND 300,440 permanent kmz; 53% forested, 30% pasture, 12% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 0-300 nm (under an archipelago theory, waters within straight lines joining appropriate points of outermost islands are considered internal waters; waters between these baselines and the 162 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 limits described in the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898, the U.S.-Spain Treaty of November 7, 1900, and the U.S.-U.K. Treaty of January 2, 1930 are considered to be the territorial sea) Coastline: about 22,540 km PEOPLE Population: 45,883,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Filipino(s); adjective-Philippine Ethnic divisions: 91.5% Christian Malay, 4% Muslim Malay, 1.5% Chinese, 3% other Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 10% Protestant, 4% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other Language: Tagalog (renamed Pilipino) is the national language of the Philippine Republic; English is the language of school instruction and government business Literacy: about 83% Labor force: 11 million; 60% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 12% manufacturing, 10.5% commerce, 10.5% government and services (business, recreation, domestic, personal), 3.5% transport, storage, communication, 3% construction; 0.5% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Philippines Type: republic Capital: Manila Political subdivisions: 72 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish, Islamic, and Anglo- American law; parliamentary constitution passed 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and 71 other law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; currently being ruled under martial law National holiday: Independence Day, 12 June Branches: new constitution (currently suspended) pro- vides for unicameral National Assembly, and a strong executive branch under a Prime Minister; judicial branch headed by Supreme Court with descending authority in a Court of Appeals, courts of First Instance in various provinces, municipal courts in chartered cities, and justices of the peace in towns and municipalities; these justices have considerably more authority than do justices of the peace in the U.S. Government leader: President Ferdinand E. Marcos Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections held for an interim National Assem- bly to meet in June Political parties and leaders: political parties currently in limbo because of martial law Communists: about 1,600 armed insurgents Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $20.7 billion (1977), $463 per capita; 6.1% real growth, 1976 Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, abaca, tobacco Fishing: catch 1.3 million metric tons (1975) Major industries: mining, agricultural processing, textiles, chemicals and chemical products Electric power: 4,076,000 kW capacity (1977); 14.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 315 kWh per capita Exports: $3,151 million (f.o.b., 1977); coconut products, sugar, logs and lumber, copper concentrates, bananas, garments, nickel, abaca Imports: $3,915 million (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum, indus- trial equipment, wheat Major trade partners: (1976) exports-35% U.S., 25% Japan; imports-28% Japan, 20% U.S. Aid: commitments 1970-76: U.S. economic, $467.3 mil- lion, military, $204.8 million; Western (except U.S.), $996.3 million; Eastern Europe, $35.5 million; OPEC, $61.0 million Budget: (CY78) revenues $3.8 billion, expenditures $4.6 billion, deficit $0.8 billion; 11% military, 89% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 7.38 pesos=US$1, February 1978 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,503 km total; 2 common-carrier systems 1.067-meter gage totaling about 1,170 km; 19 industrial systems with 4 different gages totaling 2,333 km; 34% government owned Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Highways: 109,690 km total (1976); 20,483 km paved; 51,642 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 37,565 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels Pipelines: refined products, 251 km Ports: 11 major, numerous minor Civil air: approximately 65 major transport aircraft Airfields: 332 total, 304 usable; 55 with permanent- surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 33 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,713,000; 6,941,000 fit for military service; about 448,000 reach military age (20) annually Supply: limited small arms and small arms ammunition, small patrol craft, and helicopter production; other materiel obtained almost exclusively from U.S.; naval ships and equipment from Australia, Japan, Singapore, U.S., and Italy; aircraft and helicopters from West Germany and U.S. LAND 312,354 km2; 49% arable, 14% other agricultural, 27% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 3,090 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (3 nm contiguous zone claimed in addition to the territorial sea) (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 491 km PEOPLE Population: 35,030,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Pole(s); adjective-Polish Ethnic divisions: 98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrainians, 0.5% Belorussians, less than 0.05% Jews, 0.2% other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other Language: Polish, no significant dialects Literacy: about 98% Labor force: 16.3 million; 38% agriculture, 26% industry, 36% other non-agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Polish People's Republic (PRL) Type: Communist state Capital: Warsaw Political subdivisions: 49 provinces Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 7 law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation Day, 22 July Branches: legislative, executive, judicial system domi- nated by parallel Communist party apparatus Government leaders: Piotr Jaroszewicz, Premier; Henryk Jablonski, chairman of Council of State (President) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: parliamentary and local government every 4 years Dominant political party and leader: Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) (Communist), Edward Gierek, First Secretary Voting strength (1975 election): 99% voted for Commu- nist-approved single slate Communists: 2,758,000 party members (March 1978) Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Front (FJN), including United Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo-Catholic Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, Primate Member of: CEMA, GATT, ICAO, ICES, IHO, Indochina Truce Commission, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITC, Korea Truce Commission, U.N. and all specialized agencies except IMF and IBRD, Warsaw Pact, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $95.2 billion in 1977, at 1976 prices, $2,743 per capita; 1977 growth rate, 5.1% 164 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 POLAND/PORTUGAL Agriculture: self-sufficient for minimum requirements; main crops-grain, sugar beets, oilseeds, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar; importer calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 656,200 metric tons (1976) Major industries: machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, and food processing (1977), Crude steel: 17.8 million metric tons produced about 510 kg. per capita (1977); 109.4 Electric power: 21,675,000 kW capacity billion kWh produced (1977), 3,135 kWh per capita Exports: $12,287 million (f.o.b., 1977); 46% machinery and equipment, 35% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufac- tures, 10% agricultural and food products, 9% light industrial Products 41% machinery imports: $14,646 million (f.o.b., 1977 ; WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 urn (fishing 12 and equipment, 41% fuels, raw materials, and set industry economic zone tures; 13% agricultural and food products; 5% light industrial nm); 200 urn exclusive (excludes Azores (708 km) and products (1977); with Coastline: 860 km exc Major trade partners: $26,933 million ; Madeira (225 km)) Communist countries, 44% with West commer- PEOPLE Monetary conversion rate: 3.32 zlotys=US$1 33.20 zlotys=US$1 (noncommercial) Population: metropolitan Portugal (including annual cial); Madeira Islands), 9,786,000 (July 1978), average Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data are and Ma (1 76 to 1 77) reported for calendar years except for caloric in3akelwhich is growth noun-Portuguese (sing. & p1.); adjective- reported for the consumption year, 1 July June Nationaratelity: 0.6% Portuguese in c COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 26,695 km total; 23, 474kkmsdo double track; (1.435 m), 2,879 km other gage; 6,308 km electrified; government owned (1976) Highways: 305,863 km total; 65,000 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 98,000 km crushed stone, gravel; 142,863 km Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean s o mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000 tholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% Religion: 97% Roman Ca other earth (1976) Portuguese Inland waterways: 3,759 km navigable streams and Language: 70% canals (1977) Literacy: force: (1976) 3.2 million; 27% agriculture, 36% Pipelines: 3,540 km for natural gas; 1,515 km for crude Labor industry, 37% services; unemployment-now more than oil; 322 km for refined products Freight carried: rail-470 million metric tons (1976), 14%-is largely due to influx of refugees from former highway-1,950 million colonies, returning migrant workers, and military cutbacks 130.8 billion metric ton/km metric to (1976); waterway- metric tons, 32.3 billion metric ton/km (1976); excl. ConOranized federation of huese Workerst-NationalIn ersindi transit metric tons, 1,560 waterway craft cal (GCTP-IN) claims to represent 85% of the labor force; 17.4 million with 525,600 metric ton capacity (1977) the Socialists and Social Democrats have lost ground over te with 525,600 0r metric in app with Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie), 6 last year despite efforts to improve their standing Ports: 4 major ( organized labor minor (1977) GOVERNMENT bl' PORTUGAL LAND z including the Azores Metropolitan Portugal: 94,276 km , and Madeira islands; 48% arable, 6% meadow and pasture, 31% forested, 15% waste and urban, inland water, and other Land boundaries: 1,207 km Legal name: Portuguese Repu lc Type: republic, first government under new constitution formed July 1976; major Political parties and officers of all-military Revolutionary Council signed document in 1975 agreeing to multiparty parliamentary December for d o electionslgnt Junep1976 of 4 years f owingypresidentiala Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Capital: Lisbon Political subdivisions. 18 districts in mainland Portugal; Portugal's two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira Islands, have 4 districts (3 of them in the Azores); Macao, Portugal's remaining overseas territory, was granted broad executive and legislative autonomy in February 1976; Portugal has not officially recognized the unilateral annex- ation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia Legal system: civil law system; new constitution adopted April 1976; for next four years, legislative assembly acts to be reviewed for constitutionality by Revolutionary Council; vetoes of laws by the Council, through the agency of the presidency, may be appealed to a Constitutional Commis- sion as a court of last resort; legal education at Universities of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 25 April Branches: executive with President and Prime Minister, with 18-member Revolutionary Council as advisory body to the President; Popularly elected Assembly of the Republic; independent judici a ry Government leaders: President Antonio Ramalho Eanes; Prime Minister Mario Soares Suffrage: universal over age 18, except for those barred by law for participation in "undemocratic" institutions prior to April 25, 1974 Elections: national elections for Assembly of the Republic to be held every 4 years, first Assembly under new constitution elected April 1976, will sit until October 14, 1980 unless earlier dissolved by the President; nation election for president to be held every 5 al years, term of first constitutional president-elected in June 1976-will end with 4 year transitional period; local elections to be held every 3 years, last elections in December 1976 Political parties and leaders: the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) is led by Mario Soares, the Social Democratic Party (PSD), formerly the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), by Sousa Franco, the Social Democratic Center (CDS) by Diogo Freitas do Amaral, and the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) by Alvaro Cunhal Voting strength: (1976 Parliamentary election) the Socialists polled 35% of the vote; the PSD received 24%, the CDS 16%, and the Communists 15%; (1976 local elections) PS 33%, PSD 24%, PCP 18%, CDS 17% Communists: Portuguese Communist Party claims mem- bership of 142,512 (March 1978) Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO (restricted membership), ICES, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO WMO WSG ECONOMY GNP: $14.8 billion est. (1977); breakdown-18% govern- mentdconsvestinummentption- ;, 8412%n% prietvate consumption; 10% gross fixe exports; average annual real GNP growth 1970-74, 8%; the Portuguese government puts the change in real GNP at -2.7% in 1975 and 5.8% in 1976, but -7.0% and +3.3% appear more realistic Agriculture: generally underdeveloped; main crops- grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; deficit foods-sugar, grain, meat, fish, oil seeds; caloric intake, 2,730 calories per day per capita (1969) Fishing: landed 368,633 metric tons (1976) Major industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine Crude steel: 460,000 tons produced (1976), 50 kg per capita Electric power: 4,600,000 kW capacity billion kWh produced (1977), 1,099 kWh per 9ca (10.8 p Exports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b. 1977); per capita textiles, cork and cork principal items-cotton products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin Imports: $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- petroleum, cotton, industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals Major trade partners: 45% EC (12% U.K., 11% W. Germany, 9% France, 4% Italy); 12% EFTA, 8% U.S., 4% Spain, 3% Iraq, 3% Saudi Arabia, 3% Japan, (1976) Aid: economic authorizations: U.S., $178 million (FY70-76) Budget: 1977-receipts, $2.7 billion; expenditures, $4.2 billion; deficit, $1.5 billion) Monetary conversion rate: 1 April, 1977) escudo=US$0.0258 (15 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS RdailCroads: 3,593 km total: state-owned Portuguese Rail- electrified operates 2,807 km 1.665-meter gage (406 km roaelectrified and 426 km double track), 760 km meter-gage (1.000 m); 26 km 1.665-meter gage double track, electrified, privately-owned Highways: 29,773 km total; 17,703 km bituminous, bituminous treatment, concrete and stoneblock; 11,587 km gravel and crushed stone; 483 km improved earth; plus an additional 16,898 km of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks) Inland waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimpor- tant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 297 metric ton cargo capacity Pipelines: crude oil, 11 km Ports: 6 major, 34 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased out) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Airfields including Azores and Madeira Islands): 50 total, 49 usable; 31 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities are generally adequate; 1.19 million telephones (12.9 per 100 popl.); 39 AM, 34 FM, and 42 TV stations; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,256,000; 1,829,000 fit for military service; average number reaching age (20) annually, about 76,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $575.8 million; about 14% of central government budget QATAR LAND About 10,360 km'; negligible amount forested; mostly desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 56 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 563 km PEOPLE Population: 162,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Qatari(s); adjective-Qatari Ethnic divisions: 56% Arab; 23% Iranian; 14% Pakistani; 7% other Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 10%-15% Labor force: primarily foreign GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Qatar Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Doha Legal system: discretionary system of law controlled by the ruler, although new civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters; a constitution was promulgated in 1970 National holiday: 3 September Government leader: Amir Khalifa ibn Hamad Al-Thani Suffrage: no specific provisions for suffrage laid down Elections: constitution calls for elections for part of State Advisory Council, semi-legislative body, but none have been held Political parties and pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine organizations are active Branches: Council of Ministers; appointive 30-member Advisory Council Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, NAM, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $4.0 billion (1976), $22,460 per capita Agriculture: farming and grazing on small scale; commer- cial fishing increasing in importance; most food imported; rice and dates staple diet Major industries: oil production and refining; crude oil production from onshore and offshore averaged 435,141 b/d (1977); 100% takeover was announced in October 1976 of the Qatar Petroleum Company, still negotiating with Qatar Shell about offshore fields; oil revenues accrued $2 billion in 1976, representing 95% of government/ royal family income; major development projects include $7 million harbor at Ad Dawhah, fertilizer plant, 2 desalting plants, refrigerated storage for fishing, and a cement plant Electric power: capacity 300,000 kW (1977); 660 million kWh produced (1977), 4,000 kWh per capita Exports: crude oil dominates; exports $2.2 billion (1976) of which petroleum is $2 billion Imports: $817 million (c.i.f., 1976) Aid: aid donor, pledged $450 million 1974, disbursed $200 million Budget: (1976) budgeted expenditures $986 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Qatar-Dubai rival=US$0.26 (through October 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 805 km total; 442 km bituminous; 362 km gravel; undetermined mileage of earth tracks Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Pipelines: crude oil, 169 km; natural gas, 97 km Ports: 1 major (Ad Dawhah), 1 minor Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway over 3,660 m Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft, 1 registered in the U.K. Telecommunications: international telecom traffic is by tropospheric scatter through Bahrain; fair domestic facilities; 24,000 telephones (14.8 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, I FM station, and 2 TV stations, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 41,000; about 24,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 24 January 1974, $53,680,900; 18% of central government budget REUNION LAND 2,512 km'; two-thirds of island extremely rugged, consisting of volcanic mountains; 48,600 hectares (less than one-fifth of the land) under cultivation WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 201 km PEOPLE Population: 491,000 (July rate 1.3% (1-76 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Reunionese Reunionese Ethnic divisions: most of the population is of thoroughly intermixed ancestry of French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, and Indian origin Religion: 94% Roman Catholic Language: French (official), Creole widely used Literacy: over 80% among younger generation Labor force: primarily agricultural workers; high seasonal unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of Reunion Type: overseas department of France; represented in French Parliament by three Deputies and two Senators Capital: Saint-Denis Legal system: French law Branches: Reunion is administered by a Prefect ap- pointed by the French Minister of Interior, assisted by a Secretary-General and an elected 36-man General Council Government leader: Prefect Paul Cousseran Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last municipal and general council elections in 1976; .Parliamentary election March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Reunion Communist Party (RCP) led by Paul Verges, only organized political movement on island; other political candidates affiliated with metropolitan French parties, which do not maintain permanent organizations on Reunion Voting strength (Parliamentary election 1978): Rally for the Republic (formerly Union of Democrats for the Republic) elected one deputy; Giscardian alliance elected one Republican deputy and one Centrist deputy Communists: Communist Party small-probably only 15-20 hard-line Communists-but has support among sugarcane cutters and in Le Port district Member of: EC, WFTU ECONOMY Agriculture: cash crops-almost entirely sugarcane, small amounts of vanilla and perfume plants; food crops-tropical fruit and vegetables, manioc, bananas, corn, market garden produce, also some tea, tobacco, and coffee; food crop inadequate, most food needs imported Major industries: 12 sugar processing mills, rum distilling plants, cigarette factory, 2 tea plants, fruit juice plant, canning factory, a slaughterhouse, and a number of small shops producing handicraft items Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 185 million kWh produced (1977), 370 kWh per capita Exports: $62 million (f.o.b., 1975); 90% sugar, 4% perfume essences, 5% rum and molasses, 1% vanilla and tea (1974) Imports: $410 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured goods, food, beverages, and tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials and petroleum products Major trade partners: France (in 1970 supplied 62% of Reunions imports, purchased 76% of its exports); Mauritius (supplied 12% of imports) Aid: major recipient of French foreign aid in Africa; French economic aid, $43.8 million (1974) 168 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Monetary conversion rate: 4.705 French francs=US$l Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,983 km total; 1,683 km paved, 300 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth Ports: 1 major (Port des Galets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: international telecom traffic is by tropospheric scatter through Bahrain; fair domestic facilities; 31,709 telephones (6.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM Station, and 2 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: military age males included with France RHODESIA LAND 391,090 km2; 40% arable (of which 6% cultivated); 60% available for extensive cattle grazing; 39% European alienated lands (farmed by modern methods), 48% African, 7% national land, 6% not alienated Land boundaries: 3,017 km PEOPLE Population: 6,972,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.4% (7-72 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Rhodesian(s); adjective-Rhodesian Ethnic divisions: 96% African, less than 4% European, less than 0.5% coloreds and Asians Religion: 51% syncretic (part Christian, part animist), 24% Christian, 24% animist, a few Muslim Language: English official; Chishona and Sindebele also widely used Literacy: 25%-30%; of whites, nearly 100% Labor force: (1972) 778,000 Africans (including some migrants from Zambia and Malawi), 108,000 Europeans, Asians, and coloreds (people of mixed heritage); 35% agriculture, 25% mining, manufacturing, construction, 40% transport and services Organized labor: about one-third of European wage earners are unionized, but only a small minority of Africans (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Southern Rhodesia Type: Self-proclaimed independent state since 1965 (not recognized by U.S.); provisional settlement with U.K. in November 1971 cancelled by U.K. in May 1972 in response to Pearce Commission's conclusion that its terms were unacceptable to the majority of black Rhodesians. A conference in Geneva in late 1976, failed to agree on a new multiracial interim government in Rhodesia to govern the country during a transition to black majority rule. In March 1978, Prime Minister Smith and three black nationalist leaders set up an interim government to prepare for transfer to black majority rule by 31 December 1978. The interim goverment has not been recognized by the U.S. and U.K., who are attempting to negotiate a settlement that will include external nationalist leaders. Capital: Salisbury Political subdivisions: 11 magisterial districts Legal system: Smith government implemented a republi- can constitution on 2 March 1970 which institutionalized white rule Branches: President Wrathall is ceremonial head of state; executive council (cabinet) lead by Prime Minister Smith; National Assembly gives highly disproportionate representa- tion to white minority-50 white constituency seats and 16 black constituency seats Government leaders: Prime Minister Ian Smith and President John Wrathall Suffrage: franchise is based on income, property holdings, and education; there are separate rolls for Africans and non-Africans Elections: must be held every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Rhodesian Front, Prime Minister Smith; Rhodesian Action Party, Ian Sandeman; National Unifying Force, Allan Savory; Zimbabwe United People's Organization, Jeremiah Chirau; United African National Council, Bishop Abel Muzorewa; African National Council/Sithole, Ndabaningi Sithole Voting strength (1977 elections): Rhodesian Front won all 50 white constituency seats in Parliament in August 1977 elections Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Communists: negligible Other pressure groups and leaders: external black nationalists Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe are loosely allied in the Patriotic Front Member of: ITU ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1976), $460 per capita; economy contracting since 1974 Agriculture: main crops-tobacco, corn, sugar, cotton; livestock; self-sufficient in foodstuffs Major industries: mining, steel, textiles, chemicals, and vehicles Electric power: 1,453,000 kW capacity (1977); 7.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,000 kWh per capita Exports: $652 million (f.o.b., 1973), including net gold sales and reexports; tobacco, asbestos, copper, meat, chrome, gold, nickel, clothing, sugar Imports: $541 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery, petroleum products, wheat, transport equipment Net merchandise earnings: $264 million (.1976) Major trade partner: South Africa Aid: no substantial military or economic aid Budget: FY77-revenues $797 million, expenditures $887 million, deficit $40 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Rhodesian dollar=US$1.50 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,239 km narrow gage (1.067 m); 41 km double track Highways: 78,428 km total; 7,995 km paved, 32,855 km crushed stone, gravel, stabilized soil, or improved earth; 37,578 km unimproved earth (est.) Inland waterways: 280 km on Lake Kariba Pipelines: 8 km crude oil (nonoperating) Airfields: 369 total, 364 usable; 16 with permanent-sur- face runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, I with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased out) Telecommunications: system is one of the best in Africa; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocom- munication stations; principal center Salisbury, secondary center Bulawayo; 190,300 telephones (2.8 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, I FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,511,000; 923,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 71,000 ROMANIA LAND 237,503 km2; 44% arable, 19% other agriculture, 27% forested, 10% other Land boundary: 2,969 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 225 km PEOPLE Population: 21,868,000 (July growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Romanian(s); adjective-Romanian Ethnic divisions: 87% Romanian, 8% Hungarian, 2% German, 3% other Religion: 14 million Romanian Orthodox, 1 million Roman Catholic, 1 million Protestants, 60,000 Jews, 30,000 Muslims Language: Romanian, Hungarian, German Literacy: 98%-99% of total population Labor force: 10.2 million (1975); 38% agriculture, 31% industry, 31% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Bucharest Political subdivisions: 39 counties and 46 municipalities, including Bucharest that has administrative status equal to a county Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory which increasingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 23 August 170 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State Government leaders: Nicolae Ceausescu, President of the Socialist Republic, head of state; Manea Manescu, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory Elections: elections held every 5 years for Grand National Assembly deputies and local people's councils Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party, Nicolac Ceausescu, Secre- tary General Voting strength (1975 election): overall participation reached 99.96%; of those registered to vote (14,900,032), 98.8% voted for party candidates Communists: 2,747,000 (end of 1975) Member of: CEMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $57.0 billion (1977, in 1976 prices), $2,630 per capita; 1977 real growth rate, 3.6% Agriculture: net exporter; main crops-corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock-cattle, hogs, sheep; caloric intake, 118% of requirements Fish catch: 124,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: machinery, metals, fuels, chemicals, textiles, food processing, timber processing Shortages: iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber Crude steel: 11.5 million metric tons produced (1977), 527 kg per capita Electric power: 13,200,000 kW capacity (1977); 59.8 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,750 kWh per capita Exports: $7.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 26% machinery and equipment; 16% foodstuffs; 16% consumer goods; 24% fuels, metals, materials; 18% other (1976) Imports: $7.0 billion (mixture f.o.b. and c.i.f., 1977); 32% machinery and equipment; 41% fuels, metals, raw materials; 8% foodstuffs; 19% other (1976) Major trade partners: $14.0 billion in 1977; 57% non-Communist countries, 43% Communist countries (18% U.S.S.R.) (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 4.47 lei=US$1 (commercial), 12 lei=US$l (tourist) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year, 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 12,080 km total; 10,467 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,600 km narrow gage, 1.3 km broad gage; 1,407 km electrified, 2,040 km double track; government owned (1976) Highways: 77,768 km total; 13,470 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 14,412 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 49,886 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 1,691 km (1977) Pipelines: 2,735 km crude oil; 1,429 km refined products; 5,149 km natural gas Freight carried: rail-238.0 million metric tons, 67.6 billion metric ton/km (1976); highway-442.2 million metric tons, 9.9 billion metric ton/km (1976); waterway- 7.9 million metric tons, 2.1 billion metric ton/km in approximately 515 waterway craft, with 493,750 metric ton capacity (1977) Ports: 5 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia, Tulcea), 1 minor (1978) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 12.0 billion lei; about 3.8% of total budget RWANDA LAND 25,900 km?; almost all the arable land, about 1/3 under cultivation, about 1 /3 pastureland Land boundaries:, 877 km PEOPLE Population: 4,444,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun Rwandan(s); adjective-Rwandan Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid) Religion: 45% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest animist Language: Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 RWANDA/ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA Literacy: 10% in French and Kinyarwanda Labor force: less than 5% in cash economy GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Rwanda Type: republic, presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; 1962 constitution still in force except for Title V on the National Assembly Capital: Kigali Political subdivisions: 10 prefectures, subdivided into 142 communes Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: President, Government leader: mana, Head of State Suffrage: universal and 15-member cabinet Major General Juvenal Hahyari- allowed by present government; elections of Communal Counsellors held November 1974 Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for Development, General Habyarimana (offi- cially not a party-a "development movement" only) Communists: no Communist party Member of: AFDB, EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $603 million (1976 provisional), $140 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-mainly coffee, tea, some pyre- thrum; main food crops-bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs Major industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore), wolfram (tungsten ore), agricultural processing, and light consumer goods Electric power: 35,000 kW capacity (1977); 142 million kWh produced (1977), 32 kWh per capita Exports: $104 million (f.o.b., 1976); mainly coffee, tea, pyrethrum, cassiterite Imports: $103.7 million (c.i.f., 1976); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment Major trade partners: U.S., Belgium, West Germany, Kenya Aid: external aid amounted to $52 million in 1974 with Belgium providing about 30% of this amount, the European Development Fund 15%, and World Bank about 15%; other donors include France, Canada, Germany, U.S., Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, PRC, UNDP, and Libya Budget: revenues $71 million; expenditures $53.8 million (1976 provisional) Monetary conversion rate: 92.84 (official) since January 1974 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 9,020 km total; 320 km paved, 2,700 km gravel and/or improved earth, 6,000 km unimproved Inland waterways: Lake Kivu navigable by barges and native craft Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 9 total, 9 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: low-capacity radio-relay system centered on Kigali; 3,600 telephones (0.1 per 100 Pop].); 2 AM, I FM, no TV stations; Symphonie COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 998,000; 503,000 fit for military service; no conscription; 46,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $11,172,295; 19% of central government budget ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA ANGUILLA ST. CHRISTOPHER % NEVIS ? uP- S S LAND 389 km2; 40% arable, 10% pasture, wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 193 km PEOPLE Population: 56,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent 172 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA/ST. LUCIA Major industries: sugar processing, salt extraction Electric power: 15,000 kW capacity (1977); 32 million kWh produced (1977), 460 kWh per capita Exports: $6.8 million (f.o.b., 1973); sugar, molasses, cotton, salt, copra Imports: $12.0 million (c.i.f., 1973); foodstuffs, fuel, manufactures Major trade partners: exports-50% U.S., 35% U.K.; imports-21% U.K., 17% Japan, 11% U.S. (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$l (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 57 km, narrow gage (0.760 m) on St. Kitts for sugar cane Highways: 300 km total; 100 km paved, 150 km otherwise improved, 50 km unimproved earth Ports: 3 minor (1 on each island) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good interisland VHF/UHF radio connections and international link via Antigua; about 2,500 telephones (4.4 per 100 popl.); 3 AM and 5 TV stations Nationality: noun-Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s), Anguillan(s); adjective-Kittsian, Nevisian, Anguillan Religion: Church of England, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 19,616 (1960 est.) Organized labor: 6,700 GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State"; Anguilla formally seceded in May 1967 but has not been recognized as an independent state by any government; in July 1968 a legislative council headed by Ronald Webster was elected to govern Anguilla; in March 1969 the U.K. sent troops to Anguilla, placing the island again under colonial rule; in 1971, Anguilla reverted to its former colonial relationship with the U.K. although nominally remaining part of the Associated state of St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla; Webster became leader of Anguillan Council after constitutionally held elections (1972); in February 1976, the U.K. granted a new constitution to Anguilla which changed its status to that of a crown colony; in February 1977 Emile Gumbs replaced Webster as Chief Minister Capital: Basseterre Political subdivisions: 10 districts Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial organ is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 10-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Acting Premier C. A. P. Southwell for ailing Premier Robert Bradshaw; U.K. Governor, Probyn Inniss Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: at least every 5 years; most recent December 1975 Political parties and leaders: St. Chirstopher-Nevis-An- guilla Labor Party, Robert L. Bradshaw; People's Action Movement (PAM), William Herbert; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Ivor Stevens Voting strength (December 1975 election): St. Christo- pher-Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party won 7 seats in the House of Assembly, NRP won 2, and 1 seat remains open for Anguilla which did not participate in the election Communists: none known Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $14.7 million (1970), $210 per capita Agriculture: main crops-sugar on St. Christopher, cotton on Nevis ST. LUCIA LAND 616 kmQ; 50% arable, 3% pasture, 19% forest, 5% unused but potentially productive, 23% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 158 km PEOPLE Population: 119,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.7% (current) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ST. LUCIA/ST. VINCENT Nationality: noun-St. Lucian(s); adjective-St. Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English, French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 38,000 (1969); 50% unemployment (1975) Organized labor: 20% Lucian GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Lucia Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: Castries Political subdivisions: 16 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 17-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier John Compton; U.K. Governor Sir Allen Lewis Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent May 1974 Political parties and leaders: United Worker's Party (UWP), John Compton; St. Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Allan Louisy Voting strength (1974 election): UWP (53%) won 10 of the 17 elected seats in House of Assembly; SLP (45%) won 7 seats; independents (2%) no seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $60 million (1974 est.), $530 per capita; real growth rate 1974, negligible Agriculture: main crops-bananas, copra, sugar, cocoa, spices Major industries: tourism, time processing Shortages: food, machinery, capital goods Electric power: 14,000 kW capacity (1977); 40 million kWh produced (1977), 365 kWh per capita Exports: $17 million (f.o.b., 1976); sugar, bananas, cocoa Imports: $47 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fertilizers, petroleum products Major trade partners: 51% U.K., 9% Canada, 17% U.S. (1970) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 750 km total; 450 km paved; 300 km otherwise improved Ports: 1 major (Castries), I minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, I with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic telephone system with 6,600 telephones (5.8 per 100 popl.); direct radio-relay link with Martinique; interisland tropospheric links to Barbados and Antigua; 3 AM stations, 1 TV station ST. VINCENT LAND 389 km, (including northern Grenadines); 50% arable, 3% pasture, 44% forest, 3% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 84 km PEOPLE Population: 105,000 (July 1978), average annual rate 1.5% (4-60 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-St. Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s); adjectives-St. Vincentian or Vincentian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent; remainder mixed with some white and East Indian and Carib Indian Religion: Church of England, Methodist, Roman Catholic Language: English, some French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 50,000 (1972 est.); about 60% unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Vincent Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" 174 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Capital: Kingstown Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Government leaders: Premier R. Milton Cato; Governor General (U.K.) Sir Rupert G. John Suffrage: universal adult suffrage (18 years old and over) Elections: every 5 years; most recent December 9, 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's Political Party (PPP), Ebenezer Joshua; St. Vincent Labor Party (LP), R. Milton Cato; Democratic Freedom Movement, Parnell Campbell and Kenneth John Voting strength (1975 election): LP 10 seats, PPP 2 seats, independent 1 seat in the Legislature Communists: negligible; Marxist opposition group, Youlon United Liberation Organization (Yulimo) Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $20 million (1971 est.), $200 per capita; 6.9% growth in 1971 Agriculture: main crops-bananas, arrowroot, coconut Major industries: food processing Electric power: 6,500 kW capacity (1977); 18 million kWh produced (1977), 190 kWh per capita Exports: $4.7 million (f.o.b., 1973); bananas, arrowroot, copra Imports: $18.6 million (c.i.f., 1973); fertilizer, flour, transportation equipment, lumber, textiles Major trade partners: exports-61% U.K., 30% CARI- COM, 9% U.S.; imports-29% CARICOM, 28% U.K., 9% Canada, 9% U.S. (1972) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 550 km total; 200 km paved; 200 km otherwise improved; 150 km unimproved earth Ports: 1 major, 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: islandwide fully automatic tele- phone system with 4,900 sets (4.8 per 100 popl.); VHF/UHF interisland links to Barbados and the Grenadines; 2 AM stations LAND 62 km2; 74% cultivated, 22% meadows and pastures, 4% built-on Land boundaries: 34 km PEOPLE Population: 20,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1976) Nationality: noun-Sanmarinese (sing. & pl.); adjective- Sanmarinese Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian Literacy: illiteracy relatively insignificant Labor force: approx. 4,300 Organized labor: General Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated Camera del Lavoro, about 1,000 members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of San Marino Type: republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government Capital: San Marino Political subdivisions: San Marino is divided into 9 castelli: Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Dog- manano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve 5-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-Re- gent who exercise executive power for term of 6 months, the Council of State whose members head government adminis- trative departments and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Government leaders (in caretaker status since fall of government 17 November 1977): Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs and for Information, Giancarlo Ghironzi (Christian Democratic party); Secretary of State for Internal Affairs and Justice, Clara Boscaglia (Christian Democratic party); Secretary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning, Remy Giacomini (Socialist Party) Suffrage: universal (since 1960) Elections: elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every 5 years; an election was held 28 May 1978 in effort to resolve government crisis pending since November 1977 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic party (DCS), Gian Luigi Berti; Social Democratic Party (PSDSM), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Barulli; People's Demo- cratic Party (PDP), leader unknown; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown Voting strength (1974 election): 39.6% DCS, 23.7% PCS, 15.4% PSDIS, 13.9% PSS, 1.9% PDP, 2.9% CDR Communists: approx. 300 members (number of sympa- thizers cannot be determined); PSS, in government with Christian Democrats since March 1973, formed a govern- ment with the PCS from the end of World War II to 1957 Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy, the two Socialist parties are not united Member of: ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, IRC, UPU ECONOMY Principal economic activities of San Marino are farming, livestock raising, light manufacturing, and tourism; the largest share of government revenue is derived from the sale of postage stamps throughout the world and from payments by the Italian government in exchange for Italy's monopoly in retailing tobacco, gasoline, and a few other goods; main problem is finding additional funds to finance badly needed water and electric power systems expansions Agriculture: principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock products Electric power: obtained from Italy, 1977 Manufacturing: consists mainly of cotton textile produc- tion at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogane, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogane, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced Foreign transactions: dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreigners visit San Marino every day; a number of hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 104 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serv- ing 5,700 telephones (28.1 per 100 popl.); no radiobroadcast- ing or television facilities LAND 964 km2 (Sao Tome, 855 km2 and Principe, 109 km2; including small islets of Pedras Tinhosas) WATER Limits of territorial waters: 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: estimated 209 km PEOPLE Population: 75,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1972) Nationality: noun-Sao Tomean(s): adjective-Sao Tomean Ethnic divisions: native Sao Tomeans, migrant Cape Verdians, Portuguese Religion: Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh Day Adventist 176 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE/SAUDI ARABIA Language: Portuguese official Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; nearly half the island's work force, about 10,000 people, are unemployed, the other half work on cocoa plantations GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Principe Republic of Sao Tome and Type: republic established when independence received from Portugal in July 1975; constitution adopted December 1975 Capital: Sao Tome Legal system: based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 12 July Branches: Da Costa heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers Government leaders: President Manuel Pinto Prime Minister Miguel Anjos da Cuna Lisboa Suffrage: universal for age 18 and over Da Costa, Trovoada Elections: elections were held July 1975 for the President Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liber- ation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Secretary-General Manuel Pinto Da Costa Communists: no Communist Communist sympathizers party, probably Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $20 million (1975 estimate); per capita income $250 (1975 est.) Agriculture: cash crops-cocoa, copra, coconut, coffee, palm oil, bananas Major industries: food processing on small scale, timber Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1977); 5 million kWh produced (1977), 70 kWh per capita Exports: $8.5 million (f.o.b., 1976); mainly cocoa (90%), copra (7%), coconut, coffee, palm oil Imports: $10 million (c.i.f., 1976); communications equipment, light and heavy vehicles, food products, beverages, fuels and lubricants Major trade partners: main partner, Portugal; followed by Netherlands, West Germany, African neighbors Aid: Portugal remains principal aid donor; however, the PRC and UNDP have established substantial programs of technical assistance and the Romanians and Cubans have somewhat smaller programs; the U.S. is providing some training for Sao Tomeans under regional AID programs Budget: balanced at an estimated $6.6 million (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 40.64 escudos=US$1 (Novem- ber 1977) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Sao Tome) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: minimal system; 750 telephones (1.0 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations SAUDI ARABIA LAND Estimated at about 2,331,000 km2 (boundaries undefined and disputed); 1% agricultural, 1% forested, 98% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 4,537 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 2,510 km PEOPLE Population: 7,862,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Saudi(s); adjective-Saudi Arabian or Saudi Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian (est.) Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: about 33% (one-half foreign) of population; 40% agriculture and herding, 12% construction, 12% service, 12% government, 11% commerce, 13% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Type: monarchy Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SAUDIA ARABIA/SENEGAL Capital: Riyadh; foreign ministry and foreign diplomatic representatives located in Jiddah Political subdivisions: 18 amirates Legal system: largely based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 23 September Branches: King Khalid (Al Saud, Khalid ibn Abd al-Aziz) rules in consultation with royal family (especially Crown Prince Fahd), and Council of Ministers Government leader: King Khalid Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $48 billion (1976 est.), $8,300 per capita; annual growth in real non-oil GNP approx. 15% (1973/76 average, non-oil) Agriculture: dates, grains, livestock; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum production 8.6 million b/d (1976); payments to Saudi Arabian Government, $31 billion (1976 est.); cement production and small steel-rolling mill and oil refinery; several other light industries, including factories producing detergents, plastic products, furniture, etc.; PETROMIN, a semipublic agency associated with the Ministry of Petroleum, has recently completed a major fertilizer plant Electric power: 2,930,000 kW capacity (1977); 6.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 839 kWh per capita Exports: $35.5 billion (f.o.b., 1976); 99% petroleum and petroleum products Imports: $13.4 billion (c.i.f., 1976); manufactured goods, transportation equipment, construction materials, and proc- essed food products Major trade partners: exports-U.S., Western Europe, Japan; imports--U.S., Japan, West Germany Monetary conversion rate: I Saudi riyal=US$0.28 as of February 1976 (linked to SDR, freely convertible) Fiscal year: follows Islamic year; the 1973-74 Saudi fiscal year covers the period 30 July 1973 through 1 July 1974 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 575 km standard gage (1.435 m) Highways: 17,850 km total; 10,750 km bituminous, 7,100 km gravel and improved earth, undetermined kilometers of earth roads and tracks Pipelines: 2,430 km crude oil; 386 km refined products; 98 km natural gas Ports: 3 major (Jidda, Ad Damman, Ras Tanura), 6 minor Civil air: 77 major transport aircraft (including 10 leased in) Airfields: 119 total, 94 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 6 with runways over 3,660 m Telecommunications: fair system exists, major expansion program underway with microwave, coaxial cable, satellite systems; 200,000 telephones (2.5 per 100 pop].); 6 AM, 1 FM, I1 TV stations, 1 submarine cable; 2 Intelsat stations, several domestic satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,810,000; 1,022,000 fit for military service; about 66,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 1 July 1978, $9,528 million; about 28% of central government budget SENEGAL LAND 196,840 km2; 13% forested, cultivated), 47% built-up areas, Land boundaries: 2,680 km WATER 40% agricultural (12% waste, etc. Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 531 km PEOPLE Population: 5,380,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Senegalese Senegalese (sing. & p1.); adjective- Ethnic divisions: 36% Wolof, 17.5 Fulani, 16.5 Serer, 9% Tukulor, 9% Dyola, 6.5% Malinke, 4.5% other African, 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 80% Muslim, 15% animist, 5% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Language: French official, but regular use limited to literate minority; most Senegalese speak own tribal language; use of Wolof vernacular spreading-now spoken to some degree by nearly half the population Literacy: 5%-10% (est.) in 14 plus age group Labor force: 1,732,000; about 80% subsistence agricul- tural workers; about 170,000 wage earners Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force repre- sented by unions; however, dues-paying membership very limited, three labor central unions, major central is CNTS, an affiliate of governing party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Senegal Type: republic Capital: Dakar Political subdivisions: 8 regions, subdivided into 27 departments, 95 arrondissements Legal system: based on French civil law system; constitution adopted 1960, revised 1963 and 1970; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court (which also audits the government's accounting office); legal education at University of Dakar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April Branches: government dominated by President who is assisted by Prime Minister, appointed by President and subject to dismissal by President or censure by National Assembly; 100-member National Assembly, elected for 5 years (effective 1978); President elected for 5-year term (effective 1978) by universal suffrage; judiciary headed by Supreme Court, with members appointed by President Government leaders: Leopold Sedar Senghor, President; Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal adult Elections: presidential and legislative elections held February 1978 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: legal parties are Parti Socialiste (PS), ruling party led by President Leopold Senghor; Parti Democratique Senegalaise (PDS), "liberal democratic" party founded July 1974, and "Marxist-Lenin- ist" African Independence Party (PAI), legalized in August 1976; unauthorized parties include clandestine PAI splinter group, leftist Rassemblement Nationale Democratique, and Parti Communiste Senegalais (PCS) Communists: small number of Communists and sympa- thizers associated with PAI and PCS Other political or pressure groups: students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.7 billion (1976), $360 per capita; real growth -2.3% in 1976 Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, millet, sorghum, man- ioc, rice; peanuts primary cash crop; production of food crops increasing but still insufficient for domestic re- quirements Fishing: catch 361,673 metric tons (1975); exports $30.9 million (1974) Major industries: fishing, agricultural processing plants, light manufacturing, mining Electric power: 183,850 kW capacity (1977); 603 million kWh produced (1977), 115 kWh per capita Exports: $503 million (f.o.b., 1976); peanuts and peanut products; phosphate rock; canned fish Imports: $663 million (c.i.f., 1976); food, consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC (other than France), and franc zone Aid: economic-France (1966-70), $115 million; China (1976), $51.8 million; U.S. (FY61-76), $69 million; U.S.S.R., $7.6 million; EC (1961-73), $154 million; military-U.S. (FY61-76), $2.8 million Budget: 1978-balanced at $629 million Monetary conversion rate: francs; about 242.69 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977, floating Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,033 km meter gage (1.00 m); 64 km double track Highways: 13,589 km total; 2,547 km paved, 11,042 km other Inland waterways: 1,505 km Ports: 1 major (Dakar), 2 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 27 total, 27 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: relatively advanced for Africa; 39,000 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, no FM station, and 1 TV station; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,179,000; 609,000 fit for military service; 48,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $45,117,408; about 7.2% of central government budget Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SEYCHELLES SEYCHELLES :;. Victoria COMOROS LAND 404 km0; 54% arable land, nearly all of it is under cultivation, 17% wood and forest land, 29% other (mainly reefs and other surfaces unsuited for agriculture); 40 granitic and 43 coral islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 491 km (Mahe Island 93 km) PEOPLE Population: 62,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.1% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Seychellois (sing. & pl.); adjective- Seychelles Ethnic divisions: Seychellois (admixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans) Religion: 90% Roman Catholic Language: English official; Creole most widely spoken Literacy: limited; 90% of school-age population is attending school Labor force: 15,000 in monetized sector (excluding self- employed, domestic servants, and workers on small farms); 33% public sector employment, 20% private sector employ- ment in agricuture, 20% private sector employment in construction and catering services Organized labor: 3 major trade unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Seychelles Type: republic; member of the Commonwealth Capital: Victoria, Mahe Island Legal system: based on English common law, French civil law system, and customary law National holiday: 29 June Branches: President, Council of Ministers Government leader: President, France Albert Rene Suffrage: universal adult Elections: April 1974, new government has promised election by June 1979, but not before new constitution drafted Political parties and leaders: Rene, who heads the Seychelles People's United Party, came to power by a military coup in June 1977, until then he had been Prime Minister in an uneasy coalition with then President James Mancham, who headed the Seychelles Democratic Party. Rene banned the Seychelles Democratic Party in mid-March and plans to turn the country into a one-party state. Rene dissolved the National Assembly, and plans to rule by presidential decree until a new constitution is drafted. Rene abrogated the constitution without qualification upon taking power. Subsequently the government decided to retain some provisions, but presidential decree enables the President and specified subordinates to violate constitutional safeguards in interests of state security Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: trade unions which are appendages of political parties Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $29 million (1974); $500 per capita; 4.6% growth rate (1974) Agriculture: islands depend largely on coconut production and export of copra; cinnamon, vanilla, and patchouli (used for perfumes) are other cash crops; food crops-small quantities of sweet potatoes, cassava, sugarcane, and bananas; islands not self-sufficient in foodstuffs and the bulk of the supply must be imported; fish is an important food source Major industries: processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, small-scale manufacture of consumer goods, coir rope factory, tea factory, tourism Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1977); 25 million kWh produced (1977), 410 kWh per capita Exports: $6 million (f.o.b., 1975); cinnamon (bark and oil) and vanilla account for almost 50% of the total, copra accounts for about 40%, the remainder consisting of patchouli, fish, and guano Imports: $33 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, tobacco, and beverages account for about 40% of imports, manufactured goods about 25%, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, textiles Major trade partners: exports-India, U.S.; imports- U.K., Kenya, South Africa, Burma, India, Australia Aid: $32 million in aid during 1974-76 from U.K.; US (FY53-76) $0.8 million Budget: (1978) proposed revenues, $13 million; expendi- tures $17 million Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 Seychelles rupees=US$l Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 215 km total; 145 km bituminous, 70 km crushed stone or earth Ports: 1 small port (Victoria) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable (on Praslin Island, Astove Island, Bird Island, Mahe Island); with 1 permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 Telecommunications: direct radiocommunication with adjacent islands and African coastal countries; 3,900 telephones (6.4 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,000; 7,000 fit for military service Supply: infantry-type weapons and ammunition from Tanzania SIERRA LEONE LAND 72,261 km2; 65% arable (6% of total land area under cultivation), 27% pasture, 4% swampland, 4% forested Land boundaries: 933 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 402 km PEOPLE Population: 3,256,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.3% (12-74 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Sierra Leonean, adjective-Sierra Leonean Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, rest European and Asian; 13 tribes Religion: 70% animist, 25% Muslim, 5% Christian Language: English official, but regular use limited to literate minority; principal vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; "Krio," the language of the resettled ex-slave population of the Freetown area, is used as a lingua franca Literacy: about 10% Labor force: about 1.5 million; most of population engages in subsistence agriculture; only small minority, some 70,000, earn wages Organized labor: 35% of wage earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Sierra Leone Type: republic under presidential regime since April 1971 Capital: Freetown Political subdivisions: 3 provinces; divided into 12 districts with 146 chiefdoms, where paramount chief and council of elders constitute basic unit of government; plus western area, which comprises Freetown and other coastal areas of the former colony Legal system: based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; constitution adopted April 1971; highest court of appeal is the Sierra Leone Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Day, 19 April Branches: executive authority exercised by President; parliament consists of 100 authorized seats, 85 of which are filled by elected representatives of constituencies and 12 by Paramount Chiefs elected by fellow Paramount Chiefs in each district; President authorized to appoint four members, of which two, currently, are filled by the heads of the Army and the Police independent judiciary Government leader: Siaka Stevens, President, heads APC government composed of members of his political party Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: the maximum life of an elected parliament is 5 years, but it may be dissolved earlier by the President; parliamentary election held in May 1977; President is elected by parliament for 5 year term; next presidential election 1981 Political parties and leaders: All People's Congress (APC), headed by Stevens; Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) is the opposition party Communists: no party, although there are a few Communists and a slightly larger number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 ECONOMY GDP: $680 million (mid 1975), $240 per capita; growth rate 1.8% (mid-1971 to mid-1975) Agriculture: main crops-palm kernels, coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, millet, ginger, cassava; much of cultivated land devoted to subsistence farming; food crops insufficient for domestic consumption Fishing: catch 67,797 metric tons (1975); imports $2.7 million (1974) Major industries: mining-diamonds, iron ore, bauxite, rutile; manufacturing-beverages, textiles, cigarettes, con- struction goods; 1 oil refinery Electric power: 85,000 kW capacity (1977); 264 million kWh produced (1977), 80 kWh per capita Exports: $105 million (f.o.b., 1976); diamonds, iron ore, palm kernels, cocoa, coffee Imports: $124 million (f.o.b., 1976); machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.K., EC, U.S., Japan, Communist countries Budget: (FY77 est.) current revenues $102 million, total expenditures $145 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Leone=US$0.91 (November 1977) Fiscal year: I July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 84 km narrow gage (1.067 m) privately owned mineral line operated by the Sierra Leone Develop- ment Company Highways: 7,073 km total; 1,148 km bituminous, 507 km laterite (some gravel), and 5,418 km improved earth Inland waterways: 800 km; 600 km navigable year-round Ports: 1 major (Freetown), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 16 total, 16 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph are inade- quate; 15,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 2 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 660,000; 317,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 30 June 1978, $11,379,310 (excluding procurement funds); 8.5% of central government budget SINGAPORE LAND 583 km2; 31% built up area, roads, railroads, and airfields, 22% agricultural, 47% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 193 km PEOPLE Population: 2,339,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.3% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Singaporean(s), adjective-Singapore Ethnic divisions: 76.2% Chinese, 15% Malay, 7% Indians and Pakistani, 1.8% other Religion: majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim; minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists Language: national language is Malay; Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English are official languages Literacy: 70% (1970) Labor force: 474,718; 0.5% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.4% mining and quarrying, 32.2% manufacturing, 30.4% services, 5.2% construction, 21.5% commerce, 9.8% transport, storage, and communications Organized labor: 24% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Singapore Type: republic within Commonwealth since separation from Malaysia in August 1965 Capital: Singapore Legal system: based on English common law; constitution based on preindependence State of Singapore constitution; legal education at University of Singapore; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 9 August Branches: ceremonial President; executive power exer- cised by Prime Minister and cabinet responsible to unitary legislature Government leaders: President, Dr. Benjamin Sheares; Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew Suffrage: universal over age 20; voting compulsory 182 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SINGAPORE/SOLOMON ISLANDS Elections: normally every 5 years Political parties and leaders: government-People's Action Party (PAP), Lee Kuan Yew; opposition-Barisan Sosialis Party (BSP), Dr. Lee Siew Choh; Workers' Party, J. B. Jeyaretnam; Communist Party illegal Voting strength (1976 election): PAP won all 69 seats in Parliament and received 72.4% of vote; remaining 27.6% to four opposition parties Communists: 200-500; Barisan Sosialis Party infiltrated by Communists Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $5.84 billion (1976), $2,560 per capita; 10.4% average annual real growth (1966-77), 7.8% (1977) Agriculture: occupies a position of minor importance in the economy, self-sufficient in pork, poultry, and eggs, must import much of its other food requirements; major crops- rubber, copra, fruit and vegetables Fishing: catch 17,560 metric tons (1975), imports- 137,700 metric tons (1975) Major industries: petroleum refining, oil drilling equip- ment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, electronics, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services Electric power: 1,390,000 kW capacity (1977); 5 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,500 kWh per capita Exports: $8.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 40% reexports; petroleum products, rubber, manufactured goods Imports: $10.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 18% goods reexported; major retained imports-capital equipment, manufactured goods, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-Malaysia, U.S., Japan, U.K., Indonesia; imports-Japan, Malaysia, U.S., U.K. Aid: Western (except U.S.) (1970-76), $172.8 million committed; U.S. (1970-76), $1.9 million committed Budget: (FY77/78) revenues $1.4 billion, expenditures $2.2 billion, deficit $800 million; 15% military, 85% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 2.32 Singapore dollars=US$1 (February 1978) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 38 km of meter gage Highways: 2,200 km total (1976); 1,700 km paved, 500 km crushed stone or improved earth Ports: 3 major Civil air: approximately 23 major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage; 374,000 telephones (16.3 per 100 popl.); 13 AM, 4 FM, and 2 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable extends to Hong Kong via Sabah, Malaysia; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 643,000; 468,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $413.2 million; about 18.5% of central government budget SOLOMON ISLANDS .;o .ISLHIVUZ- 00 0 0 Pacific Ocean LAND About 29,785 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 5,313 km PEOPLE Population: 212,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Solomon Islander(s); adjective-Solo- mon Islander Ethnic divisions: 93.0% Melanesians, 4.0% Polynesians, 1.5% Micronesians, 0.3% Chinese, 0.8% Europeans, 0.4% others Religion: almost all at least nominally Christian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant Literacy: 60% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Solomon Islands Type: British protectorate administered as crown colony, became self-governing January 1976, slated for indepen- dence July 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PAPUA N,EW GUINEA'' Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SOLOMON ISLANDS/SOMALIA Capital: Honiara Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: a High Court Plus Magistrates Courts, also a system of native courts throughout the islands Branches: executive authority in High Commissioner; a legislative assembly of 38 members Government leaders: Governor Colin H. Allan, and Chief Minister Kenilorea Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years, latest June 1976 Political parties and leaders: no real political parties, groupings of independents Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $40 million (1973) Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas; self-sufficient in rice Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1977); 13 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $15.5 million (1975); 39% copra, 27% timber, 23% fish Imports: $29.2 million (1975) Major trade partners: exports-EEC excluding U.K. 42%, Japan 29%; imports-Australia 34%, U.K. 14%, Japan 13% (1975) Budget: (1971) revenues $9.8 million, expenditures $9.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dollar=US$1.24 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroad: none Highways: 834 km total; 241 km sealed or all-weather Inland waterways: none Ports: 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 22 total, 21 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast, no FM, and no TV stations; 10,000 radio receivers, 1,726 telephones, no TV sets; international connections with London, England, via cable broadcasts SOMALIA LAND 637,140 km2; 13% arable (0.3% cultivated), 32% grazing, 14% scrub and forest, 41 % mainly desert, urban, or other Land boundaries: 2,263 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 3,025 km PEOPLE Population: 3,388,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Somali(s); adjective-Somali Ethnic divisions: 85% Hamitic, rest mainly Bantu; 30,000 Arabs, 3,000 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: almost entirely Muslim Language: Somali (written form instituted by government in 1976); Arabic, Italian, English Literacy: under 5% Labor force: 965,000 (1968 est.); very few are skilled laborers; 70% pastoral nomads, 30% agriculturists, govern- ment employees, traders, fishermen, handicraftsmen, other Organized labor: General Federation of Somali Trade Unions, a government-controlled organization, established in 1977 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Somali Democratic Republic Type: republic Capital: Mogadiscio National holiday: 21 October Political subdivisions: 16 regions, 60 districts Organization: the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party, created on July 1, 1976, has become the new executive body in the country; party has 74-man central committee and 5-man politburo headed by President Siad Government leader: President and Prime Minister, Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre Communists: possibly some Communist sympathizers in the government hierarchy Member of: AFDB, ARAB LEAGUE, EAMA, FAO, G- 77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SOMALIA/SOUTH AFRICA ECONOMY GDP: $340 million (1975 est.), $110 per capita Agriculture: mainly a pastoral country, raising livestock; crops-bananas, sugarcane, cotton, cereals Major industries: a few small industries, including a sugar refinery, tuna and beef canneries, textiles, iron rod plant, and petroleum refining Electric power: 18,000 kW capacity (1977); 45 million kWh produced (1977), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $85 million (f.o.b., 1976); livestock, hides, skins, bananas Imports: $176 million (c.i.f., 1976); textiles, cereals, transport equipment, machinery, construction materials and equipment, petroleum products; also military materiel in 1977 Major trade partners: Arab countries and Italy; $21.4 million imports from Communist countries (1975 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 6.295 Somali shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 13,541 km total; 936 km paved, 770 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, 11,835 km improved or unimproved earth (est.) Ports: 3 major (Mogadiscio, Berbera, Chisimaio) Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 49 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph fair; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 786,000; 435,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 34,650,357; 17.3% of central government budget SOUTH AFRICA NOTE: separate data on Transkei follows last entry for South Africa LAND 1,222,480 km2 (includes enclave of Walvis Bay, 1,124 km2; and Transkei, 44,000 km2); 12% cultivable, 2% forested, 86% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 2,044 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 2,881 km, including Transkei PEOPLE Population: 27,432,000, including Bophuthatswana and Transkei (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-75 to 7-76); Bophuthatswana 1,110,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current); Transkei 2,190,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-South African(s); adjective-South African Ethnic divisions: 17.8% white, 69.9% African, 9.4% Colored, 2.9% Asian Religion: most whites and coloreds and roughly 60% of Africans are Christian; roughly 60% of Asians are Hindu, 20% are Muslim Language: Afrikaans and English official, Africans have many vernacular languages Literacy: almost all white population literate; government estimates 50% of Africans literate Labor force: 8.7 million (total of economically active, 1970); 53% agriculture, 8% manufacturing, 7% mining, 5% commerce, 27% miscellaneous services Organized labor: about 7% of total labor force is unionized (mostly white workers); relatively small African unions have no bargaining power GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of South Africa Type: republic Capital: administrative, Pretoria; legislative, Cape Town; judicial, Bloemfontein Political subdivisions: 4 provinces, each headed by centrally appointed administrator; provincial councils, elect- ed by white electorate, retain limited powers Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; constitution enacted 1961, changing the Union of South Africa into a Republic; possibility of judicial review of Acts of Parliament concerning dual official languages; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Republic Day, 31 May Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Branches: President as formal chief of state; Prime Minister as head of government; Cabinet responsible to bicameral legislature; lower house elected directly by white electorate; upper house indirectly elected and appointed; judiciary maintains substantial independence of government influence Government leader: Prime Minister Balthazar Johannes Vorster Suffrage: general suffrage limited to whites over 18 (17 in Natal Province) Elections: must be held at elections 30 November 1977 least every 5 years; last Political parties and leaders: National Party, B. J. Vorster, P. W. Botha, C. Mulder, R. F. Botha; Progessive Federal Party, Colin Eglin, Ray Swart, Helen Suzman; New Republic Party, Radclyffe Cadman; South Africa Party, Myburgh Streicher; Herstigte Nasionale Party, J. Marais Voting strength: (1977 general elections) Parliamentary seats: 134 National Party, 17 Progressive Federal Party, 10 New Republic Party, 3 South Africa Party Communists: small Communist Party illegal since 1950; party in exile maintains headquarters in London; Dr. Yasuf Dadoo, Moses Kotane, Joe Slovo Other political groups: (insurgent groups in exile) African National Congress (ANC), Oliver Tambo; Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), leadership in dispute Member of: GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, U.N., UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $38.9 billion (1977), about $1,431 per capita; real growth rate 0.5% (1977) Agriculture: main crops-corn, wool, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, citrus fruits; dairy products; self-sufficient foodstuffs Fishing: catch 1.3 million metric tons (1975) Major industries: mining, automobile assembly, metal- working, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, fishing Electric power: 15,272,800 kW capacity (1977); 87 billion kWh produced (1977), 3,205 kWh per capita Exports: $7.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977, excluding gold); wool, diamonds, corn, uranium, sugar, fruit, hides, skins, metals, metallic ores, asbestos, fish products; gold output $2.7 billion (1976) Imports: $8.7 billion (c.i.f., 1977); motor vehicles, machinery, metals, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K. and other Commonwealth nations, U.S., West Germany, Japan Aid: no military or economic aid Budget: FY79-revenue $8.8 billion, expenditures $11.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 SA Rand=US$1.15 as October 1977, 0.87 SA Rand=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 25,560 km total; 24,854 km 1.067-meter gage of which 5,292 km are multiple track; over 5,000 km electrified; 706 km 0.160-meter gage single track Highways: 209,244 km total; 57,368 km paved, 148,786 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,090 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 836 km 322 km natural gas Ports: 8 major crude oil; 1,048 km refined products; Civil air: 80 major transport aircraft Airfields: 657 total, 520 usable; 66 with permanent-sur- face runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 126 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is the best developed, most modern, and highest capacity in Africa and consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria; 2.2 million telephones (8.3 per 100 popl.); 13 AM, 84 FM, and 34 TV stations; 1 submarine cable; I satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,006,000; 3,666,000 fit for military service; obligation for service in Citizen Force or Commandos begins at 18; volunteers for service in permanent force must be 17; national service obligation is two years Military budget: for year ending 31 March 1979, $2.0 billion; 18% of central government budget Transkei NOTE: Formerly an autonomous tribal homeland in South Africa, Transkei was granted independence by South Africa on 26 October 1976, but has not been recognized by any other government or any international organization. It remains heavily dependent on South Africa for administra- tive and economic support. 186 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 SOUTH AFRICA/SPAIN Transkei People's Freedom Party, 2 Democratic Party, 2 LAND 44,000 km2 in one large and two small pieces separated New Communists: no Party Party from each other by parts of South Africa Land boundaries: 1,200 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 250 km PEOPLE Population: 2,190,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Transkeian(s); adjective-Transkeian Ethnic divisions: 98.9% African, 0.6% white, 0.5% colored (mulatto); Africans belong to Xhosa ethnic group Religion: whites and coloreds predominantly Christian; t or Christian ECONOMY GDP: estimated at $150 million, $86 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-tea, phormium tenax, small amount of coffee; food crops-corn, sorghum, dry beans; imports over half its foodstuffs from South Africa; two-thirds of Transkei devoted to grazing-1.2 million cattle, 2.5 million sheep, 1.3 million goats Major industries: forestry, textiles, tourism Exports: timber, labor to South Africa, tea, sacks Imports: foodstuffs, machines, equipment Major trade partners: South Africa Aid: South Africa, almost $500 million since Budget: $156 million (1976-77), about 70% of provided by the South African government conversion 1970 which is rate: 1 South African Rand= Africans either animas Monetary Language: whites, coloreds, and educated minority of US$1.5 lish; bulk of Africans speak En g Africans speak Afrikaans or Fiscal year: Xhosa Literacy: high for whites and coloreds; low for Africans Labor force: roughly 400,000 of whom only 50,000 are regularly employed in Transkei; bulk are migrant workers in South Africa Organized labor: no trade union, although some Trans- keians employed in South Africa belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Transkei Type: republic Capital: Umtata Political subdivisions: 28 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and African customary law; decisions of Transkei Supreme Court can be appealed to South African Supreme Court Branches: President is formal chief of state; Prime Minister is head of government; Cabinet responsible to National Assembly, which has 75 seats for hereditary tribal chiefs and 75 seats for popularly elected members Government leader: Prime Minister Kaiser Matanzima Suffrage: Transkeian citizens over 21 years of age Elections: must be held at least every 5 years; last general election October 1976 Political parties and leaders: Transkei National Inde- pendence Party, Chief Kaiser Matanzima; Transkei People's Freedom Party, Cromwell Diko; Democratic Party, Hector Ncokazi; New Democratic Party, Knowledge Guzana Voting strength: (1976 general election) National Assem- bly seats; 142 Transkei National Independence Party, 4 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: less than 160 km Highways: 725 km paved, 7,768 km unpaved Ports: none; Transkei dependent on the South African port of East London DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 215,000 Personnel: 254 army (including 7 officers) Major ground units: 1 infantry battalion SPAIN LAND 505,050 km2, including Canary (7,511 km2) and Balearic Islands (5,025 km2); 41% arable and land under permanent crops, 27% meadow and pasture, 22% forest, 10% urban or other Land boundaries: 1,899 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4,964 km (includes Balearic Islands, 677 km, and Canary Islands, 1,158 km) PEOPLE Population: 36,734,000, including the Balearic and Canary Islands; also including Alhucemas, Ceuta, Chafar- inas, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Spaniard(s); adjective-Spanish Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Ethnic divisions: homogeneous composite of Mediterra- nean and Nordic types Religion: 99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects Language: Castilian Spanish spoken by great majority; but 17% speak Catalan, 7% Galician, and 2% Basque Literacy: about 97% Labor force (1975): 13.3 million; 22% agriculture, 38% industry, 40% services; unemployment now estimated at 8% of labor force Organized labor: labor unions legalized April 1977 experiencing surge in membership; probably represent about 20% of the labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Spanish State Type: a monarchy in the process of replacing the authoritarian regime of the late Generalissimo Franco with a modified Western-style parliamentary system; Juan Carlos proclaimed King, on November 22, 1975 Capital: Madrid Political subdivisions: metropolitan Spain, including the Canaries and Balearics, divided into 50 provinces with governors appointed by the central government; also 5 places of sovereignty (presidios) on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco; transferred administration of Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania on February 26, 1976 Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications of customary law; the 7 basic laws of the Franco era constitution were greatly modified by the constitutional law for political reform of December 1976 providing for a freely-elected parliament to draw up a new constitution; judges decide cases, no jury system; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 12 October Branches: executive, with King's acts subject to counter- signature, Prime Minister appointed for 5-year term by the King from 3 names submitted by King's advisory Council of the Realm, may be removed by the King with consent of the Council; not legally responsible to the parliament; legislative with new bicameral Cortes elected on June 15, 1977 likely to adjust the executive-legislative relationship through its consituent power; the more powerful Chamber has 350 members chosen by proportional representation, and the Senate has 248 members (207 directly elected and 41 appointed by the King); judicial, independent in principle but generally limited to interpretation of laws Government leaders: King Juan Carlos I-Chief of State, and Commander in Chief of the armed forces; and Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez Gonzalez Suffrage: universal in national referendums, over age 21 and in parliamentary elections, beginning in June 1977 Elections: free parliamentary elections in June 1977 for 4- year term; postponed local elections likely to be delayed until fall 1978 or early 1979 Political parties and leaders: Under the revised law on political parties of February 1977 over 150 parties were legalized by the time of the parliamentary election in June and others have been approved after the election. Most of the prominent semiclandestine parties of the Franco era have been legalized, including the Spanish Communist Party (PCE). Franco's National Movement was dissolved in April. In view of the multiplicity of parties, a number of electoral coalitions were formed. The principal national coalitions and parties from right to left are: the Popular Alliance (AP)-the conservative coalition led by ex-minister Fraga and including 6 other former ministers under Franco, the major rightist group-made a poor showing in the parliamentary election. The Union of the Democratic Center (UCD)-a centrist coalition of 15 reform-minded parties backing Prime Minister Suarez-includes ex-minis- ters Calvo-Sotelo and Cabanillas, Social Democrat Fernan- dez-Ordonez, Liberal Democrat Garrigues Walker, and Christian Democrat Alvarez de Miranda. Suarez formally forged the coalition into a single party on 4 August 1977 but continues to have problems getting the disparate groups to pull together. The Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), led by Felipe Gonzalez, is the major party of the democratic left. A much smaller contender, the Popular Socialist Party of Enrique Tierno Galvan merged with the PSOE in May 1978. The Spanish Communist Party (PCE), led by Santiago Carrillo, and its several regional branches espouse Eurocom- munism. There are also several Basque and Catalan regional parties of mixed orientation which are united by their goal of greater regional autonomy. Voting strength: (1977 parliamentary election) UCD polled 34% of votes and received 165 chamber seats (47.1%), 11 seats short of a majority; the PSOE polled 28.5% and received 118 seats (34%); the PCE polled 9.2% and received 20 seats (5.7%); the AP polled 8.2% and received 16 seats; the PSP polled 4.3% and received 6 seats; the various Basque and Catalan regional parties received 20 seats. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 SPAIN/SRI LANKA Communists: PCE claims to have 200,000 members, but this figure is difficult to verify; the PCE's greatest strength is in labor where it dominates the country's strongest trade union, the Workers Commissions, which has a membership estimated around 1 million. Other political or pressure groups: on the extreme left, the illegal Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the Anti-Fascist and Patriotic Revolutionary Front (FRAP) use terrorism to oppose the government; on the extreme right, the Guerrillas of Christ the King carry out vigilante attacks on ETA members and other leftists; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977) include the Communist-domi- nated Workers Commissions; the Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the independent Workers Syndical Union (USO); the Catholic Church; business and land owning interests; Opus Dei; Catholic Action; university students Member of: ASSIMER, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG; applied for full membership in the EC 28 July 1977; invited to join Council of Europe 18 October 1977 ECONOMY GNP: $104.2 billion (1976), $2,896 per capita; 69.9% private consumption, 10.3% public consu 4 Son,fo .1% gross bal- fixed investment, 1.5% stockbuilding; ance (1976); real growth rate 1.8% (1976); typical growth rate 6.5% Agriculture: main crops-cereals, oranges, grapes for wine, potatoes, olives, sugar beets; virtually self-sufficient in good crop years; caloric intake, 2,750 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: landed 1.52 million metric tons valued at $1,152 million in 1976 Major industries: food processing, textiles and apparel (including footwear), metal manufacturing, chemicals, ship- building, automobiles Shortages: crude petroleum Crude steel: 10.9 million metric tons produced (1976), 300 kg per capita Electric power: 29,100,000 kW capacity (1977); 92.9 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,545 kWh per capita Exports: $10,208 million (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- iron and steel products, textiles, d other fruits , oranges an wines, mercury, ships, canned fruits, vegetables, and footwear Major trade partners: (1976) 32.1% EC, 10.5% U.S. and Canada, 16.7% rest of OECD, 81% Latin America, 2.9% CEMA Aid: economic authorizations-U.S., $1,236 million autho- rized (FY70-76); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $448 million (1970-76); military authorizations-U.S., $238 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1977 central government)-budgeted revenues $12,726 billion, budgeted expenditures $12,726 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 peseta=US$0.0132 (1977 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 15,975 km total; Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 13,509 km 1.668-meter gage, 4,328 km electrified and 2,162 km double track; FEVE (government- owned narrow gage railways) operates 1,676 km, of predominantly meter gage (1.000 m) and 310 km electrified; eter a (1.0 m), 245 km operate electrified and 56 km double meter gage ge (1.000 0 m), track Highways: 139,350 km total; 78,585 national-6,810 km bituminous, concrete, stone block; 56,650 bituminous treated; 15,125 km crushed stone; the remaining 60,765 km are classified as provincial or local roads Inland waterways: 1,045 km; of minor importance as transport arteries and contribute little to economy Pipelines: 386 km crude oil; 1,030 km refined products; 98 km natural gas Ports: 23 major, 150 minor Civil air: 178 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in) Airfields (including Balearic and Canary Islands): 94 total, 86 usable; 51 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,660 m, 19 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 34 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: generally adequate, modern facili- ties; 8.6 million telephones (23.9 per 100 popl.); 180 AM, 250 FM, and 791 TV stations; 14 coaxial submarine cables; 4 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,799,000; 6,768,000 fit for military service; 301,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $4,117.9 million; about 22% of the proposed central government budget Imports: $17,779 million (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- LAND uipment petroleum and 65,500 km2; e t SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) 25% cultivated; 44% forested; 31% waste, q ion machinery and transporta petroleum products, grains, cotton, iron and steel urban, and other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm, plus pearling in the Gulf of Mannar); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,340 km PEOPLE Population: 14,283,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Sri Lankan(s); adjective-Sri Lankan Ethnic divisions: 71% Sinhalese, 21% Tamil, 6% Moor, 2% other Religion: 64% Buddhist, 20% Hindu, 9% Christian, 6% Muslim, 1% other Language: Sinhala official, spoken by about 70% of population; Tamil spoken by about 22%; English commonly used in government and spoken by about 10% of the population Literacy: 82% (1970 est.) Labor force: 4 million; 17% unemployed; employed persons-53.4% agriculture, 14.8% mining and manufactur- ing, 12.4% trade and transport, 19.4% services and other; extensive underemployment Organized labor: 43% of labor force, over 50% of which employed on tea, rubber, and coconut estates GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Sri Lanka Type: independent state since 1948 Capital: Colombo Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 22 administrative districts, and four categories of semiautonomous elected local governments Legal system: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim and customary law; new constitution 22 May 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Sri Lanka Law College and University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 May Branches: A constitutional amendment promulgated on I January 1978 established a strong presidential form of government under J. R. Jayewardene, who became Prime Minister following his party's election victory in July 1977. Jayewardene will remain president until 1983, regardless of whether parliament is dissolved and subsequent parliamen- tary elections are held. When his term in office expires, a new president will be chosen by a direct national election for a six year term. Government leader: President J. R. Jayewardene Suffrage: universal over age 18, but most Indian Tamils, who comprise 10.6% of population, are not enfranchised Elections: national elections, ordinarily held every 6 years; must be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; last election held July 1977 Political parties and leaders: Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, President; Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Trotskyite), N. M. Perera, President; Tamil United Liberation Front, A. Amirthalingam leader; United National Party, J. R. Jayewardene; Communist Party/Moscow, Pieter Keuneman, General Secretary; Com- munist Party/Peking, N. Shanmugathasan, General Secre- tary; Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front), M. B. Ratnayaka, President Voting strength (1977 election): 30% Sri Lanka Freedom Party, 51 % United National Party, 3.9% Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 1.8% Communist Party/Moscow, 6.5% TULF minor parties and independents accounted for remainder Communists: approximately 107,000 voted for the Communist Party in the July 1977 general election; Communist Party/Moscow approximately 5,000 members (1975), Communist Party/Peking 1,000 members (1970 est.) Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups; far-left violent revolutionary groups; labor unions Member of: ADB, ANRPC, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.1 billion in 1976 (1976 Prices), $200 per capita; real growth rate 4.4% (1977), 3.0% (1976) Agriculture: agriculture accounts for about 37% of GNP; main crops-rice, rubber, tea, coconuts; 60% self-sufficient in food; food shortages-rice, wheat, sugar Fishing: catch 136,844 metric tons (1976) Major industries: Processing of rubber, tea, and other agricultural commodities; consumer goods manufacture Electric power: 430,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 100 kWh per capita Exports: $781 million (1977); tea, rubber, coconut products Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Imports: $768 million (1977); food, petroleum, fertilizer Major trade partners: (1976) exports-10.0% China, 9.7% U.K.; imports-12.7% Saudi Arabia, 10.6% Iran Budget: 1977 est. revenue $607 million, expenditure $829 million Monetary conversion rate: 16 rupees=US$l (November 1977) Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December (starting 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,535 km total; 1,395 km 1.676-meter gage, 140 km 0.762-meter gage; 102 km double track; no electrification; government owned Highways: 52,200 km total (1975); 24,300 km paved (mostly bituminous treated), 18,800 km crushed stone or gravel, 9,400 km improved earth or unimproved earth; in addition several thousand km of tracks, mostly unmotorable Inland waterways: 430 km; navigable by shallow-draft craft Ports: 3 major, 9 minor Civil air: 8 major transport (including 1 leased) Airfields: 14 total, 12 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good international service; 75,000 (est.) telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 530,000 radio sets, 500 TV sets; 14 AM stations, 2 FM stations, and 1 TV station; submarine cables extend to India; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,477,000; 2,619,000 fit for military service; 158,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $24.7 million, 2% of central government budget SUDAN LAND 2,504,530 km2; 37% arable (3% cultivated), 15% grazing, 33% desert, waste, or urban, 15% forest Land boundaries: 7,805 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 853 km PEOPLE Population: 17,624,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Sudanese (sing. and pl.); adjective- Sudanese Ethnic divisions: 39% Arab, 6% Bela, 52% Negro, 2% foreigners, 1% other Religion: 73% Sunni Muslims in north, 23% pagan, 4% Christian (mostly in south) Language: Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in process Literacy: 5% to 10% Labor force: 5.8 million; 85% agriculture, 15% industry, commerce, services, etc.; labor shortages exist for almost all categories of employment GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of the Sudan Type: republic under military control since coup in May 1969 Capital: Khartoum Political subdivisions: 18 provinces, provincial and local administrations controlled by central government; limited regional autonomy in 6 southern provinces Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; some separate religious courts; permanent constitution promulgated April 1973; legal education at University of Khartoum and Khartoum extension of Cairo University at Khartoum; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January Government leader: President Ja'far al-Numayri Suffrage: universal adult Elections: elections for National People's Assembly and Southern Regional People's Assembly held in February 1978; most recent Presidential election held April 1977 with Numayri as sole candidate Political parties and leaders: all parliamentary political parties outlawed since May 1969; the ban on the Sudan Communist Party was not enforced until after abortive coup in July 1971; the government's mass political organization, the Sudan Socialist Union, was formed in January 1972 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Communists: party decimated following July 1971 coup and counter-coup, several top leaders executed; actual hard-core membership down to lowest point in years; party control over labor unions, professional groups and university student groups ended; Communists purged from govern- ment; party is being reorganized underground under leadership of Secretary-General Muhammad Nujud, 3,500 CP members Other political or pressure groups: Muslim Brotherhood; Ansar Muslim sect, at odds with the military regime since the May coup, are being reintegrated into national political life; members of opposition National Front, composed of former political party elements and other disgruntled conservative interests, agreed to disband and join national reconciliation efforts in April 1978 Member of: AFDB, APC, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UP!J, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.9 billion at current prices (1976), $265 per capita at current prices; 4%-5% growth rate (1977) Agriculture: main crops-sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans, barley; not self-sufficient in food production; main cash crops-cotton, gum arabic, peanuts, sesame Major industries: cotton ginning, textiles, brewery, cement, edible oils, soap, distilling, shoes, pharmaceuticals Electric power: 231,800 kW capacity (1977); 672 million kWh produced (1977), 40 kWh per capita Exports: $554 million (f.o.b., 1976); cotton (51%), gum arabic, peanuts, sesame; $57.5 million exports to Communist countries (FY76) Imports: $979 million (c.i.f., 1976); textiles, petroleum products, vehicles, tea, wheat; $75 million imports from Communist countries (FY76) Major trade partners: U.K., West Germany, Italy, India, Ch ina, France, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 Sudanese (official); 0.348 Sudanese pound=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,470 km total; 4,754 km 1.067-meter gage, 716 k m 1.6096-meter gage plantation line Highways: 10,550 km total; 600 km bituminous-treated, 800 km crushed stone or gravel, and 9,150 km improved and unimproved earth roads; in addition, there are an undeter- mined number of tracks Inland waterways: 5,310 km navigable Pipelines: refined products, 800 km Ports: 1 major (Port Sudan) Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 75 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 31 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: large system by African standards, but barely adequate; consists of radio relay, cables, radiocommunications, and troposcatter; domestic satellite system with 14 stations under construction; centers are Khartoum, Al Fashir, Port Sudan; 56,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, no FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 submarine cable; I Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,189,000; 2,567,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 201,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending $237,000,000; 11% of central government SURINAM 30 June 1978, budget LAND 142,709 km2; negligible amount of arable land, meadows and pastures, 76% forest, 8% unused but potentially productive, 16% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 1,561 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing nm) Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 385,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.5% (1-63 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Surinamer(s); adjective-Surinamese Ethnic divisions: 31% Creole (Negro and mixed), 37% Hindustani (East Indian), 15.3% Javanese, 10.3% Bush Negro, 2.6% Amerindian, 1.7% Chinese, 1.0% Europeans, 1.7% other and unknown Religion: Hindu, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Moravian, other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Language: Dutch official; English widely spoken; Sranan Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki) is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population, and is lingua franca among others; Hindi; Javanese Literacy: 80% Labor force: 118,000 Organized labor: approx. 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Surinam Type: Parliamentary Democracy Capital: Paramaribo Political subdivisions: 9 districts, each headed by District Commissioner responsible to Minister of District government and Decentralization except for Paramaribo, whose commis- sioner is responsible to Minister of Home Affairs Legal system: Dutch civil law system; constitution adopted November 1975 National holiday: Independence Day, 25 November Branches: President (Chief of State) elected by Parlia- ment for five-year term; Council of Ministers headed by a Prime Minister constitutes the Cabinet; 39-member Parlia- ment popularly elected for 4-year term; court system administered by Attorney-General under Minister of Justice and Police Government leaders: President, Johan H. E. Ferrier; Prime Minister, Henck A. E. Arron Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: every 4 years or earlier upon request of Prime Minister; latest held October 1977 won by National Party Combination (NPK), a creole-based election coalition in which the National Party of Surinam (NPS) is the largest party Political parties and leaders: National Party of Surinam (NPS), Henck A. E. Arron; Nationalist Republic Party (PNR), Edward Bruma (principal leftist party); Progressive Reform Party (VHP), J. Lachmon; Pendawa Lima, S. Somohardjo; Javanese Farmers' Party (KTPI), Willy Soe- mita; Progressive Surinam People's Party (PSV), Emile Wiintuin; Reformed Progressive Party (HPP), Pannalal Parmessar Voting strength (1977): NPK 22 seats, Opposition United Democratic Parties Combination (VDP) 17 seats Communists: (all small groups) Democratic Peoples Front, Communist Party of Surinam (KPS) Member of: EC (associate), ECLA, IBA, ILO, ITU, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $503 million (1976 est.); $1,140 per capita; real growth rate 1976, 0.3% Agriculture: main crops-rice, sugarcane, bananas; self- sufficient in major staple (rice); caloric intake 2,350 calories per day per capita (1968) Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing Electric power: 189,000 kW capacity (1977); 1 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,330 kWh per capita Exports: $151 million (f.o.b., 1976 est.); bauxite, alumina, aluminum, wood and wood products, rice Imports: $120 million (c.i.f., 1976 est.); capital equip- ment, petroleum, iron and steel, cotton, flour, meat, dairy products Major trade partners: exports-35% U.S., 34% EC, 18% other European countries; imports-34% U.S., 38% EC, 13% Caribbean countries, 18% Europe (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY54-76), $1.0 million in loans, $4.8 million in grants; from Netherlands, EC, UNDP (1964-74), $180 million; planned from Nether- lands (1976-85), $1.5 billion Budget: revenue, $352 million; expenditure, $367 million (1978 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Surinam guilder (S. fl.)=US$0.565 (September 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 166 km total; 86 km meter gage (1.00 m) (government-owned) and 80 km narrow gage (industrial lines); all single track Highways: 2,500 km total; 500 km paved, 200 km gravel, 600 km improved earth, 1,200 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 4,500 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging from 4.2 m to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways while native canoes navigate upper reaches Ports: 1 major (Paramaribo), 6 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 30 total, 29 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international facilities good; do- mestic radio-relay system; 18,600 telephones (4.9 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station with 4 relay transmitters DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 102,000; 60,000 fit for military service SWAZILAND LAND 17,364 km2; most of area suitable for crops or pastureland Land boundaries: 435 km PEOPLE Population: 526,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.8% (5-66 to 8-76) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Nationality: noun-Swazi(s); adjective-Swazi Ethnic divisions: 96% African, 3% European, I% mulatto Religion: 43% animist, 57% Christian Language: English and siSwati are official government business conducted in English Literacy: about 25% Labor force: 120,000; about 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture; 55,000-60,000 wage earners, many only inter- mittently, with 31% agriculture, 11% government, 11% manufacturing, 12% mining and forestry, 35% other (1968 est.); 22,000 employed in South African mines (1976) Organized labor: about 15% of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Swaziland Type: monarchy, under King Sobhuza II; independent member of Commonwealth since September 1968 Capital: Mbabane (administrative) Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 September Branches: in April 1973 King abolished the constitution, dismissed parliament, and assumed personal rule; he has ruled under a King-in-Council arrangement with the cabinet being retained as an advisory council; a constitutional commission submitted recommendations in June 1975, but King has not authorized further action toward a new constitution Government leaders: Head of State King Sobhuza II; Prime Minister Maphevu Dlamini Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: first elections for Legislative Council held in June 1964; latest for House of Assembly in May 1972 Political parties and leaders: Imbokodvo, the traditional- ist party, controlled by King Sobhuza II; the opposition Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC), led by Dr. Ambrose Zwane, has been dissolved Voting strength: in 1972 elections, Imbokodvo won 21 seats, NNLC won 3 seats in the House of Assembly Communists: no Communist Party Member of: AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: approximately $224 million (FY74), about $470 per capita; growth rate in current prices as much as 11% (FY71-74) Agriculture: main crops-maize, cotton, rice, sugar, and citrus fruits Major industry: mining Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 130 million kWh produced (1977), 250 kWh per capita Exports: $191 million (f.o.b., 1976); sugar, iron ore, asbestos, wood and forest products, citrus, meat products, cotton Imports: $200 million (f.o.b., 1976); motor vehicles, petroleum products, foodstuffs, and clothing Major trade partners: South Africa, U.K., U.S. Aid: economic-U.K. $14.7 million (budgeted, 1971-73), U.S. $10.9 million (FY61-76), others approximately $1.3 million; no military aid Budget: FY77-revenue $86 million, recurrent expendi- ture $47 million, development expenditure $39 million Monetary conversion rate: I Lilangeni=US$1.15 (as of March 1978) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 222 km 1.067-meter gage, single track Highways: 2,653 km total; 224 km paved, 1,114 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, and 1,315 km improved earth Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 31 total, 23 usable; 1 with runway 2,439 in Telecommunications: system consists of a few wire lines and low-powered radiocommunication stations; Mbabane is the center; 8,200 telephones (1.6 per 100 popl.); I AM, 2 FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 117,000; 69,000 fit for military service 194 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 LAND 448,070 kml; 8% arable, 1% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 36% other Land boundaries: 2,196 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,218 km PEOPLE Population: 8,273,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Swede(s); adjective-Swedish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority Religion: 92% Evangelical Lutheran, 7% other Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 1% other Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 4.2 million; 6.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 29.2% mining and manufacturing; 7.2% construc- tion; 13.6% commerce; 6.5% transportation and communica- tions; 29.8% services including government; 5% banking; 75,000 or 1.8% unemployed (average annual 1977) Organized labor: 80% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Stockholm Political subdivisions: 24 provinces, 624 communes, 224 towns Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; Acts of 1809, 1810, 1866, and 1949 serve as constitution; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reser- vations National holiday: Birthday of the King, 30 April Branches: legislative authority rests with parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts Government leaders: King Carl XVI Gustaf; Prime Minister Thorbjorn Falldin Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: every 3 years (next in September 1979) Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (con- servative), Gosta Bohman; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; Liberal, Ola Ullsten; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Left Party Communist, Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party, Roland Petersson; Swedish Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel; Communist League of Marxist Leninists-Revolutionary (KFML-R), Frank Baude Voting strength (1976 election): 15.6% Moderate Coali- tion, 24.1% Center, 11.0% Liberal, 42.9% Social Democratic, 4.7% Communist, 1.7% other Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 257,967 Communist votes cast in 1973 elections; an additional 17,274 votes cast for Maoist KFML Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $78.5 billion, $9,000 per capita (1977); 53.8% consumption, 20.3% investment, 28.7% government; -0.4% inventory change; -2.4% net imports of goods and services; 1977 growth rate -2.5% in constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products accounting for 40% of farm income; main crops-grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 80% self-suffi- cient; food shortages-oils and fats, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,903 calories per day per capita (1975) Fishing: catch 193,300 metric tons (1976), exports $28 million, imports $139 million Major industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), shipbuild- ing, wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, textiles, chemicals Shortages: coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt Crude steel: 5.1 million metric tons produced (1976), 625 kg per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Electric power: 25,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 87.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 10,600 kWh per capita Exports: $18,839 million (f.o.b., 1977); machinery, motor vehicles and ships, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals Imports: $20,022 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live animals Major trade partners: (1976) 15% West Germany, 12% U.K., 6% U.S., 9% Norway, 8% Denmark; 49% EC-9; 6% U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe Aid: donor: economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $1,978 million (1970-76) Budget: 1976-revenues $22.5 billion, expenditures $23.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.48 kroner=US$1 average exchange rate 1977 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 12,220 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)- 11,179 km standard gage (1.435 m), 6,959 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gage; 159 km rail ferry service; privately-owned railways-511 km stand- ard gage (1.435 m), 332 km electrified; 189 km 0.891-meter gage electrified Highways: 97,400 km total; 51,899 km bitumen, concrete; 20,659 km bituminous treated, gravel, improved earth; 24,842 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges Ports: 17 major, and 30 minor Civil air: 63 major transports (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 243 total, 236 usable; 131 with permanent-sur- face runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and interna- tional facilities; 5.67 million telephones (68.9 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 91 FM, and 240 TV stations; 10 submarine cables, including 4 coaxial; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,881,000; 1,670,000 fit for military service; 55,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $2.91 billion; about 9% of central government budget LAND 41,440 kmz; 10% arable, 43% meadows and pastures, 20% waste or urban, 24% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 1,884 km PEOPLE Population: 6,293,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate -0.1% (1-73 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Swiss (sing. & pl.); adjective-Swiss Ethnic divisions: total population-69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Religion: 53% Protestant, 46% Roman Catholic Language: Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; total population-69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Literacy: 98% Labor force: 3.0 million, about one-fifth foreign workers, mostly Italian; 16% agriculture and forestry, 47% industry and crafts, 20% trade and transportation, 5% professions, 2% in public service, 10% domestic and other; approximately 0.4% unemployed in August 1975 Organized labor: 20% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Swiss Confederation Type: federal republic Capital: Bern Political subdivisions: 22 cantons (3 divided into half cantons); a local referendum held in Bern Canton in 1975 indicated that three districts wished to form a separate canton for a portion of the French-speaking Jura region Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; constitution adopted 1874, amended since; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to Federal decrees of general obligatory character; legal education at Universities of Bern, Geneva and Lausanne, and four other university schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: 1 August 196 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Branches: bicameral parliament has legislative authority; federal council (Bundesrat) has executive authority; justice left chiefly to cantons Government leader: Kurt Furgler (1-year term as President began on January 1977), President Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years; next elections 1978 Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (SPS), Arthur Schmid, president; Radical Democratic Party (FDP), Henri Schmitt, president; Christian Conservative People's Party (CVP), Franz Josef Kurmann, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Hans Conzett, president; Communist Party (PdA), Jean Vincent, leading Secretariat member; National Action Party (N.A.), James Schwarzenbach Voting strength (1975 election): 22.2% FDP, 20.6% CVP, 25.4% SPS, 10.2% BGB, 2.2% PdA, 2.5% N.A., 3.0% Rep, 6.2% LdU, 2.3% Lidus, 2.0% EvP, 1.3% POSH, 2.2% other Communists: less than 60,000 votes in 1975 election Other parties: Landesring (LdU); Republican Movement (Rep); Liberal Democratic Union (Lidus); Evangelical Party (EvP); Maoist Party (POSH/PSA) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ELDO (observer), ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, IEA, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N. (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $63.71 billion provisional (1977 at 1977 prices), $10,097 per capita; 60.2% consumption, 20.3% investment, 12.8% government, net foreign balance 6.7% (1977); 1970-76 average growth rate 1.3%, constant prices Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient; food shortages-fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat; caloric intake, 3,190 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments Shortages: practically all important raw materials except hydroelectric energy Electric power: 12,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 46 billion kWh produced (1977), 7,290 kWh per capita Exports: $17.57 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- machinery and equipment, chemicals, precision instruments, metal products, textiles, foodstuffs Imports: $17.93 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- machinery and transportation equipment, metals and metal products, foodstuffs, chemicals, textile fibers and yarns Major trade partners: 56% EC (22% West Germany, 11% France, 9% Italy, 7% U.K.); 9% EFTA (5% Austria); 7% U.S.; 5% Communist countries (1977) Aid: donor: bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $321 million (1970-76) Budget: receipts, $5,842 million, expenditures, $6,454 million, deficit, $612 million (1977) Monetary conversion rate: 2.4035 Swiss francs=US$1 (average 1977, floating) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,098 km total; 2,895 km government-owned (SBB), 2,822 km standard gage (1.435 m); 73 km narrow gage (1.00 m); 1,339 km double track, 99% electrified; 2,203 km non-government owned, 710 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,418 km meter-gage (1.00 m), 75 km 0.790-me- ter gage, 100% electrified Highways: 62,145 km, all paved Pipelines: 314 km crude oil; 1,046 km natural gas Inland waterways: 65 km; Rhine River-Basel to Rhein- felden, Schaffhausen to Constanz; in addition, there are 12 navigable lakes ranging in size from Lake Geneva to Hallwilersee Ports: 1 major (Basel), 2 minor Civil air: 88 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 79 total, 72 usable; 40 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic, international, and broadcast services; 4.02 million telephones (63.8 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, 94 FM, and 350 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,518,000; 1,315,000 fit for military service; 48,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $1,141 million; 18% of central government budget LAND 186,480 km2 (including 1,295 km2 of Israeli-occupied territory); 48% arable, 29% grazing, 2% forest, 21% desert Land boundaries: 2,196 km (1967) (excluding occupied area 2,156 km) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 193 km PEOPLE Population: 8,124,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Syrian(s); adjective-Syrian Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Ethnic divisions: 90.3% Arab; 9.7% Kurds, Armenians, and other Religion: 70.5% Sunni Muslim, 16.3% other Muslim sects, 13.2% Christians of various sects Language: Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian; French and English widely understood Literacy: about 40% Labor force: 2 million; 50% agriculture, 19% industry (including construction), 31% miscellaneous services; major- ity unskilled; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Syrian Arab Republic Type: republic; under left-wing military regime since March 1963 Capital: Damascus Political subdivisions: 13 provinces and city of Damascus administered as separate unit Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; constitution promulgated in 1973; legal education at Damascus University and University of Aleppo; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 17 April Branches: executive powers vested in President and Council of Ministers; legislative power rests in the People's Assembly; seat of power is the Ba'th Party Regional (Syrian) Command Government leader: President Hafiz Al-Asad Suffrage: universal at age 18 Elections: People's Assembly election August 1977; Presidential election February 1978 Political parties and leaders: ruling party is the Arab Socialist Resurrectionist (Ba'th) Party; the "national front" cabinet is dominated by Ba'thists, but includes independents and members of the Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), Arab Socialist Union (ASU), and Syrian Communist Party (SCP) Communists: mostly sympathizers, numbering about 5,000 Other political or pressure groups: non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence; Communist Party ineffective; greatest threat to Ba'thist regime lies in factionalism in Ba'th Party itself; conservative religious leaders Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $5.9 billion (1976), $775 per capita; real GDP growth rate 8%, 1976 Agriculture: main crops-cotton, wheat, barley and tobacco; sheep and goat raising; self-sufficient in most foods in years of good weather Major industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco; petroleum (est. 180,000 b/d production, 117,000 b/d refining capacity) Electric power: 1,374,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 210 kWh per capita Exports: $1.1 billion projected (f.o.b., 1976); petroleum, textiles and textile products, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, cotton Imports: $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and metal products, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-Italy, West Germany, U.S.S.R., Yugoslovia; imports-Switzerland, West Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia Budget: 1978 official plan-revenues $4.6 billion (includ- ing Arab aid payments), expenditures $4.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.95 Syrian pounds=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,543 km total; 1,281 km standard gage, 262 km narrow gage (1.050 m) Highways: 11,500 km total; 6,930 km paved, 1,300 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,470 km improved earth, 800 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 672 km; of little importance Pipelines: 1,304 km crude oil; 515 km refined products Ports: 3 major (Tartus, Latakia, Baniyas), 2 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 40 total, 34 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 177,000 telephones (2.2 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM and 5 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,824,000; 1,021,000 fit for military service; about 96,000 reach military age (19) annually 198 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 TANZANIA letlisn TANZANIA Ocean Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, customary law, and German civil law system; permanent constitution adopted 1977, replaced interim constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Dar es Salaam; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: "Union Day," 26 April Branches: President Julius Nyerere has full executive authority on the mainland; National Assembly dominated by Nyerere and the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party); National Assembly consists of 233 members, 72 from Zanzibar, of which 10 are directly elected, 65 appointed from the mainland, plus 96 directly elected from the mainland; new constitution calls for popular election of some members from Zanzibar; Vice President Aboud Jumbe (President of Zanzibar) and the Revolutionary Council still run Zanzibar despite the .efforts of Nyerere to integrate the islands into the political system of the mainland Government leader: President Julius Nyerere Suffrage: universal adult Political party and leaders: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party), only political party, dominated by Nyerere and Vice President Jumbe, his top lieutenant; party was formed in 1977 as a result of the union of the Tanganyika African National Union, the sole mainland party, and the Afro-Shirazi Party, the only party in Zanzibar; party union was part of effort by Nyerere to integrate Zanzibar and mainland Voting strength (October 1975 national elections): over 5 million registered voters; Nyerere received 95% of about 4 million votes cast; general parliamentary elections scheduled for Fall of 1980 Communists: a few Communist sympathizers, especially on Zanzibar Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO (See reference map VQ LAND 939,652 km2 (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, 2,642 km2); 6% inland water, 15% cultivated, 31% grassland, 48% bush forest, woodland; on mainland, 60% arable, of which 40% cultivated on islands of Zanzibar and Pemba Land boundaries: 3,883 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 1,424 km (this includes 113 km Mafia Island; 177 km Pemba Island; and 212 km Zanzibar) PEOPLE Population: 16,838,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Tanzanian(s); adjective-Tanzanian Ethnic divisions: 99% native Africans consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1% Asian, European, and Arab Religion: Tanganyika-40% Animist, 30% Christian, 30% Muslim; Zanzibar-almost all Muslim Language: Swahili and English official, English primary language of commerce, administration and higher education; Swahili widely understood and generally used for communi- cation between ethnic groups; first language of most people is one of the local languages Literacy: 15%-20% Labor force: under 400,000 in paid employment, over 90% in agriculture Organized labor: 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Tanzania Type: republic; single party on the mainland and on Zanzibar Capital: Dar es Salaam Political subdivisions: 25 regions-20 on mainland, 5 on Zanzibar islands ECONOMY Mainland: GDP: $2.4 billion (1976), about $150 per capita; real growth rate, 4% (1970-75) Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, sisal on mainland Fishing: catch 180,746 metric tons (1975); exports valued at $638,000, imports $1.1 million (1975) Major industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products Electric power: 365,000 kW capacity (1977); 1,278 million kWh produced (1977), 80 kWh per capita Exports: $468 million (f.o.b., 1977 projected); coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, diamonds, cloves, tobacco, tea Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Imports: $795.6 million (c.i.f., 1977 projected); manufac- tured goods, machinery and transport equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-China, U.K., Hong Kong, India, U.S.; imports-U.K., China, West Germany, U.S., Japan Aid: about $160 million in aid was committed in 1976 from EC, China, IMF, U.S.; China has extended $362 million in aid since 1964, primarily for Tan-Zam Railway Budget: (1977 est.) receipts including grants, $655 million, expenditures, $833 million Monetary conversion rate: 8.4 Tanzanian shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Zanzibar: GNP: $35 million (1967) Agriculture: main crops-cloves, coconuts Industries: agricultural processing Electric power: see Tanzania (above) Exports: $12.6 million (1968); cloves and clove products, coconut products Imports: $5.6 million (1968); mainly foodstuffs and consumer goods Major trade partners: imports-China, Japan, and mainland Tanzania; exports-Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Pakistan Aid: U.K. principal source of aid until 1964; U.S. $86 million FY58-73; China is currently major source Exchange rate: 8.4 Tanzanian shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067-meter gage; 2,595 km meter gage (1.00 m), 6.4 km double track; 962 km Tan-Zam Railroad 1.067-meter gage in Tanzania Highways: total 17,010 km, 2,581 km paved; 5,529 km gravel or crushed stone; 8,900 km improved earth Pipelines: 982 km crude oil Inland waterways: 1,168 km of navigable streams; several thousand km navigable on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Malawi Ports: 3 major (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga) Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 103 total, 97 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 41 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, micro- wave, and troposcatter; 68,400 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, no FM, 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,659,000; 2,097,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $141.3 million; 17% of central government budget THAILAND LAND 512,820 km2; 24% in farms, 56% forested, 20% other Land boundaries: 4,868 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 3,219 km PEOPLE Population: 45,850,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Thai (sing. & pl.); adjective-Thai Ethnic divisions: 75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% minorities Religion: 95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% Christian Language: Thai; English secondary language of elite Literacy: 70% Labor force: 78% agriculture, 15% services, 7% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Thailand Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Bangkok Political subdivisions: 71 centrally controlled provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with influences of common law; new constitution being drafted; legal education at Thammasat University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Day, 5 December Branches: King is head of state with nominal powers; civilian government suspended on 20 October 1977; military staffed Revolutionary Party governing in interim pending drafting of new constitution; judiciary relatively indepen- dent except in important political subversive cases Government leaders: King Phumiphon Adundet, Prime Minister General Kriangsak Chamanan Elections: suspended 200 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 THAILAND/TOGO Political parties: suspended Communists: strength of illegal Communist Party is about 1,200; Thai Communist insurgents throughout Thailand total about 9,400 Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, SEAMES, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $18.2 billion (1977), $406 per capita; growth in 1977 (7.0% real growth, 1972-77) Agriculture: main crops-rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tapioca Fishing: catch 1.7 million metric tons (1976); major fishery export, shrimp, 15,218 metric tons, about $66 million, total marine export, about $118 million (1976) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, wood and wood products, cement, tin and tungsten ore mining; world's second largest tungsten producer and third largest tin producer Shortages: fuel sources, including coal, petroleum; scrap iron, and fertilizer Electric power: 2,829,000 kW capacity (1977); 10.9 billion kWh produced (1977), 245 kWh per capita Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1977); rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tin, tapioca, kenaf Imports: $4.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-Japan, U.S., Singapore, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Malaysia; imports-Japan, U.S., West Germany, U.K.; about 1% or less trade with Communist countries Aid: OPEC, $7.4 million (1975-76); U.S., economic $164.2 million (1970-76), military $580.0 million (1970-76); West- ern countries, $573.6 million (1970-76) Budget: (FY78) planned receipts $4,050 million; 19.5% military, 80.5% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 20.4 baht=US$1 (February 1978) Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,833 km meter gage (1.00 m), 97 km double track Highways: 28,806 km total; 14,773 km paved, 4,731 km crushed stone or gravel, 9,302 km earth and laterite Inland waterways: 3,999 km principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigale depths of 0.9 in or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow- draft native craft Ports: 2 major, 16 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 154 total, 153 usable; 55 with permanent- surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: service to general public adequate; bulk of service to government activities provided by radiocommunications stations and radio-relay network; satellite ground station; 312,000 telephones; over 3 million radios; and over 650,000 televisions; approx. 150 AM, 15 FM, and 10 TV transmitters in government-controlled networks DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 11,244,000; 6,844,000 fit for military service; about 503,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1978, $760.7 million; 18.8% of central government budget LAND 56,980 km2; nearly one-half is arable, under 15% cultivated Land boundaries: 1,646 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 56 km PEOPLE Population: 2,458,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Togolese (sing. & pl.); adjective- Togolese Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe in south and Cabrais in north; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Religion: about 20% Christian, 5% Muslim, 75% animist Language: French, both official and language of com- merce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabie in the north Literacy: 54.9% of school age (7-14) currently in school Labor force: over 90% of population engaged in subsistence agriculture; about 30,000 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors Organized labor: 1 national union, the CNTT organized in 1972 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Togo Type: republic; under military rule since January 1967 Capital: Lome Political subdivisions: 21 circumscriptions Legal system: based on French civil law and customary practice; no constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 27 April Branches: military government, with civilian-dominated cabinet, took over on 14 April 1967, replacing provisional government created after January coup; no legislature; separate judiciary including State Security Court established 1970 Government leader: General Gnassingbe Eyadema, Presi- dent, Minister of National Defense, and Armed Forces Chief of Staff Suffrage: universal adult Elections: presidential referendum of January 1972 elected Gen. Eyadema for indefinite period Political party: single party formed by President Eya- dema in September 1969, Rassemblement du People Togolais, structure and staffing of party closely controlled by government Communists: no Communist Party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO (observer), EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, ENTENTE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $525 million (1975), about $210 per capita; estimated real growth 1966-70, 5.3% average annual rate Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, cocoa, cotton; major food crops-yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum, fish; must import some foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, agricultural process- ing, handicrafts, textiles, beverages Electric power: 30,000 kW capacity (1977); 110 million kWh produced (1977), 45 kWh per capita Exports: $128 million (f.o.b., 1976); phosphates, cocoa, coffee, palm kernels, and cassava Imports: $162 million (c.i.f., 1976); consumer goods, fuels, machinery, tobacco, foodstuffs Major trade partners: mostly with France and other EC countries Aid: 1975 disbursements-France, $13.6 million; West Germany, $2.5 million; EEC, $1.5 million; U.S., $1.1 million; FY59-75 total commitments-EC, $62.9 million; U.S., $30 million; U.N., $16.8 million; others, $24.6 million; China (1972), $45 million Budget: (1977 proposed), revenues and expenditures, $221 million Monetary conversion rate: Africaine 249.35 francs=US$l Fiscal year: calendar COMMUNICATIONS Communaute as of February Financiere 1977 Railroads: 442 km meter gage (1.00 m), single track Highways: approx. 6,974 km total; 1,208 km paved, 166 km improved earth, 4,600 unimproved earth Inland waterways: section of Mono River and km of coastal lagoons and tidal creeks Ports: 1 major (Lome), 1 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 11 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: fair system based on skeletal network of open-wire lines supplemented by a radio relay route radiocommunication stations; only center is Lome; 6,300 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, I FM radio station, 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 540,000; 279,000 fit for military service; no conscription Supply: most military materiel obtained from France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $19,927,920; 7.8% of central government budget LAND 997 km' (150 islands); 77% arable, 3% pasture, 13% forest, 3% inland water, 4% other WATER Limits of Coastline: territorial waters 419 km (est.) PEOPLE Population: 90,000 (July 1978), average rate 0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Tongan(s); adjective-Tongan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian, about 300 Europeans Religion: Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 FIJI TONGA *Nula alofa Language: Tongan, English Literacy: 90%-95%; compulsory education for children between ages of 6-14 Labor force: agriculture 10,303; mining 599 Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Tonga Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Nukualofa Political subdivisions: 3 main island groups (Tongatapu, Haapi, Vavau) Legal system: based on English law Branches: Executive (King and Privy Council); Legisla- tive (Legislative Assembly composed of 7 nobles elected by their peers, 7 elected representatives of the people, 8 Ministers of the Crown; the King appoints one of the 7 nobles to be the speaker); Judiciary (Sup_eme Court, magistrate courts, Land Court) Government leaders: King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV; Pre- mier, Prince Tu'ipelehake (younger brother of the King) Suffrage: granted to all literate adults over 21 years of age who pay taxes Elections: held every 3 years, last in April 1978 Communists: none known Member of: ADB, Commonwealth ECONOMY GNP: $39 million (1975), $400 per capita Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut and banana production with subsistence crops of taro, yams, sweet potatoes, and bread fruit Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1977); 8 million kWh produced (1977), 85 kWh per capita Exports: $10 million (f.o.b., 1975); 65% copra, 7% coconut products, 8% bananas Imports: $28 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, machinery, and petroleum Major trade partners: (FY74) exports-25% Netherlands, 22% Australia, 20% New Zealand, 11% Norway; imports- 63% New Zealand and Australia Budget: (FY76) revenues $6.7 million, expenditures $8.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Tonga dollar=US$1.40 (1976) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 249 km total (1974); 177 km rolled stone; 72 km coral base Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable; 1 with grass runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 552 telephones (2.2 per 100 popl.); 11,000 radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO It Atlantic Ocean LAND 5,128 km2; 41.9% in farms (25.7% cropped or fallow, 1.5% pasture, 10.6% forests, and 4.1% unused or built-on), 58.1% outside of farms, including grassland, forest, built-up area, and wasteland WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 362 km PEOPLE Population: 1,045,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1,3% (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s); adjec- tive-Trinidadian Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 TONGA/TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Ethnic divisions: 43% Negro, 40% East Indian, 14% mixed, 1% white, 2% other Religion: 26.8% Protestant, 31.2% Roman Catholic, 23.0% Hindu, 6.0% Muslim, 13.0% unknown Language: English Literacy: 95% Labor force: 393,800 (July 1975), 13.5% agriculture, 20.0% mining, quarrying, and manufacturing, 17.4% com- merce; 15.7% construction and utilities; 7.5% transportation and communications; 23.0% services, 2.9% other Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Type: independent state since August 1962; in August 1976 country officially became a republic severing legal ties with British crown Capital: Port-of-Spain Political subdivisions: 8 counties (29 wards, Tobago is 30th) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 31 August Branches: legislative branch consists of 36-member elected House of Representatives and 31-member appointed Senate; executive is cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice and includes a Court of Appeal, High Court, and lower courts Government leaders: Prime Minister Dr. Eric Williams, President Ellis Clarke Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections to be held at intervals of not more than five years; last election held 13 September 1976 Political parties and leaders: People's National Move- ment (PNM), Dr. Eric Williams; United Labor Front (ULF), Bosdeo Panday; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Dr. Romesh Mootoo; Democratic Action Congress (DAC), Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson; West Indian National Party (WINP), Ashford Sinanani; Tapia House Movement, Lloyd Best Voting strength (1976 election): 56% of registered voters cast ballots; PNM captured 24 seats in House of Representa- tives, ULF 10, and DAC the two Tobago seats Communists: not significant Other political pressure groups: National Joint Action Congress (NJAC), radical anti-government Black-identity organization; United Revolutionary Organization (URO), Marxist amalgam; Trinidad and Tobago Peace Council, leftist organization affiliated with the World Peace Council; Trinidad and Tobago Chamber of Industry and Commerce; Trinidad and Tobago Labor Congress, moderate labor federation; Council of Progressive Trade Unions, radical labor federation Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, International Coffee Agreement, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3,159 million (1977), $3,060 per capita; 49% mining and petroleum, 6% manufacturing, 4% agriculture, 41% other; growth rate 1977, 7.7% est. Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, cocoa, coffee, rice, citrus, bananas; largely dependent upon imports of food Fishing: catch 13,880 metric tons (1976); exports $1.1 million (1975), imports $4.5 million (1975) Major industries: petroleum, tourism, food processing, cement Electric power: 375,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,250 kWh per capita Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum and petroleum products ($2.0 million), sugar, cocoa Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1977); crude petroleum ($0.9 billion), machinery, fabricated metals, transportation equip- ment, manufactured goods, food Major trade partners: (excludes trade under petroleum agreement) exports-U.S. 71%, U.K. 9%, Caricom 15%; imports-U.S. 45%, U.K. 17%, Caricom 6% (1976) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-76), $40.5 million in grants; from international organizations (FY53-75), $14.8 million Budget: (1977) central government revenues $1 billion, expenditures $1 billion (current $487 million, investment $156 million, development project funds, $371 million) Monetary conversion TT$2.40= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar rate: tied to US dollar in 1976; COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,100 km total; 2,800 km paved, 200 km gravel, 100 km improved earth Pipelines: 1,032 km crude oil and refined products; 832 km natural gas Ports: 3 major (Port of Spain, Chaquaramars Tembladora), 6 minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 7 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations 204 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO/TUNISIA - and 19 nance,uf3% and c construction1.4 ; 5% tgrade lture Telecommunications: excellent and Guyana; service good turing bor tropospheric scatter links to Barbados a 0,400 laboro mining; skillutilitiedes shortage o and tran local service; 1 Atlantic Ocean 2 saA~li 2 FMtI and 73 TV 10%520%a unemployed nications Organized labor: 25% of labor force; General Union of stations telephones (6.6 per 100 p p ), Tunisian Workers (UGTT), quasi-independent of Destourian s DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 261,000; 184,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $48.4 million; about 4.8% of central government budget TUNISIA LAND 164,206 km2; 28% arable land and tree crops, 23% range and esparto grass, 6% forest, 43% desert, waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,408 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 12 nm exclusive fisheries zone follows the 50-meter isobath for part of the coast, maximum 65 nm) Coastline: 1,143 km (includes offshore PEOPLE Population: 6,242,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Tunisian(s); adjective-Tunisian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% European, less than Jewish Religion: 95% Muslim, 4% Christian, Language: Arabic (official), (commerce) Literacy: about 32% Socialist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Tunisia Type: republic Capital: Tunis Political subdivisions: 17 governorates (provinces) Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution patterned on Turkish and U.S. constitutions adopted 1959; some judicial review of legisla- tive acts in the Supreme Court in joint session; legal education at Institute of Higher Studies and Ecole Super- ieure de Droit of the University of Tunis; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 June Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislative largely advisory; judicial, patterned on French system and Koranic law Government leaders: President Habib Bourguiba; Prime Minister Hedi Nouira Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national elections held every 5 years; last elections 2 November 1974 Political party and leader: Destourian Socialist Party, Habib Bourguiba Voting strength (1974 election): 100% Destourian Social- ist Party Communists: a small number of nominal Communists, mostly students; Tunisian Communist Party proscribed in January 1963 i - Member of: AFDB, Arab League, AIOEC, EC (assoc ation until 1974), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, I IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, DA, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY th l grow GDP: $4.5 billion (1977 est.), $760 per capita; rea of 3% in 1977 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock herding pre- dominate; main crops-wheat, barley, olives, fruits (espe- cially citrus), viticulture, vegetables, dates Major sectors: tourism, mining, food processing, textiles and leather, light manufacturing, construction materials, chemical fertilizers, petroleum Electric power: 425,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 235 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 TUNISIA/TURKEY Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 25% petroleum, 20% Phosphates, 18% olive oil Imports: $2.0 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 36% raw materials, 23% machinery and equipment, 14% consumer goods, 19% food and beverages, 3% energy, 5% other Major trade partners: exports-France, Italy, West Germany Monetary conversion rate: I Tunisian dinar (TD)= US$2.32 Fiscal year: calendar COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,089 km total; 503 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,586 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 17,140 km total; 7,940 km bituminous, 660 km gravel; 2,000 km improved earth; 6,540 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 797 km crude oil; 10 km refined products; 72 km natural gas Ports: 4 major, 8 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft Airfields: 33 total, 26 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: the system is above the African average in amount and capacity of facilities which consist of open-wire lines with multiconductor cable or radio relay; key centers are Safagis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 100,000 telephones (1.7 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 3 FM, and 7 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,547,000; 850,000 fit for military service; about 59,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $153 million; 6% of central government budget TURKEY LAND 766,640 km2; 35% cropland, 25% meadows and pastures, 23% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 2,574 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm except in Black Sea where it is 12 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 7,200 km PEOPLE Population: 43,059,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Turk(s); adjective-Turkish Ethnic divisions: 90% Turkish, 7% Kurd, 3% other Religion: 99% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 1% other (mostly Christian and Jewish) Language: Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: 55% Labor force: 13.8 million; 68% agriculture, 16% industry, 16% service; substantial shortage of skilled labor; ample unskilled labor Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Turkey Type: republic Capital: Ankara Political subdivisions: 67 provinces Legal system: derived from various continental legal systems; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court; legal education at Universities of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Republic Day, 29 October Branches: President elected by parliament; Prime Minis- ter appointed by President from members of parliament; Prime Minister is effective executive; cabinet, selected by Prime Minister and approved by President, must command majority support in lower house; parliament bicameral under constitution promulgated in 1961; National Assembly has 450 members serving 4 years; Senate has 150 elected members, one-third elected every 2 years, 15 appointed by the President to 6-year terms (one-third appointed every 2 years), and 19 life members; highest court for ordinary criminal and civil cases is Court of Cassation, which hears appeals directly from criminal, commercial, basic, and peace courts Government leaders: President Fahri Koruturk; Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 TURKEY/TUVALU Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: National Assembly and Senate (1/3 of seats), Republican People's Party won a plurality in June 1977; Presidential (1980) Political parties and leaders: Justice Party (JP), Suleyman Demirel; Republican People's Party (RPP), Bulent Ecevit; National Salvation Party (NSP), Necmettin Erbakan; Democratic Party (DP), Ferruh Bozbeyli; Republican Reliance Party (RRP), Turban Feyzioglu; Nationalist Action Party (NAP), Alpaslan Turkes; Unity Party (UP), Mustafa Timisi; Communist Party illegal Communists: strength and support negligible Other political or pressure groups: military forced resignation of Demirel government in March 1971 and remains an influential force in national affairs Member of: ASSIMER, CENTO, Council of Europe, EC (associate member), ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OECD, Regional Coopera- tion for Development, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $45.0 billion (1977), $1,070 per capita; 4.5% real growth 1977, 7%-8% average annual real growth 1970-76 Agriculture: main products-cotton, tobacco, cereals, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, and livestock products; self-suffi- cient in food in average years, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1972) Major industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum Crude steel: 1.9 million tons produced (1976), 45 kg per capita Electric power: 4,900,000 kW capacity (1977); 21.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 505 kWh per capita Exports: $1,750 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton, tobacco, fruits, nuts, metals, livestock products, textiles and clothing Imports: $5,800 million (c.i.f., 1977); crude oil, machin- ery, transport equipment, metals, mineral fuels, fertilizers, chemicals Major trade partners: 22% West Germany, 9% U.S., 9% Iraq, 7% U.K., 7% Italy (1976) Budget: (FY77) revenues $11.2 billion, expenditures $12.2 billion, deficit $1.01 billion Monetary conversion rate: 25.00 Turkish liras=US$1 (1 March 1978) Fiscal year: 1 March-28 February COMMUNICATIONS km Railroads: 8,253 km standard gage (1.435 m); 143 double track; 72 km electrified Highways: 60,000 km total; 21,000 km bituminous; 28,000 km gravel or crushed stone; 2,500 km improved earth; 8,500 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: approx. 1,689 km Pipelines: 1,288 km crude oil; 2,055 km refined products Ports: 10 major, 35 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft (including 5 leased in) Airfields: 120 total, 101 usable; 57 with permanent-sur- face runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: new trunk domestic radio-relay net, good international service; 1.1 million telephones (2.7 per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 4 FM, and 36 TV stations; 1 submarine cable; Comsat station near completion DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 10,665,000; 6,282,000 fit for military service; about 461,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 28 February 1979, $2.3 billion; about 22% of proposed central government budget TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) UNITE'?Q STATES __--AP~ p` U~ EA GILBERT ISLANDS TUVALU NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the new colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert Islands. The new colony of Tuvalu includes the islands of Nanumanga, Nanumea, Nui, Niutao, Vaitupu, and those islands claimed by the United States: Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulailai, and Nurakita. LAND 26 km' Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 24 km PEOPLE Population: 6,000 (preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973) Ethnic divisions: Polynesian Religion: Protestant Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Tuvalu Type: British crown colony with a large measure of self-government; independence expected in October 1978 Capital: Funafuti House of Assembly: eight members Chief minister: Toalipi Lauti Her Majesty's Commissioner (Governor): Thomas Layng ECONOMY See Gilbert Islands for economic data Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1977); 788 million kWh produced (1977); 65 kWh per capita COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 8 km gravel Inland waterways: none Ports: l minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 total; 1 usable with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 1 AM station; about 300 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop].); 4,000 radio sets UGANDA LAND 235,690 km2; 21% inland water and swamp, including territorial waters of Lake Victoria, about 21% cultivated, 13% national parks, forest, and game reserves, 45% forest, woodland, and grassland Land boundaries: 2,680 km PEOPLE Population: 12,780,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Ugandan(s); adjective-Ugandan Ethnic divisions: 99% African, 1% European, Asian, Arab Religion: about 60% nominally Christian, 5%-10% Mus- lim, rest animist Language: English official; Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages Literacy: about 20%-40% Labor force: estimated 4.5 million, of which about 250,000 in paid labor, remaining in subsistence activities Organized labor: 125,000 union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Uganda Type: republic independent since October 1962 Capital: Kampala Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 34 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1967; present govern- ment rules despotically, has intimidated judicial officials and has made constitution of no consequence; legal education at Makerere University, Kampala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October Branches: Gen. Amin rules by decree; assisted by Council of Ministers and Defense Council, a group of military officers Government leader: Gen. Idi Amin, President for life Suffrage: universal adult Elections: none scheduled by military government Political parties: none Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $870 million (1976, at constant prices), $150 per capita; 0% real growth between 1970-74 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, cotton; other cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, fish, livestock Fishing: catch 169,700 metric tons (1975) million (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing (textiles, sugar, coffee, plywood, beer), cement, copper smelter, corrugated iron sheet, shoes, fertilizer Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 UGANDA/U.S.S.R. Electric power: 228,500 kW capacity (1977); 1,028 million kWh produced (1977), 80 kWh per capita Exports: $322 million (f.o.b., 1976 est.); coffee, cotton, tea, copper (1971) Petroleum Imposts: $237 million ( piece goods, metals, transport products, machinery, cotton equipment Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Kenya Monetary conversion rate: 8.4 Uganda shillings=US$l Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS single track Railroads: 1,216 km, meter gage (1.00 m), Highways: 6,763 km total; 1,934 km paved; 4,829 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks (est.) Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, and Lake Edward (9,670 River and Victoria Nile (610 km) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 49 total, 48 usable; 5 with permanent-surface Yrunways runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 3 2,440-3,659 in, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: fair system based on open wire lines and low-capacity radiooreela 6 TV st6,0o 0;teleph antic FM , (0.4 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, Atl Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 2,763,000; about 1,485,000 fit for military service U.S.S.R. LAND 22,274,000 km2; 9.3% cultivated, 37.1% forest and brush, passte ture 2.6% urban, industrial, and transportation, 16.8% and natural hay land, 34.2% desert, Land boundaries: 20,619 km WATER 12 nm (fishing 200 Limits of territorial waters (claimed): nm) Coastline: 46,670 km (incl. Sakhalin) Language: more than 200 languages and dialects (at least 18 with more than 1 million speakers); 76% Slavic group, 8% other Indo-European, 11% Altaic, 3% Uralian, 2% Caucasian Literacy: 98.5% of population (ages 9-49) 25% Labor force: civilian 137 million (mid-year 1977), 75% o agriculture, unemployednot reported, shortage of skilled laborrreported GOVERNMENT Legal name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Type: Communist state Capital: Moscow Political subdivisions: 15 union republics, 20 autonomous republics, 6 krays, 121 oblasts, and 8 autonomous oblasts Legal system: civil law system as modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1977; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 18 universities and 4 law institutes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction 7 November National holiday: October Revolution Day, Branches: Council of Ministers (executive), Supreme Soviet (legislative), Supreme Court of U.S.S.R. (judicial) Government leaders: Leonid I. Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party viet Chairman Aleksey oN.t Kosygin, Chairman U.S.S.R. Supreme Sov of the Council of Ministers direct, equal Suffrage: universal over age 18; Elections: to Supreme Soviet every 5 years; 1,517 deputies elected in 1974; 72.2% party members Political party: Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) only party permitted Voting strength (1974 election): 153,237,112 persons over 18; allegedly 99.98% voted Communists: over 16 million party members Other political or pressure groups: Komsomol, trade unions, and other organizations which facilitate Communist control PEOPLE annual Population: 261,382,000 (July 1978), average growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Soviet(s); adjective-Soviet Ethnic divisions: 74% Slavic, 26% among some 170 ethnic groups Religion: 70% atheist, 18% Russian Orthodox, 9% Muslim, 3% other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 U.S.S.R./UNITFD ARAB EMIRATES Member of: CEMA, Geneva Disarmament Conference, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO, Universal Copyright Convention ECONOMY GNP: $960.4 billion (1976, in 1976 U.S. prices), $3,742 per capita; in 1977 percentage shares were-57% consumption, 29% investment, 14% government and other, including defense (based on 1970 GNP in rubles at adjusted factor cost); average annual growth rate of real GNP (1971-77), 3.8%, average annual growth rate (1976-77), 3.8% Agriculture: principal food crops-grain (especially wheat), Potatoes; main industrial crops-sugar, cotton, sunflowers, and flax; degree of self-sufficiency depends on fluctuations in crop yields; caloric intake, 3,250 calories per day per capita in recent years Fishing: catch 10.3 million metric tons (1975); exports 491,000 metric tons (1975), imports 26,700 metric tons (1975) Major industries: diversified, highly developed capital goods industries; consumer goods industries comparatively less developed Shortages: natural rubber, bauxite and alumina, tantalum, tin, tungsten and fluorspar Crude steel: 160 million metric ton capacity as of t January 1978; 147 million metric tons produced in 1977, 570 kg Per capita Electric power: 239,800,000 kW capacity (1977); 1,152 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,430 kWh per capita Exports: $45,228.6 million (f.o.b,, 1977); fuels (particu- larly petroleum and derivatives), metals, agricultural prod- ucts (timber, grain), and a wide variety of manufactured goods (primarily capital goods) Imports: $40,931.8 million (f.o.b., 1977); specialized and complex machinery and equipment, textile fibers, consumer manufactures, steel products (Particularly large diameter Pipe), and any significant shortages in domestic production (for example, grain imported following poor domestic harvests) Major trade partners: $86.2 billion (1977 total turnover); trade 57% with Communist countries, 30% with industrial- ized West and 13 , % with less developed countries Aid: economic-to less developed countries (total ex- tended 1977) $392 million; recipients included India $340 million; Jamaica, $30 million; Tanzania, $19 million; economic extensions, $12.5 billion (1954-76); military- (total extended 1977) $4.0 billion; principal recipients were Syria, $0.9 billion; Algeria, $0.8 billion; Ethiopia, $0.7 billion; India, $0.6 billion; Tunisia, $0.5 billion; military extensions, $22 billion (1955-76) Official monetary conversion (April 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS rate: 0.7461 rubles=US$1: Railroads: 139,805 km total; 137,972 km broad gage (1.524 m); 1,833 km narrow a g ge (mostly 0.750 m); 109,316 km broad gage single track; 40,399 km electrified; does not include industrial lines (1977) Highways: 1,564,000 km total; 322,000 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 372,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 870,000 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 146,400 kin navigable, exclusive of Caspian Sea (1978) Pipelines: 56,500 kmn crude oil; 13,000 km refined products; 115,000 km natural gas Ports: 52 major (most important: Leningrad, Murmansk, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Ilichevsk, Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Arkhangelsk, Riga, Tallinn, Kaliningrad, Liepaja, Ventspils, Nikolayev, Sevastopol); 116 selected minor (1978) Freight carried: rail-3,705 million metric tons, 3,330.0 billion metric ton/km (1977); highways-22.1 billion metric tons, 360.0 billion metric ton/km (1976); waterway-520.0 million metric tons, 231.0 billion metric ton/km, excluding Caspian Sea in approximately 16,000 waterway craft with 8,000,000 metric tons capacity (1977) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES almost all desert waste o b , r ur an Land boundaries: 1,094 km (does not include boundaries between adjacent U.A.E. states) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 rim for all states except Sharjah (12 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES/UNITED KINGDOM PEOPLE Population: 656,000 (preliminary total from the census of 29 August 1975) Ethnic divisions: Arabs 42%, South Asians 50% (fluctuat- ing), other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians 8% Religion: Muslim 96%, Christian, Language: Arabic Literacy: 25% est. (1975) Labor force: 203,000 (1975 est.); 85% in industry; 2% U.A.E. Arabs, 7% non-U.A.E. Arabs, 91% Indians, Pakistanis, Iranians GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Arab Emirates (composed of former Trucial States) Member states: Abu Dhabi; Ajman; Dubai; Fujairah; Ras alKhaimah; Sharjah; Umm alQaiwain Type: federation; constitution signed December 1971, which delegated specified powers to the United Arab Emirates central government and reserved other powers to member shaykhdoms Capital: Abu Dhabi Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the U.A.E. Government and in several member shaykhdoms; Islamic law remains very influential National holiday: 2 December Branches: Supreme Council of Rulers (7 members), from which a President and Vice President are elected; Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; National Consultative Council; federal Supreme Court Government leaders: Shaykh Zayid of Abu Dhabi, President; Shaykh Rashid of Dubai, Vice President; Shaykh Maktum of Dubai, Prime Minister Suffrage: none Elections: none Political or pressure groups: none; a few small clandes- tine groups are active Member of: Arab League, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, NAM, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY Agriculture: food imported, but some dates, alfalfa, vegetables, fruit, tobacco raised Electric power: 700,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,350 kWh per capita Exports: $8.5 billion ($7.0 billion in oil, $0.3 billion non-oil) (f.o.b., 1976); crude petroleum, pearls, fish Imports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); food, consumer and capital goods Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Japan, India, EC Aid: 1974-75 foreign aid totaled $1 billion; the 1975-76 budget committed $875 million to direct foreign aid; Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic and Social Development in 1975 lent $175 million to LDC's Budget: total budget (1977), $2.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 U.A.E. Dirham=US$0.25 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 780 km bituminous, undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: 282 km crude oil Ports: 3 major, 1 minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in) Airfields: 57 total, 41 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system is adequate; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai; 70,800 telephones (10.8 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations; 2 COMSAT ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 180,000; 90,000 fit for military service UNITED KINGDOM LAND 243,978 km'; 30% arable, 50% meadow and pasture, 12% waste or urban, 7% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 360 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 12,429 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 PEOPLE Population: 55,894,000 (July 1978) average annual growth rate -0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Briton(s), British (collective p1.); adjective-British Ethnic divisions: 83% English, 9% Scottish, 5% Welsh, 3% Irish Religion: 27.0 million Church of England, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterians, 760,000 Method- ist, 450,000 Jews (registered) Language: English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland) Literacy: 98% to 99% Labor force: (1974) 25.6 million; 1.6% agriculture, 1.4% mining, 30.7% manufacturing, 6.2% government, 7.2% transportation and utilities, 5.2% construction, 10.6% dis- tributive trades, 25.3% all services, 9.7% other; 2.1% unemployed Organized labor: 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: London 635 parliamentary constituencies Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Celebration 16 June Branches: legislative of Birthday of the Queen, authority resides in Parliament; executive authority lies with collectively responsible cabinet led by Prime Minister; House of Lords is supreme judicial authority and highest court of appeal Government leader: Prime Minister James Callaghan Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: at discretion of Prime Minister, but must be held before expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election 10 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Margaret Thatcher; Labor, James Callaghan; Liberal, David Steel; Communist, Gordan McLennan; Scottish National, William Wolfe; Plaid Cymru, Phil Williams Voting strength (1974 election): Conservative 277 seats (35.9%); Labor 319 seats (39.3%); Liberal 13 seats (18.3%); Scottish National 11 seats (2.8%); Plaid Cymru 3 seats (0.6%); other 12 seats (3.2%) Communists: 29,000 Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress, Confederation of British Industry, National Farmers' Union Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, 1FC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $243.9 billion (1977 est. in 1977 prices), $4,367 per capita; 59.7% consumption, 18.1% investment, 21.4% gov- ernment; 0.5% inventories, 0.2% net foreign balance, real growth 1.5% (1976) Agriculture: mixed farming predominates; main prod- ucts-wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, livestock, dairy products; 52.2% self-sufficient; food shortages-meat, fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,910 calories per day per capita, 1975 Fishing: catch 933,000 metric tons (1976), valued at $332 million; 1976 exports $146.2 million, imports $492.5 million Major industries: machinery and transport equipment, metals, food processing, paper and paper products, textiles, chemicals, clothing Shortages: rubber, timber and nonferrous metals, foodstuffs woodpulp, textile fibers, Crude steel: 22.3 million metric tons produced (1976); 28.1 million metric tons capacity (1975), 400 kg per capita Electric power: 83,800,000 kW capacity (1977); 280 billion kWh produced (1977), 5,010 kWh per capita Exports: $57.5 billion (f.o.b., 1977); machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, metals, nonmetallic mineral manu- factures, textiles, beverages Imports: $63.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977); foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery, crude materials, chemicals, nonferrous metals Major trade partners: 37.5% EC, 13.4% Commonwealth, 9.7% U.S., 4.2% Ireland, 3.9% Switzerland Aid: donor: bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $5,058 million (1970-76) Budget (central government): forecasts for FY78, $75.67 billion expenditures, $65.67 billion revenues; central govern- ment borrowing requirement, $11.93 billion; total public sector borrowing requirement, $14.74 billion Monetary conversion rate: pound sterling floating, average daily exchange rate 1976, 0.55 pounds=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Great Britain-18,287 km total; British Rail- ways (BR) operates 18,012 km standard gage (1.435 m) (3,735 km electrified, 11,410 km double track, 2,366 km multiple track) and 19 km 0.597-meter gage; 256 km of standard gage (1.435 m) and several narrow gages are privately owned; Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) operates 327 km 1.600-meter gage, 190 km double track 212 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 UNITED KINGDOM/UPPER VOLTA Highways: approx. 343,315 km paved and 23,175 km in Northern Ireland, 22,227 km paved; 949 km gravel Inland waterways: 1,770 km of commercial routes Pipelines: 933 km crude oil, almost all insignificant; 2,907 km refined products; 1,770 km natural gas Ports: 23 major, 350 minor Civil air: 506 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in and 17 leased out) Telecommunications: modern, efficient domestic and international system; 22.4 million telephones (39.4 per 100 popl.); excellent countrywide broadcast; 97 AM, 120 FM, and 300 TV stations; 42 submarine cables; 1 earth satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Indian Ocean antenna DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,715,000; 10,738,000 fit for military service; no conscription; 448,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for March 1979, $13,353.7 million; government budget fiscal year about 15% UPPER VOLTA ending 31 of central LAND 274,540 km'; 50% pastureland, 21% fallow, 10% culti- vated, 9% forest and scrub, 10% waste and other uses Land boundaries: 3,307 km PEOPLE Population: 6,508,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Upper Voltan(s); adjective-Upper Voltan Ethnic divisions: more than 50 tribes; principal tribe is Mossi (about 2.5 million); other important groups are Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani Religion: majority of population animist, about 20% Muslim, 5% Christian (mainly Catholic) Language: French official; tribal languages belong Sudanic family, spoken by 50% of the population Literacy: 5%-10% Labor force: about 95% of the economically active population engaged in animal husbandry, subsistence farm- ing, and related agricultural pursuits; about 30,000 are wage earners; about 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment Organized labor: 4 principal trade union GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Upper Volta Type: republic; military regime in power since January 1966 Capital: Ouagadougou Political subdivisions: 10 departments, composed of 44 cercles, headed by civilian prefects Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1970, suspended February 1974; a national referendum on a draft constitu- tion held in November 1977 and country to return to civilian rule with legislative and presidential elections in 1978; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Proclamation of the Republic, 11 December Branches: President is an army officer; 57-man National Assembly was elected 30 April 1978 Government leader: Gen. Sangoule Lamizana, President and Prime Minister Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: Parliamentary elections held on 30 April 1978 and Presidential elections on 14 May Political parties and leaders: 3 parties elected to seats in the National Assembly: Voltan Democratic Union (UDV) holds the majority of seats; National Union for the Defense of Democracy (UNDD); Voltan Progressive Union (UPV) Communists: no Communist party; some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: labor organizations are badly splintered, students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $644 million (1976 est.), $110 per capita, annual growth estimated by U.S. Embassy at 4.6% (1973-76) Agriculture: cash crops-peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops-sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; largely self-sufficient Fishing: catch 3,500 metric tons (1975) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Major industries: agricultural processing plants, brewery, bottling, and brick plants; a few other light industries Electric power: 21,500 kW capacity (1977); 57 million kWh produced (1977), 9 kWh per capita Exports: $83 million (f.o.b., 1976); livestock (on the hoof), peanuts, shea nut products, cotton, sesame Imports: $182 million (c.i.f., 1976); textiles, food, and other consumer goods, transport equipment, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: Ivory Coast and Ghana; overseas trade mainly with France and other EC countries; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic-France (1964-September 1970), $46 million; EC (FY1960-72), $87 million; U.S.S.R., China, Ghana, West Germany, and Israel have also extended aid; U.S. (FY61-76), $53 million; international organizations (FY60-73), $175 million; China, $51 million (1973-76); military-France, $3.7 million (1964-70); U.S., $0.1 million (FY 1962-76) Budget: (1978) balanced at $125 million Monetary conversion rate: about 242.69 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,173 km, 516 km meter gage (1.00 m), single track; Ouagadougou to Abidjan, Ivory Coast line Highways: approximately 16,320 km total; 520 km paved, 3,600 km improved, 12,200 km unimproved Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 54 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: all services generally poor; 3,400 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and I TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,478,000; 739,000 fit for military service; no conscription Supply: mainly dependent on France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $18,243,900; 19.7% of central government budget URUGUAY LAND 186,998 km2; 84% agricultural land (73% pasture, 11% cropland), 16% forest, urban, waste and other Land boundaries: 1,352 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 660 km PEOPLE Population: 2,893,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Uruguayan(s); adjective-Uruguayan Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% white, 5% Negro, 5%-10% mestizo Religion: 66% Roman Catholic (less population attends church regularly) Language: Spanish Literacy: 90.5% for those 15 years of age or Labor force: 1,015,500 (1963 census); of those employed in important sectors-25% government; 34% industry; 10% service; 23% other; 8% agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining; no shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: about 25% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay Type: republic, influence government under Capital: Montevideo Political subdivisions: autonomy 19 departments with limited Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; new constitution implemented 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Republic at Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 August Branches: executive, headed by President; since 1973 the military has had considerable influence in policymaking; bicameral legislature (closed indefinitely by presidential decree in June 1973), Council of State set up to act as legislature; national judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government Manfredini Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: projected for 1980 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 URUGUAY/VATICAN CITY Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed Voting strength (1971 elections): 40.8% Colorado, 40.1% Blanco, 18.6% Frente Amplio, 0.5% Radical Christian Union Communists: 35,000-40,000 including Communist youth group and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCU), Rodney Arismendi (in exile in the U.S.S.R.); Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Socialist Party of Uruguay (PSU); Revolutionary Movement of Uruguay (MRO) pro-Cuban Communist Party; National Liberation Movement (MLN-Tupamaros) Marxist revolutionary terror- ist group Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $3.0 billion (1976), $1,080 per capita; 83% private consumption, 12% public consumption, 11% gross invest- ment; real growth rate 1976, 2.6% Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing (17 million sheep, 11 million cattle); main crops- wheat, rice, corn; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs; caloi4c intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita, with high protein content Major industries: meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, cement, petroleum refining Crude steel: rolled products 34,841 metric tons produced, castings 263 metric tons (1976) Electric power: 700,000 kW capacity (1977); 3 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,070 kWh per capita Exports: $608 million (f.o.b., 1977); wool, hides Imports: $721 million (c.i.f., 1977); fuels, metals, machin- ery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: exports-34% EC, 7% U.S., 29% LAFTA; imports-29% LAFTA, 10% U.S., 20% EC (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $129 million in loans, $30 million in grants; from other Western countries (1960-74), $26 million; from Communist coun- tries-U.S.S.R. (1969-76), $52 million and Eastern Europe (1966-76), $31 million; from international organizations (1946-76), $371 million; military-authorizations from U.S. (FY53-75), $90 million Budget: (1977 est.) revenue, $623 million; expenditure, $671 million Monetary conversion rate: 5.46 pesos=US$1 (January 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,795 km, all standard gage (1.435 m) and government owned Highways: 15,700 km total; 10,000 km paved, 2,700 km gravel, 3,000 km improved earth Inland waterways: 1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft Freight carried: highways 80% of total cargo traffic, rail 15%, waterways 5% Ports: 4 major (Montevideo, Colonia, Fray Bentos, Paysandu), 6 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 101 total, 63 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: most modern facilities concen- trated in Montevideo; 258,000 telephones (9.0 per 100 popl.); 85 AM, 3 FM, and 27 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 672,000; 542,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $79.9 million; 17.3% of central government budget VATICAN CITY LAND 0.438 km2 Land boundaries: 3 km PEOPLE Population: 1,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1976) Ethnic divisions: primarily Italians but also many other nationalities Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian, Latin, and various modern languages Literacy: virtually complete Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 VATICAN CITY/VENEZUELA Labor force: approx. 700; Vatican City employees divided into 3 categories-executives, officeworkers, and salaried employees Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of the Vatican City Type: monarchical-sacerdotal state Capital: Vatican City Political subdivisions: Vatican City includes St. Peter's, the Vatican Palace and Museum and neighboring buildings covering more than 13 acres; 13 buildings in Rome although Electric power: obtained from Rome city grid; standby diesel powerplant with 2,100 kW capacity (1977) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none (city streets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: 3 AM stations and 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange outside the boundaries, enjoy extraterritorial rights DEFENSE FORCES Legal system: Canon law; constitutional laws of 1929 serve some of the functions of a constitution National holiday: 30 June Branches: the Pope possesses full executive, legislative, and judicial powers; he delegates these powers to the governor of Vatican City, who is subject to pontifical appointment and recall; high Vatican offices include the Secretariat of State, the College of Cardinals (chief papal advisers), the Roman Curia (which carries on the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church), the Presi- dence of the Prefecture for the Economy, and the synod of bishops (created in 1965) Government leader: Supreme Pontiff, Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini, born 26 September 1897, elected Pope 21 June 1963) Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 in age Elections: Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals Communists: none known Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church) Member: IAEA, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N. (permanent observer) ECONOMY The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial activity consists solely of printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms The banking and financial activities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Agencies carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communities throughout the world; the Cardinal's Commission controls the administration of ordi- nary assets of the Holy See and a Special Administration manages the Holy See's capital assets Defense is responsibility of Italy VENEZUELA LAND 911,680 km2; 4% cropland, 18% pasture, 21% forest, 57% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 4,181 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,800 km PEOPLE Population: 14,058,000, excluding Indian jungle popula- tion (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: zuelan noun-Venezuelan(s); adjective-Vene- Ethnic divisions: 67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% Negro, 2% Indian Religion: 94% nominally Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 74% (claimed, 1970 est.) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 July 1978 Labor force: 3.7 million (1975); 24% agriculture, 6% construction, 17% manufacturing, 6% transportation, 18% commerce, 25% services, 4% petroleum, utilities, and other Organized labor: 45% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Venezuela Type: republic Capital: Caracas Political subdivisions: 20 states, 1 federal district, 2 federal territories Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system with influence of U.S. law; constitution promulgated 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; dual court system, state and federal; legal education at Central University of Venezuela; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July Branches: executive (President), bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Carlos Andres Perez Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; next to be held December 1978 Political parties and leaders: Accion Democratica (AD), Carlos Andres Perez, Luis Pinerva Ordaz, and Gonzalo Barrios; Social Christian Party (COPEI), Rafael Caldera and Luis Herrera Campins; People's Electoral Movement (MEP), Jesus Angel Paz Galarraga; Partido Comunista de Venezuela (PCV), Secretary-General Jesus Faria; Movement to Social- ism (MAS), Teodoro Petkoff and Pompey Marquez Voting strength (1973 election): 49% AD, 37% COPEI, 5% New Force (MEP & PCV), 4% MAS, 3% URD, 2% others Communists: 4,000-6,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Fedecamaras (a conservative business group); PRO VENEZUELA (leftist, nationalist economic group); DESARROLLISTAS (group of wealthy, independent businessmen led by former finance minister Pedro Tinoco and historian Guillermo Moron) Member of: Andean Pact, AIOEC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multina- cional del Caribe), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $36.0 billion (1977, in 1977 dollars), $2,800 per capita; 48% private consumption, 15% public consumption, 31% gross investment, 6% foreign sector (1976), real growth rate 6.4% (1974-77) Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, corn, coffee, rice; imports wheat (U.S.), corn (South Africa), sorghum (Argen- tina, U.S.); caloric intake 2,600 calories per day per capita (1972) Fishing: catch 146,000 metric tons (1976); exports $28.4 million (1976), imports $2.0 million (1976) Major industries: petroleum, iron-ore mining, construc- tion, food processing, textiles Crude steel: 750,000 metric tons produced (1976), 60 kg per capita Electric power: 6,170,000 kW capacity (1977); 25 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,935 kWh per capita Exports: $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum $9.1 billion, iron ore, coffee Imports: $8.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977); industrial machinery and equipment, chemicals, manufactures, wheat Major trade partners: imports-40% U.S., 10% Japan, 10% West Germany; exports-33% U.S., 13% Canada Aid: economic assistance-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $128 million loans; $73 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $658 million; from Communist countries (1954-76), $10 million; military- assistance from U.S. (FY46-76), $153 million Budget: 1977-revenues $9.0 billion; expenditures, $11.4 billion, capital $4.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.2925 bolivares=US$1 (sell- ing rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 373 km standard gage (1.435 m) all single track; 171 km government owned, 202 km privately owned Highways: 58,600 km total; 21,200 km paved, 22,800 km gravel, 14,600 km improved earth Inland waterways: 7,100 km; Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels Pipelines: 6,110 km crude oil; 400 km refined products; 2,495 km natural gas Ports: 6 major, 17 minor Civil air: 70 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in) Airfields: 292 total, 261 usable; 110 with permanent-sur- face runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 76 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern expanding telecom system; satellite ground station; 649,000 telephones (5.3 per 100 pop].); 157 AM, 50 FM, and 43 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,707,000; 1,911,000 fit for military service; 138,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $614.3 million; about 5.9% of central government budget 217 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 LAND 329,707 km2; 14% cultivated, 50% forested, 36% urban inland water, and other Land boundaries: 4,562 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 3,444 km (excluding islands) PEOPLE Population: 51,226,000 (July growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Vietnamese (sing. & Vietnamese Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% predominantly Vietnamese; 3% Chinese; ethnic minorities include Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham, and mountain tribesman Religion: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Catholicism, Animism, Islam, and Protestantism Language: Vietnamese, French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Labor force: approximately 15 million, not including military; about 70% agriculture and 8% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of Type: Communist state Capital: Hanoi Political subdivisions: 38 provinces Legal system: based on Communist legal French civil law system National holiday: 2 September Branches: constitution provides for a National Assembly and highly centralized executive nominally subordinate to it Party and government leaders: Ton Due Thang, Presi- dent of DRV; Le Duan, Party Secretary General; Truong Chinh, Chairman, Standing Committee of National Assem- bly; Pham Van Dong, Premier; Vo Nguyen Giap, Minister of National Defense; Nguyen Duy Trinh, Minister for Foreign Affairs; Tran Quoc Hoan, Minister of Interior Suffrage: over age 18 Elections: pro forma elections held for national and local assemblies; lastest election for National Assembly held on April 25, 1976 Political parties: National United Front, consisting of the predominate Vietnam Communist Party, successor to the Vietnam Workers Party and several other political organizations Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IMF, Mekong Committee, NAM, U.N. UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $7.3 billion (1977), approximately $145 per capita; real growth less than 5% annually Agriculture: main crops-rice, rubber, fruits and vegeta- bles, mainly in the south; some corn, manioc, and sugarcane; major food imports-wheat, dairy products Fishing: catch 776,000 metric tons (1976), of which 600,000 metric tons sea Major industries: food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires Shortages: foodgrains, petroleum, capital goods and machinery, fertilizer Electric power: 1,342,700 kW capacity (1977); 3.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 65 kWh per capita Exports: $300 million (1977); agricultural and handicraft products, coal, minerals, ores Imports: $900 million (1977); petroleum, steel products, railroad equipment, chemicals, medicines, raw cotton, fertilizer, grain Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., East European countries, Japan, other Asian markets; imports-U.S.S.R., East Europe, China, Japan Aid: accurate data on aid since April 1975 unification unavailable; estimated annual commitments of economic aid are-U.S.S.R., $500 million; East European countries, $350 million; China, $350 million; non-Communist countries, $100 million; international institutions, $50 million; military aid deliveries since end of war in April 1975 are minimal Monetary conversion rate (official): 2.65 northern dons=US$1; 1.85 southern dong=US$1 (internally), 1 northern dong=0.8 southern dong (November 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 41,190 km total; 5,471 km bituminous, 27,030 km gravel or improved earth, 8,690 km unimproved earth 218 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 VIETNAM/WALLIS AND FUTUNA/WESTERN SAHARA Inland waterways: about 17,072 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8-m draft Ports: 9 major, 23 minor Civil air: military controlled Airfields: 172 total, 139 usable; 59 with surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES permanent- m, 18 with Supply: dependent on the U.S.S.R., Eastern European Communist countries, and the PRC for virtually all new equipment; produces negligible quantities of infantry weapons, ammunition and explosive devices (Vietnam possesses a huge inventory of U.S.-manufactured weapons and equipment captured from the RVN) Military budget: no expenditure estimates are available; military aid from the U.S.S.R. and PRC has been so extensive that actual allocation of Vietnam's domestic resources to defense has not been indicative of total military effort NOTE: VN figures preliminary WALLIS AND FUTUNA GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Matu Utu Political subdivisions: 3 districts Branches: territorial assembly of 20 members; popular election of one one Senator deputy to National Assembly in Paris, and Government leader: Superior Agostini Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years ~? o FIJI, 0 WALLIS AND FUTUNA WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) LAND About 207 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 129 km PEOPLE Population: 9,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun-Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islander; adjective-Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islanders Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Polynesian Religion: largely Roman Catholic Atlantic Ocean ECONOMY Agriculture: dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas Exports: negligible Imports: $1.4 million (1972); largely foodstuffs and some equipment associated with development programs Monetary conversion rate: 70 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 100 km of improved road on Uvea Island (1972) Ports: 2 minor Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: 85 telephones (0.9 per 100 pop].) DEFENSE No formal defense structure; no regular Armed Forces CANARY ISLANDS WESTERN SAHARA MA Itt IIA LAND 266,770 km2, nearly all desert Land boundaries: 2,086 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WESTERN SAHARA/WESTERN SAMOA WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,110 km PEOPLE Population: 75,000 (census of 1974) Nationality: noun-Saharan(s); adjective-Saharan Ethnic divisions: Arab, Berber, and Negro nomads Religion: Muslim Language: Hassaniya Arabic Literacy: among Spanish, probably nearly 100%; among nomads, perhaps 5% Labor force: 12,000; 50% animal husbandry and subsist- ence farming, 50% other Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Type: legal status of territory and question of sovereignty unresolved; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring the Northern two-thirds including the rich phosphate reserves at Bu Craa; both countries have established political adminis- tration within their own zones of influence; the line of partition begins at a point on the coast where the Atlantic Ocean intersects the 24th parallel, and extends in a southeasterly direction to the point where the 23d parallel intersects the 13th meridian ECONOMY Agriculture: practically none; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces Major industries: phosphate mining, fishing, and handicrafts Shortages: water Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1975); 9 million kWh produced (1975), 84 kWh per capita Exports: in 1975, up to $75 million in phosphates, all other exports valued at under $1 million Imports: $1,443,000 (1968); fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs Major trade partners: monetary trade largely with Spain and Spanish possessions Aid: small amounts from Spain in prior years Monetary conversion rate: see Moroccan and Mauritan- ian currencies COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,100 km total; 500 km bituminous treated, 5,600 km unimproved earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (El Aaiun, Villa Cisneros), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 11 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph poor; 1,000 telephones (0.7 per 100 pop1.); 2 AM, no FM, 5 TV stations WESTERN SAMOA ? WESTERN ? SAMOA LAND 2,849 km2; comprised of 2 large islands of Savai'i and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manono and Apolima; 65% forested, 24% cultivated, 11% industry, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 403 km PEOPLE Population: 155,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.0% (1-76 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Western Samoan(s); adjective-West- ern Samoa Ethnic divisions: Polynesians, about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood), 700 Europeans Religion: 99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society) Language: Samoan (Polynesian), English Literacy: 85%-90% (education compulsory for all children from 7-15 years) Labor force: agriculture 19,148; mining and manufactur- ing 1,716 (1961) Organized labor: unorganized 220 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Independent State of Western Samoa Type: constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand Capital: Apia Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 1 January Branches: Head of State and Executive Council; Legisla- tive Assembly; Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, village courts Government leaders: Head of State, Malietoa Tanumafili II; Prime Minister, Tupuola Efi Suffrage: 45 Samoan members of Legislative Assembly are elected by holders of matai (heads of family) titles (about 5,000); 2 European members are elected by universal adult suffrage Elections: held triennially, last in February 1976 Political parties and leaders: no clearly defined political party structure Communists: unknown Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, IFC, IMF, U.N., WHO ECONOMY GNP: $45 million (1974), $290 per capita Agriculture: cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconut, bananas, taro, and yams Electric power: 9,000 kW capacity (1977); 27 million kWh produced (1977), 180 kWh per capita Exports: $15 million (f.o.b., 1977); copra 38%, cocoa 26%, timber 3% Imports: $38 million (c.i.f., 1977); food, manufactured goods, machinery Major trade partners: exports-37% New Zealand, 7% Netherlands, 36% West Germany, 8% U.S.; imports-28% New Zealand, 20% Australia, 15% Japan, 13% U.S. Aid: New Zealand, $7 million (est. 1972-76) Budget: 1976 est., revenues and grants $34 million, expenditures $46 million Monetary conversion rate: WS Tala=US$1.3391 (Janu- ary 1978), 0.75 WS Tala=US$1 Major industries: timber, tourism COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 784 km total; 375 km bituminous, remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 principal (Apia), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, all usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 3,300 telephones (2.2 per 100 pop,.); 20,000 radio receivers; 2 AM stations YEMEN (ADEN) LAND 287,490 km'; (border with Saudi Arabia undefined); only about 1% arable (of which less than 25% cultivated) Land boundaries: 1,802 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") PEOPLE Population: 1,851,000, excluding the islands of Perim and Kamaran for which no data are available (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.0% (5-73 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective-Yemeni Ethnic divisions: almost all Arabs; a few Indians, Somalis, and Europeans in Aden Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: probably no higher than 10%; Aden 35% (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Type: republic; power centered in ruling Unified National Front Party Capital: Aden; Madinat ash Sha'b, administrative capital Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 YEMEN (ADEN)/YEMEN (SANA) Legal system: based on Islamic law (for personal matters) and English common law (for commercial matters); highest judicial organ, Federal High Court, interprets constitution and determines disputes between states National holiday: 14 October Branches: Presidential Council; cabinet; Supreme Peo- ple's Council Government leaders: Chairman of Presidential Council, Salim Rubayyi Ali; Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammed al-Hasani; NF Secretary General Abd Al-Fattah Ismail Suffrage: granted by constitution to all citizens 18 and over Elections: elections for legislative body, Supreme People's Council, called for in constitution; none have been held Political parties and leaders: Unified National Front (NF), the only legal party, is coalition of National Front, Baath, and Communist parties Communists: unknown number Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $490 million (1976 est.), $280 per capita Agriculture (all outside Aden): cotton is main cash crop; cereals, dates, kat (qat), coffee, and livestock are raised and there is a growing fishing industry; large amount of food must be imported (particularly for Aden); cotton, hides, skins, dried and salted fish are exported Major industries: petroleum refinery (production 150,000 b/d) mid-1971; capacity 178,000 b/d at Little Aden operates on imported crude; oil exploration activity Electric power: 95,000 kW capacity (1977); 210 million kWh produced (1977), 115 kWh per capita Exports: $36 million (1976 provisional), excluding petro- leum products but including re-exports Imports: $274 million (1976 provisional) Major trade partners: Yemen, East Africa, but some cement and sugar imported from Communist countries; crude oil imported from Persian Gulf, exported mainly to U.K. and Japan Budget: (FY1974-75, est.)-revenues $42 million, expen- ditures $75 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 S. Yemeni dinar=US$2.90 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,311 km total; 322 km bituminous treated, 290 km crushed stone and gravel, 4,699 km motorable track Ports: 1 major (Aden) Pipelines: refined products, 32 km Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 94 total, 56 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 31 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: small system of open-wire line, multiconductor cable, and radiocommunications stations; only center Aden; 9,900 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM and 3 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 422,000; 233,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $58,000,000; about 16% of central government budget YEMEN (SANA) Red = YE N Arabian Indian Ocean LAND 194,250 km2 (parts of border with Saudi Arabia and Southern Yemen undefined); 20% agricultural, 1% forested, 79% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,528 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 523 km PEOPLE Population: 5,031,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 1.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective-Yemeni Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Arab (mixed) Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: almost entirely agriculture and herding 222 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Yemen Arab Republic Type: republic; military regime assumed 1974 Capital: Sana Political subdivisions: 8 provinces YEMEN (SANA)/YUGOSLAVIA Monetary conversion rate: 1 Yemeni rial=US$0.22 as of October 1973 Legal system: based on Turkish law, Islamic local customary law; first constitution December 1970, suspended June 1974; has compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Proclamation September Branches: Military Command cabinet; People's Assembly law, and promulgated Government leaders: Head of Military Command Coun- cil, Lt. Col. Ahmad Ghashmi; Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Ghani Communists: small number Political parties or pressure groups: Yemeni Union, a small inactive government party formed in February 1973; conservative tribal groups, some Muslim Brotherhood followers, leftist sentiment represented by pro-Iraqi Baath- ists, Nasirists, small clandestine groups supported by Yemen (Aden) Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1,600 million (1976 est.), $240 per capita Agriculture: sorghum and millet, qat (a mild narcotic), cotton, coffee, fruits and vegetables; largely self-sufficient in food Major industries: cotton textiles and leather goods produced on a small scale; handicraft and some fishing; small aluminum products factory Electric power: 48,590 kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $15 million (1976 est.); qat, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables Imports: $475 million (1976 est.); textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, and cement Major trade partners: China, Yemen (Aden), U.S.S.R., Japan, U.K., Australia, Saudi Arabia Aid: bilateral pledges received-$167 million 1974, multilateral-$36 million through 1972, $170 million drawn through 1970; major donors include U.S.S.R., China, U.S., West Germany, Saudi Arabia; military-$114 million from U.S.S.R.; $37 million from Eastern Europe; $7 million Western military aid through 1973 Budget: (1974/75 est.) $711 million expenditures Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,477 km total; 467 km bituminous; 435 km crushed stone and gravel; 2,575 km earth, sand, and light gravel Ports: 1 major (Al Hudaydah), 2 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased in) Airfields: 27 total, 15 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system inadequate; consists of meager open-wire lines and low-power radiocommunication stations; principal center Sana, secondary centers Al Hudaydah and Taizz; 4,600 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, no FM, 1 TV station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,622,000; 895,000 fit for military service; about 72,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $50,402,000; 54.6% of central government budget YUGOSLAVIA LAND 255,892 km2; 32% arable, 25% meadows and pastures, 34% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,001 km Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 10 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,414 km (offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 21,973,000 (July growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Yugoslav(s); adjective-Yugoslav Ethnic divisions: 39.7% Serb, 22.1% Croat, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovene, 5.8% Macedonian, 2.5% Montenegrin, 6.4% Albanian, 2.3% Hungarian, 4.6% other (1971 census) Religion: 41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Roman Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census) Language: Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian, nian, Hungarian, and Italian Literacy: 80.3% (1961) Labor force: 9.2 million (1976); 36% agriculture, 20% mining and manufacturing, 44% other nonagricultural activities; estimated unemployment averaged 5% of domes- tic labor force in 1976 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Type: Communist state, federal republic in form Capital: Belgrade Political subdivisions: 6 republics with 2 autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia) Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 29 November Branches: parliament (Federal Assembly) constitutionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Tito presides as President of the Republic Government leader: Josip Broz Tito, President of Republic and President of League of Communists of Yugoslavia Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Federal Assembly elected every complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are President Tito and influential presidium members Edvard Kardelj, Vladimir Bakaric, and Stane Dolanc Communists: 1,629,082 party members (December 1977) . Other political or pressure groups: Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of 't'rade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR) Member of: ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), EC (5-year non-preferential trade agreement signed in May 1973 currently being renegoti- ated), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OECD (participant in some activities), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $48.0 billion (1977 est., at 1977 prices), $2,195 per capita; real growth rate 5.7% (1971-77) Agriculture: diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds; caloric intake, 3,539 calories per day per capita (1975) Major industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment, oil refining, chemicals, textiles, wood processing, food processing Shortages: electricity, fuels, steel Crude steel: 3.2 million metric tons produced (1977), 146 kg per capita Electric power: 10,800,000 kW capacity (1977); 48.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,225 kWh per capita Exports: $5.25 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 32% machinery and equipment; 23% intermediate goods; 45% other Imports: $9.63 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 23% raw materials, fuels; 35% machinery and equipment; 18% intermediate goods; 24% other goods Major trade partners: 67% non-Communist countries (6% U.S., 44% other developed Western countries), 35% Commu- nist countries Aid: Yugoslav outstanding external debt (medium/long- term) end 1976, $7 billion, of which $2.7 billion official, largely non-Communist (U.S. $350 million, FRG $400 million, U.S.S.R. $200 million, IBRD $560 million end 1975); Yugoslavia has extended aid totalling about $1.2 billion (outstanding in 1976) to developing countries, largely since the late 1960's Monetary conversion rate: (official) 17.0 new dinars= US$1 Fiscal year: same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9,967 km total; 9,619 km standard gage (1.435 m), 348 km narrow gage; 793 double track; 2,649 km electrified (1976) 224 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 YUGOSLAVIA /ZAIRE Highways: 101,607 km total; 41,018 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 35,980 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 24,609 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 2,001 km (1977) Freight carried: rail-73.7 million metric tons, 21.0 billion metric ton/km (1976); highway-84.1 million metric tons, 11.2 billion metric ton/km (1976); waterway-29.0 million metric tons, 7.7 billion metric ton/km (incl. int'l. transit traffic) in approximately 1,225 waterway craft with 703,600 metric ton capacity Pipelines: 623 km crude oil; 1,860 km natural gas Ports: 9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor (1978) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 42.7 billion dinars; about 4.7% of Gross Social Product (Yugoslavia's measure of production) Atlantic Ocean ZAIRE Kinshasa LAND 2,343,950 km2; 22% agricultural land (1% cultivated), 45% forested, 33% other Land boundaries: 9,902 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 37 km PEOPLE Population: 27,080,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Zairian(s); adjective-Zairian Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes-Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religion: 51% Christian, 45% animist, 4% other Language: French, English, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Chiluba are all classified as official languages Literacy: 5% fluent in French, about 35% have an acquaintance with French Labor force: about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zaire (until October 1971 known as Democratic Republic of the Congo) Type: republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system Capital: Kinshasa Political subdivisions: 8 regions and federal district of Kinshasa Legal system: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; new constitution promulgated 1967, revised 1974; legal education at National University of Zaire; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 30 June Branches: president elected 1970 for seven-year term limited to two five-year terms, thereafter; National Legisla- tive Council of 210 members elected for five-year term; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leader: Lt. Gen. Mobutu Sese Seko, President Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: presidential and legislative elections in October and November 1970; elections for urban zone councils, legislative council, and political bureau of sole political party held in October 1977 Political parties and leaders: Mouvement Populaire de la Revolution (MPR), only legal party, organized from above Voting strength: MPR slate polled 96.3% of vote in 1970 elections Communists: no Communist Party; U.S.S.R. and Peoples Republic of China have diplomatic missions in Zaire Member of: AFDB, APC, CIPEC, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.59 billion (1976 prices), $100 per capita; 3% annual growth 1970-76 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, palm oil, rubber; main food crops-manioc, bananas, root crops, corn; some provinces self-sufficient Fishing: catch 124,580 metric tons (1975); imports $38 million (1974) Major industries: mining, mineral processing, light industries Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Electric power: 1,597,500 kW capacity (1977); 5.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 190 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977 projected); copper, cobalt, diamonds, other minerals, coffee Imports: $1 billion (f.o.b., 1977 projected); consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels Major trade partners: Belgium, U.S., and West Germany Aid: economic-U.S. (FY61-76), $488 million; (1971 estimated disbursements) Belgium, $31.4 million; France, $6.6 million; other bilateral aid $5.4 million; U.N., $9.4 million; EC, $18.9 million; China (1973), $100 million; military-U.S., $90 million (FY62-76); IMF, $155 million (1976) Budget: 1977 proposed-revenue, 770 million; expendi- tures, $976 million Monetary conversion rate: I zaire=US$1.17 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,149 km total; 3,870 km 1.067-meter gage (851 km electrified), 126 km meter gage (1.00 m); 136 km 0.610-meter gage, 1,017 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 145,000 km total; 2,000 km bituminous, 66,000 km improved earth; 77,000 km unimproved Inland waterways: comprising the Zaire, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes, the waterway system affords over 15,000 km of navigable routes Ports: 2 major (Matadi, Boma), 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 740 km Civil air: 43 major transport aircraft Airfields: 337 total, 281 usable; 23 with permanent-sur- face runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 61 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited, barely adequate telephone service, telegraph service good; 28,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 12 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; I Atlantic Ocean satellite station; domestic Comsat network DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,291,000; 3,149,000 fit for military service LAND 745,920 km2; 5% under cultivation, 5% arable, 10% grazing, 13% dense forest, 6% marsh, 61% scattered trees and grassland Land boundaries: 6,003 km PEOPLE Population: 5,471,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 3.2% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Zambian(s); adjective-Zambian Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, 1.1% European, 0.2% other Religion: 82% animist, about 17% Christian, and under 1% Hindu and Muslim Language: English official; wide variety of indigenous languages Literacy: 28% Labor force: 402,000 wage earners; 375,000 Africans, 27,000 non-Africans; 15% mining, 9% agriculture, 9% domestic service, 19% construction, 9% commerce, 10% manufacturing, 23% government and miscellaneous services, 6% transport Organized labor: 100,000 wage earners, primarily in industrial sector, are unionized (early 1968) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zambia Type: republic since October 1964 Capital: Lusaka Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; legal education at University of Zambia in Lusaka; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 24 October Branches: modified presidential system; unicameral legis- lative; judiciary Government leaders: President Kenneth Kaunda; Prime Minister Mainza Chona Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general election scheduled for 1978 Political parties and leaders: United National Independ- ence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when 1 party state proclaimed Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Voting strength (1973 election): in first presidential and parliamentary elections under single-party system, 43% of eligible voters went to polls; Kaunda was only candidate for President; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP Communists: no Communist Party, but sympathizers of socialism in upper levels of government, UNIP, and labor unions Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2 billion (1977 est.), $420 per capita; real annual growth rate, 2.1% (1971-76); negative in 1977 Agriculture: main crops-corn, tobacco, cotton; net importer of most major agricultural products Major industries: copper mining and processing Electric power: 1,563,400 kW capacity (1977); 7.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,340 kWh per capita Exports: $900 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); copper (92%), zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco Imports: $680 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures Major trade partners: EEC, Japan, China, South Africa Aid: economic-China (1967-76), $331 million; U.K. (1964-67), $63 million; IBRD (1965-75), $432 million; U.S. (FY53-76), $36 million; U.S.S.R., $9 million; Eastern Europe, $50 million; military-$14 million (1964-76), mainly U.K. and Canada; $18 million, Communist Budget: 1976 est.-revenue $510 million, expenditures $665 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Zambia kwacha=US$1.12 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,014 km, all narrow gage (1.067 m); 13 km double track Highways: 34,869 km total; 4,456 km paved, 2,853 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 4,660 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,250 km including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Kariba, Lake Bangweulu, Lake Tanganyika; principal port on Lake Tanganyika is Mpulungu (of only local importance) Pipelines: 724 km crude oil Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 172 total, 165 usable; 14 with permanent-sur- face runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities being modernized and expanded; high-capacity wire and radio relay connect centers of Kitwe in northern mining region and Lusaka along axial north-south route; 77,400 telephones; (1.7 per 100 pop,.); 4 AM, 1 FM, and 3 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,160,000; 603,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $79 million; 12.9% of central government budget UNITED STATES This "Factsheet" on the U.S. is provided solely as a service to those wishing to make rough comparisons of foreign country data with a U.S. "yardstick." Information is from U.S. open sources and publications and in no sense represents estimates by the U.S. intelligence community. LAND 9,363,396 km2 (contiguous U.S. plus Alaska and Hawaii); 19% cultivated, 27% grazing and pasture, 32% forested, 22% waste, urban, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 19,924 km PEOPLE Population: 218,437,000 (July 1978), average annual growth rate 0.8% (current) Ethnic divisions: 86.5% white, 11.7% black, 1.9% other Religion: total membership in religious bodies, 129,714,000; Protestant 69,743,000, Roman Catholic 48,882,000, Jewish 6,115,000, other religions 4,973,000 (1975) Language: English, predominantly Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 96.9 million, unemployment 7.7% (1976) Organized labor: 20.1% of total (1976 prelim.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: United States of America Legal system: based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 4 July Voting strength (1976 presidential election): Democratic Party (Carter), 40,829,000 (50.1%); Republican Party (Ford), 39,146,000 (48%); minor parties, 1,578,000 (preliminary figures) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Communists: party membership, 10,000-11,000 (est.); General Secretary, Gus Hall Member of: ADB, ANZUS, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,691.6 billion (1976); 64% private consumption, 13.5% private investment, 21% government; $7,860 per capita; 1976 growth rate, 10.2% Fishing: catch 2.8 million metric tons (1975); imports $1,381 million, (1975); exports $298 million, (1975) Crude steel: 116.1 million metric tons produced (1976), 540 kg per capita Electric power: 557,012,300 kW capacity (1977); 2 trillion kWh produced (1977), 9,750 kWh per capita est. Exports: $114.8 billion (f.o.b., 1976); machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, cereals, mineral fuels Imports: $129.6 billion (c.i.f., 1976); transport equipment, machinery, mineral fuels, steel, nonferrous metals, metal ores Major trade partners: 22% Canada, 8% Japan, 5% West Germany, 5% U.K. (1975) Official development assistance (aid): obligations and loan authorizations (FY76), economic $3.9 billion, military $2.7 billion Budget: National Accounts Basis, expenditures billion, revenues $287.6 billion Fiscal year: I October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277,686 km (1973) Highways: 6,059,200 km (1972) Inland waterways: 40,416 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes; freight carried 951 million short tons (1970) Pipelines: petroleum, 279,966 Ports: 25 major Merchant marine: 600 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,982,730 GRT, 14,722,666 DWT; includes 3 passenger, 5 short-sea passenger, 163 cargo, 119 container, 14 roll-on/ roll-off cargo, 234 tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 17 bulk, 2 combination ore/oil, 23 LASH Seebee and barge carriers, 19 specialized carriers; in addition there are 178 ships in reserve fleet Civil air: 2,716 major transport Airfields: 15,257 (1976) Telecommunications: 155 million telephones (7.8 tele- phones per 100 popl.); 4,500 AM, 3,600 FM, and 985 TV broadcast stations; 436 million radio and 133 million TV receivers (1977) DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: army 1,133,000, navy and marines 1,029,000, air force 827,000 (1976) Military budget: $100.1 billion (1977) 228 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010006-2 U.S.S. . 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NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK