CASTRO'S RANSOM DEMAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000200160031-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 31
• Publication Date: May 23, 1961
• Content Type: OPEN

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United States
of America
Vol. 107
P
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 87th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MAY 23, 1961 No. 86
House oRepresentatives
of
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
Jeremiah 31: 3: I have loved thee with
an everlasting love; therefore with loving
kindness have I drawn thee.
Eternal and ever-blessed God, we
thank Thee for the tenderness and
tenacity of Thy love which we need
so supremely and which alone can
satisfy us.
We humbly acknowledge that day by
day we plan and propose, we counsel
and contrive, and. often feel very self-
confident and self-sufficient.
Help us to understand that our hope
for success and- security cannot rest
upon our own skill and human ingenu-
ity, but upon Thy divine guidance and
hold upon us.
May our hearts go out in love and
sympathy toward all whose faith is be-
ing assailed by doubt and whose whole
life seems to be one of conflict and
struggle, of labor and sorrow, and of
heartache and anguish.
Grant that our love may be a world
feeling and may Thy light and truth
shine in all the dark and dismal places
of the earth, bringing unto mankind the
blessings of peace and joy.
Hear us in Christ's name. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of yes-
terday was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr.
McGown, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate disagrees to the amend-
ments of the House to the bill (S. 610)
entitled "An act to strengthen the for-
eign and domestic commerce of the
United States by providing for the es-
tablishment of a U.S. Travel Service
within the Department of Commerce
and a Travel Advisory Board," requests
a conference with the House on the dis-
agreeing votes of the two Houses there-
on, and appoints Mr. MAGNUSON, Mr.
SMATHERS, Mr. BARTLETT, Mr. BUTLER,
and,Mr. COTTON to be the conferees on
the part of the Senate.
HON. LOUISE G. REECE
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I
ask unanimous consent that the gentle-
woman from Tennessee, Mrs. LOUISE G.
REECE, be permitted to take the oath of
office today. Her certificate of election
has not arrived, but there is no contest,
and no question has been raised with re-
gard to her election.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Massachusetts?
There was no objection.
Mrs. REECE appeared at the bar of
the House and took the oath of office.
RESIGNATION OF MEMBER FROM
A COMMITTEE
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following communication, which was
read:
Hon. SAM RAYBURN,
Member of Congress,
Speaker of the House of Representatives,
The Capitol, Washington, D.C.
DEAR Ms. SPEAKER: It is with regret that I
submit to you my resignation from the
Committee on Public Works.
It was an honor and a privilege to serve
on this committee, and I wish to commend
the Members with whom I served who work-
ed so hard to produce an outstanding record
in the Congress.
Sincerely yours,
HERMAN T. SCIHNEEBELI,
Member of Congress.
The SPEAKER. Without objection,
the resignation will be accepted.
There was no objection.
APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO
A COMMITTEE
Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I send
to the desk a privileged resolution and
ask for its immediate consideration.
The Clerk read as follows:
H. Rrs. 307
Resolved, That the following-named Mem-
bers be, and they are hereby, elected mem-
bers of the standing Committee of the House
of Representatives on Public Works: JoHN
C. KUNKEL, Pennsylvania; LoulsE 0. REECE,
Tennessee.
The resolution was agreed to.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
INVESTIGATION OF OIL IMPORT
PROGRAM
(Mr. PATMAN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I
have asked Subcommittee No. 4, of the
House Small Business Committee, to
make an investigation of the present im-
port quota program for foreign crude oil.
The Honorable Tom SNEED, chairman,
has assured me that the subcommittee
will make a thorough investigation and
appraisal of this program as it affects
small business in the oil exploration, pro-
duction, and refining fields.
Congress has recognized that a vigor-
ous, healthy petroleum industry in the
United States is vital both to our domes-
tic economy and our national defense
and, in the Trade Agreement Extension
Act of 1958, gave the administration
both the power and the duty to limit for-
eign oil imports sufficiently to maintain
a vigorous and competitive industry in
this country.
Recent hearings held by the Depart-
ment of the Interior suggest, however,
that, instead of making full use of the
powers which have been granted, the
previous administration put into ef-
fect a program which may be weaken-
ing the domestic oil industry and foster-
ing monopoly control. The program
which has been devised is a most un-
usual kind, to say the least, and may
indeed be the only one of its kind. If
the testimony given by industry repre-
senatives at these hearings is correct,
the import program now in effect
amounts to a cash dole to independent
refiners, by way of compensation for
large-scale imports which serve the
special advantage of the few big com-
panies that own or control sources of
foreign oil, as well as refineries and dis-
tribution systems in the United States.
Refineries in all parts of the United
States are given quotas of foreign oil-
and ration tickets good for the purchase
of this cheap oil-though most of these
refiners have never used foreign oil and
cannot, as a practical matter, use for-
eign oil because of the freight cost from
coastal points inland. It appears that
cash markets for these ration tickets are
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in operation and inland refiners are sell-
ing their quotas to coastal refiners at
prices ranging from between $1 to $1.25
per barrel. If the effect of this system
is as it seems, namely to encourage inde-
pendent refiners to trade a portion of
their markets to the international oil
companies in return for cash payments,
then certainly the program is neither
helping to maintain a vigorous competi-
tive U.S. industry nor encouraging dis-
covery and. development of new sources
of oil in the United States. Yet the
Trade Agreement Extension Act of 1958
was intended, to serve both purposes.
There is little doubt that the serious
plight of the U.S. crude oil industry is a
direct result of the big company imports
of foreign oi:l. Since this program was
put into effect, the number of oil wells in
the United States has declined steadily,
and today only one-half of the oil drilling
rigs in this country are in operation. In
Texas, the country's largest oil producing
State, producing wells are operating only
8 days a month. The result has been a
loss of tens of thousands of jobs and a
serious weakening of an industry in
which the United States has previously
led the world.
It is a sign of the future that only 14
college freshmen enrolled in petroleum
engineering courses this spring, at the
University of Texas, a leading center of
training to the petroleum sciences. As
late as the fall of 1957, the University of
Texas was giving training to 134 fresh-
men in petroleum engineering.
I am confident that the subcommittee,
under Chairman STEED, will make a fair
and careful study of the present quota
system, to make sure that this is the best
system that can be reasonably devised in
view of both our domestic and foreign
obligations, and not just a system which
confers undue favoritism on the few
great international oil companies.
TRO'S RANSOM DEMAND
(Mr. DORN asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, Castro is a
gangster of the lowest order. He is now
adopting the tactics of the kidnap out-
laws of the "Ma" Barker-"Machinegun"
Kelly era. If he is successful with his
present ransom demand, his success will
set a precedent and model for every
Communist gangster in Africa, Asia, and
Latin America. We do not have enough
bulldozers, tractors, or dollars in the
United States to buy off every Commu-
nist thug and racketeer in the world.
With this ransom, Castro's prestige
and military potential will be greatly
strengthened. We should face reality
and for once be practical and approach
this shocking demand with common-
sense. Castro can sell these tractors or
exchange them for jet aircraft, missiles,
and artillery. This deal might thus bet-
ter enable him to bomb Miami, Mobile,
and New Orleans. In the long run it
could cost us thousands of lives on the
beaches of-Cuba and the lives of inno-
cent civilians In the United States.
Our Government should forbid any
equipment of any nature from leaving
the shores of the United States to
strengthen and support an avowed
enemy. Our Government should go
further and prevent with our Navy and
Air Force any material from being
shipped into Cuba from Russia, China,
their satellites, or from misguided Amer-
ican sympathizers. Any arrangement
with Castro will work to his advantage.
This despicable Castro proposal could be
a scheme to get more of his subversive
agents into the United States.
At least I hope our State Department
and Government will take no action to
encourage and support this type of
blackmail which strengthens our Com-
munist enemies and will cost us more
lives In the future.
MILLIONS FOR DEFENSE, NOT ONE
CENT FOR TRIBUTE
(Mr. BECKER asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr.. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, submis-
sion to Fidel Castro's demand for 500
bulldozers in exchange for the Cuban
freedom fighters he now is holding in
prisons, would constitute an abject sur-
render to the crudest form of blackmail
and an abandonment of principles this
Nation has held sacred since its
foundling.
in Tel Aviv at this moment another
mass murderer-Adolf Eichmann--is on
trial for the most heinous crime of all
time. He, too, offered to free Jews held
in the barbarous Nazi prison camps if he
were given trucks in exchange, The
Allies, acting on principle, refused to bow
to Eichmann's blackmail attempt, even
though his price was considerably less
than that being demanded today by the
paranoiac dictator of Cuba.
It long has been an established crimi-
nal fact that blackmailers do not
abandon their odious demands upon
acquiesence to their initial terms.
Those who received Eichmann's demands
knew this, and the American people and
their Government should know it about
Castro.
. If Castro's ransom demands are met,
there will be additional and more costly
exactions. That this will be the course
of his actions already has been indicated
in his statements of yesterday, in which
he threatened to cancel the bulldozers-
for-prisoners offer if this Nation contin-
ues to refer to it as an exchange. Castro
prefers to call his blackmail an indemni-
fication and said that if an exchange is
called for, it should concern political
prisoners.
He its offering, as an alternative to the
bulldozer exchange, to free prisoners
held in Cuba for such men as Francis-
co-the Hook-Molina and other of his
followers here, in Nicaragua, Guatemala,
and Spain.
Molina, whom Castro refers to as a
political prisoner and a martyr, it should
be remembered, now is awaiting sentenc-
ing in New York for the killing of a 9-
year-old Venezuelan girl in a restaurant
there during a political fight.
If Castro succeeds in getting his de-
mands, Mr. Speaker, we can expect to be
subjected to more such blackmail and to
further immoral and unjust conditions.
That tl is Government does not offi-
cially enc orse the Castro ransom de-
man(] or he so-called exchange of po-
litic:a' pri: oners would in no way lessen
American responsibility. We would be
in th3 di, graceful position of passively
endorsing an action by private citizens
whicl: is contrary to all codes of justice
and of giving our tacit blessing to inter-
nat io ual l lackmail.
Further the meeting of Castro's de-
mands wo Ild negate the very purpose of
the ir.vasi, n In which his prisoners were
captu rred- the liberation of the Cuban
people*. We would be doing so because of
the c )viols fact that the tractors thus
paid in tribute would be used to
stren;zther the one Communist fortress
in this henrisphere and further stifle the
hopes for la free and independent Cuba.
On :y th naive or the purposely blind
could believe that those who now suffer
in Cuban 1 risons because of their efforts
to overthrow the tyrannical rule of Fidel
Castro wet e not willing to die, if neces-
sary, to free their native Cuba.
To mee at this time the hysterical
deinwads or the tools this oppressive
and iabid dictator requires to further
inter-,Cuban freedom would be a dis-
honor to those who already have sacri-
ficed ,heir lives in the cause of freedom
90 mi les t the south of us and would
make the i dmittedly awkward and inept
invas' 7n ittempt sanctioned by the
White Ho Ise even more ridiculous in
the e:, es o the world.
A.Itlhioug] the American people histor-
ically have aided the oppressed and
sough ; fre c captive peoples everywhere,
our c. Untf nancing of the Castro black-
mail Evoul have an opposite effect in
that i, wo ild prolong the period during
which all Cubans must remain the slaves
of commu rism. Such an action also
would giv! even greater credence to
comm mist s claims that ours is an
opporl,unis .ic country completely lacking
in principle.
No one, r. Speaker, appears to have
propo ed exchange of our surplus
grain, which is costing American tax-
payer,: mi ,ions of dollars annually in
storag 3 co is alone, for the Americans
who ;-lave been held prisoner by the
Chine;e R !ds for 10 years. And most
of the a prisoners, it should be remem-
bered, are missionaries whose only crime
again:::t thgovernment in which they
are hr Id Seems to have been that they
were ;here when the Communists took
over that hapless land.
But whet can only be used to relieve
hunge -. It cannot aid tyranny and is
not th a pri e Castro demands. He needs
weapons o a type he is not receiving
from ] .is C -mmunist masters, but which
he cal use to further fortify Cuba and
thus strengthen the bonds with which he
now h gilds the Cuban people.
Tho:;e wl,.o now would bow to Castro's
rabid deco ands, Mr. Speaker, should
keep ::n mind that many of the men
who lnnde on Cuban beaches in the
abortive invasion attempt of last month
gave their ives that Cuba might be free.
Our :-urre ider now would sully the
memo: y of those whose lives were spent
in this; vain battle of independence.
In Pour short months, this Nation's
presti?'e atJ..-oad has been lower almost
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 23
lated to quicken the spirit of freedom-
loving people.
Now we are confronted with the prob-
lem in South Vietnam. Another Laos
seems to be in the making. We seem to
be following the same ill-fated road.
Vice President LYNnoN B. JOHNSON made
it clear in Saigon last week that he will
not recommend to President Kennedy
that American combat forces be sta-
tioned there.
By announcing to the world that our
combat forces will not be stationed in
South Vietnam, we invite trouble. South
Vietnam forces may be superior, but
they cannot head off determined Com-
munist forces indefinitely. Sooner or
later, we will be forced to commit our
own combat forces or be identified once
more with failure.
If we commit our forces in advance
of Communist action, the attack will
probably never come. If we get into the
fight in midstream, we may trigger a
big war.
President Kennedy may be concerned
lest his party be identified once more as
the war party.
If so, he should ,realize that the un-
certainty and weakness of present policy
is far more apt to bring war than an
open, strong, and consistent policy of
containment. No patriotic American
will ever criticize President Kennedy for
commiting combat forces to protect free-
dom-loving people from aggression.
Every patriot has the right and duty to
criticize ineptitude and the too-little
too-late policies which invite aggression.
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ELECTIONS
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Subcommit-
tee on Elections of the Committee on
House Administration may be permitted
to sit while the House is in session today.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
ONE-WAY STREET IN TRADE AND
AID PROGRAMS
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. DENT], is recognized for
30 minutes.
Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, under leave
from the House, I have been permitted
to speak for 30 minutes, and as usual-
I am discussing a matter that is para-
mount in my opinion.
I have tried to call to the attention of
the House that we are traveling down the
one-way street in trade and aid pro-
grams. I have attempted to show that
under our reciprocal trades agreements,
we have allowed American industry and
the American workingman to be vic-
timized by foreign producers of consumer
goods.
I have tried to explain that many of
the items that are sold are not identified
to the consumer with their country of
origin.
When I made this statement I was
challenged by certain authorities who
said that this was a figment of my imag-
ination.
On January 3, I introduced legislation
concerning all foreign produced goods
to be so advertised and so marketed in
these United States.
I have presented today facts and in-
formation to the House Committee on
Interstate and Foreign Commerce, which
I will make part of my talk here today
showing the brazen, bald-faced attempt
by foreign producers through their
American mouthpieces to undermine
American industry and American pro-
duction by disguising foreign products
in such a manner that their state of
origin is not known to the consumer.
I sincerely believe that the time has
come for this Congress to stop living in
the past-to awaken to the dangers in-
herent in our present status, and to read
behind the headlines in the world's
many disorders and disruptions such as
Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, Belgian Congo, and
the entire African Continent, as well as
our neighbors to the south, the Latin
American countries.
Unless we become realistic and prac-
tical in the operation of this Government
and its economy, I can assure this Con-
gress that the one-way street we are on
will lead us into political oblivion.
The following is a true copy of all ma-
terial and references to the above state-
ments:
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., May 19, 1961.
MY DEAR COLLEAGUE: On January 3, 1961,
in the very beginning of this session I in-
troduced H.R. 1149, copy of which is at-
tached hereto.
Like many other American buyers, I was
disturbed by the fact that I could purchase
consumer goods in any of the public market-
places not knowing the country of their
origin.
Although we do. have Federal regulations
and some Federal law pertaining to this sub=
ject, It appears that in the phase of adver-
tising either at the local point of sale or
through the recognized advertising me-
dium newspapers, radio, television, and
other media, there is no restrictive cove-
nant to protect an unsuspecting purchaser
who does not particularly want to buy a
foreign-made product and even if he were
inclined to buy same, he would at least like
to know where it was made.
I call this to your attention because this
day, May 19, 1 have received a letter that
shows this practice of selling unmarked or
unidentified foreign-origin products has
gone beyond the local housewife consumer
stage that invaded the area of primary pro-
curement in the manufacturing process sp
essential to our well-being.
I quote from a letter without quoting the
names of the companies involved for rea-
sons you can understand:
"On another subject, I am attaching to
this letter a copy of the most recent glaring
example of what we are up against in the
tool steel business in regard to Imports.
This new threat is described in the attached
copy of a letter from the --------------- Co.
to one of our very good customers In the
Detroit area. This is an offer from a Japa-
nese firm to send material into this country
at substantially lower prices, but I would
like to call particular attention to paragraph
3 of page 2 of this letter. I call attention
to the portion which reads as follows:
'The high-speed steel bars will not bear
any markings except heat numbers, unless
you desire your own marks or colors to be
placed on the steel. If, for any reason, it is
necessary for us to rebox the material here
upon arrival in order to obscure. the fact of
Japanese origin, this can be arranged at a
nominal charge.'
"This, John, is a barefaced statement of
illegal intent to evade the law requiring
marking or to change the marking once the
material has arrived here. What other evi-
dence do we need that we are in an all-out
war for survival?
"Thanks again for your many courtesies
and your helpfulness.
"Sincerely yours,
"JOE,
"President."
Copies of the correspondence between the
offering foreign importer and the American
buyer are attached for your information.
I would appreciate an opportunity to ap-
pear before your committee if, in your wis-
dom, this legislation merits your considera-
tion.
Sincerely yours,
JOHN H. DENT,
Chairman.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That (a)
no person shall disseminate, or cause to be
disseminated, any advertisement-
(1) by the United States malls, or in
commerce by any means, for the purpose of
inducing, or which is likely to induce, di-
rectly or indirectly, the purchase of any
article manufactured or otherwise produced
in any foreign country, or
(2) by any means, for the purpose of in-
ducing, or which is likely to induce, directly
or indirectly, the purchase of any article
manufactured or otherwise produced in
any foreign country,
unless such advertisement contains words
stated or printed in such manner to as give
actual notice to prospective purchasers, of
the country of origin of such article.
(b) Whoever violates subsection (a) of
this section shall be punished by a fine of
not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for a
term of not more than one year, or both.
MAY 5, 1961.
DEAR MR. -: It was a pleasure to talk
with you again on Thursday after a lapse
of several years. This letter will attempt to
acquaint you with our company and some
of its objectives in the field of Imported
specialty steels.
Our company has been formed very re-
cently and is supported by responsible peo-
ple who are interested in building a sound
organization for the attainment of long-
range objectives in the specialty steel mar-
kets. While it is possible for us to obtain
European specialty steels, we are placing our
emphasis upon Ave excellent Japanese
sources, with whom we have exclusive long-
term contracts executed in Japan. The
quality of their products is fully equal, and
in some respects superior, to the domestic or
European product. This is so primarily be-
cause their mills and equipment are much
more modern, their laboratories are ultra-
modern, even to the extent of being equip-
ped with electron-beam microscopes, X-ray,
reflectoscope, and spectrographic equipment.
The tool steel plant has the reputation for
being the leader in its field in Japan, It is
fully equipped with melting flexibility con-
sisting of various sizes of electric arc fur-
naces; electric induction furnaces, and
vacuum furnaces for the production of the
higher alloys. Your orders will be produced
to AISI standards for chemistry, tolerances
in inches, finish, etc., or to your own pro-
prietary specifications. You can incur no
risks on quality. If the steel, when in-
spected by your personnel upon arrival at
your plant, proves to contain any defective
material, we will accept it for our account,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
to the vanishing point. It is to be hoped
that we will not further assail our na-
tional image by kowtowing to a pint-
sized dictator.
In 1797, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney,
who was our minister to the French Re-
public, made a statement which is
familiar to all Americans. It was, "Mil-
lions for defense, but not one cent for
tribute."
Actually, Mr. Pinckney's words were a
bit stronger and were toned down be-
cause they were to be inscribed on his
cenotaph in St. Michael's churchyard in
Charleston, S.C. He said, "not one
damned penny for tribute."
As strong as that was for the day and
time, Mr. Speaker, I believe this Nation
should be even stronger and more out-
spoken in its dealings with this, the most
deranged criminal we have had to deal
with in many years.
aA,d1t'C7CSTRC1 THE BLACKMAILER
(Mr. ALGER asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, will Amer-
ica, lulled in the sweet dream of peace,
slumber too long, unaware of the true
nature of the Communist conspiracy,
until we awake to find our cause has been
lost? The astounding news stories of
this past weekend make me fearful that
our desire to be humane, to be good, has
blinded us to the real purpose of the
Communists, destruction of the United
States and domination of the world.
How often must we recall this Red pur-
pose, stressed by every Communist lead-
er since Lenin, before our people rec-
ognize that they mean it? Yet, in the
face of recent Communist aggression, in
spite of the demonstration of Red
beastiality as exemplified in Hungary,
Tibet, and Cuba, we now have a national
movement underway, approved, accord-
ing to press statements, by the State
Department, to submit to blackmail by
Castro in order to help him build up his
military and economic strength and
further insure the success of a Com-
munist satellite 90 miles from our coast.
Mr. Speaker, I yield to no man in car-
ing for my fellowman. I, too, am im-
bued with humanitarian instincts, and I
grieve deeply for those unfortunates
now held prisoner by Castro. But, Mr.
Speaker, we are at war-at war with a
ruthless enemy who will show no mercy,
will stop at nothing to accomplish the
complete destruction of our country and
its guarantees of freedom and individual
liberty. These prisoners are the un-
fortunate victims of that war, just as
millions of Jew's were the victims of Hit-
ler, and thousands of American boys
were victims of the Nazi campaign to
rule the world. We grieve for the pris-
oners of Castro, yes. We salute their
bravery in their fight for freedom. But
we betray them and ourselves if we now
submit to coercion, to blackmail, in
bringing about their release.
What effect will such a trade as pro-
posed by Castro have on the peoples of
other Latin-American countries? He
will become a hero all over again to the
misguided who refuse to recognize his
real purpose and know only that he has
been able to humble and humiliate this
great Nation.
We cannot afford to give further aid
and comfort to the enemy by helping to
build up Castro. We dare not be black-
mailed into bringing about a trade of
heavy construction equipment for pris-
oners of war. Such a barter is morally
wrong--trading human lives for pieces of
machinery. Should we be so foolish as
to enter into such a trade, it will not be
many days until other twobit bandits
and potential dictators will be seizing
American tourists and holding them' for
ransom. Americans, who once were' se-
cure in the knowledge that wherever
they traveled they were safe because of
the strength of the United States and the
guarantee that we would protect them,
will become fair targets to a worldwide
kidnaping ring.
Mr. Speaker, on October 20, 1960, the
United States took action to prohibit
shipment to Cuba "of all goods except
certain nonsubsidized foodstuffs, medi-
cine, and medical supplies which are
permitted for humanitarian reasons."
There has been no change in our rela-
tionship with Cuba to alter this decision
made 17 months ago. The need for a
complete embargo of shipments to Cuba
is greater now than it was then because
since that time, Castro has hurled de-
fiance at the Western Hemisphere and
has openly and completely set up a Com-
munist state. To now give him, for
whatever reason, the heavy construction
equipment he so badly, needs, will en-
able him to strengthen his position in
Cuba. It will not lead to peace, nor
guarantee freedom for those it is in-
tended to help. It will make more cer-
tain further demands by Castor, will
endanger the lives and safety of all
Americans traveling outside the borders
of this country, could lead to the loss to
communism of other Latin-American
countries, and could well pave the way
to war once this Communist stooge is
able to complete the construction of jet
airbases and missile sites for the con-
venience of Soviet-based military
strength.
Hard as it will be for Americans to do,
we must steel ourselves against the ac-
tion now being proposed by some well-
meaning citizens to raise by public sub-
scription some $20 million ransom to
pay to Castro. The Government must
forbid the exportation of the heavy con-
struction equipment Castro demands.
We must serve notice that we do not
deal with international gangsters on
their terms and that we are ready, will-'
ing, and able to use the might of this
Nation, if need be, to bring about the
freedom of political prisoners held in de-
fiance of international law and to pro-
tect our otvn citizens wherever they may
be. If we can show unity of purpose in
protecting ourselves and those who be-
lieve in freedom, we will be much more
successful in dealing with Castro, the So-
viet dictators, and any others who
threaten the peace of the world and the
liberty of mankind. To do less is to ad-
mit weakness and Invite further aggres-
sion and the war we all hope may be
avoided.
The Pr{;sidefrt only recently stated that
we will free (uba. it may well be that
in the en.d welwill have to take such ac-
tion through the sacrifice of American
lives, If this be the case, how can we
justify g`ving Castro the equipment he
needs to strei gthen his military might?
SOZ: TH VIETNAM AND LAOS
(Mr. 'INL LEY asked and was given
permissi )n to, address the House for 1
minute ,:,nd t o revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. F'NDI EY. Mr. Speaker, there is
an omiJ,ous parallel between a recent
statement in ,de by Vice President JOHN-
sorr and the speech of Dean Acheson as
Secretaa'y of State shortly before the
Communist evasion of South Korea.
In this sp !ech Acheson placed Korea
beyond Amy rica's defensive perimeter.
It was an invitation to trouble, and
trouble cam .
In Seigonjthe Vice President said he
would. r.ot r. commend that U.S. combat
forces he stationed in South Vietnam.
This, tco, is an. invitation to trouble.
Toda.-7 rrrn body knows how far the
United Stat s will go, and the 'Vice Pres-
ident has a0 ded to the uncertainty.
U.S. coml at forces are the most effec-
tive d, ?terr nt to aggression, and we
should publicly offer such forces to South
Vietnam wi hout delay.
Another : ,aos is in the making. Sup-
plies and ! training are not enough.
Sooner or is ter, we will be forced to send
combat for es to a war already in prog-
ress, or once more be identified with
failure
In South II Vietnam and other similar
troubi,: spcts, we should first determine
wheth+:r t e local population really
wishe. to ~ resist Communist takeover.
If not forget them. Do not waste re-
sources on hem.
If the 'gill to resist does exist, we
shot~kl ofl er to station U.S. combat
forces
It i= a f; ct of history that no country
where the U.S. Army has been stationed
has e~-er bi n attacked.
If we h, d kept forces in Korea, that
debac'.e i right have been avoided.
Marin=es e ectively stabilized the situa-
tion in L ;banon. West Berlin would
not b! fret today except for the presence
of .An eric n troops.
Th pre ence of U.S. forces under U.S.
comnn and has always proved to be the
most efe tive deterrent to aggression.
V7? shculd adopt a firm policy, an-
notn?e it to the world and stick by it.
Toda r no rody knows how far we will
go. This uncertainty has led to trouble
in the pat and will do so again.
Pe.hap the people of Laos had no de-
sire to r? list the Communist takeover.
In ally c e, we spent a lot of money
there, we are identified in the eyes of
the world with the resistance which
failed, aid Communist takeover of a
larg?! portion of that country has al-
read:J bee accomplished,
In Cut a, we used no combat forces,
but we are identified with the invasion
failure n( netheless. All. this delights the
Con nun sts and disturbs the rest of the
war] 1. (ur role in the Cuban invasion
was iner dibly inept and hardly calcu-
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This committee has developed that the it excoriates the American position in
Fair Play for Cuba Committee has thousands Cuba and glorifies Moscow's Fidel.
of dollars in finances in deposits, and with- Needless to say, th Communist press is
drawals of large amounts have been made equally overjoyed at this "very brilliant
subject only to the control of this witness book by a Columbia University pro-
and Mr. Taber; that American citizens, in-
cluding college youth, are being asked to fessor."
contribute to this organization. Our hearing also developed that the
It is a perfectly proper legislative purpose Cuba committee has refused to register
for the committee to consider whether there under the Alien Registration Act. The
is a situation here which could be met by committee, in its own publications, has
recommendations for legislation to govern boasted about mass demonstrations it
such organizations so as to give assurance
of a sounder or at least a tighter financial organized outside the United Nations and
control in cases where the public is involved. in Union Square.
The founder of the committee, Rob-
ert Taber, is now in Cuba. He was sen-
tenced in Ohio in 1939 to serve up to
30 years in jail for armed robbery, auto
theft, and kidnaping.
He was a newswriter for the Columbia
Broadcasting System. An article by
him in Nation magazine in January of
1960 was the instrument which brought
the Cuba committee into existence,
Needless to say, it was a whitewash of
Fidel Castro. It extolled the alleged so-
cial gains of the Cuba revolution and it
pooh-poohed the clear facts about Mos-
cow's dominating influence in Havana.
When we called him to the witness
stand last year, Taber denied that the
committee used funds supplied by Cas-
tro representatives. When we later de-
veloped proof that there was Castro
money in this alleged fair play opera-
tion, he was gone.
But he can still draw checks against
the committee's account made up of
funds contributed at least in part by
gullible youngsters on America's cam-
puses.
Our hearing developed the fact that
he had taken at least $19,000 from the
committee's account in one single with-
drawal.
There is also more to be said about the
man he left behind him, Richard Gibson.
For many years, Mr. President, we
have heard a good deal about athletic
bums, who hop from campus to campus,
season after season. It is time we be-
gan hearing about Communist front
bums, who do the same kind of hoping.
Richard Gibson is a Communist front
bum. Our record shows that he was a
11 12 ears
C
How was it possible for this group
Red racketeers to solicit funds and to
organize demonstrations after the initial
facts about Taber's concealment of Cas-
tro's hand in his committee appeared in
some newspapers?
I believe this can be laid at the door
of the liberal publications that spent so
much time furiously assaulting the Sub-
committee on Internal Security that
they overlooked the truth about this
specious Fair Play for Cuba outfit.
There are many of these, Mr. Presi-
dent. The most flagrant of all is the
eminently respectable Harper's maga-
zine, for the falsehoods it circulated in
collaboration with a certain Kenneth
Tynan.
Tynafi, dramatic critic for the London
Observer and guest critic for the New
Yorker magazine, another eminently re-
spectable publication, signed the New
York Times advertisement which was the
kickoff for the Cuba committee's ac-
tivity.
He was called into executive session
by the subcommittee when he began
looking into the shenanigans of this
Fidel-financed group. Tynan wrote an
article for the October 1960 issue of
Harper's, which purported to tell what
happened in this executive session.
His account of what happened in the
session may be accurately described as a
double-barreled lie. Harper's lent the
full weight of its prestige to this lie. Ac-
cording to him, here is what took place:
Had I received money for signing the [Fair
Play for Cuba] ad'?
No.
Was it paid for by Cuban gold?
No.
o es. J
freshman at Kenyon
ago. He vanished just before the end The record of the hearing shows that
of the spring term, leaving behind him Kenneth Tynan was not asked either of
a tuition bill of $579, which has never these questions and consequently he gave
been paid. Regardless of this, he got neither of the answers. Obviously the
a John Hay Whitney fellowship a year Fair sPlay for omethingb like Committee needed to
later to study in Rome.
Five years later, a GI grant sent him under respectable auspices, so Mr. Tynan
to the University of Paris, the Sorbonne. took care of its needs. It was unfortu-
Today, he is a graduate student at Co- nate for him that the committee ran
lumbia University, at the expense of his across another witness, who swore that
former employer, CBS. the ad was paid for with Cuban money.
Columbia is the operating base, from But it is even more unfortunate, Mr.
which he operates the fair play racket. President, for the gulls who fell in be-
He-went to Canada, in his role of Fidel's hind Harper's, the Nation, and a whole
Typhoid Mary, to solidify a fraternal string of liberal newspapers across the
connection with Canadian undergradu- Nation. These were so determined to
ates. He helped start the committee give the Subcommittee on Internal Secu-
chapter on the Columbia campus and is rity fblack Cuba eye, Committee a c can a Fair
for
president of the New York chapter. He health.
has thrown the weight of his organiza-
tion behind what he describes as a "very More than all others, Mr. President,
brilliant book by a Columbia University they have an obligation to begin to tell
professor, C. Wright Mills." The book the truth about what this Red shake-
is entitled "Listen Yankee." down racket really is.
LAWLESSNESS IN ALABAMA
Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, the
ugly passions which have distorted rea-
son and law in some cities in Alabama
have given birth to a violence resulting
in most serious damage to our great Na-
tion-not only here at home but
throughout the world.
I call particular attention to the brutal
attack upon John Seigenthaler, a fellow
Tennessean and outstanding former
newspaperman, who was sent by the
President and the Attorney General to
the area to seek facts about the protec-
tion of citizens who were exercising their
constitutional rights in a peaceful man-
ner.
Caught up suddenly in the violence,
Mr. Seigenthaler courageously sought, as
any honorable citizen would, to protect
a young woman from attack and was
struck down from behind by a coward's
blow. Fortunately, Mr. Seigenthaler is
recovering from his injuries and will be
able to continue contributing his valu-
able talents to the important post that
he holds as special assistant to the At-
torney General.
I call attention to the tragic case of
Mr. Seigenthaler because it represents
all that is reprehensible about the un-
checked lawlessness which has led to
senseless injury of many other citizens
who deserved protection from violence,
regardless of issues argued by either side
in the situation.
Mr. President, I suggest that some of
the local officials of Alabama have been
negligent of their obligations to control
brutality brought about by hotheaded
lawlessness I submit that these officials
also by their failure to move quickly and
effectively with the local enforcement
facilities at their disposal, have turned
their backs on their responsibilities.
Mr. President, much as we regret the
need for using U.S. marshals to protect
the rights of people and to prevent vio-
lence, it seems to me that the Attorney
General had no alternative in this in-
stance. He is to be commended for tak-
ing this necessary step.
Our Nation and our people will not be
able to count, today, the depth of the
damage that has been done the cause of
freedom throughout the world by these
days of shame that have occurred in
Alabama.
I pray that those who have inflicted
this damage, those who have condoned
it, and those who have turned their backs
upon it will seek forgiveness in their
souls. I hope sincerely that strength
and steadfastness will continue to sup-
port those who have deplored this trag-
edy and who have sought and are still
seeking to establish law and order where
a mob has run rampant and struck
bloody blows at individual freedom.
TRIBUTE TO THE SECRETARY OF
THE INTERIOR
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, the
strength and vigor with which Secretary
of the Interior Stewart Udall is attack-
ing his job as Secretary of the Interior
is well characterized in the article which
appeared recently in the Deseret News
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
8023
STATE WozazuiN's COMPENSATION Lnws ment, but from the standpoint of the On Thupsday, May 18, an excellent edi-
Maximum weekly benefit for single employee effect it will have on the various States tor:a entiltied "For Exposure's Sake" ap-
for temporary total disability, by States in the UnioV I pea red inIthe Washington Evening Star.
Alabama
Alaska I------ _........ Arizona ------??---------------
Arkansas
California
Colorado --------------_---------
Connecticut 1_.--. .________.
Delaware'- --_-. __..--?-------_..
Florida I____-_
Georgia I______
Ilawait I______.,-_..--
Idaho
Illinois I-------------------------
Indiana I______-
Iowa---------_....---------------
Kansas I---_--
Kentucky 1 ___
Louisiana I -_---------------
Maine I __ _-__
Maryland I --------------------
Massachusetts I______________-
Michigan I ---_-----------------
Minnesota I-_...._____
Mississippi 1_....___
------------
Missouri ____...._______________
Montana-----....---------------
Nebraska____..________________
Nevada------....---------------
New llampshte 1________-_
New Jersey I_....______------
New Mexico
New York I__..________________
North Carolina---------------
North Dakota________________
Ohio I--------- ---
Oklahoma--------------------
Oregon I------ ---------------
Penn ylvania (-
Rhode Island 1____________
South Carolina I______________
South Dakota .-_____________
Tennessee I ----------- - -----
Texas 1__------------ Utah--------------------------
Ver'mont----- ---------------
Virginia I------------------
Washin ton I----_.__.
West VirginW_____
Wisconsin--- __ -__.-__ _-____
Wyoming----__....__----- -
Longshoremen's and Harbor
Workers' Omnpeissation Act.
$31.00
100.00
1057
1959
1959
1959
1959
---- -
1959 -
1959
1959
1959
1959
1959
1959
1959
1959
1960
1958
1961
1959
1961
1960
1959
1960
1959
1959
1959
------------
1959
1960
1959
1960
1959
1960
1961
1959
1960
1956
1957
1050
1959
1959
1959
1960
1957
1960
unanimous consent to speak for `4 sup-ac lea tr, be seeking facts for purposes of
minutes. posit le le0islation. It is not supposed to
The PRESIDENT use it. aut:p.ority to embarrass and humiliate
pro tempore. Is an ur offent.ing citizen.
there objection? The--Chair hears none, The ?e ar~ exceptions, however, to all gen-
and it is so ordered. eraliti as. ..nd this week's quizzing by the
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, the facts Senat Internal Security Subcomittee of a
I am about to present to the Senate to- repree sntat~ve of the Fair Play for Cuba
day are of na.rtir ila.r rnnrarn +n ~+? -I-+. Committee is one of them.
(1)
35.00
65.00
40.25
(a)
50.00
42.00
30.00
75.00
28.00
45.00
65.00
32.00
38.00
36.00
35.00
39.00
40.00
60.00
33.00
45.00
35.00
45.00
28.00
37.00
(1)
0.00
40.00
38.00
50.00
35.00
38.00
49.00
35.00
(a)
42. 50
36, 00
35.00
30.00
34.00
35.00
37.00
36.00
35.00
a
35.00
a
~2)
54.00
I Maritime.
I Not applicable.
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, a
study of this listing discloses that the
$70 a week maximum proposed by S.
733 will be practically 40 percent, and in
many instances 100 percent, more than
the amounts paid in the individual
States.
I cannot see anything else but a chain
reaction throughout - the country de-
manding that the increase granted by
the Congress shall likewise be granted
by the States.
Perhaps the increase ought to be
granted, but before it is, we ought to
make certain what are the actual facts.
Prior to the amendments of 1948, maxi-
mum weekly benefits for workers covered
by the Longshoremen and Harbor
Workers Act was $25 a week. In 1948,
it was raised to $35. In 1956, it was
raised from $35 to $54, an increase of
approximately 50 percent.
Now, 5 years :later, it is sought to be
raised from $54 to $70, an increase. of
30 percent.
It is my understanding that only per-
functory hearings are contemplated on
this bill. It seems to be accepted that
the grants ought to be made. I hope
that, before we act upon this bill, it
will be studied adequately, not only from
the standpoint, of the Federal Govern-
in America's institutions of higher learn-
ing, for reasons which will quickly be-
come apparent. They are of particular
concern to the parents of these students,
and to faculty members in these institu-
tions. They are of particular concern to
Senators from California; Colorado, my
own State of Connecticut, Florida, Illi-
nois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts,
Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Min-
nesota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Vermont, Washington.
I believe they are also of general con-
cern to the people of the United States.
Fitted together, they provide a priceless
example of how gullible persons can be
misled into serving as victims for a cheap
Communist shakedown. I believe part
of the responsibility for this situation
lies with certain self-misguided liberal
editors, who, in their blind fury, rush to
the defense of anyone and everyone who
receives a subpena from the Subcommit-
tee on Internal Security. The victims in
this case are 7,000 students who have
given their support to something that
calls itself the Fair Play for Cuba Com-
mittee.
Months ago, the subcommittee pub-
lished testimony making clear that the
so-called Fair Play for Cuba Committee
was a fraud set up under the auspices of
a concealed agent of Fidel Castro.
Nevertheless, according to testimony, of
Richapd Gibson, the acting executive
secretary, before the subcommittee last
Tuesday, May 16, the Fair Play for Cuba
Committee has chapters located at
Antioch, University of California, City
College of New York, Stamford, Colum-
bia, University of Colorado, Brooklyn,
Queens, Cornell, UCLA, Fisk, Los Ange-
les City College, University of Minne-
sota, Carleton College. University of In-
diana, Yale, University of Virginia, Ober-
lin, Brandeis, Harvard, University of
Washington, University of Michigan,
Wayne, Brown, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, St. John's, Boston Uni-
versity, University of Ohio, Grinnell,
Tufts, Bennington, Goddard, University
of Kansas, Reed College. The commit-
tee also has what it calls adult chapters
in Los Angeles, Calif.; San Francisco,
Calif.; Tampa, Fla.; Detroit, Mich.: Chi-
Richard Gibson, acting executive secretary
of Sh coennittee. He told it remarkable
story,
Thi, Fair] Play committee claims to repre-
sent ',000 ~leople in the United States and
can at A. I- has 23 chapters and 37 student
councils inl the United States. Mr. Gibson,
one of two t;ieople authorized to write checks
on th, committee's bank account, testified
that le had never asked where the money
came rom.! Why? So he couldn't be forced
to recaal Ire names of contributors. His
comas ttee,.lie said, kept no mernbership list,
using, instead, a general mailing list. Again,
we euapose', to avoid having to disclose the
names of mkimbers. Finally, Mr. Gibson said
he e.ic.n't know that his committee's execu-
tive secretary, who is now in Cuba, was sen-
tencad in phio in 1939 to serve up to 30
years n jai for armed robbery, auto theft,
and :kf 3napi~Ilg.
Wo r.ssunfe that the Senate subcommittee,
in e'..ic..ting': this testimony, had some legis-
lative 3urpikee in mind. But it doesn't mat-
ter very mi eh. The point is that the Fair
Play f:,r Cuba Committee, on the basis of
Mr. Gi son'b testimony, ought to be exposed
for wI at it is. The dupes who belong to it
and uzo c`,ntribute to it, assuming that
they sze drapes, ought to know what they
have t,3en I;onned into. And if this comes
within the iivveep of "exposure for exposure's
sake," ve ark all for It.
To 31egin with, the Star correctly as-
sumes that we had a legislative purpose
in mind wl en we-sought facts about the
Cuba ','omllittee. On this floor, I have
kept 3ena!tors continuously informed
about the committee. Our legislative
purpose wl,s stated three times at the
hear in la. ,0 Tuesday. At page 211 of
the he arini& transcript, I am quoted as
follow;: :
Then.. has] been evidence before this com-
mittee, swor.P. testimony, that advertisements
were placed; in the newspapers with funds
supplied by kiastro.
If your ag ney is not registered under the
Foreign Age;~ts Registration Act, this com-
mittee is interested, and we shall suggest
to the Attotney General that he may be
interested.
The foll0ving appears on page 225 of
the tr~ansc.kipt, quoting Subcommittee
Counsel Soi~rwine:
Them is etvidence before this committee
that lb : Fai Play for Cuba Committee is a
foreign-$pon ored propaganda organization.
ivia.; Yalo Alto, Calif.; and New York USA. life-wlent to know asUrnuch as weacan
City. about is activities for the purpose of deter-
Other chapters are located in Wash- mining the extent that it threatens the
ington;, D.C., Newark, Boston, New security of this country and what, if any,
Haven, Denver, Cleveland, Seattle, San leglslati is action can be taken to meet that
I
Diego, Hartford, Lynn, Mass., Santa threat.
Clara, Calif., Brooklyn, Queens, Bergen Mr.. 3ourvine commented further at
County', N.J. page 281: 11
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE May 23
Resolved by the House of Representatives sailors, even though the shipwrecks occurred But I fear that the cases of unwarranted
(the Senate concurring), That it is the sense more than 20 years ago. secrecy which come to light are only the top
of the Congress that such steps as may be A scientific study on a modern adaptation of the iceberg. Beneath the surface, a vast
necessary should be initiated in the Or- of the bow and arrow was classified secret. amount of information continues to be with-
ganization of Americau States to reevaluate After congressional pressure, the Immi- held,
the role of the Goverment of Cuba In inter- gration and Naturalization Service declassi- Perhaps the worst offender in silly secrecy
American affairs for the purpose of imposing fled a report in the use of public funds to is the Department of Defense. A classic ex-
sanctions under the Miter-American Treaty send border inspectors to rifle and pistol ample took place when the first Atlas com-
of Reciprocal Assistance; and also to exclude matches. munications representatives of the Government reason was of Cuba At one time, the State Department stored some reason only 88 of the many hundreds
from attendance at meetings of the Inter- gifts received by Federal officials from foreign of men working on the project were told its
American Defense Board. nations in a classified building. Under fire real purpose: to place in orbit a communica-
for this action the State Department fl 11
SECRECY IN GOVERNMENT
Mr. CARROLL. Mr. President, on
April 12 of this year, I introduced for
myself and the Senator from Michigan
[Mr. HART], the Senator from Missouri
[Mr. LONG], and the Senator from Wis-
consin [Mr. PROxMIRE], S. 1567, a bill
to amend section 3 of the Administra-
tive Procedure Act of 1946.
I said at that time that large sums
of the American people's money are being
spent by Government agencies. Such a
trust should be open to constant access
for review by the taxpayers and their
elected representatives in the executive
and legislative branches.
The junior Senator from Wisconsin
[Mr. PROxMIRE] is the author of an arti-
cle on this subject which was published
in This Week magazine of the Washing-
ton Sunday Star on May 14, 1961.
I ask unanimous consent that the ar-
ticle be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
LET'S STOP SILLY SECRECY IN GOVERNMENT
(By Senator WILLIAM PROXMIRE, Of
WASHINGTON.-A few years ago a Federal
agency decided to classify as secret the
amount of peanut butter used by our Armed
Forces; It was thought that an alert enemy
might be able to determine the size of our
forces from the amount of peanut butter
consumed.
This was a fuzzy-headed try at censorship.
Unfortunately, another Government agency
In Washington was at the same time publish-
ing reports which gave down to the last man
the size of our Armed Forces. These re-
ports weren't classified. Anyone could buy
them.
The peanut butter situation was one of
the more comic aspects in the continuing
battle between the dictates of secrecy and
the people's right to know. In recent years
the balance in this tug of war has swung
drastically to the side of secrecy.
We must reverse this situation before it
is too late. For Government is everybody's
business, and what you don't know about it
will hurt you.
Today thousands of Government decisions
are made in secret. You as a private citizen
cannot find out what is going on. Time and
time again we, your lawmakers, have also
been denied access to Important informa-
tion which is essential in representing you
responsibly and intelligently.
I have made a list of some of the more
fantastic examples of needless secrecy. The
list could run on for pages, but I've tried
to condense it for brevity's sake:
A group of college students prepared a
scrapbook of newspaper clippings, scientific
magazine articles, and articles from foreign
publications about atomic energy. The
Pentagon got wind of this, and classified the
whole scrapbook as top secret.
The secrecy stamp was placed on a report
describing shark attacks on shipwrecked
and reluctantly enter the build- message from the President. Of course, all of
tug. the employees had been cleared for top-secret
One result of this secrecy-happy approach work.
has been the creation of a giant mountain of To keep the secret from the others, the 88
classified documents. Each week our Gov- men had to sneak around the missile site at
ernment now classifies a stack of documents night altering circuits and rebuilding parts
higher than the Empire State Building. of the missile, changing what had been done
In the past 14 years we have accumulated during the day by the people who didn't
more than three times as much secret mate- know what the real purpose of the missile
rial as was classified in the entire history of was. You can guess at the confusion this
our Government from the Civil War to 1946, caused, and how much money was wasted.
and this includes all of World War II and the
Manhattan. Project, which built the first THE PENTAGON'S SECRET PHOTO
atomic bomb. On another occasion the Defense Depart-
What is being done to end this stifling ment refused to declassify photographs of
growth of secrecy? For one thing, we in the Titan missile for months after it had
Congress are trying to limit the number of been stored outside a factory near Denver,
agencies with the right to classify papers. viewed by local residents, seen on television
As you might imagine, once a Federal and photographed from a helicopter. Fl-
official is giyen the right to wield a secrecy pally-2 weeks before the 1958 congressional
stamp, he doesn't like giving it up. But re- elections, pictures of the President viewing
Gently the authority to classify documents the missile appeared. The Pentagon claimed
was withdrawn from some 30 Government it had wanted to avoid premature "bally-
agencies which included the Indian Arts and hoo." Or, putting it aonther way, they
Crafts Board, the Migratory Bird Conserva- wanted the ballyhoo, but at a time of their
tion Commission, and the Lincoln Sesquicen- own choosing.
tennial Commission. Let me underline one point: In the in-
Why do Government agencies desire to terests of national defense, it is absolutely
cloak their activities in secrecy, for reasons necessary to classify information about
other than national defense, or to prevent weapons, codes, strategies, and a number of
invasion of personal privacy? Nearly always other subjects. But I think that many of
the cause stemsfrom a desire to avoid pub- our military men are Infected with "secreti-
lie criticism of inefficiency and waste. De- tis." Their secrecy policies and procedures
visions considered and adopted without pub- must be reexamined
.
lie .^crutiny are much less subject to public There is no simple way to lift the giant
criticism, even though they affect many lid of secrecy over Washington. It is a con-
citizens. But with a Federal budget topping stant struggle In which we all must fight.
$80 billion, every citizen has the right to One thing that will help is new legislation.
know how his money is being spent. I am a sponsor, with Senator CARROLL, Of
'With a very few limited exceptions your Colorado, of S. 1567, which provides:
Government has no more right to deny you .1. All Government records, rulings, reports
access to all the facts than a hired book- and all other papers not specifically ex-
keeper has to deny the owner of a business eluded for reasons of national defense or
the right to see his books. This is your Gov- personal privacy be made public.
ernment. You own it, you pay for it. You 2. Except as justified by reasons of na-
have a right to know about it. And, yes, you tional defense, no, order or rule of a Gov-
have a duty to find out about it. ernment agency shall be valid unless made
THE FIGHT IN CONGRESS public.
Not all government secrecy conceals waste- 3. Any citizen may bring a suit in any
ful spending or graft. But the snap reflex of Federal district court to compel such public
any official on the verge of exposure is to inspection.
shroud his error by claiming a secrecy privi- Enactment of such a law would go a long
lege. Time and time again investigators have way toward ending the more flagrant ex-
pryed the screen aside and uncovered influ- amples of secrecy.
ence-peddling, embezzlement, and other vio- But it will take more than a new law
lations of the public trust. to end foolish secrecy. More and more citi-
We in Congress have begun to meet the zens must become increasingly aware of the
problem of unnecessary secrecy. dangers. You, the voter, should realize that
In the House of Representatives the Gov- every time a Federal official wields that se-
ernment Information Subcommittee, bril- crecy stamp unnecessarily you and the
liantly led by Representative JOAN E. Moss, people of your country are losing another
of California, has handled nearly 200 cases of bit of freedom.
Federal abridgement of freedom of informa- Laws will help end the secrecy mumbo-
tion. In over half the cases the subcom- jumbo. But in the long run the key figure
mittee succeeded in freeing the information in the fight for the right to know is the
from the censors. The House committee has citizen who keeps a vigilant and inquiring
been at work 6 years. The Senate Subcom- eye on his 'Government.
mittee on Constitutional Rights also has been
working on the problem. The vigilance of the
two committees has prevented much un-
necessary secrecy.
Two other nongovernment groups-the
American Society of Newspaper Editors and
Sigma Delta Chi, the national journalism
fraternity-have waged long and courageous
battles against unnecessary government sec-
recy.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
is it my understanding that the Senator
from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK] has the
floor and that he has yielded to me.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator is correct.
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
staliations the services are operating and about the basis of this request. The Gar- that su,,h sleeps as may be necessary
misch-Berehtesgaden area, which contains should ire initiated in the Organization
am of where they are located. several facilities for rest and recreation of of Anlecicala States to reevaluate the
I glad, too, to know that six and service personnel, supported completely by role of the G~) States nt of Cuba in inter-
these these instailaitions are being closed, and nonappropriated funds, was covered by our Americuti afrairs for the purpose of ier-
that further study as to the need for survey. We have not yet reached a decision
the ethers is continuing. on the future of these facilities. posing ?'.anctons under the Inter-Ameri-
I ask unanimous consent to have the We intend to pursue vigorously further an- can Tre 1ty of Reciprocal Assistance. ow 9,ccu-
facts the
~itio
-esol
lays
letter printed in the RECORD at this mualYsis of lated, the
weuexp ct r oahavena further line T wit a re and to Cuba,eand exP esses
point. report by June 30. In the meantime,'' this the sen;ie 01 Congress that the present
There beir no objection, the letter material is available for inspection or study Governineni of Cuba constitutes a clear
was ordered to o be Printed in the RECORD, by you or your staff. present, danger to the UUnited States
as follows: We have also requested the ri}ilitary de- and and to all the free the S d Latin
TtsE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, partmerits to study the use of full-time mili-nati of
Wa.shfngton, D.C., May 15, 1691. tary personnel engaged in the management America.
Hon. ALBERT GORE, and administration of all hotel-type accom- The itonci rrent resolution, Mr. Presi-
U.S. Senate. modations for the purpose of either reducing dent, -s;:4ecifically recites that "Cuba to- -
DEAR SENATOR GORE: This is first to report the numbers required, or, where feasible, day bas became a base and staging area
that, on the basis of the facts we have now considering their replacement by nonmili- fQr C:RnmliniSt subversive activities
accumulated from the various oversea com- tary personnel. throughout the hemisphere," and that
minds of tY. e military departments, as to I am sure you appreciate the problems in- "the ghoul Government of Cuba has
the hotels and hotel-type accommodations volved In balancing the need for adequate
in foreign areas, we have directed, as an official travel and recreation facilities for signi1Pd itt unquestioning acceptance
initial action measure, the orderly closing of military personnel in foreign countries, and of the So.t,iet line on international
the following hotels: for facilities that will minimize adverse affairs. '
1. The Palast Hotel, Wiesbaden, Germany. effects on our balance of payments position, I as],. un nim0us consent? Mr. Presi-
2. Hotel Powers, Paris, France. against the necessity for the lean and fit dent, that the full text of House Concur-
3. Columbia House, Tempelhof Central Defense Establishment that President Ken- rent R ?So11G'tiOri 226 may be printed in
Airport, Berlin, Court Hotel, United King- ne am has endin for. the RE "ORDi at this point at the conclu-
Armedd sion of+my'remarks.
dom4. . Newhaven Court Hotel, I am s chairmen of the of thSenate copies of and ! this letter, to the
enue Mr'. Pros:~derit, I want to express my
5. The Hotel de Paris, Paris, France. Services Committees.
own wry strong conviction that House
6. General BJohn K. Cannon Hotel, Ram- Sincerely, RoswELL GI PATRIC, Concu;-rent, Resolution 226 should be
stein Air r Basse, Germany.
In addition, we are directing the military Deputy. broU:;Ya t01 the floor of the Senate as
departments to adjust the rates charged
Chance: that colleagues s
personnel occupying hotel space on a leave Mr. GORE. It is my hope that the mquicl% as ock lave] thelble so that
basis, in order to provide the Government a Defense Department will pursue this
more favorable return. Travelers on official matter further, and close or consolidate affordtrd Mlembers of the other body to
business are subject to a flat 40-percent re- such activities, including hotels, as their expres=s th4~ir views with respect to the
auction of the per diem allowance estab- study indicates to be in the public in- Cuban situation.
lizhed for the locality under the joint travel terest. I arr, cor4fldent that an. overwhelming
regulations, and, in addition, pay a $1 to majority Ebf Senators will favor this
$1.50 daily service charge when they occupy OF 1961 resolutionf they get a chance to vote
Government quarters. This service charge SCHOOL ASSISTANCE,ACT on it, and' I shall do everything I can
is apparently the rate to which you referred
in your letter of February 4. I might point The Senate resumed the consideration to see the it the resolution is speedily
out that in a number of localities, official per of the bill (S. 1021) to authorize a pro- considered by the Committee on For-
diem rates are substantially higher for tray- gram of Federal financial assistance for eign Relations, and that it is reported
elers who cannot be accommodated in Gov- education. favor?!bly 'tio the Senate.
ernment quarters. Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I offer The .'e b(Eing no objection, the concur-
ter my amendment identified as "5-18 61- rent resohition (H. Con. Res. 226) was
The survey to which I. referred in my let-
of February 27 has disclosed the existence D" and ask that it be stated; and that ordered toll be printed in the RECORD, as
as 57 of a total of 00 hotels, u against the in I may then be permitted to yield to sev- follow:
Soli-
my the ti survey reported in
my first letter. In n addition, we have been oral Senators, including the Senator clarity .eas he N`i` rch 28,c1954ed claxesnthat the
informed by the military departments that from Connecticut, the Senator from of oat rc control 4f the political he
during the period 1949 to the present, they Massachusetts, and the Senator from domin sti qi? or any American state the political the in-
have closed a total of 499 hotels or hotel- Florida, without my losing the floor. ternatronali Communist movement, extend-
type accommodations in foreign countries The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- ing tc thiskhemisphere the political system
ties now ithroughouin the operation we For have all of the collected fdcin- out objection, it is so ordered. The clerk of e n extr .continental power, would con-
formation On occupancy y rates, charges, per er will state the amendment. l a tloreat to the sovereignty and po-
diem allowances, operating income and ex- The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 4 litical independence of the American States,
penses, the extent to which the activities are line 25, after "American Samoa," insert endat f eEa peace of mer ca, do con-
financed from moneys generated by non- "the .District of Columbia,". call f,..r a
cider he a~Ccecti ne of consul appropriate action in
appropriated fund activities, and the pur- On page 5, line 4, after "and (iii)" accor(Cance with existing treaties; and
appropriated
poses served by their a. insert "the allotment ratio for the Dis- Wh areas Cuba today has become a base
A prelrminarn rnalycis is has os been made of trict of Columbia shall be .50, and (iv) ". and stagin area for Communist subversive
your let our ur let- t- On page 5, line 24, after "American activity . throughout the hemisphere; and
the ities ta, .lationtch you referred reyou the in particular
eas ,the present Gof Cuba
facilities
ofie:rs a ea ele&r t and present danger Government the Cuba
ters. This analysis indicates that the Tor- Samoa," Insert "the District of Colum- W'h
rejon ate to near Madrid, is bra,". of :Pc itica, liberty, economic development,
not adequate to satisfy isfy the demand for ac- Or. page 6, line 11, after "American and s_rcial regress through all the Republics
I.a during 7 months the of the year.
In n fact, , that t demand exceeds tcombined Samoa," insert "the District of Colum- of th4: hem sphere; and
yrhsreasl the Declaration of Havana. of
capacity of the gue and the T o bra,". Septe nberi2, 1.960, was an open attack on the
housing annex (Balboa lbop Hotel), which h you u
suggested Organizati, n of American States clearly
the e possibility We propose the annex inav avaaillable
ble pobility of e to ACTION IN THE ORGANIZATION OF show, stand tdefiance ebf every r claimed
for civilian occupancy during this slack AMERICAN STATES TO REEVALU- Cuba a sta ds in the &I system; and (J' inter-American period. The facilities in Nurnberg, as I re- ATE THE ROLE OF THE GOVERN- 'VJY ereaeb the present Government of Cuba
ported in my letter of February 27, show a unq net profit to the Government, and are used MENT OF CUBA IN INTER-AMER- of stlaegSofyed dine onuestioningonc affance
primarily by enlisted military personnel and ICAN AFFAIRS and iet station their dependents t. on leave and change-of- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, the House NVktereasi representatives of the present
As to the Sanyo Hotel in
Tokyo, we e have been requested informally by of Representatives has approved a con- Goverumekit of Cuba continue to participate
the Department of State to maintain this current resolution (H. Con. Res. 226) in tb-s couicils of the Organization of Amer-
triservice facility, and we are inquiring expressing the sense of the Congress scan States: Now, therefore, be it
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE May 23
t
Sure, the Commissioner may ask for
advice, but he is not supposed to make
a ruling based upon pressure from the
executive branch or from anyone else.
If he did, Congress might as well stop
passing laws.
Ordinarily, it takes months to get
such a ruling. Most certainly one can-
not get a ruling as quickly in bureau-
cratic Washington as apparently the
organization in question secured its
ruling. The bureaus simply do not rule
that fast, and if they do then something
is wrong.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Is it not true
that the purchase of machinery, no mat-
ter for how humane a purpose, cannot
be regarded as a charitable undertaking
under any circumstance?
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Cer-
tainly. By no line of reasoning can it
be said that what is proposed to be given
to Mr. Castro is charity. Certainly it
cannot be ruled that blackmail pay-
ments to his regime are charity. I re-
peat the language of the law: tax ex-
emptions are for gifts made:
Exclusively for religious, charitable, scien-
tific, literary, or educational purposes or for
the prevention of cruelty to children or an-
imals.
How can Mr. Castro qualify under
any of those definitions?
Under the regulation which has been
issued under section 501(c), it is pro-
vided that a charitable organization, for
tax deduction purposes, includes organ-
izations which have been formed "to
combat community deterioration and
juvenile delinquency."
The closest Castro might come to
qualifying under that language would be
in the category of juvenile delinquency,
and I doubt their application will be
based upon helping Mr. Castro as a
"juvenile delinquent."
Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, will
the able Senator from Pennsylvania
yield me i minute, so that I may ad-
dress a question to the Senator from
Oregon?
Mr. CLARK. I yield 1 minute to the
Senator from Indiana.
Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, as I
understand, the able Senator from Ore-
gon [Mr. MORSE], chairman of the Sub-
committee on Latin American Affairs,
has stated that it is his understanding
that the chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations, the distinguished
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FULDRIGHTI,
will ask representatives of the State De-
partment to appear before the commit-
tee tomorrow. Is my undrstanding
correct?
Mr. MORSE. In a conversation with
the chairman of the committee, he said
he planned to ask representatives of the
State Department to appear before the
committee tomorrow afternoon. How-
ever, I cannot speak definitely for him.
Mr. CAPEHART. I did not wish to
leave the impression that the able
chairman of the Committee on Foreign
Relations or the able chairman of the
Subcommittee on Latin American Affairs
were not in any way cooperating in this
matter.
Mr. MORSE. I think it is fair to
say-and I believe the chairman of the
committee would say so, were he on the
floor-that he is concerned about the
situation, and desires that there be con-
sultation.
Mr. CAPEHART. The point is that
both the Senator from Arkansas and
the Senator from Oregon are cooperat-
ing to have these questions answered.
Mr. MORSE. The Senator is correct.
SCHOOL ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961
The Senate resumed the considera-
tion of the bill (S. 1021) to authorize
a program of Federal financial assist-
ance for education.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the text of my
amendment be printed at this point in
the RECORD instead of at a point some
minutes earlier, before the colloquy
which has just been concluded de-
veloped.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection?
There being no objection, the amend-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
On page 4, line 25, after "American
Samoa," insert "the District of Columbia,".
On page 5, line 4, after "and (iii)" insert
"the allotment ratio for the District of Co-
lumbia shall be .50, and (iv) ".
On page 5, line 24, after "American
Samoa," insert "the District of Columbia,".
On page 6, line 11, after "American
Samoa," insert "the District of Columbia,".
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the pur-
pose of the amendment is to increase
the allotment to the District of Colum-
bia for public school education purposes.
The formula provided in the bill for
apportioning the funds divided among
the States, the District of Columbia and
U.S. possessions, is unfair to the Dis-
trict of Columbia for a reason readily
apparent on examination of the bill.
One of the factors on which the ap-
portionment formula is based is income
per public school pupil, which is de-
termined by dividing the number of
school age children 5 to 17 inclusive by
the total income of individuals in the
State or district.
There is, of course, a highly artificial
element in the income of the District of
Columbia because there are many resi-
dents here with substantial income who
contribute little to the District of Co-
lumbia government because of exemp-
tions in the District's tax laws for Mem-
bers of Congress and certain other Gov-
ernment officials. Naturally this in-
flates the District of Columbia income
figure considerably with the result that
the District's allotment ratio is the
minimum permissible figure of 0.25 and
under the committee bill $9.26 share
per school age child provided the Dis-
trict is the lowest share for any State,
district, or possession.
Mr. President, having served on the
Committee on the District of Columbia
with the distinguished Senator from
Oregon [Mr. MORSE], who is in charge
of the bill, during the first 2 years of my
membership in the Senate, I had occa-
sion to learn at first hand the almost
pitiable condition of the schools of the
District of Columbia, schools which
should be really the showcase of our
public school system but which unfortu-
nately are far from that.
I have asked Mr. Charles Lee, a mem-
ber of the staff of the Subcommittee on
Education, to prepare a memorandum
concerning the educational needs of the
public school system of the District of
Columbia. I ask unanimous consent
that it be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the memo-
randum was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
MAY 11, 1961.
Memorandum to: Mr. John S. Forsythe.
From: Charles Lee, professional staff mem-
ber, Education Subcommittee.
In response to your request the following
information concerning educational needs in
the public school system In the District of
Columbia is respectfully submitted:
1. Total enrollment------------- 121,448
Elementary ----------------------- 80,805
Junior high school________________ 24,419
Senior high school________________ 12,696
Vocational high school------------ 2,274
Americanization School ------------ 674
Veterans High School Center ------- 551
Capitol Page School--------------- 29
2. Teachers --------------------- 4,500
Fully accredited--------------------- 3,200
Uncertified ------------------------- 1,300
29.4 percent of teachers lack full accredit-
ation.
3. School buildings:
According to a recent survey conducted by
the Office of Education there are 49 school
buildings definitely substandard which
should be replaced out of a total of 165
buildings currently being used for schools.
An example of the type of school building
for which replacement is being sought is
Hines Junior High School. This structure
was built in 1894. In part It was con-
demned in 1923. It has been used consis-
tently since that date although the audi-
torium is boarded up and one-half of the
top floor is cut off. The situation has been
repeatedly brought to the attention of the
District officials by the Members of the
Senate District Committee. Senator MORSE
in the 86th Congress warned the District in
a statement on the floor of the Senate that
the building was a potential fire hazard.
Some 3 months later a fire occurred. For-
tunately, at the time there was no injury or
loss of life because the pupils under excel-
lent discipline were quickly evacuated.
4. Fiscal situation in the District of
Columbia:
For fiscal year 1962 a total budget of $291,-
400,000 has been requested. This amount
includes $54,600,000 for operations and main-
tenance, including salaries, of the school
system. Capital outlay for the school system
is $9,200,000. A revenue deficit is forecast
for the general fund (on the assumption
that Federal payment will be as in the past
$25 million annually) in the amount of
$32 million.
Revenue possibilities being explored in-
clude a legislative program to increase Dis-
trict sales taxes, increase taxes on liquors,
additional taxes on cigarettes, and a change
in the method of computing the corporation
income tax, all of which, if enacted, would
yield $14 million. In this connection, it
might be noted that the Senate and the
House in the 86th Congress could not agree
upon requested tax increases.
Real estate is taxed In the District cur-
rently at $2.30 per $100 of assessed valuation
(assessed value is computed at 55 percent
of full value). For fiscal year 1963, District
Commissioners had indicated that they
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Today, 186 years later, during which time
we have grown from an infant Nation of un-
limited courage to a mighty Nation which
appears suddenly to have lost her national
conscience, we might ask whether life is so
dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at
the price of blatant blackmail? We think
not.
Shades of Ciecrge Washington, shades of
Patrick Henry, shades of Thomas Jefferson,
shades of Capt. John Paul Jones, shades of
Admiral Farragut, shades of Abraham
Lincoln, shades of Teddy Roosevelt, shades
of Iwo Jima and Anzio.
What in heaven's name goes on here in the
home of the free and the land of the brave?
That should be the philosophy of every
Senator.
I said yesterday, and I repeat, How
silly and ridiculous can we get? Ac-
cording to a ticker tape report, the Pres-
ident of the United States has told the
majority leader today that the Govern-
ment is going to have nothing to do with
this matter. So I ask again, Who is
running the State Department? Who
is running the Government? Is it Mrs.
Roosevelt or Mr. Reuther or Dr. Milton
Eisenhower? Or is it the President of
the United States? The Senate should
find out. Certainly the American people
are interested in knowing. What right
do we have to deal with a blackmailer like
Castro? What right do we have even
to be considering making $15 million or
$20 million tax deductible? That would
mean that the American taxpayers would
contribute 80 percent in taxes. I re-
peat, How silly and how cowardly can
we in the United States become?
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may yield 5
minutes to the Senator from Delaware
without my losing the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr.
President, I wish to join the Senator from
Indiana in denouncing the so-called
tractor deal with Castro. I call partic-
ular attention to an article published in
the New York Times of today. I will
quote from it, as follows:
The Tractors for Freedom Committee was
organized this morning to provide a formal
group for the collection of contributions.
The article is dated today. It states
that the group was organized this morn-
ing. I continue to read from the article:
In discussions over the last 3 days, the
Government had. ruled that contributions to
the committee would be tax exempt, given
assurances that export licenses would be
granted for a shipment of the tractors, and
told committee officials they would not be
considered to be violating the Logan Act
forbidding private citizens from negotiating
with foreign governments.
I raise the question of the propriety
of a tax exemption. However, first I ask
how can the Treasury rule on an appli-
cation for a tax exemption for an or-
ganization prior to the time that it has
even been organized, or prior to the time
that it could possibly have filed an
application'?
At this point I would like to read the
law on the establishment of tax-exempt
organizations. I quote section 170(c)
of the 1954 Tax Code:
Section 170(c) of the 1954 code defines
the term "charitable contribution" for pur-
poses of the deduction to include any con-
tribution to an entity organized in the
United States "? * * exclusively for religious,
charitable, scientific, literary, or educational
purposes or for the prevention of cruelty to
children or animals * * ?" providing "no
substantial part of the activities is attempt-
ing to influence legislation." The word
"charitable" is not defined or explained in
the statute.
The word "charitable" is not defined
or explained in the statute, but the regu-
lations under section 501(c) (3) more
fully defines what the term inclules. I
quote that regulation:
Relief of the poor and distressed or of the
underprivileged; advancement of religion;
advancement of education or science; erec-
tion or maintenance of public buildings,
monuments, or works; lessening of the
burdens of Government; and promotion of
social welfare by organizations designed to
accomplish any of the above purposes, or
(1) to lessen neighborhood tensions; (il) to
eliminate prejudice and discrimination; (iii)
to defend human and civil rights secured by
law; or (iv) to combat community deterio-
ration and juvenile delinquency.
By no stretch of the imagination can
the Department refer to Mr. Castro's
regime as a religious organization. Cer-
tainly his regime is not a charitable or-
ganization. It is not a scientific organi-
zation. There is nothing about Mr.
Castro which would contribute to liter-
ary or educational purposes. Under the
act those are the only reasons on the
basis of which a ruling can be made
that such contributions can be said to be
tax exempt.
Certainly this is not charity; it is
nothing short of-international blackmail.
I hope the Committee on Finance will
give this question attention the first
time the Secretary of the Treasury is
before us. Certainly we should get the
answers to these questions: First, did
the committee to aid the Cubans get
a ruling as reported in the New York
Times? If so, how could the Internal
Revenue Service have made such a
ruling for a group before it was organ-
ized? How could this ruling have been
made before the Internal Revenue Serv-
ice had received the application? A
committee cannot file an application
until after it has been organized. How
could the Internal Revenue Service re-
view ar.Ld evaluate what was an an appli-
cation filed by a group which had not
yet been organized
As the Senator from Indiana said, I
think it is time we found out who is
managing this fast action, who is giving
assurance to this committee that, tax
exemptions will be granted.
Mr, SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
will the Senator from Delaware yield?
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I have
the floor. I yield to the Senator from
Massachusetts.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the
Senator from Pennsylvania.
First can there be a ruling by the
Internal Revenue Service without a
policy 'being established by the admin-
istration?
Second, is it not true that the legal
interpretation of "charitable organiza-
tion" is based upon charities located
within the United States and not char-
ities located outside the United States?
Mr. WIL: JAMS of Delaware. The
answer to tl a Senator's second question
is as 1,e hi s stated. The law relates
to cent:ibutlions made to organizations
in the Unit !d States, not to those lo-
cated o..;tsid the United States.
Will the Senator please repeat his first
questi o t?
Mr. SSSAL7 ONSTALL. My first ques-
tion wa.5, How can a ruling be made by
the Int rna Revenue Service concern-
ing a i Lrobl em of this kind without a
policy lravii g been established by the
State Department or the administration
as to v;hetl er what is proposed in an
organiz?d effort and a proper effort by
U.S. cit zeni.
Mr. _i VE JAMS of Delaware. The
Treasury E apartment, in making its
ruling, oul(~ properly consult the State
Departs cent and ascertain some of the
background of the committee. How-
ever, fi:al ulings are supposed to be
based u on he merits of the case as ap-
plied ti int .rp:retations of the law, not
upon si ~ecia appeal made by the state
Department or anyone else, in the execu-
tive breach.
The rulings are supposed to be based
upon lr-.w. 1 have read the law. The
Treasury Department has no right to
issue ar. arb~trar'y ruling merely to com-
ply wits th~~ wishes of anyone in any
agency of tae Government, whether he
be in the legislative branch or the execu-
tive bre.nch.
We hive 1 ad similar trouble along that
line b:` fore several years ago, the
executi=re b] anch insisted upon the is-
suance of a ruling by the Treasury De-
partlne at w Lich permitted certain large
contrib itor-' to the Democratic Party to
be writ ;en i~ff as charitable deductions.
There were over half a million dollars
worth of su(Ih contributions. Under that
ruling the Democratic National Commit-
tee was in elect classified as a charitable
organi21tior- for tax deductible purposes.
When -liscclvered though, they hastily
reversed thi;~ ruling.
The PR: ,SIDING OFFICER. The
time of the Senator from Delaware has
expired.
Mr. CLA:kK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous onsent that :[ may yield 2
additiotial rkiinutes to the Senator from
Delays re.
The PRE~>IDING OFFICER. With-
out o'oj~~ctioti, it is so ordered.
Mr. TVILIjIAMS of Delaware. I thank
the Ser:atori from Pennsylvania.
Mr.1,[OR'~'ON. Mr. President, will the
Senate.. fro 1 Delaware yield?
Mr.. 1iiTILI' AMS of Delaware. I yield.
Mr. MORTON. Is not the Democratic
NationL-1 Committee a charitable organi-
zation? [L ughter.l
Mr. WIL LIAMS of Delaware. The
rulings of the Internal Revenue Service
are suppose to be based upon strict in-
terpretation of the law, after the Com-
missior,er of Internal Revenue has had
the a;pi.lication of the organization sub-
mitted 1o hi: and after he has evaluated
all the points raised in the application.
If the exec itive branch can get these
rulings mere ly upon request without re-
gard a; to merits, then why have a
Comrni.sionler?
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 8064
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE May 43
United States, directly or Indirectly com-
mences or carries on any correspondence or
intercourse with any foreign government or
any officer or agent thereof, with intent to
influence the measures or conduct of any
foreign government or of any officer or agent
thereof, in relation to any disputes or con-
troversies with the United States, or to de-
feat the measures-of the United States, shall
be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned
not more than 3 years, or both. This section
shall not abridge the right of a citizen to
apply, himself or his agent, to any foreign
government or the agents thereof for redress
of any injury which he may have sustained
from such government or any of its agents
or subjects (title 18, sec. 953 U.S.C.A.)."
The basic theory behind the Logan Act
is that this Nation should speak with only
one voice when it deals with other nations.
No one save the President, or, with his ap-
proval, some specified individual, may pre-
sume to speak for the United States.
This basic rule is as good today as it was
when enacted in the early days of the Re-
public.
But, Mr. President, there is a shadowland
between the legitimate activity involved In
the organization of special interest groups
to influence foreign policy and the illegiti-
mate activity proscribed by the Logan Act.
The questionable operation of individuals
and groups in this area of foreign relations
is illustrated by a recent dispatch in the
New York Times. On April 15 the Times
reported the activities of two maritime
unions which picketed and thus prevented
the unloading of the Egyptian passenger
and cargo ship, the Cleopatra. The osten-
sible reason for this activity was that the
unions by this demonstration protest the
action of the United Arab Republic in boy-
cotting ships that have traded with Israel
or called at Israeli ports.
I hold no brief for UAR interference with
international traffic passing through the
Suez Canal. The point is, however, that the
U.B. Government is proceeding through dip-
lomatic channels to promote free passage
through the canal. The Israeli Government,
which complains that the VAR stops its
ships, has available to it the procedures of
the United Nations as well as other diplo-
matic devices for urging Its views on the
Government of the UAR. Yet, despite the
official actions of the United States, we find
private groups proceeding by coercive devices
of their own to interfere with the oftlcial
activities of our Government in the field of
foreign policy.
These maritime unions do not seek an
economic result related to wages or working
conditions. Rather, they seek to force po-
litical action in an area of most delicate
International negotiation.
I am not privy to any international secrets
involving efforts to reopen the canal to
Israeli shipping. But let us suppose that
the work of U.N. Secretary General Ham-
marskjold, aided by the good offices of the
United States and other governments, near-
ing a conclusion. Were this the case, I can
imagine few interventions by private
groups-such as these unions-which might
be more clearly calculated to thwart the
objectives of our Government's foreign pol-
icy; in this case, peace, and stability in the
Middle East.
Subsequent to drafting these remarks, my
attention has been called to the fact that
the State Department has informed the pick-
eting unions that their conduct is embar-
rassing this Nation in the conduct of Its for-
eign policy.
My objection to this kind of activity ? Is
an objection of principle, not of specifics.
I understand that the Internal Rev-
enue Service at this very moment is
meeting, and may be deciding that they
will make the $15 or $20 million involved
a tax deductible item. I have also heard
the rumor today that there is talk about
people trying to figure out a way of per-
haps shipping the tractors to Canada
and then reshipping them to Cuba, and
that they are tryng to figure out some
way of going behind the law requiring
the obtaining of an export license be-
fore these t>K'actors can be shipped to
Cuba.
This leads me to an editorial which
appeared in the Indianapolis News of
yesterday, from which I should like to
read:
Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President: I would
be happy to yield to the Senator from
Indiana, but I had promised that I would
yield to the Senator from Delaware
{Mr. WILLIAMS1 first for not in excess
of 5 minutes, after which I shall be
happy to yield to the Senator from In-
diana.
Mr. CAPEHART. The Senator from
Delaware [Mr. WILLIAMS] is willing to
yield to me now.
Mr. CLARK. Then I am happy to
yield to my friend from Indiana.
Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, yes-
terday I took the floor to inquire whether
or not the Tractors for Freedom Com-
mittee has been officially recognized by
our Government. While some of that
committee claim that they are operat-
ing officially, we have not had any word
of this.
Today I am asking the President of the
United States, or the Secretary of State,
or any other responsible official, whether
or not these people are acting with the
advice and consent of our Government,
or whether or not they are in violation
of the Logan Act of 1799.
The spirit of the Logan Act is that
there will be only one voice speaking for
our Government, and that private in-
dividuals cannot take it upon themselves
to speak for our Government.
Chairman Fulbright of the Foreigrf
Relations Committee aptly summed this
up last year in discussing the role of some
of the Israelis in the Suez Canal dis-
pute. I am enclosing a copy of his state-
ment on April 25, 1960, made on the
floor of the Senate.
I am also asking Chairman FULSRIGRT
to call the responsible Government of-
ficials before the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee immediately in an effort to ascer-
tain once and for all who is running this
country and by whose authority are we
going to be blackmailed.
I wish to read what the chairman of
the Committee on Foreign Relations,
the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FUL-
BRIGHT] stated on April 25, 1960:
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, for some
years I have become Increasingly concerned
at the development in the United States of
special pressure groups for purposes of
pushing U.S. foreign policies In special-in-
terest directions.
We must, of course, accept the concept
that in a democracy such as ours shipping
Interests will pressure Congress and the
Executive to adapt foreign policies so they
may serve collaterally, at least, the shipping
Intrests; citizens will organize to promote
foreign aid, or to oppose foreign aid; ex-
porters will seek foreign policies to develop
new markets and importers will seek policies
that may hurt domestic manufacturers;
religious groups will seek to promote some
policies and oppose others.
Our representative Government is de-
signed to deal with these special interests,
to balance them, and ultimately to develop
policies which will skillfully blend conflict-
ing interests in such a way that the total
national interest will be served.
There are limits, however, beyond which
special interests cannot go without under-
mining the conduct of our foreign policies.
Many years ago, Congress enacted the so-
called Logan Act. It reads as follows:
"Any citizen of the United States, wherever
he may be, who, without authority of the
WHAT GOES ON HERE?
As of this writing, self-appointed private
citizens' groups-the most notable headed
by Eleanor Roosevelt, Walter Reuther, and
Milton Eisenhower-are raising money for
the release of some 1,200 Cuban rebels, cap-
tured during the recent unsuccessful at-
tempt to rescue their homeland from Com-
munist rule. The money, $20 million, will
be used to purchase tractors or bulldozers
for Fidel Castro's Red regime.
One newspaper, supporting the idea of a
trade with Castro, declared in a front page
editorial that it believes "a human fife is
worth more than a machine," and so do we.
But, if, for the purpose of preserving human
lives, we submit to Castro's brazen black-
mail attempt, we will be opening the door
to every future tyrant and bully boy, large
or small, who decides to make a laughing
stock out of the United States. Also, there
is the little matter of the law, conveniently
overlooked by the State Department, pro-
hibiting private citizens from negotiating
with foreign governments. The activities
of these self-appointed committees, unof-
ficially supported by our Government, are
unprecented in our own history or in the
history of international diplomacy.
Castro is not offering this deal because he
especially needs 500 tractors, although he
certainly could put them to good use in help-
ing to solve his dire farm problem. He
offered the deal precisely because he and his
Communist bosses want to see exactly how
far they can push the United States before it
stops acting like a sniveling coward and once
again flexes its national muscles. Why else
did Havana radio gloatingly announce that
Castro would deal only with the United
States-and remember, the 1,200 prisoners
are Cubans, not U.S. citizens-and not with
a neutral country.
What happened to that national pride we
displayed in 1797, when after the unsavory
French foreign minister Talleyrand de-
manded a bribe as the price of negotiating
with the United States, our envoy Charles C.
Pinckney replied with his memorable, "Mil-
lions for defense, but not one cent for
tribute." What happened to the courage
displayed by our Nation in 1853, when, after
Austria kidnapped a former citizen who had
since taken out his first U.S. citizenship
papers, an American war sloop pulled into
the harbor of Smyrna (where the prisoner
was being held) and its commander ordered
the Austrian commander to return the man
or face immediate consquences? (Naturally,
the man was returned.)
How different today. It's bad enough we
supplied the push to the rebel invasion of
Cuba, and then lacked the courage to see it
through to victory. It's bad enough that we
allow Castro to insult our Nation, and pub-
licly declare his island a part of the Soviet
bloc. But to pay blackmail to his Commu-
nist government, just days after both our
President and our House of Representatives
agree that it constitutes "a clear and present
danger" to our sovereignty, is nothing short
of fantastic.
Patrick Henry once asked his fellow men,
"Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be pur-
chased at the price of chains and slavery?"
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 1961
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
TRIBUTE TO SENATORS STYLES
BRIDGES AND NORIS COTTON
Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Mr. President,
I happened to read an editorial recently
concerning two of my Republican col-
leagues, which I should like to bring to
the attention of the Senate.
The editorial, which appeared in the
May 19 edition of the Nashua, N.H., Tele-
graph, pays tribute to Senators STYLES.
BRIDGES and NoRRrs COTTON for their in-
terest in the welfare of that community
of some 40,001) persons.
Having served in the Senate for some
time with these two able gentlemen, I
have long been aware of their substan-
tial contributions to the welfare of the
country, as well as to the State of New
Hampshire. However, it is gratifying to
note that their service to the city of
Nashua has received editorial recogni-
tion.
I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi-
dent, that the editorial from the Nashua
Telegraph entitled "Kudoes," be printed
in the body of the REcoimw.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
KVDOES
Several Important Federal projects will
provide jobs for Nashuans and add consider-
ably to our economy during the next few
years, thanks to the vigilance and support
of our New Hampshire Senators STYLES
BRIDGES and NoasIs COTTON.
Ground-breaking ceremonies will take
place early next month for'the new $5 mil-
lion air safety control center which will rise
In the south end of the city and which will
be in operation late in 1962. That figure is
for the cost of the building alone. When It
Is completely equipped the Federal Govern-
ment will have invested more than $15 mil-
lion in the project.
Within 90 days the Government will ask
for bids on a new post office, which will be
leased from the builder for a long term.
This building will arise on a site other than
the present post office property, which has
outlived its usefulness in this growing com-
munity.
Here again the interest and enthusiasm of
Senators nRIDGES and CoTToN is evident.
Both have been working on the needed new
post office building for many months and
their efforts have been successful. Without
their help and aid the project might well
have been delayed many months, regardless
of the need.
Both projects will offer a number of jobs
to local citizens during their construction
stage, thus adding to our payrolls which feed
the economy of our retail business.
When the air safety center is completed
it will mean'the eventual moving to Nashua
of about 200 er:perienced personnel needed to
man this station. This, again, will be a
tremendous boost to our community, along
with some obligations, too.
A vote of thanks should be given the two
New Hampshire Senators for their continued
interests in the welfare of Nashua.
ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT UNTIL
9 A.M. TOMORROW
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Pennsylvania yield?
Mr. CLARK. I yield to the Senator
from Montana.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I ask unanimous
consent that when the Senate concludes
its deliberations today, it stand In ad-
journment until 9 o'clock tomorrow
morning.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, 1: ask
unanimous consent that I may yield for
not more than 5 minutes to the senior
Senator from Ohio [Mr. LAUSCHE] who
has some remarks he desires to address
to the Senate.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is
there objection to the request of the
Senator from Pennsylvania? The
Chair hears none, and it is sa ordered.
J -
THE CUBAN SITUATION
in my individual capacity, as a member
of the Committee on Foreign Relations,
to express an opinion on the proposal
made by Castro that he will release the
1,200 Cuban prisoners captured by him
in the recent invasion in exchange for
500 tractors from the United States.
I do not feel that I can be simply an
auditor and spectator with regard to
this grave problem confronting our
country. My sympathies and compas-
sion naturally are for those 1,200 men.
I would like to urge that the proposal be
accepted but I can not do so. Castro is
demanding ransom. He is blackmailing
not only the Government of the United
States but also its citizens. He antici-
pates that we will yield. He views us as
a rag without character. As a conse-
quence of what happened in Cuba, we
have lost our prestige in the world to a
degree that is beyond calculation at the
present time. If we yield to Castro in
his demand for tribute, such action will
only constitute a message to our friends
throughout the world who wonder why
we yield to every demand made by
Khrushchev, Castro, and their cohorts.
The demand is one for tribute and re-
quires that we abjectly surrender. In
my judgment, we cannot do so and pre-
serve our honor. We could not do so
and still declare to the world that we
will not become the victims of blackmail
and the demands for ransom and the
trembling slaves of Communist threats.
Moreover, I think that under no cir-
cumstances should our Government per-
mit private citizens to become negotia-
tors in our international relations, and
that point applies regardless of the dig-
nity and the worth of the citizens who
are attempting to act as such negatia-
tors. Whatever is done should be done
through_ the proper representatives of
our Government. When we allow indi-
viduals to become the negotiators, we are
abandoning the ? very principles upon
which our Government is built.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. CLARK. I yield to the Senator
from Oregon.
Mr. MORSE. I merely wish the REC-
ODR to show that I completely share the
point of view that the Senator from
Ohio [Mr. LAUSCHE] has expressed. I
happen to believe that the foreign policy
of t1: 4s country should be run by the
White Hot
and not b
not kl.ow
be
se and the State Department
volunteer commitees. I do
There the end of the rope will
May I h,ye the attention of the Sena-E,
for from I idiana [Mr. C'APEHART], when
I make th]e following comment. I also
believi', that the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate is entitled to
know from one Mr. Dean Rusk, Secre-
tary (f St ,te;, as to whether or not the
State Dep;
shape or fi
grain of I
nou:nced i
peopir .
Mr. YO1
will my co
Mr. CLA
that i.he
lumbia, so
will hive i
the mood
am perfect
irtment in any way, manner,
srrn gave clearance to the pro-
his committee before it an-
ts program to the American
'NG of Ohio. Mr. President,
league yield?
RK. Mr. President, I can see
ffairs of the District of Co-
far as education is concerned,
o take a back seat. Knowing
and temper of the Senate, I
ly willing to continue to yield,
time b.befor
like t:) ha,
Mr. LAI
guish=d co
Mr. YO1
I ccn;;ratt
:t we go home tonight I should
re my amendment considered.
ISCHE. I yield to my distin-
Ileague.
;rNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
late my colleague, the distin-
guish-?d sdnior Senator from Ohio; and
commend iim for the magnificent state-
ment he has made today concerning
what prop sr American policy should be.
One J'Aund ed and sixty-four years ago
a great American, Charles C. Pinckney
said, "Millions for defense, but not one
Cent for tijbiate."
I filly t grig` with my colleague that,
as far as the Government of the United
State : is concerned and as far as in-
dividral Americans are concerned, that
statement should be the sentiment fol-
lowed by Americans now,. If we pay this
ranso.n, our national conscience will
have :"alle: a to a new low. We must not
yield to MIS flagrant attempt at extor-
tion. l;y Cm stro.
Mr. LA1 'SCHE. Mr. President, I ex-
press ;rat: tude to the Senator from Ore-
gon Mr. MORSE] and to my colleague
from Ohio [Mr. YouNri, who was a
prose.:utol for many, many years, and I
believe he;knows clearly the meaning of
blackmail.
N[r, CAl EHART. Mr. President, will
the Senate r yield?
1M[r. CL~%_RK. Mr. President, I be-
lieve ;" hay e the floor.
Mr LA JSCHE. Mr. President, will
the 1ena or from Pennsylvania yield
furthtyr?
Mr. CLi RK. I yield.
Mr. LA JSCHE. In ray opinion, the
Treasury Department should be cau-
tious in 1 he manner in which it ap-
proaches 1 his problem. It is rather dis-
tresL g to observe newspaper reports
ind:ic-,ting that the Treasury Depart-
ment has approved this proposal even
before it bas ripened into a state where
it has as; umed its proper form. The
question of giving tax exemption to
donors of funds for this purpose under
no ciicum stances should be determined
in an mf Inner except under the law. I
doubt ver much that the question has
been cons dered in that manner.
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 A3678 Approved M t0/AgC,?DPM 9. 68000200160031-3 May 23
industrial development here. More on the
humanitarian side is the institute's exten-
sive cancer program. This is a laborious ef-
fort that may eventually yield important
results for the human race.
Dr. Kimball, now in his 11th year as Mid-
west president, must receive much of the
credit for the institute's swift development.
A sincere and energetic group of trustees---
from all over the Nation-also deserves
praise. But, basically, the day-to-day con-
tributions of the staff of 300 technical
people must rank at the front. These
chemists, physicists, engineers and mathe-
maticians produce the results that have
meant success.
Research in the United States is changing
rapidly. The decades ahead will present new
problems to the staff at the institute and
elsewhere. Research costs are rising swiftly.
More expensive equipment must be bought.
Skilled people demand higher salaries. In
certain fields, shortages of some qualified
people create difficulties. But industry and
Government recognize the importance of re-
search. Kimball predicts that national ex-
penditures for research will exceed $20 bil-
lion within 9 ears.
Kansas City largely through Midwest Re-
search, is sure to have an important role
in these developments. This is a com-
munity facility that has admirably fulfilled
the vision of its founders. It serves the
Nation's headland-and the Nation.
tion as to public passenger transportation,
the court enunciated the compromise doc-
trine of "separate but equal" in Plessy v.
Returning Fiscal Control to Congress
Civil War Centennial Conceived in an Ab-
set-Minded Moment: 1954 Court Deci-
sion Celebration More Appropriate
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 23, 1961
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend to the attention of our colleagues
the following letter which appeared in
the New York Herald Tribune of May 21,
1961. Justice Hofstadter, one of Amer-
ica's most distinguished jurists, makes
a point which we should all think about
with reference to the centennial of the
Civil War:
FORGET THE CIVIL WAR, HAIL THE COURT
DECISION
To the NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE:
It would seem sensible quietly to abandon
the celebration of the centennial of the Civil
War, which was conceived in an absent-
minded moment, and to memorialize, in-
stead, the 17th day of May, which would
fittingly exemplify its spirit. On that day in
1954, a unanimous Supreme Court rendered
the fateful decision in Brown v. Board of
Education effecting school desegregation.
The complex of civil liberties decisions
beginning with the Brown case at long last
have honored, in truly implementing, the
promise of the 14th Amendment. That en-
actment had formalized and broadened the
Proclamation-and the proposition that all
men were born free and equal. The 14th
Amendment articulated a grand promise
which apparently the Nation was unprepared
to fulfill at once. Even three decades later
the Nation would not fulfill its covenant
of equality, a covenant which really went
back to the Declaration of Independence.
Faced with the problem of equal protec-
Ferguson, in 1898, notwithstanding the sub- EXTENSION OF REMARKS
lime fact as the first Justice Harlan put in OF
dissent: "The Constitution is colorblind."
The Court was uneasy with Its principle HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
of compromise. Thus, it retraced its steps OF WASHINGTON
fronn time to time, in a series of cases which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
eroded the Plessy formulation.
In Buchanan v. Warley, it voided a city Tuesday, May 16, 1961
ordinance requiring Negroes to live in one Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, on May 22,
part of town and whites in another. And
in McCabe v. Atchison, T. & S. F. Railway, 1961, the Christian Science Monitor Car-
a law permitting a carrier to provide sleep- ried a thought-provoking editorial which
ing and dining cars only for whites was pointed up certain facts and gave its
invalidated. State of Missouri ex rel. Gaines conclusions on the subject of backdoor
v. Canada held that a State which established spending.
a law s
h
l
i
i
c
oo
w
th
n its borders for whites
must do likewise for Negroes.
Sweatt V. Painter held that legal educa-
tion in a separate law school was not equal,
and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
held that enforced segregation of a Negro
student admitted to the graduate school was
invalid, as it handicapped him in the pur-
suit of graduate studies. Finally, in inevita-
ble sequence, Brown V. Board of Education
in a historic opinion by Chief Justice War-
ren held in 1954 that segregation of public
schoolchildren solely on the basis of race,
even though physical facilities and other
tangible factors may be equal, deprives the
children of minority groups of equal op-
portunities, and is therefore unconstitu-
tional.
The court quoted from Gunnar Myrdal's
great sociological treatise on the Negro,
"The American Dilemma," as well as from
certain works in the field of psychology.
Treatises do not make the law but analyze
conditions out of which law grows. The law
has been frequently influenced by nonlegal
sources: socioeconomics, science and litera-
ture. Such examples come to mind as the
Influence of Dickens on England's child labor
laws and of Charles Reads on laws relating
to mental institutions and penology. Forty
years ago Cardozo had already noted that the
"force which is becoming the greatest of
them all is social justice which finds its
outlet in. the methods of sociology."
Though the segregation cases may have
strained State-Federal relations for the time
being, In an ultimate view they make for
increased national well-being and strength-
in harmony at home and influence abroad.
They may have a significant impact on our
country's leadership of a free world which
includes Asia and Africa. They will con-
tinue to have political and social implica-
tions of the greatest import for us and the
world at large.
One aspect of the practical legislative
procedure regarding this debated method
of financing programs was not men-
tioned by this worthy newspaper; name-
ly, that if the Rules of the House of
Representatives gave one committee ex-
clusive jurisdiction over spending bills,
the emergency or special case could al-
ways be allowed by the Rules Commit-
tee. All it would have to do is report a
rule on a bill which waived all points
of order. Otherwise, all regular ap-
propriation legislation would have to
come from one committee which would
evaluate the need of programs as against
the available revenue.
However, until mere editorials like
this stimulate public opinion, I suppose
the Congress will continue to forego its
constitutional responsibility to scruti-
nize all Federal expenditures,
Under leave to do so, I include the
editorial in question:
BACKDOOR SPENDING; FRONT-DOOR AID
The fight made by financial conservatives
in Congress against one feature of the area
redevelopment bill appears due to be re-
peated on a possibly intensified scale against
President Kennedy's expected plans for aid
to underdeveloped countries.
The feature most in issue is a mode of
financing which bypasses the congressional
appropriations committees and authorizes
governmental units to borrow from the
Treasury for their expenditures. This in
turn forces the Treasury to borrow and the
debt may or may not be paid off. Critics
call it back-door spending.
The record of such operations is partly
good, partly bad. It began with the Recon-
struction Finance Corporation during the
Some historians and legal scholars recog- depression 1930's. After that came the Com-
nize that the Brown decision was a heroic modity Credit Corporation, Export-Import
step forward and a necessary one, and that Bank, Home Owners Loan Corporation, and
consummate leadership went into securing many other agencies. Of such ]endings, to-
the necessary unanimous ruling. But they taling some $108 billion, about half have
suggest that it could have been a much more been repaid, nearly one-fourth have had to
cogently written and thought-out opinion, be canceled or made up by appropriations,
and it would have been a more lawyer-like and more than a fourth are still owed.
one. The writer dissents from this view. The area redevelopment bill added $300
It is not inartistic to paint with a broad million to the lending authorization. This
brush when the subject matter is sufficiently was stubbornly resisted In the House of Rep-
broad to require it. The Brown case was the resentatives, but the House authorized more
grand climax of the complex of cases which than 10 times that much for veterans' hous-
turned away from Plessy. A compelling pro- ing loans and farm surplus disposal without
nouncement of judicial statesmanship was serious objection.
greatly to be preferred to a professional dis- As to the foreign aid program, the admin-
sertation, however well documented. istration, It is understood, will ask authority
Plessy was the polity formulation of com to borrow $7.3 billion from the Treasury
promise-and expedient of its time. Brown over a period of 5 years. This in turn will
is also polity formulation in the perspective be loaned for long terms and at low inter-
of the changing climate of opinion-a tri- est rates to countries presenting acceptable
umph of the American ideal of freedom and development programs.
equality under law. If the recent "soft-term" credit to Hon-
SAMUEL H. HOFSTADER, duras, the first announced by the new In-
Justice, Supreme Court of the State ternational Development Association, Is a
of New York. criterion, even full repayment after 50 years
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i 1961 1`Vt1L It S~ _ ~ c ~~ 'now Castro is not offering this deal because he made from cornmeal distributed under the "Each ay$Prouareut the w orld, me such said,
especially needs 500 tractors, although he Federal surplus foods program. PaII'-
certainly could put them to good use in The ground around the still In a wooded number s to ill seven, complete sets of the
helping to solve his dire farm problem. He section of the Union Church community Encyclopc,,dia Brittanica. One clay's out-
offered the deal precisely because he and his was littered with empty paper bags bearing put."
ScieLiti its face a mountainous problem of
Communist bosses want to see exactly how this label:
he
A
i
e
study
,hc~ said. New projects to
far they can push the united States before plus a orrarlodities
g5 pounds yellow knowiedi;e
r ogram
its a national sniveling muscles. coward ah Why cornmeal." y p scientific litef ature, now being carried on
once ceoag H acting flexes like
else did d Havana radio gloatingly announce The defendants, Noah T. Thomas, 60, of jointly by Mri t and the Linda Hall Li-
rcy p~Civide helpful answers.
rasThe dtnniai and Dorus W. Sisk, 50, of Route 1, brary, It
zuv
r...,..
States-and remember, i,
are Cubans, not United States citizens-and and to Ocber term of U.S. district
Commissioner B. Crag.
not with a neutral country.
What happened to the national pride we
displayed in 1797, when after the unsavory
French Foreign Minister Talleyrand de-
manded a bribe as the price of negotiating
with the United States, our envoy Charles
C Pinckney replied with his memorable,
Midwest Research Has Only Begun
To Grow
.
"Millions for defense, but not one cent for slonal vorkels affects net only Midwest
tribute," What happened to the courage EXTENSION OF REMARKS Resew cl but all similar labs across the Na-
displayed our in Austria by kidnaped it Nation former er 1853, citizen when, who had after of tion. Yore efficient use of scientific equip-
is an aim of research
since taken out his first U.S, citizenship pa- ment execit, of-.d manpower aria administrators.
pers, an American war sloop pulled ed into the HON. OF ROBERT F. KANSAS ELLSWORTH (FEED NEW coS
harbor of Smyrna (where the prisoner was
being held) and, its commander ordered the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Other imp rtant changes In ,research, Dr.
Austrian commnder to return the man or Wednesday, May 3,1961 Kimbal` said relate to needs for more accu-
face immediate consequences? (Naturally, rate mrrasur ment systems, and improved
the man was returned.) Mr. .ELhSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, un- ways c,F ev luating results of research.
How different today. It's bad enough we der the leave to extend'my remarks in of path tcula ly basic importance, he said,
supplied the push to the rebel invasion of the RECORD, I include the following news was a final major challenje--the need
Cuba, and then lacked the courage to see for ne a ideas and new concepts affect-
it through t c, victory. It's bad enough tl4at article and editorial from the Kansas ing the entir~ research field.
we allow Castro to insult our Nation, and City Star. Dr. :antic all stressed the tremendous
publicly declare his island a part of the Scientific research is one of America's future that still lies ahead in science.
Soviet bloc. But to pay blackmail to his main businesses-and it is just beginning "Roe,, gniz~~d research experts claim that
Communist government, just days after to grow. The University of Kansas at national expenditures for research and de-
both our President and our House of Repre- Lawrence, the Linda Hall Library in velopm .nt rill exceed $20 billion by
sentatives agree that it constitutes a clear Kansas City, the University. of Kansas 1970. l doi''t know where the limit lies,"
nothing and present short of danger to fantastic. our sovereignty, is Medical School in Kansas City, and Mid- he said. "Itl may exist only in the lack of
manufac-
Patrick Henry once asked his fellow men, west Research Institute-these are just avaiULbfacturiilizgty plaof ants can capital be with erected to which manu-
"Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be a few of the outstanding organizations, ture tl.? prcjducts of research."
purchased at the price of chains and situated in my area, that make mid- Dr. :,imbk11 pointed out also that Mid-
slavery?" 'Today, 186 years later, during continent America a vital center for de- west R -sear,th had a highly productive year
which time we have grown from an infant velopnlent of the thrust into the future. in 1960, with a total research volume of
nation of unlimited courage to a mighty With this in mind, I invite my colleagues $3,248,0-00, and currently is working for
nation which appears suddenly to have lost about 1.110 sponsors.
attention to the news report of a speech He revea:'f~ed also that W. N. Deramus
her national conscience, . we might` ask by Dr. Charles N. Kimball, president of recent; y hap, made an additional gift of 10
whether life is dear or peace sweet as acres -;o the Deramus Feld Station near
to be purchased at the price o of blatant .Midwest Research Institute, and the Grand few.
ial comment about Midwest Re-
dit
or
blackmail? We think not. e
Shades of George Washington, shades of search Institute.
Patrick Henry, shades of Thomas Jeff erson, (From the Kansas City Star May i 1961] [From the h{auras City Star, May 2, 1961]
F
Y BEGUN
O
O
TS
coin, shades of Teddy Roosevelt, shades of IN REPORT To TRUSTEES-IN SECOND GEN- In tie 1 it' years since it began operations
Iwo Jima and Anzio. ERATION-ROLE of KNOWLEDGE SEEKERS in a r.?ntedl room of a bakery, the develop-
What in heaven's name goes on here In CHANGING RAPIDLY, Da. KIMBALL SAYS meat of Mie~west Research Institute has been
the home of the free and the land of the Scientific research is one of America's main impressive. , It diade possible the splendid
brave? 1 es-and the curve for its require- reports at :yesterday's annual meeting. The
ri~
b
Food Stamp Whisky
EX'I"ENSION OF REMARKS
HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE ROUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
NL
EST RESEARCH HAS
NEW EsA IN SCIENCE GROWTH- AT 16, MIDI
T
POIN
us
ments, in brains and dollars, is going up- more than 1$3% million in. research volume
ward steadily. Iasi; yc3ar alone exceeded the total for the
That outlook was painted by Dr. Charles institute's !first 7 years. The institute is
N. Kimball, president of the Midwest Re- expa.nling a new fields and with new facili-
search Institute, in giving the president's ties. The addition of 10 acres to the area
16th annual report to the institute's trus- of thi, alrc aedy busy Deramus field station
tees today at the Hotel Muehlebach. is an exai iple. Altogether, the Institute
IN GREAT EXPANSION added rout hly $200,000 in. new equipment
Dr. Kimball pointed out that research in last T y:ar.
is Lo doubt that the Kansas City in-
he, e
the United States expanded from $800 mil- stit?at- has!, established an excellent national
lion in 1940 to $13 billion last year and will reput.tionj Scientists, educators and in-
ear-Dlaking
Midwest for results on
n this
billi
t
y
o
o
probably hit $14
dusty alista look
siceil problems.
1961 research as large as the automobile buss- tang t tech
May 23
Tuesday
i
,
,
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the follow- ness. Obi lousl -, the insttiute is a tremendous
ing is an example of what can happen Developments now occurring in research, local inset; as well. It puts Kansas City on
when the Federal Government gives the he predicted, will have a profound effect on the s:+ienti~ic map of the Nation.
the future of the Nation. In iris a'fnual report, Dr. Charles N. Kim-
philos Some destroyed for nothing. This "Large scale research is entering its sec- ball, pres.ttent, told the story of a great
pand destroyed the Roman Em- and generation in this country," Dr.. Kim- variety of scientific projects that indicate
pire ir and if continued will destroy the ball said. "Some revolutionary changes are the range: of scientific talent at Midwest.
United States: occurring that are altering the traditional The diver~lty includes several projects in
U.S. SVRPLUS CORN USED To MAKE LIQUOR role of scientists and science." space trav,~l. There are "farm belt" surveys,
GASTONI:A. N.C.-A 600-gallon moonshine The speaker listed six major changes. such as a.p. inquiry into calf ailments, and
c
still raided by Federal agents and police Foremost, he said, is the tremendous accu- slu is Di a licultu alisu loxu prospceocts nomifor s4i near here Saturday was being fed by a mash mulation of scientific knowledge.
1S1moa11 salu,Irel.a Lei LV i. c B.-.5 *"'
"interdi#-cipli]pary skills"-that many com-
plex mciern research problems cannot be
solved b,* a c!emist, or an engineer working
alone. The i eterchange of skills among all
scientific fie1,js becomes more important.
A this 3 Me-or factor relates to the rising
cost of tesealrclf. The expensive equipment
rofes-
h
t
p
c
and increasirg salaries of topno
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several- thousand new jobs in many fields
and skills for our people.
The economic expansion fostered by the
modernization of the Warrior-Tombigbee is
not concentrated in one area. Rater, it is
occurring throughout the valley, and is be-
ing carried on by a variety of industries.
During the past few years, we have seen
new coal mines opened along the Upper
Waterway; we have seen the establishment
and growth of paper-producing plants at
Tuscaloosa, Naheola, Demopolis, and Mobile;
we have seen more than $150 million in-
vested in chemical plants in the Washing-
ton County area; we have seen a major
steam electric generating plant built at
Barry; we have seen the lumber, shipbuild-
ing, textile, and metal fabricating industries
increase their productive capacities.
Yet, even with these gratifying develop-
ments, we have hardly scratched the sur-
face. Other areas of the Nation are grow-
ing at an even faster rate-as evidenced by
the fact that we shall lose one of our Con-
gressmen oil the basis of the 1960 census.
Yes, we still have a lot of catching up to
do. And if we are to move ahead, one of
the things we must do is press for the wise
conservation, development, and use of the
water resources Nature has so abundantly
bestowed on Alabama.
Our State is practically framed by rivers.
To the north is the Tennessee, which carries
more than 12 million tons of commerce an-
nually. To the east is -the Chattahoochee, a
part of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-
Flint system which is now under develop-
ment. To the west are the Mobile and Tom-
bigbee. Rivers, and to the south is the Gulf
Intracoastal Waterway which, while not a
river, is an improved navigation channel.
And running diagonally across the State is
the Alabama-Coosa system.
In all, Alabama has 1,500 miles of author-
ized waterways with depths of nine feet or
more. Of this total, approximately 750 miles
have been completed.
We must press, forward with all our energy
to ensure that the remaining mileage is im-
proved as rapidly as practicable. We cannot
afford to do otherwise.
This is not a matter of concern for the few.
It is a matter of concern for every man and
woman who lives and works in Alabama. All
of us must remain keenly alert to the prog-
ress being made in the conservation, de-
velopment, and use of our water resources.
We must all gives these programs our active
support, for only this way can we hope to
accomplish our objective.
As General Barney has indicated, consid-
erable progress has been made in recent years
in carrying out the modernization of the
Warrior-Tombigbee Waterway. Demopolis
lock and danr} was completed in 1955 to elimi-
nate four obsolete navigation projects; the
Warrior lock and dam between Eutaw and
Greensboro was finished 2 years later to re-
move two deteriorated, inadequate struc-
tures, and today we dedicate still another
new facility.
In the headwaters of the Warrior River,
the Alabama Power Co., always in step with
the needs and ambitions of the State, has
built with private capital the Lewis Smith
Dam on the Sipsey Fork, thereby becoming
dams, it will extend stove Tuscaloosa the U.S. Errs in Canceling Atomic Plane
modern waterway dimensions which the - -
Warrior, Demopolis, and Jackson projects
provide between that city and Mobile. EXTENSION OF REMARKS
The Corps of Engineers will be in a posi-
tion to use initial construction money for
Holt lock and dam in fiscal 1962, which be-
gins July 1. We are encouraged by the fact
that the budget now being considered by
Congress recommends $750,000 for that pur-
of
HON. MELVIN PRICE
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
pose. But let us remember that it's a long Monday, May 15, 1961
way between a budget recommendation and Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, Mr. George
an appropriation. And even then, we will
have money Carroll, Hearst Headline Service avia-
struction. It will a l for be the first
necessary for year's 's us con- to tion writer, gives an accurate appraisal
for
fight year by year for subsequent appropri- of the mistake the United States makes
ations to complete the project in an orderly in canceling its aircraft nuclear propul-
The urgent need for Holt lock and dam Is
demonstrated by the Warrior-Tombigbee's
steady growth in commerce, which has more
than doubled during the past decade, reach-
ing 5,756,227 tons in 1959 to set a record high
for the 7th consecutive year.
Accompanying the continued rapid growth
in movements has been a change in the pat-
tern of traffic that makes early completion
of the Holt project even more vital. In
1949? only a little more than 800,000 tons or
38 percent of the Warrior-Tombigbee's total
commerce moved in that reach to be im-
proved by Holt lock and dam. In 1959,
however, this portion of the river carried
almost 2,900,000 tons or 50 percent of the
totq1l.
Major difficulty encountered by naviga-
tion above Tuscaloosa is caused by the small
size of the existing locks, built between 1905
and 1915. These structures are only 52 feet
wide and about 285 feet long, as compared
with lengths of 600 feet and widths of 110
feet at the new locks.
Only four 500-ton barges can transit these
four locks at one time, and as a consequence
multiple barge tows must break their for-
mations and transit the structures in two
or three operations. A double lockage tow
spends about 1%/Z hours in passing each of
the structures or a total of 6 hours. A triple
lockage spends a total of more than 9 hours
in lockages alone.
The Holt lock and dam with its single
large chamber will accommodate all size
tows in one operation of about half an hour.
Overall, it is estimated that the new proj-
ect will save an average tow more than 21
hours per voyage. Such economies will
make the waterway still more advantageous
for the transportation of bulk commodities
and heavy finished and semifinished goods,
and thereby greatly improve our position
in attracting Industry.
Construction of Holt lock and dam is the
next logical step in the waterway's moderni-
zation and unless we obtain an initial con-
struction appropriation for the coming fiscal
year a serious Interruption will occur in
our timetable. The Corps of Engineers has
carefully studied the need for the project
and has solid proof of its economic merit.
We have made and shall continue making
every effort to see that it is undertaken
without delay.
I assure you that the Alabama congres-
sional delegation is unanimously behind the
plan to improve the Warrior-Tombigbee
Sion program in. an article which was
released by the Hearst Service on May
16, 1961.
I concur wholeheartedly in Mr. Car-
roll's opinion that the United States
should press on with the atomic-powered
plane project. I hope there will be a
reconsideration on the part of the ad-
ministration and that orders to cancel
the project will be rescinded and that
a directive will be forthcoming to re-
store the program.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
herewith include Mr. Carroll's article:
BILLION INVESTED, U.S. ERRS IN DUMPING
ATOM PLANE
(By George Carroll)
After 15 years of hard, often frustrating
work and an investment of a billion dollars,
the Government has scuttled America's nu-
clear-powered plane project just as it was
reaching the edge of success.
It was, in the opinion of many, including
this writer, a profoundly wrong decision.
Worse, it could be politically disastrous.
It could give the Russians a powerful
propaganda triumph if they beat us to the
punch in flying nuclear power.
Defense Secretary Robert McNamara
scrapped the project despite the fact that
General Electric, the principal engine con-
tractor involved, promised it could have an
A-plane aloft by 1963 and test-flown by 1965
if another $197 million were allotted.
McNamara, and the others who helped
shape or supported his decision, contended
there was no immediate prospect of a "mili-
tarily useful plane."
Having followed the program since its in-
ception in 1946, this writer is absolutely
convinced the United States should press on
with the project.
We have already invested a billion. We
can and should invest another $197 million
to prevent Russia, in effect, from backing
into a triumphant first that should have been
ours.
Others agree. Aviation Week magazine,
the most authoritative trade journal in the
aircraft industry, assailed McNamara in a
double-spread editorial for his "monu-
mentally unsound decision."
Declared Aviation Week's editor, Robert
Hotz :
"It falsely proclaims to the world that we
waterway's improvement. The Alabama tradiction that no other State in the Union where the Soviet Union is certain to piib-
power project, representing one of the three has a congressional delegation that is more licly demonstrate its success soon."
headwater dams urged several years ago by dedicated to the development of our natural - The magazine's editorial took cognizance
the Corps of Engineers, was designed and resources. And I can say that we in the of the "militarily useful" argument and dis-
built so as to fit into the comprehensive delegation will work for every meritorious posed of it as follows:
program for the Warrior-Tombigbee. program to make all of Alabama's rivers "Some of the Pentagon experts who
Our next step In modernizing the water- fully useful and productive. kicked the ANP (Aircraft Nuclear Propul-
way is construction of Holt lock and dam in But to do this, we need your help. With sion) program around had a philosophy that
the district of my colleague, Armistead your assistance and your interest, we shall would have demanded the Wright brothers
Selden. By replacing four old locks and surely succeed. be required to solve the problems of super-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 23
At 6:05 p.m., Mr. JOHNSON arrived at the
Peninsula Hotel where he spent the next 3
hours at the Dynasty and "bought 24 of
these shirts and 24 of those," according to a
clerk of the shop. Hotel waiters were seen
to go into the shop many times with trays
of drinks.
At 9:02 p.m., the Vice President emerged
from the Dynasty and returned to the Am-
bassador through a side door.
sonic flight before they launched their ma-
chine at Kitty :Hawk."
c Hotz declared, both GE, which has put
many ground, test hours on a mocked-up
plane engine powered by the atom, and
Pratt & Whitney, working on a more sophis-
ticated type of engine, have supersonic
designs, not just the slower-than-sound
blueprints spoken. of by the Defense De-
partment.
Soviet 'Premier Ifhrushchev linked the
flight of a Red A-plane with the first Rus-
sian Moon Probe. He made good on his
latter promise but not the nuclear plane
part. There are unsubstantiated reports
that one experimental Soviet A-plane blew
apart.
.This year Our Central Intelligence Agency
received information the Russians had a
supersonic A.-plane capable of staying in the
air 3 months with rotating crews and adept
at sneaking undetected through the Soviet
Union's best radar defenses.
Almost unlimited endurance on a single
charge of uranium fuel would be the big
asset of any workable atomic-powered air-
plane.
Future rockets and satellites are certain to
have nuclear power and A-plane proponents
insist we should learn all we can about it by
harnessing it to aircraft at the earilest pos-
sible moment.
President Kennedy obviously has been
sold a different bill of goods by the tech-
nical experts who have his ear.
Lyndon Johnson Goes Shopping
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 23, 1961
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, a con-
stituent of our district traveling in
Hong Kong was in that city when Vice
President LysooN B. JOHNSON visited
there. and sent me a copy of the Hong
Kong Standard, an English-printed
newspaper, of 'Tuesday, May 16, 1961.
The following is a page 1 box description
of at least one of the Vice President's
days in Hong Kong. Perhaps the Vice
President is prompted by a false desire
to increase employment in this country
and stop the outflow of gold:
LYNDON JOHNSON GOES SHOPPING
What did U.S. Vice President Mr. LYNDON
B. JOHNSON do after his arrival at Kai Tak
Airport at about 3.15 p.m. yesterday?
At 3:30 p.m.; the U.S. Vice President, ac-
companied by U.S. consulate officials and a
motorcade of members of the security force,
arrived at the recently opened Ambassador
Hotel in Ts'imshatsui.
At 3:50 p.m., Mr. JOHNSON, looking fresh
and sporty in a spotless, white Hawaiian
shirt emerged from the hotel accompanied
by Mr. Sam P. Gilstrap, officer in charge,
U.S. consul general here. A motorcade of
policemen followed him and the party about
50 yards behind. When Mr. JOHNSON noticed
that he was being followed, he stopped the
car, alighted and waved at the policemen
indicating to them not to follow.
At 4 p.m., the U.S. Vice President arrived
at a tallorshop on Carnarvon Road, where
he spent the next hour or so selecting ma-
terials and getting measurements taken for
suits. Later, he proceeded to the Miramar
Hotel Arcade and bought some shoes.
Dr. Jesse McNeil Moves on to Greater
This ..ppoikctment had significance beyond
the real n of Caere politics. It placed a Negro
for the firsts time on a very sensitive and
important ccI rnmission. it also gave an op-
portuni,y for a man with deep Chritsian
underst tndir~g and training: in psychology
and sociolog to work with the problem of
rehabili rating"those who have made mistakes
in Our s 'ciet: .
An e,tens ve world traveler and author,
Dr. McNeil never stopped the process of his
own eCuca4on and development. By. so
doing 1 a w: s able to bring to those with
whore I.e car.~e into contact an ever changing
and fresh a1proach to the myriads of prob-
Community Service lems w: th which we are all concerned.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN D. DINGELL
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 23, 1961
Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursu-
ant to permission granted I insert into
the Appendix of the RECORD an article
which appeared in the Michigan Chron-
icle of Saturday, May 20, 1961, on Dr.
Jesse Jai McNeil, a dedicated public
servant, community leader, and church
man of our city of Detroit who isleav-
ing otir city for new responsibilities in
another part of the country.
As one of his friends and admirers I
join all of our people of Michigan in
sadness at his departure.
The article is as follows:
Da. JESSE MCNEIL MOVES ON TO GREATER
COMMUNITY SERVICE
The decision of Dr. Jesse Jai McNeil to re-
sign his post at Tabernacle Baptist Church
and assume full-time responsibilities with
the Department of Christian Education of
the National Baptist Convention takes from
our community one of the mien who has
symbolized the competence and leadership
with which our town has been blessed dur-
ing the past 15 years or so.
A dedicated theologian and scholar, Dr.
McNeil. threw himself into the broad arena
of civic and community activities from the
beginning of his ministry here. Through
the Detroit Round Table, the Minister's Al-
liance, and the Council of churches, the
broad educational background and expe-
rience of Dr. McNeil gained early recogni-
tion. The weight of his influence and his
clear view of social direction soon emerged
in the policies and procedures of these organ-
izations.
At the same time, Dr. McNeil gave recog-
nition to the need for community organiza-
tion as a means of promoting social progress.
He threw himself, therefore, into the task
of building the community house at Taber-
nacle and developing a program of activity
for the institution including the now well-
known. Forum Series.
Through this medium there was developed
on Detroit's Westside and throughout the
city a greater awareness of the problems
facing the people of the community.
Simultaneously with the development of
these programs, Dr. McNeil found time to
participate in the political life of the com-
munity in which he lived, thus demonstrat-
ing by his example that a good citizen is a
well-rounded one who does not hesitate to
use his talent and time in every phase of
community life.
In a short time his contributions to poli-
tics were recognized and he received an ap-
pointment to the Corrections Commission of
the State of Michigan.
And ;,ow 4 ter several years of thought and
searchi:'g, he has come to the conclusion that
a great challenge for service lies in the Na-
tional Baptist educational program and
throug] the! medium of writing. There can
be nor uestijon that he has chosen an area
for greeter service.
Detroit is ,naturally sorry to see one of its
great ( -)mmktnfty leaders move on to new
fields. But , we are proud that the record
made i.y Dr, McNeil in Detroit has brought
him 'to the ptttention of leaders on the na-
tional ;,nd international scene. We know he
will do well 0 his new efforts. We wish for
`eal for Cuban Prisoners
1' XTI~NSION OF REMARKS
of
HOW WILLIAM G. BRAY
OF INDIANA
IN TAE 116USE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 23, 1961
Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, we have all
been. i'ascinated by the latest affront to
this N 1tio4 by the Cuban dictator, Fidel
Castro, in which he asks us to ransom
Cubar rebels by giving him 500 bull-
dozere There seems to be no end to the
gall of this''. Communist leader.
In t zis r egard the front page editorial
of t)ae Indianapolis News; May 22, 1961,
editi.o:.t, is; of interest and I herewith
subnni', it for insertion in the Appendix
of the RECORD :
WHAT GOES ON :EIEaE?
As c_ thi6 writing, self-appointed private
citizen.' gr-~kups--the most notable headed
by E lc vnor. Roosevelt, Walter Reuther, and
Milton Eisenhower-are raising money for
the re: case cif some 1,200 Cuban rebels, cap-
tured duri]ig the recent unsuccessful at-
terapt to re~ccue their homeland from Com-
munist ruleil. The money, $20 million, will be
used t t pu:4chase. tractors or bulldozers for
Fidel i'astrc?'s Red regime.
One newtfpaper, supporting the idea of a
trade vith Castro, declared in a front-page
editori tl tbiat it believes "a. human life is
worth more! than a machine," and so do we.
But, ii, for the purpose of preserving human
lives ie su' 'Tit to Castro's brazen blackmail
attem 't, we will be opening the door to every
future tyra it and bully boy, large or small,
who deciders to make a laughing stock out of
the U:kited iStates. Also, there is the little
matte: of the law, conveniently overlooked by
the Sate bepartment, prohibiting private
citizeis frol'n negotiating with foreign gov-
ernme its. The activities of these self-ap-
pointe3 condCittees, unofficially supported
by our Gohernment, are unprecedented in
our oc: n hi; tory or in the history of interna-
tional diplc~inacy.
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