RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIBERTY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP74B00415R000400040007-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 9, 2005
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: February 28, 1972
• Content Type: OPEN

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February 28, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1-11489
peoples. To this end, they discussed specific
area,. In such fields as science, technology,
culture, sports and journalism, in which
people-to-peoplo contacts and exchanges
would be mutually beneficial. Each side un-
dertakes to facilitate the further develop-
anent of such contacts and exchanges.
FACILITATE TRADE' '
Both sides view bilateral trade as another
area from which mutual benefits can be de-
rived, and agree that economic relations
based on equality and mutual benefit are in
the interest of the peoples of the two coun-
tries. They agree to facilitate the progressive
development of trade between their two
countries.
The two sides agree that they will stay in
contact through various channels, including
the sending of a senior U.S. representative
to Peking from time to time for concrete con-
sultations to further the normalization of re-
lations between the two countries and con-
tinue to exchange views on issues of common
interest.
The two sides expressed the hope that the
gains achieved during this visit would open
up new prospects for the relations between
the two countries. They believe that the nor-
mali;ation of relations between the two
countries is not only in the interest of the
Chinese and American peoples but also con-
tributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia
and the world.
President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the
American party express their appreciation for
the gracious hospitality shown them by the
government and people of the Peoples Re-
public of China.
PRESCRIPTION FOR POLITICAL
LEADERSHIP
(Mr. BRADEMAS asked and was given
permission to address the I-louse for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, this
morning's edition of the New York Times
contained a timely and perceptive essay
by William V. Shannon, a member of the
Times editorial board.
Mr. Shannon's topic was the role of
political rhetoric in striking a balance
between hope and fear in the public
mood. He points out that "words provide
the voters with their principal clues in
judging the strength and sincerity of
a candidates underlying convictions,"
and compares the climate of the present
presidential campaign with those of the
recent past.
Mr. Speaker, in this uncertain age of
"watch what we do, not what we say,"
Mr. Shannon's comments are most wel-
come, In order that other Members may
share his thoughts I include his essay
in the RECORD at this point:
Os HOPE AND FEAR
(By William V. Shannon)
MIAmi.-In a democratic society, the task
fora political leader is how to encourage and
sustain people's hopes while taking account
of their fears. The busing issue which now
dominates the Florida primary defines that
difficult task at the moment for the Demo-
cratic Presidential contenders. But busing
is not unique.
Candidates have to strike the right balance
between hope and fear in many different
fields. The people yearn for peace but they
understandably fear the intentions of the
Communist powers. They recognize that
military spending is an awful waste and yet
they realize their own Ignorance about the
military budget.
People want inflation stopped but would
like a raise for themselves, They want im-
proved public services but fear higher-taxes.
To win it Presidential election in this vast,
diverse country requires a man to have an
unusual sensitivity to public opinion, a good
sense of timing, and skill in phrasing his
own position on an issue. Once he is elected,
to govern a nation, requires In addition a
set of fundamental convictions which inform
and guide a leader's tactical skills. Words are
also critical. A slight change in wording can
make hope billow or fear quiver. Words pro-
vide the voters with their principal clues in
judging the strength and sincerity of a can-
didate's underlying convictions.
The last Democrat to strike the right bal-
build a country together. We cannot do it
If we erect walls between the young and the
old, the white and the black.... We have to
build on our hopes and not our fears."
"Sermonettes" the reporters call these ex-
temporaneous speeches. Recalling the op-
timism of the Kennedy years, Muskic said,
"We can rekindle that spirit in the 70's and
by the end of the decade reach not the moon
but one another :s hearts."
It will be much further along in the pri-
maries before we know whether Muskic or
any candidate can elicit a fresh response this
year In the 'unending dialogue between fear
and hope.
master politicians, there is ambiguity in his
record, He can be rememberd as the man who
raised the "missile gap" issue in 1960, de-
manded that we "stand up to Castro," made
a man on the moon a top national priority,
enlarged the armed forces and edged this
country into Vietnam,
Or he can be remembered as the man who
instituted the Peace Corps and the Food for
Peace program, proclaimed an. Alliance for
Progress with Latin America, signed the Nu-
clear Test Ban Treaty, agreed to the neutral-
ization of Laos and avoided irrevocable mili-
tary action.
Both sets of memories are valid. Kennedy
was a peacemaker abroad and a liberal at
home, But in dealing with his nation's adver-
saries and his own political antagonists, he
was always wary, searching for the defensible
posture, trying to find the right balance.
Two of President Kennedy's close col-
leagues are rivals this year-Senators Mc-
Govern and Jackson. In their different ways,
each is an excellent public servant. Their
campaigns are weak chiefly because each
stresses different factors which Kennedy in
his time kept In balance.
Senator McGovern Is pre-eminently the
candidate of hope. Whether it is Vietnam
or amnesty or legalizing marijuana or cut-
ting the military budget, he states the hope-
ful, humanitarian, Ideal course that could
be followed. There is really no mystery as to
why the McGovern campaign does not get
off the ground. Too many people who admire
his Ideas do not feel that his prescriptions
square with their own perceptions of the
orneriness and unpredictability of human
nature.
By contrast, Senator Jackson Is the Hob-
besian candidate. More missiles for the
United States, more Phantoms for Israel, a
constitutional amendment against busing,
a tough approach to street crime-none of
these is an unreasonable concern, but taken
together they add up to a grim picture of
human beings and their future.
Senator Muskie, the front runner, is re-
garded as a "centrist." The difference be-
tween him and his rivals cannot really be
found in their stated philosophy or voting
records. The difference is that he tries to keep
in touch with many currents of opinion, con-
servative and moderate as well as liberal. His
definition of his positions reflects his con-
tinuing effort to strike that elusive balance
between hope and fear, between the hunger
for change and the fear of change.
An observer who spent several days re-
cently traveling across Florida with Muskie
was unexpectedly reminded of Adlal Steven-
son in 1952. At that time, when the Korean
War was winding down and McCarthyism
was heating up, Stevenson tried to cut
through the fear and demagoguery. and ap-
peal to what is best in. men's natures. Muskie
has been making much the same kind of
appeal.
"The doubts, the divisions which this war
has caused stand between us and our fu-
ture . as Americans, we have to live
together and reach out to each other and
FREE EUROPE AND RADIO
LIBERTY
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Connecticut (Mr. STEELE) is
recognized for 10 minutes.
Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, the Senate
and House conferees on legislation to
continue Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty are hopelessly deadlocked be-
cause the Senate conferees insisted on
their version of S. 18, a version which
would be disastrous to the continuation
of the two radios and which would de-
stroy the position that the House con-
ferees were instructed to uphold. The in-
transigence of the Senate conferees, led
by Senator FULSRIGIIT, is clearly aimed
at killing these vitally needed radio sta-
tions. The House conferees reported that
the Senate's position and actions are per-
verting the legislative process.
One of the most disturbing sidelights
of this effort to kill Radio Free Europe
and Radio Liberty is the suppression of
evidence by the staff of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee. I refer to
the two voluminous reports on the op-
erations of the radios which were com-
piled at considerable expense to the tax-
payers by the Congressional Research
Service of the Library of Congress. Only
a few sentences of these reports have
leaked out to the public-just enough to
show that the expert findings of their
authors are highly favorable to the
radios.
I estimate the cost to the taxpayer of
the Congressional Research Service re-
ports as $20,000. They were compiled on a
crash basis by two senior analysts at the
Library of Congress who devoted months
to the task. In addition to the expense of
their salaries, the reports also represent
the cost of travel by both men to Munich,
Germany, to observe the work of Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty on the
spot. I understand that in order to meet
the rush deadline set by the Foreign Re-
lations Committee these gentlemen even
sacrificed their. annual leave last year.
These reports were originally commis-
sioned by the chairman of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee at a hear-
ing he conducted in that committee back
in May of last year. His remarks at the
time leave little doubt that he expected
them to put the "radios" in a bad light
The manuscripts of the reports were de-
livered to Mr. Robert Dockery of the corn-
mittee staff in mid-January, and as far
as I can find, out they have just been
sitting there ever since, seen only by a
handful of outsiders. However, a New
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOub.i: i ebruuvy 28, 1 Jir,
York Times reporter who got a look at
them printed the following:
The report, on Radio Liberty, written by Dr.
Joseph Cr. Whelan, a specialist in Soviet and
East Eupropean affairs, said that the sta-
tion's basic policy had shifted from its early
"liberation" of the Soviet Union to "liborli--
zation" as conditions eased within Soviet
society.
"The professionalism of the staff," the re-
port snid, "is apparent in the quality of their
research product, their multilingual facility,
the unique combination of American and
Western scholarship with the native talents
of former Soviet citizens, and finally the
existence of an organizational spirit that
seems to arise from a conviction of participat-
ing in creating positive change in the Soviet
Union."
"The reality of Radio Liberty," the report
continued, "conflicts with Its popular image.
It is neither a cold war operation nor is its
staff a group of cold warriors. On the con-
trary, Radio Liberty accepts all Soviet in-
stitutions, though not its ideology, and seeks
to bring about peaceful democratic change
from within."
Mr, Whalen said that if Radio Liberty was
disbanded, the Soviet people "will have lost
a free press for the inflow of information"
that could not be duplicated by officially
sponsored government radios. He said it
would also bring the loss of a means of
dissemination of "samizdat" or underground
writings, throughout the Soviet Union "with
the consequences that this liberalizing move-
ment will unquestionably receive a serious
setback."
Similar praise for Radio Fred Europe was
expressed by James R. Price in his Library of
Congress report.
The columnists Evans and Novak have
written :
Those voluminous reports explain pre-
cisely why Eastern Europe experts are con-
cerned by Senator Fulbright's notion, Radio
Free Europe, says one report, "contributes
substantially to preserve the reservoir of good
will toward the U.S." by the Eastern Euro-
peans. "in some cases, regimes have. grudg-
ingly adopted some features desired by their
publics and supported by Radio Free Europe."
The other Library of Congress report sug-
gests "Radio Liberty encourages detente,
amelioration of international differences
through negotiations, strengthening of the
United Nations as an instrument of peace
and creation of a world system based' on the
rule of law."
In the face of this evidence, the chair-
man of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee stated on national television
last Wednesday that-
Over my dead body am I going to take that
new provision:, that new bill-because they
are relics of the Cold War and ought to he
liquidated. They are $35 million. There is no
excuse for continuing to broadcast propa-
ganda in these areas as long as the President
is trying to, you know, make peace with
them.
In a speech in the Senate on Febru-
ary 17, the chairman denied he had
suppressed the reports. But the fact Is
that the reports had not been sent to the
printer. They have not been circulated to
members of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee on which I serve, and they
have not been made available to the
general public.
In his speech on February 17, the Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Committee chair-
man made much of the fact that staff
members of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee were given the favor of a
briefing on the reports. That is, they
were told about the reports but they
and we have not been allowed to have
copies of them, with the, explanation
that the reports were only in draft form.
Mx, Speaker, this highhlanded proce-
dure is an insult to the House of Repre-
sentatives and our Committee on For-
eign Affairs. There is no justifiable rea-
son why the House Committee cannot
have copies of the reports, even if they
are draft versions, especially when there
is every indication that their comple-
tion has been deliberately delayed. The
public and the Congress cannot operate
in an informational void.
Ironically, Mr. Dockery of the For-
eign Relations Committee staff gave an,
Interview to the Arkansas Democrat last
October in which he said:
These studies are important and their
conclusions will be acted on . The com-
mittee clearly looked on the $35 million
authorization as stop-gap legislation, and
the conclusions of these studies will help
determine how much, if any, is authorized
next year.
Instead of acting on this pious prom-
ise, Mr. Speaker, certain people on the
other side of the Hill have chosen to
suppress these costly and revealing
documents. These individuals evidently
hope that they can liquidate the na-
tional assets represented by these Ra-
dios before the Congress e nd the public
can learn the facts. I call on the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee to proceed
forthwith with publication of the re-
ports in full and untampered form. I
call on the Congress of the United States
to keep Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty alive until we and the public
can have ample time to study these
findings.
When President Nixon visited the
Great Wall of China last Thursday, he
spoke these good words:
What is most imoprtant is that we have
an open world. As we look at this Wail we
do not want walls at any time between peo-
ples, and I think one of the results of our
trip-we hope-may be that the walls that
are erected, whether they are physical walls
like this, or whether they are other walls,
or ideology or philosophy, will not divide
people in the world; that people, regardless
of their differences in background and their
philosophies, will have an opportunity to
communicate with each other, know each
other, and share with each other those par-
ticular endeavors that will mean peaceful
progress in the years ahead.
I call on President Nixon to confer im-
mediately on his return from China with
the leadership of both House of Con-
gress to take emergency action to save
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty
from a most untimely death.
The Senate version of S. 18, the radios'
authorization bill, on which the Senate
conferees have been insisting, will at this
late date in the fiscal year not help the
radios. Only the authorization through
fiscal 1973 which our House bill offers
will give people time to study the
evidence
Mr. Speaker, let voices be raised in the
Congress and throughout the land to
prevent this attempted frustration of the
will of Congress and the American peo-
ple by certain individuals bent on having
their own way.
,There has been much sincere concerxt
in both Houses of Congress, under this
and previous administrations, about get-
ting the executive branch to consult with
us more regularly on foreign policy m"t-
ters. I submit to you, Mr. Speaker, that
the kind of irresponsible shenanigans
with the public trust that I speak of here
are one of the greatest obstacles ip
widening Congress' role in foreign affairs.
GUIDELINES FOR LAW ENFORCE-
MENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRA-
TION
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of 'the House, the gentle-
man from Illinois (Mr. RosTENKowsnr)
is recognized for 10 minutes.
Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker,
today I am introducing, along with most
of mydisitinguished colleagues from Chi-
cago, a bill which will provide several
new guidelines for the Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration. This bill was
first introduced by my good friends from
Ohio, the Honorable JAMES V. STANTON,
and the Honorable JOHN SETIMULING, On
November 16, 1971, This bill is a well
researched, technically superior piece of
legislation, and I heartily congratulate
Mr. STANTON and Mr. SEInERLING and
their staffs on their initiative. It has
come to my attention that the distin-
guished chairman of the House Judici-
ary Committee, the Honorable EMANUEL
CELLER, intends to conduct hearings on
the bill in the near future. Basically, the
bill would instruct the State planning
agencies in the LEAA network to distrib-
ute its block-grants locally to high crime
urban areas, on a percentage computed
by weighing crime rates twice as heavily
as population proportions. It also would
provide a high impact, temporary grant
of $5 per capita to high .crime urban
areas, to fill In the wide gaps that now
exist in the fight against crime.
Mr. Speaker, the Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration has enjoyed
up to now only mediocre success in deal-
ing with the problems of crime control
in our largest cities. Since its inception
in 1968, this agency has often used its
funds . unproductively. it has become
bogged down in excessive bureaucratic
structures at the State level. These State
agencies have, at times, concentrated
their efforts in areas where success could
be statistically manipulated for glamor-
ous publicity. In short, LEAA's influence
in the area of crime control has fallen
short of our expectations.
We all realize that money injudiciously
spent is useless. Yet our remedy for this
problem of wasted money has been sim-
ply the approval of larger budget re-
quests. The real impasse to effective use
of Federal aid to crime control lies In the
widespread inefficiency of the State
planning agencies spawned by LEAA.
These State agencies have become a
superfluous layer between the Federal
and local governments. It is time for
Congress to intercede; to provide the
LEAA with viable legislation guidelines
to give our cities the attention and
money they deserve. As a spokesman for
the National League of Cities has stated,
"the States should be conduits, not an-
other layer of bureaucracy."
According to the stipulations of the
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it hasn't as -yet been resubmitted. If an ex- Richard E. Ayres, who has studied the state it is not simply a partisan, "rubber
tension petition is filed by a car company,
EPA has 60 days in which to make a de-
cision. Administrator Ruckelshaus has indi-
cated that any petition would be made
available to the public for open hearings. He
did indicate, however, that EPA was giving
some consideration to amending the peti-
tion's disclosure policy in order to provide
full public disclosure and yet guarantee the
protection of certain trade secrets.
On January 1, 1972, the National Academy
of Sciences filed its first semi-annual report
on which EPA will base its decision on the
technological feasibility of the car compan-
tes to meet the 1976 deadline. The report said
that while "there is no centainty today that
any 1975 model year vehicles will meet the
requirements of the Act", it may be possible
if t1 nee conditions are met: 1. provisions are
made for catalyst replacement, 2. averaging
of emissions throughout the day rather than
just for the first trip, and 3, general avail-
ability of non-leaded gasoline.
Besides Rep. Rogers' suggestion for the
catalyst problem, the other two National
Academy of Sciences' conditions may also see
early solutions. Changes in the EPA testing
procedure, beginning with 1976, will encom-
pass the average of the emissions from all
the trips taken in a day rather than just the
emissions from the first trip (The first four
to six running minutes emit the greatest
amount of pollutants.). EPA officials feel
that this change will "more accurately re-
flect the driving experience of the average
motor vehicle in major urban areas."
In addition, the oil industry will appar-
ently have little or no trouble making non-
leaded gasoline generally available for use
by 1974. Although presently available in lim-
ited quantities, there has been some ques-
tion whether it could be produced on a mass
basis. When questioned during the hearings
about whether the oil industry can get the
lead out within the deadline period (the
experimental converters work only on un-
leaded gas) an American Petroleum Insti-
tute spokesman said "No question about it."
"The bill means changes, and that's what
we're doing is changing," he added.
AIR CLEANUP
WASHINGTON, February 17 (UPI).-De-
spite Government promises to enforce a 1975
clean-air deadline, at least 18 states have
requested two-year postponements and ap-
pear likely to get them.
In applications made to the Environmental
Protection Agency, most of the states in-
volved, said that urban areas could not meet
the standards without limiting downtown
traffic. They indicated a reluctance to im-
pose such traffic controls.
When EPA Administrator William D.
Ruckelshaus announced the air quality
standards April 30, he emphasized that many
cities would have to curb traffic.
"I don't anticipate any delay in their im-
plementation," Ruckelshaus said of the
standards.
But in an interview yesterday, the EPA
official in charge of reviewing state applica-
tions said that the agency probably would
forgo the deadline rather than force traffic
restrictions that might be unpopular with
commuters.
"If you need traffic control you probably
can get a two-year extension,". said B. J.
Steigcrwald, director of the EPA's stationary
source pollution control program.
"Traffic control isn't easily imposed,"
Steigerwald said. He said that cities would
need mass transit to replace automobiles.
"You just don't install mass transit in three
years," he said.
Experts from the EPA and other agencies
have estimated that car exhaust causes at
least 60 per cent of air pollution, the most
harmful concentrations being in downtown
areas.
plans for the Natural Resources Defense
Council, a private environmental group, said
that any delay in curbing urban auto pollu-
tion would undermine the entire air clean-
up program.
"What they're saying is that they'll meet
the standards where there isn't any pollution
and delay them where the problem is most
severe," Ayres said.
Many states said that if given until mid-
1977, the car-pollution problem largely would
go away because of progressively stricter fed-
eral requirements for exhaust clean-up de-
vices on new cars. ,
The first such devices were installed on
1968 models. Under the same Clean Air Act,
which mandated the 1976 air clean-up stand-
ards, 1975 model cars must cut carbon mon-
oxide and hydrocarbon emission by 90 per
cent, compared with 1970 models, and 1976
cars must reduce nitrogen oxide emissions
90 per cent, too.
Although the law allows a one-year exten-
sion of these standards if car-makers can-
not meet them, and although all four U.S.
car .Companies have requested such a delay,
the EPA permitted states to presume in
drawing up their plans that the 1976 and
1976 auto deadlines would be met.
Steigerwald indicated that he was using
the same presumption in reviewing state ap-
plications.
"By 1977, car emission limits will allow
many cities to meet the air standards,"
Steigerwald said. "Does it make sense for us
to demand significant traffic controls by 1975
when two years later they could meet the
standards without traffic controls?"
However, Steigerwald said, "About 15 cities
won't meet the standards even in 1977 with-
out traffic controls." He did not name all the
cities but said that they included New York,
Chicago and Los Angeles.
The law required each state to give EPA
by Jan. 30 its plan for meeting limits on six
air pollutants-sulfur oxides, particulate
matter, carbon monoxide, photochemical
oxidants, nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons.
The EPA must approve or disapprove the
plans by May 30. The law says the limits
must be met by July 1, 1975, unless EPA
grants the state a two-year extension.
The plans are hundreds of pages long and
no one in Washington has read them all.
United Press International compiled the list
of 18 states seeking extensions from EPA
sources and from reporters in state capitols.
Most fo the 18 sought no over-all exten-
sions, but rather a two-year delay in meet-
ing standards for carbon monoxide and hy-
drocarbons-which come mostly from cars-
in urban areas,
Steigerwald said that about 15 states did
promise to work on some form of traffic con-
trols-reduced parking space, higher bridge
'tolls, inspections, mandatory installation of
antipollution devices on older cars--but few
included them as firm parts of an enforce-
ment program.
GOD BLESS THE PRESIDENT ON HIS
TRIP TO CHINA
HON. GILBERT GUDE
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 28, 1972
Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, as we prepare
to welcome the President back from his
history-making trip to China, I would
like to share with my colleagues the fol-
lowing letter from a constituent of Mary-
land's Eighth Congressional' District. I
feel it is particularly noteworthy in that
stamp" letter of support, but one which
expresses the views of a thinking, re-
sponsible American citizen. This kind of
thoughtful letter is further evidence that
there exists widespread support for Pres-
ident Nixon's meetings with China's
leaders, and that, truly, all the Nation's
prayers have been with him on this
journey:
GOD BLESS THE PRESIDENT ON His TRIP TO
CHINA
CHEVY CHASE, MD.,
February 17, 1972.
Hon. GXLDERT GUDE,
house of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN GUDE: I have written
many letters to you, over the years, that
could be considered critical in the sense that
they expressed my frustration about what
ofir government has done in Vietnam.
Because-the President's trip to China is
a day for hope, I wish to express words of
favor for the present Administration and
party in power which I do support from time
to time, as follows:
1. I believe the President is trying (at some
risk) by this China effort to find an end to
a war which in all fairness we should admit
he does not bear the major responsibility
for.
2. I believe he understands the domestic
needs of the American economy should now
have top priority over do gooding abroad, and
that he will act to help to restore the world
leadership we once enjoyed as the most capa-
ble country in the production of goods and
services, here at home.
There are, of course, a lot of things hap-
pening in the government which I do not
agree with, political and otherwise, and I am
sometimes concerned that our very form' of
government is under severe test.
I do want the President to succeed" and I
want you gentlemen to succeed in the sincere
efforts you are demonstrating. I choose this
day of hope to express confidence in you,
Yours sincerely,
CONTINUE RADIO FREE EUROPE
HON. ROBERT H. STEELE
- OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 28, 1972
Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
direct the attention of the Members to
the following editorial from the Hartford
Courant on the future of Radio Free Eu-
rope and Radio Liberty. The editorial
presents an incisive analysis of the cur-
rent congressional struggle to keep the
Radios alive and makes a telling argu-
ment for continuing their vital opera-
tions.
The editorial follows:
RADIO FREE EUROPE FACES CUTOFF
It seems more than a little ironic that in
this country where freedom of information
and the right to know are so fervently cher-
ished, the Congress is haggling over whether
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty should
be continued or not.
In some ways the hangs-up is a technical
one. The House and Senate are at-odds, the
former being willing to finance the two sta-
tione for two more years, the latter
wanting to out off funds after one year.
The real stumbling block is a matter of for-
eign policy, and not just whether the country
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 11 Gtzt:?' 'Ajproved"Wok*(ease`26t&"/0W/'IV -Rb'OM 6641~Rd&640'640007-3
should spend $36 million annually to run the
two operations. If Senator Fulbright has his
way, the funding will not be renewed. He says
"Those radios should be given an opportunity
to take their rightful place in the graveyard
cf cold war relics."
And of course, ever since it came out that
the Central Intelligence Agency had been fi-
nancing Radio Free Europe and Radio Lib-
erty, their names have been mud-not only
in Russia and Eastern European countries na-
turally, but here at home among those who
think there is something villainous about the
CIA.
Yet when Senator Fulbright asked for
studies by the Library of Congress on the ef-
fectiveness of the two stations, he was set
back on his heels. The reality of Radio Lib-
erty," the Library of Congress reported, "con-
flicts with its popular image, It is neither a
cold war operation, Igor is Its staff a group of
cold warriors. On the contrary, Radio Liberty
accepts all Soviet institutions, though not its
ideology, and seeks to bring about a peaceful
democratic change from within."
The report on Radio Free Europe was in
kind. And the truth, of the matter is that the
two stations for a generation now have been
broadcasting factual news. What has aroused
the ire of the Communist regimes is that
there are plenty of facts these governments
don't want their people to know. This is plain
enough from the rigid control exercised over
news media in Russia and its satellite coun-
tries.
If Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty are
disbanded, the peoples of these countries will
have lost a free press for the inflow of infor-
mation that certainly is not going to be du-
plicated by officially sponsored government
radios. Millions of persons have listened to
news over Radio Free Europe and Radio Lib-
erty, which would have been completely cen-
sored by Communist governments.
As has been remarked, before Congress de-
cides whether it believes these radio stations
are relics of the cold war, it might be well to
wait until after President Nixon returns from
Moscow. The cold war itself may not prove to
be the vanished spectre some persons would
have us believe. An American foreign policy
substituting negotiation for confrontation is
a very nice idea but it still takes two to tang
NATIONAL JUDICIAL CONFERENCE
ON STANDARDS FOR THE ADMIN-
ISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 28, 1972
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the 4-day
National Judicial Conference on Stand-
ards for the Administration of Criminal
Justice took place on the campus of
Louisiana State 'University in Baton
Rouge, February 1-4, 1972.
More than 300 appellate court judges
and justices attended the conference
which considered the improvement of the
criminal justice system through the im-
plementation of 17 sets of standards, 15
of which had been approved by the Amer-
ican Bar Association's House of Dele-
gates.
Included in the discussions were the
revamping of the Nation's bail system,
pretrial release, and electronic surveil-
lance; speedy trials, police function,.
prosecution function, defense function,
trial by jury, criminal appeals, probation,
and postconviction remedies.
So that our colleagues may have more
information about this important and
extraordinary conference, I insert in the
RECORD at this point news accounts as
appearing in the Baton Rouge daily
newspapers:
[From the Baton Rouge State Times, Feb. 11,
19721
BETTER JUSTICE SYSTEM SAID LEGAL
PROFESSION
(By Jack Lord)
The president of the American' Bar Asso-
ciation said today that the improvement of
the criminal justice system is "the greatest
challenge our profession has faced in this
country."
Keynoting the opening session of the four-
day National Judicial Conference on Stand-
ards for the Administration of Criminal Jue-
ties at LSU, Leon Jaworski of Houston, Tex.,
called for implementation of the new ABA
standards as one of the key means of bring-
ing about improvement of the criminal jus-
tice system.
About 300 appellate court judges and jus-
tices have registered for the conference which
is featuring an ABA push for an overhaul of
the criminal justice system.
Jaworski pointed out that the standards
are suggested guidelines to be applied in
the states and the federal jurisdiction.
"The ultimate objectives they seek to at-
tain are to promote fair, balanced justice,'ef-'
fective law enforcement and adequate pro-
tection of society-and at the same time to
delineate and safeguard the constitutional
rights of those suspected of crime," Jaworski
declared.
SEVENTEEN STANDARDS SET
Seventeen sets of standards have been
drafted. Fifteen have been formally approved
by the ABA's policy-making House of Dele-
gates, while the remaining pair is expected to
be approved at the ABA annual meeting in
August.
Jawoski said three pilot states were chosen
for implementation to provide planning and
feedback experience.
The states, he said, were Arizona, where im-
plementation is accomplished largely by
court rule; Texas, where criminal procedure
is dependent exclusively on statute, and
Florida, which implementation comes from
both the supreme court and the legislature.
"The valuable lessons learned were used to
develop guidelines to assist other states in
their planning, and to enable them to avoid
pitfalls and fruitless activity in their im-
plementation programs," Jaworski said. ,
The ABA overhaul, Jaworski said, "is the
first time any such endeavor had been at-
tempted for criminal justice."
He said, "From a procedural standpoint
especially, the system by and large had been
substantially untouched for almost two cen-
turies. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger diag-
nosed maintenance.'"
M'KEITHEN SPEAKS
Gov. McKeithen was one of several Loui-
siana dignitaries who welcomes the judges to'
the conference.
McKeithen, referring, to himself as "an at-
torney who will return to the practice of law
in May," congratulated those who are at-
tempting "to keep the judical system en-
tuned to the changing needs of our society."
Referring to his eight years as governor
and a total of 24 years in public office, Me"
Keithen said he could "appreciate fully the
promotion of reform or change."
Associate Justice William H. Erickson of
Colorado, chairman of the ABA Section of
Criminal Law, gave a basic rundown of the
17 ABA standards which will be explained in
depth in future sessions.
U,S, Dist. Judge William J. Jameson of
Montana, chairman of the ABA Special Com-.
mittee' &tandards, reviewed the background.
of the eight years of activity leading to the
proposals.
He said more than $1 million had been
spent on the project-$600,000 from two pri-
vate foundations and $527,000 from the
American Bar endowment fund.
Other speakers on the morning program
included Chief Justice Howard McCalcb of
the Louisiana Supreme Court who intro-
duced Jaworski; Associate Justice Joe W.
Sanders of Louisiana and Dean Paul Hebert
of the LSU La School who both made open-
ing remarks.
Sponsors of the conference are the ABA,
the LSU Law School, the Appellate Judges'
Conference of the ABA, and the Louisiana
Commission on Law Enforcement and Ad-
ministration of Criminal Justice. Sessions
are being held at the LSU Union.
In an interview on the eve of the confer-
ence, Colorado Supreme Court Justice Wil-
liam H. Erickson said the standards already
are being felt in the criminal courts in the
country.
"The situation is starting to improve,"
Erickson, who heads the ABA's criminal law
section, said, "and I think with the comple-
tion of the standards . . we will not see
utopia but a system of criminal justice we
can all be proud of."
SEVENTEEN STANDARDS
The ABA's 17 standards for criminal jus-
tice, which, Erickson said in an interview,
"go completely across the field of criminal
justice," were complied to cope with "prac-
tices that are different in nearly every state.
"We've had what's been described as a rev-
olution in criminal justice with decisions
such as the right to counsel in every case
and search and seizure protections which
came about because many states did not af-
ford to an accused the basic minimum rights
that our constitution dictates," Erickson
said.
"We have had during a period of some 25
years a 50 per cent increase in population
and during that same period we've had a
400 per cent increase in crime," he said. "If
the rights of society are to be protected,
we've got to see that there's a finality to the
criminal prosecution.
"That means the defendant who is a threat
to the public is confined," he added, "that
the defendant who can be rehabilitated is
and is placed back in a productive fashion
in the society from which he came, and that
the same time the person on the street can
feel some safety."
The standards, Erickson said, ranging from
right right to a speedy trial to the handling
of probation, were compiled by "the top
lawyers, judges and professors in. the coun-
try and they show a cross section of the
criminal justice process." They have been
universally accepted, he added.
There have, in recent years, been "grave
differences" in the way states administered
justice in. criminal cases, Erickson said.
"One of the reasons for this is .that some
police practices are antiquated. The stand-
ards of criminal justice suggest remedies that
see to it police practices are not only uniform
but are upgraded.
"And, for example, in Texas and Missouri
the jury Still. imposes the sentence of the
defendant. That's hardly consistent with our
modern practice of thinking that punish-
ment will be meted out to fit the crime,"
Erickson said.
"You see," he went on, "up until the 1930s
the states were largely free to handle their
criminal business any way they saw fit. After
that, the U.S. Supreme Court began to im-
pose constitutional limitations.
"The. standards we have now are trying to
bring up to date criminal justice machinery
so that the guilty can be convicted, the in-
nocent can go free and the public can take
pride in seeing that justice is administered
promptly and efficiently," he added.
The ABA's standards, Erickson said, begin
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