'WHY' WE'RE THERE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400020002-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 27, 2005
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: February 15, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

A790
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORI3 - APPENDIX February 16, 1966
The intricate maneuvering that brought
this result took place at the recent annual
Communist congress, where Luigi Longo, ex-
World Was resistance leader and now sec-
retary general of the party, asserted his domi-
nance. In the process, he crushed the hard-
liner, Pietro Ingrao, and got an apologetic
retreat from the soft-liner, Giorgio Amen-
dola, who wanted to see the Communists
make a deal with the left-center.
The twists and turns inside the PCI are
important only because the Italian Com-
munists are important. Although party
membership has shown a gradual drop in the
last decade, the Communists have steadily
gained popular votes and seats in Parliament.
In the 1963 general election the PCI won 25.3
percent of the votes and 166 out of 630 seats
in. the Chamber of Deputies. Only the
Christian Democrats-who lost votes and
seats in. the erection-have a larger repre-
sentation,
The paradox in Italy, as in France, is that
the nation can absorb such a large foreign
body in its political structure and remain a
democracy. There is no reason to expect the
Commun.sts to weaken in the next 2 years,
but neither is there any reason to expect
them to gain power. Italy has proved that
In a country which defends its free institu-
tions, keeps the extremists more or less iso-
lated while leaving them free, and adapts
relatively advanced social and economic pro-
grams, neither communism nor fascism can
win popular majorities.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, February 16, 1966
Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, typical
of many editorials praising the efforts
being made by my longtime friend, Vice
President HUMPHREY, on his swing to
several Par Eastern capitals was one of
February 10 in the Long Island Newsday,
which declared that Mr. HUMPHREY, "an
able assistant to his chief, is carrying on
for President Johnson in implementing
political, economic, and social progress
for South Vietnam."
His trip Is designed to inforni several
governments "of the magnitude of the
Johnson program for help to the South
Vietnamese as well as the corollary mili-
tary program for expediting progress in
the war."
The editorial sums tip very clearly the
importance of the Vice President's trip,
and. I, therefore, wish to include the
article in the RECORD:
From the Tong Island (N.Y.) Newsday,
Feb. 10, 1966!
T1t7MPHRFY'S VITAL. TRIP
Vice President HUMPIIREY, an. able assist--
alit to his chiel,is carrying on for President,
Johnson in implementing political, eco-
nomic, and social progress for South Viet-
nam. His trip will take him from that war-
torn country to India, Australia, Malaysia,
Thailand, and Japan, all of whose govern-
ments will he informed firsthand of the
magnitude of the Johnson program for help
W the South Vietnamese as well as the corol-
lary military program for expediting progress
in the war.
This Is a vital trip, and a prompt follow-
up to the Declaration of Honolulu, which
euccinotly, restated the American position,
reassured the Vietnamese that we seek only
their right to self-determination, and advised
those under the sway of Ho Chi Minh that
we intend to stick by our ally until a truce
or an American-South Vietnamese triumph
has occurred. The Vice President has a task
worthy of his mettle. We wish. him the very
best.
One Hundred Urban Affairs Experts Stress
Importance of Funding Rent Supple-
ment Program
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, February 16, 1966
Mr. REUSS, Mr. Speaker, I hope that
one of the first major actions of this ses-
sion of Congress will be to fulfill Presi-
dent Johnson's request for funds to put
the rent supplement program into effect.
Recently 100 experts in urban prob-
lems endorsed a letter to President John-
son emphasizing the great importance of
the rent supplement program. The let-
ter, from Leon Shull, national director of
the Americans for Democratic Action,
calls the rent supplement program "the
most important new initiative in housing
policy to aid low-income families since
194'9."
I believe this letter and the list of en-
dorsers will be of interest:
FEnesma' 11, 1966.
The PRESTENT,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We believe that the
rent supplement program adopted by the
Congress In the Housing and Urban Develop-
ment Act of 1965 is the most Important new
initiative in housing policy to aid low-in-
come families since 1949. If the rent sup-
plement program is adequately funded, and
is used in our metropolitan areas--cities and
suburbs-it will be a basic tool to eliminate
slum housing in which so many of our poor
now live.
Regrettably the House of Repri?sentatives
failed to appropriate funds for this program.
While the Senate appropriated lunds, the
program was not funded. Until the rent
subsidy program is funded it cannot aid low-
income families in their housing i:eeds.
The purpose of the rent subsidy program
is to aid low-income families who are either
physically handicapped, elderly, occupy sub-
standard housing, or have been displaced by
governmental action. The legislation assures
that only low-income families A.11 receive
the program's benefits.
Since eligibility for the rent supplement
program is limited to the maximum Income
permissible for public housing occupancy, to
suggest that rent supplement is not a pro-
gram to benefit low-income families, as the
bill's opponents have, grossly distorts the real
facts.
Low-income families invariably spend more
proportionately per unit for housing than
other families; a family earning a low in-
come is often forced to spend as much as
35 percent of their income on housing. We
believe that the rent supplement program
is a valuable tool precisely because it lowers
rent costs for low-income families while it
the same time provides such families with
decent, safe, and sanitary housing.
As Important as funding the rent subsidy
program is, It is necessary that the program
be allowed to function as Congress intended
it-without undue restrictions. In 1965,
however, the House Appropriations Commit-
tee limited the use of the funds of the rent
subsidy program by requiring that rent sub-
sidy program projects must be "either part
of a workable program or * * * have been
officially approved by the local community
concerned."
These restrictions are unwise public pol-
icy, and will severely cripple the rent sup-
plement program. Many communities do not
have workable programs. Also, since the
rent subsidy program does not involve a
matching grant, local officials should not be
in the position of having a veto power over
a program that neither involves local officials
administratively nor financially.
Mr. President, the legislative solution is
obvious. To end blight and increase decent,
safe, and sanitary housing requires funding
the rent supplement program, and without
restrictions. We respectfully request your
public support on this matter as a major
administration priority. Its success will be
a great victory in the war against poverty
and an end to slum housing,
Attached is a list of endorsers of this let-
ter. Their organizational and institutional
affiliations are listed for identification pur-
poses only..
Respectfully yours,
LEON SHULT.,
National Directo.
ENDORSERS OF RENT SUBSIDY LETTER '10
PRESIDENT JOHNSON
John Anderson, attorney, San Francisco,
Calif.
Ellis Ash, administrator, Boston Housing
Authority, Stoneham, Mass.
David Baum, assistant professor of law,
College of Law, University of Illinois. Urbana,
Ill.
Henry C. Beertiz, attorney, Philadelplii.i.
Pa.
James Besheres, associate professor of
sociology, MIT, Newton, Mass.
Richard F. Bolan, assistant to the director,
Harvard-MIT Joint Center for Urban
Studies, Cambridge, Mass.
Richard H. Buford, commissioner cf
licenses and. inspection, Philadelphia, Pa.
Terry Chisholm, executive director, Phila-
delphia Conunission on Human Itelati.oni.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Carla Cohen, city planner, Washington,
D.C.
Theodore Coggs, former president, Na-
tional Bar Association, Milwaukee, Wis.
M. Todd Cooke, Jr., banker, Philadelphia.
Pa.
Harvey Cox, associate professor, Harvard
Divinity School, Boston, Mass.
Robert Craft, inner city development proj-
ect, Milwaukee, Wis.
Louis Danzig, executive director, Newark
Housing Authority, Newark, N.J.
Paul Davidoff, chairman, department of
city planning, Hunter College, New York,
N.Y.
Terry Dellmuth, public welfare consultant.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. Cushing Dolbeare, managing director,
Philadelphia Housing Association, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
James R. Dumpson, chairman, Hunter
School of Social Work, Hunter College. New
York, N.Y.
Edward Eichler, California honlebuilder,
San Francisco, Calif.
Maurice Fagan, executive director. Fel-
lowship Commission, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bernard Farber, professor, department of
sociology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill
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February 15, 1966, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
OUR NEW WAR-ANTI-INFLATION
Only a few short weeks ago, spokesmen for
the Johnson administration were busily
denying that inflation constitutes a real dan-
ger to the booming U.S. economy.
The President sang a different and more
realistic tune in his annual economic report
to Congress Thursday. He warned that in-
flation could eat up the fruits of the Ameri-
can economic miracle and served notice that
he will seek higher taxes if necessary to keep
it under control.
Nobody likes to pay taxes. But, as Mr.
Johnson observed, inflation reduces the pur-
chasing power of our paychecks just as sure-
ly as a tax increase. And it bears more heav-
ily on those in lower income brackets, who
are least able to pay.
Any increase in individual and corporate
income taxes should be held off, however, un-
til other less drastic anti-inflationary weap-
ons have been tried.
Certainly the Federal Government should
exercise the same kind of economic restraint
which President Johnson is asking from busi-
ness and organized labor.
In preparing to fight inflation, it helps to
understand how our economy arrived at its
present healthy but overheating state.
Five years ago, unemployment was high
and the Nation's factories were operating
well under capacity. To promote prosperity
and put more people to work, Washington
cut taxes and spent freely.
Whether in response to this medicine or
from its own native vigor, the U.S. economy
has surged to unprecedented levels of pros-
perity.
Unemployment is approaching the lowest
level in 13 years. Profits and wages are up,
and our gross national product is growing
faster than that of any major industrial
country in the world.
Now the problem has become one of re-
straint rather than growth. Labor shortages
are cropping up in certain skills, and manu-
facturers are operating at or near capacity.
Under these pressures, prices are going
up-sharply so in the last few weeks.
As the President noted, these are prob-
lems of prosperity which other countries may
well envy. Nevertheless, if we are to keep
our society strong and growing, and avoid
a return to wartime controls on wages and
prices, the inflationary threat must be dealt
with.
Mr. Johnson has, already asked Congress
to pass legislation speeding collection of
present income taxes, and reimposing certain
excise taxes which expired only recently.
Beyond that, his spokesmen are telling
both business and labor that it is more im-
portant than ever for them to keep wages
and prices within the suggested Federal
guidelines.
That is, wage increases should be held to
3.2 percent per year, and employers should
absorb payroll increases of this size without
raising prices.
Both business and labor must strive to
stay within these guidelines, if stronger
medicine is to be avoided. However, the
country has a right to expect some restraint
and purposeful action on the Government's
part, too.
First, the President should employ his per-
suasive powers just as strongly against exces-
sive union demands as against unwarranted
price increases. He has not done so to date.
Demands for higher Federal spending must
be resisted, except for defense purposes.
A further tightening of credit and the
money supply should be considered by mone-
tary authorities. The average citizen should
spend less and save more.
If serious inflation nevertheless develops,
income tax increases may be necessary. But
they should be levied on a temporary basis,
with the understanding that the revenue will
not be used to generate more inflation
through more Government spending.
The money, instead, should be used to hold
down the deficit or perhaps even reduce the
national debt.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
OF WASHINGTON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, it was
gratifying to discover an editorial in
last Sunday's New York Times recogniz-
ing the unique and as yet unspoiled nat-
ural landscape values of the North Cas-
cades Mountains of Washington State.
In a timely editorial this great news-
paper pays just tribute to those who
have been crusading for years to preserve
this region from commercial exploitation
by establishment of a new national
park-a project which in principle I
have favored.
Right now conflicting pressures are
being exerted in connection with im-
plementation of the recent Agriculture
and Interior Departments' study of mass
recreation needs in this area. In this
regard, I must concur with the hope ex-
pressed by the Times that something
closer to perfection than the recom-
mendations of the new study will be
achieved.
One aspect of the current controversy
which must be resolved is overlooked by
the Times; namely, a related proposal to
adjust the boundaries of the Olympic
National Park. Special care, it seems
to me, should be exercised to assure that
in any compromise with commercial in-
terests, existing conservation achieve-
ments not be jeopardized.
Meanwhile, I am happy indeed that
progress toward new legislation is being
made. It is highly desirable that the
administration make its proposals known
and that Congress give them expeditious
consideration.
Following is the text of the New York
Times editorial referred to which de-
serves to be read by all Metribers of
Congress:
NATIONAL PARK IN THE CASCADES
After 21/2 years of careful inquiry and tense
bureaucratic negotiations, the Agriculture
and Interior Departments have joined in rec-
ommending the creation of a new national
park in the North Cascade Mountains in the
State of Washington. But the agreement is
fragile and Incomplete, and some of the com-
promises at the heart of the report are
damaging.
The area under consideration, more than a
million acres cast of Seattle and stretching
north to the Canadian border, is an incom-
parably beautiful part of the Nation's land-
scape. Sometimes called the American Alps,
this region has rugged, towering peaks, gla-
ciers, snow and ice fields, Alpine meadows,
brilliant lakes, and fast-running rivers. If
ever there was a region of the country de-
serving of full protection as a national park,
the North Cascades is that region.
Controversy arises because the area is rich
in timber, much of it in national forests
under the administration of the Agriculture
Department's Forest Service. Since the For-
A737
est Service's multiple-use policy permits
profitable logging operations, the private
lumber companies have long opposed a park.
And since a park would be under the control
of the Department of the Interior, the Agri-
culture Department is reluctant to yield
jurisdiction. These two interests have been
joined by a third-local business groups who
want the area more intensively developed for
mass recreation. The compromises in the
report reflect these conflicting pressures.
The report recommends a national park of
698,000 acres, only half the size originally
envisaged by the National Park Service, and
leaving the other half-the spectacular Gla-
cier Peak Wilderness-under Forest Service
control. But Glacier Peak is the most
superb section of the Cascades; it can be kept
as a wilderness area and still be given park
protection.
Unfortunately, the study team proposes to
draw the boundaries to include dams within
the park. Generating plants have rarely if
ever been permitted within the confines of a
national park; and their inclusion here would
set a wretched precedent.
In deference to the local tourist industry,
the report proposes helicopter service and
chairlift lines as well as many new roads into
the higher mountain country. The former
would be innovations in a national park-
and uniformly bad ones-entirely contrary
to the whole idea of parks as natural
preserves.
As recently as 5 years ago prospects for
getting a park seemed poor. That the pro-
posal has advanced this far is a tribute to the
tireless crusading of the Sierra Club and the
North Cascades Conservation Council and to
the mediating efforts of Edward C. Crafts,
chairman of the study team. But the
unique value of the North Cascades com-
mands effort to bring this proposal still closer
to perfection.
"Why" We're There
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. TENO RONCALIO
OF WYOMING
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, the
Denver Post says quite plainly that we
should keep our attention on the central
reason of "why" we are in Vietnam, and
it adds that Senator GALE McGEE is right
in calling a "rambling debate over Viet-
nam a potential danger to our under-
standing of the conflict."
The Post noted that a discursive ar-
gument is one that digresses, and it adds
that:
Such debates-over what a general really
meant or what Hanoi radio really is trying
to say (beneath the surface)-should not be
allowed to obscure more relevant discus-
sion.
Because I find the guidelines offered
here very helpful, I ask permission of my
colleagues that the article be made a part
of the RECORD:
[From the Denver Post, Feb. 9, 19661
SOME GUIDELINES ON VIETNAM DEBATE
Senator GALE McGEE, Democrat, of Wyo-
ming, is right in calling the rambling debate
over Vietnam a potential danger to our un-
derstanding of the conflict. He says, "specifi-
cally, that the question of why we are in
Vietnam is the important one"-and that we
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- A TENDIX February 15, V'166
>;l:ouldn't get bogged down in a series of
"discursive" arguments.
A discursive argument is one that digresses.
We're sure that MCGEE, a former university
professor, has seen enough discursive student
crsays to be at home with the word.
A student, conceivably, may digress in the
Pope he will confuse his teacher into believ-
ito; he knows the answer. Possibly the same
tu.-;i,ivoticn is involved in scme of the criti-
,,e;in of President Johnson.
The problem, as Senator McGEE sees it, is
Lla:ii; hundreds oi minor things are brought
to major debate. And sometimes major is-
sues are twisted into questionable directions.
A ti, example of the latter is the reaction to
i,i,. (fen. James M. Uavin's now famous letter
to ltarper's magazine last month. Gavin ex-
nrr:a:sed some disagreement with the adminis-
Li:tLion's Asia policy. He was supposed to
favor retreating to coastal enclaves.
Bo.t the result was that Gavin was so widely
misunderstood-- and so widely hailed as an
opponent of President Johnson's policies-
that Gavin said lost week he's sorry he corn-
ter i I.ted the ideas to Paper.
I.avin explained: "I did not suggest we
withdraw to the enclaves; I said that where
we are now, we have these enclaves, and if we
?.; i.ay with what we have ? * * we can either
bold on or consolidate in several large areas
ins one large area. '
t'his is not neccss:crily bad military logic-
..; :.ornc Johnson supporters say it is-nor is
it proof that Oar n ,B unalterably opposed to
Joni uron's Asia pc,licy. He told the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee Tuesday, for
oxampic, that he aporoved the resumption of
i,nmhing in Nortii Vietnam.
e what finally emerges is a warning by an
experienced mil, arv man that we cannot
tight a land war with China all over south-
a-act Asia. That's good advice--if the ad-
tiiinistration is planning such a course.
And it';-, worth discussing. But we wonder
if there isn't a Lit of ideological hysteria-
ioze gnerading as a search for logic--involved
or the Vietnam policy discussions at the
civilian level.
`;rich debates over what a general really
tn-:urt or what llaroi radio really is trying
to say (beneath the surface)-should not be
allowed to obscure more relevant discussion,
Huck discussion, Senator McGEE says, should
include a background realization of why we
:,re in Vietnam and how our involvement
there fits into "the full screen of global poli-
cs." His point, is worth considering.
LION. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN
is i :7 IFSOURI
iN 'I'HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, in his
humane and wise efforts to relieve world
hunger, President Johnson is being hailed
as a statesman in the highest sense of the
word.
Uiis policies in this field came in for
high praise from columnist James
Reston who, in the New York Times,
declared. that when the history of this
postwar generation is written the quiet
and generous policies of the American
Government will stand out above its
other exploits.
1t,eston stated:
Nothing illustrates the point better than
President Johnson's new efforts to relieve
world hunger.
He is no longer thinking of the Nation's
food surpluses as a problem but as an op-
portunity. He is not talking now about
taking more acreage out of production but
of putting some of the 60 mill ion land bank
acres back into production, and in the proc-
ess, he is Likely to prove that this is not only
good agricultural policy, but good foreign
policy and social policy at the same time.
Reston is convinced that, the w,' r to
relieve world hunger appeals greatly to
President Johnson. He has a fcelinr.,. for
the land and the poor-having e ome
from both-that comes through in his
food and poverty messages more cl, arly
titan any others; and in emphasizing
them, both at, .home and abroad, lie is
es;ablisllin a record that may in the
end be the symbol of his ad'ninistra ! ion.
The column by James Reston follows:
(iP rem the New York Times, Feb. 11, '51661
WASarrr?rTON: FsorlT 'ES`P: oR Fenn 'Em"
(By James Reston)
'i'TASIaNo.roN, February 10 -There is a
kind of Gresham's law of journalismu in
which the bad news drives out the good. the
negative overwhelms the po5_tive, and the
wirmakers drown out the peacemakers.
Yet when the history of this postwar sern-
er: tion is written, the quiet and generous
policies of the American Government. are
likely to stand out even above its mitta.ry
e'-:ploits, and nothing illustrates the .)Dint
better than President Johnson's new courts
to relieve world hunger.
He is no longer thinking of the Nat ion's
food surpluses as a problem but as an oppor-
tunity. IIe is not talking now about thing
more acreage out of production but of
putting some of the 60 million land bank
arses back into production, and in the proc-
ess, he is li kely to prove that this is not only
good agricultural policy, but good foreign
policy and social policy at the same timo.
ISOO ;EVELT'S FORESIGHT
here is it field in which the United ia.tes
has dealt consistently and generously with
the causes of war-from the Marshall than
to the Johnson plain, It is just over 20
years ago that Franklin Roosevelt's Atlantic
Charter pledge of "Freedom From Want"
was given substance in the formation of the
Food and Agriculture Organization o the
United Nations.
Since that time, the net total of U.S cco-
no.rnic aid to other countries was over $65
billion, and in the last decade U.S. aid pro-
gl;,ms have provided over 141) million tons
of rood for needy nations.
raIREAT OF FAMINE
:Nevertheless, world food shortages are
greater than ever. With the human popu-
lation increasing by 63 million every year,
and food production not keeping up, there is
a serious threat of famine in India and other
developing countries, and the United Nations
csi.imates are that in these countries total
food supplies will have to increase by 103
percent by 1980 and by 261 percent by the
end of the century to maintain even a rnin-
imum standard of nutrition.
President Johnson's food message this
week combined a new sense of urgency and
realism about his problem. He knows that
peace and starvation do not go well to-
gether, but he is also emphasizing tha(, this
staggering problem cannot be met for long
by the surpluses of the advanced nation:; but
must be faced by modern agriculture in the
land of the hungry nations.
Therefore, he is proposing expanded food
shipments to countries where food needs are
growing, and self-help efforts are underway;
increased capital and technical assistance;
expanded food production in this country;
increased emphasis on high protein foods
to combat malnutrition, and provision for
adequate reserves to meet any world
emergency.
Aside from the humanitarian aspects, the
social and political considerations of this
program at home and abroad are likely to be
considerable. Even a much larger produc-
tion of food in the United States will not
stop the steady flow of people into the cities,
but it may slow it; up. Farm income is likely
to increase encouraging people to stay on
the land and in the small agricultural towns,
and if Mr. Jefferson was right about the
character of the American farmer and the
wickedness of urban societies, this will be Al
to the good.
Overseas, the most striking advantage of
the United States in its competition with
the Communist countries is on the l.md.
The Russians have got to the moon but some-
how they cannot get out of the hole on the
earth. Before the war, the Soviet Union, the
Communist countries of Eastern Europe and
even continental China were exporters of
food; now they are all importers.
The United States is now producing its vast
agricultural surpluses with less than 10 per-
cent of its people on the land while the
Soviet Union cannot feed itself with over 50
percent of its people on the farm. Yield per
acre has increased by 109 percent in North
America in the last 25 years; by only 7 per-
cent in Asia; and these are factors in the
world agricultural and political revolution
that are not likely to be overlooked by the
leaders of the new and hungry nations.
THE PARADOX
All this appeals greatly to President John-
son. He has a feeling for the land and the
poor--having come from both-that comes
through in his food and poverty messages
more clearly than any others; and in em-
phasizing them, both at home and abroad, he
is establishing a record that may in the end
be the symbol of his administration.
This in a way is one of the tragedies of
Vietnam. Sometimes we give the impresion
that we are determined to save those people
from communism if we have to kill there in
the process, and the controversy over this
gets in the way of the larger interests and
nobler concerns of the American people.
Kansas High School Press Conference
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT F. ELLSWORTH
OF KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, on
December 23 it was my high honor to
hold a press conference with high school
journalism students from the Third Con-
gressional District of Kansas. The con-
ference was sponsored by the Kansas
City, Kans., Area Chamber of Commerce.
The questions were outstanding and
challenging, and I believe it was a most
worthwhile experience for all of us. A
prize was offered by the Kansas City
Kansan to the high school student turn-
ing in the best story on the conference,
judged by a special committee of experts
in the field of journalism. Sandy Stines,
of Washington High School, of Bethel,
Kans., won first :place, and Sharon Wohl-
ford, of Argentine High School, of Kan-
sas City, Kans., won honorable mention.
I commend these articles to the Congress
as proof that the world of journalism has
a rich future, and include them herewith:
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Appendix
Tribute to Albert Thomas: A Great
American
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, the flag of our country flies at half-
mast today and the hearts of our people
are saddened because of the death of
ALBERT THOMAS-our colleague-one of
the great men of our time.
Permit me to take this means of pay-
ing a brief but sincere tribute to his
memory and to his life of selfless and
dedicated service to our country.
We are indeed saddened by the real-
ization that ALBERT THOMAS is gone-
never to return to the House-never to
be with us again in the Independent Of-
flees Subcommittee on Appropriations or
in the Congress.
It is my firm conviction that there
has never been a greater chairman of the
Independent Offices Subcommittee than
ALBERT THOMAS.
He worked long.
He worked hard.
He was dedicated to the Congress-
to his district-to his beloved State of
Texas-and to this great Nation. Amer-
ica will bear the imprint of the creativity
and imagination of ALBERT THOMAS for
generations to come as the work he did
here continues to unfold in growth and
progress. Our children and our chil-
dren's children will live in a better
America because of the foresight and wis-
dom of ALBERT THOMAS.
His grasp of complex and difficult
problems was remarkable and his judg-
ment was sound. He will long be re-
membered for his vision and initiative in
the fields of space and science and tech-
nology-and in other areas of growth
and progress.
ALBERT TI-IO'MAS was one of the first to
visualize the importance of space explor-
ation and the technological byproducts
that such exploration has developed-
and will continue to develop. He was a
member of the Joint Atomic Energy
Committee and played a crucial role in
the development of atomic energy.
He was a member of the Subcommittee
on Defense Appropriations and took a
consistent and strong position for a pow-
erful defense posture for our country-
for great national strength-for an
America more powerful than any nation
in history.
The unselfish dedication of ALBERT
THOMAS to the national interest will echo
down the corridors of history as the
United States meets the challenges at
home and abroad which he anticipated.
It was my great honor to serve with
ALBERT THOMAS on the Subcommittee on
Independent Offices Appropriations for
some 14 years. I sat at his side and
learned great lessons from this great
man and this great teacher.
ALBERT THOMAS saw this committee as
an instrument of service and progress-
an instrument that touched the lives of
almost every American through the inde-
pendent agencies our committee funded.
ALBERT THOMAS realized this and it gave
him vision and dedication-and a will to
create a greater America.
But-in addition to his great record of
public service and his devotion to the
national interest-ALBERT THOMAS was a
warm human being. He had a great
capacity for friendship-I was his close
friend. Working with him, I came to
know him well. He was not only a great
man but a good man-a man of concern
and compassion.
And so, Mr. Speaker, we are saddened
by his passing. We are shocked and
shaken by the departure of this wonder-
ful man, good friend, and statesman.
Although ALBERT THOMAS would have
wanted the Independent Offices Subcom-
mittee to continue its work, in deference
to his memory, hearings were suspended
this morning.
This Congress and the Nation mourn
the passing of this great man from Texas.
I extend my deepest sympathy to Mrs.
Thomas, to his two lovely daughters, and
to the other members of his family in
their bereavement.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. JOHN R. HANSEN
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. HANSEN oP Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
it took a long while before the Marshall
plan was appreciated and it may even
be awhile before this administration's
plan for southeast Asia is appreciated as
fully as it should be.
Commenting on the declaration of
Honolulu and our strong resolve to help
Vietnam, Columnist David Lawrence
said:
The war in Vietnam has turned out to be
one of the most unselfish and generous- ex-
pressions of a nation's purpose which has
been witnessed in this century.
He believes that ultimately "the Amer-
ican crusade to secure self-determination
for the people of Vietnam will be recog-
nized as a manifestation of a great prin-
ciple and ideal."
I found this column, with its review
of the purposes of the Honolulu declara-
tion and indeed, the role of the United
States in southeast Asia, to be most in-
formative, and I offer it to the RECORD for
insertion :
[From the New York Herald Tribune,
Feb. 11, 1966]
DECLARATION OF HONOLULU: A STRONG
RESOLVE ON VIET
(By David Lawrence)
WASHINGTON.-It looks like a long, gruel-
ing war ahead in Vietnam. All the talk
about escalation or unlimited bombing or
mobilizing a vast army of Americans to fight
the war has been superseded by a planned
determination to build up steadily the eco-
nomic and military strength of South Viet-
nam, even if it takes years and years to do
the job.
The chances are that no big battles will be
fought and that no spectacular military
measures will be taken, but that the United
States will continue to exercise an increas-
ing pressure that will eventually drive out
the Communist guerrillas.
If on any occasion in the meantime the
North Vietnamese Government wishes to talk
peace, the United States will be ready. But
there will have to be some evidence from
the enemy that there is a genuine desire to
end the war.
President Johnson's trip to Hawaii was
intended to strengthen the morale of the
)Vietnamese Government and at the same
time proclaim to the world America's inten-
tion to carry on the fight for the ideals that
have been set forth again and again in the
past.
The Declaration of Honolulu is significant,
not because any new principles are enum-
ciated but because the purposes of the
Untied States are defined in even more reso-
lute terms than before. It says, in part:
"The United States of America is joined
with the people and Government of Vietnam
to pervent aggression. This is the purpose
of the determined effort of the American
armed forces now engaged in Vietnam. The
United States seeks no bases. It seeks no
colonial presence. It seeks to impose no al-
liance or alinement. It seeks only to prevent
aggression, and its pledge to that purpose is
firm. It aims simply to help a people and
government who are determined to help
themselves.
"The United States is pledged to the prin-
ciples of the self-determination of peoples,
and of government by the consent of the
governed * *
"Just as the United States is pledged to
play its full part in the worldwide attack
upon hunger, ignorance, and disease, so in
Vietnam it will give special support to the
work of the people of that country to build
even while they fight * *
"The purpose of the United States remains
a purpose of peace. The U.S. Government
and the Government of Vietnam will con-
tinue in the future, as they have in the past,
to press the quest for a peaceful settlement
in every forum."
It is interesting to compare what President
Johnson affirmed at Honolulu with what he
said in a speech on August 12, 1964, just after
Congress had authorized him to use the
Armed Forces of the United States in Viet-
nam. He said at that time:
"For 10 years through the Eisenhower ad-
ministration, the Kennedy administration,
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A7 6 CONGRESSIONAI. RECORD - APPENDIX February 15, ;~ ~,?GG
Hidthis administration, we have had one
r:r,nsist ut aim-oiiservancc of the. 1954 agree-
in.ents which guarinteed the independence of
t;outh Vietnam. That independence has
h'?^n the conch tent target of aggression and
c -rror. r'or to years our respond to these
cks has I' i i.,cd a consistent pattern.
;+irrt, that the South Vietnamese have the
:ualr, respon:ibili?y for the defense of their
,, ..., r, '-torn.
:,ccond. we would engage our strength
a a our resouir cs to whal:ever extent n."clod
t.,, help others r,'real aggression * 1" *.
[,:,n a s,ay we _'l?'mid withdraw from ',aoUth
V'_r,r,t:?t Put the Unit^c' `gates (''n-
n;,!, ;:nil must uol? and will not, turn aside
.tncl allow the rcedorin of a brave people to
sr l,nnli ti over o Comnnnuist tyrarnny. This
::11 creative is I i a /ceically unwise, we drink.
a-ti it s morally unthinkable."
Although soi'ie Americans may think there
is ;a. magic way to bring the Vietnam war to a
t, it ig cad, thev will find that, while the
"?licy decided upon now does not call for
hasty or irnpuhiv.i action, it means a steady
pros: ore designed to convince the North Viet-
n;trriese Government that its aggression in
:;ont,11 Vietnam has to be abandoned.
The war in t'`iel.nam has turned out to be
oaiii of the mo:-t unselfish and generous ex-
t resaio 115 of a action's purpcsc which has
lw,,m witnessed in this ccniury. Ultimately,
flac American cnsade to secure self-deter-
nunation for the people of Vietnam will be
t-:c?.-:antsad isa a Ina:nifcstelion of a great prin-
ciple and ideal. It took a long while for
thin M rshall roan to be appreciated in the
,I,=c-, le tier W''rid War II w e' ended, and
it will probably take an equally long time
I,, lore 1,;ie dc mLu,resLed and unselfish serv-
ice rendered to the people of Vietnam by the
Waited States is truly understood by the
ti arid.
.'>T :lN,. (?N OF REMARKS
'i .' . BOB 'IW LSON
' CALIFORNIA
ilia lS; HO!',[; OF RLc'FtEESi:NTATIVES
Yuesdc, gg, h'cbruary 15, 1966
,NTr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker,
daring these trying moments when
a,ressure from all sides is upon us to back
clown I'rom our commitment, in Vietnam
i found the srlclosed San Diego Union
editorial of January 31 to be most en-
lightening and helpful in sustaining our
convictions. It is entitled "Marine
II;runds the C'a.ll-Time for Renewed De-
dication," and was based on the brief
rommellts made by a most able Marine
in Lire Pacific. Lt. Gen. Victor H. Krulak.
Under unanimous consent. I include
111is as a portion of my remarks:
&TASINE S oflNns THE CALL-TIME FOR
1, s. vijtFD DEDICATION
II, took onlti a few short seat-ness, but
14. Gen_ Vict:~r U. Krulak, commander of
the Pacific Fleei. Marine Force, answered
-411f. firmness C i'D pica authmriiy gained over
31 years in the corps just why the United
ii An... c, is ligliting at-acistie corn-
ocunisnl ill Sou I'll Vietnam.
"If file Unrl it States should. abandon its
,',nmitneent t Smith Vietnam. we will face?
rcore Vietnams in Thailand, Cambodia.,
tvi,tlaysia, Aus~raLi, and New Zealand," the
s, loran Marine Corps cornbat officer declared.
"SJe are in Vietnam to protect freedom.
'liar tracdum of others, which we respect, and
Cu" own freedom, which we cherish," General
1 rulak said, addi,tg there is also a subjective
r:-she Lo our being committed to battle.
"Our own freedom is a direct issue If we
back away now we will tell our frier ds and
enemies that we can't ho trusted, and we will
lose our stake in Asia."
Although General Krulak restricted his
remarks to southeast Asia. and the present
war there, they hold true equally waif and
also apply to our global commitments to
West Germany, Latin America. Jap:;n. and
all free nations around the glohe tr, 'lAiicln
we are hound either by I ro ily or moral
obligations.
The general left no doubt as to his
taouglst3 on the outcoinre of the war i?t Viet-
_..:n r ; he ls'cdicted victory for I LS.
forces ` h care the kids we ha re ovi there
re dolt their tab."
Calling for renewed dedication on 1 rn part
of all Americans, he declared:
"Our yours; people in Vietnam ar,- doing
their job. 11; has always been the young
people of our country who have carried the
burden of war * * * I butt the issue is not
no to them--it is up to us."
His prediction of victory is basel on a
belief that the country Is coming "mr i and
more to recognize the problem f,' ,d in
Vie tnam."
On ciraft-cord burners, General Krt.l'ck re-
celled how a young wounded marl ,e told
him: "They don't count, * * I'll b,,t they
never burned their social s,'curity c.lyds or
their unemployment checks."
Another lacy in a hospital told tl e gen-
eral, rc ?.rding the college campus .:emon-
st.rators:
"I don't raally mind this within. reason.
It doesn't airCcunt to mach, but I thi It that
any university that would permit signs on
ifs campus which call us butchers doesn't
deserve to be called a university."
With the great majority of Americans
backing our troops with renewed dedication,
tan' words of the two hospitalized bons gain
::; rcngtln and pernaps even greater t.rpose
';Ytnn they intended.
"They," inc!ecd, ?don't count."
4 i'hNSI:O.N OF REMARK
o
HON. CHESTER L. MIZE
OF KANSAS
TN 21sE Hue,a, OF REPRf;SENI'A'1 iV:I'3S
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
1l/'r. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, a recent edi-
torial in the Topeka, Kans., Daily Capi-
tal points out an instance where Cie new
budget may be "penny wise and pound
foolish." This is in reference to the
proposed cuts in Federal research funds.
Kansas State University and other land-
g-ant colleges and universities ',-viii be
seriously hampered in carrying out vital
research if these funds are cut back.
The timing is especially bad because the
cuts are proposed at a time when we are
talking about solving world food prob-
1.ems.
I cernmend this editorial to the atten-
tion of my colleagues. I am sure they
will find this words of De. Glenn Beck,
gated in the editorial, worthy of note as
he exposes the inconsistency in these
recommendations. The editorial follows:
[From the Topeka. (Kans.) Daily c''c:pit;al,
Feb. 4, 19661
GLAIN ILESEARCH VITAL
There was bad news on the Kansas farm
front this week as Dr. Glenn H. Berk, vice
president for agriculture at Kansas State
University, told the annual Agricultural Ex-
periment Station Conference at Manhattan
that Kansas stands to lose $222,352 to Fed-
eral research funds effective July 1 tl t; ;va.r.
If President Johnson's proposed budget is
adopted, said Dr. Beck, $122,000 would be
unavailable for studies dealing with wheat
and sorghum. The remainder of the ;lash
would affect the Kansas Agriculture Experi-
ment Station and the Kansas Cooperative
Exr,An.sion Service.
The proposed reduction, Dr. Beck. coo-
tended, is not realistic for obvious reasons.
"Much of this reduction is directed 1,,,ward
studies dealing with wheat and sorginim,"
he said. "'This comes at a time when two-
thirds of the countries in the world face
di,. strous famine. And, paradoxically, it
comes et a time when it is our proclaimed
policy to extend our help in trying to r o1va1
the world food problem."
Similar reductions, he said, have not been
made in research on such commodities e
tobacco, cotton, and peanuts.
As the No. 1 producer of wheat among the
States, Kansas raised 250 million bushels of
grain in 1965 worth $350 million. But the
State must depend on quality as well as
quantity, said Dr. Beck, and loss of Federal
research support will be costly in that it will
hinder wheat quality programs.
Pest ewitrol research may also be cu L back
to the extent that it would mean crop losses
equivalent to $25 to $50 million annually.
"Harvest sorghum grain, alone, has a cash
value of at least $135 million," Dr. Beck
pointed out. "More important, it serves as
a principal source of energy needed to pro-
duce meat animals worth a half billion dol-
lars."
Dr. Beck's objections to the proposed cut-
backs in Federal support are based on sound
reasoning. With a huge food-producing; task
ahead, Kansas :farmers will need to keep up
the continual improvement of quality and
production methods as they have in the past.
Now is the time for all good Kansans to
take time to write to their congressional dele-
g:ation. It's hard to believe that the ad-
ministration wants to take steps to lessen
food procluction when our grain reserccc con-
tinue to dwindle and the demand is ii,.creas-
ing.
Washington promises other nations that
help in the way of food is comin-. It
doesn't make sense to cancel productive pro-
grams. In the light of appropriations these
days, the amount involved is relatively small
for the benefits it will bring. Sure;; y our
representatives in Congress will do their hest
to maintain present research programs.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'T'ATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, on
January 30, 1966, the Los Angeles 'rimes
contained an outstanding editorial on
the problem of inflation.
It very properly and forcefully points
out that to check inflationary tendencies
requires not only restraint by labor and
management, but by the Federal Govern-
ment itself. As inflation, which has fre-
quently been defined as a hidden tax, af-
fects all of our people, I recommend the
editorial to the attention of my col-
leagues
Under leave to extend my remarks,
submit the editorial for inclusion in the
RECORD :
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February 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Obviously, if the seaway is to be as
successful as these proponents say it
will be, then there should be no need
for lowering tolls nor even maintaining
them at the present level. Instead, they
should be raised to more fully repay the
American taxpayer for his investment in
this waterway system. However, more
specific evidence of why seaway tolls
should be brought into a more realistic
level will be submitted by this committee
at such time as it is called before proper
bodies to present its opinion on the sea-
way toll structure.
At this time, the committee wishes to
state that it feels the upcoming review
of seaway revenues and tariffs to be of
vital importance to the whole Nation,
and that it should be conducted in pub-
lic; and that every segment of transpor-
tation, shipping, port, and civic inter-
ests be given the opportunity to appear
before the appropriate bodies.
The actions of the Federal Govern-
ment in attempting to divert cargo,
through promotion and other means, to
the seaway away from ports which are
more self-reliant and which have histor-
ically done their own port promotion and
developing, is shocking. The committee
feels that more should be said on this
subject, and that definite guidelines
should be established to make certain
that the Government does not unfairly
use its resources to promote seaway
ports to the disadvantage of other ports
in the United States with whom the
seaway competes.
At this time, the committee prefers to
call attention to the requirement that
the toll program of the seaway be re-
viewed and recommendations made by
July 1, 1966, and to ask that this review
be made part of a public dialog con-
sidering the tremendous investment the
taxpayers of this country have made in
the St. Lawrence Seaway, and the po-
tential impact of further tax subsidy
upon the non-federally-supported ports
in the North, South Atlantic, and gulf.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN R. HANSEN
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
today it is my privilege to introduce a
companion bill to one introduced by the
gentleman from Pennsylvania, Congress-
man FRED B. ROONEY, to establish a Na-
tional Eye Institute as part of the
National Institutes of Health.
It is time for us to wake up to the
tragic waste in human resources that
takes its toll each year in eye diseases.
With over 11 million people in the
United States either partially or totally
blind, we need to face this problem with
more than a hope of better days.
In Iowa we have one of the finest pro-
grams for rehabilitation of the blind in
the entire country. Under the excep-
tional direction of Mr. Kenneth Jernigan,
this program has been able to revitalize
lives that were doomed to despair and
discouragement. Along with this reha-
bilitation work, the fine Lions Club eye
bank project has restored sight to a
number of fortunate individuals.
It does not in any way detract from
the excellent work of these organizations
to say that we are failing in our efforts.
We fail, because so little is known, and
the problems are multiplying faster than
we can provide answers. In 1963, the
cost of caring for,those already blind
amounted to more than $1 billion. At
the same time, public and private sources
spent only $9 million on research. It is
easy to see that much work is needed
in this area.
With more than 80 percent of all loss
of vision in our Nation due to diseases
whose causes are unknown to science,
we have an urgent responsibility to press
forward in this area.
The emotional, psychological, and
physical disturbances that arise from
blindness are well known. We now have
to bring the poser of our scientific age
to bear upon this major health problem.
I urge my colleagues to support this
measure, so that the fear that stalks our
land in the form of blindness may be put
aside.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
110N. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, at the request of Director Leland J.
Haworth, Director of the National Sci-
ence Foundation, I request unanimous
consent that a tribute to the memory of
the Honorable ALBERT THOMAS, our be-
loved colleague, be reprinted in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
The tribute, in the form of a letter,
follows:
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR,
Washington, D.C., February 15, 1966.
Hon. JOE L. EvINs,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. EvaNs: In common with all who
knew him, we at the National Science Foun-
dation are saddened today to learn of the
passing of ALBERT THOMAS. His loss will be
felt deeply by the scientific community and
by the people of the United States for whom
he worked so devotedly.
I personally came to know, admire, and re-
spect Mr. THOMAS as a great public servant
and as a warm and considerate personality
through my relations with the Joint Com-
mittee on Atomic Energy, of which he was a
member, and later with the Independent Of-
fices Subcommittee of the Committee on
Appropriations which he chaired. He de-
manded the highest standards of public serv-
ants, while meeting these standards himself
in every way. He was rigorous in his de-
mands, but he was always fair, and he was
always receptive to new ideas that might
make the Government more responsive to
the needs of the people it serves.
A741
The high esteem in which he was held by
the Foundation is attested to by the fact
that upon the 15th anniversary of the Foun-
dation and the 100th meeting of the National
Science Board last May, the Board presented
him with a certificate in grateful acknowl-
edgment of the indebtedness of the Founda-
tion and the American people to him for his
vision and his help in making the Founda-
tion a more effective instrument to serve the,
national purpose.
Today we honor his memory. His State,
his Nation, and his countrymen are the bet-
ter for his great accomplishments on their
behalf.
Sincerely,
iL
I ~ a
LELAND J. HAWORTH,
Director.
Marine Fighting for All of Us
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, the
San Diego Union recently ran a most en-
lightening letter to the editor from
Marine Corps Sgt. Jimmie L. Harris in
Vietnam. Sergeant Harris is a native of
San Diego and his feelings about the
"get out of Vietnam" demonstrations are
set forth in clear language that every
American can easily comprehend.
Under unanimous consent I include
this as a portion of my remarks:
READERS' VIEWPOINT: MARINE FIGHTING FOR
ALL OF US
EDITOR, THE UNION:
I am a Marine sergeant presently stationed
in Vietnam, and a native of San Diego. It
has been several years since I have lived
there. However, my parents, Mr. and Mrs.
T. P. Callas, live at 1610 Union Street.
I receive the San Diego Union here and I
continue to read of the many "Get out of
Vietnam" and anti-U.S. policy demonstra-
tions.
I cannot understand how, supposedly, ma-
ture, and educated people can so openly defy
a decision made by our Commander in Chief,
the President of the United States.
A decision was made by our Government
to help the determined South Vietnamese
people to win their war against a Communist
aggressor so they may have a government of
their own choosing.
Have the demonstrators ever stopped to
realize the damaging amount of fuel they
are giving to the Communist regime to be
used as propaganda against us? We here
in Vietnam are having enough problems
fighting a very effective enemy without our
own people's adding to them.
I, for one, wish it was possible to get these
individuals over here to see the agony, hurt,
heartaches, and grief that- is suffered every
day so that they may continue to enjoy the
freedom and rights they now exercise. We
are paying a very high price here to stop
Communist aggression so we will not have to
fight our next battle on our own soil.
I am aware that this is but a small minor-
ity group demonstrating and tearing up
draft cards. However, this minority is being
heard loudly all over the world. My per-
sonal opinion is that they are cowards and
they do not have enough guts to stand up
and protect their rights. I only hope I will
never come into direct contact with these
demonstrators or see them wave Vietcong
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX February 15, 1966
flags, because I will be, with much pleasure,
facing charges of assault and battery.
We have received so very many packages
and cards from American citizens, unknown
to us, who are behind us all of the way.
These are the true Americans who should be
heard above all others and commended for
their interest and support for an unknown
serviceman in a war so very many miles from
home.
I am an American fighting man serving my
country the best. I know how and I am proud
of being here doing what I know must be
done. I have a wonderful wife and three
lovely children that I love and miss very
much. However, I am willing to live in mud,
dust, a foxhole, tent, rain, and heat so they
may continue to be safe and warm in the
land of the free.
Sgt. JIMMIE L. HARRIS, USMC.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF,
HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH
OP NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday. February 15, 1966
Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I include the following address by
EIon. James A. Farley, chairman of the
board of the Coca-Cola Export Corp., at
the Dubuque, Iowa, Country Club, on the
occasion of the dedication of the new
Coca-Cola bottling plant in Dubuque on
February 3, 1966. I am also including an
interesting editorial from the New York
Daily News of February 4, 1966, and an
article from the Des Moines Register of
the same date:
GREAT AMERICAN PRESIDENTS
(Address by Hon. James A. Farley, chairman
of the board, the Coca-Cola Export Corp.,
at the dinner on the occasion of the dedi-
cation of the new Coca-Cola bottling plant,
Dubuque, Iowa, February 3, 1966, Dubuque
Country Club)
I am not one to contradict Shakespeare
but I think I can prove that comparisons
are not always odious. I take nothing away
from President Andrew Jackson when I say
that Franklin D. Roosevelt was a great Presi-
dent; and I take, nothing away from Presi-
dents Jackson cr Franklin D. Roosevelt or
Truman when I say that President Lyndon
13. Johnson has already proven that he is of
the same mold.
I am mindful that these Presidents all
were Democrats. It is not, however, Why I
picked them, though I am willing to concede
that being Democrats didn't count against
them either.
All four Presidents measured their prob-
lems with only one yardstick: "What's best
for the American people" and, that answered,
they immediately activated their decisions.
President Jackson urged low interest rates
for the common people-so does President
.Johnson. President Jackson was under-
atanding, as President Johnson is, of the fact
that the inflationary fears of the financial
market aren't nearly as close to the common
people as the deflationary fears of unem-
ployment and farm foreclosure.
When I first came to Iowa, 35 years ago, in
the depths of the depression, a farmer
couldn't buy a package of cigarettes for a
bushel of corn. The farm country was at the
point of rebellion. Armed farmers prevented
foreclosures; and when the legislature met
they sustained the farmers.
Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted neither fore-
closures nor rebellion. What he wanted was
a New Deal for all and he got it in the form
of 100 basic pieces of legislation passed in
100 days--a feat unparalleled in American
history until President Johnson's programs
were enacted by the 89th Congress. Of those
100 basic acts of Congress, as the late great
Speaker Sam Rayburn pointed out, none have
been repealed, all have been expanded and
all. are now part of the platforms of both
major parties.
And, of course, the same thing will be true
of the Great Society measures which Presi-
dent Johnson is now enacting into law. I
predict that in another 35 years from now
the Great Society will be flourishing, and
further the principal question will not be why
It was enacted by President Johnson but: why
it, was delayed until he alone had to accom-
plish it.
I understand that these are expansive dec-
larations but I am prepared to prove them.
President Lyndon Johnson is the direct
spiritual heir of a number of the great Amer-
ican Presidents. The first is President Jeffer-
son. President Johnson has done something
more than merely adopt President Jefferson's
theory of government. He has elaborated
it into the most effective method of party
responsibility in the history of our country.
It annoys me, to be frank, to see his con-
summate skill criticized as that of mere
clever manipulation. Actually, it represents
a new and fundamental approach.
More particularly, President Jefferson in-
s:.sted that the party assume full responsi-
bility before the American people. In order
to give the American people an honest choice
of its policies President Jefferson believed
that the congressional leadership and the
Chief Executive should be in constant con-
ference before the legislation was offered.
President Jefferson himself attended such
caucuses and when he could not go he sent
Albert Gallatin, his Secretary of the
Treasury.
President Johnson has furthered the same
system. Had Presidents Jackson, Wilson, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt employed the Johnson-
Jefferson approach they would have saved
the country many a crisis, and would have
avoided many headaches for themselves in
their wars with Capitol Hill,
Franklin D. Roosevelt did employ this
method for his first term. There was com-
plete party responsibility and there was corn-
plete cooperation on Capitol Hill.
As President Jefferson employed Albert
Gallatin to maintain such liaison, the Pres-
idant delegated that duty to me as Post-
master f =eneral and chairman of the Demo-
cratic National Committee. Vice President
Garner, Senators Joseph T. Robinson, Pat
Harrison, and James T. Byrnes, and Con-
gressmen Henry Rainey, Joseph Byrne. and
Sam Rayburn, certainly as astute as any
Iron who trod Capitol Hill, were prime fac-
tors in moving that massive legislation to
completion. It was the Jefferson pattern in
full and effective sway. Everyone who is
familiar with what has happened in the
Congress for over 30 years knows full well
that President Johnson was a protege of
Speaker Sam Rayburn. Every bit of legis-
lative know-how he possessed was made
known to the young Congressman, and I
think it is fair to say that the pupil has at
least equaled the master now.
President Roosevelt was prevailed upon by
a certain group to abandon this procedure
and the disastrous policy of attacking the
Supreme Court was embarked upon, even
as the congressional liaison was abandoned.
In fact, the Congress was not even consulted
before the plan was made public-and nei-
ther was I. The result was a paralysis of
Government for a full year. President John-
son would never have made this mistake.
Unfortunately, those who did not believe
in the Jefferson approach lost more by their
bad manners than they could possibly have
gained for the country by their good policies.
The New Deal bogged down, not because
its aims were less exalted but because its
bright young men had no concept of work-
ing with the Congress. President Johnson
makes no such mistakes. He assumes that
election to public office carries a presumption
that the officeholder is also a gentleman. His
unexampled good manners with the Congress
have resulted in unexampled good legisla-
tion for the country. The net effect is that
the country is more united under President
Lyndon B. Johnson than any time since the
era of good feeling under President Monroe.
But it annoys me, I repeat, to see a great
constitutional function initiated by the
most effective President in American history
with the Congress and have it passed. off,
or even criticized, as mere political clever-
ness. So much for that; President Johnson
has placed the Government nearer the peo-
ple and the Congress than any man since
Jefferson. If continued, it will result in or-
derly, democratic government without the
paralysis of a continued duel between Capi-
tol Hill and the White House, for genera-
tions to come. Therefore, in this alone Pres-
ident Johnson is, in my opinion, the greatest
constitutionalist of the American Presidents.
And now let us examine the Great Society.
President Jefferson was bitterly criticized for
paying $15 million-$15 million, not billion--
for all of the territory between New Orleans
and Montana. On it now stand dozens of
cities where one city block is worth more
than that.
Secretary Seward was called a fool for
paying some $71/2 million for Alaska. The
fish catch alone now exceeds the purchase
price every single year.
Yet there are those who do not see that
President Johnson has discovered a whole
new country-1,200 miles long and 250 miles
wide, within our own country. I mean Ap-
palachia, and I predict that this Johnsonland
will blossom forth with vast new cities on the
western slopes of the Alleghanies in the next
century as the eastern slopes of the Rockies
brought forth their great cities in the last.
There are those who deride but there are
those who decide. I can only say that one
of the gateways to Appalachia, Atlanta, is
leading the country in expansion. Atlanta
will be to Appalachia what St. Louis is to
the Missouri Valley. Mail volume alone went
up even 25 percent last year.
Private Industry has glimpsed the vision of
President Johnson-and is translating it into
reality. Therefore, I count the opening of
Appalachia on a par with Jefferson's Louisi-
ana Purchase. Accordingly, what has been
sneered at as a poverty program will develop
by the year 2000 into one of the country's
great assets. And for this, too, history will
call President Johnson great.
Now let me again remind you, 'if I may,
of my first visit to Iowa in 1931. Millions
and millions of people were out of work. In
that terrible hour it is my proud statement
that President Franklin D. Roosevelt rescued
the country from civil disorder and even
rebellion. He saved the farms, the banks,
the insurance companies, our industrial em-
pire and he saved the homes of the people.
And he did it in the pattern of President
Andrew Jackson--and in the pattern now
being elaborated by President Johnson. I
can state it in one sentence. The Federal
Reserve, pursuant; to its duty is charged with
guarding the currency from inflation; but
President Lyndon B. Johnson, by it n:.uch
higher order of oath, is charged with guard-
ing the American people from the infinitely
greater disaster of deflation. I can under-
stand the alarm of a financial community
which fears we are expanding too fast. But,
again, I can more readily sympathize with
a President who is determined that the ex-
panding economy shall not contract at all.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX February 15, 1966
Farley said his robust health was because
"I lead a busy and disciplined life."
Farley, in Dubuque to dedicate a new
bottling plant for the Coca-Cola Bottling Co.
here, is now chairman of the board of the
Coca-Cola Export Corp.
He said he tries to be in bed at 11:30 p.m.
5 nights each week and sleeps well "unless
I eat unwisely." He indicated that some
banquet meals were among the unwise meals.
He also said that he was "blessed with a
good constitution due to my rugged fore-
bears," and he watches his diet.
He also commented on:
President Johnson: "The best qualified
man ever nominated in the history of the
Democratic Party."
The national economy: "Steadily increas-
ing, good during the last 5 years."
Vietnam: "The President has no real op-
tion. The option lies with the Communists,
the aggressors."
Civil rights: "The solution to the problems
of the Negroes and Puerto Ricans is educa-
tion for them."
Successor to President Johnson: "HUBERT
HUMPHREY. He would make a great presi-
dent."
The war on poverty: "Will develop by the
year .2000 as one of the Nation's greatest
assets." ?
Albert Thomas
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, once again we pause to note
the passing of a beloved colleague. Too
often the stalwarts of the Congress, who
have written so much of the history of
their times, are suddenly gone from the
scene. In awe of God's inscrutable ways
we meet today to register our sincere
thoughts of ALBERT THOMAS, what he
meant and how we will miss him.
To know ALBERT was to love and re-
spect him. During the years he so ably
served the Eighth Congressional District
of Texas, I learned to appreciate what a
fine, outstanding job he did in carrying
out his responsibilities to his people.
Loved and respected for his fairness,
sound judgment, deep courage and devo-
tion to America, his rare capacity for
leadership will be sorely missed in the
years to come.
He was quiet and soft spoken, and as he
went about his daily tasks, he had a kind
greeting for everyone.
In thinking of ALBERT, I am reminded
of the words penned by the late Sir Wil-
liam Osler, the noted Canadian phy-
sician:
I have three personal ideals. One, to do
the day's work well and not to bother about
tomorrow. The second ideal has been to act
the Golden Rule, as far as in me lay, toward
my professional brethren and toward those
committed to my care. And the third has
been to cultivate such -a measure of
equanimity as would enable me to bear suc-
cess with humility, the affection of my
friends without pride, and to be ready when
the day of sorrow and grief came to meet it
with the courage befitting a man.
ALBERT THOMAS fully measured up to
such ideals. We shall miss him, but he
has left forever with us countless mem-
ories of a wonderful person.
Woodrow Wilson
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM T. MURPHY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speak-
er, the February 5, 1966, issue of the New
York Times contained an interesting
article on Woodrow' Wilson by Author-
Journalist James T. Farrell, and in read-
ing this editorial, I felt that others will
also want to see the appraisal made by
this writer, and with this in mind, I
would commend this article to the at-
tention of my colleagues in the House of
Representatives. It follows:
Topics: WOODROW WILSON REMEMBERED
(By James T. Farrell)
Forty-two years ago this week Woodrow
Wilson died at his house in Washington. He
had always liked Thomas Gray's "Elegy
Written in a Country Churchyard." When
"the paths of glory" led him to his "inevita-
ble hour," Wilson is supposed to have said to
his wife:
? "Edith, I'nk a broken machine, but I'm
ready."
As I look back, I can summon from my
imagination and memory and from my read-
ing several different Images of this man who
became President when I was 9 years old,
and a War President when I was -13, and who,
when I was 14, was the Hero of the World, as
though he were a savior of mankind, and
then lost and crumbled. Repudiated polit-
ically, paralyzed physically, he left office at'
the end of his second term, and the exponent
of "normalcy" succeeded him.
FOCUS OF TRAGEDY
When I was passing through adolescence
and young manhood in the 1920's, Wilson
then seemed to me to focus the tragedy of
the world into which my contemporaries and
I were growing up. With the years, he be-
comes one of the many characters of that
tragedy, not the sole protagonist. I cannot
think of him with sadness.
Even in my first hot moments of postwar
disillusionment, with the anger of a young
man's feeling of betrayal, and the expectation
that my generation and I, myself, would pay
the price of Wilson's historic failure as a
peacemaker at Versailles, I did not lose my
underlying sense of sadness. For it was not
the failure of a man, but of human hope for
a better and much different kind of world,
which imbues the story of Wilson with the
somber tones of tragedy.
A BOY'S TRUST
proud to fight." I later perceived that this
famous statement reflected one of Wilson's
outstanding traits. He was a phrasemaker
who, too frequently, substituted words for
the deeds of decision. Such a statement was
a phrasemaker's remark. Americans have
never to my knowledge been "too proud to
fight," but they were reluctant to fight at
that time because they didn't quite know
what the fighting was all about. -
Wilson understood intellectually that the
Presidency is, first of all, a place where power
has to be- exercised and action taken. As he
said shortly after his election in 1912: "This
is an office in which a man must put on his
war paint. Fortunately, I am not of such a
visage as to mind marring it."
But Wilson, a minister's son, a scholar,
and a man of words, who came to the prac-
tice of politics late in his career, was not by
nature at ease with himself when he had
his "war paint" on. H. L. Mencken described
him as "the perfect model of the Christian
cad." That was once a fashionable judg-
ment which I largely shared, though I never
wholly lost my compassion for him. At
times, Wilson may have acted in a way that
justified Mencken's description.
At the climax of his life, however, Wilson
died bravely for his conduct, his actions, his
signature. Beaten, with the people turn-
ing against him, he went out to face them
to try to persuade them. Self-deluded as he
was at Versailles and as J. M. Keynes so
graphically described for us in "The Eco-
nomic Consequences of the Peace," Wilson
faced the people in defense of his conduct.
Vanity, in part, appears to have been a source
of his courage; but how many of the vain
have courage?
His conduct suggests that if his ' health
had not failed he would have convinced the
people or would have walked in loneliness
to his grave. "For nothing less depends
upon this decision (whether or not to ratify
his signing of the Versailles Treaty), nothing
less than the liberation of the world,
he declared.
But when Wilson became no more, the
hopes which he had lifted out of the mud
and blood and agony into a dreamlike eupho-
ria of faith--those hopes had died. He, had
outlived his oratorical idealism.
Our world, our tragic century, had truly
begun. -
Support Given
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. BYRON G. ROGERS
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr.
Speaker, President Johnson's policy in
South Vietnam has the firm support of
the Denver Post, which asserts that the
President has asked for-"and deserves
to get-the support of the American peo-
ple in his broad-based program for
South Vietnam."
In a February 10 editorial, the Post
declared:
The time is late and the opposition of the
Communist enemy is great. But the Presi-
dent's goals are, we believe, sincere, and
should be given eery chance to succeed.
Under unanimous consent, I insert
this clearly stated editorial in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
L.B.J. MAINTAINS POSITIVE VIET STANCE
President Johnson has asked for-and de-
serves to get-the support of the American
But those were not my first impressions of
Wilson. As an Irish boy in Chicago I grew up
thinking that he was a great man, the great-
est President since Abraham Lincoln. My
father had voted for him. He was brainy, a
scholar; he had a big vocabulary. I was a
trusting boy. My trust extended to the Pres-
ident, and I wanted him to do right and to
be right.
With the succession of days from 1914 to
1917, the First World War slowly penetrated
my consciousness, as it did that of, most
Americans. The war meant death and suf-
fering, the death of countless thousands; it
meant soldiers going over the top on bayonet
charges and being mowed down by machine-
guns. But President Wilson knew what to
do. I didn't even have to tell myself such
a thought; I knew it and believed it as I
believed that the sun would shine in the
morning that must follow the night. Presi-
dent Wilson was a hero of mine.
Wilson at one paint early in the war pro-
claimed that the United States was "too
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February 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
For those who tell you that you share of of an education for every child and the nieces- Much has been said, and rightly, of the
the national debt is increasing I strongly say books and schools and scholarships to necessity of the United States honoring its
urge that you ask if your share of the na- develop its talents. In my opinion, as commitment to its allies. I go one step fur-
tional assets is increasing more rapidly to Thomas Jefferson wrote the Bill of Rights for ther. Thirty-one thousand Americans died
say nothing of your share of the national in- all American men and women President and one hundred thousand were wounded
come. You will find that the American Re- Lyndon B. Johnson has written a bill of in Korea. We would shame ourselves and
public is so overwhelmingly solvent that any rights for every American child. And for belie their sacrifice if we gave away in the
talk of the American dollar being unsound this alone he will go down as one of the jungles of Vietnam what they died for in
is pure nonsense. As a matter of fact, it is greatest of Presidents. Thus, Thomas Juffer- the snows of Korea.
not told which is holding up the value of son's greatest monument, in his own pin- The great tragedy is that the Communists
the dollar. It is the value of the dollar ion, was his name on the cornerstone of the always mistake humanity for weakness. The
which is holding up the gold standard. Pres- University of Virginia. Hence, President strong effort the President has been. malting
ident Johnson is perfectly aware that the Jchnson's greatest monum.eni, will be his for peace has been derided by them as his
American dollar is backed by the greatest name in the hundreds of schools and colleges fear of American public opinion. Nothing
production machine, the most skilled labor and universities he is already founding could be further from the truth. He has
force, and the most advanced scientific I am proud of the fact that I knew him done all that he could and the American
groups in the history of man. To keep this when he was a yearling--when only the eyes public knows it. Accordingly, when hostill-
combination in the forefront he bas brought of Texas were upon him. But I have seen ties resume on a full scale every American
every possible assistance at the command of him grow until the eyes of the Nation were will know without being told exactly what
the Presidency. upon him as majority leader---and no :pan President Roosevelt reported to the Nation
There are many facets to the expanding was more wholeheartedly dedicated to the on Pearl Harbor Day: "They asked for it."
Great Society that it is impossible to even Nation than Democratic Majority Lender I am sure the American people approve
begin to enumerate, must less to treat each Johnson when he supported Republican the position taken by President Johnson in
one, But,, at random, let us consider the President Eisenhower during the Berlin his statement to the Nation on Monday of
case of the aged. When Franklin D. Roose- crisis. Ex-:President Eisenhower could tes- the resumption of all activities in North
velt first promulgated social security it tify to that. I urge that President Lyndon Vietnam. The reason for his course of ac-
s,tarted more than a great debate. It started B. Johnson is entitled to the same support tion was explained'. in greater detail by Sec-
Ilie great abuse. It, was declared that the as President that he gave as majority leader. retary of State Dean Rusk immediately
President was undermining the American For some time there has been much con- afterward at a press conference. This should
character- It wi s further stated that he troversy pro and con on the situation in settle any prolonged debate and we should
slandered the ability of the average Amer- Vietnam. The President has no real option back the President to a man in the pnsi-
ican to take care of himself in his old age. in Vietnam. The real option rests with the tion he has taken which in his judgment
lint we called upon the actual statistics. Communists, for they are the aggressors and is in the best interests of our country ea;cl
They proved that 90 percent of all American have been since 1945. For a month now, the the free world as well.
workers over 60 were dependent upon their President has sought some sort of an ac- As President of the United States the ecec,
relatives for support. When I was a boy, cornmodation by which killing would slop, of not only the Nation but of the world r,re
many married children could not support Since the Reds have not responded it must on Lyndon B. Johnson. And if the Biblical
;.heir parents and they had to go to the be assumed that they wish to continue the phrase "By their fruits ye know them" cmi-
Alms House, in my home county called the war tinues to be as true in the future as it, li,is
poorhouse. 11-it Vietnam is not an isolated spot.
It is been in the
In the face of the most unfair kind of merely the one on which the Communists our countrypwillt,as future attacks, I take pride in the fact that under are exerting full pressure at this time. As President Lyndon Baines Johnson as they
President Franklin D. Roosevelt I helped Al Smith said, "Let's look at the record" now revere the names of Thomas Jefferson,
guide the legislation which not only wiped The Communists first succeeded in getts ig Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
the Alms House oft' the map but blasted the a coalition government in China_ They were Harry S. Truman. I think a man has seen
undignified word of poorhouse out of the then given the Japanese war arsenal in much if he once sees greatness in his life-
language. Manchuria. With the superior arms they time. I congratulate myself that I have seen
And now, President Johnson has gone far threw out the Nationalists, it four time:; in Presidents Wilson, Frank-
beyond even our hopes of those days. He When Moscow put; Berlin under pressure, lfn D. Roosevelt, and Truman. And, make no
will pilot through legislation which will put Red. China seized Korea. When we for; ed mistake, Lyndon Baines Johnson is destined
two schools in every place where there used them back to the 38th parallel and they aaw to be one of the greatest Presidents in Amer-
to be a poorhouse, and by doing so he will they were going to be defeated, only then icon history.
triple the already huge assets of the Nation. and then only did they seek an armistice.
And, I am not talking in the abstract. I arm They prolonged this for months and [From the New York Daily News, Feb. 4, 1966
i,alking in the concrete. In the first place, months--while they moved their forces GUEST EDITORIAL BY FORMER POSTMASTER GSa-
rur expansion as a country cannot continue down to the south. Then they demanded ERAL JAMES A. FAIRLEY, SPEAKING THURSDAY
without an expanding school system.. In the Quernoy and Matsu. When they found we AT A BIG COCA-COLA Do IN DUBUQUE, IowA
coed place, for every dollar invested in the would not yield they conquered Tibet +.id,
oitucation of the young $25 will be returned incidentally, put thousands and thousaruls President Johnson did not adopt a war
r the young citizen in increased earnings. of innocent people to death. policy. He had war thrust upon him. Our
]he taxes he will pay as an educated man When that was accomplished, they Irut position in South Vietnam is not like a Nor-
will return at least, 110 percent to the Gov- pressure on Vietnam and threw out t he mandy beachhead. It is more like a. Dun-
+ nme nt itself as ,in. investment. French. When all agreement was reached in kirk. The President is in the same position
';o the issue of whether or not we can 1954, on Vietnam, they at once transferred as Winston Churchill in 1940. He is a re-
altord the Great Society is not only spurious pressure to Laos. They succeeded in getting ceiver in bankruptcy of the policy of appease-
lost idiotic. The fact is that we cannot a coalition government in Laos, and threw ment. Appeasement has brought our affairs
lord not to follow the President forward. that country into chaos. Now they ;:re in Asia to this sad state. Continued appease-
In 111,3, President Franklin Delano Roose- using Laos as part of their line of supply ment will not only .lose Vietnam, it will lose
+ tf brought the country out of a depression to South Vietnam. us our Asiatic allies and greatly impair our
Yu cause he h,ueked on the great character of Obviously, if we vacated South Vietnam Atlantic Alliance.
he American people in the past. President they would continue the pressure through- The President, like Churchill, can on;v
Johnson, in these happier times, is leading out southeast Asia. offer us blood, sweat, and tears; but if c.11:-
Ole American people to new heights by hank- Thus, President Johnson did not adopt a attempt to run away the pressure will iii iii, on that same American character in the war policy. He had war thrust upon hie. crease every time. The fact is that had the
Sot.ure. To hint will come one of the greatest Our position in South Vietnam is; not lik, a policy of the President been adopted in 1946,
: il.isfactions known to man. Thomas Jeffer- Norrnsndy beachhead. It is more like a instead of 1966, there would be peace in the
r +n thought; so much of his contribution in Dnn;eirk. The President is in the same po.;:- Pacific right now.
erns field that lie omitted mentioning that thin as Winston Churchill in 1940. He is it,
hi was President of the United States, but receiver in bankruptcy of the policy uf f From the Des Moines (Iowa) Register, 1 1,
su rationed that; he was founder of the Uni- appeasement. Appeasement has brought 4, 19661
r rtv of Virginia in his will. President our affairs in Asia to this sad state. Coo- WISE EATING TIED TO HEALTH
.1 linson's (treat Seer 't.y has is its corner- tinned appeasement will not only lose Viet-
:, pie the founding if a. great many schools nam, it will lose us our Asiatic allies and S. Postm IOWAaster told 7t ld 20op former
:: id colleges to give every American child a greatly impair our Atlantic Alliance a press r.~t L of persons s-
c loner, to develop his talent. Once a politi- . a press conference at Loral College Thur
o t party in this country could stand for oiler as pblood11swe at, and tears; but if Iwas pushi ge himself awaycfromgthe dinner
c e .tion on a. platform merely of a full dinner attempt to run away the pressure will ill- table.
1, it. Then it advanced to a gchiiceen in every crease every time. The fact is that had tl.e James A. Farley served as national Demo.
p of '['hen a car ill every garage. policy of the President; been adopted in 1946, cratle chairman before he was appointed
Blow President Johnson has abandoned this instead of 19666, there would be peace in the Postmaster General by President Franklin l)
nat.erial approach. He stands on a platform Pacific right now.
Roosevelt.
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ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
C
people in his broad-based program for South
Vietnam. The time is late and the opposi-
tion of the Communist enemy is great. But
the President's goals are, we believe, sincere
and should be given every chance to succeed.
In seeking strength to carry on the war,
joined by a renewed effort to build social and
economic progress into South Vietnamese In-
stitutions, the President admittedly is un-
dertaking a monumental task.
Our enemy in Vietnam, the Vietcong, hold
only about 25 percent of the country. Never-
theless, Vietcong units are capable of striking
widely to destroy peaceful programs insti-
tuted by United States and Saigon forces.
This has happened repeatedly. It will
happen again. To overcome such a pattern
will require tremendous effort and manpower.
Such a policy, however, is the price of
standing firm in Vietnam.
The President's new stance already is being The American college student today is be-
be-
vilified see the y many prominent Americans
as a who Ing subjected to a bewildering and dangerous
see thattempt to justify Honolulu lu either conspiracy perhaps unlike any social chal-
crudeattept to sca "wrong"
of wrong" American war orlenge ever before encountered by our youth.
fi a prelude to vast t escalation many campuses he faces a turbulence
fighting power is in fine but Vietnam. all too often the built on unrestrained individualism, repul-
rDiidene ti is attacked it by people who shoot sive dress and speech, outright obscenity,
from th hip. the criticisms- disdain for moral and spiritual values, and
war the hAmong the "the disrespect for law and order. This move-
war is r:ng badly; let's get out ut while r ee ment, commonly referred to as the "new left,"
in th -
Os: "we shouldn't have gone there complex in its deceitful absurdity and
in the first place." characterized by its lack of commonsense.
The validity of the statements
issues of must be Fortunately, a high percentage of the
m tion'sd against e commitments, broader
not t simply South more than 3 million full-time college stu-s VetR but in Thailand and elsewhere. S Sdents are dedicated, hardworking, and seri-
Vietnm but in Thailouth ous-minded young people; however, their
There i criticism from other people who good deeds and achievements are greatly
refuse se b arch for the statement the le nemd. overshadowed by those who are doing a tre-
The search fopeace must be e maintained. mendous amount of talking but very little
But this should not include calling the thinking.
President deaf every time a new rumor floats Much of this turmoil has been connected
from Hanoi ease (and Here is what Hanoi has said with a feigned concern for the vital rights
affairs is the cur-
"The about peace e we
internal think it
South of free speech, dissent, and petition. Hard-rent Vietnam must settled accordance with core fanatics have used these basic rights
Vietnam Vietcong. our democratic society to distort the
the progra statement oe the eavg. issues and betray the public. However, mil-
Such a tment leaves little room for lions of Americans, who know from experi-initiative in not ot u American der hundred med
s eds We loyal can- ence that freedom and rights also mean duties
namese t to te whims t of the Vietcong. and responsibilities, are becoming alarmed
Nor can eo the f over the anarchistic and seditious ring of
Hr can we agree t thImplicit these campus disturbances. They know lib-
Ha: ern that the Vietcong Is the "legal" view "legal" gov- t- erty and justice are not possible without law
nm e nt o of f South Vietnam. ietnam. and order.
Given the benefit of hindsight, many
well l as
Americans would not choose involvement in The other Csubversive ommunist Party, groups, U.S.A., jubilant as s
a
a war such as that which exists in South these new rebellious activities, The unvar-
con-
fitted awe, should a have war nished truth is that the Communist con-
Vietnam. on committed-we,
have made ou rwh s irac is seizing this insurrectionary climate
have madour force fece felt t In in overwhelming to c captivate the thinking of rebellious-
But tn. the confrontation for President youth and coax them into the Com-
which exists today. . We t John- think munist movement itself or at least agitate
e them into serving the Communist cause.
te is that following his
the oluannouncements ith So South Vietnamese lmeeting This is being accomplished primarily by a
mthan two-pronged oiYenaive-a much-publicized
indicate with ate he is seeking g to salvage e more leaders
honor from this war. college speaking program and the campus-
He is seeking positive things: helping an oriented Communist W. E. B. DuBois Clubs of
embattled. ally militarily and, at the same America. Therefore, the Communist influ-
time, trying to advance the social reforms ence is cleverly injected into civil disobedi-
which South Vietnam needs for survival. ence and reprisals against our economic, po-
The President's critics should keep those litical, and social system.
things in mind in their search for answers There are those who scoff at the signift-
that are, admittedly, difficult. canoe of these student flareups, but let us
make no mistake: the Communist Party does
, Message From the Director
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, in an-
other example of his excellent service to
the public, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover
has discussed the attempt by the Com-
A745
munist Party to gain new inroads abundantly clear. We have already seen the
through working on college campuses. effects of some of their stepped-up activities,
and I
Writing in the February 1966 issue cif firmly believe a vast majority of the
American public is disgusted and sickened
the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Di- by such social orgies. One recourse is to
rector Hoover states that the college support and encourage the millions of youth
student. of today is being subjected to a who refuse to swallow the Communist bait.
"bewildering and dangerous conspiracy tot we do let It be known far and wide
perhaps unlike any social challenge ever let demagoges we do not make a to staendd idly by
our laws
before encountered by our youth."
He says and
and demolish the foundation of our Republic.
H that the Communist cause is JOHN EDGAR HOOVER,
being promoted primarily through a two- Director,
pronged offensive, a college speaking FEBRUARY 1, 1966.
program and campus-oriented Commu-
nist W. E. B. DuBois Clubs of America.
Under leave to extend my remarks I
submit Mr. Hoover's article for inclusion
not consider them insignificant. The partici-
pants of the new left are part of the 100,000
"state-of-mind" members Gus Hall, the
party's general secretary, refers to when he
talks of party strength. He recently stated
the party is experiencing the greatest up-
surge in its history with a "one to two thou-
sand" increase in membership in the last
year.
For the first time since 1959, the party
plans a national convention this spring. We
can be sure that high on the agenda will
be strategy and plans to win the new left
and other new members. A Communist stu-
dent, writing in an official party organ, re-
cently stated, "There is no question but that
the new left will be won."
Thus, the Communists' intentions are
Reforms Proposed for Foreign Aid
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. HALE BOGGS
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, the Presi-
dent has proposed major reforms in the
foreign aid program. The new program
is directed toward those countries ready
and willing to help themselves.
The New Orleans Times-Picayune
commented on these proposals in a very
timely and thought-provoking editorial
entitled "Reforms Proposed for Foreign
Aid." The editorial pointed out that em-
phasis "will be placed on self-help proj-
ects in education, health, agriculture,
and population control designed to assist
underdeveloped nations in developing
the human resources upon which eco-
nomic development depends."
Because the editorial is timely, I have
permission to include it in its entirety in
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
REFORMS PROPOSED FOR FOREIGN AID
A bold step toward bringing order and effi-
ciency to the foreign aid program, proposed
in the Senate last year and then killed, has
been urged again by President Johnson in the
foreign aid bill for 1967 presented to the
Congress this week.
In essence, what the President has pro-
posed is a 5-year authorization (instead of
1 year) to enable long-range planning of ma-
jor projects, principally in the areas of edu-
cation, health, and agriculture where quick
solutions to age-old problems are simply not
possible. The President also has advocated
the separation of economic and military as-
sistance, as advocated last year by Senator
FULBRIGHT, Democrat, of Arkansas. This may
complicate the task of moving the bill
through Congress, but it should also explain
the philosophy and policy goals underlying
the massive assistance programs.
The administration's conviction in the wis-
dom of these reforms is indicated by the re-
duced money request: $3.38 billion was
asked for 1967, $236 million less than for the
current year, in the belief that lower prices,
transportation costs, and other efficiencies
will actually increase the volume of com-
modities to be shipped abroad.
Opposition to similar reforms last year
centered in the House of Representatives and
In maverick corners of the Senate, most not-
ably in Senator WAYNE MORSE, Democrat, of
Oregon. A Senate amendment embracing a
2-year authorization, separation of military
and economic aid, and a commission to rec-
ommend policy goals was discarded in the
House-Senate conference committee, but
with stipulations that the proposals would
again be considered this year.
Basis for the opposition is an understand-
able reluctance in Congress to relinquish
annual review of foreign aid operations.
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A746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX February 15,
However, the shifting focus of foreign aid,
outlined by Mr. Johnson, seems to minimize
these objections. Emphasis under the pro-
grams proposed will be placed on self-help
projects in education, health, agriculture,
and population control designed to assist un-
derdeveloped nations in developing the hu-
man resources upon which economic
development depends.
These are undertakings that cannot be
planned year by year, and, if successful,
promise significant foreign policy gains for
the United States. Congress, furthermore,
will still have an opportunity for annual re-
view of the program before making the final
appropriations.
Fairfax County Chamber of Commerce
Commends Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WATKINS M. ABBITT
U.+' VIRGINIA
IN TIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Speaker, through-
out America, there has been a great deal
of concern and discussion over the pro-
posed repeal of section 14(b) of the Taft-
Hartley Act. The recently concluded
debate in the Senate was, I believe, in-
dicative of the widespread public concern
over this issue.
I recently noted a news release put
out by the Fairfax Chamber of Com-
merce, of Fairfax, Va., commending
Senator HARRY F. BYRD, JR., for his stand
in opposition to the proposed repeal.
Senator BYRD, who has served in the
Senate just a short time, has strongly
favored our State right-to-work laws and
has effectively presented his views in this
connection. Having served in the State
Senate of Virginia for 18 years and hav-
ing a wide background both in public life
and in business, he is most familiar with
this overall issue.
It is my pleasure to have the text of the
news release published by the Fairfax
County Chamber of Commerce and the
accompanying resolution printed at this
place in the RF,corn.
FAIRFAX COUNTY CIIAMBF_R COMMENDS
: ENATOB. HARRY F. BYRD, JR.
,Senator HARRY FLOOD BYRD, JR.. was offi-
cially commended today by the Fairfax
County Chamber of Commerce, board of di-
rectors for his firm stand in support of
section 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act," an-
nounced Chamber President R. Brandon
Marsh.
"Our directors voted unanimously to con-
gratulate Senator BYRD," said Marsh. "and for
.he restatement, ne the Fairfax County Cham-
ber's continued opposition to the repeal of
this measure." The following is the official
statement of the directors:
"Together with Senator BYRD, the Fairfax
County Chamber of Commerce unalterably
opposes repeal of section 14(b). Members of
be chamber admire their Senator's defense
of this law which permits States to forbid
unions and employers to force a man to join
the union or be fired.
"We believed in the rights granted under
14:(b), which 19 States exercised to pass laws
prohibiting so-called union shop clauses in
labor agreements; when the union shop
makes union membership a condition of
holding a job. We join Senator BYRD in his
dedication to the principle that a person
has the right to work with the freedom of
choice to join or not to join a labor union.
"We believe the worker's freedom of choice
should not be taken away from him and sold
to the highest bidder in the market place of
the bargaining table.
"Accordingly, the Fairfax County Cna.mber
of Commerce adopts the following resolution
commending Senator BYRD for his coura-
geous opposition to the repeal of section
14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act:
"Whereas Senator HARRY FLOOD BYRRD, JR.,
has eloquently defended and supported sec-
tion 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act before
the U.S. Senate on behalf of his Virginia
constituents; and,
"Whereas the Fairfax County Chamber of
Commerce desires to join Senator BYRD and
the majority of Virginia's citizens in uttalter-
ably opposing repeal of section 14(b); and,
"Whereas there is pending in the Congress
of the United States legislation which at-
tempts to void the right-to-work laws of
Virginia and 18 other States; and
"Whereas these State laws preserve the
decision to join or not to join a labor union
as an individual right left to the exercise
of one's own conscience; and,
,' Whereas Virginians admire their Scna-
mr's stanch defense of this law which per-
mits Virginia and her sister States t? pro-
:ribit unions and employers from forcing a
person to join a union or be fired: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved, by the board of directors of the
Fairfax County Chamber of Commerce, in a
meeting assembled at Evans Farm Inn Fair-
jax County, Va., on February 8, 1966. That
we hereby congratulate Senator HARRY FLOOD
BYRD, JR., for his defense of section 14(b)
of the Taft-Hartley Act; and declares the
chamber's continued unalterable opposition
to its repeal; be it further
"Resolved, That all Representatives of
Virginia serving in the Congress of the
United States are urged to continue their
support of this position."
La Porte,, Ind., Herald-Argos, Praises Ap-
pointment of Dr. Robert C. Weaver, as
First Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN BRADEMAS
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I have
unanimous consent to insert in the 1ZEC-
or:D an editorial from the La Porte, Ind.,
Herald-Argus, of January 19, 1966, prais-
ing the appointment of the distingui,hed
Secretary of Housing and Urban Dewel-
opment, Dr. Robert C. Weaver,
The tribute and much deserved ogle to
Dr. Weaver follows:
New CABINET POST
When the U.S. Senate confirmed with lit a
dissenting voice appointment of Robert C.
Weaver, as the first Negro in American his-
tory to sit in the President's Cabinet, a vital
breakthrough for :integration was achi,'ved.
It was an isolated example of the movement
toward equality for the minority race It
was also recognition again that quality
pointments rarely encounter roadblock in
the Senate. Weaver's abilities and qualifi-
cations are beyond question.
More important than Weaver's becoming
the first of his race to occupy a Cabinet posi-
tion is the fact of the new Federal Depart-
ment of Housing and Urban Development;
which he heads. When the issue of whether
such a department should be created was
before Congress there was doubt that such
a Department was needed or desirable.. Now
there is more important evidence than ever
that the American city typically is sick even
while more people than ever flock within its
gates.
It has been demonstrated too that the im
mense problems which create and multiply
the illness cannot be met and solved by the
municipalities alone, unaided and uncoor.-
dina.ted. There must be assistance, fiscal,
technical, legal, from State and Federal
Governments.
Seventy percent of us now live in urbar.
areas, in cities and towns and suburbs. And
the percentage grows higher with every pass-
ing day. As population increases the decay
of the inner cores of our municipalities be-
comes more marked. The poor and under-
privileged move in as the well to do leave.
Tax base is lost. Slums and ghettos become
worse. The automobile is choking the life
out of the inner city as traffic multiplies
much faster than ways to deal with it.
Crime becomes a graver problem as the hous-
ing blight worsens. Downtown business
areas shrink and suffer.
This urban malaise afflicts communities of
all sizes and locations. The general prob-
lems are common all over the Nation. And
they seem to grow more serious from year
to year.
This brandnew Department has as its pur-
pose the coordinating under Federal laws
the rehabilitation and development of urban
areas everywhere. It will be the agency de-
voted to helping; cities and towns overcome
the decay and the complex matters of trans-
port, housing, beautification, health, safety,
cultural growth. Every community will have
to do much on its own, but the Federal
agency should be the assisting means to
great renewal and development in the teem-
ing areas where by far most Americans live
today.
The Serbian Fight for Independence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today
we join the Serbians throughout the
world in commemorating the revolt for
independence from the Turks which was
led by the famed Karageorge. Unfor-
tunately, the Serbian people are now
captives of communism, and this great
holiday is forbidden in their homeland
by their present dictator, Tito.
On this historic day we must rededi-
cate ourselves to our efforts to see flint
freedom is restored to the brave people:
of Serbia and all the other captives of
communism.
The great Serbian leader Karageol' e
offered his life and fortune to rid Serbia
of the oppressive rule of the Turks and
the Serbians were victorious in their
fight for independence and freedom.
Serbia achieved international recogni-
tion when the Treaty of Bucharest, x .is
s'gned in 1812 and secured a limited
autonomy.
Mr. Speaker, we must not only observe
historic events such as the Serbian fight
for independence in words, but in deeds
as well. I urge, therefore, that a Special
House Committee on Captive Nations be
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February 15, 966
%q"ffl900V0020002-4
Fo628M2EFFP6R
established to study 'the present condi-
tions of oppression under which the Ser-
bians and other captive peoples are
suffering.
Furthermore, the Voice of America
should provide more effective and
lengthier broadcasts to pierce the wall
of Communist propaganda and deliver
the truth to the brave people of Serbia.
In recent years, Mr. Speaker, the Voice
of America has been reducing both its
hours of broadcast in the Serbian lan-
guage and in the natuer of these broad-
casts. The Voice of America gives only
straight news and under present admin-
istration policy, is fearful of offending
the Soviet Union. However, the brave
Serbian people deserve the truth, and
the Voice of America should give it to
them in order that their resistance to
communism be strengthened.
The Job Corps in Idaho
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. COMPTON I. WHITE, JR.
OF IDAHO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. WHITE of Idaho. Mr. Speaker,
Members of this body who have unjustly
criticized the Job Corps, singling out
Idaho for their attacks, may be enlight-
ened on learning of the reaction in Idaho
to their attempts to undermine the Na-
tion's antipoverty program. I believe
Lewiston Morning Tribune editorial
writer Bill Hall has expressed very well
the indignation of the average Idaho cit-
izen.
The editorial, published on February
10, follows:
CONGRESSMEN, KIDS AND LAW OF THE JUNGLE
The bulk of the Job Corps men have little
if any high school, they are largely unskilled
and virtually unemployable. They were fu-
ture candidates for the relief rolls and the
Nation's prisons until the Job Corps pro-
vided them with an alternative.
It is commendable that this Nation is
willing-over the objections of Qum and
GOODELL -to try to reclaim the few young
toughs from the big cities who are en-
rolled. But the bulk of those enrolled
in the Job Corps are from every section of
the Nation. They are the children of south-
ern sharecroppers, of Idaho Indigents, and
California fieldworkers. Some are orphans,
the children of no one.
Anyone who believes the corps is a Gov-
ernment-sponsored gang of hoodlums should
visit the Cottonwood Job Corps Center just
outside of the town of Cottonwood. He
will discover eager youngsters with a re-
markable esprit de corps. And many of
them do not take kindly to suggestions their
camp is filled with incorrigibles. A reporter
from this newspaper interviewed several
Cottonwood corpsmen on that point last
summer.
"That's a bunch of bunk," said one of
them in what is probably an accurate ap-
praisal of the comments this week by the
two Congressmen.
Of course, some politicians out to shoot
down a Federal program are not above using
the material they have, whether it is rep-
resentative or not.
Talk about law of the jungle.
Foreign Commercial Fishing Is Damaging
Our Sports Fishing
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, most
of our citizens are unaware that the ex-
cellent sports fishing long available in
the coastal waters bounding the North
American Continent is being subjected
to severe injury. This injury results
chiefly from the entry of foreign fishing
vessels into waters close to our coasts
and the use by these vessels of commer-
cial fishing techniques which take many
tons of sports fish from the seas im-
mediately off our shores. The conse-
quence is that a major source of recrea-
tion for many thousands of persons is
being damaged severely and the liveli-
hood of the many persons who provide
equipment and services to sports fisher-
men is affected adversely. The problem,
as well as the difficulty of finding a good
solution, is explained clearly in an ar-
ticle by Martin Kane in the January 31,
1966, issue of Sports Illustrated. This
article was inserted in the RECORD for
February 14, 1966, at page A713, by the
Young men being given the first oppor-
tunity of their lives to learn to read and
write, to acquire the social graces and to
become responsible citizens have enough of
a bErden without being poleaxed by politi-
cally motivated Congressmen in a sweeping
and unfair generalization.
Representatives ALBERT H. QuIE, Republi-
can, of Minnesota, and CHARLES E. GOODELL,
Republican, of New York, have landed on an
isolated incident at an Idaho Job Corps Cen-
ter and pictured it as somehow typical of a
program with which they disagree.
They have questioned the handling by
Job Corps officials of a stabbing at the Moun-
tain Home Center, saying it has encouraged
corpsmen to believe that "the law of the
jungle prevails" in the camp.
To assume one incident is somehow typical
of the young men in the Job Corps makes
about as much sense as assuming that' all
Congressmen are as irresponsible in their
wild generalizations as Representatives QuiE
and GOODELL.
Critics of the program have always been
quick to jump to the inaccurate conclu-
sions that Job Corps centers are populated
only by young toughs from the big city.
There are such types at the centers, but they
are not in the majority, and they usually ac-
cept rehabilitation or wash out.
The Job Corps and its remarkable parent,
the Civilian Conservation Corps of the 1930's,
were never intended as Boy Scout camps.
Most Boy Scouts don't require rehabilitation.
They already know how to read and write,
and they stand an excellent chance of learn-
ing a trade or going to college once they
complete high school.
man from Florida [Mr, SIKES]. I COm- structive war that is not in their interests
mend it to the attention of my colleagues alone, if our own declared objectives are to
and the public, be believed. To them we have an obligation
Mr. Speaker, I would support efforts of conscience. The people of this country
will support a vast expansion of expenditures
which can legally be taken by appropriate for the care and rehabilitation and rescue of
authorities of our National Government thousands of homeless people who have
to provide relief from this depredation. found themselves, through no fault of their
Such efforts should extend to negotiation own, in the midst of military operations.
of new international agreements if More than 20 years of experience with the
necessary. sponsor-client relationships between great
A747
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROY H. McVICKER
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. McVICKER. Mr. Speaker, having
tried energetic and farfiung efforts to
negotiate a peace, this administration
has now met with South Vietnamese
leaders to establish better means of re-
sisting aggression and meanwhile, to car-
ry out extensive economic and social re-
forms.
What theHonolulu conference accom-
plished, according to the Washington
Post, was "to bring together officials who
are going to have to work together if the
war is to be skillfully conducted and if
the restoration of the country is to go
forward." It was a good thing to bring
them together.
I feel that the editorial makes a clear
and honest summary of what was ac-
complished at the Honolulu conference,
and with the conviction that others may
want to see this article, I offer it for pub-
lication in the RECORD:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Feb. 10,
1966]
HONOLULU
The Honolulu conference did not produce
any dramatic decisions to expand the war or
any miracles to terminate it. There is no
evidence that officials of either participating
country expected it to do so, but apparently
some of the spectators did. They are dis-
appointed.
What the conference did do. and what it
obviously was intended to do from the begin-
ning, was to bring together officials who are
going to have to work together if the war is
to be skillfully conducted and if the restora-
tion of the country is to go forward. It was
a good thing to bring them together.
The statements by the two delegations and
the communique issued Wednesday were not-
able for two declarations. One was the com-
mon declaration that the countries are in
accord upon continued diplomatic efforts for
peace. The other was the very evident re-
emphasis of joint objectives in favor of the
reconstruction of the country and the
achievement of political, social, and economic
reforms.
The clarification of the positions of the
two countries on these points alone would
justify the conference. It certainly can be
pointed out that General Ky's comments
later indicate a continuing unwillingness
to negotiate with the Vietcong that is not
wholly in accord with American attitudes
on the National Liberation Front. There is
still work to be done on the joint bargaining
position, but the Honolulu declarations make
it clear that we are further along than we
..were when Secretary Rusk last visited Saigon.
The increased emphasis on social and eco-
nomic programs is still on paper, and it needs
urgently to be transferred into acts. The
unfortunate people of South Vietnam are
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CONGRESSIONAI. RECORD - APPENDIX February 1,5, i90G
and small powers have not solved all of the
problems involved in such difficult diplomatic
relationships. Honolulu did not solve them
either. They may be in large part insoluble,
But if thy are soluble at all it is by such
efforts to arrive at a common understanding
on objectives and means of reaching them.
Misgivings have been expressed about the
tendency of such high-level conferences to
bind us more inseparably to the fate of a.
South Vietnam Government in which there
are signs of instability. But the very act of
waging a common war is an endeavor in
which the participants cannot avoid a degree
of intimacy or escape a certain identification
with each other. It is a little late to do
anything about that, much as it may worry
us.
The administration made an energetic, if
so far unsuccessful, effort to negotiate a
peace. That having failed, it has set about
trying to perfect better means of resisting
aggression and reforming the economic and
social conditions of South Vietnam. There
does not seem to be any alternative.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK E. EVANS
IF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. EVANS of Colorado. Mr, Speak-
er-
The war in Vietnam is long, hard, and cost-
ly. But it is a war for a worthy people's
freedom. We applaud President Johnson's
recognition of that fact.
These are the words of the Christian
Science Monitor, which commends-in
the strongest possible way-the firm
stand taken by this administration to
fight the war against Communist aggres-
sion, and to insist on measures which
will give the people of that war-torn
land an opportunity for a good and de-
cent life.
The newspaper points out that the
President's trip to Hawaii was vastly im-
portant because, for one reason, it
brought the problems into sharper focus.
Its editorial quotes the President:
Our stand must be as firm as ever, * -
aggression must he stopped * * * those who
counsel retreat * * * belong to a group that
has always been blind to experience and
deaf to hope.
As the Monii,ol' says, these are very
strong words, but they reestablish the
fundamental and justifiable reason for
American efforts and sacrifices in Viet-
nam.
In the firm belief that the Monitor's
"Restatement of Purpose" editorial will
be read by others with interest and en-
tightment, I would like to make it avail-
able to them, and therefore ask that it
be inserted in the RECORD.
The editorial follows:
J Prom time Christian Science Monitor, Feb. 9,
1;3661
ILESTAT`rMF.NT OF PURPOSE
Now that President Johnson has gone to
Hawaii, it suddenly becomes clear just how
badly sflch a step had been needed. Al-
though the visit; has solved no problems, it
has helped bring many of them back into
sharper focus. After nearly a month and a
half of doubts, debates, peace efforts, disap-
pointed hopes, and renewed bombings. it was
apparent that some fudarnental restatement
of Washington's aims was necessary.
The President dealt bluntly with one of
these aims when he said that "our stand
must be as firm as ever," that aggression
must be stopped, and that those who "coun-
sel retreat * a. * belong to it group that has
always been blind to experience and deaf to
hope." These are very strong words But
they are words which, so far as they go, re-
establish the fundamental and justifiable
reason for American efforts and sacritlces in
Vietnam.
They must be and are accompanied by
ether words. These latter area reiteration of
Washington's determination to continue un-
flaggingly seeking peace while repelling im-
perialism. Simultaneously, we welcome the
assurance that America will press forward
far more strongly with the effort to reach
and win over the uncommitted Vietnamese
peasantry without whose sympathy tha? long
range outlook may well be hopeless.
We believe that the peasantry can be
reached. Like people everywhere. the
average Vietnamese wishes primarily to be
eft alone, to live in dignity, security,
rod moderate well-being. We believe that
with a. strong enough military effort, a
sufficiently large portion of the corentry-
ade can be pacified to enable Saigon to put
new and better conceived rural programs into
feet. But this effort can never be made if
Washington hesitates to commit the man-
power, firepower, and machinepower neces-
sary. '
Regardless of what many say, we rind it
hard to believe that, at bottom, the Commu-
nist leaders in North Vietnam and within the
National Liberation Front. (Vietcong) ate not
realists. If Moscow has recognized (and
there is reason to believe that it has, that
the chance of a Communist military ca tory
has gone, we see no reason to believe that
Hanoi will not eventually become a;, per-
ceptive.
Furthermore, the Communists huve a
graceful--and democratic--way out. They
can still seek to win Vietnam in the only
morally permissible way. This is through
the ballot box and under a constitution
which guarantees the freedom of all political
points of view, a guarantee, incidentally,
conspicuously inoperative in North Vietnam.
The war in Vietnam is long, hard, and
costly. But it is a, war for a worthy people's
freedom. We applaud President Johnson's
recognition of that fact.
E'XTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE M. RHODES
OF PENNSYLVANIA
LPN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania, Mr.
Speaker, there has been much confusion
over the question of the Lr.S_ involvement
in Vietnam.
Some critics charge that the Johnson
administration has a no-win policy and
is not doing enough with its military
might.
Some light is thrown on this question
by an editorial by Bob Gerhart i n a
recent issue of the New Era. The New
Era is a weekly AFL-CIO paper published
in Reading, Pa.
With Permission of the House, Mr.
Speaker, I include this editorial with
my remarks:
How do you win in South Vietnam? That
question, in my humble opinion, is the basic
one which must be resolved before you cart
cast your vote for either the hawks (resume
bombing) or the doves (don't resume bomb-
ing) in the increasingly costly and COW using:
tangle in Asia.
If you go back a few years when all we had
in Saigon were so-called advisers, the big
problem facing the South Vietnam regime
was survival. Communists from the north
had infiltrated villages, assumed community
control, and developed a guerrilla operation
that defied opposition. Presumably, the
days were numbered for Saigon and fall 01
the nation's independence appeared to be
imminent.
As a nation we were committed to help
South Vietnam stay alive. Our advisers were
increased, along with arms. A few provoca-
tions such as the Bay of Tonkin episode con-
. gealed the Nation's emotions and suddenly
Uncle Sam had planted both feet in the land
of rice. Then a theory emerged that if South
Vietnam could hold off the northern raiders
during the monsoon season it would be a
simple matter for the United States to clean
house and restore independence. Unfortu-
nately that's not how the script evolved.
American forces, now numbering about
200,000 and still rising, established beach-
heads and patrols and began to move into
the jungles and tall grass with the ubiquitous
helicopters, ferreting out the elusive Cong.
As GI Joes came face to face with the Com-
munist warriors of the north, people here at
home started talking tough and demanding
the bombing of North Vietnam. That would
knock the Vietcong out of the box, we were
told.
But it didn't. If anything, the bombing
hardened the determination and tenacity of
the Communists to continue the battle, and
they poured more men and weapons down
the Ho Chi Minh. trail in Laos. More Amer-
ican planes entered the fray, firing on foot
soldiers, bombing ammunition and oil sup-
plies, and generally harassing the Reds.
Meanwhile, here at home, the marchers
walked for peace until President Johnson
waged his global peace offensive and the
North Vietnamese thumbed their nose at
L.B.J.'s diplomatic overtures to every capi-
tal in the world. This peace offensive began
during a Christmas truce and with the halt-
ing of bombing the north. President Joiin-
son, a beleagured. man who faced one of the
gravest decisions any human being could
face, has resumed bombing.
It is in this context that the hawks
screamed for resumption of bombing and the
doves cooed that the bombing did no good
when conducted previously and if resumed
can only invite Communist retaliation
against Saigon and other South Vietmiam
targets. The hawks make it, sound is tliou'rh
bombing of the north will win the war.
When you ask, "But what if the Chinese
enter the fray?" the hawks fearlessly cry,
"Then bomb China with nuclear weapon;;
if necessary. But win we must." How
you win?
And suppose our nuclear bombing brings
Russia in as an enemy, what then? "13na;b
Russia, too," the hawks arrogantly cry. And
what if we do bomb Russia and the Russians
touch off intercontinental ballistic missiles
which deliver nuclear warheads into Trines
Square in New York--or Detroit, Michigan--
or Cape Kennedy and the rocket center at
Houston? Who wins then?
You think it can't happen? Don't kid
yourself. Once the trigger is pulled and
world war III begins, we've reached the point
of no return. This is what the doves in
Washington are trying to say. They believe
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February 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL
that Americans and South Vietnam forces
can consolidate their position in the south
and gradually clean out pockets of resistance
without raining bombs on North Vietnam
and without leaving the South Vietnamese
people defenseless. During such an inter-
lude our edonomic and educational aid to
the starving and injured people might bear
fruit. And in the forum of world opinion
we undoubtedly could reap goodwill in such
large quantities that mankind would really
respect us as a peace-loving nation com-
manding the respect of everyone. The doves
do not propose withdrawal from the south
leaving the people at the mercy of the ravag-
ing Communists. But they do recognize that
a stalemate, much like the one in Korea, is
in the best interests of the American people
and the human race. Standing firm on a
line drawn by us is not appeasement. Hawks
constantly need new prey to feed on. Presi-
dent Johnson should remember that his
predecessor learned it the hard way, too-
at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba.
VFW Commander Urges North Vietnam
Ship Blockade
1V i
HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker,
recently the national commander of the
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States, Mr. Andy Borg, issued a state-
ment calling for the establishment of a
blockade against shipping into North
Vietnam. Because of the deep concern
of many in Congress and throughout the
country about the continued assistance
being rendered by free world ships es-
pecially, I believe that the views of the
spokesman. for one of our leading vet-
erans' organizations clearly deserve wide
circulation. Under leave to extend my
remarks in the RECORD, I wish to include
the release entitled "VFW Commander
Urges North Vietnam Ship Blockade":
VFW COMMANDER URGES NORTH VIETNAM SHIP
BLOCKADE
WASHINGTON, D.C., February 8.-National
commander of the Veterans of Foreign Wars
of the United States, Mr. Andy Borg, of Su-
perior, Wis., today urged the immediate es-
tablishment of a blockade against shipping
into North Vietnam.
Explaining the VFW position, Commander
Borg said, "with the continuing intensifica-
tion and growth of the was in South Vietnam
the time has come to face up to the steady
procession ? of ships delivering material to
North Vietnam. These ships bring the
weapons, bullets, and war material used to
kill American troops and those of our allies."
"The way to stop this overseas support of
the Communist aggression is to impose a
quarantine type of blockade to prevent the
warmaking cargoes from reaching North
Vietnamese ports."
Continuing, Commander Borg said, "what
is required is the kind of blockade or quar-
antine such as the late President Kennedy
established around Communist Cuba during
the missile crisis. Such a quarantine Is not
an act of war. It is essentially a means of
preventing warmaking and war-supporting
material from reaching the aggressor. Thus,
an effective blockade would reduce the Com-
munist warmaking ability and would be a
step toward ending the war. Such a quar-
antine-or Pacific blockade-is well recog-
nized under international law. It could be-
come an act of war only if the nations whose
ships are blockaded decide to so consider it
wild attempt'to shoot their way through."
"It is important to keep in mind," the
VFW commander said, "that ships of the So-
viet Union, when confronted by the quaran-
tine in the missile crisis In Cuba, turned
back and did not try to force their way
through the blockade-"
Commander Borg, who visited combat
areas in South Vietnam recently, said that
supply is a%serious problem for the Com-
munists in Vietnam. "It is extremely doubt-
ful that the Communists could keep up or-
ganized aggression without the cargoes be-
ing brought into North Vietnam by ships."
"It-is not generally appreciated," he said,
"how much cargo is shipped into North Viet-
nam. For instance, in 1965 it's a reasonable
estimate that there were well over 100 free
world ships and probably an equal or larger
amount of Soviet Union and other Com-
munist-bloc ships making North Vietnamese
ports. One of the most effective ways of re-
ducing the Communist aggression is to cut
off this seaborne flow of supplies. This will
save lives and shorten the war."
Commenting on free world shipping into
North Vietnam, the VFW commander said,
"we would have no apologies to make to any
free world nation for blockading their ships
headed for Hanoi, Such trafficking with our
enemy by ships flying free world flags is a
betrayal of our friendship and a disservice
to the cause of freedom throughout the
world."
Concluding, Commander Borg said, "we
have seapower superiority over communism
in the Pacific and southeast Asia. There is
no reason why we should not, therefore, ex-
ploit our advantage."
"If the United States could establish a
quarantine blockade around Cuba, at a time
when American troops were not getting
killed, there is no reason why we shouldn't
impose a similar quarantine against a vi-
cious, aggressive enemy in North Vietnam
who is killing American and allied fighting
men."
Commander Borg emphasized that his rec-
ommendation for a blockade against North
Vietnam was based upon a resolution unani-
mously adopted by the delegates represent-
ing the 1,300,000 overseas combat veterans
who are members of the VFW at their 1965
convention in Chicago.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE R. POOL
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. POOL. Mr. Speaker, the death of
ALBERT THOMAS, Representative from
Houston, is a particularly great loss to
the Texas delegation, of which he was
a senior member. An alumnus of two
fine Texas institutes of higher learning-
Rice University and the University of
Texas, he was also a veteran of World
War I and a distinguished attorney at
law. He came to Washington some 30
years ago to distinguish himself further,
this time as a U.S. Congressman. As the
years passed, he became an important
member of the House Committee on Ap-
propriations, heading several key sub-
A749
committees, and serving on the Joint
Committee on Atomic Energy.
But it is not just for his great public
service that I shall remember ALBERT
THOMAS. I shall first and foremost for-
ever cherish my remembrance of him as
a fine human being and as my friend.
When I first came to Congress in 1963,
Mr. THOMAS was a great help to me in
learning the fine details of the legislative
process. Always considerate and gra-
cious, he was what I think a true gentle-
man must be. A Democrat who contrib-
uted greatly to his party, he was liked and
admired by Democrats and Republicans
alike. He was my friend, and I shall
truly miss him. But even more impor-
tant to note here today is that the loss of
this fine Member of Congress will be felt
by the Nation for many years to come.
The place of such a fine gentleman as
ALBERT THOMAS i5 not easily filled in the
world today. i
Va IN
Can Vietnam War Be Won?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, the more
one reads of the incredible obstacles that
confront those who are trying to save
Vietnam, the more serious becomes the
question of whether the government of
that country will permit it to. be saved.
The odyssey of Mr. H. G. Beck, master
of the SS Louise Lykes, as related to his
employers from Saigon, is almost impos-
sible to believe. It is a story of incompe-
tence at its worst. It is a story of waste
of the American taxpayers' money that
ought to make every citizen of this coun-
try shudder.
Here was ,a vessel, carrying a combined
cargo of rice and military supplies, the
master of which almost had to fight a
war to deliver free to a nation which
claims to be fighting a war.
But read the report. It follows:
SS "LoUISE LYKES,"
Saigon, Vietnam, December 28, 1965.
Mr. R. T. RECKLING,
Assistant Vice President, Operations, Lykes
Bros. Steamship Co., Inc., New Orleans,
La.
DEAR SIB: Following is a report on the de-
lays encountered at Da Nang, Vietnam:
On the way from Japan to Da Nang we
followed our usual custom of sending our
estimated time of arrival as soon as possible.
Since we could not contact the local station
at Danang advised both Manila and Saigon,
requesting the latter to inform Danang. We
happened to hear that the "old" Louise Lykes
was at Da Nang and after that sent our mes-
sages through the old Louise to pass to the
agent at Da Nang. We were informed by the
agent, through the Louise that we would
have a delay of at least 3 weeks before we
would start discharging due to the arrival
of a Liberian vessel with 14,000 tons of rice
the previous day, we passed the information
on to Manila.
December 17: Arrived off pa Nang at 8 p.m.,
but due to heavy weather stayed outside and
hove to, but reported our arrival to the
harbor entrance control, requesting an an-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX February 15, 1,
whorage. We had talked to the Christopher
Lykes, which was also in the bay and were
-dvised not to attempt to enter as the vessels
ie, the bay experienced. very heavy swells and
lugh winds. We had. no intention of entering
we had listened to phone calls from vessels
stating that they were dragging their an-
hors, requesting liew anchorages.
December 18: Approached the entrance
1 o the bay at daybreak and hove to 3 miles
e df, reporting and requesting again to have
:in anchorage assigned to us. The weather
;cad moderated somewhat, but we could not
:>c c the land due to constant rain squalls.
finally, at 1 p.m., received instructions to
uichor 280 degree::, 4,800 yards from Ob-
servatory Light. Entered and anchored in
the middle of the bay, rolling very heavily
end shipping water on deck, laying broadside
fn the swells entering the bay. Talked to
cld Louise and to the Christopher, both of
whom informed us that they had not seen
3.he agent in a couple days due to the bad
weather. Sent a message to the agent
through the local station informing him of
cur arrival.
December L9: No contact yet, no news.
fuforined by another vessel that the "agent
will be out tomorrow" Vessel neither en-
t.~red nor cleared. Lykes Manila wanted to
know best draft we could trim to. In-
D>rmed Manila best draft 30 feet, 6 inches
December 20: Agent did not come aboard.
is o contacts.
December 21: Received message from agent
[:,rough local station, "Wait instructions ad-
vice from Saigon" Clentraco. Received mes-
sage from Manila quoting concern of New
Orleans regarding delay at Danang, request-
ing we explore possibilities of debunkering
at Danang to Louise. Christopher, Ruth, or
any vessel. Called Christopher on the phone,
were told that agent was aboard Christopher.
passed a message from us to agent, also
passed message from Manila to agent, at the
same time demanding that agent come out
to vessel immediately. When the agent came
;,board it became apparent at once that there
was absolutely nothing that he could do
to assist us. Rather than risk further delay
went with agent to Louise to explore possi-
bility of giving bunkers to Louise which
needed them.
found that Louise had neither hose nor
fittings and neither did we. Conditions for
coming alongside in this port are extremely
hazardous clue to swell at times. An old
oil barge which we were going to use as a
render between the vessels was found to have
stank in the meantime. Since the Louise
was ready to sail by this time we continued
ashore with the agent in order to talk to
MATS but were told that they had neither
b..crges, hose, nor fittings, that they would
e:.plore possibilities and let us know. Talk-
ing to the Christopher we found that she
could take 8,000 barrels, had hose, and could
make some sort of fittings. But then the
question of camels or fenders arose. We
could not go in where she was due to our
draft. she was MSTS and working at the
time. MSTS had to be contacted, the Navy
o., tenders located somewhere.
liefore we could pursue the matter further
we received a message from Manila to "pro-
c:aed Manila for dehunkering acknowledge
advising ETA." We had advised Manila re-
garding our efforts and failure up to then.
We might have succeeded in the end, but
valuable time would have been lost as it
would have taken a minimum of a day or
more to coordinate everything, then possibly
another day, with the ever-present possibil-
ity of swell or the inability to obtain suitable
tenders.
Advised the local authorities, harbor en-
trance control, port conrtol, the agent
through the Suomi, o a USNS tanker, that
ice were leaving as soon as we had steam up.
In the meantime we were still trying to con-
tact the Ruth. Lykes at Cam Ranh Bay, ap-
parently a very sheltered place, but were
unable to raise her. Called the local control
stations, since they are in touch with each
other, explaning our difficulties, requesting
permission to use the channel. While sym-
pathetic they did not want to be bothered,
but suggested that we use the local Western
Union. We would have gotten an answer in
a week. MSTS was going to advise us what
they had come up with. We asked how, by
phone? They said their phone did not rei 'h
across the street. they had no insulators on
their antennas. Going ashore with the agent
we .had to wait first while the boat crew
repaired or made adjustments to the motor.
Going ashore it became doubtful whether ve
would be getting back to the ship again.
Communications ire extremely poor.
Sent some radios to Saigon., asking if we
could debunker at Cap St. Jacques, if we
could obtain barges. hoses, fittings? No
answer. We could not raise Cans Ranh Bry.
Later I found out that efforts were being
made at Saigon along those lines, in fact
were in progress while we were calling, but
ended in failure for one- reason or another.
Knowing we have a message at a station we
would call for an hour or two before they
would deign to answer. Saigon for instance
sends her traffic at certain hours and you
either. catch the station then or not at all.
Many times other ships would relay for is
and we would do the same as otherwise no
one would get any messages through except
possibly a few lucky ones.
December 22: Sailed from Da, Nang at 12'30
a.m. and at 9 a.m. advised Manila that we
had sailed, giving our estimated time of
arrival, Manila. Received orders at the same
time canceling the diversion, telling us to
keep in touch with Manila, in the meantime
to remain at Da Nang. Since we were already
160 miles from Da Nang slowed down, heading
south and awaited developments. Since
jettisoning fuel was mentioned we were in
position to do so any time we were ordered
to commence.
We remained in touch with Manila and
Saigon throughout the day and night, ro-
ceivincg and answering instructions, passi,ig
messages from Manila to Saigon, adding our
own requests. In the meantime continued
steaming south slowly in order to be able to
proceed either Manila or Saigon as ordered, it
the same time to be near enough Saigon to
insure making the tide if ordered to jettis,n
fuel.
December 23: at 1:30 a.m., informed Manila
that we were starting to jettison fuel as the
deadline had arrived to jettison, staying far
enough offshore and at the same time male-.e
the tide on the 24th, adding if objection ad-
vise immediately. No answer came back, ;o
we continued to jettison until we felt we we?:?e
light enough to be able to proceed upriver.nh
the tide. I had left myself time as I did not
know how long it would take to jettison that
much fuel, also the speed the ship would
make once we started steaming again. We
did not want to jettison, then fail to make
the tide. It seems our worries were un-
founded. Completed jettisoning at 4 p.rn.
and started for Cap St. Jacques making 20
knots.
During the night, after we picked up ti e
first landmarks, slowed down in. order to enter
Cap St. Jacques during daylight hours.
Arrived and anchored off the Cape at 8 a.m.
Read the draft as well as we could both for-
ward and aft and amidships, port and star-
board and came to the conclusion that we
were on the draft we were supposed to be
on. We still had water 41 the forepeak
which we were going to use to trim, but did
not .ise it for fear of tipping the vessel aft
too much. We had figured. that we would
have to pump half of it out, but left well
enough alone.
Orders came out, by boat saying that we
would. proceed upriver about 1400, also asking
the draft. Informed pilots 29 feet 2 inches,
as read. When the pilot came aboard he alto
asked, we told him 29 feet 2 inches, or 29
feet 10 inches fresh water. When we crossed
the bar, apparently a mere two or three ship
lengths, the vessel never hesitated, did not
slow down, did not stir up mud, just kept
steaming as before. On arrival at Saigon
the draft was found to be 30 feet 3 inches
forward and 29 feet 11 inches aft. The only
berth available were buoys at the lower end
of the harbor. The distance between these
buoys is insufficient for a vessel of this size.
so we made one buoy fast alongside of the
bow and using an anchor, in order to have
the after buoy astern of the vessel. White
being cleared by the local authorities we
were informed the discharge would com-
mence Christmas Day at 7 p.m.
December 25: Barges alongside at 7 p.m..
but no labor. It seems that barge people had
advised everyone that barges could not be
alongside before 2200. No work this day.
December 26: USOM and AID peop:..c
aboard with agent. Commander Fink of
USOM informed me that he had been trying
to line up a large fuel barge to debunker us
at Cap. St. Jacques. At the same time use
junks and barges to discharge part of the
rice while debunkering. He was going to
bring the vessel into the river above Cap. St..
Jacques in order to be in quiet water and
had arranged for a naval patrol to see the.t
we were not surprised by the Vietcong.
Labor costs would have been tripled sending
stevedores that distance (40 miles), but it
would have been still cheaper than jettison-
ing. But he could not get anywhere with
his plan due to the obstructionist attitude of
the local government. He stated that we
needed a permit to discharge at the river-
mouth, then there 'would be trouble bring-
ing the rice to Saigon. When pointing out
that the rice was destined to Vietnam anti
that Cap. St. Jacques is in Vietnam as is
Danang he merely shrugged his shoulders
saying that he could not force people, that.
he could merely advise them. I could only
agreewith him, having dealt with the same
people.
Labor boarded the vessel at 1430 this day
and knocked off again at 1500. The receiver
had failed to obtain a permit at the custom-
house to discharge into lighters. No work
this day. Informed Manila by radio.
December 27, 9 axn.: Two gentlemen from
AID aboard accompanied by a Colonel
Jock(?) from CPA, the Vietnamese Govern-
ment agency receiving the rice. I asked hirn
regarding the debacle the previous day when
the discharge of badly needed rice was
stopped for the lack of a piece of paper, which
is given by one Government agency (cus-
toms) to another (receiver) which after all
is only a matter of form. In the meantime
a very expensive ship is being held up. He
drew his whole 5 feet up and stated that we
do not work on Saturday and Sunday. This
did not sit too well with me and I pointed
out that I not only worked on Saturday and
Sunday, but day and night, every day, so did
everyone else, the crew, the AID people, the
people loading the ship at home, in fact
everyone and one sure thing, the Vietcong
were working. It made no impression on the
gentleman at all. The AID people took oil
in high dudgeon telling the colonel that they
would see the Minister, whoever he is, sonic.
Vietnamese Cabinet officer.
At 1315 five gangs came aboard and started
discharging Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. During;
the day Mr. T. Gleason and five aids came
aboard accompanied. by Commander Fink,
USOM. They are here, as you probably ar e
aware, to use their talents in unsnarling the
local bottleneck by improving coordination.
using labor and barges and other facilities
intelligently. I received the impression that
Mr. Gleason has been here since October,
but from all I can gather while they know
where and what the trouble is, there is very
little that they can do except advise. You
might as well advise the rice to get out under
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February 15, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
its own power, you get just as far as advis-
ing the local yokels. You think you have
troubles?
Mr. Gleason and his gang came back later
during the day. We still had five gangs
working and continued to do so until 2315
when the barges at Nos. 2 and 5 were loaded
and no replacements had arrived. The rest
continued until 0500 the next morning when
the shift ended and the barge at No. 3 was
loaded.
December 28: At 0730 five gangs came,
aboard, two went to work at Nos. 6 and 6,
while the gangs at Nos. 2, 3, and 4 stood by,
waiting for barges. Apparently they only
get paid while they work, because at 10
o'clock, when a half a dozen barges showed
up the labor was gone. Mr. Gleason, ILA
and aids, with a gentleman from AID came
aboard again, watching operations for a
while, pointing out that the load was always
hanging in the air, waiting to be lowered
in the opening in the roof of the barge. The
opening is at one end and the cargo, or
rice, has to be carried clean to the other end
in the barge. Mr. Gleason stated that he
had forwarded a report to Washington in
October, pointing out that they needed large
flat barges, land the cargo on them and cover
it. That is all that happened, no one paid
any attention to it. At the present moment
we have four rice ships here now.
Apparently the rice is not needed as badly
as we think. I heard an aside between the
AID people, saying: "What are we going to
do with it, they are harvesting in the delta
and they will come up with another 200,000
tons." At the present moment we have six empty
barges alongside (2 p.m.) but no labor
on the barges to land and stow the
rice in the barges. While the rice is checked
off the ship, it also must be checked on to
the barge. The barge checkers have not
shown up either. -
I am writing this little epistle from notes
which I am trying to keep in chronological
order. If they are confusing, or if you are
confused, think nothing of it, so am I. I keep
asking questions, prodding the agent and
stevedore, but half the time I do not know
what they are talking about, because while I
received excellent training during my 3-year
sojourn in Turkey, these people can teach
the Turks when it comes to procrastinating
and evading. The agent and stevedore both
are doing their best apparently, but it is also
apaprent that it is not good enough.
We discharged some 1,350 tons of rice yes-
terday up until 5 a.m. today in what may
be called 2 interrupted shifts (lack of
barges etc.). However, most, if not all the
discharged cargo is still alongside. The cargo
has to be discharged into warehouses some
distance from here and the barges returned
for further loading. If the local people could
coordinate their efforts it would be only a
matter of days to discharge a vessel such
as this, but either there is no labor, or no
checkers, or no barges, or the tide is wrong
or too strong or even the lack of a piece
of paper which nullifies all efforts. I have
been informed by Mr. Gleason that there is
no trouble getting labor at any time of the
day or night, so there should be no trouble
on that score.
So far the military cargo has not been
touched. I understand that we will probably
have to shift to another berth in order to
unload, unless the military are willing to un-
load their vehicles into barges. It is too
early to start prodding as some of the stuff
is still buried by the rice, even though No. 1
can be discharged now.
I hope the foregoing is what you had in
mind when you requested that I inform you
of any and all delays. A detailed log will also
be kept and forwarded prior to sailing from
Saigon. In order to keep this epistle down
to manageable size I shall close now, continue
to keep notes and complete it before sailing
from here.
Yours very truly,
H. G. BECK, Master.
Mistakes of McNamara Are Danger to
Nation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN TIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, the
pressure to do something about the mul-
tiplying McNamara errors in judgment
is increasing with the unfolding of every
day. A good example of the tempera-
ment of my constituency is contained in
the following article entitled "Mistakes
of McNamara Are Danger to Nation," by
Henry J. Taylor which recently appeared
in the San Diego Union is in the must-
read category for my colleagues.
I ask unanimous consent to insert this
as a portion of my remarks:
MISTAKES OF MCNAMARA ARE DANGER TO
NATION
(By Henry J. Taylor)
Another of Defense Secretary Robert S.
McNamara's great plans has folded under
him (and under our men in Vietnam) like
a dying camel. But who would know it?
This war is not the administration's war.
It's the American people's war. And the
truth we fail to get is utterly-shamefully-
appalling.
Once again, in the largest matters Mr. Mc-
Namara's judgment apparently vanishes like
a pricked balloon.
Among other examples, the records show
him dead wrong, successively wrong and
wrong on all sides of the Vietnam situation.
In February 1962, Mr. McNamara stated: "By
every quantitative measure we are winning
the war in Vietnam." And so it goes wth
Mr. McNamara.
Now it's about ships. And this brings
us to the facts herein; just one more exam-
ple, but you can frame it:
In testifying to Congress 4 years ago after
returning from Vietnam, Mr. McNamara
stated he had decided to take ships largely
out of the defense picture. Air transport
would be substituted as our primary mili-
tary supply vehicle. This would take the
place of ships "we do not need."
Were Mr. McNamara's computers just
spinning their reels? Representative En-
WARD A. GARMATz, Democrat, of Maryland,
acting chairman of the House Merchant
Marine Committee, and others apparently
told him it would take 260 of the C5A planes
to carry the load of a single C-4-type work-
horse ship. And it would cost eight times
as much per ton mile.
Flanked by his whiz kids, fresh from
their computers, the answer was Mr. Mc-
Namara's same old yakety-yak of leave-it-to-
me, a-one, a-two, a-three.
Well, here it is 4 years later and what is
the truth about what's happened? By the
Defense Department's own records, 2 of every
3 soldiers in Vietnam had to be transported
by ships. As of January 24, 98 percent of the
cargo and supplies for the war went in ships.
But because Mr. McNamara was wrong we
haven't got the ships. Instead, our fighting
men have got the shortages in Vietnam.
When will Mr. McNamara admit that Viet-
nam cargoes are piling up scandalously in
A751
New York, New Orleans, Oakland, Norfolk,
and Baltimore? When will he admit the few
ships he has belatedly reactivated cannot un-
load their cargoes fast enough to get back
here and take on the supplies that are piling
up?
When will he admit that even these few
ships often wait in Vietnam sometimes nearly
3 months, with their supplies undelivered
to our troops because the ships arrive to
find no suitable unloading conditions?
In July, Mr. McNamara finally caved in to
the extent of (quietly) reactivating 50 ships,
and then another 25 or so, from our mothball
fleet. But he demanded a 10-cent job for
their refitting, and practically no time for
testing.
Water, instead of detergent, was quickly
pumped through the boiler tubes. It re-
sulted in a scandal. But who would know
it Unremoved oil sediment and sludge
caused boiler after boiler to blow up or break
down at sea.
Accordingly, Mr. McNamara now needs
ships so badly and so fast that there isn't
time to refit enough in time to move the
cargoes.
Mr. McNamara's computer-backed words
are convincing. His housekeeping in the De-
fense Department is splendid and his re-
markable intelligence fully deserves the
praise received. But intelligence is not the
same as good judgment. And at top levels no
man can claim to have good judgment who
fails to make allowances for the conse-
quences if he is wrong.
This is the first requirement of good judg-
ment. Yet Mr. McNamara repeatedly bets
the very essence of our national security that
he's right, with no place for us to turn if
he's wrong.
To be that bullheaded, that positive you
are right, is dangerous. On his record in the
big questions that really count most, Mr.
McNamara should resign.
Tribute to the Honorable Albert Thomas
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. EDNA F. KELLY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 15, 1966
Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, the loss of
ALBERT THOMAS, as a Representative of
the State of Texas and as a symbol of
great statesmen is an irreplaceable one.
My admiration for him began during
my first days as a Member of Congress
from the State of New York.
All of the outstanding attributes for
which the image seekers of today search,
veritably shone in the great mind, the
wit and above all, the character of Con-
gressman THOMAS. I hasten to join in
tribute today with my colleagues. He
was a gentleman and a scholar.
His magnificent verbal sparring on
the floor of the House of Representatives,
either in the presentation of a supple-
mental budget or in his flawless elucida-
tion of an argument, was eagerly antici-
pated by each and every Member of Con-
gress.
I am grateful to have served with Con-
gressman THOMAS in his capacity as
chairman of the Democratic caucus and
I am proud to have called him my col-
league.
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