A BOLD CHALLENGE TO CASTRO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-00664R000700200005-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: April 5, 1961
• Content Type: NSPR

New Tork lierall`tribtme Dlitorial_of 5
Approved For Release 2004/12/22 : CIA-RDP85-NOR 0200005-8
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..Art,(14g,faA Bold Challenge to Castro
The State Department's new pam-
Pphiet on Cuba is an extraordinary
,tdocunient inspired by an unprece-
dented situation.
' It details the crimes committed by
Dr. Castro against his people. It docu-
ments the betrayal by Castro of all
his stirring early promises and the
capture of the Cuban revolution by a
tough Communist conspiracy bent on
further aggression.
Repeated& reaffirming United States
friendship for the Cuban people, it
calls on Dr. Castro to break his ties
with the international Communist
Movement, to return 'to the original
purposes he proclaimed and to "re-
store the integrity of the Cuban revo-
lution." But "If this call is unheeded,"
It goes on, "we are confident that the
Cuban people, with their passion for
liberty, will continue to strive for a
free Cuba . . . that they will join
hands with the other republics in the
hemisphere in the struggle to win
freedom."
This comes close to being an open
call to revolt.
Unjustified interference in Cuba's
internal affairs? Hardly. It was Castro
who declared war on the hemisphere,
he who has abused diplomatic privi-
leges in every capital and sought to
subvert free governments wherever he
had the opportnnity. It was he who
gave the Sino-Soviet empire a beach-
head in the Americas, he who listened
approvingly last month while his
ambassador to Moscow told a Cuban
audience, "We Communists together
will continue forward. . . . Very soon
we shall see all the peoples of Latin
America become Communists."
It was not the Cuban people who
invited the Soviets in. It was Castro,
after winning power on the basis of
false promises, establishing a dictator-
ship and crushing all ?opposition, in
one of the cruelest swindles of the
Twentieth Century.
The State Department pamphlet is
mainly for distribution in Latin
America. Its issuance suggests encour-
agingly that a new hemispheric offen-
sive may be under way?an Alliance
for Freedom, to parallel the Alliance
for Progress already spelled out so
inspiringly by the President.
Latin Americans have been prone
to `complain that the United States
thinks too much about communism,
not enough about the pressing local
needs of its neighbors. If the lesson of
Cuba can be gotten across forcefully
enough, even the doubters and the
Instinctive anti-yen quis may see that
the danger of Communist aggression
in the hemisphere is not ephemeral,
but real and immediate, and that the
price of failure to guard against it is
human disaster.
Castro?not the Cuban people?has
made himself the common enemy of
every Latin nation's liberty. This
document is a clear, forceful warning
of what he has done and is doing. All
the peoples of the hemisphere, includ-
ing and especially the Cubans, have a
stake in thwarting his designs. Though
this starkly convincing pamphlet may
breach the traditional niceties of dip-
lomatic decorum, it makes properly
clear this country's identity of interest
with the people whose government it
most directly concerns.
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New York Herald Tr_bune Article of 5 April 1961
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/0( ricya-i r-fr4
U.S Paves Way
For Castro Fall
State Department Document Bids.
People of Cuba Cast Off Chains
By Joseph Newman
UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.,
Apr. 4.?The United States to-
day prepared the, ground_ far a
concerted move to bring down
the pro-Communist Cuban
regime of Fidel Castro.
Today's State Department
document on Cuba served this
dual purpose:
1, To the 6,000,000 people on
the island of Cuba it said in
effect:
"Arise, you have nothing to
lose but the totalitarian chains
of Fidel Castro."
2. To the nineteen other
American republics it said in
effect:
"Join the United States in
supporting the Cuban patriots
who are about to risk their
lives in still greater 'numbers
to overthrow a totalitarian
Communist state and to re-
store traditional American
principles of freedom."
One brief paragraph in the
State Department's paper
called on Mr. Castro to sever
links with the international
Communist movement and to
return to the original demo-
cratic aims of the 1959 revolu-
tion which overthrew the Ba-
tista dictatorship.
But this was a diplomatic,
formality rather than an offer
of a last chance to Mr. Castro
to make peace with the United
States. Everyone knows that
Mr. Castro is inextricably tied
politically and economically,
Into the Soviet-Chinese bloc.
To invite Mr. Castro to break
with the Moscow-Peiping axis
is like inviting him to commit
suicide, and no one expects him
to do so. Only a revolution is
likely to break Cuba's ties to
the Communist alliance, and the
United States, together with a
number of other American re-
publics and a considerable num-
ber of Cubans, inside and out-
side Cuba, is preoccupying it-
self with the prospects of such
a development sometime during
this year of 1961.
Plans for concerted action
against the Castro regime al-
ready have been formulated by
Oubans inside and outside the
Island republic.
Widespread uprisings and
sabotage will serve as a signal
for the arrival of well trained
Continued on page /3, column 6
Castro
(Continued from page one)
and supplied Cuban units now
based at various Caribbean
Points.
However, D-day has been de-
layed by failure of exiled Cuban
political leaders at Miami to
come to agreement on a united
front against Mr. Castro.
Two groups, led by Manuel
Ray and Antonio de Varona,
recently agreed to accept Jose
Miro Cardona as president of a
provisional government to be
established on Cuban soil as
soon as a beachhead is secured.
However, a third group, led
by Aurelian? Sanchez Arango,
refused to accept Mr. Miro Car-
dona and insisted on naming a
member of the Supreme Court
as provisional president.
Several hundred delegates,
representing different factions,
met in Miami over the week end
and upheld Sanchez Arango's
position as being in accordance
;with the Cuban Constitution of
1940. This constitution provides
for the senior member of the
Supreme Court to assume the
office of chief executive in the
absence of a President or Vice-
President.
IAlabau Trelles Favored
Anti - Castro Cuban s oldiers
will also be asked soon to vote
whether they want Mr. Miro
Cardona or a Supreme Court
judge.
Of the three Suprece Court
Justices now in exile in Miami.
Dr. Francisco Alabau Trelles is
considered to be the one most
likely to become provisional
President if agreement is
reached whereby Mx. Miro Car-
dona 1 etirmo tbat a, united
front of all Cuban groups may
be established.
Dr. Alabau Trelles is standing
by, awaiting a call to assume
the leadership of a liberation
movement against the Castro
regime.
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=tarifa frcei the It...torkTbeeti 5 April 3961
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White Paper on Cuba i'l?tr5-(f44(
The State Department's White Paper on Cuba
is a document of high quality. This is a care-
fully drawn up and brilliantly argued case. Within
the limits of what it sets out to do, it will be
hard, if not impossible, to refute on its own
terms. If the Cubans wanted to answer it effec-
tively, they could only do so by replying on a
plane equally high and academic in its tone and
content. There will be no use raving about it, as
the Cuban press and radio were doing yesterday.
Many facts in the State Department pamphlet
are incontrovertible. The Cuban revolution has
developed into a totalitarian regime, completely
dependent on the Sino-Soviet bloc for its sur-
vival. Moreover, there have been many publicly
expressed convictions by the Cuban leaders that
their economic and social problems?the process
of making a social revolution?can best be solved
by Marxist or communistic or totalitarian meth-
ods. It is also obviously true that the great
bulk of the middle classes, who were alone re-
sponsible for the civic resistance against 13atista,
fought for freedom and democracy and now feel
betrayed.
It is not the part of a document like this to
discuss the reasons why the Cuban revolution?
developed the way it did. The responsibility of
the United States Government lies in the secu-
rity of the United States. As the White Paper
says at one point: "What is important is not the
motive but the result." As events have devel-
oped, it cannot be denied that the revolution
represents "a grave and urgent challenge" and
"a clear and present danger."
There are many details in the pamphlet that
call for discussion, but two passages must not
be overlooked. One is the correct character-
ization of the Batista dictatorship as corrupt,
brutal and unjust and the frank acknowledgment
of "past omissions and errors" in dealing with
Cuba. The other point is the pledge that the
United States will give full support "to achieve
freedom, democracy and social justice" in Cuba.
This confession and this pledge will be impor-
tant in carrying our case against Cuba to the
other nations of Latin America. It is noteworthy
that the document makes no threats. It does
call upon the Castro regime to sever its links
with communism, but since this would mean the
end of the revolution, it is not conceivable that
President Kennedy expects this to happen. The
only alternative mentioned is that the Cuban
people will "continue to strive for a free Cuba."
The Cuban exiles should read the United States
White Paper as carefully as Cubans in Cuba.
Approved For Release 2004
ivyr ?
Washington
The Story Behind the
Cuban Statement
By JAMES RESTON
WASHINGTON, April 4 ? When
the Kennedy Administration publicly
denounces the Cuban Government as
a "Soviet satellite" which confronts
the Western Hemisphere with a
"grave and urgent challenge," it is
obvious that the Cuban crisis is en-
tering a new and critical phase.
President Kennedy, who approved
the State Department's White Paper
on Cuba after consultation with Sec-
retary of State Rusk and the head
of the Central Intelligence Agency,
Allen Dulles, has heretofore avoided
language of this sort.
His public statements on Laos, for
example, have dropped the hostile
and quarrelsome language of the
Cold War, but the tone of the Cuban
statement is sharp and even omi-
nous, and this difference is not at
all accidental.
The use of the words "grave and
urgent challenge" reflects a little-
known fact. This is that the Admin-
istration has reason to believe that
there are now between 100 and 200
Cuban airmen in Czechoslovakia be-
ing trained to fly Soviet MIG fight-
ers. So far as is known here, there
are as yet no MIG fighters aCtually
in Cuba, though it is not ruled out
that some may be there in crates as
part of the 30,000 tons of Commu-
nist arms which U. S. sources say
have been shipped to Cuba in the
last nine months.
In any event, it is widely believed
in official quarters here that if this
training program continues behind
the Iron Curtain?there are 2,700
Cuban technicians of every sort now
being trained in Communist coun-
tries?the military balance of power
In the Caribbean will.be such within
six months that only a major inva-
sion of Cuba by Western Hemisphere
forces, including the United States,
could hope to deal with the military
situation.
The Kennedy Government does
not wish to see such a situation
develop. It has no desire to land
marines in Cuba and open up the
old cries of Yankee imperialism,
especially when it is involved in a
major effort to discourage the Com-
munists from engaging in military
111122?nCIAEROP65-00884R000700200
and elsewhere.
tz'
Accordingly, the State Depart-
ment's Cuban declaration had three
objectives. It wished to make clear
before the forthcoming debate in
the U. N. that Washington was not
opposed to the social revolution in
Cuba but to the betrayal of that
revolution by Dr. Castro. It wanted
to urge the other Latin-American
nations to be realistic about Castro's
"fateful challenge to the inter-Amer-
ican system." And it wanted to give
hope to the anti-Castro forces with-
in Cuba and those training in this
country and in Guatemala that the
United States would support any
genuinely democratic government
established in Cuba.
This Administration is not acting
on the assumption that the Soviet
Union wants to establish a missile'
or military base in Cuba. Any such
attempt would undoubtedly be met
directly with military intervention
by the United States.
What is afoot is an effort to es-
tablish a Communist political base,
backed with enough force to exploit
the weakness of other governments
throughout the Caribbean and Cen-
tral America and create a serious
political diversion for the United
States in the Western Hemisphere.
It can be taken for granted that,
while the Kennedy Administration
does not want to intervene with its
own troops in Cuba, it does not in-
tend to stand aside and watch a
situation develop which would fore
such intervention.
Kennedy made this clear enough
during the Presidential campaign.
"We must," he said on Oct. 20 in
New York, "attempt to strengthen
the non-Batista democratic anti-Cas-
tro forces in exile and in Cuba itself
who offer eventual hope of over-
throwing Castro."
Castro is well aware of the fact
that these forces are being trained
in this country and in Guatemala.
As a matter of fact, the Cuban ra-
dio is daily charging the Central In-
telligence Agency with financing
and directing invasion units.
Thus a serious situation is devel-
oping which this Government does
not want but cannot avoid. The
President would no doubt prefer to
let time take care of Castro, espe-
cially since there are so many other
problems piling up on the White
House desk, but the training of a
Cuban air force behind the Iron Cur-
tain and the prospect of finding So-
viet MIGs over the Caribbean inevi-
tably force the Administration to
make an urgent review of the whole
problem.
05-8
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lisStitsgton Post I:clitoris-1s, 5 April 1961
va,641?fe
s
Castro's ?Betra,yal'
?fit mented by U. S.
, By Chalmers M. Roberts
ftaff `11.eporter
,,413,614 three weeks ago
itfterliavins rece:ved a 'dele-
titian of Latin Americans in
his office, president Kennedy
fell t9 341cin
With hr
aides ?abolLf the
Cuban prob-
lem.
Out of that
talk was 'born
the 36 page'
pamphlet sim-
ply entitled
"Cuba" which
was" released
late Monday by
the State Department. But it
Was chiefly a White House
document, drafted 'largely by
Arthur Schlesinger Jr.,' with
the heti of ichard N.. Good-
win, both White-House aides.
and Thomas C. Mann, the new
American Ambassador to 'Mex-
leo, who has been Assistant
Secretary, of State for Inter-
American Affairs. They were
the men in the President's of-
.
obeils
fice that day.,
Documents Betrayed
What the President sug-
gested, and what the pamphlet
does, was to document what
the first chapter terms "the
betrayal of the Cuban Revolu-
tion" by Fidel Castro and his
closest associates.
While there is a paragraph
calling on the Castro regime
"to sever its links with the
International C o rn munist
movement," this fact is not the
basic aim of the pamphlet.
American officials consider
that the Castro regime has al-
most certainly passed the point
of no return. In fact it is con-
tended here, though not in the
painphlet, that Castro is now
felt:ming almost to the letter
instructioniAnOwn to? have
been ,gi,&en Communist
leaders who iftended the 21st
Communist Party conference
in Moscow ip early 1059:
The plad is to have' fliotts--ILatin Nations Warned
ands, perhaps hundreds of
thousands, of copies of the
pamphlet circulated 'through-
out Latin America in Spanish,
Porttiguese, French, English
and perhaps other languages.
The pamphlet makes a num-
ber of points, among them
these:
? "What began as a move-
ment to enlarge Cuban de-
mocracy and freedom," with
Which the United States Gov-
ernment ? lully sympathizes,
"ha .s been ,perveited . . into
a Impliani?pa tor 1.1e dutruc-
tion, or five 'ifistitUtions in
Cuba.
Ms. .
cbarge Is documented
at length with accounts of the
fate or Cubais who worked
With Castro , against Batista
but yvlio Ho*
his mo'veinent toward corn:
rnunistn.
"Never in history has any
revolution so rapidly de-
voured its children." Of the
19 in the original Castro cab-
inet, nearly two-thirds are
today in prison, in exile, or in
opposition. The regime's Com-
munist leaders are identified,
n government, the military,
economics, diplomacy. "No
Cuban today, whether in field
or factory, in school or cafe
or home by the radio, can
hope to escape the monoto-
nous and implacable din of
Communist propaganda."
? Because of this betrayal,
there is now in the Western
Hemisphere "a new experience
?the experience of a modern
totalitarian st at e." Castro's
regime is "far more drastic
and comprehensive in its con-
trol than even the most ruth-
less of the old time military
dictatorships which have too
long disfigured the hemi-
sphere."
? No future Cuban govern-
ment "can expect to turn its
back" on the original aims
of the Castro revolution. But
Castro has betrayed that revo--
lution. He has in so doing
offered "a clear and present
danger to the authentic and
autonomous revolution of the
Americas," to the hopes for
economic development, social
progress and political liberty.
? Because Castro has deliv-
ered the revolution "to the
Sino-Soviet bloc," because he
has made Cuba "a base and
staging area for revolutionary
activity throughout the con-
tinent," because the regime's
action is directed toward "the
transformation of Cuba into a
Soviet satellite state," Cuba
today presents a "grave and
urgent challenge" to the entire
Western Hemisphere.
To drive home this point
the Castro assault on leaders
of other Latin nations is docu-
mented, and they are warned
that the regime is construct-
ing a 100,000 watt radio trans-
mitter "to facilitate its propa-
ganda assault on the Hemi-
sphere."
In its conclusion the pamph-
let says "it is not clear wheth-
er Castro intended from the
start to betray his pledges of
a free and democratic Cuba,
. . What is important is not
the motive but the result."
And what is important, all
others in Latin America are
reminded, is that Castro "has
committed that dictatorship to
a totalitarian movement out-
.side ileinisPhere" which,
treectom?
er? nation on this, side
Xtrantie.,
=
ids.i,c4. 614
6 ar,C. I
The Dividing Line
If there were any doubts about the United States
position on Cuba, the 36-page pamphlet issued
by the State Department ought to resolve them.
Written under the personal supervision of Presi-
dent Kennedy, the statement makes clear that the
United States does not oppose Fidel Castro because
he led a revolution. It opposes him, rather, be-
cause the Cuban Prime Minister has plunged his
country into the terror and totalitarianism he once
professed to despise. This is the point that we
hope will be pondered within Cuba and elsewhere
In Latin ,America.
The pamphlet contains hard facts to buttress
the melancholy conclusion that Castro has insti-
tuted a repressive tyranny and has delivered his
country to the Sino-Soviet bloc. Here are the
names, the dates, the events which compose the
chronicle of disenchantment with Fidel Castro.
"Never in history has any revolution so rapidly
devoured its children," the document states. "The
roster of Castro's victims is the litany of the Cuban
revolution."
The State Department pamphlet makes a per-
suasive case that Castro's chief target is less
Yankee imperialism than the democratic move-
ments for change elsewhere in Latin America. It
recites chapter and verse on Cuban efforts to un-
derinine and defame democratic-minded Latin
American leaders. It notes the shoddy cynicism
Involved in the Cuban attempts to side with the
Trujillo dictatorship in assailing Venezuela's Presi-
dent Romulo Betancourt. It makes clear that in
opening the gates to the Sino-Soviet bloc, Castro
has imperiled the inter-American system and has
made Cuba a pawn in 'the cold war.
Wisely, we think, the pamphlet lays little em-
phasis on the expropriation without compensa-
tion of foreign property. Serious as it is, this is
a matter which could be negotiated. It is not in
any event on a par with the sinister political en-
velopment of Cuba. The Administration recog-
nizes-that the clock cannot be turned back and that
,any 'potential successor government must be ex-
Ipeckd to conserve_ the positive 'gains of the Castro
(rev41ution.
In short, the line that divides Cuba from its
(neighbors is not economic but political. In calling
upon Fidel Castro to sever his country's ties with
an alien totalitarian system, the United States is
not asking Cuba to abandon its revolution. Instead,
the plea is to rescue a once-promising revolution
Ifrorh its destruction by an external power that
is using Cuba to provoke an international civil war.
There is no illusion, to be sure about the possi-
bility of such a change. Cuba's foreign masters
tare ,sb solidly entrenched that even if Fidel Castro
should attempt to break away it is debatable
'whether he could succeed. But the pamphlet serves
the purpose of making the record clear. It ac-
knowledges "past omissions and errors in our re-
lationships" with Cuba. One of the omissions was
the Official silence in Washington when Fulgencio
Batista turned Cuba into a police state. In the
ease of Castro, the same mistake is not being
repeated.
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Article Craw ct, New rce* tines, 5 April 196.1
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Cubans Irate Over 'Insult'
In U. S. Plea to Oust Reds
NY r5011:41
? By R. HART PHILLIPS
Special to The New York Times,
?ITAVANA, April 4?The Cuban Government press
emitted cries of rage today over the United States ap-
peal that the Castro regime cut its ties to international
communism 5 n d "restore the
dignity" of the Cuban revo-
lution.
Revolucinn, official publica-
tion, of Premier Fidel Ca,stro's
revolutionary organization, said
the pamphlet issued yesterday
by the State Department was
"dirty."
' The pamphlet, Written Aar
President Kennedy's close super-
vision, expressed a "profound
determination" by the United
States to support a democratic
government in Cuba. It said
that the United States, "along
with other nations of the hem-
isphere," would help such a
future government bring "free-
dom" to the Cuban people.
[In Washington, the State
Department said Cuba would
free two Americans held since
March 24.]
U. S. Warned of 'Struggle'
The State Department, issu-
ing the thirty-six-page docu-
ment, warned of a "struggle"
by the Cuban people for free-
dom. It did not indicate how
or when such a struggle would
be joined.
The pamphlet "insults, lies
and cynically distorts the truth"
and reveals "the turbid maneu-
vers of a Government without
prestige and without reason,"
RevoluciOn said.
"What countries," Revoluci6n
asked with sarcasm, "have au-
thorized the United States to
speak in their names?could it
be Brazil, Ecuador or Mexico ?"
The Cuban regime claims full
support by those countries.
Revolucie ridiculed all ef-
forts of the United States
against the Cuban regime as
futile.
"The Government of the mil-
lionaire Kennedy," it said,
"may continue plotting defama-
tion campaigns against Cuba,
may continue arming merece-
naries and preparing war crimi-
nals, may continue threatening
CUBANS ARE IRATE
AT 'INSULT' BY U. S.
Continued From Page 1, Col. 6
achieve is that dirty pamphlet."
No news reports were pub-
lished here on the pamphlet,
but, in further comment, the
Government newspaper El Mun-
do termed the State Depart-
ment paper "the most cynical
ever issued by the United
States."
Under the title, "A shameful
Batch of Papers," El Mundo
said the "exhortation" to Cuba
to break off relations with the
Communist countries was "an
aggression against our sov-
ereignty."
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Continued on Page 18, Column 4
Article true the Wr ington Neve, 5 April 1961
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Fidel is 'Beyond the Pale.' but Not Cuban People
No Reconciliation Seen
i1 ii
CAP4 I
Between U. S. & Castro
? By Scrlpps-Noward Newspapers
Fidel Castro has passed
the point of no return so
far as President Kennedy
is concerned, but Cuba and
the Cuban people have not.
The Kennedy Administra-
tion places Castro and his
Communist henchmen beyond
the pale as betrayers of the
justified and long - overdue
revolution against the Batista
regime. There can be no rec-
onciliation with men who
have committed their country
lock, stock and barrel to the
International communist
movement and boast of do-
ing the same for all Latin
America.
President Kennedy is ready
to "lay it on" Castro in a
major effort to prevent the
irrevocable transformation of
Cuba into a Soviet satellite
State like Hungary.
STILL HOPE
Castro has taken Cuba far
into the Soviet camp. But
there still is hope the Cuban
people, with support from
the rest of the hemisphere,
will rid themselves of this
cancer and get back to the
democratic objectives of their
revolution.
The ,maj or problem now is
to convince the rest of Latin
America that wishful think-
ing about "patching things
up" with Castro will only in-
crease the danger of creeping
cr galloping communism
elsewhere in the hemisnhere.
,F
The other hemispheric na-
tions must also be shown
that this is not just a row be-
tween the United States and
Castro?it is a row between
Castro and all of Latin
America. No one can sit on
the sidelines.
BLUNT FACT
To put it bluntly, Mr. Ken-
nedy has decided there can
-be no deals with Castro, and
there is no point in pulling
punches or indulging in diplo-
matic niceties with him.
regime must be eliminated,
and why major emphasis now
must be placed on helping the
original "26th of July move-
ment" get rid of its betrayer.
The next move probably
will come in the United Na-
tions this week. Castro's for-
eign minister Raul Rao is
expected to deliver another
of his periodic tirades
against the "Damn Yan-
kees," replete with vivid if
imaginary descripitions of al-
leged U. S. plans to "invade"
Cuba ? an "invasion" Castro
has predicted almost every
week for months.
U. S. Ambassador Adlai
Stevenson, against the back-
ground of the white paper, is
prepared to "let Castro have
it"?chapter and verse on his
betrayal, and in many cases
execution, of the decent,
democratic Cubans who
helped him to power.
ealkejAllte paper Issued_vb
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ba spells out in detail why
Castro and his communist
New York Herald TribuY 4 April 1961
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Bids Castro Snip Red Tie
U. S. P1edes Syjouprt'
6 ki Pisk
Thr a e ratite Cuba
By United Press Internatio
WASHINGTON, Apr.
The United States called--
Cuban Premier Fidel Castro
tonight to cut his ties with
Communism, and promised
support for any democratic
*
attac.k nn tht
Minle ?Metter! coptinu-
ing American dismay athe
course of events in the troubled
island country just off the coast
of Florida.
U. S. Ship Detained
Only today the State Depa
government on the island.
ment announced that a Cu
If Mr. Castro failed to heed, gunboat had detained
this call, the State Department American cable-repair schoo
said, it was confident that the Western Union for six hp
Cuban people, "with their pas- Friday in international wat
and let the vessel go only v
a United States destroyer
jet planes appeared.
The pamphlet on Cuba
Mr. Castro credit for doing a
good in the early days o
regime by building new seri.,
and new houses, establisWrig
medical clinics, inaugur7,74.?,.,
land reforms and promisiriCtd.
eliminate graft in the govV-
ment.
It said, "No future Cuba4
government can expect to turf1,
its back on such objectives."
. But, the document added,.
"the record of the Castro regime
has been a record of the stead'
and consistent betrayal of
Dr. Castro's pre-revolutionary
promises and the result has
been to corrupt theQQiU
achievements and in,a4, thJ
the means not of libel
but of bondage."
Refugees Noted
Detailing the long list of Air-
mer Castro associates who have
been imprisoned or forced to
flee the country, the pamphlet
said:
"Never in history has any rev-
olution so rapidly devoured its
children."
The United States paper doc-
umented the "steady expansion
of Communist power within the
regime" and listed known Com-
munists in key positions.
It said the Castro regime "by
completing its purge of the ju-
diciary has perfected its control
over all organized institutions
of political power. Justice is now!
the instrument of tyranny,"
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? The pamphlet cited Mr.
Castro's repeated support of
Soviet objectives.
"On one hue after another,
the Castro regime has signified
its unquestioning acceptance of
the Soviet line on international
affairs," the paper said. "In
every area the actien of the
Castro regime is steadily and
purposefully directed toward a
single goal?the transformation
of Cuba into a Soviet satellite
state."
The United States said that
despite. the attions of the
Castro reerne "the people of
Cuba remain our brothers."
"We acknowledge past omii-
sion,s and errors in our rela-
tionship with them." the doca-
:ment said. "The United State,
along with the other natio*
of the hemisphere, expresses
r
:profound determination to a
'sure future democratic goverri-
Iments,in Cuba full and posititt,
support in their efforts to help
the Cuban people achieve fre4
darn, democracy and social Anil-
e call once again on..Vat
Castro regime to sever its
with the international ComMijr,
nit movement, to return to tile
rlginal purposes which brough
so many gallant' men togethe,
in the Sierra Maestra and
restore the integrity of
Cuban revolution.
Call for Action
"If this call is unheeded, we
are confident that the Cuban
People, with their passion for
liberty, will continue to strive
or a free Cuba; that they will
return to the splendid vision of,
inter-American unity and pro-
gress, and that in the spirit, of ,
Jose Marti, they will join hands;
with the other republics in the
hemisphere in the struggle to
win freedom."
sion for liberty, will continue'
to strive for a free Cuba."
The United States proztte
to support democracy in Cl.*
was made in a thirty-six-pi4le
pamphlet, the Kennedy 0;
ministration's first policy docU-
rnent on the Castro regime.
"It is the considered judg-
InCnt of the government of the'
United. States of America that
the Castro regime in Cuba of-
fers a clear and present dan-
ger to the authentic and au-
tonoraous revolution of the
lAmericas," the pamphlet said.
It said Mr. Castro and his
followerh had "betrayed their
own revolution" by delivering.
it into "the hands of a power
alien to the hemisphere."
State Department press of-
ficer Lincoln White said the
document was not intended as
a "White Paper" but was writ-
ten for the American public
because of the "tremendous
public interest in the United
States concerning Cuba." He
said copies of the pamphlet
would be made available to
members of the United Nations
and the Organization of Ameri-
can States.
The documentation of Cuba's
drift into the Communist camp
said:
"What began as a movement
to enlarge Cuban democracy
and freedom has been perverted,
in short, into a mechanism for
the destruction of free institu-
tions in Cuba, for the seizure by.
international Communism of a,
base and bridgehead in the
Americas, and for the disrup-
tion of the inter - American
system."
The United States called the;
Castro regime "the spearhead
of attack on the inter-Amer-
ican system" and a "fatefull
challenge to that system."
It declared that under Mr
Castro, "Cuba has already be-
come a base and staging area
for revolutionary activity ?
throughout the continent' It
listed examples of Cuban inter-
vention in the affairs of other
Latin American countries ane
of its support of elements plot-
ting rebellion.
"Most instances of serious
civil disturbance in Latin Amer-
ica in recent months exhibit
Cuban influence, if not direct
intervention," the document
said. It cited Venezuela. El Sal-
vador, 'Nicaragua, Panama.'
Colombia, Bolivia. and Para-1
guay.
FREW of Red Arms
The document said. that to
understand the magnitude of
the communist domination of
,Cuba i. was important to re-
alize that since mid-1960, more
t'i:in 10.000 tons of arms worth
an estimated $50,000.000 have
poured into Cuba from behind
the Iron Curtain in "an ever-
rising flood." It said Soviet and
CZeCh Advisers have accornpa-
tied the arms.
Cuba now has the largest
ground forces in the Western
Hemisphere, not counting the
United States, with an esti-
Mated 250,000 to 400.000 men
.under irms, the United States
said.
"SoyTt domination of eco-
nothic relations has proceeded
with similar speed and compre-
herisivi nr.ss," it added. It sites
a serie of trade and financial
:agreements which "has into-
!grate the Cuban economy with
Itht of the ComMtulist
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U. S. Invites
Cagro,to Cut
, lost i-iitti;1
Soviet Links
By Stewart Hensley
TJnhl Cd Prens liii Ciii to;, ii
, The United States promiwd
last night to support any
democratic g o v ernment. in
Cuba, and again called on
Cuban Premier Fidel Castro
to cut his ties with commu-
nism.
In effect. the State Depart-
ment, in a 36-page pamphlet,1
went over the head of Castro!
to tbc Cuban people with a!
plea for a return to democracY'
in the island country.
?The document said the
United States is confident
Unbar, g?./nboat Is aud
detains American cable-
repair schooner, but let's it
go when United States de-
stroyer and. planes appear.
Page A10.
that the Cuban people, "with
their passion for liberty, Will
continue to strive for a free
Cuba" if Castro fails to heed
the call to break with com-
munism.
Support Promised
It pointedly said, however,
that it would support any fu-
ture democratic government
of Cuba?avoiding any com-
mitment to hack a democratic
movement before it actually
became the official gavel-A-
ment on the island.
In this first written policy
on the Castro regime, Lb c.
Kennedy Administration said
Cuba, under Castro, is "stead-
ily and purposely directed to-
ward a single goal--the trans-
formation of Cuba into a So-
viet, satellite state."
110w e v e r, it acknowledged
that the United States had
made "past omissions and er-
rors" in its relationship with
Cuba and promised to correct
these in the future.
The pamphlet said Castro
and his followers had "bet
frayed their own revolution,"
delivering it into "the hands
of power alien to the herni-
sphere."
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Srfafe" 15epnitpiehj, ,resi
Of-
fiber: Lincoln 4hite said the
document was not intended as
a -white paper" but was ht-ting
written for the A merlean pub-
lic because of the "tremend-
ous public in teres 1 in the
United States con eerning,
Cuba."
Copies to U. N., OAS
White said copies of the
pamphlet?of which Arthur M.
Schlesinger Jr., special assist-
ant to the President. was
one of the principal authors
?would be made available to
Members of the United Na-
tions and the Organization of
American States (OAS)
The document said.
, "What began as a move-
ment to enlarge Cuban de-
!diOcracy and freedom has
.neen perverted, in short, into
a! mechanism for the destrne-
tion of free institutions in
liba for the seizure by inter-
tional communism of a bast
attl bridgehead in the .Niner-
leas, and for the disruption of
the inter-American system."
The pamphlet cited Cas-
tro's repeated support ot So-
viet objectives, It said:
"In every area the a, tion
of the Castro regime is si earl-
ily and purposefully lire, ed
toward a single goal ? the
transformation of Cuba ;no
a, Soviet satellite state."
Approve44FgRele'-a?s7120-04i1i/i2a?'&4i1SP1485-.0-d4R000700200005-8
CUBA IS WARRED
Kennedy Helps Draft
Appeal on 'Struggle
for Hemisphere
Vic_ text of U. S. statement.' ;
On Cuba is on Page 14,
By E. W. KENWORTHY
Special to The New York Times.
WASHINGTON, April 3?
The United States called on the
regime of Premier Fidel Castro
tonight "to sever its links with
the internationtf Communist
movement" and "to restore the
dlinity" of the original Cuban-
revolution.
The call was issued in a
thirty-six-page pamphlet pub-
lished by the State Department
but written in the White House.
under the close direction of
?President Kennedy.
"The people of Cuba remain
our brothers.' the pamphlet
said. "We acknowledge past
omissions and errors in our re-
lationship to them. The United
ates, along with other nations
of the hemisphere, expresses a
profound determination to as-
future democratic govern-
,
Nients in Cuba full and positive
siipport in their efforts to help
the Cuban people achieve free-
dom, democracy and social
justice."
Admonition Is Made g
However, this call to return
to the original purposes of the
revolution and the offer of help
in achieving them were fol-
lowed by an admonition:
"If this call is unheeded, we
are confident that the Cuban
people, with their passion for
liberty, will continue to strive
for a free Cuba; that they will
return to the splendid vision of
inter-American unity and prog-
ress; and that in the spirit of
Jose MartCthey;Will join hands
with the other ublics i the
hemisphere in the struggle to
win freedom."
The pamPhlet did .not state
when the struggle would be
joined or how,it,would be start-
ed, but it did
"It is the considered judgment
of the Government of the United
States of America that the
Castro regime in Cuba offers
a clear and present danger to
the authentic and autonomous
revolution of the .Americas?to
the whole concept of spreading
political liberty, econoinie de-
velopment, and social progress
through all the republics of the
hemisphere."
In denouncing the Cuban con-
nection with communism, the
document stated:
"We call once again on the
Castro regime to sever its links
with the international Commu-
nist movement, to return to the
original purposes which brought
so many gallant men together
in the Sierra Maestra, and to
restore the integrity of the Cu-
ban Revolution."
Theme Is Betrayed
The theme of the pamphlet is
that Premier Castro has be-
trayed the revolution he led to
victory on Jan. 1, 1959, over
Fulgencio Batista, the former
President and dictator.
Premier Castro, the publica-
tion charges, has instituted a
"repressive dictatorship" in
Cuba, delivered his country "to
the Sino-Soviet bloc," and is
mounting an attack on the
whole inter-American system.
Indicating what' a falling-off
there has been from the ideals
,that animated Dr. Castro's ut-
terances when he was in the
Sierra Maestra, the pamphlet
says that at the outset of his
coming to power, the whole
hemisphere "rejoiced at the
overthrow of the Batista
tyranny."
However, the pamphlet con-
tinued:
"What began as a movement
10. ehla:rge-eilbarideniOeraCTifidl
ffeedom has been perverted,iii
.Slieft; into' mechanism for- the
destruction of free institutions'
in Cuba, for the seizure by in-
ternational communism of a
base and bridgehead in the;
Americas, and for the disrup-
tion of inter-American sys-
tem."
On the basis of these actions,:
the publication declared: "It is
the considered judgment of the
Government of the United States,
of America that the Castro re;.;
gime in Cuba offers a clear and,
present danger to the auth:eXitie.!
and autonomous revolution,: a.
the Americas?to the whole
hope of spreading political lib-
erty, economic development,
and social progress through all
the republics of the hemisphere,"
The United States said that
if its call on the Castro regime
to sever its links with com-
munism went unheeded, :"we:
are confident that the Ctiban
people, with their passion for,
liberty, will continue to strive'
for a free Cuba and will join!
hands with the other republics]
in the hemisphere in the strug-
gle to win freedom."
Pamphlet Kennedy's Idea
According to informed sourcea,
here, the idea for the pa.mpWeti
was President Kenn ed y' s.
has long been concerned at t
lack of popular uncierstandii
in Latin America of the Unita,d
States attitude toward the CW-1
tro regime.
The President's convictions
about this lack of understand-
ing, it was said, were re-enforced
by reports brought to him by
Adolf A. Berle Jr., special co-
ordinator on Latin-American
policy, and Arthur M. Schles-
inger Jr., former Harvard histo-
ran who is a White House aide,
after trips to South America..
The pamphlet was wrAtten
largely by Mr. Schlesingerlyith
the cooperation of Rithatd,
Goodwin, a Presidential as
ant dealing with foreign
and in consultation
State Department.
However, according to these
informants, President Keritiedy
devoted many hours to the
pamphlet personally, going orr
it with Mr. Schlesinger. ? -
Since the pamphlet is int,
ed primarily to correct
sions in aLtin America, Sp
and Portuguese translationtll
be circulated widely through the
hemisphere.
Dr. Castro, the pamphlet cdn-
tends, betrayed his revolution
by breaking his promises to
proclaim the 1940 Constitution
the supreme law of the lancl, to
hold elections, to guaranteLab-
solutely freedom of presa7aild
political rights. 1.1V
The history of the Castro re-
? gime, the pamphlet declamd,
has been the "calculated de-
struction" of the rebel array
and the 2K -of July Moveitent
'brOught Dr. Castro to
IpOwei.': ? -
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THE WASHINGTON DAILY NEM, TUESDAY, APRIL 4, 1961=-7
Quit Red Movement!
U. S. Appeals
to Cubans
The United States said last night it was confident
the Cuban people "will continue to strive for a free
Cuba" even-if Premier Fidel Castro refuses to break
with communism.
forced to flee the country, the
In a 36 page pamphlet, the pamphlet said:
State Department called Cas-
tro's regime to "sever its
links with the international
communist movement."
SUPPORT
It promised full American
support for any future demo-
cratic government in Cuba -
avoiding any commitment to
back a democratic movement
before it became the official
government of the island.
In effect, the State Depart-
cot pamphlet?first written
policy on the matter in the
Kennedy administration ap-
pealed over Castro's head to
.the. Cuban people.
the Department said that
Cuba was being "steadily and
urposely directed toward a
gle goal ? the transforma-
tion of Cuba into a Soviet
tellite state."
The pamphlet, which the
iktate Department said was
being written for the Amen-
-T public, public, conceded that the
United States had made "past
?Missions and errors" in deal-
ing with Cuba. It promised
to rectify these.
The publication chronicled
the drift of Cuba toward com-
munism, declaring:
"What began as a move-
ment to enlarge Cuban de-
mocracy and freedom has
been perverted, in short, into
a mechanism for the destruc-
tion of free institutions in
Cubailor the seizure by inter-
national communism of a base
And bridgehead in the Amer--
and for the disruption of
'the inter-American system."
BROTHERS
Despite the actions of the
Castro regime, it said, "The
peo of rcuba remain, our
bro
e long list of
rkelk?13
been. imprisoney Cr
ha e
"Never in history has any
revolution so rapidly devoured
its children."
The U. S. paper documented
the "steady expansion of com-
munist power within the re-
gime" and listed the known
communists in key positions.
It said the Castro regime
"by completing its purge of
the judiciary, has perfected
its control over all organized
institutions of political powet.
Justice is now the instrumehf
!
of tyranny." (UPI)
--UPI photo
APPEAL ? Secretary of
State Dean Rusk is shown
with the 36-page pamphlet
on Cuba prepared by the
Kennedy Administration
Which calls on Cuban Pre
-Mier Fidel Castro to rut his
'ftlfeti-With communism.
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l\I-EV: YORK TIMES - Tuesday April 1961
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WASHINGTON, April '3_ employed with calculated effect
to Suppress the rekindled hopes
Following is tar text of a State
nim-
Department document on Cuba of the Cuban people for de
issued today: y diflek 41 racy and to intervene in the
internal affairs or other Amer-
ican republics.
What began as a movement
to enlarge Cuban democracy
and freedom has been per-
verted, in short, into a mecha-
confronts the Western Hemi-
aphere and the inter-American
system with a grave and urgent
challenge.
'This challenge does not ? re- nism for the destruction of free
shit from the fact the Castro institutions in Cuba, for the
government in Cuba was estab- seizure by international corn-
Belied by revolution.. The hemi-,munism of a base and bridge-
sphere rejoiced at the over- lhead in the Americas, and for
throw of the Batista tyranny,1 the disruption of the inter-
looked with sympathy on the ;American system.
new regime, and welcomed its It is the considered judg-
promises of political freedom inent of the Government of the
and social justice for the Cuban 'United States of America that
people. '?the Castro regime in Cuba of-1
The challenge results from fers a clear and present danger:
the fact that the leaders of to the authentic and autono-
the revolutionary regime be-mous revolution of the Amer-
trayed their own revolution,licas--to the whole hope of
delivered that revolution into spreading political liberty, coo-
the hands of powers alien to nornie development, and
the hemisphere, and trans-Sprogress through all the repu
formed it into an ..instrument 'ilea of the hemisphere.
I. The 13etrayal. of the Cuban Revolution
, .The character of the Batista
regime in Cuba made a violent . Promises Are Recalled -
popular reaction 'almost in: Dr. Castro, in short, pronliSed
evitable. The rapacity of thea free and democratic Cuba
leadership, the corruption'of the dedicated to social and econom-
Government, the brutality of ic justice. It was to assure
the police, the regime's indiffer- these goals that the rebel army
once to the needs of the people maintained itself in the hills,
for education, medical care, that the Cuban people turned
housing, for social justice and against Batista, and that all
economic opportunity?all these, elements of the revolution in
in Cuba as elsewhere, consti_ the end supported the 26th of
-
tuted an open invitation to revo- July Movement.
lutmn. It was because of the 'belief
s? When word arrived from the in the honesty of Dr: Castro's
Sierra Maestra of the revolu_ purposes that the accession of
tionary movement headed by his regime to power on Jan. 1,
Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz, the people 1959' was followed within al
single week by its acceptance
of the hemisphere watched its
the hemisphere --a recog,ni-
progress with feeling and with in
hope. tion freely accorded by nearly
The Cuban revolution could all the American republics, in-
not, however, have succeeded on eluding the United States.
For a moment the Castro
the basis of guerrilla action
regime seemed determined to
alone. It succeeded because of
the rejection of the regime by make good on at least its social
thousands of civilians behind promises. The positive programs
the lines?a rejection which un- initiated in the first months of
dermined the moraleof the su- the Castro regime- -the schools
built, the medical clinics estab-
perior military forces of Batista
and caused them to collapse lished, the new housing, the
from within. early projects of . land reform,
This response of the Cuban the opening up of beaches and.
resorts to the people! the e
people was not just to the linal:????
cruelty and oppression of the nation of graft in government-?,-
were impressive in their concep-
Batista Government but to the tion; no future Cuban Govern,
clear and moving declaratiens
ment can expect to turn its back
repeatedly made by Dr. Castro
on such objectives.
concerning his plana? and pun..
post-revolutionary tso far as the expressed
poses for postsrevolutfo
:.s. , political aims of the revolution
Cuba.
A were concerned, the record of
As early as 1958, Dr. Castro
promised that the first revolu- the Castro regime has been a
tionary law would proclaim the record of the steady and con-
Constitution of 1940 as , the sistent betrayal of Dr. Castro's
"supreme law of the land" In Pre-revolutionary promises; and
this and subsequent statements, the
result has been to corrupt
Dr. Castro promised" "absoltztethe social achievements and;
make them the means, notsse
guarantee of freedom Of in-I
? liberation, but of bonclaget.'s.:':''',?.4
formation, both of newspapers
The history of thescaStr00....41
and radio, and of all the indi-
vidual and political rights guar, olution has been ;theshiatOy: Of'
? anteed by the Constitution," and the calculated de:Art.1'60bn of the
a provisional Government that free-spirited rebel army and its
"will hold general elections *** supersession as the main mili-
at the end of one yegr under taly instrurfientality of the re-'
the norms of the Co stitution
ci).
gime by the new state militia.
'History of Des ruction'
It has been the history Ofithe
calculated destruction Of thel
26th of July Movement and its'
supersession as the main politi-
cal instrumentality of the regime
by the Communist party (Par-
tido Socialista Popular) ?
It has been the history of the I
disillusion, persecution, impris-
onment, exile, and. eXecution of
men and women who sitriported
Dr. Castro ? in many . cases]
fought by his side--and there-
after doomed themselves by try-
ing to make his regime live up
to his own promises.
Thus, Dr. Jose Miro Cardona,
a distinguished lawyer of Ha-
vana, was in 1958 coordinator of
Frente Civico Revolucionario, a
coalition of groups opposed to
the Batista regime. Dr. Castro
made him the Price Minister of
the revolutionary Government.
As the regime embarked on
its Communist course, Dr. Miro
Cardona went into exile. Today
he is chairman of the Revolu-
tienary Council,. representing,
artti-Batista Cubans determined
te rescue the revolution.
Dr. Manuel Urrutia; Y. Lleo,
an eminent Cuban judge, had
asSeds.c1 in clef ia P.V.g -AL B.O.tista
and in defense of Castro the
right of Cubans to resort to
arms to overthroan
governmsnt. H9 beearne
a :hero of the revolutign ?and
served as Provisional President
of the revolutionary Govern-
ment. When he protested the
:spread of Communist influence,
iho was compelled to resign. To-
'day Dr. T_Jrrutia is under house
?
'arrest in Havana.
Not only the first Prime Min-
ister and the first President of
the revolutionary Government,
but a large proportion of the
revolution's original political
and military leaders now reject
Dr. Castro and his course of
betrayal. Of the nineteen mem-
bers of the first Cabinet of the
revolutionary Government, near-
ly two-thirds are today in
prison, in exile, or in opposition.
Manuel Ray Rivero, who or-
ganized the anti-Batista under-
ground in Havana and served as
Castro's Minister of Public
Work, is now a member of the
Revolutionary Council. Hum-
berto Son i Marin, who as
Castro's First Minister of Agri-
culture called for agrarian re-
form in the spirit of 1940 Con-
stitution, returned to Ctiba early
this year to resume his fight for
the ?freedom 9,f people;
. ac-
eor4i to recent reports, he has
'heed. 'arid caPture'd y the
forcPs-q t. .
Former Rebels Mated
r Men who fought with Dr.
Castro in the hills are tOtay the
'hunted victims of his revb/U-
,tionary regime. Maj. H}iber
,Matos Benitez, revolutionAry'
Icomandante of Camague,,y
'ince, was a hero of t S rra.
Maestra. When Major' ivrtos
challenged the spread .
munist influence and i?Pque te
permission to resign from the:
army, he was put on trial for
conspiracy, sedition, and Areas.
son and sentenced to twenty
years' imprisonment. Major.
Matos is only one of the many
foes of I3atista who now protest
Dr. Castro's perversion Of the
revolution.
\Ntvt,'So f 0C tAaigli4-ettimma'vE3Cao s:
.Sterra Maestra; "JUSto
a' leader of the IVIOrqg
position in Havana' art
first choice for'Prestcle
National DeveIeipmen ank;
Raul Chibas, who raisemuch
of the funds far the rution
and fought with CastiO p.h9,
hills; Felipe Pazos; i?q,7
sented' the 26th of, ju
Ment- on the junta of ration
and was subsequently a maw
by Castro as Preside eir the
National Bank of Cutiai' Maj.
Pedro Diaz Lanz, chid of the
Cuban Air Force and .Castro's
persona i pilot; Ricardo Lone
Vats. chief of arms supply for
the rebel army: Dr. Manuel An-
tonio de Varona, leader of the
Organizacion Autentica, which
was fol'ined to oppose' Ratista
and which supported it.s. own
revolutionary group in the Es7
cambray Mountains; Evelio
Duque and Osvaldo Ramirez,
fighters in the Sierra Escarri-
.bray first against Batista andl
today against Castro.
i David Salvador, the labor
leader, went to jail under
Batista because of his work for
Castro. After the revolution, he
became the miitantlx pr.o-
Castro and "anti-Ja,nclf4r. rotary general of the,:'
Trade Union Pedera4t. '-
November, 1959, the
July Movement Swepts
tonal Congress ,of t e
Unions, defeated the bmmu-1
nist slate, and confirmed Davidi
.Salvador as secretary, eneral.!
But Dr_ Castro, `,,app in I
person at the cong
mandeci acceptance of
munist program of
SkIVacior continued his,
a Ittif Tabor movement, ye
liagiir he was arrested as he tripd
0?6 escape from Cuba. 'Teida'S7
David Salvador is back in a
Cuban jail ? this time not
.Batista's but Castro's.
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of 1943 and will -
power immediately to the-
didate elected."
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Editors Restricted ! !
Editors, and commentatorsi ,
who had fought all thei.r.liVeSi '
for freedom of expression found '
,
less of it under Castro evert
than under Batista. ' MIgnel
Angel Quevedo, as editor of
Bohemia, had freely attacked
Bastista and backed Castro; the
January, 1959, issue of Bohemia
hailing the new regime sold
nearly a million copies.
But a year and half later,
Quevedo concluded that it was
impossible to put out an honest
magaine in the new Cuba,. When
he fled the country in July '1960,
Castro described it as "one of
the hard blows which the revolU-
tion has received." Today" Bo-
hemia Libre's dateline is Cara-
cas.
Luis Conte Aguero, the radio
and television commentator,
wrote the preface to Dr. Castro's
revolutionary exhortation his-
tory. When Conte dared criticize
Communist infiltration into the
regime, Castro turned on him,
angry crowds mobbed him, and
he was forced to seek refuge in
Today he is in exile.
Even Jose Pardo Llada, no-
tohous for his vitriolic daily
attacks on the United State
over the Havana radio, recently
fled to Mexico City; he de-
clared, "I am breaking with
Fidel Castro upon reaching the
conviction that in Cuba it is
. I
i tie thiger possible to maintain
1 a poSition that is not in accord,
With the line of the Popular:
';80cialist [Communist] party,
1 and that any expression of
lindependence, even in defense
of the social program of the
revolution, is considered? as de-
viationist, divisive, or counter-
:revolutionary,'
Never in history has any
revolution So rapidly devoured;
h.
' its ' children. The roster ofl
I Castro's 'victims is the litany'
; of the Cuban revolution. Thel
1
rebel army and the 26th of
July Movement expressed the
profound and passionate desire
of the Cuban people for de-
mocracy and freedom, a desire
sanctified in the comradeship
and sacrifice of the revolu-
tionary struggle, When Dr.
Castro decided to betray the
promises of the revolution, he
had to, liquidate the instrumen-
talities which embodied those
Promises arid to destroy the
men who took the promises
gferiously.
II.. Establishment of tho'Communist Bridgehead
In place of the democrape ,Cerrimunist Expansion
spontaneity of the Cuban rtvo-
1 d h' The period since has been a
jH 15' Castro confidence in the, ruth19eSedis.' steady expansion of Communist
eipline of the Ctin ?Cb min u- Power within the regime. Dr.
Osvaldo. D,erticos Torrado, the
nist party. ' Today that party is I;
t only political party Per- present' President of Cuba, was
regional organization secretary
,ete operate in Cuba. To-
iar and those re-
SperiStV6' to its influence domi-
nate 'the government of Cuba,
the commissions of economic
planning, the labor front, the
press, the educational system,
and all the agencies of national
power.
The Cuban Communist party
has had a long and intricate
history. For years it had a
working arrangement with the
Batista Government; indeed,
Batista in, 1943 appointed to his
Cabinet the first avowed Com-
munist ever to serve in any
cabinet of any American repub-
lic. Later Batista and the Com-
of ,,4?he Communist party in
'Cierifuegos as 'a law student and
has never publicly explained or
repudiated his past membership.
Anibal Escalante, secretary
general of the Cuban Coriarnu-
nist party, is a member of the
informal group which, under the
chairmanship of Raul Castro.
Makes policy for the Cuban
Government.
Raul Castro himself runs the
Ministry, for the revolutionaryTi
' ed Forces: and his friend,
Major Ramiro Valdes Menen-
dez, who accompanied him on
a tour of the Soviet bloc in
1960 is chief of military in-
telligenee. Major Guevara is
munists fell out. But the Com-
Minister of Industry and chief
munists were at first slow to
economic planner. The Nation-
grasp the potentialities of thel.al Agrarian Reform Institute,
Castro movement. When Cas-'
tro first went to the hills, the with its vast power over the
Rural life of Cuba, is headed
Cuban Communist party dis-
by Major Antonio Nunez Jime-
missed him as "bourgeois" and
nez, a long-time coworker in
"putschist." Only when they hindthe Iron Curtain.
saw that he had a chance of
The Bank for Foreign Com-1
winning did they try to take merce, which until recently
over his movement. controlled all exports and im-!
Their initial opposition was
, s
ports, had as its director Ja- '
quickly forgiven. Dr. Castro
brother, Major Raul Castro, had
himself been active in the inter-
national Communist student
!movement and had made his
pilgrimage to the Communist
world. Moreover, Maj. Ernesto
(Che) Guevara, a dominating
influence on Dr. Castro, was a
prefessional revolutionary from
Argentina who had worked with
Communists in Guatemala and
Mexico. Through Raul Castro
and Guevara, the Communists.
though unable to gain control
either of the 26th of July Move-
inent or of the rebel army, won
ready access to Dr. Castro him-
self, What, was perhaps even
more important, the Communist
party,cocif4dromise Castro not
only-rrar-ctd, pTegram but it
tough-dr fkilagiedi id' put' that
program into ekeetition, "
Professional groups and civic]
institutions have lost their!
autonomy and are systematical-
ly integrated into the "revolu-
tionary" discipline of the regime.
The remaining vestiges Of op-
position in the trade unions,
represented by union leaders
from the 26th of July Move-
ment, have been destroyed.
Recently the hand of the
tatorship has been reaching out
beyond the middle class to
strike down elements in or-
ganized labor.
When the electrical workers
of Havana marched last Deceim.
ber from union headmia,rters
the Presidential Palac? pre-
, test against reduction antheir
standard of living,' tree
himself took an earl ion'
to denounce them. , power'. failure in Havana, the
kerfas
.arrest of three wor
,pected saboteurs; on."4aii: is,
1961. these men were cured
by the regime as "#1.itors.''
Protest demonstrat by
workers' wives ag t: the
executions were .brOlt
civilian strong-arm sq
police and militiamen.
Seizures.. ef'..V.dile ko
In eharatteriStic Cnfun
manner, the':regiroe. seizect
control of the natiOn* Odhea-
tional system, introdue _COM-
manist propaganda to the
schools, destroyed aCadernie
freedom, and ended the tradi-
tional autonomy of the univer-
sities. The director of iprl?rnary
education in the Ministry of
1,1chication is Dulce Maria, Esca-
lona Almeida, a Communist.Secondary education is In The
hands of Pedro Can as Abril,
long associated with pril-dern-
munist groups. The director of
the Department of Culture in
the Ministry of Education is
veteran Communist, Vincentina
Antuna.
Well known Communists,nil
served on the committee nal
by the Ministry of Education to
rewrite the textbooks for the
public school systeni. Two-
thirds ,of the faculty of t heUni-
versity, of. Havana is ,today in
exile: Fermin r einado, ajotrner
professor at the UniverAity
the Oriente,' recently paiiShe
the text,
'
last Dec of ,astaterneriOs
Mber by facu emtl
bers andstudents ?Ih
neatd:1
university:" 1,=.1
realm of
tic T?es'v condemn Fidel
CasttO #3' 'a traitor to the
revolution That tb.1% -university
' helped to -odanize and to win
,ointo, Torras, an old-time corn-,
munist, Who served, for many.
years as economic editor of the.
cotnak3011 Daily_ newspaper
ce,, 'Hoy. genfers
of economic power have been
takel,i?over by the state and
to a considerable degree deliv-
ered to the Cuban Communist
party.
This process of consolidation
has been extended inexorably to
every phase of Cuban National
life. Political opposition has been
extinguished, and all political
parties, save the Communist,
are effectively denied political
activity. In recent months the
regime, by completing its purge
of the judiciary, has perfected
its control over all organized
institutions of political power.
Justice is now the instrument
of tyranny. Laws have been'
redefined in such a way that
any' manifestation of disagree-
ment can he branded as "coun-
ter-revolutionary" and the ac-
cused haled before military
tribunals and sentenced to long
[prison terms or to the firing
squad.
up by
- while
on.
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* a the objectives of com-
plete. freedom, hunian Fights,
and censtitutional order,
crystallized in the 26th of
July ? Movement, have been
crushed by the Castro regime
in open treason to the memory
of our martyrs Frank Pais,
Pepito Toy, Eduardo Mesa,
and many others * in the
realm i of university life de-
clare 'Fidel Castro a traitor to
the autonomy of the univer-
sity, defended to the death by
a legion of student martyrs,
from Trejo to Ramirez and
Jose A. Echevarria * * * we
denounce the systematic sub-
ordination of the aims of sci-
entific investigation within
the universities to the aid of
consolidating and maintaining
in power the totalitarian
tyranny of Castro.
In similar fashion the Castro
regime has seized control Of the
lagencies of public communica-
tion?the newspapers, the pub-
lishing houses, the radio and
television networks, the film in-
dustry. No Cuban today, whether
in field or factory, in school or
cafe or home by the radio, can
hope to escape the monotonous
and implacable din of Commu-
nist propaganda.
The Cuba of Castro, in short,
offers the Western Hemisphere
a new experience?the experi-
ence of a modern totalitarian
state. Castro's power touches
the daily lives of the people of
Cuba' at every point; governs
their access to: jobs, houses,
farms, schools, all the necessi-
ties of life; and subjects oppo-
sition to quick and harsh re-
prisal. The Castro regime is far
more drastic and comprehensive
in its control than even the most
ruthless of the old-time military
dictatorships which have too
tong disfigured the hemisphere.
On January 27 last, Maj.
Nunez Jimenez, the head of
I. N. R. A, summed, up the
inner logic of the Castro course.;
The Cuban Government, Major'
Nueez threatened, might have to
replace its intended slogan for
1961, "Year of Education," with
a new slogan, "Ano Del Pare-
don"?eYar of the Execution
Wall" or, in effect, Year of the
Firing Squad."
By every criterion; it is evi-
dent that the permeation and
penetration of political and in-
tellectual life by Communi?t.in-
.
flences and personalities have
-reached the point of virtual
domination. The North Ameri-
can journalist I. F. Stond,
initially sympathetic with the
Castro regime, reported after a
'recent trip to Cuba:
For the first time, in talking
with the Fidelista intellectuals,
I felt that Cuba was on its way
to becoming a Soviet-style pop-
ular democracy."
Fighters in Exile
It is for this reason that some
of the most devoted and au-
thentic fighters for social and
economic democracy in Latin
America?men who themselves
spent years in prison or in exile
and who had hailed the Castro
uprising for its promises of de-
liverence for the Cuban people?
have united in rejecting the
Communist conquest of Cuba.
Victor Haul Haya de la Torre of
Peru may stand as a symbol of
this whole tradition of the Dem-
ocratic left.
''In the history of Latin
America," Haya de la Torre re-
cently said, "there has been a
series of sell-outs. Sell-outs are
not new to our America. What
is new are the sell-outs towards
the left. Up until now they were
only to the political Right. We
cannot confuse that which was
idealistic, authentic and just in
the beginning of the Cuban
Revolution with the surrender,
submission, and homage to
something which is anti-Ameri-
can and totalitarian and which
is opposed to the traditional
sense of our ideal of bread with
freedom."
Meeting in Lima at the end of
February, 1961, representatives
of A. P. R. A. of Peru, Accion
Democratica of Venezuela, and
similar political groups in.
other Latin American republics1
summed up the situation when
they said of Cuba that its "rev-
olutionary process, justified in
the beginning, has been de-
flected by its present agents,
converting a brother country
into an instrument of the cold
war, separating it, with suicidal
premeditation, froth the com-
munity of interests of the patig
III. The Delivery of the Revolution to the
Sino-Soviet Bloc
The official declarations of i Onissue :kter anot
tdhoec u iCnuebn at n t hGe o vt.e irmman e in. et s oal umtpi ol i..1, i 'theits ICIliaco er aot. iro, _,,e-ng;,iniMg e; a:" ' heac es
of the Castro regime to the aefff adiirnslo.
I the Soviet lwv On.int
mAafiteerretlha;lotnes
and make clear the subservience
world Communist bloc. The ; U nited States, the C
joint communique issued in ernment turned' Oyer
Moscow on Dee.. 19, 1960, by matic and consular re
Anastas Mikoyan, Deputy ton to the Embassy e.._
Chairman of the Council of Min- slovakia in Washingto , 111 the
isters of the U. 8: S. It,, and ,,United NationsCubaleiewith
Major Guevara, as chief of the Ithe Communist bloc oriltirtually
economic mission of the revo- all major issues. ,' A
lutionary government of Cuba, Though in 1956 Raul 'Rea; the'
outline the terms of surrender.! 'Cuban Foreign Miniater, at-
tacked "the crimes, disasters
and outrages perpe,trated" ' by
'the Soviet "invaders" In Hun-
gary, the Hungarian revolution,
, as well as the rebellion in 'Met,
are now "reactionar/ FaSeist
,movements." In Octoher, 1960,
.Manuel Yepe, chief cif protocol
for the Foreign Miniiltry, gave
an orientation lecture on: the
'subject "Imperialist .AggretSfon
l and the Case of -litingarY.'
The last few months have
seen the rapid consolidation of
this relationship in all its as-
pects?not only ideological, but
military, political, ecOnornic,
and cultural, Sino-Soviet arms,
equipment, technicians, and
money have moved into Cuba.
Diplomatic relationslwe been
established with eve4t'y'V,omrnu-
nist country except 'Oat Ger-
many ; and ecortonItc:' 'agree-
ments have been conattded With
many Communistci "rf is t.In-
eluding East Germ ,'' Cuban
leaders haVe visited 0 '8iwiet
Union And COmMuniit China as
,heinora. gOegt5,111"itt ii6E1 list
Un-
ion,
o? lee'
. farnad the
ni4heCBoonviiileiitliTt-
satellite states have ViSited
Cuba.
After announcing a series of
trade, technical assistance, and'
cultural agreements, the com-
munique noted, "During the.
talks, the two parties discussed
oblerns relating to the present
international situation,, and they
reaffirmed their agreement of
mankind today."
The Cubans agreed that the
Soviet Union is "the most pow-
erful nation on earth" and that
every Soviet proposal and policy
represented a magnificent con-
tribution to world peace. In re-
turn for a total acceptance of
Soviet leadership, Cuba received
,pledges of Soviet economic as-
sistance and of "the Soviet
iUnion's willingness to lend Cuba
full assistance in maintaining
its independence against unpro-
voked aggression." The joint
communique amounts in effect
to an alliance between Cuba and
the Soviet Union.
Officials of the Castro Gov-
ernment have repeatedly made
clear their fidelity to this al-
liance. Major Guevara, endors-
ing the conclusions of the Mos-
cow Congress of World Com-
munist parties, said, "Cuba
wants to read the way of the
Soviet Union" and praised the
"militant solidarity of the Cu-
ban and Soviet people."
In the presence of Dr. Cas-
tro, Faure Chomon, the Cuban
Ambassador to Moscow, told
an audience on March 13, 1960,
"We Communists together will
continue.forward With our
truth an the.; Students of to-
day and the student:a of tomor-
row will be greatlY interested
in seeing. how. a, Whole ,People
even the children.,::*ceived by
religioug. School, have become
Communists, 'and how this is
to follow, that ?truth ,-which
unites the Cuban,, people Very
soon we Shall see all the peO,
ipies of Latin .AinetiCa becorne
I Communis`ts."'
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Rising 'Flood' of Arms
It is. important to understand
the detail and the magnitude of
this process of takeover. Since
i the middle of 1960, more than
30,000 tons of arms with an
!estimated value of $50,000,000
have. poured from beyond the
Iron .Curtain into Cuba in an
ever-rising flood. The eight-
hour military parade through
Havana and the military ma-
neuvers in January, 1961, dis-
played Soviet JS-2 fifty-one-ton
tanks, Soviet SU-100 assault "
guns, Soviet T-34 thirty-five-
ton tanks, Soviet 76-mm. field
guns, Soviet 85-mm. field guns, I
Soviet 122-mm. field guns.-
Except for motorized equip-
ment, the Cuban armed forces
have .been reequipped by the
Soviet bloc and are now de- P
pendent on the bloc for the
maintenance of their armed P
power. Soviet and Czech mili-
tary advisers and technicians r
hnve accompanied the flow of c
arms. And the Castro regime
has sent Cubans to Czechoslo-
vakia and the Soviet Union for
training as jet pilots, ground 1h
naintenance crews and astir- h
!f
erymen.
? Xhe artgiciality of this (levels_
diSment is suggested by their
thatt.
at the beginning of,* . qp.
onIY 2 Per cent of Cuba's.tOta4
foreign. trade .was
Communist 'bro`c:- The
Union, East Germany, Czecho-
slovakia, and Poland have per-
nanent technical assistance
nissions in Cuba; and a Com-
munist Chinese delegation will
sbon arrive in pursuance of the
Cuban-Chinese agreement of
December, 1960. According to
Major Guevara, 2,700 Cubans
vill be receiving technical train-
ing in bloc countries in 1961.
The same process is visible
n the filed of cultural relations.
What is involved is not just the
Isit of concert artists, dance
roups, or athletic teams but
he Communist conquest of all
hases of cultural activity.
This is to be seen in the corn-
rehensive cultural agreements
with bloc countries in the
econstruction of the Cuban edu-
atonal system to serve Com-
munist purposes, in the impedi-
ents placed on students wish-
ng to study anywhere except
eyond the Iron Curtain, in the
an on books and magazines
rem the free states, in the af-
iliation of Prensa Latina, the
fficial Cuban press agency,
ith Tass and other Communist-
lee news agencies.
It has meant a deliberate
evering of traditional cultural
USeszU.11 untries_okaies41164 i-
phere and- Ortttregern Europe.
t has meant a maksive attempt
-
Asa consequence of Sovietlf
military aid, Cuba has today40
xcept for the United States, 'W
he largest ground forces in b
he hemisphere--at least ten
imes as larshe as the military s
orces maintained by previous
C _k
uban Governments, including a
hat of Batista. Estimates of I
he size of the Cuban military
m r
stablishent range from 250,- e
oo to 40d,000, On the basis of
he lower figure, one out oqh
very thirty Shirty Cubans is,,
oday in the armed forces as
gainst one out of fifty in the
evict Union and one out of fo
iXty in .the' United States. a
,
o _ eil ten._cultural pat-
_gliban people.
_Area, the action. of
e CaStrO inic ly
-
Sd
Purpo'selully directed to-
ard a single goal?the trams-
NitlatiQn oft044 into a Soviet
tellite sta
-& 'Economic Domination
-SS,oViet domination of economic
relations has proceeded with
siitilar speed and comprehen-
siyeness. A series of trade and
fihancial agreements has inte-
grated the Cuban economy with
?that of the Communist world.
The extent of Cuban economic
, dependence on the Communist
Isyorld is shown by the fact that
(approximately 7, per cent of
It trade is now tied in bar-
Iter arrangenients th Iron
attStain ceuntries.
IV. The Assault a
la the Hemisphere
The transformation of Cuba
into a Soviet satellite is, from
the VieSvPeint of the Cuban
leaders, not an end but a be-
ginning Dr. CaStro's fondest
dream is -a continent-wide up-
heaval whieh Would reconstruct
all Latin America on' the
model of Cuba.
"We premise," he said on July
26, 1960, "To continue making
the nation the example that can
convert the cordillera of the
Andes into the Sierra Maestra
of the hemisphere." "If they
want to accuse us of wanting a
revolution in all America," he
added later, "let them accuse
us."
Under Castro, Cuba has al-
ready become base of staging
area for revolutionary activity
throughout the continent. In
prosecuting the war against the
hemisphere, Cuban embassies in
Latin American countries work
lin close collaboration with Iron
Curtain diplomatic missions and
with the Soviet intelligence serv-
ices. In addition, Cuban expres-
sions of fealty to the Communist
world have provided the Soviet
Government a long-sought pre-
text for threats of direct inter-
ventions of its own in the West-
ern Hemisphere.
"We shall- do everything to
support Cuba in her struggle,
Prime Minister Khrushchey said
?on July 9, 1960, * * * speaking
figuratively, in case of neces-
sity, Soviet artillerymen can
support with rocket fire the
Cuban people if aggressive
forces in the Pentagon dare
to start intervention against
Cuba."
? As Dr. Castro's alliance, with
international communism has
grown closer, his determination
to expert revdlution to other
American republics?a determi-
nation now 'affirmed, now de-
nied?has become more fervent.
The declaration of Havana of
Sept. 2, 1960, was an open at-
tack on the Organization of
American States.
Cuban ' intervention,' though
couched in terms designed to
appeal to Latin American aspi-
rations for freedom 'and justice,
has shown its readiness to do
anything necessary to extend
the power of Fidelismo. Indeed,
Dr. Castro has plainly reached
the conclusion that his main
enemy in Latin America is not
dictatorship but democracy--
that he must, above all, strive
to discredit and destroy Gov-
ernments seeking peaceful solu-
tions to social and economic
problems. Thus, in recent
months the Cuban Government
.has abandoned its aggressive
campaign against the Trujillo
dictatorship in the Dominican
Republic and has accelerated its
attacks on the progresive dem,
ocratic government of Rornulei
Betaneourt in Venezuela.
Forms otIntervention
s
1 Cuban interventionism has,
taken a variety of forms. Dursi
ill..? 1959. the Castro Governs!
snent aided or supported anted
,invasions of Panama, NicaragtU81
the Dominican Republic, .and;
Haiti. These projects all failedi
and all invited action by
the Organization of Amerien,
States. In consequence, after
1959 the Castro. regime Wan,
increasingly to resort to'.'
direct methods. is
The present strategy of Flidei
ismo is to provoke a revoluti
Situations in other rept lies
through the indoctrinatio Of]
selected individuals from ether
countries, through assistande 't(.4
revolutionary exiles, througS ins-
citement to mass agitation, anti'
through the political and prep-
aganda operations of Cuban.
' embassies. Cuban diplomat
'have encouraged local ooposi-
i tion groups. harangued poittleal
.rallies, distributed inflammatosy
propaganda, and indulged 'I
multitude of political ass
silents beyond the usual c
diplomatic duty. .
Papers seized in a ra ,
the Cuban Embassy in Lim&
November, 1960, display,
example, the extent and v
of clandestine Fidelista a
'ties within Peru. Do-cu
'made public by the Governfli-
of El Salvador on March 1
1961, appear to establish
large sums of money have
coming into El Sal
through the Cuban Embassy
for the purpose of financing
pro-Communist student 0%10
plotting the overthrow of 'tire
Government. The regime is.no
completing construction iat
100.000-watt radio transrOltrSt
to facilitate its propaganda Vs,
sault on the hemisphere.
Instances of Disturban
Most instances of s
civil disturbance in Lat
America in recent nsupths
exhibit Cuban influence, if' . not
disset intervention, At the '
Cfsthe November riots in
zuela, the Government an-
nounced the discovery of high-
powered transmitting and re-
ceiving sets in the possession of
Cubans in Caracas. In the fol-
lowing weeks, about fifty
Cubans were expelled from the
Country. Similar patterns ap-
pear to have existed in troubles
in El Salvador, Nicaragua,
Panawa; Colombia, Bolivia qA
Paraguay.
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To such covert activities have
been joined open attacks on the
dulY elected leaders of the
American states.. Thus the Cu-
ban. ?reign Minister has ap-
plied unprintable language to
President Frondizi of Argentina.
GoVernment broadcasts have
denounced President Lopez Ma-
teos as "the betrayer of the
Mexican revolution," President
Allexxandri as the corrupter
of the faith of the Chilean peo-
ple," President Lleras Camar-
go of Colomiba as "the intimate
friend of exploiting imperial-
ism," President Betancourt of
Venezuela as the "revolutionary
of mercurochrome banclaids,'?'
.President Eisenhower of the
.1.3iiited States as "decrepit" and
."bottle-fed," and so on.
In ' consequence of Dr. Cas-
tro'S campaign against the
heriaisphere, seven American
states no longer have diplomatic
Irelations with Cuba, Of the
te,s which retain formal re-
lations, several have found it
necessary 'to ask that Cuban
Ambassadors and other official
representatives be recalled be-
canse of their flagrant interven-
tion into domestic affairs. A
number of Governments have
.withdrawn their own Ambas-
sadors from Havana.
The nations of the hemi-
sphere, including the United
States, have made repeated at-
tempts to dissuade Cuba from
thus turning its back on its
brother republics. Though the
Cuban Government has tried to
portray the United States as
the Sworn and unrelenting en-
emy of the Cuban revolution,
Dr. Castro was in fact cordially
received when he visited the
United States in the spring of
1959. American officials made
clear to him the willingness of
the United States Government
to discuss his country's eco-
nomic needs. For many months
thereafter, the United States
sought direct consultations with
the Castro Government. The
United States took the initiative.
In suggesting negotiations as
early as the summer of 1959.
That offer and many others
made subsequently were not .ac-
cepted. For a long time the
United States Ambassador in
Havana was unable even to ob-
tain an audience with Er. Cas-
Dr. Castro has already made
clear his contempt for the or-
ganization of American states
and fel- the entire inter7Amer-
lean system. Early in his re-
gime he declared, "I have no
faith in the OAS * * * it de-
cides nothing, the whole thing is
, a lie," Though Cuba signed the
'Santiago, declaration of August,
1959, with, its enunciation of
RREE elections, human rights,
due process, freedom of infor-
mation and expression, and
hemisphere economic collabora-
tion, it has systematically dis-
regarded, and violated each item
in the declaration. In March
1960, Castro publicly stated that
the Cuban government' did not
regard itself as obligated by the
Rio treaty, the keystone of hem-
ispheric cooperation for defense,
because "the revolution" did not
sign the document.
In August, 1960, the foreign
ministers of the hemisphere,
meeting at San Jose, Costa
Rica, adopted a declaration con-
demning the threat of extracon-
tinental intervention in the af-
fairs of the hemisphere and
condemning also the acceptance
of any such threat by an Amer-
ican republic; rejecting the at-
tempt of the Sino-Soviet powers
to exploit, the political, eco-
nomic, or social situation, of any
American state; and declaring
that the .inter-American :system
Was incompatable? with any
form qf tet,a(litarianisim_e4id,t14
democracy Would achieve 'its
flat scope. only as all American
republics lived up to the- San-
tiago: declaration; _
After , the San Josd _declara-
tion the Cuban regime,identi
fying itself as the Object of
these pronouncements, latinehed
:an all-out attack on ,the inter-
[American system.. The declara-
tion of Havana condemned the
declaration of San Jos?The
United States twice proposed
that factfinding and good-of-
flees procedures created by the
OAS be used as an'approach
to resolving differences; these
proposals were ignored by. Cuba.
Cuba refused tp join with the
other Atherican republics in the
effort to bring about dcOnomic
and sodial advance through the
continent in the spirit of the
Bogota economic niecting in
1960. It refused to support the
recommendations made by the
November 1960 special meeting
of senior representatives to
strengthen the inter-American
economic and social council. It
has hurled insults on the whole
conception of Alianza Para el
Progresso. It stands today in
defiance not only of the dec-
larations of Santiago and San
Os' n tfy of Rio but
3.iii Q?,the
atiq 1
Statks.
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' No one contends the organi-
?zation of American .states is a
perfect institution.' **Lit it does
represent the Collective purpose
, of the ' Aineriean republics :to
'work together for democraty,
t
economic development, d
peace, The Q. A. S. has est b-
lished the Machinery to guar n-
tee .thesafety and integritylTof
every American republic, to e-
I serve .the princlple of nonin
tion by any Atnerican state in
the internal or external aff s
et: the other American st cs
and to assure each nation e
right' to. develOp its cult al
political and economic life f e-
ly and naturally, respecting ie
rights of the individual and he
principles of universal moral y.
The Organization of Am 'i-
can States is t he expression' of
the moral and political tit
of the western hemisphere. .' n
rejecting the OAS, the Castro
regime has rejected the he s-
phere and has established it If
as the outpost in the AmeriOas
.or forces determined to wreck
:the inter-arnericSri system. Un-
rdei?Ciatro, Cuba has become
iithe agency 'to destroy, the bell-
- - -
'yptan vision of the Americas;
of-f:t!le, greatest region in the
_ .,
N/ofid,` "greatest riot- so mush
by virtue of her ,,.ea adj
th, as by her, f--e-aciin anci!
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^1111111cr
V. Conclusion
It is not _clear, iether Dr.1
Castro intended from the stare
to betray his pledges of a free
and democratic Cuba, to deliver
his country to the Sino-Soviet
bloc, and to mount an attack
on the inter-American system;
or whether he made his origi-
nal pledges in all sincerity but,
on assuming his new responsi-
bilities, found himself increas-
ingly dependent on ruthless man
around him with clear ideas and
the disciplined organizatom to
.carry those ideas into action.
What is important is not the
motive but the result.
Dictatorship Denounced
The first result has been the
institution of a repressive dic-
tatorship in Cuba.
The existence of a regime
.dedicated to so calculated an
attack on human decencies
would by itself be a sufficient
occasion for intense concern.
within the hemisphere. In re-
cent years the American family
Of nations has moved steadily
toward the conclusion that the
safety . and welfare of all the
American republics will be best
protected by the establishment
and guarantee within each re-
'public of what the 0. A. S.
Charter calls "the essential
-rrights, of man."
But Dr. Castro has done more
than establish a dictatorship in
Cuba; he has committed that
dictatorship to a totalitarian
movement outside the pemi-
,sphere.
Just as the American re-
publics, over twenty years ago,
in conferences beginning at
Lima in 1938 and culminating
at Rio de Janeiro in 1942, pro-
claimed that they could not
tolerate the invasion of the
hemisphere and the seiZure of
the American states by Nazi
movements, serving ? the in-
terVcs of -the German Reich, -sol
today they reject such invasion;
and seizure by Comm= t
movements serving the
terests of the Sino-Soviet
The people of Cuba remein
our brothers. We acicnowleetge
past omissions and errors in *LP,
relationship to them. The United;
States, along with the other iih-
tions of the hemisphere,
presses a profound determina-
tion to assure future democra,c
Governments in Cuba full ad
positive support in their efforts
to help the Cuban people achleVe
freedom, democracy, add socInl
justice.
We call once again on the
Castro regime to sever its links
With the international Co -
munist movement, to return to
the original purposes whi0i
brought so many gallant fllfl
together in the Sierra Maest
and to restore the integrity bf
the Cuban revolution.
If this call is unheeded, We
are confident that the Cuban
people, with their passion r
liberty, will continue01
for a free Cuba; that they %V4ll
return to the splendid vision f
inter-American unity and pr
ress; and that in the spirit
Jos?arti, they will join ha
with the other republics in e
hemisphere in the struggle ,to
win freedom.
Because the, Castro regifte
has become the spearhead jot
attack on the inter-AmeriCan
system, that regime represents
a fateful challenge to the inter-
American system. For freed(01
is the common destiny of r
hemisphere?freedom from
mestic tyranny and foreign -
tervention, from hunger 8.10
poverty and illiteracy, freedom
for each person and nation in
the Americas to realize the high
potentialities of life in the
Twentieth Century.
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