IRON IMPORTS CONTINUE TO FEED THE FIRE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000100080002-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 16, 2004
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: July 1, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

1964
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
A3613
Iron Imports Continue To Feed the Fire New Wheat Program Adds Half Billion fall there was widespread discussion of
the prospects for Congress enacting a
of Unemployment Dollars to Income of Producers new wheat law that would add to the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GEORGE HUDDLESTON, JR.
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. Speaker, pig
iron and cast iron soil pipe imports con-
tinue to feed the fire of unemployment
and ever-decreasing workloads in one
of our basic American industries. Many
of our plants in iron and steel areas are
now working far below capacity. It just
does not make sense for us to allow pig
iron and cast iron soil pipe imports to
come flooding in when so many of our
hard-hit areas are suffering from lack of
orders.
This situation in the first quarter of
this year has become increasingly worse
as compared with the first quarter of
1963. To support this contention and to
further point out the factors contribut-
ing to this already deplorable situation, I
submit herewith substantiating figures
derived from U.S. Department of Com-
merce statistics :
1st
1st
Change,
pig iron imports by
quarter,
quarter,
1964
customs district
1964
1963
versus
1963
Atlantic oast_____________
33,414
17,684
Percent
+88.9
Gulf coast ------------------
32,217
10,259
+214.0
West coast ----------------
2,718
7,032
-61.3
Canadian border and in-
land---------------------
16,200
11,464
+41.3
Offshore. ----------------- __
348
248
+39.5
Total pig iron im-
ports--------------
84,895
46,439
+82.8
Mr. Speaker, the dollar value of pig
iron imports for the first quarter of 1964
totaled $3,352,618 versus $1,942,561 for
the same period in 1963, or an increase
of 73 percent, or $1,410,057. Pig iron ex-
ports for the same period totaled $421,-
4.61 in 1964 versus $1,191,510 for 1963,
or a decrease of 65 percent, or $770,049 in
1964. The total outflow of dollars for
pig iron imports and the decrease in dol-
lars for exports represent an increase in
dollar loss to the United States of $2,-
180,106 for the first quarter of 1964 over
1963.
Cast iron soil pipe imports,
by customs district
1st
quarter,
1964
1st
quarter,
1963
Change,
1964
versus
1963
Percent
Atlantic coast_____________
1
2, 502
3, 323
-24.7
Gulf coast ---------- _______
527
87
+505.7
West coast ________________
6,910
4,225
+63.5
Offshore-------------------
120
320
-62.5
Total cast iron soil
pipe Imports......
+26.4
Mr. Speaker, in 1964 the dollar value
of,t?le above pipeimports was $1,114,978;
In Ig6, X821,243, or an increase of 36
percent. As a matter of information,
cast iron pressure pipe imports are no
longer identified.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HAROLD D. COOLEY
OF NORTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, misun-
derstandings and some confusion have
developed in the operation of the new
voluntary certificate wheat program.
Some wheatgrowers are,raising ques-
tions concerning the market price of
wheat and the income of wheatgrowers
under the program which is effective for
the 1964 crop. Some of the questions and
statements imply that the new program
imposes a tax against wheat and that
the market price is lower as a result.
Other questions indicate the wheat-
growers are being given misleading in-
formation-or information far from the
facts. Some growers are complaining
forts to hold down production.
Immediately after the May 1963 ref-
erendum, bills were introduced in the
Congress proposing new wheat programs.
The first bill embracing a voluntary cer-
tificate program was introduced on July
29. As early as December 11, the Wheat
Subcommittee of the House Committee
on Agriculture, headed by Hon. GRAHAM
PURCELL, held public hearings to survey
the thinking among wheat producers,
and the public generally, on a new pro-
gram.
Farmers were aware of the possibili-
ties of new legislation.
Mr. Speaker, the prevention of a dis-
astrous drop in wheat prices and in the
purchasing power of wheatgrowers was
the basic reason for enactment of the
new wheat legislation that became law
last April 11. This is what the new
wheat program is doing for farmers:
First. The farmer who exceeds his
wheat allotment and even the one who
is growing wheat from fence to fence, is
not subject to marketing quota penal-
ties. He can sell his wheat without any
interference whatever and whenever he
wants to, just as he would have done
had Congress not enacted the new vol-
untary program. In fact, because so
many others growers are producing
within their allotments and the loan
rate has been increased 4 cents a bushel,
his market should be about 4 cents a
bushel higher than it would have been
without the new program.
Second. The average loan level for
wheat produced in 1964 was increased
from $1.26 a bushel to $1.30. These
price support loans are available to
farmers who are within their allotments.
Third. Farmers participating in the
voluntary program will receive, in addi-
tion, certificates valued at 70 cents a
bushel on 45 percent of the normal pro-
duction of the farm allotment, and cer-
tificates valued at 25 cents a bushel on
another 45 percent of their normal pro-
duction. Thus, when the value of the
certificates is added to the price-support
loan the wheat for domestic food will
return the participating producers on
the average $2 a bushel, and the wheat
going into export will return to the pro-
ducers $1.55 a bushel.
Fourth. Moreover, farmers who actu-
ally have taken acreage out of wheat
production are receiving diversion pay-
ments, based upon normal yields.
In summary, this is the present situa-
tion:
Noncomplying farmers: There has
been only one change, which is an im-
provement in their market by a 4 cents
a bushel increase in the price-support
that they did not know when they seeded
their wheat last fall that those farmers
planting within their production allot-,
ments would receive substantially higher
income than those who did not comply
with their allotments.
Mr. Speaker, the new voluntary wheat
program takes not one cent away from
any wheat producer, and adds substan-
tially to the income of those farmers who
are cooperating in this program to hold
down surplus and wasteful output of this
food grain.
The fact is that even farmers who are
not cooperating in the voluntary pro-
gram are profiting by its operation.
in the May 1963 referendum wheat
farmers rejected the marketing quota
certificate program offered to them. if
two-thirds of the producers had approved
this marketing quota approach, all pro-
ducers would have complied with pro-
duction adjustments to prevent market
gluts and wasteful surpluses, and all pro-
ducers would have received substantial
price supports through Commodity
Credit Corporation loans and through
certificates adding to their income.
But this program was disapproved, and
this left in force only the law already on
the books which provided a price sup-
port for the 1964 crop of wheat at 50
percent of parity, or about $1.25 or $1.26
a bushel, with'the only growers receiving
such support being those who stayed
within their farm wheat allotments.
The situation threatened disaster for
the wheat country. Wheat producers
confronted a reduction in their 1964
income of over a half a billion dollars,
as compared with 1963, when the wheat
rerun was supported at 82.6 percent of
Congress could not permit such a ca- in the overall wheat supply by those who
tastrophe to befall the wheat country. are participatIng in the program.
Not only the income of wheat farmers Cooperating farmers: Those who are
would be slashed, but the well-being of complying with the production adjust-
hundreds of towns and cities in wheat ment features of the voluntary program
States and the Nation's general economy are receiving in 1964 around half a bil-
were involved. lion dollars more in income than would
When wheat was being planted last have been the case had not Congress
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 A3614
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
enacted the voluntary wheat certiScate
program.
Mr. Speaker, of course, ink, new pro-
gram so vast, there will be some errors
in administration. I am cosident that
the county ASCS committees and the
Program administrators .,1n Washington
Will promptly correct such errors as they
are brought to their atenton,
The main thing to renlener, in ap-
praising this new programme is that it
placed no penalty whatever -against the
marketing of wheat by those farmers
who are not complying with the program,
and it increases substantially the income
of those farmers who hltve cooperated
by not exceeding their farm .allotments.
Mr. Speaker, I hope that farmers will
not be misled by some people who already
are trying to destroy this program, as
they destroyed the old Wheat program
Which worked for so lope and so well
14 the past. The new program wags en-
$s?eted entirely for the our-,Pose of improv-
ing the income of wheat prod cers, which
iti turn will maintain business stability
it hundreds of towns and cities in the
heat country, and in the economy gen-
ally.
K Mr. Speaker, I, today, i issued a press
statement pertinent to these remarks.
This press release follows:
C OOLEY EMPHASIZES FARMER, PRO-FITS IN Naw
WHEAT PROGR LM
Chairman HAROLD D. CookEY 2f the House
Committee on Agriculture said today the
new voluntary wheat progyram "takes not
d 4e cent away from any wheat producer,
altd adds substantially to the income of
~ose farmers who are coopersting in this
ogram to hold down sure us %nd wasteful
ti itputof this food grain."
, Mr. COOLEY made the s ateWent in re-
sponse to numerous inqu ieiL, about the
d,eration of the voluntary certificate pro-
gram effective for the 1964,whee,t crop.
"'Some wheat growers are raising ques-
t ons concerning the market price of wheat
A ld the income of wheat ro wers under the
now wheat program," he sa fit. 'Some of the
tiestions and statements-,,imp that the
rtw wheat program imposes atax against
Wheat and that the market price is lower
a$ a result. Other questions Indicate the
meat growers are being given misleading
ormation-or information far from the
ts."
The fact is, he pointed opt, even farmers
who are not cooperating in the voluntary
program are profiting by Its operation.
11-With the disapproval of. marketing
quotas in the May 1963 referendum," Mr.
?AsoLEY said, "the law required t4-at the price
support for the 1964 crop pf wheat be re-
dkced to 50 percent of parity, or an indl-
%ted support of $1.25 or $1;26 a,bushel, and
e only growers receiving such support
would be those who stayed within their
form wheat allotments.
"The prevention of a disastrous drop in
'seat prices and in the purchasing power
of wheat growers was the basic reason for
the new Wheat legislation that became law
14
t April 11. This is what the new wheat
ptogram is doing for farmers :
1. The farmer who exceeds, his wheat
allotment and even the one whq is 'growing
Wheat from fence to fence,' is not subject
td marketing quota penalties. Re can sell
his wheat without any interference wher-
ever and whenever he want to,, just as he
vituld have done had Congress pot enacted
tie new voluntary wheat program. In fact,
ause so many other growers are produe-
i' within their allotments anal the loan
rate has been increased 4 .Cents a bushel,
his market should be about 4 cents a bushel
higher than it would have been without
the new program.
"2. The average loan level for wheat pro-
duced in 1964 was increased from $1.26 a
bushel to $1.30. These price-support loans
are available to farmers who are within their
allotments.
"3. Farmers participating in the voluntary
program will receive, in addition, certificates
valued at 70 cents a bushel on 45 percent of
the normal production of the farm allotment,
and certificates valued at 25 cents a bushel
on another 45 percent of their normal pro-
duction. Thus, when the value of the cer-
tificate is added to the price-support loan
the wheat for domestic food will return the
participating producers on the average $2 a
bushel, and the wheat going into export will
return the producers $1.55 a bushel.
"4. Moreover, farmers who actually have
taken acreage out of wheat production are
receiving diversion payments, based upon
normal yields.
"In summary, this is the situation:
"Noncomplying' farmers There has been
only one change, which is an improvement in
their market by a 4 cents a bushel increase
in the price-support loans to compliers and
by a reduction in the overall wheat supply
by those who are participating in the pro-
gram.
"Cooperating farmers: Those who are
complying with the production adjustment
features of the voluntary program are re-
ceiving In 1964 around half a billion dollars
more in income than would have been the
case had not Congress enacted the voluntary
wheat certificate program."
Mr. CooLEY said that farmer rejection of
the marketing quota certificate program in
the 1963 referendum threatened disaster for
the wheat country, with wheat producers
confronting a reduction of their 1964 income
by over a half a billion dollars.as compared
with 1963.
"Congress could not let such a catastrophe
to befall the wheat country," he said, and
he pointed out that immediately after the
May referendum last year bills were intro-
duced in the Congress proposing new wheat
programs. He emphasized that when the
1964 wheat crop was planted last fall farmers
were aware of the possibilities of new legis-
lation.
"Of course, in a new program so vast," he
said, "there will be some errors in admin-
istration, He voiced confidence that the
county ASCS committees and the program
administrators in Washington would
promptly correct such errors as they are
brought to their attention.
"I hope that farmers will not be misled,"
he said, "by some people who now are trying
to destroy this program, as they destroyed
the old wheat program which worked for so
long and so well in the past. The new pro-
gram was enacted entirely for the purpose
of improving the income of wheat producers,
which in turn will maintain business stabil-
ity in hundreds of towns and cities in the
wheat country, and in the economy gen-
erally."
Burundi Independence Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, Burundi
today celebrates the second anniversary
of her independence. We take this op-
portunity to extend warm felicitations to
His Majesty King Wmambutsa IV: and
to His Excellency the Burundi Ambassa-
dor to the United States, Leon Ndenzako.
Burundi is a small kingdom situated in
the mountains and plateaus which sep-
arate the Nile and Congo River Basins.
Its many rivers, two of which are the
southernmost sources of the Nile, rise in
these mountains to begin their long
twisting journey to the sea. The capital,
Usumbura, which is a bustling city of
50,000 inhabitants, overlooks Lake Tan-
ganyika, the longest fresh-water lake in
the world. Most of the trade between
this landlocked country and the,outside
world travels down this body of water to
be taken either to Atlantic or Indian
Ocean ports.
Three different ethnic groups in Bur-
undi live harmoniously together. A
small number of pygmies remain, while
the overwhelming number are Hutus,
who from 85 percent of,the population.
These industrious people have tradition-
ally been farmers, an occupation that
most in Burundi still follow. Since the
fifteenth century, their overlords have
been the Tutsi, a nomadic, pastoral
people of Hamitic origins who migrated
to this area from Ethiopia.
European influence came late to this
land which is nestled far from the
oceans. Visits by the great explorers,
Speke, Stanley and Livingstone, were
soon followed by those of Germans and
in the 1880's Germany was given con-
trol of Burundi. This rule lasted until
World War I when Belgian troops oc-
cupied the country for the Allies. Under
their rule, health measures, schools and
new crops were introduced, as well as
other improvements.
With Belgian preparations for inde-
pendence, Burundi has enjoyed a stable
government since its independence, The
Mwami, or leader of the Tutsi, heads the
government, while a national assembly
is elected by direct universal suffrage
from among the competing political
parties.
On this second. anniversary of Burundi
independence, we send our best wishes
to the Burundi people and their govern-
ment and look forward to watching them
solve the many problems that have and
will face them as they grow within the
To Amend the Immigration Laws
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF,
HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, with
leave to extend my remarks, I wish to in-
clude in the RECORD my statement before
the Subcommittee on Immigration and
Nationality of the House Committee on
the Judiciary, in support of H.R. 10990. I
have introduced this bill, anTm y 1' add
that other Members have introduced
similar bills, for the purpose of effecting
a much-needed revision of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act.
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3615
My statement follows : existing laws, may be admitted as nonquota small measure of protection to the in-
STATEMENT Or HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN, immigrants. dependent merchant. The pressures
DEMOCRAT, OF CONNECTICUT, BEFORE THE There are several significant changes in against it have been strong. They have
SUBCOMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND NA- the preference system. Further latitude is been constructed on slogans and false
TIONALITY OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE allowed for immigrants with special skills, conclusions.
JUDICIARY IN SUPPORT OF H.R. 10990 or with the ability to perform a job for the
Mr. Chairman and members of the tom- filling of which a shortage exists in the Those slogans have created an answer
United States. Also, in addition to the even before the question is understood.
mittee, I appear today in support of H.R. three existing categories, a new fourth pref- They have completely, it would seem,
10990, the bill which I have introduced to erence is created in favor of the parents buried the real problem facing this Na-
amend the Immigration and Nationality Act, of aliens lawfully admitted for permanent tion today-that problem is the certain
The demands and pressures which existed residence. The process of applying for a
when the basic law was enacted some 40 years preference is simplified as well. Replacing fact that almost 400,000 small businesses
ago have become radically' different. The the existing and often harsh requirement will have failed this year. Many of them
countries which provided the bulk of our that an applicant for a "special skills" have failed and thousands more will
immigrants in times past now barely use the preference submit an affidavit from a U.S. close before the 89th Congress convenes
quotas available to them, while the needs of employer is a provision that allows the because they have had no protection
other countries far exceed their allotted Attorney General to grant the preference from us. Is this fulfillment of Our duty?
number. The subsequent McCarran-Walter upon affidavit from the immigrant, plus any I think not.
Act was at best a patch-up job which has further documentary evidence which the The quality stabilization bill is im-
since proven woefully inadequate. Attorney General, having consulted the
The bill for which I now speak is similar Secretary of Labor, may require. portant because it is the only measure
to that which President Kennedy sponsored To administer our immigration policy, this in Congress offering any protection, any
a year ago. Its passage has likewise been bill provides for the establishment of a hope, to these dying small businesses.
formally urged by President Johnson. The seven-member Immigration Board, three Yet it was "shelved" by the Senate Com-
purpose of the bill is to liberalize the exist- members of which would be appointed by mittee on Commerce without any dis-
ing national origins quota system which has the President, two by the President of the cussion on its merits.
worked such hardship upon members of the Senate, and two by the Speaker of the House. Mr. Speaker, the Alexandria Gazette
families of American citizens who have been The function of this Board would be to
compelled to remain, abroad. It has been study the conditions here and abroad which in this editorial are the story of but
the peoples of Mediterranean and southern bear on our immigration policy. The mem- one store. There are 1,200 such stories
European origin, particularly from Greece, bers would consult with the Secretaries of for the same day. There will be 1,200
Italy, and Portugal, who have suffered most Labor, State, and Defense and would then in more today, and tomorrow. I ask you
under the existing law. A law which permits turn make recommendations to the Presi- all, as I insert this editorial in the CoN-
large numbers of families to remain broken dent and the Attorney General as to the GRESSIONAL RECORD, are we not being
can only work misery on both sides of the allocation of quotas and admissions such as derelict and damned in our sworn duties
ocean. As Mr. CELLER has already pointed will best serve the purposes of this act, to the people we represent?
out, the criterion for admissibility to this A more flexible, up-to-date immigration
country must no longer be "What is your law has long been a necessity. Our Chief The editorial follows:
race or origin," but rather "Who are you and Executive has urged this reform. Our citi- THE CORNER DRUGSTORE PASSES
what can you do for the country in which zens demand it, as evidenced by each day's On Tuesday night one of Alexandria's an-
you have chosen to live?" mail, which brings new pleas from those cient landmarks closes its doors forever, a
H.R. 10990 provides for gradual elimina- suffering from the inequity of the existing casualty of what we have come to accept as
tion of the quota system over a 5-year period, laws. I believe we have a moral obligation) progress. The drugstore of W. F. Creighton
During this period it further provides for 1 to answer their call. ~~JJ at the northwest corner of King and Royal
e soda and
to t
oversubscribed countries. While the mini-
mum number admissible from each country
is raised to 200, the total quota figure for
each country is to be reduced by 20 percent
each year. These places by which the na-
tional totals are reduced are placed in a
"pool," from which admissions are to be
allocated on a first-come, first-served basis
in order of the established preferences.
The issuance of visas is rendered consider-
ably more flexible. Each year foreign citi-
zens seek to visit this country on business or
pleasure. Likewise increasing numbers of
students from abroad want to attend our
universities. The inordinate difficulty which
they now encounter in obtaining visas tends
only to deter qualified foreigners from visit-
ing the United States. Whereas under the
existing law the quotas provide for order of
preference only within each individual coun-
try, my bill will now determine the priority
between nationals of different countries
throughout the world. In addition to this,
the broad discretion to be vested in the
President and in the Immigration Board
allows the free allocation of previously un-
used quotas to applicants from any nation,
so that the basic provision of a 10-percent
maximum monthly allocation of visas does
not prevent the subsequent issuance of visas
which were not used up during a previous
month., The bill further eliminates the
waste of quota numbers by those who apply
for visas and then never apply for admis-
sion, thereby depriving others of the right.
To the same end, quotas may not be used up
by people of nonquota status.
The nonquota status itself is to be ex-
tended to several important groups, includ-
ing parents of U.S. citizens and all.natives
of independent Western Hemisphere coun-
tries. Likewise, at the discretion of the At-
torney General, certain mentally afflicted
members of the immediate family of a U.S.
citizen, barred from admission under the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
OF WASHINGTON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, the lead
.editorial in the Alexandria Gazette for
Monday, June 29, carries a message that
should be of deep concern to the Mem-
bers of this 88th Congress. It is perhaps
significant that the Alexandria Gazette,
established in 1784, is America's oldest
newspaper.
It is far more important to us in Con-
gress, too many of whom have reached
a conclusion before knowing the prob-
lem, to realize that this story of one
independently owned store failure could
have been repeated 1,200 times for 1,200
more closing on that same day.
In this election year we are all of us
hearing of more benefits, protections,
opportunities, and insurances to the in-
dividual than ever before. To hear the
stories without doubt is to believe that
poverty will be obliterated, small busi-
ness will be protected, old folks will live
better, medicines will be for all and
America will be heaven on earth.
During this Congress, many of its
Members-including myself-have been
fighting for passage of a bill to give some
h
Streets, which never
lunch counter or a line of toys or garden and
lawn furniture but has limped along none-
theless, bows to the Inevitable. Its ancient
mahogany fittings, darkened with the patina
of time, may go under the auctioneer's ham-
mer and wind up in a museum, a marvel of
man's handiwork before the advent of stain-
less steel and brilliant plastic. The apothe-
cary jars of many colors will go the same
route or become decorative conversation
pieces in a parlor.
The passing of Creighton's will touch a
nostalgic note in the hearts of many oldsters
as well as remove a neighborhood conven-
ience. It is one in a procession that seems
to mark the demise of the small, neighborly
shopkeeper, powerless in the face of the com-
petition of the mighty chains. In days when
the drugstores close at dusk and send the
suddenly ill to a distant all-night establish-
ment, accessible only by automobile, we
might recall the role played by the corner
apothecary shop in our history.
The oldtime druggist seemed to be a breed
in himself. He had to be a registered phar-
macist, capable of deciphering the scribbled
notes of the doctor, making sure the dosage
was not lethal. He prided himself on his
service to the community. Either he or a
clerk-pharmacist lived on the premises or
one slept in the store. This was essential
in the days before the telephone. One never
knew when the local general practitioner
might be called in the dark of night and
givve a prescription that had to be filled in
greatest haste.
Never was the store closed without a sign
in the door telling where the proprietor could
be found in emergency. The shop often was
a community gathering place. Civic associa-
tions were unnecessary. Views were given
frequently and vehemently down at "dot's,"
a common name for the man behind the pre-
scription counter. When one was ill but not
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A3616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
4priously enough for consulting his physician,
'tdoc" could turn to his shelves and select a
femedy from his line of specifics. Very often
f.t worked.
The passing of the corner drugstore is
more than a symptom of the march of prog-
ress. It also marks the passing of an era
of spontaneous neighborly relations and the
departure of a friendly hand.
How To Make, Things Worse Than They
Really Are
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
OF NEW YOI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July i, 1964
Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, in today's New York Times,
James Reston discusses the politics of
Vietnam as It relates to the politics, of
the 1964 presidential election. He
doesn't say so, but implied in the article
IS the fact that we no logger have a bi-
partisan foreign policy in this country.
Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend
my remarks in the RECOIip, I include this
article:
33ow To MAKE THINGS WORSE THAN THEY
REALLY ARE
(By James Reston)
WASHINGTON, June 30.-The first major
foreign policy issue of the election campaign
Is developing over Vietnam, and it illustrates
tie dangers of letting campaign rhetoric In-
fluence fundamental decisions on peace and
War.
The Republicans are insisting quite rightly,
sat Vietnam is a proper subject for criticism
laid debate between the parties but they are
so insisting that the policy of the United
States in that country must be to achieve
vital victory.
The Johnson administration Is less 'ad-
venturesome. Its stated aim there is "to pre-
vent a Communist victory," but lately, under
the pressure of events in Saigon and of poll-
t1 s here, it has been talking rather more
boldly about "winning" the war there, and
secretary of State Rusk has. even gone as far
as to suggest that the defense of Vietnam
10 as vital to the security of the United States
the defense of Berlin and West Germany.
FRANCE'S AGONY
Before we confuse what is good politics
With what is good policy or even good sense,
maybe we should take a look at the history
of that melancholy peninsula. The French
Were in control there for 70 gears, except dur-,
ing the Japanese occupation during World
{_ar II.
They finally gave up and left ,rust 10 years
fto this coming month, at 0340 Geneva time,
sly 21, 1954, to be exact. They were not
merely "advising" the anti-Communist Viet-
siemese against Ho Chi Minh's Communist
'etminh guerrillas. They had 400,000 of
their best troops directly involved in the
struggle and they were beaten, though even
'foie French received considerable aid from
t31e United States in the last years of the
struggle.
Over a period of 8 years that war cost
Pgtance 172,000 casualties. The Vietminh lost
9 quarter of a million. Economically, from
15 to 1955, France lost 1Q times the total
v lue of its vast investments in that coun-
t and as Bernard B. Fall reports in "Two
1 etnams." "The French Army came out ,,of
the war a gaunt ghost of its former self, the
cream of its regular officers dead and crip-
pled, the rest of them embittered."
It is true that conditions there are not the
same,- The United States is guiding a coun-
terinsurgency war there primarily to gain
time to create a counterrevolution, but this
is a slow business, and this is precisely the
issue the Republicans are raising.
It is not only Senator GOLDWATER who is
calling for a strategy of total victory, but
the House Republican policy committee is-
sued a detailed report this week that puts
the point in more specific terms.
"A victory in South Vietnam over the
military and subversive threats of commu-
nism,", it said, "is urgently required. We
must repeal today's complacent commit-
ment 'to prevent a Communist- victory' and
substitute a commitment to insure a victory
for freedom."
- But how is this to be done? Who Is to
repeal it? The committee does not tell us,
but Representative GERALD R. FORD, of Michi-
gan, the chairman of the House Republican
conference and ranking Republican on the
Defense Appropriations Committee, who is-
sued the report, wants the United States it-
self to take over the conduct of the war.
Something very odd is happening here to
the Republican Party, when responsible lead-
ers of the GOP like FORD, who for years have
been contrasting the Republicans as the
"party of peace" with the Democrats as the
"war party," are now calling for instant vic-
tory In a jungle war 8,000 miles from home,
right up against the borders of China, which
commands the allegiance of almost a quarter
of the human race.
The Republican Party has managed to oc-
cupy the White House for only 8 out of the
last 32 years and it got there then only be-
cause General Eisenhower was regarded
rightly as a prudent, experienced and peace-
ful man.
Yet his successors in the party that Is
supposed to have unusual respect for history
are now complaining, not that we are doing
to much but that we are doing too little; not
that we should limit our objectives and our
risks but that, as the Ford committee says,
we should "take the initiative in effecting
a 'revolution of liberty' throughout the
world."
KENNAN'S WARNING
When George Kennan, who is one of our
most experienced and articulate students of
foreign affairs, came at the end of his diplo-
matic career to sum up his views of Ainer-
lea's diplomatic blunders of the past, he
blamed in particular:
"The American tendency to view any war
in which we might be involved not as a
means of achieving limited objectives in the
way of changes in a given status quo but
as a struggle to the death between total
virtue and total evil."
The United States has slowly, very slowly,
come to ponder the wisdom of this observa-
tion in Vietnam, but in the emotion of the
campaign this limited exercise will be sav-
agely attacked and all we can hope is that
the administration will not be pushed in the
process into political promises it will not want
to redeem in the future.
Rwanda Independence Day
EXTENSION OF-REMARKS
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, Rwanda
today celebrates the second anniversary
July 1
of her independence. We take this op-
portunity to extend warm felicitations to
His Excellency the President of Rwanda,
Gregoire Kayibanda; and to His Excel-
lency the Ambassador of Rwanda to the
United States; Pierre Canisius Cyicarano.
Rwanda, a country of mountains and
plateaus, lies in the very heart of Africa
on the divide between the great Congo
and Nile River Basins. Most of its terri-
tory has a tropical, highland climate and
is covered with savanna grassland. Agri-
culture remains the basis of the econ-
omy, although deforestation and erosion,
scourges against which the Rwandans
are making valiant efforts to amend, has
long hampered production in this densely
populated African country.
Because of its remote position, Rwanda
was one of the last regions in Africa to
be visited by the explorers of the 19th
century. John Speke, on his tortuous
journey which lead to the discovery of
Lake Victoria, was probably the first
European to cross its terrain in 1858. He
was followed over a decade later by
Stanley and Livingstone on their famous
trip together around Lake Tanganyika
and its environs. Later German ex-
plorers, who were a prelude to control by
their country, arrived. German rule
passed to the Belgians after World War
I. Under the Belgians, a 10-year pro-
gram to improve all aspects of Rwanda's
economy, social services, and education
was launched in 1952.
Evc0i before independence, the Rwan-
dans exhibited 'their love of democracy
and rule by the majority. By an over-
whelming vote in 1961, the monarchy
was replaced with a republican form of
government. Rwanda also voted against
independence with Burundi, the kingdom
to the south, also under Belgian tutelege.
Today Rwanda has a president and legis-
lative assembly which was elected by di-
rect universal suffrage. Officials of local
government are also democratically
elected.
Two years is a short time in the history
of any nation, but already much has
happened in Rwanda. On September 18,
1962, it became a member of the United
Nations. Rwanda is also a member of
some of that organization's specialized
agencies.
Today Rwanda, which was once con-
sidered an exotic country in central
Africa, is a recognized and accepted
member of the family of nations. We
salute Rwanda on its second anniversary
of independence and wish it the best in
its fight to realize social equality,
economic advancement, and political
stability.
WSBXTV's "Salute to America" Parade
Is Smash Hit According to Variety
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. CHARLES L. WELTNER
OF GEORGIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 1, 1964
Mr. WELTNER. Mr. Speaker, every
American takes pride in the founding of
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