THE CASE AGAINST CASTRO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000200160022-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: May 18, 1961
• Content Type: OPEN

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3509
the Associated Press with the heading
"ADA Says Red China Should Be Rec-
ognized." Mr. Speaker, the Americans
for Democratic Action are up to their
old tricks of advocating recognition by
the United States of Red China as well
as admission to the United Nations.
Many of the people associated with
the ADA formed the policies years ago
that caused the loss of free China behind
the Iron Curtain of communism, as well
as the loss of many other countries. Cer-
ainly their policies at that time were
,. 'wrong and the policies they advocate to-
day are just as bad and as detrimental
to the interest of the United States and
the free world:
ADA SAYS RED CHINA SHOOED BE RECOGNIZED
(By the Associated Press)
Americans for Democratic Action urges a
start toward diplomatic recognition of Red
China "and its accreditation to the United
Nations as the government of China."
This should not be done, the ADA said, "as
gestures of moral approval of past actions
but as a means of establishing the normal
channels of international communication."
The ADA's views on China were in a reso-
lution adopted yesterday before its 14th an-
nual convention adjourned.
PROVISIONS FOR FORMOSA
Recognition of the Peiping regime and its
accreditation to the United Nations, the ADA
said, "would increase our access to informa-
tion on Chinese affairs and the possibility
of affecting Chinese foreign policy"
Admitting Red China to the United Na-
tions, the ADA said, "should be linked to
the condition that the Inhabitants of For-
mosa shall themselves democratically decide
whether they shall be admitted to the United
Nations as an independent nation or that
they shall rejoin mainland China."
The Chinese seat at the United Nations
now is held by representatives of the Chi-
nese Nationalist Government, which is based
on Formosa.
On domestic matters, ADA, a self-de-
scribed liberal organization, said the Ken-
nedy administration was "drifting into the
worst mistakes of the Eisenhower years."
The ADA defined them as "improvisations
for segments of full employment and eco-
nomic growth."
ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS
The resolution recommended a number
of long-range objectives, Including:
Expanded support for neglected segments
of the economy, notably housing, urban re-
development, water conservation, depressed
areas and constantly expanding consumer
purchasing power for a rising standard of
living.
The convention reelected Samuel H. Beer,
a Harvard professor, as chairman; Mrs.
Franklin D. Roosevelt as honorary chair-
man; Richard C. Sachs, New York, treasurer,
and Roy Bennett, New York, assistant treas-
urer. Paul Seabury, a University of Cali-
fornia professor, was elected chairman of
the executive committee.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM PROXMIRE
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Ar-
thur Krock writes in the New York
Times this morning an article that to
me represents a devastating reply to
those who contend that this country had
not given Cuban Dictator Castro fair
treatment.
Frankly, a surprising number of my
own constituents persist in arguing with
me that we have been too harsh and
peremptory in our treatment of Castro.
Because this badly mistaken view may
be shared by many Americans, I ask
unanimous consent that the column in
today's New York Times, entitled "The
Lively Issue of Castro's Justifications,"
be printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE LIVELY ISSUE OF CASTRO'S JUSTIFICATIONS
(By Arthur Krock)
WASHINGTON, May 17-Two conclusions
reached by this department after an exam-
ination of the origins of the currently hos-
tile United States-Castro relations, and pub-
lished here under date of May 10, have
evoked an unusual number of remarkably
uniform dissents from readers. These con-
clusions were:
1. The factual weakness of an advertise-
ment in this newspaper, signed by a number
of Harvard professors among other distin-
guished citizens, which justified Castro's
anti-Americanism on the ground that for
"at least a year" U.S. policy has been "We
must crush Castro," is that it began the
chapter of United States-Castro relations in
the middle.
2. Castro's unfriendly and illegal acts, and
his anti-American Incitements of the Cuban
population, long preceded the date chosen
in this advertisement to demonstrate that
the burden of blame is on his government.
In rebuttal of these conclusions the let-
terwriters generally contended that the
United States refused a request from Castro
to be invited for talks; rebuffed and snubbed
him when he came here in February 1959,
to speak to the American Society of News-
paper Editors; and refused his offer at that
time and thereafter to negotiate the differ-
ences between his regime and the Govern-
ment of the United States. But the open
record is the following:
1. Castro never requested an official In-
vitation. When, on his own volition, he
came unofficially to Washington, in April
1959, Secretary of State Herter gave him a
luncheon at which no mention of any de-
sired negotiation was made by the Cuban
officials present; and, in the absence of Pres-
ident Eisenhower, the Premier was received
by Vice President Nixon.
2. On February 22, 1960, Castro did pro-
pose-but for the first time-to negotiate
with the United States on compensation to
American citizens for their property in Cuba
that he expropriated soon after his acces-
sion to power. However, his conditions were
that during the negotiation the United
States should bind both the Executive and
Congress to refrain from any action which
Cuba would consider to affect its interests,
while he remained free to negotiate or pro-
crastinate as he chose--conditions obviously
unacceptable and, so far as Congress was
concerned, constitutionally impossible.
3. From the time Castro assumed power
until May 17, 1960, the United States made
9 formal and 16 informal offers to negotiate
all differences with Cuba. The first was by
Ambassador Bonsai in March 1959. In each
note and statement the United States ex-
pressed sympathy with the social and eco-
nomic objectives of the Cuban agrarian re-
form law under which the expropriation was
made.
HERTER'S INDICTMENT
4. At the San Jose, Costa Rica, conference,
August 1960, Cuban Foreign Minister Roa
charged that this Government had con-
sistently refused Castro's offers of negotia-
tion. Secretary Herter made and docu-
mented this reply: That continuing attacks
on the United States by the Castro regime
began in January 1959 before the acts it al-
leges were U.S. aggression. He said also that
from this date forward political assaults on
the U.S. Government, "and scurrilous at-
tempts to besmirch the characters of its
leaders, have nevertheless been consistent
and made with increased savagery."
The circumstances that the charges in
Castro's justification that this open record
refutes are being made by citizens of such
quality is strange, disturbing, and mysteri-
ous. But it is true, as pointed out in some
of the letters, that Castro also can cite
grievances prior to the preinvasion program-
ing. For example, the United States did
not completely bar arms to dictator Batista
until March 14, 1958; sent a marine guard
for the Guantanamo pumping station 6
miles into Cuba on July 28, 1958; and con-
cluded a 20-year atomic energy aid agree-
ment with Batista September 9, 1958.
The silly paradox, however, is that all this
time U.S. businessmen in Cuba were know-
ingly financing Castro's revolution by pay-
ing their taxes at stations where he could
seize them. Prior to that, the taxes on
Cuban properties owned by Americans were
always sent to Havana, the central collec-
tion office, until the other arrangement was
deliberately made for the financing of Castro.
And meanwhile the State Department was
totally ignoring successive warnings from
two Ambassadors that the interest of Inter-
national communism would be served in
Cuba by Castro's success.
The John Birch Society-1
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, a
leading newspaper published in Whit-
tier, Calif., a city located in my district,
has printed a series of five objectively
written articles concerning the John
Birch Society. This newspaper, the
Daily News, is to be commended for bas-
ing the articles on facts which many
news media have ignored in reporting on
the society. Under unanimous consent
I include the first three articles of the
series in the Appendix of the RECORD:
[From the Daily News, Whittier, Calif.,
Apr. 26, 1961]
How To TELL A COMMIE FRONT
(First of a series)
The John Birch Society may be a move-
ment aimed at strengthening Americanism
and weakening communism, but it is mys-
terious and controversial, too.
Mysterious although its meetings are pub-
lic and its membership open to any good
American who will subscribe to its beliefs.
Controversial although Its business is
Americanism.
It has been subjected to criticism by po-
litical officeholders, newspaper editors,
church pastors, and the man on the street.
There has been clamoring for an investiga-
tion of its purpose and organization and its
founder, Robert Welch.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
IGNORANCE OR MISUNDERSTANDING
Public ignorance or, at least, misunder-
standing may be the cause of accusations
that have run the gamut from dictatorship
to Klan.
But the Birch Society is neither dictatorial
nor a form of the infamous Ku Klux Klan,
according to Whittier chapter leaders.
Five of the leaders have compiled a five-
part series of articles explaining the aims
and objects of the society. The series has
been jointly written by Augustine Cervantes,
of South Whittier; Joseph Coffman, of La
Habra; Raye King, V. C. Rainier, and Joseph
Sullivan, all of Whittier.
The first article in the series follows:
HOW TO TELL ONE
J. Edgar Hoover tells us in his book,
"Masters of Deceit," that a Communist-front
organization can be detected by applying the
following test:
1. Does the organization espouse the cause
of Soviet Russia? Does it shift when the
party line shifts?
2. Does the organization feature as speak-
ers at its meetings known Communists or
sympathizers?
8. Does the organization sponsor causes,
campaigns, literature, petitions, or other ac-
tivittes sponsored by the party or other front
organizations?
4. Is the organization used as a sounding
board by, or is it endorsed by Communist-
controlled labor unions?
5. Does its literature follow the Commu-
nist line or is it printed by the Communist
;press?
6. Does the organization receive consis-
tent favorable mention in Communist
publications?
7. Does the organization represent itself
to be nonpartisan yet engage in political
activities and consistently advocate causes
favored by the Communists? Does it de-
nounce both Fascists and Communists?
8. Does the organization denounce Amer-
Scan foreign policy while always lauding
Soviet policy?
9. Does the organization utilize Commu-
nist doubletalk by referring to Soviet dom-
jnated countries as democracies, complaining
that the United States is imperialistic and
constantly denouncing monopoly capital?
10. Have outstanding leaders in public life
openly renounced affiliation with the or-
ganization?
ATTRACT OR DENOUNCE?
1 11. Does the organization, if espousing lib-
eral, progressive causes, attract well-known
honest, patriotic liberals or does it denounce
Well known liberals?
12. Does the organization consistently con-
sider matters not directly related to Its
avowed purposes and objectives?
Let us assume that the average apathetic
b',ut patriotic citizen had just read the above
12 items and decided to apply these meas-
ures to the organizations in his circles of
acquaintanceship. Would he be able to do
so effectively? The answer is obvious. He
would need to become trained to apply the
above measures intelligently. This then re-
quires a thorough education and background
In dialectical materialistic communism.
How does one receive this type of education
so necessary in our defense against internal
subversion?
DIALECTIC MATERIALISM
There are a number of organizations usu-
ally local in nature which to a pretty good
job of teaching dialectic materialism, How-
evlor, December 1958 Robert Welch recognized
the need for a national organization to train
anid recruit those already trained into an
effective coordinated group. This resulted
in ',the cohception of the John Birch Society.
Vu until the John Birch Society was or-
ga#Iized, well-informed and well-trained pa-
triots more or less worked as individuals or
in uncoordinated groups and as such did
not worry the Communists except as a nui-
sance. However, after the origin of the John
Birch Society, those thousands of concerned
people recognizing their former inadequacy
in fighting communism joined the society
in such numbers that the Communist Party
became alarmed and decided to apply their
proven forces against them. It was recog-
nized that at the present rate of growth the
John Birch Society could attain almost un-
limited power to cope with them and thus
destroy 40 years of labor. It should be un-
derstood that the present status of Commu-
nist power in the United States had, except
for a brief but fatal effort by Senator Joseph
McCarthy, been reached through almost con-
tinuous default on the part of the American
people
[From the Daily News, Whittier, Calif., Apr.
27, 1961]
CONCERNED SHOULD BECOME INFORMED
(This is the second of a five-part series on
the John Birch Society. The articles were
jointly written by Augustine Cervantes, Jo-
seph Coffman, Raye King, V. C. Ramler, and
Joseph Sullivan, all members of the Whittier
chapter of the society.-Editor.)
The John Birch Society has tabulated lit-
erally hundreds of documented books, tape
recordings and reports which it makes avail-
able to members and nonmembers alike
which will make informed people out of
concerned people.
Communists are not alarmed about con-
cerned people; however, they recognize that
informed people are dangerous because they
can intelligently inform others.
It is the greatest fear of the Communist
Party in the United States that despite their
tremendous influence in our Government
and over all our means of mass communi-
cation, the American people will wake up
too soon to what has really been happening
right under their very noses.
Communism operates for the most part in
this country by utilizing front organization
and underground activities.
COMMON ORIGIN
Communist-front organizations are char-
acterized by their common origin, the rigid
conformity of these organizations to the
Communist pattern, their interlocking per-
sonnel and their methods generally used to
deceive the American public. Being part of
a conspiratorial movement their essence is
deceptive.
The tactics of these fronts is to push as
far as possible constitutional privileges by
enlisting through this deception the coop-
eration of as great a segment of the public
as can be deceived.
When activities of the Communists reach
the realm of unconstitutional endeavor then
the underground members take over. These
activities go -so far as to place concealed
members In government, education, and
industry.
PROPER TRAINING
Only organizations with members who
have been properly trained can cope with
the pressures brought to bear between these
front organizations and those concealed
underground. By watching the front
groups and their unconcealed programs it
is simple logic to connect those places in
government, education, and industry where
the party line expounded by the front groups
receives the greatest reception.
It should be pointed out here that in all
localities where the Birch Society is active it
is well established in short order by its
members and other freedom groups utiliz-
ing the above reasoning and J. Edgar
Hoover's 12 rules for identifying fronts,
where the Communist danger points that
need to bear watching are.
However, none of these people or organi-
zations are ever labeled Communist by the
May 18
society or its members. Instead, a system
of defenss is set up to reduce to zero the
effectiveness of the Communist activity.
This is accomplished without fanfare or
publicity, thus leaving the subversive group
frustrated but aware of who was respon-
sible. Reports of facts as to subversive ac-
tivities observed are reported to national
headquarters where once assembled can
point to future, trends in the fight.
[From the Daily News, Whittier, Calif.,
Apr. 29, 19611
SOVLIST PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE STUDIED
(This is the third article of a five-part se-
ries on the John Birch Society written by
Rave King, V. C. Rainier and Joseph Sullivan,
all leaders of the Whittier chapter; August-
fine Cervantes,. South Whittier chapter lead-
er; and Joseph Coffman, La Habra chapter
leader.)
Everyone who reads the newspapers or
magazines, watches television or listens to
the radio is aware of the recent great volume
of adverse publicity spewing forth against
the John B.xch Society and its founder Rob-
ert Welch.
This is a special type of treatment re-
served by the Communist conspiracy for spe-
cial people or groups that have been really
effective and which they cannot directly in-
filtrate or subvert.
An informative pamphlet printed in the
U.S. Goverr..ment Printing Office, Washing-
ton, D.C., on instructions from the 86th
Congress, 2d session, entitled "The Tech-
nique of Soviet Propaganda" should be read
by every man and woman in the United
States.
This report is an official document of the
Senate Committee on the Judiciary, The
purpose of the report was relative to the
administration of the Internal Security Act
and other :internal security laws.
PRESS INVADED
Quoting from page 6 (a) of the Judiciary
Committee report as follows:
"There are in the world few organs of
the press, even when bourgeois, in which the
Soviet apparatus has no intelligence. The
main task o;' auxiliaries In the press is to
manipulate the editor, or if that is not feas-
ible, the reporters, without the editor's
knowledge. General notions like 'This paper
is conservative' or 'Catholic' are not at all
sufficient any longer to recognize the policy
it follows. toward Moscow. Sometimes the
managers themselves are unaware that their
newspaper is ' permeated.' "
',. IROPAGANDA PURPOSE
Quoting further (from p. 14) of the Sen-
ate Judiciary Committee report under the
heading "Breaking Anti-Communists: Slan-
der, Intimidation, Kidnaping, Murder.":
"An important task of Soviet propaganda
is not only to circumvent the gullible, but
also to reduce those who clearly realize the
danger and zealously proclaim it to a state of
powerlessness. Against these people are
launched campaigns limitless in intensity as
in. Ignominy. The Communists attempt to
make lepers of them, to develop veritable re-
flexes in public opinion so that a halo of
hatred will be instinctively associated with
their- name.
"Communist and crypto-Communist appa-
ratus put all their ammunition to use in this
task and shrink from neither slander nor
provocation, forgery, nor blackmail. Here
auxiliaries' play a leading role: that of scan-
dalmongers.
"Sometimes the Soviet apparatus will de-
nounce an anti-Communist as an under-
ground Communist. Sometimes they will
lead the police to believe that he is a terror-
ist or a traificksr. Slander against the anti-
Communist; wr.ter Victor Serge reached such
a point that even well-disposed police serv-
ices no longer knew what to think."
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 18
lived for centuries before as inhabitants
of the same territory in Austria-Hun-
gary. One visible sign of these efforts is
the awarding of the Charles Prize by the
descent, the president of the Slovak
League of America, Mr. Philip A. Hrobak,
which takes place on Saturday, May 20,
1961.
The work which the Sudeten Germans
have done is a great one. They have
gathered material on the work of inter-
national communism. They have sup-
plied this material to Members of Con-
gress who have made several CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD insertions about the sys-
tem of the Communist state security in
the East, the system of agent-provoca-
teurs, and so forth. On May 5, 1957, for
example, the Chicago Tribune and the
Detroit Free Press reported about a
speech which Congressman Timothy P.
Sheehan made in the House of Repre-
sentatives based on the Sudeten German
material. On May 14, 1958, Congress-
man Sheehan made a second speech
about communism based on the Sudeten
German material again.
If there will be more attention on the
part of American statesmen opposing
communism, the German expellees can
constitute a great share in this anti-
Communist fight for preservation and
restoration of freedom. They are our
best allies. They are united with us by
the common aims and the common in-
telligent understanding of the menace
threatening us.
We have followed until now, policies
which have been quite contrary. Cer-
tain agencies, especially private ones,
believed that they should support and
cooperate not with the German ex-
pellees, not with the conservative Czechs,
Poles, Slovaks, Hungarians, and other
exiles, but on the contrary, with the
leftwing exiles, the former national
front men. This policy has clearly failed
in the past and present. It failed in
the same way as other support for Com-
munists and pro-Communists, the help
to Tito and Gomulka, the initial sup-
port for Castro. The support for left-
wingers among the exiles has been paral-
lel to the support for Tito and Gomulka.
In this way, communism cannot be
weakened, but strengthened. So it has
been in the past.
Since the agreements of Yalta and
Potsdam, through the delivery of Central
Europe, of the German rocket scientists
and skilled workers to the Reds, we have
followed the policy which has proven
disastrous.
Today, it is high time to realize where
our real friends are. We must give up
the idea that we can win our enemies
by handing over the property of our
friends. We must stop believing that
the best policy against communism is
helping the Communists and the pro-
Communists.
The Sudeten German expellees are
allies of Conservative anti-Communist
men in the free world. They are the
hope for the Czechs, Slovaks, Hungar-
ians and all others, that these nations
once again will be free. I hope that the
Sudeten German Day 1961 will be a full
success and the start of an effective
work for the freedom in Eastern Europe
and the #hole world.
CL 3A AND CONTAINMENT
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, I have
written a report for the news media in
my district on the policy of containment
of communism. I have been opposed to
this policy for many years and in this
article the situation in Cuba is one of
the most dangerous in our history. Clos-
ing our eyes and thinking we can con-
tain communism to the island of Cuba
is ridiculous, as explained below:
CUBA AND CONTAINMENT
You can drive 90 miles in less than 2
hours and fly it in half an hour. By boat,
it takes just a few hours. Philadelphia is
more than 90 miles from Long Island.
Fisher's Island, N.Y., is about 90 miles
from Lynbrook. Ninety miles is an infinites-
imal distance these days. Cuba is 90 miles
from the United States. -
Less than 90 miles away from our shores, a
bearded psychopath Is, day by day, en-
trenching the evil of communism in our own
hemisphere-closer to our country than
many parts of our own State.
Castro isn't a fad with the Cuban peo-
ple. He isn't just something we as a country
can close our eyes to and hope that when
we open them he will have disappeared. He
represents the essence of an evil, unscrupu-
lous philosophy that doesn't play by gentle-
men's rules. He is a cancer-his beliefs will
spread like a cancer until, if we don't
recognize the danger signs, it will be too
late.
He sits on that Caribbean island while we
sit on our decisions. He Is not going to wait
for us to make up our minds about what to
do with him. Every day he spins the web of
absolute power a little tighter, a little more
difficult to break. Every day that we delay
action is another day for him to build his
strength and entrench his position.
We have finally realized that he isn't just
leaning toward communism-that he is and
always has been a Communist and that we
have permitted him to establish the first
Communist country in the hemisphere.
We have, just a few weeks ago, lost the
first move to eradicate this menace. Now
it seems that we are going to revert to an
old standby measure which has never worked
in the past and which will not work now-
the policy of containment.
This is the State Department theory that
Implies that the country itself (in this case,
Cuba) is definitely a danger, but that if we
just make sure that the country's influence
does not spread beyond its borders, it will
eventually cease to be a danger-or the
even less realistic hope that the tyrannized
people themselves will one day revolt.
This theory is just about as ridiculous as
the medieval system of fighting the plague
by doing nothing more than marking the
houses of the sick with a huge red cross.
We should have realized by now that this
policy of containment is not the way to beat
communism.
We cannot permit communism to spread
anywhere in the world, but especially in
our own hemisphere. When it has already
gained a foothold within shouting distance
of our country, it is time to act immedi-
ately and decisively.
Are we going to step aside-as we did in
Laos?
Are we going to refuse to take action
against this 'menace because certain coun-
tries might accuse us of being aggressors?
They are accusing us of this now. British
Guiana, for example. Over every radio sta-
tion, night and day, they are conducting a
vicious hate America campaign.
In Venezuela, anti-American feeling has
reached epidemic proportions.
Is taking action against Castro going to
make us any more or any less popular? Sur-
vival of our system cannot be considered
less important than a popularity contest.
Admittedly, deciding the course of action
to be taken against Cuba is a difficult
choice. We have struggled for years to erase
the "American Imperialist" image from the
minds of certain Latin Americans who can-
not forget the Marines in Venezuela or Hai-
ti-who remember Mexico and the Gadsden
Purchase-who remember Honduras-who
feel that the big brother to the north is
domineering and tyrannical.
The history of our relations with Latin
America is not altogether to our credit, and
in recent years we have taken many forward
steps toward erasing these unfortunate inci-
dents and living in true harmony and co-
operation with our neighbors.
Few if any of the governments of the Cen-
tral and South American nations are on Cas-
tro's side. The Organization of American
States (OAS) has often debated the Cuban
problem. The OAS is a treaty organization
bound to defend member states against
aggression and could legitimately act in
Cuba.
No matter what the source of the action
taken is, however, something must be done
about Castro's Cuba. It is painfully easy to
see what will happen. If we permit our
avowed enemies to remain in Cuba, we will
begin losing valuable ground in Latin
America-just as we have in Africa and Asia.
We must not-we dare not-forget that
there is a certain genius behind the Com-
munist's organizational and infiltration
technique. They know how to foment up-
risings. They know how to stay In once
they've gotten in. They recognize the basic
attraction and sympathy people have for
the underdog and they capitalize on this at
every turn.
They do not and never will play by any
rules. Their ambitions are too great for
that. Their method of operation has been
demonstrated to us time and time again, yet
we' persist in thinking that we can fight
them with diplomatic weapons as outdated
as the bow and arrow.
They are not playing for fun. They are
playing for keeps, and our very survival is at
stake.
We have lost every time we have followed
the policy of containment. We know from
bitter experience that contained countries
become stronger and our position becomes
weaker. They can move. We cannot.
This policy has- cost the free world dearly.
It will continue to do so.
We cannot afford to experiment in Cuba.
Nor can we afford to utilize policies that are
proven to be ineffective.
Ninety miles is not a very big distance.
SHIPPING OF GRINDING MACHINES
TO U.S.S.R.
(Mr. LIPSCOMB (at the request of
Mrs. WEIS) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, a resi-
dent of the congressional district I rep-
resent recently wrote to the Department
of Commerce in regard to the export
license which was issued, and since
revoked, authorizing shipment of preci-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
of Labor and Justice in moving forward in and policies to promote the welfare of its
a unitr:d national effort for these purposes. younger citizens, and
Specifically, the draft bill would authorize Whereas the steady growth in the inci-
a 6-year program, beginning with the fiscal deuce of juvenile delinquency and youth
year 198:2, as follows: crime has long been recognized as a national
. Demonstration and Evaluation Projects: problem of major concern, and
Grants would be available to any State, local, Whereas there is a demonstrated need
or other public or nonprofit agency, organs- that the resources of the Federal Govern-
zation, or institution for projects for the ment be promptly mobilized to provide
evaluation, or demonstration of the effective- leadership and direction in a national effort
ness, of techniques and practices which hold to strengthen our social structure and to
promise of making a substantial contribution correlate, at all levels of government, ju-
to the prevention or control of juvenile venue and youth services; that training of
delinquency or youth offenses (including the personnel for juvenile and youth programs
treatment of juvenile delinquents and youth- be intensified; and, that research to develop
ful offenders). more effective measures for the prevention,
Major emphasis would be given, under this treatment, and control of juvenile delin-
program, to the selection of a limited num- quency and youth crime be broadened: Now,
ber of communities or States that show therefore,
prornise of having programs for the preven- By virtue of the authority vested in me as
tion or control of juvenile delinquency or President of the United States, it is ordered
youth offenses that might be useful or appli- as follows:
cable in other parts of the country. These SECTION 1. (a) There is hereby established
communities or States would be given funds the President's Committee on Juvenile Delin-
for financing part or all of the cost of quency and Youth Crime (hereinafter re-
evaluating or demonstrating the effective- ferred to as the Committee). The Commit-
ness of such programs and reporting on the tee shall be composed of the Attorney Gen-
findings. These findings would then provide eral, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secre-
a body of information that could be dis- tary of Health, Education, and Welfare.
seminated on a nationwide basis so that all Each member of the Committee shall desig-
parts of the country could benefit from the nate an official or employee of his depart-
]te ate member who shall
rn
7845
urea including legislation which it deems
desirable to further the objectives of this
order.
SEC. S. All executive departments and
agencies of the Government are authorized
and directed to cooperate with the Com-
mittee and to furnish it such information
and assistar ce, not inconsistent with law, as
it may require in the performance of its
functions and duties. -
SEC. 7. Consonant with law, the Depart-
ments of Justice, Labor, and Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, shall as may be necessary
for the effetuation of the purpose of this
order, #,Irnish assistance to the Committee
in accordance with section 214 of the Act
of May 3, 1945, 59 Stat. 134 (31 U.S.C. 691).
Such aisistatnce may include the detailing of
employees to the Committee to perform such
functions, consistent with the purpose of
this order, as the Chairman of the Com-
mittee may assign to them. One of such
employees may be designated to serve as
Executive Director of the Committee. The
necessary office space, facilities and supplies
for the use of the Committee shall be fur-
nished by ;he three departments concerned
as they shall agree.
JOHN F. KENNEDY.
THE 'ivHITE HOUSE, May 11, 1961,
successful experience of those communities ment as an a
and States. serve as a member of the Committee in lieu SUDETEN DAY
2. Training of Personnel: Grants would of the regular member whenever the regu- (Mr. BECKER (at the request of Mrs.
also be authorized for the training of per- lar member is unable to attend any meet- WEffi) was given permission to extend
sonnel, employed or preparing for employ- ing of the Committee; and the alternate r:ss at this point inthe RECORD
ment In programs for the prevention or con- member shall while serving as such have in his renna
trol of juvenile delinquency or youth offenses. all respects the same status as a member of and to include extraneous matter.)
These grants would be available to any State, the Committee as does the regular member Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, in the
local, or other public or private nonprofit for whom he is serving. The Chairman of days o May 20 till May 23, the Sudeten
agency, organization, or institution, to carry the Committee shall be the Attorney Gen- German Day is taking place in Cologne,
out programs which held promise of making eral. Germany. The Sudeten German expel-
a substantial contribution to the prevention (b) The Committee may invite representa- lees who were forcibly deported from
or control of delinquency or youth offenses. tives of the Judiciary to participate in its their gentarie a forcibly
homeland in Bohemia
These pr6grams of courses, among others, deliberations. shall review, and Moravia/Silesia by the Communists
the development of courses, and d fellowships SEC. 2. The Committee (1) r
and traineeships. evaluate and promote ote the coordination of in 194,.), constitute now the main part of
Those provisions would make possible an the activities of the several departments the 11 million of German expellees and
intensive effort in meeting the acute short- and agencies of the Federal Government re- refugees living now in the free West
age of trained workers in this field-such as kiting to juvenile delinquency and youth German ]?ederal Republic. There were
probation officers, police, social workers, in- crime; (2) shall stimulate experimentation, million Sudeten Germans in their
stitutional house parents, youth gang work- innovation and improvement in Federal pro- 3 3.3 .3 mil homeland; over 2 million of
era and. others. This not only would begin a grams; (3) shall encourage cooperation and ancie tive; now in West Germano, the
but of. urgently needed trained personnel the sharing of information between Fed-them but would also improve, through inservice eral agencies and State, local and private rest in Austria and the Soviet Zone of
and other short-term training programs, the organizations having similar responsibilities Germany-many of them come again
background knowledge and skill of existing and interests; (4) shall make recommenda- as refugees from the Soviet Zone to West
personnel. tions to the Federal departments and agen- Germany.
3. Technical assistance services: In adds- des on measures to make more effective the The issue of the German expellees and
tion to studies relating to the prevention or prevention, treatment, and control of juve- refugees and of the Sudeten German ex-
control of juvenile delinquency or youth of- nile delinquency and youth crime. not only an old one, but a very
fenses, including the effectiveness of projects SEC. 3. There Is hereby established the ppellelf present, stt, is snot o one. Thousands of new
y
carried. under this bill, the draft bill would Citizens Advisory Council (hereinafter re- refugees from the Soviet Zone of Ger-
authorize technical assistance to State and (erred to as the Council) which shall con-
Municipalities and other public or private list of not less than 12 and not more than many arl ive daily in West Berlin and in
agencies in such matters, and the provision 131 members, who shall be persons (including West Gel many.
of short-term training and instruction in persons from public and voluntary organi- They are the main anti-Communist
technical matters relating to the prevention zations) who are recognized authorities in force in Germany and probably the
or control of delinquency or youth offenses professional or technical fields related to World. They are an asset for anyone in
(again including treatment of the indivi- juvenile delinquency or youth crime, or per-
duals involved). sons representative of the general public the free world who wants to save hu-
The bill would require that the Secretary who are leaders in programs concerned with man freedom. They are the anti-Com-
of Health, Education, and Welfare consult juvenile delinquency or youth crime, and muntst wall-in the same way as if half
with the President's Committee on Juvenile who shall be designated by the Chairman of of the "United States were occupied by
Delinquency and Youthful Offenders on mat- the Commitee after consultation with the the Reds and American anti-Commu-
ters of general policy under the bill and con- Committee and serve at the pleasure of the nists would flee from the occupied zone
sider any recommendations of the Commit- Committee. The Chairman of the Council the still free territory-they would be
tee on project applications or proposed shall be designated by the Chairman of the the same anti-Communist wall as are the
studies under the bill. Cpmmittee.
The additional cost of the proposed bill SEC. 4. The Council shall furnish the Com- German expellees and refugees today.
for the fiscal year 1962 is estimated to be mittee advice and recommendations with re- The Sudeten German expellees have
$10 million. spect to the matters with which the Com-? always strived for the cooperation with
Faithfully yours, mittee is concerned under section 2 of this conservative anti-Communist American
ABRAHAM RIBICOFF, order and any other matters relating to the Statesmen in the Congress. They have,
Secretary. functions of the Committee on which it may moreover, always striven for a close co-
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10940 desire information or advice. operation with the Czechs, Slovaks, and ortsj
make re
h
l
i
t
a
ee s
l
t
SEC. 5. The Comm
k, Hu11l';arilns living now also in exile,
ESTABLISHING THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE ON to the President from time to time witn:l
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND YOUTH CRIME respect to is activities and shall make rec?? with whom they had lived for the long
Whereas the U.S. Government has an ob- ommendaticns to the President regarding; 20 year,,. in one state, Czechoslovakia,
ligation 1t~o maintain and develop programs policy, programs, and any additional meas.. erected in 1918, but with whom they had
iV o. 83--14 '..
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1961 Approved Feb%"gSJ8( /k1~J/ 0DP?JW
from the design, construction, and operation their achievement used as a basis for that we ought not to be involved in Que-
of the large nuclear-power stations already discrimination in a variety of Federal moy or Matsu, that we should try to
assured. programs. gracefully withdraw from the Berlin
The long-range outlook for the uranium I have voted on occasion for programs situation. He describes these groups as
industry is bright-of this I am certain. The
intermediate period may be difficult but dif- which tax Connecticut citizens dispro- the real descendants of the America
ficulties have been, and can be, overcome, portionately for the benefit of other sec- Firsters and the isolationists of 20 years
it b
e-
I still am an optimist. tions of the country. I have done
cause this is one country, one people,
with one common cause. I believe that
SUPPORT OF DAVITS-COOPER when we help Americans anywhere, if
AMENDMENT TO FEDERAL AID TO the program is reasonable, we help
EDUCATION BILL Americans everywhere.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I am a Because of Connecticut's high stand-
supporter of the Javits-Cooper amend- ing in personal income, the people of our
ment. I support it because it provides State stand to be taxed more for Fed-
a far more acceptable formula for dis- eral programs than any other State.
tributing Federal aid for school con- There are many programs of vital in-
struction and teachers' salaries than terest to the Nation such as conserva-
the committee bill. tion, agriculture, public power, recla-
I was led to this position, first, by mation, irrigation, and others which by
the problem of my own State of Con- their nature have little application to
necticut and, second, by my concern for Connecticut. Yet we are willing to sup-
the national picture. port these programs with our tax dollars
The committee bill provides only because they are important to the Na-
$9.26 for each Connecticut school-age tion and Connecticut is a part of the
child, the lowest amount granted to any Nation.
State under the committee bill. At the But we have before us today a problem
present time, the average educational ex- which does apply to Connecticut. Our
penditure per child in Connecticut is State, like other States, needs help in the
around $420. Action pending before the field of education and it is entitled to
State legislature will raise that figure to get that help on an equal basis with
about $450, and local action in many other States.
of our 169 communities will raise that Even if the allowance per school child
figure closer to the $500 mark. was the same in every State, Connecticut
Against these figures, the $9.26 per would still be giving more than it gets
school-age child provided by the com- because of its high income position. But
mittee bill is insignificant. It will on top of this inherent disproportion,
scarcely make a dent in the educational there has been added a discriminatory
problem of Connecticut. And to get this formula under which Connecticut re-
marginal aid, the taxpayers of Con- ceives the least though it pays the most.
necticut will be required to spend sev- This is unfair.
eral dollars in Federal taxes for each The Javits-Cooper amendment pro-
dollar of aid they receive. vides a reasonable formula for dealing
As a small sweetener, the committee fairly with all States and dealing ade-
bill permits private and parochial quately at the same time with the na-
schoolchildren, which number about 18 tional interest. It provides a basic pay-
percent of Connecticut's school popula- ment of $20 per pupil to all States. It
tion, to be counted for Federal-aid pur- does not abuse commonsense by paying
poses. The private and parochial the public school system for the expenses
schools, of course, will not receive this borne by private and parochial schools.
money. Their children will merely be And for the several States which, because
used as justification for raising the total of their relative poverty, have special
which goes to the public schools. educational problems, the amendment
This violates basic equity since it pro- provides extra money.
vides Federal money to States for fl- This is a formula that I can -support.
nancing education for which the States Under it Connecticut would receive al-
bear no expense. And it adds insult to most $8.4 million as opposed to the $5.2
injury to parents of private and pa- million under the committee bill. And
rochial schoolchildren who not only re- as a matter of principle, it would treat
ceive no aid, but also find their great Connecticut on an equal basis with most
effort and sacrifice recognized only as other States, making special allowances
a basis for increased aid to public for the grave problems of the States least
I-, ,,Ir able to help themselves.
uV Under the committee bill, Connecti- I congratulate my colleagues for offer-
cut is at the bottom of the list in aid ing this amendment, and I am privileged
received, and at the top of the list in N to join wit them In its support.
Connecticut, though ' it has many '"NEW I OLATIONIST-PACIFIST
serious economic problems and around ` THREAT
prosperous State in the Union. I am, Mr. DODD. Mr. President, yester-
of course, happy about this. Our rela- day's Washington Evening Star carried
tive prosperity does not arise because an article by the distinguished columnist,
we have any unusual natural resources. William S. White, which was one of the
We have practically no natural re- finest nutshell summaries I have seen of
sources. The prosperity of Connecticut the crisis we face.
has been built over long decades by the Mr. White describes as neopacifists and
thrift, ingenuity, know-how, and hard neoisolationists those who today argue
work of its people. And frankly, our that we cannot do anything about Cuba,
people are getting a little tired of having that we cannot do anything about Laos,
Mr. White points out that the neo-
Isolationists and the neopacifists are far
more influential and, therefore, far more
dangerous, than their forebears in the
late 1930's, because their arguments are
less frank and more subtle.
Whether our country will succeed or
fail, in my judgment, depends in large
measure on whether our Government,
our press, and our universities can free
themselves of the influence of these lat-
ter-day pacifists.
I ask unanimous consent that the col-
umn by William S. White, appearing in
the Evening Star of May 17, 1961, be
printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
NEW ISOLATIONIST-PACIFIST THREAT-GROUP
SEEN PERILING NATION IN DELUSION THAT
ALL FORCE, EVEN FOR RIGHT, Is EVIL
(By William S. White)
American foreign policy stands at the most
fateful crossroads since the old isolationists
and paciflcists narrowly failed two decades
ago to prevent this country from joining in
the resistance to the Nazis and Fascists.
This movement honestly believed itself
dedicated to "peace" and to America First.
But had it had its way America would
have finished not first but rather third-the
third victim, after Britain and France, of
an antihuman force centered in Adolf Hitler.
Now there has arisen to frightening in-
fluence a new American isolationism, a new
American pacifism, which may well destroy
the capacity of the United States to resist
the equally antihuman force of interna-
tional communism.
in one way, indeed, the danger is greater
now than then. For the old isolationists,
the old pacifists, at least did not deny their
isolationism, their pacifism. But the new
isolationism will not acknowledge itself for
what it is. The new pacifism will not admit,
even to itself, that the inevitable end of its
reasoning is the surrender of one anti-Com-
munist position after another until there
will be at last no place for the West to turn
and stand its ground.
Instead, the neoisolationists, the neopaci-
flsts, put the plainmeaning of their policies
under a bland, superior cloud of self-delud-
ing talky-talk. They do not simply say
flatly that we should take no risk in this
world-not in Cuba, not in Laos, not any-
where-and let it go at that.
With that kind of candor, the issues could
at any rate be met head-on. Rather, they
argue, for example, simply that Cuba is not
really a threat to the United States, in spite
of the public alliance with the Soviet bloc
publicly proclaimed by Fidel Castro. Cuba
is only "peripheral," though Cuba lies 90
miles from the American shoreline and
though for the first time in our nationhood
an aggressive international power has an
undeniable lodgment in this hemisphere.
So it is with Laos. Laos is not really
worth any risk, either. We are held to be
interfering there in local politics, or some-
thing or the other.
Again, the pre-conditions for fair debate
are denied for lack of candor among the new
isolationists, the new pacifists. For nearly
all those who now declare that Castro of-
fers no great danger to us were in the fore-
front of those who built up the dictator
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Castro, with almost hysterical hosannas, in ITALY'S :ECONOMIC RxivarsaANCO In this economic renaissance, American in-
the first place. He is in part their own crea- (By A. Spanel, ipan, International vectors and industrialists
tion. This truth they cannot admit with- N. Schair are playing a large
out admitting their share of responsibility. Latex Corp.) and wholesome part. Already over 300 U.S.
So what is a truth becomes, to them, no Visitors to Italy are deeply impressed by firms opera-:e in Italy-usually in partner-
truth at all. palpable evidences not only of a new pros- ship with local capital-and their numbers
The new isolationists, the new pacifists, have s but of a neo eft. For country's those ho keep tractedby growing. More favorable and tax mandore of other them, at-
have honorable motives. But at the very personal al memories s o of the cntry'sir- tives, find this land ideal for branch fac-
bottom they are also men caught by a dan- turd collapse Only 15 years ago, this rebirth
gerous and shallow myth exploded way back of a great nation has a touch of the miracu- tones.
in Hitler's time for all mankind to see. This lous. And they have, too, the special satin- Most significant, as one surveys the Italian
is the delusion that all force is always evil faction of knowing that the miracle was social scene, is a deep awareness among the
(and all generals always stupid) even when wrought by freedom. people that the miracle of rebirth has been
only force is left to defend right and justice. The cold statistics, and reports by long- made possible by the climate of freedom and
It is the delusion that only "diplomacy" time American observers on the Italian scene, cooperation with the great democracies. The
and "negotiation" are acceptable weapons. confirm the visitor's impressions. country plays an important role in the Eu-
So we fail in Cuba, because we dare not The Rome correspondent of the Christian ropean common market. Undemonstratively
risk direct action and thus the censure of Science Monitor, Walter Lucas, writes in the and without histrionics, it stands resolute
the neo:isolationists, the neopaciflsts, in New Leader about "Italy's continuing eco- in devotion i o the free world coalition. Italy
this and other countries. So our Secretary noinic miracle." Our former ambassador to has proved itself consistently as a loyal ally.
of State refuses one day to sit down at Roane, James D. Zellerbach, writing in the Her people old in civilization, are ever aware
Geneva with Communist gunmen and next Saturday Review, attests that "Italy is not that nafiona, like human beings, are en-
day agrees to sit down with them, under only emerging as an industrial nation of the lowed with strengths and weaknesses, and
pressure of the neopacifists in England, in first rank; it is also enjoying a major cultural they knewin;ly accept us as we are, with all
France and here. renaissance whose Impact extends far beyond our strengths and all our weaknesses.
It is easy tolaugh aside those who object its frontiers." The Fortune correspondent Italy has risen from the depths of defeat
to these surrenders. It is only necessary to reports that in Italy "good tines have arrived and defeatism to become master of its own
suggest that we are simply naive, excitable anti may have come to stay for the next destiny. Forewarned by a hair's-breadth es-
men, fiagwavers and warmongers. But just decade." cape from the clutches of communism, the
as Hitler tragically fooled the old isola- To grasp the magnitude of this victory, it Italians appear determined to preserve hu-
tionista and pacifists, Khrushchev is tragi- should be recalled that in the short span of man freedom.. In this resolve they merit the
cally fooling this new lot. three decades-1914 to 1945--Italy was em- understanding and unstinting cooperation
So President Kennedy faces a great im- broiled in two disastrous World Wars, For of all their allies, and America especially,
perative of history. He must soon free him- 23 years it was held in the paralyzing strait- It is altogether desirable that Italy's lead-
pelf of every shadow of the influence of this jacket of fascism.. In the Second of the wars ers and its special genius be given ever big-
new lot, or this country is going down the it was caught In the strangling pincers of the ger roles in ill free world alliances and en-
drain--and so is his administration in the Mussolini-Hitler alliance. terprises, Theyhave won this right by mag-
long book of that history. The end of these tribulations saw the na- niflcent performance under the most adverse
tiou's economy in a shambles, its currency conditions.
virtually valueless, Its spirit at low ebb. Deep The Italian people are the custodians of a
ITALY'S ECONOMIC RENAISSANCE- social conflicts were impelling the country glorious heritage of history and culture.
toward civil war. Exploiting idle hands and Their contributions are in the marrow and
EDITORIAL BY A. N. SPANEL empty bellies with zealous skill were the at the heart of our Western civilization. It
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, only the Communists, who dominated the internal is cause for profound satisfaction, therefore,
unity of the free world can save free- liberation forces. Small wonder that the that their new renaissance is enabling Italy
experts sadly prophesied doom. - to contribute measurably once again to the
dom's cause on this planet, a theme that But today, though the country Is still beset World wei cherish.
has been so consistently underscored to by economic and political problems, there is
the people and to the statesmen of the 'no doubt that the prophets were wrong. The
West in persuasive editorial advertise- Communists, true, are still the second lareest .'rr'trs'
selves as the advocates of mild reform rather Mr. DODD. Mr. President, there is
In repeatedly emphasizing the need than of violent revolution." now a very considerable libr
-
for true unity among the nations of the The fact is that Italy today is busy, boom- -D o ca s
West, Mr. A. N. Spanel, founder of that ing, optimistic. Even in relation to its most uoces. prepared by pro-Democratic
company, has maintained that initiative desperate problems-excessive population, sources. But, there are not enough
plus the aggregate strength of the na- unemployment, the underdeveloped Mezzo- works In that library that combine
dons of the free world are the most de- giorno or Italian south-the old defeatism is scholarship, balance, and readibility, so
pores of the insurance we have Sgt de- evaporating. The creative energies of a won- that they W,11 impress at the same time
derfully gifted and industrious people are the authority and the man in the street,
planned Communist aggression. In this again in full eruption.
framework there appeared an informa- The national economy, initially pump- I am haply, therefore, to bring to the
tive article in the New York Times of primed by generous American dollar aid, has attention o;' the Senate a new book
May 17, 1961 by Mr. Spanel entitled been growing by 6 percent a year; the trade which dk)es just that. "The Profile of
"Italy's Economic Renaissance" in which balance is favorable; the lira is stable. Ac-
is clearly traced the economic emergence cording to official figures, 1960 scored, as has just been published by the Anti-Def-
of that nation, and its importance to against 1959, an 18-percent rise In industrial
the West, investment, a 10-percent rise in employment, amation Le Lgue of B'nai B'rith. The
6 percent more consumption, league's contributions in this field were
Mr. Spanel and his company have The providential discovery of oil and gas hailed in the past by J. Edgar Hoover in
rendered great public service over the in north Italy and Sicily helped trigger the his, "Master3 of Deceit," as some of the
years not only to Americans but to free- economic upsurge. Italians entered the in- most effective opposition to communism
nom-l.ovillg people every where. Indeed, ternational market and became outstanding
the notice we now r a therCon merchants In the petroleum world. By now in the United States.
of - it is the automotive industry that paces the This book presents the basic history,
tribution in the public interest is but a new prosperity, with an almost fourfold aims and techniques of the Communist
modest forward to the unity which they expansion since. 1950. Steel production
have pleaded for so long, and which can tripled in the same decade. Smaller yet movement in Soviet Russia and in the
be so decisive for our survival and Striking growth has been registered In rub- free world. In simple question and an-
grOwth, ber, synthetic fibers, chemicals. swer form, tae book analyzes the strat-
1 the uaked eye. I, therefore, ask unanimous consent The rise in living standards is visible to egy of this empire-building, totalitarian
that the editorial by Mr. A. N. Spanel than ever before not Italians
only for necessities more
ut program and. exposes its inconsistencies.
which appeared in the New York Times for luxuries. Once a land of bicycles, Italy it is designed for use in the schools and
on May 17, 1961, be printed in the body has become a land of motor vehicles, its by community organizations.
Of the RECORD. roads and streets jammed by everything "Profile of Communism" is a publica-
from being no objection, the editorial from motor scooters and Italian-made auto-
mobiles to big foreign cars. Television an- tion of the Anti-Defamation League's
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tennas have become commonplace even in freedom books series. It is indeed a
as follows.: remote mountain villages, contribution to freedom.
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