OUR OBLIGATION TO TREAT PRISONERS OF WAR HUMANELY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400090008-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: July 20, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

15638,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 20, 1966
"(4) All process of the Labor Court may be
served anywhere in the United States or ahy
Territory or possession thereof."
(19) Section 12 is amended to read as
follows:
"SEc. 12. Any person who shall willfully
resist, prevent, impede, or interfere with the
Administrator or any of his agents or agen-
cies in the performance of duties pursuant
to this Act shall be punished by a fine of
not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for
not more than one year, or both."
(20) Section 14 Is amended by substituting
the words "Labor Court" for "Board" where
the latter appears therein.
(21) Section 18 Is hereby stricken.
SEc. 20. TRANSFER OF PROCEEDINGS TO THE
LABOR COURT.-
On the effective date of this Act, proceed-
ings pending before the General Counsel of
the National Labor Relations Board or before
the National Labor Relations Board shall be
suspended and thereafter transferred as
expeditiously as possible to the Administra-
tor or to the Labor Court in the following
manner:
(1) Proceedings pending before the Gen-
eral Counsel in which no formal action has
been taken shall be transferred to the Ad-
ministrator, who shall dispose of them in
the manner prescribed herein and in ac-
cordance with the provisions of the National
Labor Relations Act, as amended.
(2) Proceedings pending before the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board shall be trans-
ferred to the Labor Court for hearing and
decision, de novo: Provided, however, That
the Labor Court may, at the discretion of the
trial judge, treat any intermediate report
and recommendation issued by a trial ex-
aminer of the National Labor Relations
Board as if it were a report and recommenda-
tion made by a commissioner of the Labor
Court.
(3) Any decision and order issued by the
National Labor Relations Board prior to the
effective date of this Act which has not as of
the effective date of this Act been enforced
or reviewed by a court of appeals having jur-
isdiction under the National Labor Relations
Act, as amended, to enforce and review such
decision shall have full force and effect and
shall be subject to enforcement or review in
accordance with the provisions of section 10
of the National Labor Relations Act as here-
tofore amended. In respect to the enforce-
ment or review of any such case in the courts
of appeals, the Administrator of the Labor
Court shall exercise the function and have
the authority and responsibility vested in
the National Labor Relations Board by the
National Labor Relations Act, as heretofore
amended.
SEc. 21. This Act shall take effect on the
one hundred and eightieth day after the
day of its enactment.
THE MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND
SALES ACT OF 1966-AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 679
'Mr. LAUSCHE (for himself, Mr. MIL-
LER, and Mr. PEARSON) submitted an
amendment, intended to be proposed by
them, jointly, to the bill (S. 3583) to pro-
mote the foreign policy, security, and
general welfare of the United States by
assisting peoples of the world in their ef-
forts toward internal and external secu-
rity, which was ordered to lie on the table
and to be printed.
(See reference to the above amendment
when submitted,by Mr. LAUSCHE which
appears under a!separate heading.)
THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF
1966-AMENDMENTS
AMENDMENT NO. 660
Mr. JAVITS submitted an amendment,
intended to be proposed by him, to the
bill (S. 3584) to amend further the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended,
and for other purposes, which was or-
dered to lie on the table and to be
printed.
(See reference to the above amend-
ment when submitted by Mr. JAVITS
which appears under a separate head-
ing.)
AMENDMENT NO. 681
Mr. McGOVERN submitted an amend-
ment, intended to be proposed by him, to
Senate bill 3584, supra, which was or-
dered to lie on the table and to be printed.
AMENDMENT NO. 682
Mr. CLARK (for himself and Mr. KEN-
NEDY of New York) submitted an amend-
ment, intended to be proposed by them,
jointly, to Senate bill 3584, supra, which
was ordered to lie on the table and to be
printed.
AMENDMENTS NOS. 6B3 THROUGH 688
Mr. GRUENING submitted six amend-
ments, intended to be proposed by him,
to Senate bill 3584, supra, which were
ordered to lie on the table and to be
printed.
(See reference to the above amend-
ments when submitted by Mr. GRUENING,
which appears under a separate, head
ing. )
AMENDMENTS NOS. 689 THROUGH 693
Mr. HARTKE submitted five amend-
ments, intended to be proposed by him,
to Senate bill 3584, supra, which were
ordered to lie on the table and to be
printed.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARINGS ON
NOMINATIONS BEFORE COMMIT-
TEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, On
behalf of the Committee on the Judi-
ciary, I desire to give notice that public
hearings have been scheduled for
Wednesday, July 27, 1966, beginning at
10:30 a.m., in room 2300 New Senate
Office Building, on the following nomina-
tions :
Walter J. Cummings, Jr., of Illinois,
to be U.S. circuit judge, Seventh Circuit,
to fill a new position created by Public
Law 89-372, approved March 18, 1966.
Thomas E. Fairchild, of Wisconsin, to
be U.S. circuit judge, Seventh Circuit,
Vice F. Ryan Duffy, retired.
Ted Cabot, of Florida, to be U.S. dis-
trict judge, Southern District of Florida,
to fill a new position created by Public
Law 89-372, approved March 18, 1966.
At the indicated time and place per-
sons interested in the hearings may make
such representations as may be pertinent.
The subcommittee consists of the Sen-
ator from Arkansas [Mr. MCCLELLAN],
the Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
IIRUSKA], the Senator from Illinois [Mr.
DIRKSENI, and myself, as chairman.
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARINGS ON
S. 2479
Mr. HART. Mr. President, I wish to
announce that the Subcommittee on An-
titrust and Monopoly of the Committee
on the Judiciary, has scheduled a public
hearing on S. 2479. This bill would
amend section 4 of the Clayton Act to
treat as a penalty judgment imposed
upon defendants in treble damage suits
by the United States for violations of the
antitrust laws.
These hearings will be held on Tues-
day, July 27, and Wednesday, July 28,
commencing at 10 a.m. in room 1318,
New Senate Office Building. There will
be further hearings at a later date to be
announced.
Anyone who wishes to testify or file a
statement for the record should com-
municate with the office of the subcom-
mittee, room 412, Old Senate Office
Building, Washington, D.C., telephone
225-5573.
The subcommittee consists of the Sen-
ator from Connecticut [Mr. DODD], the
Senator from Missouri [Mr. LONG], the
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. MCCLEL-
LAN], the Senator from North Carolina
[Mr. ERVIN], the Senator from Massa-
chusetts [Mr. KENNEDY], the Senator
from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], the Senator
from Nebraska [Mr 1 USKA], the Sen-
ator from Hi watt [ftl FONG], and my-
self.
OUR OBLIGATION TO TREAT PRIS-
ONERS OF WAR HUMANELY
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
the United. States is signatory to the
Geneva Convention requiring humane
treatment of prisoners of war. It has
been our policy and practice throughout
all of our involvement in the miserable
civil war raging in Vietnam to surrender
and turn over to officers of the ARVN
forces all Vietcong prisoners of war we
have taken. Our officers in the field in
South Vietnam and our officials in
Washington, in the name of humanity
and decency, should rescind this policy
and practice. It is well known that not
only are these prisoners of war taken
by Americans in combat mistreated fol-
lowing the time they are turned over to
South Vietnamese authorities, but also
the facts are, and they are well known,
that many of these prisoners of war are
executed. Probably more of these pris-
oners of war are executed than are per-
mitted to survive. How can we Ameri-
cans evade responsibility for the mis-
treatment of these war prisoners? The
Geneva Convention, which had the all-
out support of our Government when the
provisions were written relative to hu-
mane treatment of prisoners of war and
agreeing to those provisions, makes us
responsible.
The Convention terms this a contin-
gent responsibility. Article 12 of the
Convention provides that the transfer of
prisoners of war may be made to allies,
with a contingent responsibility that
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July 20, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE
(10) Section 9(b) is amended by substi-
tuting the words "Labor Court" for "Board"
where the latter appears therein.
(11) Section 9(c) (1) is amended to read
as follows:
"(c) (1) Whenever a petition shall have
been filed with the Administrator, in accord-
ance witksuch rules as may be prescribed
by the Labbr Court-
"(A) by an employee or group of employees
or any Individual or labor organization acting
in their behalf alleging-that a substantial
number of employees (I) wish to be repre-
sented for collective bargaining and that
their employer declines to recognize their
representative as the representative defined
in section 9(a), or (11) assert that the indi-
vidual, or labor organization, which has been
certified or is being currently recognized by
their employer as the bargaining representa-
tive, is no longer a representative as defined
in section 9 (a) ; or
"(B) by an employer, alleging that one or
more individuals or labor organizations have
presented to him a claim to be recognized
as the representative defined in section 9(a);
the Administrator shall Investigate such
petition and unless disposed of by informal
agreement of the parties, the petition shall
be certified to the Labor Court by the Admin-
istrator for the purpose of hearing and appro-
priate decision. If the Labor Court finds
upon the record of such hearing that a ques-
tion of representation affecting commerce
exists, it shall direct an election by secret
ballot to be conducted by the Administrator
who shall certify the results thereof to the
Labor Court."
(12) Section 9(c) (2) is amended to read
as follows:
"(2) In determining whether or not a
question of representation exists the Labor
Court shall make no distinction in its deci-
sion because of the identity of the persons
filing the petition or the kind of relief sought,
and In no case shall the Labor Court deny a
labor organization a place on the ballot by
reason of any prior decree (or prior order
of the National Labor Relations Board) with
respect to such labor organization or its
predecessor not issued in conformity with
section 10(c)."
(13) Section 9(c) (3) is amended by strik-
ing the words "under such regulations as the
Board shall find are consistent with the pur-
poses and provisions of this Act".
(14) Section 9(c) (4) Is amended to read
as follows:
"(4) Nothing in this section shall be con-
strued to prohibit the waiving of a hearing
by stipulation for the purpose of a consent
election in conformity with regulations of
the Administrator and applicable decisions
of the Labor Court,"
(16) Section 9(d) is hereby stricken and
section 9 (e) is redesignated "(d) ".
(1$) Section 9(e) (1) is amended by sub-
stituting the word "Administrator" for
"Board" where the latter appears therein.
(17) Section 10 is amended to read as fol-
lows:
"Ssc. 10. (a) The Labor Court shall have
jurisdiction, as hereinafter provided, and un-
affected by any other means of adjustment
or prevention that had been or may be es-
tablished by agreement, law, or otherwise, to
enjoin any person from engaging in any un-
fair labor practice (listed in section 8) affect-
ing commerce.
"(b) Whenever it is charged that any per-
scFn has engaged in or is engaging in any such
unfair labor practice, the Administrator, or
any agent designated by the Administrator
for such purpose, shall investigate such
charge and if, after such investigation, there
is reasonable cause to believe such charge is
true, the Administrator or his agent shall
issue and cause to be served upon such per-
son a complaint stating the charges in that
respect, and shall file such complaint in the
court. No complaint shall issue based upon
any unfair labor practice occurring more
than six months prior to the filing of the
charge and the service of a copy thereof upon
the person against whom such charge is
matte, unless the person aggrieved thereby
was prevented from filing such charge by
reason of service in the Armed Forces, in
which event the six-month period shall be
computed from the day of his discharge. In
determining whether a complaint shall issue
alleging a violation of section 8 (a) (1) or sec-
tion 8(a) (2) of the National Labor Relations
Act, as amended, no distinction shall be made
because the labor organization affected is or
is not affiliated with a labor organization na-
tional or international in scope. The charg-
ing party shall 'and any other person may, in
the discretion of the court, be allowed to in-
tervene in the said proceeding and to present
evidence. Where the Administrator or his
agent refuses to issue a complaint pursuant
to a charge alleging the commission of an
unfair labor practice, the charging party may
appeal to the Labor Court which shall have
authority to require the Administrator to
issue and cause to be served and filed a, com-
plaint based on such charge.
"(c) If the court finds that any person
named in the complaint has engaged in or is
engaging in any such unfair labor practice,
then the court shall state its findings of fact
and shall enter a decree requiring such per-
son to cease and desist from such unfair
labor practice, and to take such affirmative
action, including reinstatement of employees
with or without back pay, as will effectuate
the policies of this Act: Provided, That where
a decree directs reinstatement of an em-
ployee, back pay may be required of the em-
ployer or labor organization, as the case may
be, responsible for the discrimination suf-
fered by him. If the court finds that the
person named in the complaint has not en-
gaged in or is not engaging in any such unfair
labor practice, then the court shall state its
findings of fact and shall dismiss the said
complaint.
"(d) Upon the filing of a complaint, the
court shall have jurisdiction, upon applica-
tion by the Administrator, to grant such
temporary relief or restraining order as it
deems just and proper, notwithstanding any
other provision of law, in any case in which
it is alleged and there is reasonable cause to
believe that substantial and irreparable in-
jury to the charging party is threatened:
Provided, however, That no temporary re-
straining order shall issue without notice to
the person named in the complaint: Provided
further, That a motion for a temporary re-
straining order shall not be denied where
the complaint alleges violations of sections
8(b)(7), 8(e), or of the paragraphs. (A),
(B), or (C) of section 8(b) (4) and the court
has reasonable grounds for believing such
allegations to be true: Provided further,
That no restraining order shall issue with
respect to allegations in the complaint of
unfair labor practices under section 8(b) (7)
if a charge against the employer under sec-
tion 8(a) (2) has been filed and after the
preliminary investigation the Administrator,
or any agent designated by the Administrator
for that purpose, has reasonable cause to be-
lieve that such charge is true, and issues
and causes to be served and filed a complaint
based on such charge.
"(e) Whenever it is charged that any per-
son has engaged in an unfair labor practice
within the meaning of paragraph 4(:D) of
section 8(b) of this Act, the Administrator
shall not Issue a complaint if, within ten
days after such charge has been filed, there
is submitted to. the Administrator satisfac-
tory evidence that the controversy giving
rise to the charge has been settled, or that
effective methods for the voluntary adjust-
ment thereof have been agreed upon and
that such adjustment will be enforced.
"(f) Whenever it is charged that any per-
son has engaged in an unfair labor practice
within the meaning of sections B(b) (7),
84e), of the paragraphs (A), (B), or (C) of
section 8(b) (4), the preliminary investiga-
tion of such charge shall be made forthwith
and given priority over all other cases ex-
cept cases of like character in the office
where it is filed or to which it Is referred.
"(g) Whenever it is charged that any per-
son has engaged in an unfair labor practice
within the meaning of subsection (a) (3) or
(b) (2) of section 8, such charge shall be
given priority over all other cases except
cases of like character in the office where it
is filed or to which it is referred and cases
given priority under subsection (f)."
(18) Section 11 is amended to read as
follows:
"SEC. 11. For the purpose of all investiga-
tions which, in the opinion of the Admin-
istrator, are necessary and proper for the
exercise of the powers vested in him by sec-
tion 9 and section 10-
" (1) The Administrator, or his duly au-
thorized agents, shall at all reasonable times
have access to, for the purpose of examina-
tion, and the right to copy any evidence of
any person being investigated or proceeded
against that relates to any matter under in-
vestigation or in question. The Labor Court
shall, upon application of any party to such
investigation or proceedings, forthwith issue
to such party subpenas requiring the attend-
ance and testimony of witnesses or the pro-
duction of any evidence in such investigation
or proceedings requested in such application.
Within five days after the service of a sub-
pena on any person requiring the produc-
tion of any evidence in his possession or un-
der his control, such person may petition the
Labor Court to revoke such subpena, and
the Labor Court shall revoke such subpena if
it finds that the evidenee whose production
is required does not relate to any matter
under investigation, or any matter in ques-
tion In such proceedings, or if it finds that
such subpena does not describe with suffi-
cient particularity the evidence whose pro-
duction is required. Such attendance of
witnesses and the production of such evi-
dence may be required from any place in the
United States or any Territory or possession
thereof, at any designated place of hearing;
"(2) No person shall be excused from at-
tending and testifying or from producing
books, records, correspondence, documents, or
other evidence in obedience to the subpena
of the Labor Court, on the ground that the
testimony or evidence required of him may
tend to incriminate him or subject him to a
penalty or forfeiture; but no Individual shall
be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or
forfeiture for or on account of any trans-
action, matter, or thing concerning which
he is compelled, after having claimed his
privilege against self-incrimination, to testify
or produce evidence, except that such indi-
vidual so testifying shall not be exempt from
prosecution and punishment for perjury
committed in so testifying.
"(3) Complaints, orders, and other process
and papers of the Labor Court, may be served
either personally or by registered mail or by
telegraph or by leaving a copy thereof at the
principal office or place of business of the
person requiring to be served. The verified
return by the individual so serving the same
setting forth the manner of such service shall
be proof of the same, and the return post
office receipt or telegraph receipt therefor
when registered and mailed or telegraphed
as aforesaid shall be proof of service of the
same. Witnesses summoned before the La-
bor Court, a division thereof, or commis-
sioner, shall be paid the same fees and mile-
age that are paid witnesses In the courts of
the United States, and witnesses whose depo-
sitions are taken and the persons taking the
same shall severally be entitled to the same
fees as are paid for like services in the courts
of the United States.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
.such allies-in this particular, the South
Vietnamese-do not mistreat the pris-
oners of war.
Article 12 specifically states:
Prisoners of war are in the hand of the
enemy Power, but not of the individuals or
military units who have captured them. Ir-
respective of the individual responsibilities
that may exist, the Detaining Power is re-
sponsible for the treatment given them,
Prisoners of war may only be transferred
by the Detaining Power to a Power which is
a party to the Convention and after the De-
taining Power has satisfied itself of the will-
ingness and ability of such transferee Power
to apply the Convention. When prisoners of
war are transferred under such circum-
stances, responsibility for the application
of the Convention rests on the Power ac-
cepting them while they are in its custody.
Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry
out the provisions of the Convention in any
important respect, the Power by whom the
prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon
being notified by the Protecting Power, take
effective measures to correct the situation or
shall request the return of the prisoners of
war. Such requests must be complied with.
An argument has been made by some
that were the United States to declare
war against the Government of North
Vietnam, then we would be obligated to
treat humanely all prisoners of war
taken by us. I assert that even without
a formal declaration of war, the demands-
of humanity and the provisions of the
Convention apply to us and should be
respected by civilian officials of the U.S.
Government and our military officers in
the field in Vietnam. This regardless
of whether or not there is a declaration
of war by us against the Government of
North Vietnam.
It is urgent, it seems to me, that we
reverse our policy regarding treatment of
prisoners of war in Vietnam and accept
our responsibility to treat all war prison-
ers we take with decency and humanity.
May I say that the conscience of the
world would find it revolting were those
governing North Vietnam to place on
trial our airmen who have been taken
prisoners of war and execute any of
them. I would favor the gravest repris-
als against any such inhumane action.
The lives of our airmen are precious in-
deed. As members of our Armed Forces,
bombing installations in faraway Viet-
nam, responsive to orders and in ac-
cord with their duties as officers and en-
listed men in our Armed Forces, they
were acting under orders. In every
sense of the term, they are prisoners of
war, and are entitled to treatment as
such, in accord with the Geneva
Convention,
I had hoped for an honorable settle-
ment of our involvement in this tragic
war In Vietnam-a country which is of
no strategic importance whatsoever to
the defense of the United States. As
stated in a letter termed "A Plea for
Sanity," which I signed along with 18
other Senators of the United States, if
members of our Armed Forces taken
prisoner by those fighting under orders of
the Hanoi government should be tried as
war criminals and executed, then we in-
deed would have reached the peril point
of no return, and the conflict would be-
come, as stated, "a raging inferno burn-
ing away -the last barrier of restraint."
The rulers of Hanoi should know that
if, by perpetrating such threatened act
of cruelty and brutality, they close the
door and bar the path of moderation that
could lead to a negotiated peace, then
truly all Americans would unite behind
our President in whatever course of ac-
tion he might take in such event.
Men in uniform the world over, when
captured in the performance of their
duty, are entitled to be treated as prison-
ers.of war. They must not be humiliated
or mistreated. To try them and then
execute them as criminals would be an
outrage and in itself a crime against hu-
manity. If the Hanoi government car-
ries out the cruel threat it has made, it
is as certain to follow as the night the
day that our 7th Fleet and our airpower
will destroy Haiphong, its docks, air-
fields, and missile sites, and then our
forces will go on and wreak destruction
throughout the Hanoi area.
Here is a sad situation almost too hor-
rible to contemplate. Unfortunately, in
the course of our operations in Vietnam,
with our tremendous firepowers and na-
palm bombing, it has been authoritative-
ly stated that for every Vietcong fighting
man killed, doubtless four civilians-
men, women, and children-have been
killed. That ratio will be widened in-
stead of diminished, were the rulers of
Hanoi to place in execution and threaten
execution of our airmen prisoners of war.
Historically, there is no such thing
as North and South Vietnam. The Gen-
eva Accords of 1954 provide:
The military demarcation line at the 17th
parallel is provisional and should not in any
way be considered as constituting a political
boundary.
The entire area of what Is termed
North and South Vietnam is 21/3 the size
of the area of my State of Ohio. There
is this great difference. In Ohio we have
no mountain ranges, swamps, or jungles.
The population of Ohio is approximately
10 million. Yet Vietnam, which con-
tains mountain ranges that are uninhab-
itable, thick jungles that are uninhabited,
and vast areas of swamps and rice pad-
dies, has a total population of some 32
million, or did have that total population
until our tremendous firepower killed so
many thousands of Vietcong and civil-
ians.
The escalation of this conflict is bound
to result in the deaths of many more
civilian women, children, and men in ad-
dition to those in the combat forces, for-
merly termed the Vietminh and now
termed the Vietcong.
Let us hope that the rulers of Hanoi
will take no action-such as trying our
captured airmen as war criminals-
which would make such escalation of the
war inevitable and would make the
deaths of many, many Vietnamese na-
tionals inevitable.
THE FACTS WITH RESPECT TO THE
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
AND THE NATIONAL TRAINING
CENTER IN SOUTH VIETNAM
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President,
earlier this week the Senior Senator from
Minnesota inserted in the RECORD an ar-
ticle entitled "Saigon Takes Reins of
CIA School," which had appeared the
previous day on the front page of the
New York Times, and asked that a
member of one of the CIA subcommittees
inform the Senate as to the purported
facts in this article.
The Senator from Minnesota described
the article as "confused." He is right.
The article deals with the South Viet-
namese Government's training school
for their revolutionary development
training program. Much of it is inac-
curate in implication as well as in fact.
In passing, it is noted that the Senator
misquotes the article when he lists the
article's final paragraph. The words
"not happy" are used instead of "not un-
happy." We are sure this change in
the meaning as expressed in the article
was inadvertent, and only mention it in
the case someone reads the purported
quote of the last paragraph but not the
last paragraph itself. -
The training school in question is not
in Saigon. It is in Vung Tau, in the delta.
The school was established in 1964 by the
Central Intelligence Agency in order to
train Vietnamese from the rural areas to
defend themselves and their fellow vil-
lagers against the political and terrorist
incursions of the Vietcong.
The prime objective of this program
was to reestablish contact between the
villagers and the local authorities, to re-
vive the confidence of the villagers in
their local government, and to enlist the
active participation of the latter in the
war against the Vietcong.
Since its inception, the training at this
school has been done by the Vietnamese.
The direction and control of the teams,
once they return home to begin work, is
entirely in the hands of the local dis-
trict and province chiefs of the South
Vietnamese Government.
From its inception, the Central Intel-
ligence Agency has provided the logistic
and financial support to the effort. The
CIA has also provided civilians who ad-
vise provincial officials of the South Viet-
namese Government on political and
civil problems. This is done in much the
same way that American military person-
nel advise tht same officials on military
matters.
As soon as the school was set up and
running successfully, the Central Intel-
ligence Agency initiated negotiating to
turn over the entire program, including
the school, to the South Vietnamese Gov-
ernment. These negotiations were con-
cluded in November 1965, and the South
Vietnamese took control in early Feb-
ruary 1966.
The South Vietnamese Government
thereupon revamped its Rural Construc-
tion Ministry and appointed General
Thang the Minister of Revolutionary
Development. General Thang took over
the entire CIA-sponsored cadre as the
core of his new Ministry's effort. At that
time the general issued a series of de-
crees which formalized his country's di-
rection and control of the school and
the entire program.
The South Vietnamese Government
specifically requested that the Central
Intelligence Agency continue its logistic
and financial support, as well as its ad-
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15640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE
visory role, during this transitional pe-
riod. That,is the way the relationship
stands today.
As for the situation described In this
article in the New York Times, what
took place recently was an internal dis-
pute among the Vietnamese staff at
Vung Tau, touched off by Minister
Thang's replacement of the commander
he himself had appointed last February.
As a result there was an element of the
old staff which resented the changes that
had taken place; and accordingly
demonstrated against the new manage-
ment. Seven instructors out of a total
of some 400 were dismissed, including
the director of training.
There is nothing secretive whatever
about this training program or the ail-
lation with it of the Central Intelligence
Agency. Both have been discussed at
length, in the press and on radio and
television.
Ambassador Lodge and the U.S. mis-
sion council, in concert with their appro-
priate counterparts in the South Viet-
namese Government, are studying inten-
sively the entire rural development cadre
program, including the best methods of
assistance.
At this point, let me emphasize that
the CIA has done nothing, and is doing
nothing, except what it has been for-
mally asked to do by the appropriate offi-
cials of he United States Government
and the South Vietnamese Government.
In other words, the Times article is
more than "confused." Much of it was
untrue. The implied charge that the
CIA was hoodwinked into sponsoring
an anti-South Vietnamese Government
"third force" movement does not square
with the facts.
Major Mai is an active duty officer in
the Vietnamese Army. He did preach a
dynamic message of intense nationalism,
and his relations with his Vietnamese
colleagues and superiors have not been
free of friction. But the charge that as
a "result" of his activities the South
Vietnamese Government was forced to
"take over" the Vung Tau school from
the CIA Is totally inaccurate.
In this connection, the author of this
article, Mr. Charles Mohr, appears either
to have changed his position, or to be
confused himself.
In this article that he wrote on July
18, Mr. Mohr states:
The change-over of the training program
(from the Central Intelligence Agency to the
South Vietnamese) took place in mid June.
And-
As a result, Saigon government officials
have taken control from the Central Intelli-
gence Agency of the program for training the
"Revolutionary Development Cadre"--armed
experts In political propaganda.
But 2 months earlier, in an article he
also wrote for the New York Times as of
May 21, and directly contrary to this his
article of July 18, Mr. Mohr gave the
facts as they actually are when he said:
The cadre training school at Vungtau, a
coastal town near Saigon, lasted for 13 weeks.
The school is run by the Vietnamese but is
known to be financed by an American agency
and has a number,of American advisers.
In other words, if Mr. Mohr felt the
school was being run by the Vietnamese
in May, how can he now say that it was
taken over by the Vietnamese from the
CIA in June?
In a classified report made to the Sen-
ate upon my return to this country from
the Far East earlier this year, I presented
the details of a visit to Vung Tau with
Major Mai-then captain-and others at
the training school in question.
I ask unanimous consent that the de-
classified part of this Senate report on
this school be inserted at this point in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the declassi-
fied part of the Senate report was or-
dered to be printed in the RECORD, as fol-
lows :
Vuxc Tsu, Monday, January 3.-The first
thing this morning was a, briefing at the
U.S. Embassy. Then we flew to Vung Tau.
On the flight we were accompanied by
Captain Le Xuan Mai, Director of the Vung
Tau Farm.
On arrival we were taken to the Farm,
where political action teams are trained.
On arrival, Captain Mai first briefed 'us.
They take in natives, bringing in people
who other people with wham they have con-
tact say they know and trust. They operate
on the coast where such a large part of the
people live. The PAT are represented In each
province.
The class they had going down there at
this time had 3,200 people. The next class
is programmed for 3,800 people. They train
40 man political action teams, equipped with
three medics each. The class also included
150 girls who were being trained primarily
as midwives. It was essentially a large "civic
action" course. They tried to teach the
students a strong spirit concerning what they
were fighting for. Vietnam has been at war
for 25 years.
Ever since the Japanese came, people had
been influenced by Communist-Viet Cong
propaganda. Most thought it was all right,
customary to contribute to the Viet Cong,
When many if not most come to Vung Tau
Farm, they have a bad attitude; therefore,
Captain Mai said they concentrated on
orientations.
When they arrived, the students often
used expressions like "American imperial-
ists; " along with "French colonialists." At
Vung Tau these young ones were taught
there are absolute enemies and relative
enemies. China, for example, it was con-
stantly stressed, is an absolute enemy.
The students were also taught that they
had friends whose interests in South Viet-
nam were as dear as their own. Such were
the United States, Korea, Australia, plus
the other nations who were supporting the
South Vietnamese.
Those North Vietnamese fighting for the
Chinese Communists are absolute enemies,
and those who are mistaken, and have joined
the Viet Cong, are absolute enemies if they
won't come back when they have the chance.
During phase I of the course, , Spe-
cial stress is laid in creating confidence In the
Vietnamese youth. The students are al-
lowed, encouraged, to speak their minds
fully about any problems there may be in
the Vietnamese government, or anything
else they may have on their minds. There
Is discussion of such problems as corrup-
tion, poverty, misery, and fatalism. They
want them to talk about It, and they want
to change it. They try to imbue them with
a revolutionary spirit. Phase I Is a three
week intensive training period.
During phase II there is special emphasis
on. the importance of a strong will. They
formerly made a fourteen kilometer march,
everyday. Now that is reduced to eight
kilometers a day. The student is asked
if he is ready to accept hardship, and the
life o f a revolutionary. They have a c e r e -
J u l y 2! ; 1966
mony incident to issuing the black suit.
The student must wear it willingly. The
black suit is the traditional peasant black
pajamas. An individual, once he is a mem-
ber of a political action team, stays on the
payroll indefinitely.
During phase III they teach the student
to accept the challenge of war. They teach
him that he cannot stay around and do
nothing, that much of the country is over-
run by the Viet Cong, and that they can-
not relax and put the whole future and
destiny of the Republic of Vietnam in the
hands of friends. They must do some-
thing for themselves.
In phase IV the students are taught how
to fight, and urged to fight. They ate
taught the use of various arms and explo-
sives; but the main weapon is political
action, propaganda, how to help peasants fix
houses, promote literacy, and care for the
sick. They learn to send medics out to the
sick, instead of asking the sick to come to
the medics. Captain Mai observed they
didn't need much medicine; usually a friend-
ly word and an aspirin was very good
propaganda.
During the course the students are given
complete freedom to speak. In the begin-
ning they generally resolutely criticize or
accuse Americans, but then they are shown
that they have no substantial basis for their
arguments. They come to realize that the
United States does not take from them,
rather gives assistance. They are taught
that if the Viet Cong are not present in the
land, and the South Vietnamese can pro-
duce more rice, automatically there will be
more wealth for all.
In teaching the students at Vung Tau
Farm, the instructors go back deep In Viet-
namese history, because the ancestors pass
the spirit from one generation to another.
They remind the students of the story of
the fairy and the dragon. In this Vietnamese
story, the fairy represents spirit, and the
dragon represents matter. Materialism is
only 50% of life. So the students should
not follow the Marxist way of 100% mate-
rialism, rather it should be a 50--50 proposi-
tion. They also use other legends, such as
the one about the three-year-old boy who
became a young man when the aggressor
struck. They show why the people must
unite if they are to defend themselves.
At the Vung Tau Farm School there are
seven steps in conducting a complete lesson.
First, there is individual study, in a five-
man cell.
This Is followed by a group lecture, at
which the students take notes.
Third is a period when the students dis-
cuss the lesson among themselves, and elect
a secretary to take notes.
The instructor then talks to the class, and
corrects any mistakes, or mistaken ideas he
feels they may have about the subject mat-
ter in question.
The fifth step is students themselves vol-
unteer to address, and carry on the lesson
with the class.
The sixth step is a summing up by the In-
structor of major points in the lesson.
The seventh step is the examination.
Each of the first six are two hour periods.
The examination lasts one hour, so there are
thirteen hours per lesson.
Throughout the course the instructors use
the technique of Instilling strong faith. They
keep repeating and emphasizing that South
Vietnam will be victorious.
There are five men in each cell of students.
Eight cells go to make up a team. They
teach parliamentary procedure and form a
mock village government. -
One half of their studies are in the school
buildings, one half in the jungle. They set
up defenses around villages, and defend
against mock Viet Cong attacks.
Before bed each night the student makes
a pledge to be loyal, to discipline himself,
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July 20, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Mississippi Dairy Progress
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN BELL WILLIAMS
OF MISSISSIPPI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, dra-
matic economic progress is being
achieved in Mississippi through a bold
industrialization program which has ac-
celerated growth at an unprecedented
rate. But agriculture-long the heart
and soul of the State's economy-con-
tinues to play a vital role in this upsurge
as our farmers work with renewed enthu-
siasm to build a better way of life for
themselves and for their respective com-
munities.
The flourishing Mississippi dairy in-
dustry is an example of a segment of
agriculture which is adding momentum
to our upsurge in prosperity. The spec-
tacular progressive development in dai-
rying in Mississippi is particularly
significant at a time when the dairy in-
dustry is experiencing a sharp decline in
many other sections of the Nation.
Last year, Mr. Speaker, Mississippi was
the only Southern State. which produced
enough milk to fill the demands of its
own residents. For a number of years
now, our dairy farmers have exported
about 40 percent of their grade A milk
into adjoining States. The total pro-
duction last year rose to more than a
billion pounds of good quality milk and
the industry, both directly and indirectly,
is now contributing $130 million annu-
ally to the State's, economy,
Dairy dollars are earned and spent in
every county in Mississippi. Dairying
generates employment. An estimated
25,000 people in Mississippi are primarily
employed in producing, processing, man-
ufacturing and selling dairying foods.
They include about 8,000 dairy farmers,
managers and employees of 25 pasteuriz-
ing plants, 4 butter and dry milk plants,
4 condenseries, 8 cheese plants, 22 ice
cream manufacturing, and 380 retail ice
cream establishments.' In addition, many
allied industries in Mississippi depend
entirely or in part on dairying including
dairy equipment dealers, manufacturers
and dealers in feed, fertilizer, seed and
general farm equipment, pesticides and
building materials; dealers in petroleum
products; transportation and other
services.
The remarkable increase j11 both pro-
ductivity and earnings in the Fast decade
illustrate best the dynamic new signifi-
cance of dairying in Mississippi. Last
year, for instance, our grade A dairy
farmers marketed 787 million pounds of
milk-an increase of 36 percent in the
10-year span. Cash receipts in this cate-
gory rose by 39 percent and producer
milk exported increased by 22 percent
in those years. In the past year alone
production per cow increased 6.4 percent
over 1964.
What has been responsible for this
unique record of progress? Of course,
favorable climate, temperature and nat-
ural resources have each hard a hand.
But the real key to this progress is the
improved management and techniques
of Mississippi dairy farmers who are
meeting the challenge of keeping pace
with progress.
Walthall County in my congressional
district is known as the "Cream Pitcher"
of Mississippi because it produces more
milk than any other county in the State.
A recent edition of the Tylertown Times
published in the county outlines the im-
pact of the dairy industry in the area
economy.
Here is the nutshell story from the
Times:
Walthall County has a population of
13,512 people and 10,000 dairy cows.
Dairying accounts for a whopping $4
million annually-or one-third of $12
million total. Dairying there has grown
from a million-dollar industry in less
than 25 years. The growth stands as a
monument to farm and business leaders
who worked hand in hand to improve the
entire economic life of the county.
The exciting Walthall County story is
typical of what is happening throughput
the State. Mississippi will undoubte ly
enjoy continued progress and the $tat 's
come advances are achieve
How Effective Is Our Blacklist of Ships
Doing Business With Cuba and North
Vietnam?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Of
HON. E. ROSS ADAIR
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, in this
year's minority views of the report of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1966, we spoke
of the number of free-world-flag ships
that are transporting supplies and ma-
terials to North Vietnam. Chief among
the offenders in this regard is Great
Britain. Great Britain is also the lead-
ing offender among the free world na-
tions in numbers of ships carrying goods
to Fidel Castro.
The facts are that 36 free world ships
called at North Vietnamese ports in the
first quarter of 1966, 29 of which were
British, and the further facts are that
67 free world ships, 26 of which were
British, have visited Cuba during the
same period.
This lends considerable credence to an
article which recently appeared in Navy
magazine for July 1966. The article
points out that U.S. Policy regarding this
shipping problem is weak and ineffectual.
It further points out that the British can
and do prevent the shipping of other na-
tions from aiding Rhodesia and in this
venture we have cooperated with them.
However, they have hardly lifted a finger
to aid us in stopping aggression by Castro
and Ho Chi Minh. I, therefore, com-
mend this article to the attention of my
colleagues.
A3841
HOW EFFECTIVE IS OUR BLACKLIST OF SHIPS
DOING BUSINESS WITH CUBA AND WORTH
VIET NAM?
(By Helen Delich Bentley, Maritime Editor,
the Baltimore Sun)
While the United States' Ambassador to
the United Nations fought vigorously for
passage by the Security Council of the
toughest economic sanctions ever voted by
the U.N. in order to support Great Britain's
stand against Rhodesia's defiant government,
more British-flag ships were being added to
America's blacklist for calling both at Cuba
and North Viet Nam.
The addition of the British vessels to
these blacklists-inaugurated by the United
States against two countries it considers
real enemies-is nothing unusual, because
ships flying the Union Jack head both lists.
But it points up the ironic-almost ridic-
ulous situation of the United States as far as
international shipping is concerned.
Perhaps this was best illustrated in a
cartoon printed recently in a Western news-
paper. The drawing depicts a British navy
captain on the bridge of his frigate looking
through a telescope. On a nearby chart is
marked a.big "success" for having diverted
a Greek-flag tanker bound for Mozambique
to deliver oil to Rhodesia. Passing directly
in front of the Navy vessel is a British-flag
tanker laden with Soviet MIGS on its deck
and oil in its holds with the words "North
Viet Nam" emblazoned on its sides.
"This one can go because it is not heading
to our enemy," remarked the British captain.
Ambassador Arthur Goldberg led a Secur-
ity Council sit-in until the economic sanc-
tions were voted. Those sanctions call for
Britain "to employ all measures including
armed force" to crush the Rhodesian regime
of Premier Ian Smith. Rhodesia is a (far-
mer) colony of Great Britain in a continent
somewhat removed from the United King-
dom.
Compare this series of moves to Great
Britain's response when the United States
called upon the countries of the Free World
to stop their ships from going to Cuba, which
had become Communist-dominated and
armed with Russian missiles only 90 miles
from the shores of the United States. Bri-
tain's Government accused this country of
trying to control the seas and declared Uncle
Sam was interfering with the freedom of the
seas.
The United Kingdom stated it would not
attempt to halt its shipowners from serving
Cuba. It obviously has not, since more Brit-
ish ships are regularly being added to the
blacklist. Of the 251 Free World and Polish
vessels now on the official Cuban blacklist, 72
are British..
COULDN'T CARE LESS
But even more significant is the fact that
British-flag ships have made 462 trips or
nearly 45 per cent of the 1,157 voyages made
to Cuba by Free World and Polish vessels
since the United States inaugurated its
blacklist on January 1, 1963.
Of the 10 ships on the North Viet Nam
blacklist-which became effective as of Jan-
uary 25, 1966, months after the buildup in
South Viet Nam was announced by Presi-
dent Johnson-seven are British. Great
Britain has used the lame excuse that it can-
not control the ships in Hong Kong. How-
ever, Greece did strip one of its tankers of its
registry when it appeared in Beira with oil
for Rhodesia.
When the United States protested Great
Britain's sale of buses and other equipment
to Cuba, the U.K. defied the protest and pro-
ceeded with the sale and shipment. There-
fore, when it states that It cannot control the
Hong Kong ships, there is a serious question
whether Great Britain wants to.
Greece's stripping of the tanker's registry
is another note of irony in the international
shipping picture. Although the Greek Gov-
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8-1
.ft6047r CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
ernment has issued Royal Decrees forbidding thing from preventing such Ships from ever
any of its ships to call at Cuba or North calling at the United States again to stopping
Viet Nam, Greek-flag vessels still are going any ship from any country which had a
to both countries. Some 35 of the ships on single vessel going to North Viet Nam from
the Cuban blacklist belong to Greece, while calling In an American port. These bills
two of the 10 going to North Viet Nam also are languishing on Capitol Hill and probably
are registered in that Mediterranean country,
ill __ - .. _ .
w
Greek government seized the registry of the doling out any money to any nation whose
Joanna V is because it had become an inter- ships were calling at Cuba,' the Executive
national issue with blazing headlines in Department chose to ignore that order.
every Country in the world. When the State Department first decided
In January, the State Department reported to lift the blacklist from the ships of owners
that Free World ships trading with North who "took the pledge" not to, send the ship
Viet Nam had declinled from 34 per month into Cuba again (a similar pledge is available
In 1964 to 13 per month in the latter part in the instance of North Valet Nam), the
of 1965. The blacklist became effective as f longshoremen refused to go along and clear
January 25, 1966, and the number may have these ships.
declined even further, although no other The an- case was the
s rd after :ter the Hills, to l figures have been issued. American-built rehabilitate th ey Greek cwar ma-
However, It has been said on Capitol Hill help rndasubseq ent Gswit :merchant sh
that many of the ships transporting goods rive and subsequently switched Kulukundis British
to North Viet Nam no longer are going di- registry when he MaeauKuin Lon in .
reotly there, but discharging their cargoes in The terests whethey headquartered in don.
Hong Kong for transshipment to the Com- shortly Tafter Tulle Hills emived as signed be-
monist country. the agreement was signed be-
Thomas W. Gleason, president of the tweed Basil Mavroleon-whose combine had
International Longshoremen's Association the most ships in the Cuban trade-and the
(AFL-CIO) who has been working with nState 11 membembeer. of theorI longshoral
United States Government officials to break Longshoremen's mrs of Association the IA (AFL-CIO)-
the logjam in shipping in the Republic of refused o load the grain aboard the CIO)-
Viet Nam ports, told the .I-louse Merchant The owners load th grain worke the vessel.
court
Marine and Fisheries Committee that he has The took the dockworkers to viewed English, Panamanian, Greek and and went up through the Fourth Circuit
other ships in Hong Kong "su osedl Court of Appeals, which concurred that no
pp
July 20, 1966
What would Great Britain's reaction be,
they ask, if the United States should seek a
similar boycott against both Cuba and North
Viet Nam-a country with which American
troops are at war and losing their lives?
DANGEROUS PRECEDENT
It also is noted that perhaps a dangerous
precedent has been set and they ask what
would happen if the situation should be re-
versed: A Communist-oriented power de-
cided to apply heavy pressure on a neighbor
friendly to the West, declares a boycott and
then goes not to the Security Council but to
the General Assembly of the United Nations
for approval of stronger measures, including
a blockade. The conclusion Is that western
maritime nations may find themselves in a
most embarrasing position.
And the big question is whether Great
Britain, with one of the largest mercantile
fleets afloat, would defy that blockade in the
same manner it has the blacklists of the
United States?
Rees Announces Results of 1966
Questionnaire to Constituents
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS M. REES
y force could make an individual load a par- OF CALIFORNIA
bringing in cargo for Hong Kong: "
"But this stuff," he continued, "would be ticular vessel or do a special job if he did IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
transferred into the Small coastal vessels not want to.
operated either by Chinamen or a few North After 137 days of waiting the Tulle Hills Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Vietnamese or Crown Colony ships, and departed from Baltimore without any fan- Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, this May I
brought down into Haiphong for final his- fare and without its cargo. The dockwork- sent to my constituents in California's
eha.ree there " ors again Droved that
Soviet Union ships also are running from
Hong Kong to Haiphong, according to Lloyd's
Weekly Shipping Index.
Although the United States' blacklist as
such is considered weak. and somewhat in-
consequential in this country, there is a
definite principle which our friends are defy-
Ing. It is considered weak because the only
thing the Blacklist does Is prevent the ships
llsted thereon from calling at United States
ports to pick up Government-financed car-
goes.
However, these blacklisted ships can:
1. Pick up commercial cargoes in Ameri-
can ports, it the longshoremen will load
them.
2. Pick up United States Government-
financed (through counterpart funds) car-
goes in foreign ports.
And then, of course, when the owner
feels that his trips to Cuba or North Viet
Nam are 'not as remunerative as they might
be if he picks up U.S. aid cargo in American
ports, all he has to do is sign a pledge that
he'll never send that ship again to that area.
Ninety-one vessels-including 39 British and
25 Greek-have been freed from the Cuba
blacklist in this manner,
The International Longshoremen's Asso- the list. ents chose several alternatives. Because
elation (AFL-CIO) succeeded In Imposing a A number of the ships registered in both of this some percentages add up to more
more stringent boycott of ships serving Cuba Lebanon and Cyprus are owned by Greeks than 100 percent.. Also particularly
for two years after the Cuban crisis, but it who are somewhat concerned that their own gratifying was the high degree of re-
has waned somewhat because of the difficulty nation might seize their registries, so they spondents who further elaborated their
in keeping track of the ships. charged over first. Lebanon and Cyprus can
both be considered "flags of convenience," Views with notes and letters. :I regret
IINION SHOWS WAY along with Panama, Liberia, and Honduras, that space limitations make it impassible
But the ILA refused to handle the ships for shipowners, although it is believed that for me to share these comments with my
of any owner who might have had even a no American shipowners have transferred colleagues as, having read them, I can
single ship calling at Cuba. The union boy- any vessels to the Middle East area. testify to the worthwhile nature of the
cott went, Into effect three months before the Some American shipping circles have ex- overwhelming majority of the state-
U.C. government did anything officially. pressed grave concern over the fact that the meets.
Likewise in the case of North Viet Nan, Security Council upheld London's position on
the maritime unions began pressing to boy- the Rhodesian boycott so strongly. They Knowing that my colleagues in Con-
cott or bar ships from the United States long note that morality of Britain's dispute with gress will be interested in the response
before any official action was taken. Various Rhodesia is one thing, but the morality of of my constituents to the vital issues of
Congressmen picked up their complaints and the kind of blockade-enforced boycott is the day, I include here the tabulated re-
introduced legislation which would do every- another. sults of this poll:
In addition to the Greek and British ships congressional questionnaire. The re-
on the Cuba blacklist, there are 57 Lebanese, sponse was immediate and enthusiastic,
18 Polish, 18 Cypriot, 14 Italian, 9 Yugo- and I would like to thank the More than
slav, 7 French, 5 Moroccan, 5 Maltese, 4 Fin- 12,000 citizens who were sufficiently con-
nish, 2 Dutch, 2 Norwegian, 2 Swedish, and cerned to take the time to complete and
one from Monaco. return this poll.
A number of these have since changed My congressional district is in the
their register by the same owner or been western section of Los Angeles County
sold to another owner and registered in and includes the cities of Beverly Hills
another country. However, their new iden- and Culver City; the Los Angeles City
tity also is carried on the blacklist published
regularly by the Maritime Administration. communities of Rancho Park, Venice,
As a result, the current list includes such Mar Vista, Westdale, West Los Angeles,
countries as South Africa, Panama, Guinea, Cheviot Hills, Beverlywood, West Adams,
Haiti, Liberia and Nationalist China, and Fairfax Avenue; as well as the Los
MANY ARE U.S.-BUILT Angeles County areas of Marina del Rey,
There are many ironies in this blacklist- West Hollywood, and the Sunset Strip.
boycott picture. For Instance, a substantial Incomes range from lower middle to up-
portion of the ships on the list are former per; a majority of my constituents are
Liberty vessels built in the United States homeowners, and their educational level
during World War II and sold to the friendly is higher than average.
nations at a cheap price to help them get The questions were written to reflect
their merchant marines going after the war. issues of
Both Panama and Liberia issued proclama- particular concern to my dis-
Both that no ships in their registry could trier, as well as the current major
serve Cuba and yet six have been transferred tional and international issues. In the
the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3829
continental rates. This measure has not
yet been acted upon by the full Senate
Post Office and Civil Service Committee.
Although it was encouraging to see the
public law signed and it was heartening
to see the House pass the latter measure,
neither goes far enough in terms of giv-
ing servicemen the maximum opportuni-
ties to receive mail.
I received a letter from a constituent
in South River, N.J., who told me:
I am thinking of older people who depend
on social security for their only income. For
people in this category and people on relief
it would sometimes almost be impossible to
send even a small package to Vietnam.
Why must it be so costly to send a small
box of hope, love and a bit of home to the
GI's who are so bravely sacrificing their lives
for our country.
Now, it may cost up to $4.08 to send a
5-pound parcel air mail from New York
to San Francisco, the point of embarka-
tion for Asian mail. To many families,
this may prove to be a heavy financial
burden.
Here is a situation where some 300,000
soldiers are engaged in a fight for their
very lives-the least we at home could
do would be to insure these men some
small measure of the comforts of home.
It is unfair both to the members of the
Armed Forces and their parents who may
be prohibited by costs from sending them
news from home or small packages.
It is bad for morale as well. In a com-
munication to Postmaster General Law-
rence O'Brien, the President has said:
Mail is the vital link that bridges vast
distances, bringing warmth and news and,
most important, easing the pain of separa-
tion. To have mail delivered sooner is to
bring home that much closer.
It goes without saying that, to para-
phrase the President, to have mail deliv-
ered more often is also to bring home
that much closer.
It is a well-known fact that mail call
is one of the few bright spots of the day
of a soldier in combat. If we in Wash-
ington can make this moment a bit hap-
pier, then, I think that we can say that
we are doing our part.
What is more, this bill will not be a
burden on the taxpayers. I have been
informed by Mr. Eugene B. Crowe, Act-
ing Assistant Postmaster General of the
Post Office Department, that revenue loss
on first-class letters and small parcels
going to Vietnam-based on a survey
made at the San Francisco Post Office-
terminal for all U.S. mail going to Viet-
nam-will be only $1.6 million. Al-
though $1.6 million is not a figure which
one usually precedes with "only," we
must put the cost in the proper perspec-
tive of the entire war. Although official
figures are not available, it is likely that
we are spending $20 billion a year or more
in Vietnam. In comparison to that fig-
ure, $1.6 million is but a minute fraction.
Eric Sevareid has pointed out that it
costs about $1 million for each member
of the Vietcong that American forces kill
in action. This additional cost of
$133,000 a month will not be great at all.
In addition, we have set precedents in
past wars of giving soldiers mailing privi-
leges home. Now, I feel that an extra
measure is necessary so that soldiers are
not faced with the problem which was
reported by Mrs. Walter Glynn, national
president of the American Legion Auxi-
liary:
A serviceman in Da Nang portrayed the
plight of those who receive little mail when
he wrote "Although I would like a hometown
newspaper, I have a friend who needs one
more than I do. He does not receive much
mail; in fact, if he receives a letter once every
two weeks, he's lucky. Some time ago he told
me that if he had his hometown news-
paper, he would not miss mail so much.
Certainly, if there is any body of Amer-
ican citizens which ought to receive spe-
cial compensation from the Government,
it is those soldiers serving in combat
areas. I believe that my bill, H.R. 16389,
by giving these men the added "bonus"
pleasure of hearing from loved ones and
friends, would help provide a needed and
vital service for our men in uniform.
Mr. Speaker, I ask for speedy and pos-
itive action on my legislation,
California Loses a Distinguished
Conservationist
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr.
Speaker, a few days ago the Golden
State of California lost one of its most
distinguished citizens who was a con-
servationist of world renown.
During his 91 years, Dr. Charles M.
Goethe played a major role in the de-
velopment of our national park system
and also in the fostering of recreation
areas not only in this country but in
many areas throughout the world with
especial emphasis on areas attractive to
our children.
Early in my career of public service I
was privileged to become acquainted
with this outstanding man who, I should
point out, was born at Lake Tahoe at a
time when this world-famed recreation
spot was still known only to the hardiest
of pioneers. In my own association with
Dr. Goethe, I was honored to work with
him toward the development of the
American River, including the construc-
tion of the Folsom Dam and Reservoir,
the conservation projects on Middle Fork,
and the developments on the South Fork
constructed by the Sacramento Municipal
Utilities District, and, finally, with the
Auburn Dam project which was author-
ized by this Congress just in the last year.
Paying tribute to this distinguished
citizen of California, the Sacramento
Bee, which serves most of northern
California, published an outstanding edi-
torial. It is my pleasure to include this
editorial in the RECORD at this point:
Sacramento has lost one of its most dis-
tinguished and honored citizens in the death
of Charles M. Goethe.
And while he was a native of this city it
also can be said of him that in a very real
sense he was a citizen of the world, so wide
ranging were his interests and so diversified
the activities to which he devoted his time
and a goodly portion of his fortune as well.
In business, he was most successful. And
to those who knew him best it appeared he
coveted material success not so much for
its intrinsic value but because it provided
him with the means and the leisure to pro-
mote the philanthropic, conservation and'
religious causes which were closest to his
heart.
To enumerate these would take an article
encyclopedic in length.
Typical of them were such activities as the
establishment of the ranger naturalist serv-
ice in our country's national parks, the fos-
tering of the kindergarten movement, the
establishment of children's playgrounds not
only in the United States but in many for-
eign countries as well, the saving of the
redwoods for the enjoyment of generations
yet to come, the promotion of the junior
museums, the establishment of the Ever-
glades National Park in Florida which re-
sulted in the salvation of the egrets.
A naturalist, he was the Audubon of his
time as the nature series he long has con-
tributed to The Bee gives wide and varied
illustration.
And he richly deserved the rare distinction
for an American of being elected to a fellow
of the British Royal Arts Society.
Goethe and his wife; Mary Glide Goethe,
for many years spent six months of each
year in_ travel primarily to learn about the
flora and fauna and peoples of distant lands.
His knowledge of these was both varied and
intimate. They were a constant wonder to
those who talked with him. He had a pas-
sion for knowing and understanding.
Yet he himself was not always understood,
for his ways of helping others with finances,
with kindness, were known only to a few.
But the scope of the material aid he passed
along monthly, especially to young people
and to groups working with or for young
people, was so very wide, the total sum of
his assistance had to be large.
Scholarships, vacations, blocks of tickets
for the children's theater-the list of his
gratuities was very long indeed, still the
donor always remained modestly in the back-
ground.
Goethe's life was one fruitful and rich in
human satisfactions far beyond the usual.
And it can be said with truthfulness that
the world was made a happier and better
place because he walked this way.
He may be gone but the good he did will
continue to endure as long as little children
romp in playgrounds and as long as people
gather around campfires to listen with eager
minds to rangers rolatingto t Vern the won-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker,
for a year, Squadron 1 of the U.S. Coast
Guard has been prowling the coastal
waters of Vietnam charged with sharing
the responsibility of halting the move-
ment by water of men and supplies from
North Vietnam to Vietcong units in the
south. In order that the contribution
of the Coast Guard to the war effort may
be more fully understood and appreci-
ated, I include in today's RECORD, H. R.
Kaplan's article "The Coast Guard in
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A3830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
Vietnam," from the June 1966 edition of
Navy magazine: -
Ttla COAST GUARD IN VIETNAM
(By H. R. Kaplan)
Half way around the world, in the South
China Sea, the United States Coast Guard's
Squadron One is keeping watch over the sea
approaches to the embattled Republic of
Viet Nam. Its mission Is to bar movement
by water of men and materials from North
Viet Nam to Viet Cong units in' the south.
It's an objective more easily stated than ac-
complished.
Squadron One has been in Viet Nam
waters since last July, when the first units
arrived via the Philippines. Operating under
the direction of the United States Navy, the
Squadron's twenty-six 82-foot patrol boats,
together with Navy units and naval craft
of the Republic of Viet Nam, make up the
Coastal Surveillance Force. The Force is a
major part of the sea war being waged by
the United States and its allies to prevent a
Communist take-over.
Day and night, seven days a week, units of
the small Coast Guard fleet prowl the seem-
ingly placid coastal waters of Viet Nam on
the lookout for infiltration frb'm the sea.
The land they guard is, in many ways, a
beautiful one, with dazzling white beaches,
lofty mountains and green valleys. But it is
a land scarred by war. Its dense forests and
jungles conceal Viet Cong soldiers. Its peo-
ple are terrorized by marauding Communist
guerrillas.
Like other servicemen in Viet Nam, the
men of Squadron One must endure the lone-
liness of being in a distant part of the world,
far removed from our own in customs, lan-
guage and tradition. There is also the in-
tense heat, ranging from 90 to 120 degrees,
high humidity and the drenching seasonal
rains that make life difficult.
In the 11 months the men of Squadron
One have been at their job, they have become
veterans. They've learned that war in Viet
Nam is a hard, grinding, unglamorous affair,
filled with unpleasant surprises. That inno-
cent looking junk can suddenly become a
blazing instrument of death. Those mild
looking fishermen may be Viet Cong soldiers
armed with grenades and other weapons.
So the one rule you keep uppermost in your
mind Is: Don't relax. It could mean your
life.
The patrol function carried out by the
Squadron has the intriguing title, "Opera-
tion Market Time". It's a curiously peace-
ful name for so dangerous a mission. No
one knows exactly how It received its name,
but one theory is that it was derived from
the thousands of commercial junks plying
these waters daily. In this part of the world,
where refrigeration facilities are virtually
nonexistent, the junks serve as floating
markets. These marine markets have some-
times provided the Viet Cong with oppor-
tunities for smuggling men and supplies into
battle zones.
TAE VUNG 110 CAPSZ
What finally brought the matter of sea
infiltration to, a head was the discovery in
February, 1965, of a large arms cache in
Vung Ro Bay by members of the U.S. and
Vietnamese navies. A 130-foot camouflaged
junk had been sighted by a helicopter while
on a medical mission out of Qui Nhon. Air-
craft were called to the scene and four air
strikes sank the vessel in shallow water.
Afterwards, investigators found that she
was carrying enough supplies to outfit an
entire Viet Cong battalion. Her armament
was sufficient to knock out any normal-size
patrol vessel. From caches on the beach
nearby, investigators recovered 1,500 weapons
and 30 tons of ammunition, explosives and
medical supplies. Most of the equipment
was of Red Chinese manufacture. Papers
found on the ship clearly showed that it was
of North Vietnamese registry and engaged
in infiltration.
This episode and several others like it con-
vinced the Navy that something had to be
done quickly to halt further infiltration.
But Viet Nam's highly indented coastline
made it very vulnerable to incursions from
the sea. Faced with this problem, the Navy
turned to the Coast Guard for assistance.
The Navy Command knew that the Coast
Guard's fast, highly maneuverable 82-foot
patrol craft were ideally suited to the opera-
tion. Accordingly, they requested that ves-
sels of this type be made available for close
in-shore patrol work along the coast of the
Republic of Viet Nam.,
The Coast Guard responded by ordering
17 of its 82-footers to Viet Nam duty. On
May 26, 1965, at Alameda, California, this
force was commissioned as Coast Guard
Squadron One. It was an excellent demon-
stration of the close working partnership that
has existed between the two Services
throughout our country's history. It is a
partnership which has been confirmed many
times on the beaches of Guadalcanal,
Normandy, Sicily, North Africa and many
other places far from the American home-
land.
But before the Coast Guard vessels could
be sent to the theater of operations, they
had to be fitted out with additional arma-
ment. This included four 50-caliber ma-
chine guns and, as a main battery, a 50-
caliber machine gun ingeniously moutned
"piggyback" fashion on an 81-millimeter
mortar. The mounting was devised by Chief
Warrant Gunner Elmer Hicks. Obviously,
Coast Guard personnel have not lost their
ability to improvise.
Merchant ships carried the 82-footers to
Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines,
which was the shakedown and staging area
for the operation. Here the cutters and their
crews were paired off for the first time. In
the months ahead they would get to know a
lot about one another. Each cutter was to
carry an 11-man crew and a Vietnamese in-
terpreter.
Before leaving for Viet Nam, Squadron One
was split into Divisions 11 andt12. The nine
cutters of Division 11 were to operate out of.
An Thoi on the island of Phu Quoc in the
South to seal off the Viet Naln-Cambodian
border and to patrol the Viet Nam coast on
the Gulf of Thailand. Division 12's eight
cutters were to be based at Da Nang and its
area of activity was to be near the northern
sector of the Republic of Viet Nam just
south of the 17th parallel, the border be-
tween South Viet Nam and the Communist
North. In February, 1966, an additional nine
vessels were dispatched to the Squadron,
bringing the total to 26. The new unit,
Division 13, operates along Viet Nam's cen-
tral coast and is based at Vung Tau (Cat
Lo), about 40 miles south of Saigon.
The stretch of coast patrolled by the
Coastal Surveillance Force, of which the
Squadron is a part, totals about 750 miles,
roughly comparable to the coast of Califor-
nia. That's a lot of water for a small fleet
to cover. Working with it are ships and air-
craft of the U.S. Navy and naval units of the
Republic of Viet Nam.
A TYPICAL DAY
In command of Squadron One is Captain
Robert LoForte whose headquarters are in
Saigon. His command is composed of about
400 men, including relief crews, maintenance
personnel, medical corpsmen and the head-
quarters staff. He serves directly under the
Commander, Naval Forces, Viet Nam, who
controls the operations of the entire Coastal
Surveillance Force.
. What's a typical day on patrol? As a rule
July 2Q" 1966
it's pretty strenuous. Once a Suspicious
looking junk is sighted, the cutter heads for
it. Boardings are business-like, but cour-
teous. Most of the interrogation is con-
ducted by the Vietnamese officer who checks
the junk's registry and the crews' credentials.
Inspectors are fully aware of the Importance
of establishing good relations with the ci-
vilian population. Many of the people on the
junks are well known to the Inspectors
through previous boardings. Food packages,
medicine, cigarettes and other gift items are
distributed. Last Christmas, Squadron One
distributed gifts to fishermen and dependent
children of personnel of the Vietnamese
Navy.
Squadron One's war may not have the
heart-quickening tension of the war in the
rice paddles and the jungles, but it has some
built-in dangersof its own. Take for exam-
ple the case of the Point Marone in Division
11 in the Gulf of Thailand. Foy more than a
month the cutter had been on patrol without
incident. To her skipper, Lieutenant David
R. Markey of Groton, Conn., it looked very
much as though he were never going to see
any action in this strange war.
All that changed on August 23, 1965. While
patrolling the northern end of Phu Quoc
island, Markey spotted a junk headed for
Cambodian waters. There was something
about her that put Markey on his guard. He
ordered pursuit of the craft, overtaking it.
The three men on board were taken prisoner
and turned over to Vietnamese naval author-
ities. Later they confessed that they were
members of the Viet Cong.
CAPTURE FIRST JUNK
Two days later, on August 25, the cutters
Point Mast, Point Comfort, and Point Clear
and a Navy destroyer escort shelled a Viet
Cong staging area not far from the Vietna-
mese Navy Junk Base at An Thoi. Using their
81-millimeter mortars, firing high explosive
rounds, they saturated the target area.
On September 19, 1965, the tempo of war
really speeded up for Division 11. On that
day, a Sunday, Point Glover made the first
capture of a Viet Cong junk, attempting to
infiltrate via the Gulf of Thailand. The
action started at 1 a.m. when the cutter de-
tected an unlighted junk in the area and
started to close in. At first the junk at-
tempted evasive action. The cutter stopped
the junk by smashing her engine with ma-
chine gun fire. A boarding party found
rifles, including Chinese Communist car-
bines, 480 rounds of ammunition, cargo and
personal effects. One survivor was found by
the Point Garnet, the other crewmen of the
junk were presumed drowned.
On the same hectic Sunday at 11:30 p.m.
the Point Marone sighted another junk try-
ing to reach the Viet Nam coast on the Gulf
of Thailand. The Marone fired two warning
shots as the junk tried to evade and out-
maneuver the cutter. The Marone's fire was
answered by Communist small arms and
grenades. Then the cutter let go with her
bow machine gun. During the fight, the
Point Glover arrived on the scene and illu-
minated the area with her mortar, providing
supporting small arms and machine gun fire.
Riddled with bullets, the junk sank soon
after it was taken in tow by the Point Glover.
In the action, 11 Viet Cong were killed. One
badly wounded survivor was taken ashore
near a U.S. Special Forces Camp at the vil-
lage of Ha Tien on the mainland. None of
the cutters sustained damage.
On the following day, the Point Young
carried a salvage party to the scene from
Division 21's support ship, U.S.S. Krishna.
From the second junk, the Coast Guard re-
covered six rifles, ammunition, hand gre-
nades, a large amount of Vietnamese money
and documents, confirming that its crew were
Viet Cong.
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A3831
July 40, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
.. .. RAMMING ENEMY JUNK
Frequently, the cutters provide gunfire
support for ground forces In danger of being
overrun by the enemy, assist Viet Nam naval
units engaged by the enemy forces, and shell
enemy shore installations.
Squadron One racked up another score
against the enemy on the evening of March
9, 1966. At 10:15 p.m., the Point White of
Division 13 spotted a 25-foot motorized junk
attempting to cross the Soirap River from
the mangrove swamp area designated as the
Rung Sat Special Zone. The cutter hailed
the junk at a distance of about 150 yards,
simultaneously illuminating the area. A
savage burst of automatic and small arms
fire was the junk's answer. The enemy fire
was immediately returned by Point White's
small arms and 50-caliber machine guns.
The cutter's reply disabled several of the
enemy and tore big chunks out of the junk's
hull. But the Viet Cong were stubborn, and
a hail of bullets continued to pour out of
the junk. In the face of the continuing fire.
Point White's skipper, Lieutenant Eugene J.
Hickey, ordered full speed ahead to ram the
junk. He hit the junk amidships. Within
30 minutes after the ramming, she went
down. A fanatical Viet Cong in the forward
section kept firing until the vessel sank.
Because of his resistance, only four crewmen
of the junk were rescued.
On March 19, 1966, Point Garnet provided
covering fire to permit the withdrawal of a
U.S. Special Forces team which had run into
an enemy ambush on Phu Quoc island. Be-
cause of the Garnet's action, the force
escaped intact.
NORMALLY STRENUOUS
As these Incidents Indicate, Squadron
One's job Is anything but routine. So far,
the cutters of Division 12 at Da Nang have
been involved in much more offshore work
than those of Division 11. But whatever
their job, all the men of the Squadron must
remain on continual alert and be able to re-
spond instantly to any situation. Even
without the outright challenge of the enemy,
their normal patrol duty is taxing enough.
By the end of December, 1965, the original
17 cutters had inspected nearly 12,500 junks
and boarded 9,741. Since then, these totals
have gone up tremendously.
Squadron One's divisions work closely with
local junk divisions in their patrols, ex-
changing information and taking frequent
occasion to compare notes on suspicious
areas, such as approaches to rivers and
canals where traffic appears to be heavier
than usual. In contrast to peacetime patrols,
the Squadron's ships spend more than 70
per cent of their time on patrol. This is well
over twice the time underway for similar
ships in peacetime. But nobody is complain-
ing and morale Is high.
Coast Guardsmen in Viet Nam do have
several things going for them. Their ships
axe airconditioned and the food is up to the
usual high Coast Guard standards. When-
ever possible, the men are given liberty to
rest at recreational facilities at Ha Tien,
Vung Tau, and occasionally at Hongkong,
Bangkok and other areas. This doesn't hap-
pen very often, however. On the relatively
rare occasions they go ashore, they are well
received by the native population, especially
the children to whom Americans are "Okay,
Number 1", the highest oriental rating. No.
10 represents the other end of the popularity
scale.
Squadron One, of course, It only a small
part of the complex and difficult operation
now being carried out in Viet Nam. Never-
theless it is an important one. Its men know
that a great deal depends on the skill and
dedication which they bring to their work.
SPEECH
OF
HON. WALTER ROGERS
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 18, 1966
(Mr. ROGERS of Texas asked and was
given permission to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
the distinguished chairman of the full
committee CMr. ASPINALLI and the gen-
tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SAYLOR]
have rather fully explained the purposes
and need for this legislation. I want to
reemphasize the fact that we have this
legislation before us today because of the
desire of the legislative committees to
limit the authority of the Secretary of
the Interior and the Bureau of Recla-
mation with respect to feasibility grade
investigations and the preparation of
feasibility reports. In other words, this
bill implements the limiting provision
adopted by the Congress last year when
we passed the Federal Water Project
Recreation Act. Up until now, since
1902, the Bureau has had general au-
thority to conduct these studies. From
now on, each feasibility investigation
must be specifically authorized.
The reason for the great number of
studies listed in this bill is because this
is the first legislation considered since
enactment of the Federal Water Project
Recreation Act. Thus, this bill must
provide authority to continue all the in-
vestigations underway at the present
time, including even those that have
been completed where the projects have
not been authorized for construction by
the Congress. In the future, the Con-
gress will need to authorize only the new
planning starts.
The restriction on the Bureau's gen-
eral authority, approved by the Congress
last year, permits the legislative commit-
tees to examine these proposed projects
at an earlier stage in the planning pro-
cedure and to exercise better control over
the program. Past experience has shown
that, once a project study reaches the
feasibility stage, the impression prevails
among the people in the local project
areas that congressional authorization is
pretty much a routine matter and fore-
gone conclusion.
The local people and the local spon-
soring groups are usually surprised to
learn of possible delays in authorization.
They cannot understand why the proj-
ects should not immediately be author-
ized once the feasibility report has been
completed. They are unaware of the
problem of imbalance between the Bu-
reau of Reclamation's planning program
and construction program, and that all
of the projects with completed feasibility
reports cannot be authorized because of
budget ceilings.
Under the new procedure, it will be
possible for Members of Congress to be
familiar with the studies that are being
confronted with a completed projects re-
port and local pressure for immediate
authorization.
Mr. Speaker, as has already been
pointed out, the investigations authorized
in this legislation will be conducted over
a periodof at least the next 10 years.
These investigations will result in a flow
of completed feasibility reports to the
Congress and will provide all of the in-
formation necessary for Congress to ap-
prove those projects that are meritorious
and needed. The enactment of this leg-
islation will permit orderly development
of plans to meet the ever-growing water
problems and needs of the Western
United States.
I urge the approval of this legislation.
Happy Half Century
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, with
your permission, I ask our colleagues
to join in congratulating Sanford H.
Wendover, editor of the Meriden, Conn.,
Journal, on the completion of his 50th
year with the Journal. There is some-
thing unique and commendable in the
completion of half a century of service
with a single employer, but when this
service is recognized as eloquent and es-
sential in the public domain it becomes
all the more admirable and deserving
of commendation.
Editor Wendover was pleasantly sur-
prised by his associates with a 50th an-
niversary party, complete with cake,
candles, flowers, and telegrams and mes-
sages from friends and associates from
throughout the State and in other parts
of the country.
Mr. Speaker, in recognition of Editor
Wendover's dedication to the task of
protecting the community by enlighten-
ing the individual, I wish to include here
the text of a letter which was addressed
to Mr. Wendover by William L. Plante,
Jr., president of the New England Society
of Newspaper Editors, and a resolution
introduced by Alderman Albert Hyman
and adopted unanimously by the Court
of Common Council of the City of Meri-
den:
The letter from Mr. Plante is as fol-
lows:
The officers and the governors of the New
England Society of Newspaper Editors con-
gratulate you upon your 50 years of service
to journalism in New England.
Years alone do not tell the story. Your
hard work, your professional competence,
your talents as writer and editor, and your
role as community leader set a mark for the
rest of us to emulate.
The society is proud to number you among
its earliest members. It extends to you
greetings and best wishes for continuing
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~S GRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
blue-ribbon panel including Chairman Oscar
Handlin, Warren professor of American his-
OF HAWAII tory at Harvard; John M. Sta]Inaker, presi-
em .1 the National -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES po
r ti n; Francis Ke Merit Scholarship Cory ppel, assistant
secretar Wednesday, July 20, 1966 of the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare for education; Brooks from Arkansasxand Arthur
Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, our U.S. congressman
Government's foreign Scholarship pro- Vanderbilt, professor of political affairs at
gram, established by the Congress in Rutgers University.
1946, continues to be one of America's Though the board sets the State Depart-
most important efforts toward promoting stamps merit's final approval educational exchange policy and
international understanding. And yet, grcm ss allcomm
bri
g d
Asia, which is recognized as an acute area the grants, from l foreign countries. en
In which the United States ought to pro- Where none exists, the U.S. erabassy's cul-
mote understanding, receives only 4 per- tural affairs officer makes the recommenda-
cent of th
t
t
l
e
o
a
Fulbright schlhi tions
oarsps..
Western Europe, on the other hand, en- CHANGE W PROCESS
Joys approximately 80 percent of the Ihara feels the selection process might be
educational exchanges. Improved by awarding grants to institutions
Dr. Teruo Ihara, associate professor of rather than individuals, so that foreign stu-
be to
education at the University of Hawaii, dents wiltud
more likely to tayuin home U.S. or s ays that this imbalance in geographic than axe nower their stay in the S.
distribution is largely caused by the re- "Remaining in the states is a problem
quirement for fluency in English. He which the board recognizes and is seeking to
adds that this, language requirement has solve, though, of course, it depends on the
also tended to limit the grantees to. those individual country."
who come from the upper socio-economic For example, "just about all students who
level of their country. Dr. Ihara offers come here from Thailand n teach, sai said.
some helpful suggestions as to how the Also, "I know many Pakistanis uwho would
selective process might be improved. dearly love to get out of their country."
Fortunately, Dr. Ihara, who happens Ihara feels, too, that giving the Fulbright
to be a personal friend of mine, was re- grants to institutions both in the U.S. and
cently appointed to the State Depart- abroad "would ensure the maximum benefit
n to all concerned."
meet's }2-member Board of Forei
g
w
Scholarships, and we will have the bene- AMERICAN STUDENTS short-range solutions, we are multiplying
fits of his views. selection of American students now is our problems for the future.
The newspaper article, written by Judy based primarily on scholastic achievement In line with the thoughts expressed
Chase, summarizing Dr. Ihara's views and their proposals to tie in a study grant in American Heritage is an editorial
appeared in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin with their own educational experiences and from the Claiborne County, Tenn., Prog-
af June 30, 1966. I now submit the ar- goals. ress, which I insert in the RECORD, stress-
lim screening is done by -
ticle for inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL tute ef
ori International Education tandnthe ins its conclusion that-
RECORD: Conference Board. Pesticides and their proper use are the
(From the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, June 30, Though the board puts education before difference between abundance and scarcity.
1966] politics, Ihara said, "Sometimes we have to The editorial follows:
MORE GRANTS URGED FOR "HAVE-NoT" FOREFGN turn students down because the State De- OVERREGULATION CAN KILL
STUDENTS partment is concerned that on the basis of Population increases bring inescapable en-
(By Judy Chase) their past actions in this country, their ac- vironment changes. `,,Dr. Warren C. Shaw, a
tions abroad might not be in the best in- top Official of the U.S. Department of Agri-
The United States should concern itself terests of the United States."
more with ferreting out the "have-not" culture, says that the world's population Ihara added that the board has a policy humans, domestic animals and wildlife could
ld
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many other years of public service, includ-
ing terms on the Board of Apportionment
..a m
The resolution is as follows:
This is probably one of the most unusual
resolutions our body will be acting upon be-
cause it contains no 'whereases and now
therefores,
The reason is because the man to whom we
are paying tribute is one who just won't tol-
erate the redundancies of our governmental
language.
It's not unique in this day and age for a
man to be doing the same job for 50 years,
but when that job is serving as a responsible
critic and conscience to a city it behooves us
all to take a brief moment to say thank you.
For his 50 years--celebrated today-as one
of the pioneer developers and later leading
voice of the Meriden Journal and for his
good health at this significant point in your youngsters, of developing foreign countries
career.
for student grants, Dr. Teruo Ihara believes.
Ihara, associate professor of education at
the University of Hawaii was recently ap-
pointed by President Johnson to the U.S.
State Department's 12-member Board of For-
eign Scholarships.
He said, "we can't get through to these peo-
ple with handouts.
"The Red Chinese are getting through to
them via their minds. We should approach
them in the same way."
Ihara was critical of the fact that most
Fulbright grants awarded by the board to
foreigners go to students who are better off
than average socially and economically.
He said the same is true of East-West Cen-
ter grantees from foreign countries. "All
this does Is maintain the status quo."
KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH
., Scai~un le boas selection depends heavily
slon to say thank you to Sanford H. Wend- on proficiency in English, Ihara said. The
over, editor, Meriden Journal. only people who are able to learn English are
in the higher socio-economic brackets.
Yet, to keep pace in American graduate
Dr. Teruo Ihara: Add New Dimension to irchoolsi li he said; any student has to be fluent
g (All Fulbright grantees are eith-
International Understandine by In- er graduates students, researchers or lec-
- that an Intensive English training program
be started making all bright foreigners eligi-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS ble.
HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA
of The Board of Foreign Scholarships is a
July 2O 19 v 6
under which no explanation is given to a
student as to why he has been turned down.
He said the reason is that "the large number
of students involved makes It Impossible.,'
Personally, Ihara said, "I think it is in
the best interest of the United States to have
completely free interchange of ideas between
the U.S. and foreign countries.
"I think it would be great if we could ar-
range educational exchanges with Red China,
Russia and Indonesia, but these countries
are unwilling."
He said the U.S. does have student ex-
changes with Poland, Romania and Yugo-
slavia and that Burma and Ceylon recently
expressed interest in joining the Fulbright
program.
The student exchange program adopted by
Congress in 1946 was intended to be a new
dimension In international understanding.
Despite its shortcomings, Ihara said, "testi-
monies by return grantees are generally- in
agreement that increased understanding of
Americans has been one of its most impor-
tant results. And this dispelling of ugly
stereotypes about the American people is
very important."
Ihara, who has attended two of the board's
four annual meetings in Washington since
his appointment, said he has several recom-
mendations he plans to make in the future.
As a member of the Far Eastern Commit-
tee, he said he will work toward more educa-
tional and cultural exchanges with. Asia.
"Right now, about 80 percent of the ex-
changes are with Western Europe, and only
four percent with the Far East.
"The Viet Nam and Red China Situations
being what they are, I think that the next
great area of world conflict will be Southeast
Asia. If we can help these people to develop-
their capabilities to carry on viable ongoing
societies, it will add to their desire for free-
dom."
Ihara said he would also like to see more
Fulbright grants go to teachers. "Since
teachers are the ones who mold the thinkin
g
of our children, the benefits of their grants
would be multiplied."
Overregulation Can Kill
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, in the
present issue of American Heritage, there
is a very profound article on the regu-
lating of the natural wildlife in our Na-
tion, which stresses the theme that by
regulating many of the species of ani-
mal life, we are seriously tampering with
nature's balance.
In effect, by meeting our problems ith
 15678
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 20, 1966
Summary of Government aids to maritime industries
Osubsiperatingy
d
Construction
subsidy
Loans and
interest on
loans
---
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x-----------
x I----------
-
--------------
x-----------
x-----------
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x-----------
x'----------
x-----------
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x-----------
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--------------
x----------
x-----------
x-----------
x'----------
X-----------
x-----------
x-----------
X '----------
x-----------
x-----------
--------------
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X '----------
x-----------
x'----------
--------------
X 2----------
x-----------
x-----------
x'----------
x'----------
x-----------
x-----------
x-----------
x'-------
X '----------
x-----------
x-----------
x-------~--
x-----------
x-----------
x-----------
x-----------
Denmark------------------
France ---------------------
West Germany------------
Greece---------------------
Italy-----------------------
Japan----------------------
Netherlands---------------
Norway-------------------
Sweden, ------------------
United ingdom----------
United States--------------
I Domestic only.
2 Not exclusively to s
THE WAR IN VIETNAM
Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, 'the
war in Vietnam is rapidly degenerating
to the point where brutal reprisal en-
courages brutal reprisal, and neither side
will any longer be in complete control
of its own actions.
The aggressor Government of North
Vietnam has threatened to escalate hos-
tilities by brutality and threats against
captured American airmen, contrary to
all international agreements. At the
same time, the righteous anger of the
American people may well demand re-
taliation beyond the design of our policy-
makers in Washington.
And once again, civilization will have
retrogressed to the level of "an eye for
an eye-a tooth for a tooth."
All Americans pray that U.S. leader-
ship will be able to bring about the
termination of hostilities in Vietnam, at
the earliest possible date. I believe that
our citizens, as well as most of the free
world, look to Washington to supply the
kind of initiative, both military and
diplomatic, that will rule out reprisal,
and rule in a peace settlement.
Unfortunately such initiative has too
often been lacking. Unfortunately the
Pentagon and the State Department too
often react to crises and opportunities
rather than showing the initiative that
might bring about an early peace in Asia.
For instance, many of us urged the ad-
ministration months ago to strike at
strictly military targets near Hanoi and
Haiphong in order to blunt increasing
aggression in South Vietnam, and to per-
suade North Vietnam to negotiate. If
the objective is to save lives and to end
the conflict, why were such actions wrong
in January but right in July?
Last January, the administration ap-
pealed to the United Nations to play a
role toward a peaceful settlement of the
Vietnam war, and sent its representatives
to the four corners of the earth in order
to establish a broad basis for peace nego-
tiations. If new initiatives toward nego-
tiated settlement of the Vietnam war
were worth trying then, is it not now
,more important than ever before that
the United States exhaust every possi-
Jbility in the pursuit of an early and
meaningful peace?
While I advocated increased air strikes
at military targets in January, and I
support those actions taken on June 29,
there is a mounting danger today that
continued military acceleration without
an equal acceleration of peace-seeking
efforts may well result in the eventual
negotiations over a wasteland. If the
present situation continues, we may win
a military victory-but what will we
have won?
Hanoi has made it patently clear that
direct negotiations with the United
States, at this time, are out of the ques-
tion. But recent developments in Asia
offer a timely opportunity to Investigate
a new approach to a Vietnamese settle-
ment, one that may overcome Hanoi's
objections to direct U.S. involvement,
and yet an approach that would guaran-
tee consideration of U.S. interests.
The newly organized Asia and Pa-
cific Council-South Korea; Philippines,
Thailand, Japan, Australia, New Zea-
land, Republic of China, Malasia, South
Vietnam, Laos-observer-might well be
the instrument through which a new and
aggressive peace offensive could be
launched. On July 2, Charles H. Percy,
Republican senatorial candidate in Illi-
nois, suggested that an Asian attempt at
reaching a settlement of the Vietnam
conflict might be a valuable addition to
the diplomatic arsenal that has so far
been unable to breach the wall of Hanoi's
obstinance.
In short, I have long objected to a
military policy of trying to stem aggres-
sion with one arm tied behind our back.
At the same time, I am deeply concerned
that we are permitting a similar handi-
cap to hinder our efforts to find a just
peace.
Mr. President, the statement of
Charles H. Percy is the type of imagina-
tive thinking desperately needed, in and
out of Government, if our goals are to
be realized. Therefore, I ask consent to
have his statement Inserted In the
RECORD at this time.
There being no objection, the state-
ment ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
America's escalation of the war in Vietnam
In recent days, makes it imperative that we
now quicken and intensify our efforts to
seek a just peace. By bombing within 900
yards of a large civilian center, we have
multiplied the risks of this war-the risk of
Chinese intervention, the risk of enemy esca-
lation, the risk of still more casualties among
innocent men, women and children. If we
must accelerate the war-as the Adminis-
tration believes we must-then let us also
accelerate the pursuit of peace.
As we all know, the enemy has indicated
that he is not prepared to negotiate directly
with the United States. Therefore, I urge
a new approach to end this tragic war.
I earnestly suggest that a conference of all
Asian nations be called to work toward a set-
tlement of the Vietnam war. I further sug-
gest that such a conference could be called
by U Thant, Secretary-General of the United
Nations. Himself an Asian, U Thant, enjoys
the confidence of both East and West, and
would exert an influence clearly free of na-
tional self-interest.
An all-Asian "peacemaking" conference
would allow those most directly endangered
to deal directly with the problem at hand.
Its recommendations would reflect an under-
standing of the region which is essential
to the restoration of peace. It would serve
to find an Asian solution to a problem in
Asia which threatens the peace of the world.
No one could guarantee the success of such
a conference, but it is an approach worth
trying. Perhaps an Asian conference would
be only a beginning. But let us begin.
WHIRLWIND
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, a thought-provoking and
timely editorial titled, "Whirlwind-Dr.
King May Reject It but He Helped Sow
the Wind That Bred it," appeared in the
Wheeling, W. Va., Intelligencer, on July
18. I commend to the attention of my
colleagues this editorial, and I ask unani-
mous consent that it be included in the
RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD
as follows:
WHIRLWIND-DR. KING MAY REJECT IT BUT
HE HELPED SOW THE WIND THAT BRED IT
That is a fine and deceptive line the Rev.
Martin Luther King draws between racial
violence and civil disobedience.
In the King formula you make certain
demands on Government in the name of a
minority group. The demands may be, fre-
quently are, beyond the legitimate power of
Government to bestow. So you "demon-
strate" in support of them. You march en
mass. You lie down in the streets and block
traffic. You overrun a Court House. You
obstruct the public in use of sidewalks. You
interfere with the transaction of legitimate
business. You court arrest.
Your conduct is deliberately provocative.
It inspires rebellion by those you represent.
When tolerated it leads to new excesses on
the part of those into whose consciousness
has been hammered the notion that they are
an oppressed people. Its inevitable fruit is
violence. And when it comes and the au-
thorities try to restore order you shout of
police brutality.
Dr. King may preach non-violence, but it
is hardly coincidence that wherever he
moves, violence follows. He may talk of
peace, but his exhortations and demands
breed riots.
Never before in the history of this or any
other Country has so small a minority won
so many concessions in so short a time from
so large a majority.
In successive years Congress enacted
sweeping laws in behalf of our Negro citi-
zens which, in the judgment of many legal
authorities and fair minded citizens, go far
beyond both constitutional authority and a
realistic concept of civil rights. And at the
moment the lawmakers have under consider-
ation in the name of racial justice a third
piece of legislation in this series that un-
questionably does violence to even a rudi-
mentary sense of property rights.
In spite of all of this, indeed perhaps be-
cause of it, there is less satisfaction in the
Negro community today than ever before,
as witness such outbreaks as that now rock-
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July 20, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE
It reflects the high standards of workman-
ship and design which are a by-product of
the American way of life. Many of these
standards are required by law to guarantee
safety for U.S. citizens and U.S. cargoes. The
same standards, in most cases; do not pre-
vail abroad.
Ship construction in U.S. yards is gov-
erned by the following requirements: Fair
Labor Standards Act, Walsh-Healey Public
Contracts Act, Longshoremen's and Harbor
Workers' Act, Work Hours Act of 1962, Con-
vict Labor Provision, Buy American Act,
Small Business Subcontracting Program,
Labor Surplus Area Contracting Program,
Renegotiation Act of 1951, Utilization of
Small Business Concerns, Examination of
Records Provisions, Equal Opportunity,
Armed Services Procurement Regulations.
Ship construction in foreign yards can-
not be guaranteed as meeting these require-
ments without added costs-and added costs
destroy at once the illusion that a bargain is
possible through use of foreign shipyards.
The art of shipbuilding is on the brink of
dramatic changes and improvement. New
concepts and new ideas are being developed.
Future progress must not be placed exclu-
sively in the hands of other countries whose
political objectives may, in the long run, be
different than those in the United States.
Of this subject, the Chief of Naval Oper-
ations has said: "We all know that the more
ships we have constructed foi us in other
lands and the more foreign bottoms we use
to transport our exports and imports, the
less need we have for shipyards in our own
country. This, of course, means slow but
certain death of those precious skills and
know-how so essential to any sea power in-
dustry. This we cannot afford. We must
become vitally-let me repeat, vitally-con-
cerned with preserving and maintaining our
repository of trained manpower resources
found in our shipyard facilities."
Our International Union, in searching for
a solution to the existing maritime dilemma,
sponsored the National Shipbuilding Con-
ference last November, here in Washington,
D.C. This Conference was attended by rep-
resentatives of over 50 labor and manage-
ment organizations. At the conclusion of
the Conference, those in attendance adopted
a Consensus Report entitled "U.S. Shipyards,
A Vital National Asset", a copy of which is
submitted for the record. We feel this Con-
sensus Report outlines the foundations of a
program for stimulating the construction of
the merchant and naval shipyards of our
country.
Though our purpose is to create expand-
ing job opportunities for our workers with
resulting benefits to the national economy
and the defense structure, it should also be
noted that representatives of management
joined in the formulation of this consensus.
The discussions with regard to the nation's
shipbuilding requirements and needs for
merchant shipping and naval support have
for too long been marked by generalities and
speculation. There has been a reluctance-
either by design'or coincidence-to get down
to the specifics of effective solutions. There
has been too much faintheartedness and
pennypinching with'respect to the costs of
effective solutions. And in the alternative,
there has been a quickness to advocate ex-
pedient measures which ultimately would
destroy the shipyard capability of the United
States sea power.
Maritime Administrator Nicholas Johnson
has been the principal advocate of expedient
actions. His wholly destructive proposal for
the construction and repair of U.S. flag mer-
chant ships in foreign shipyards has never
been accurately assessed in terms of conse-
quences on the national economy, the loss
of employment for shipyard craftsmen, the
contraction of essential shipbuilding and
ship repairing capabilities to meet national
emergencies, and the balance of international
payments.
Instead, he has engaged in a mish-mash of
erroneous or misleading statistics, curious
arithmetic and outright hocus-pocus. He
would place shipyard contracts abroad-to
the impairment of our national interests-
and to the detriment of our shipyard work-
ers. He brands as "too expensive" something
which our great nation must have to survive.
For a nation that values dearly freedom
and security for all, a price tag should never
be placed on anything that contributes to, or
strengthens, those prized possessions. Each
day, we make a distinction between necessary
and unnecessary expenditures, and no in-
formed authority would relegate ships and
shipyards to the category of unnecessary.
Through the years, it has been proven, time
and again, that ships-both naval and mer-
chant-plus shipyards are vital to our sur-
vival and to the preservation of our precious
liberties.
From the standpoint of things which are
necessary and essential, a few comments on
the costs of each are important.
Within the framework of our "Consensus
Report", we conservatively estimate that an
annual expenditure of approximately $200
million could enable construction of ships in
U.S. shipyards toward attainment of an
American flag merchant marine which could
carry an increasing share of our :nation's
trade and commerce. Included in this
amount would be the requirements for do-
mestic shipping. Is this too high a price to
pay in an expanding economy and with an
ever-increasing trade pattern? We say "no",
especially when the expenditures will also
have the consequential effects of gainful em-
ployment for our people, stability for our
shipyards, and yields to the Federal Treasury
in, the form of personal and corporate taxes.
Certainly, a program in the magnitude of
$200 million annually "to enable the con-
struction in United States shipyards of suffi-
cient vessels to accomplish the carriage of not
less than 30%, of the exports and imports of
the United States aboard United States flag
ships by 1975", as recommended by the Mari-
time Advisory Committee of which I am _
privileged to be a member, must be carefully
conceived to permit optimum utilization of
facilities and manpower. The program
should be divided into logical yearly 1n.cre-
ments so as to achieve a realistic build-up
and so as to achieve desired objectives in a
reasonable period of time. On this basis, we
firmly believe that Congressional approval
will be forthcoming.
In the area of research and development
for maritime and shipbuilding purposes, the
pitiful level of governmental support in the
last decade can only be explained by an
absolute failure of federal leadership and
bureaucratic bungling. No such misman-
agement has been associated with the alloca-
tion of.federal funds and national resources
for aircraft and aerospace research and de-
velopment, and there is no question about
our nation's superiority in these fields. A
fraction of what is spent for space research
and development would vastly strengthen
the American Merchant Marine and we
therefore believe that an annual appro-
priation of $100 million for 5 years for mari-
time and shipyard research and development
is not unrealistic or unreasonable. Here
again, a-careful program, incorporating the
best ideas of labor, industry and government
must be devised so as to take advantage of
advancing technologies and new concepts.
Opportunities for nuclear propulsion and
complete transportation systems must be
fully explored. Such an effort, however, can-
not succeed without government leadership
and financial support.
Mr. Chairman, and members of the Com-
mittee, I believe I speak most candidly when
I say that the shipyard workers of this coun-
try-and their counterparts in other Amer-
ican industries-strenuously resent the ha-
rangue of a single governmental official--the
Maritime Administrator-who would take
away all or part of their livelihood through
foreign shipbuilding and ship repairing. We
are also disturbed by the fact that he con-
tinues on this course despite statements of
other Administration officials to the contrary.
In this sort of vacuum, the Congress must
exert leadership-if not, we are fast ap-
proaching the point of no return beyond
which retrieval of an essential maritime
capability will be many times more costly
than we presently anticipate-if not almost
impossible. We, of the labor movement,
are therefore deeply gratified by the Com-
mittee's searching scrutiny of the present
serious situation-and we are fully confident
that your decisions, recommendations and
actions will be in the right direction.
Argentina ----------------------- --------
Brazil------------------------------------
Canad.a-----------------------------------
Chile.....................................
Colorn bia---------------------------------
Costa Rica----- -------------------------
Ecuador----------------------------------
Guatemala-------------------------------
Haiti-------------------------------------
Honduras- ------------------------------
Mexico-----------------------------------
Nicaragua--------------------------------
Panama----------------------------------
Peru -----
United States----------------------------
Uruguay- ?--?--??----------??------
Venezuela- -?------------------
I Consists of meeting deficits incurred in the operation of ships owned by the Government or in which they have
an interest. No operating subsidy is granted to private companies.
I The Government owns and operates the major shipyard.
The Government owned or controlled steamship line is exempt from taxes.
4 Coastal trade only.
+ Suspended February 1966:
4 The Government owns the controlling interest in the major shipyard:
Operating
subsidy
x I---------
x I---------
X4 ---------
X I---------
X1 ---------
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X I---------
x i---------
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X I---------
x.----------
X I---------
X I---------
Construction
subsidy
x'---------
x----------
x ?---------
--------------
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--------------
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--------------
--------------
X I---------
X-----------
Tax
benefits
Loans and
interest on
loans
x-----------
x-----------
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 July 20, 1966
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15671
of law clause of the Constitution. This
subparagraph as I have pointed out,
makes it a crime for a person who is in
the business of building, developing, sell-
ing, renting, or leasing dwellings, and
who is not exempted under 403 (b), to fail
or refuse to use his best efforts to con-
summate any sale, rental, or lease be-
cause of race, color, religion, or national
origin of any party to the prospective
sale, rental pr lease. How is it to be de-
termined what constitutes an individ-
ual's best efforts? There would always
be room to say that he might have done
something more, or might have done
something sooner, or might have done
something in a 'different way, which
would have had a different result. Is the
mere failure to have done things in a
different way, or sooner, to be made the
basis for a criminal prosecution?
That is what we will be getting to if
we approve subsection 4 of subsection
403 (a), as recommended by the commit-
tee of the other body.
There is at least one more unconstitu-
tional, provision in subsection 403(a).
It is to be found in subparagraph 7 of
that subsection, which makes it a crime
for any person in the business of build-
ing, developing, selling, renting, or leas-
ing dwellings, and who is not exempted
under 403(b), to engage in any act or
practice, the purpose of which is to limit
or restrict the availability of housing to
any person or group of persons because
of race, color, religion, or national origin..
This provision is unconstitutional be-
cause it purports to make an act criminal
simply by reason of the purpose with
which the act is done.
This is bad, in the first place, because
evidence with respect to purpose is ex-
tremely difficult to establish, purpose be-
ing a subjective matter, so that except
on the basis of the direct testimony of
the person charged with the offense, it
would be virtually impossible to prove
purpose with a sufficient particularity to
meet the standards for a criminal
statute.
Entirely aside from this point, how-
ever, subparagraph 7 of subsection
403(a) is void because purposes- are
thoughts, and only acts, not thoughts,
can constitute crimes..
Subparagraph 7 does not require that
the act or practice be successful in ac-
complishing the prohibited purpose. The
subparagraph does not even require that
the act or practice be reasonably calcu-
lated to serve the prohibited purpose. It
makes the mere holding of the purpose,
and the performing of any act or the
engaging in any practice, pursuant to
that purpose, malum prohibitum.
Under this subparagraph the act or
practice is bad because of the nature of
the act or practice.
The absurd results which would come
about if this language should be enacted
into law can be shown by a single exam-
ple. Under the provisions of subpara-
graph 7 of section 403(a), as recom-
mended by the committee of the other
body, all of the good people who last year
wrote letters to editors, protesting the
sale of a particular dwelling to the Soviet
Union for use as an embassy and living
quarters for members of the U.S.S.R.
diplomatic staff, would have been guilty
of criminal acts, because unquestionably
their purpose in writing the letters was
to limit or restrict the availability of that
particular dwelling on the basis of na-
tional origin.
How silly can you get?
Subsection 403 (c) of the revised ver-
sion of H.R. 14765 is also new language,
and may be regarded by some as in-
volving an improvement over the orig-
inal bill. But it is not. This is a very
puzzling provision. The subsection reads
as follows:
Nothing in this section shall bar any re-
ligious or denominational institution, or any
charitable or educational institution or or-
ganization which is operated, supervised or
controlled by or in conjunction with a re-
ligious organization, or any bona fide pri-
vate or fraternal organization, from giving
preference to persons of the same religion or
denomination, or to members of such private
or fraternal organization, or from making
such selection as is calculated by such or-
ganization to promote the religious princi-
ples or the aims, purposes, or fraternal prin-
ciples for which it is established or main-
tained.
It is easy to vision certain situations
in which this subsection would apply, but
it is hard to see exactly where it would
stop. It could be contended that this
subsection might operate as an invita-
tion to the Ku Klux Klan to go into the
property management business. If the
KKK can be deemed a bona fide private
or fraternal organization, then it would
appear,, that subsection 403(c) would
operate as a license to the Klan to make
such selection of its tenants as it cal-
culates would promote the aims, pur-
poses, or fraternal principles for which it
was established and is maintained. Most
likely, that would be completely segre-
gated housing.
Similarly, under this subsection, the
Black Muslims, being a religious orga-
nization according to their own claim,
certainly would be authorized to operate
all-Negro housing projects, pursuant to
their religious principle of racial segre-
gation.
On the other hand, a neighborhood
citizens association in an area of Mary-
land or Virginia suburban to Washing-
ton, not being religious, or denomina-
tional, charitable, or educational, would
'have to establish to the satisfaction of
the court, or of the new Fair Housing
Board, that it was a bona fide private or
fraternal organization, in order to be
able to resist encroachment upon its
neighborhood of what its members might
deem to be undesirable neighbors.
The ruling would be, of course, that
the citizens association was neither pri-
vate nor fraternal and that any action
it might take in the direction of selec-
tivity in housing would be deemed im-
proper discrimination.
Section 403(c) is confusing as well as
puzzling. If it should be enacted, it
might raise enough problems to hamper
enforcement efforts, and perhaps it is,
in that-sense, an improvement over the
original bill. But it is not good legisla-
tion. It is not well drafted. It rests on
a false principle, for it says in effect that
religious or denominational institutions,
or charitable or educational institutions
operated, supervised, or controlled by or
in conjunction with religious institutions,
or bona fide private or fraternal organi-
zations, have the right of private prop-
erty to a greater degree than individuals.
This I cannot accept, for it is false. I
do not count subsection 403 (c) as one of
the five instances in which it may be
claimed the revised version of the bill
is an improvement. It is not.
Under subsection 408(d) of'the revised
version of H.R. 14765, the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development is to
undertake investigations of alleged viola-
tions "either upon the receipt of a writ-
ten statement of a person alleging to be
aggrieved or his representative, or on
the basis of'information available to the
Secretary indicating that there are rea-
sonable grounds to believe that a viola-
tion may have occurred."
Since this language is stated in the
alternative, it seems quite clear that
while the Secretary must have available
to him facts indicating reasonable
grounds to believe that a violation may
have occurred, in order to act upon the
basis of his own information, there is
no such requirement of reasonable
grounds when the Secretary receives a
written statement of a person alleging to
be aggrieved, or a written statement of
a representative of a person alleging to
be aggrieved.
Mr. President, whatever may be the
decision of the Congress with respect to
the need for new legislation against dis-
crimination in housing, assuredly we do
not need a new court, by whatever name,
to provide enforcement machinery. We
do not need a new quasi-judicial body for
this purpose.
State courts and the Federal courts are
open. Enforcement of any proper legis-
lative purpose can be achieved through
these courts. Necessary adjudication
under any constitutional law can be pro-
vided by these courts. It is not necessary
for the achievement of any proper objec-
tive to legislate special and discrimina-
tory remedies, or arbitrary procedures, or
vast inquisitorial powers and vast regu-
latory powers combined in the same
hands.
It is not necessary, Mr. President, to
create a body which partakes at one and
the same time of the attributes of ad-
ministrator, enforcer, prosecutor, adju-
dicator, and litigant. But this is what
the revised version of H.R. 14765 would
do.
Far from being an improvement, Mr.
President, this bill which h a?' been re-
ported to the other body by its )Committee
is substantially moors t n t e original.
I would not have thu t t at possible,
THE ESCALATION OF
FRIGHTFULNESS
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, in
yesterday's Washington Post there ap-
peared a very thoughtful and timely
column by that distinguished columnist,
Walter Lippmann, entitled, "The Escala-
tion of Frightfulness." It speaks for it-
self. I would like to read it in full.
However, in the interest of saving time, I
ask unanimous consent that it be printed
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In the RECORD, and I hope that people
pay careful, attention to what is pointed
out in the article.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
TODAY AND TOMORROW: THE ESCALATION OF
FRIGHTFULNESS
(By Walter Lippmann)
Because the Vietnamese war cannot be de-
cided by military means, it has become in-
creasingly a vicious spiral in frightfulness.
Because it is both a civil war of Vietnamese
against Vietnamese and at the sarpe time it
war of Vietnamese against foreign white men,
it is, as such wars usually are, increasingly
ferocious and barbarous. Unable to subdue
the other side by conventional military ac?-
tions, each side tries to overcome the enemy
by destroying his will to fight. Frightfulness
begets frightfulness and anger demands
vehge,ance, and all that remains is a fury
which, insofar as it reasons at all, thinks
that by topping frightfulness with more
frightfulness, the enemy will be silenced and
paralyzed.
The world is now confronted with this es-
calation of frightfulness. To the American
threat to bomb closer and closer to the pop-
ulated regions of North Vietnam, Hanoi is
replying by increasing its mobilization, by
evacuating the civilian population from
Hanoi and Haiphong, and by threatening to
try the captive American fliers, humiliate
them, and use them as hostages in the war
of frightfulness, and, in the end, perhaps
even to execute them.
There is no doubt that this treatment of
the fliers would evoke dire reprisals. The
warning of Secretary General U Thant and
the declaration of the senators who have
dissented from the Johnson policy in the
war are accurate. They are telling the truth
in calling the attention of Hanoi to the fact
that the punishment of the prisoners of war
would make the war, frightful as it is already,
still more frightful. For the ultimate weap-
ons of frightfulness are in the hands of the
United States, and no one who knows this
country and the character of the President
can be sure that they will not be used if
the escalation of frightfulness continues.
In this escalation we are approaching the
point of no return, the point where the war
becomes inexpiable, where it becomes in-
capable of rational solution, where it be-
comes a war of endless killing, a suicidal war
of extermination. The war is not yet at that
point. But the war will pass that point of.
no return If the prisoners are executed and
the North Vietnamese cities are destroyed in
retaliation.
There is great honor and glory to be had
by anyone speaking for the civilized con-
science of mankind, who interrupts and.
breaks the vicious spiral.
ANOTHER DOWNTURN IN DAIRY
PRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS NEED
FOR EARLY ACTION ON SCHOOL
MILK PROGRAM LEGISLATION
Mr. PROKIVIIRE. Mr. President, In
years past the special milk program for
schoolchildren has been championed as
a means of keeping dairy income up by
encouraging schoolchildren to drink
milk that otherwise might become sur-
plus, Today there is no substantial milk
surplus problem, In fact dairy produc-
tion has dropped off substantially. The
reason? Dairy farmers, who have to
invest a great deal of time and money
in their business, are not getting enough
of a return on their investment to make
it worthwhile for them to stay in the
,dairy business.
Some have,podnted to this reduction
in milk production as a reason for cut-
ting back on the school milk program.
Yet the school milk program can serve
a very valuable purpose by raising dairy
farm income and thus keeping many
dairy farmers from selling their farms.
The milk program accounts for ap-
proximately 2.5 percent of the milk con-
sumed in the United States. If this
valuable tool for keeping milk demand
high were dropped even more dairy
farmers would be forced out of business
as prices plummeted. The ultimate re-
sult would be a frightening increase in
dairy prices as fewer producers struggled
to meet the needs of a young and ever-
expanding population.
The need for early action by the House
on legislation extending the school milk
program was highlighted this week by
the release of figures indicating that
June milk production hit a 27-year low.
Milk production was the smallest for any
June since 1939. It is noteworthy that
at the same time as absolute production
hit a 27-year low, milk production per
cow was up 3 percent over June of 1965.
This simply means that dairy herd sales
are so great that, despite fantastic in-
creases in productivity over the past
25 years, total production has gone down.
Consequently I deeply hope that the
House will reaffirm its support for the
school milk program and. at the same
time give dairy farm income a shot in
the arm by approving legislation ex-
tending the school milk program,
THE LATE HONORABLE J. FRED
BUZHARDT, SR., OF ]VIcCORMICK,
July 6, 1966, I suffered a deep personal
loss in the death by heart failure of a
longtime friend and former law partner,
the Honorable J. Fred Buzhardt, Sr., of
McCormick, S.C.
Earlier this year he was unanimously
elected by the South Carolina General
.Assembly to the bench of the 11th judi-
cial circuit and would have been sworn in
this November. -
He would have made an outstanding
judge, just as he had made an outstand-
ing citizen, attorney, and legislator. He
would have brought to the bench that
rare quality of a great legal mind, tem-
pered by deep compassion and under-
standing for all his fellowmen.
A kind and unpretentious man, Judge
Buzhardt began his career in the offices
of my father and myself in Edgefield,
S.C. Later he moved to McCormick
where he and I founded a branch law
partnership, maintained jointly until I
resigned to become a State judge in the
same circuit to which he was later
elected. He continued his law practice
in McCormick until the time of his death.
During his life in McCormick, Judge
Buzhardt served as town and county at-
torney and as chairman of the board of
trustees for the McCormick schools. He
July 20, 1966
also served as vice chairman of the South
Carolina Board of Corrections, member
and associate counsel of the Clarks Hi11
Authority, and as a member of the board
of directors of the South Carolina Peni-
tentiary. A member of the South Caro-
lina House of Representatives since 1963,
his record of public service reflects singu-
lar and worthwhile contributions to his
State and Nation. A dedicated and as-
tute legislator, his death came at the
climaxof his legal career when he would
have become one of the last self-taught
attorneys to assume the bench. of a South
Carolina court.
A profound student of the Constitu-
tion, Judge Buzhardt understood its true
purpose and upheld it with great zeal
and vision. He strongly valued the great
heritage handed down by our forefathers,
and throughout his life he directed his
effor toward preservation of those hard-
won liberties. His community, State,
and Nation are better places because of
the services he rendered during the past
40 years.
. J. Fred Buzhardt, Sr., was also a man
of great personal qualities. He possessed
tremendous courage,' unquestioned integ-
rity and was a tireless worker. He ap-
plied his immense ability to numerous
problems, large and small, and, if an
equitable solution was possible, he found
it. He gave freely of himself in many
worthwhile causes, and only a few who
knew him intimately were aware of hun-
dreds of acts performed outside the lime-
light and of the many lives his hand had
touched.
Possessed of a deep basic faith in God,
his stewardship was an example for all
to follow. He used his talents in the
service of his church, and through this
work favorably influenced the lives of
many young persons as well as others
who passed his way.
Judge Buzhardt left a loving mother, a
devoted wife, and one child, a capable
son, J. Fred Buzhardt, Jr., four fine
grandchildren, one brother, and three
sisters, and other family connections.
His son, J. Fred Buzhardt, Jr.., has been
a member of my staff for the past 9 years
and is now serving in the top position in
my office, as administrative assistant.
This worthy son is possessed of a brilliant
mind and is a patriotic and dedicated
citizen like his fine father. To all of the
members of his family I extend my deep-
est and heartfelt sympathy.
In the passing of Judge Bu.zhardt the
State of South Carolina and our Nation
have lost an able legislator, a profound
lawyer, a patriotic and public-spirited
citizen, and a fine Christian gentleman.
Judge J. Fred Buzhardt was one of the
closest friends I ever had, and I feel a
special and singular loss in his death. I
ask unanimous consent to insert a series
of newspaper articles and editorials, and
the sermon given at his funeral, in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. These articles
and my remarks reflect in a small meas-
ure the high esteem in which Judge Buz-
hardt was held.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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payments balance. But it points out that
the government's calculation fails to allow
for the "substitution" effect. The aid-receiv-
ing country, in other words, may use its aid
dollars merely to buy goods it would other-
wise have bought here commercially with
dollars it already, owned. It is then able to
transfer its earned dollars for purchases in
other countries.
SUBSTITUTION EFFECT
Strong evidence that this is happening on
a large scale is provided by a comparison of
our aid to and trade with Latin America.
U.S. net disbursements to Latin America al-
most doubled from the level of thet1956-1960
period, when they averaged rdughly $360
million, to an average of about $652 million
over the 1961-1964 period. Total Latin Amer-
ican imports went up from an average of
$7,650,000,000 a year between 1956 and 1960
to an annual average of $8,060,000,000 during
1961-1964, an average increase of $413 mil-
lion. Yet total Latin American imports from
the U.S. declined by an average of $100 mil-
lion, despite the doubling of total aid and
the "tying" of such aid.
There is reason to think that the "substi-
tution" principle has an even wider appli-
cation than the IEPA study estimates, but
there is not space to consider its ramifica-
tions here. If the study has a serious weak-
ness, it is in not giving sufficient emphasis to
the effect of inflation and our chronic budget
deficits in making the deficit in the balance
of payments inevitable.
But the great merit of the study is its proof
of the harmfulness of governmental re-
straints on foreign investment. A substan-
tial part of our exports depends upon such
investment.- The study urges the govern-
ment to give assurances that, in addition to
maintaining the gold value of the dollar, it
will not try to restrict or control the move-
ment of capital. "The only really long-run
factor working in the direction of eliminating
deficits," the study insists, "is the growth in
exports, income, royalties and fees which are
related to direct private investments abroad.
Any prolonged limitations i this area can
serve only to weaken ph t ver long-range
strength there is irhth U. Ition."
CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATES'
TRIPS TO SOUTH VIETNAM
(Mr. CURTIS (at the request of Mr.
SMITH o; New York) was granted per-
-mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, several
Members have requested that a copy of
the letter of the Honorable MENDEL
RIVERS and the Honorable WILLIAM H.
BATES, chairman and ranking Republican
member of the House Armed Services
Committee to Secretary of Defense Rob-
ert S. McNamara on the subject of con-
gressional office seekers going to South
Vietnam to which reference was made
during the debate on the Defense Ap-
propriation Act be placed in the RECORD.
I am happy to do so. The administra-
tion's actions in encouraging and ac-
commodating this kind of politicking are
hard to understand.
The letter is as follows:
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES,
-Washington, D.C., July 19, 1966.
Hon. ROBERT S. MCNAMARA,
'Secretary of Defense,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: We, the under-
signed, the Chairman and the ranking Re-
}iublican of the House Armed Services Com-
mittee, are advised that there have been,
and are presently, congressional office seek-
ers in Viet Nam, dressed in military attire,
being briefed by our top military leaders,
being transported in military vehicles, air-
craft and naval vessels and, in general, con-
suming the time of our key personnel of our
Armed Forces. In our judgment, this politi-
cal junketing should be banned forthwith.
Even if such trips were advisable, it is diffi-
cult to see how we can accord such privileges
to a few without extending the same oppor-
tunity to all. This would result in an utterly
impossible situation.
Some Members of Congress, for investiga-
tive and legislative purposes, need to travel
to war zones. We have been urged by the
Administration, and privately by military
leaders, to keep these visits to a minimum
and we concur and have complied with these
expressed desires of the Executive Branch of
our government.
On the other hand, we deplore the ex-
cursions of those who have no responsibility
in this area and who only serve to clutter
up our limited facilities and impose upon the
time and patience of our hard pressed com-
manders who are trying to protect the lives
of American men who have been sent there.
Political bally-hoc has no place in an area
where Americans are dying. Some of the
statements which we have read border on or
are breaches of American security and should
not be countenanced.
Very truly yours,
MENDEL RIVERS,
Chairman.
WILLIAM H. BATES,
BILL INTRODUCED TO PROHIBIT
THE MAILING OF UNSOLICITED
SAMPLE DRUGS AND OTHER PO-
TENTIALLY HARMFUL ITEMS TO
THE GENERAL PUBLIC
(Mr. KUPFERMAN (at the request of
Mr. SMITH of New York) was_ granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I
have today introduced a bill, H.R. 16391
to amend title 39, United States Code to
prohibit the mailing to the general public
of unsolicited sample drug products and
other potentially harmful items.
The problem this bill covers, was
brought to my attention by one of my
constituents, Mrs. Victor R. Struber,
which is that unsolicited commercial
items that are potentially dangerous to
children and others, are being sent
through the mail.
Numbered among the products involved
are razor blades, drugs and chemicals.
While the senders of these articles may
not be conscious of the accidents that
could result, I feel it is a bad business
practice and should be stopped. As in
many other areas, what is good or not
harmful to adults may be bad and harm-
ful to children.
The bill I have introduced today will
put an end to this type of commercial
advertising, and the items involved will
still be available in the normal course of
business.
OFFICE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
OPENED IN WASHINGTON, D.C.
(Mr. KUPFERMAN at the request of
(Mr. SMITH of New York) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I
had the privilege this morning of attend-
ing the opening of the Office of the City
of New York in Washington, D.C., at 1730
K Street NW.
This is a major step forward for urban
areas, a first of its kind, and acknowl-
edges the fact, long honored only by suf-
ferance, that the activities of this Con-
gress and of the agencies of the Federal
Government have a major significance in
the future of urban centers.
Not until the election of a former
Member of this House, my predecessor,
the Honorable John V. Lindsay, as
mayor, however, did New York City ac-
cept this obvious fact.
Mayor Lindsay is to be commended on
his perspicacity.
Members of the Congress from New -
York City attending the opening in-
cluded: Senator JACOB K. JAVITS, and
Congressmen JOSEPH P. ADDABBO, JONA-
THAN B. BINGHAM, LEONARD -FARBSTEIN,
SEYMOUR HALPERN, EUGENE J. KEOGH,
BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, WILLIAM F.
RYAN, and JAMES H. SCHEUER.
I set forth here, Mr. Speaker, a copy
of the announcement by Mayor Lindsay
of the opening of the New York City office
in Washington, D.C., and his statement
with respect thereto.
OFFICE OF MAYOR JOHN V. LINDSAY, CITY HALL,
NEW YORK CITY
Mayor John V. Lindsay today officiated at
the opening of New York City's Washington
office.
Members of the New York City Congres-
sional delegation were expected to attend
the opening at 9 A.M. Both New York Sen-
ators were also invited.
The four-room office is located at 1730 "K"
Street, N.W. The Mayor said its purpose was
to develop "an effective working relationship
between the City and the Federal Govern-
ment in matters of common interest."
In announcing the office opening, Mayor
Lindsay said, "We are in sight of a new era-
an era of urban renaissance which can be
brought about through the joint efforts of
the Federal Government and the Cities. But
this new era will not occur automatically."
"Cities must fully understand and learn
to work with Federal programs and the Fed-
eral Government must fully appreciate and
learn to work with the problems of the Cities.
"In view of the fiscal straight-jacket in
which regions like the New York City area
today find themselves, it is essential that we
do all we can to make maximum use of avail-
able resources. The establishment of a New
York City office here in Washington will do
much to achieve this end."
Mayor Lindsay outlined the functions of
the City's Washington office as follows:
1. To serve as a liaison office between the
City and Federal Agencies.
2. To coordinate the City's dealings with
the Federal Government in order to take
maximum advantage of Federal programs.
3. To assure that the Federal Government
is kept informed of the problems, needs, and
views of the City.
4. To keep the City fully informed of rele-
vant Federal legislative and administrative
developments.
5. To formulate necessary legislative pro-
posals.
The Mayor also announced that he had
asked Murray Drabkin, a long-time associate,
to set up the office and to get it under way.
Mr. Drabkin, a lawyer, has had extensive
experience in Washington, where he served
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
as counsel to the House Committee on the
Judiciary. More recently, as Mayor Lindsay's
Special Consultant on Tax Policy, Mr. Drab-
kin was chiefly responsible for formulating
the Mayor's overhaul of the City's tax sys-
tem.
Miss Marian G. Clow, former administrative
secretary to the Mayor when he was a Con-
gressman in Washington, will serve as office
manager of the New York City office In
Washington.
Mayor Lindsay was present at the
opening of the office and later gave a
talk at the Sheraton-Park Hotel ana-
lyzing his approach to the problems of
Federal-city relationships.
This address Is here set forth in full.
TEXT OF REMARKS BY MAYOR JOHN V. LINDSAY
AT INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM ASSOCIATION,
WASHINGTON, D.C., JULY 20,19 66
I'm in Washington this morning for two
purposes: To address this gathering and to
open the first full-time, professionally-
staffed office in Washington for the repre-
sentation of New York City. The major pur-
poses of the office are to provide New York
City timely, continuing information about
legislative programs and executive actions; to
pursue City applications for Federal assist-
ance and to maintain closer liaison with the
New York City Congressional delegation, and,
for that matter, all delegations.
The office has a name, a street address,
desks, letterheads and a telephone number.
The office, however, symbolizes much more
than what may seem to be a pressure group
working in behalf of the nation's largest
city; the office stands for a conscious, rea-
soned objective of New York:
It is to achieve a creative federalism-one
which operates vertically as well as horizon-
tally. Heretofore, federalism has been inter-
preted as a division of powers and a separa-
tion of functions at the highest level, which
is to say, the Federal level.
Our belief is that the cities are not wards
of the Federal government, that they neither
seek nor appreciate the hand-me-down
status that Is sometimes assigned to them,
and that the stronger the relationship be-
tween those of us who serve the nation and
those of us who serve its political subdivi-
sions, the better the principles of Federalism
will be fulfilled.
I should like to document that somewhat
generalized viewpoint with specific examples
of what New York City now is doing to sim-
plify, to expedite and to solidify its relation-
ship with the Federal Government.
First, we are consolidating over 50 munici-
pal departments and agencies under twelve
administrations. The Federal Government
operates with 11 cabinet-level departments;
we intend to operate New York City in much
the same. way.
Early this month, for example, we estab-
lished an Administration of Health Services.
It brings together under one command our
21 municipal hospitals, our nurses, our re-
search staff, and all of the City's programs
directed toward the protection of New
Yorkers aaginst illness and disease.
On the face of it, an apparently simple
administrative reorganization is less than
exciting. The realignment, however, has
been termed by Dr. Howard Rusk as "a
milestone." He said of the new Administra-
tor, Dr. Howard J. Brown: "He Is a mag-
nificent choice to chart the new courses in
administrative procedures and patient-
centered philosophy ... With the help and
understanding of all New Yorkers a new
era of health services in New York City
should emerge."
We also have `consolidated the City's
budgeting and bookkeeping under one head,
the Administrator of Finance. It is his
assignment` to coordinate the preparation
of the budget, the collection of revenues,
Approved
the assessment of taxes, and other City fiscal
responsibilities.
We are bringing together under a single
Administration of Human Resources those
City programs concerned with what I be-
lieve to be New York City's greatest single
problem: The plight of the poor. Under this
administration, a top executive will be
charged with the formulation and the execu-
tion of programs and policies concerned with
welfare, the anti-poverty program, youth
work, and job development.
I think that In some respects our plans
surpass the functioning consolidation
achieved on a Federal level. For example,
we are establishing a transportation admin-
istration to correlate the movement of peo-
ple and goods within New York City, which
Involves a stoplight in a residential neigh-
borhood as well as the construction of a new
subway tube beneath the East River. The
Federal Government has not yet given trans-
portation departmental status. I would pre-
dict, however, as such interstate transporta-
tion problems as jet airplane noises and the
abandonment of passenger service are mag-
nified, that Federal Government will be com-
pelled to give transportation an equal voice
at the cabinet table with other departments.
Second, we in New York have conscien-
tiously sought out men and women with an
Interstate or national viewpoint for posi-
tions in this administration. We feel this is
valuable because in our developing relations
with the state and Federal governments-
relations which will to a large degree dictate
the eventual ability of New York and other
cities to meet the difficulties and travails im-
posed upon every urban center.
Accordingly, we have been able to recruit
to New York City many prestigious staff
members :
J. Lee Rankin, former Solicitor General of
the United States, is serving as the City's
Corporation Counsel;
Howard R. Leary, former Police Commis-
sioner in Philadelphia now directs New York's
28,000-man police force;
Austin Heller, formerly with the Air Pol-
lution Division of the United States Public
Health Service in Cincinnati, is our new Com-
missioner of Air Pollution;
The City's Transportation Administrator Is
Arthur Palmer, who once served. as Assistant
General Counsel of the Lend Lease Adminis-
tration;
Dr. Efren Ramirez, who achieved remark-
able successes in the treatment of drug ad-
dicts in Puerto Rico, has joined the City as
our Narcotics Coordinator;
The new Chairman of the Housing and Re-
development Board is Jason R. Nathan, a
former regional director of the Federal Urban
Renewal Administration;
George F. McGrath, the well-known Com-
missioner of Correction for the State of
Massachusetts, is serving in a similar capacity
In New York;
My chief advisor on the reorganization and
reform of the City's archaic and insufficient
tax structure was Murray DTabkin. Mr.
Drabkin was Chief Counsel for a sub-oom-
mittee of the House Judiciary Committee that
wrote an extensive report on state and local
taxation policies. He will direct the Wash-
ington office we opened this morning.
In addition, New York City has been served
in a consultant capacity by Mitchell Sviridoff,
the nationally-respected expert on social
problems from New Haven, Connecticut, and
Edward Logue, who in Boston created a fresh,
humanitarian approach to the development
of more handsome, more constructive neigh-
borhoods within the City.
It is common knowledge in Washington
that my administration has called upon the
Bureau of the Budget for both advice and
talent.
We have borrowed from the Federal Gov-
ernment in other areas Our Department of
Purchase has.been given enomously helpful
July 20, 1966
advice from its federal counterpart, the Sup-
ply Service of the General Services Adminis-
tration. As a result, we are buying more
cheaply, and we are making better use of
warehouse space. The Department also has
established a motor pool based on the G.S.A.
policies for the assignment of motor vehicles
to government officials and employees.
Perhaps every mayor who has addressed a
Washington audience has devoted a portion
of his talk to a plea for greater Federal
assistance in the solution of the varied and
manifest problems he confronts. I: shall net
be an exception.
First, however, I think It proper to take
note of the Federal Government's :Increasing
interest in cities-most importantly, the
creation of the Federal Department of
Housing and Urban Development.
Medicare, specifically, is important to New
York. Heretofore, New York City has carried
the full burden of providing medical and
hospital care for the aged who could not
afford private treatment or hospital care.
Medicare is relieving New York and other
cities of a great portion of that burden. In
the wake of the passage of the Medicare Act
last year, many states have undertaken sup-
plementary plans, one of the most ambitious
being the "Medicaid" program in New York
State. Medicaid will provide state financing
to those unable to afford private health serv-
ices regardless of age. Inasmuch as New
York City this fiscal year is spending in
excess of $550 million on hospitals and health
services, State and Federal assistance is wel-
come. It is sensibly directed toward the
needs of the cities, where a great majority
of the indigent are living.
As I said, mayors who come to Washington
customarily pack with them a standardized
appeal for additional financial help. I won't
belabor this gathering with a repetitive-re-
cital of these entreaties. I should say, how-
ever, on behalf of myself and other mayors,
that we believe Federal assistance should
be more directly allocated to the cities. Our
reasoning is not complex; it Is based upon
the undisputed statistic that two of three
Americans live in or around a city and the
percentage is growing dally. In other words,
when we speak of the Federal Government's
responsibility to its citizens, we in effect are
talking about those who live in our urban
centers.
Yet the stated goals of our national gov-
ernment often seem to run contrary to the
clear and uneontradicted needs of our urban
society. All of us are conversant with those
needs-the need for better schools, the need
for safety In the streets and in the parks,
the need for livable housing, the need for
modern transportation systems, the need for
available, reliable medical care.
Almost all of these needs arise from a
single source. That source is poverty. It
Is mystifying that Congress did not approve
a supplementary appropriation of $250 mil-
lion in the Anti-Poverty Program for the
last fiscal year-an increase which I urged
the Congress to approve on behalf of the
National Conference of Mayors. The United
States spends more than $7 billion a year
on agriculture, it has programmed upwards
of $20 billion to explore the moon, and De-
fense Department spending approaches $60
billion a year. The same Federal budget
provides only token funding for The Presi-
dent's Demonstration Cities Act.
As the astute Washington correspondent
of the New York Times, James Reston, has
noted:
. a Great Society ... could, the way
things are going, end up first in peace, first
on the moon and last In the big American
city slums."
I should make it clear In this rather som-
ber report that we In the cities do not seek a
dole. We realize that a search for Individual
self-sufficiency should precede any justifi-
able requests for aid.
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July 20, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
ARMED SERVICES-SELECTED EX-
TENDED ' TENURE PERSONNEL
PROGRAM
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, today I have
introduced what I term a "selected ex-
tended tenure personnel program" for
the armed services. This would allow
members of the Armed Forces to take
up permanent residence after 20 years
or more of active duty and still remain
in the service. Participants could con-
tinue their service jobs until the age of
62. The plan would be completely
optional for servicemen, be they officers
or enlisted men. They would have to
volunteer in order to be eligible.
I have a special order during which I
will elucidate on this subject, and I in-
vite all Members to participate. I be-
lieve this is a good plan, based upon the
personnel needs of the service. It would
provide a means through which men who
have devoted years of service to our
Nation could continue the skills they
have acquired in the Armed Forces and
at the same time could take up per-
manent residence without fear of being
transferred.
Many retirees are failing to find jobs
which even partially utilize the skills and
experience they gained at great training
costs to the Government. This problem
will increase as World War II retirees
continue their exodus. The services
logically should be able to use the skills
of their retiring people better than most
other employers.
It would solve a retraining problem.
Besides, it would be a saving of over
$437,500,000 annually to the services.
. I Invite all those who may to be pres-
ent and participate.
SHOCKING ATTITUDE OF THE FED-
ERAL AVIATION AGENCY
(Mr. FINO asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, I want to
bring to the attention of this House the
shocking attitude of the Federal Aviation
Agency toward people and property in
the path of the low-flying jets recently
routed into New York's La Guardia Air-
port.
Thanks to FAA callousness or negli-
gence, low-flying jets are screaming into
La Guardia Airport on routes which
bring them only a few hundred feet
above the residential areas of the north-
east Bronx and Westchester. The resi-
dential area of my district-Clason
Point-just across the sound from the
airport, is being blasted out of existence
by these jets.
Jets awake the people at 5:45 a.m.
Jets leave soot all over local buildings and
fixtures; jets blast the area with a vol-
ume and intensity of noise that frightens
the young and very old for their lives.
When I sent a polite letter to the FAA,
hoping to be reasonable, I received dou-
bletalk about the President's belief that
"there is no single or swift solution to
these complex problems." Then the
FAA told the gentleman from New York,
Congressman REID, and myself that some
"change" was being considered. But the
date has come and gone. They are still
stalling.
I am tired of this game. I want ac-
tion. The people of my district are being
jolted out of their skins.
Recently, the gentleman from New
York, Congressman WYDLER, out of con-
cern for the aircraft noise in his subur-
ban Long Island district, offered an
amendment to the NASA authorization
bill to provide for research into means of
controlling aircraft noise. All the New
York area Republicans voted for the
amendment, but the administration gave
its supporters orders to oppose it, so it
lost.
I am getting a little suspicious of FAA
routing of jet aircraft. It seems that the
jets only come in low over Republican
districts. If the FAA cannot solve this
problem, then there is something wrong
with them. There are plenty of com-
mercial areas and water routes the jets
might fly over.
If this problem is not straightened out,
I am going to take a very dim view of
FAA appropriations next time, There
are too many people getting too few re-
sults. Problems like the La Guardia
runway system need action, not talk.
And now is the time for action.
(Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina
asked and was given permission to ad-
dress the House for 1 minute and to re-
vise and extend his remarks.)
[Mr. BROYHILL or~N rth Carolina
addressed the House. re arks will
appear hereafter in ~h p dix.]
SUPPORT FOR THE PEOPLE OF
SOUTH VIETNAM
(Mr. FRIEDEL asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, I usually
make it a practice not to introduce leg-
islation which is already pending before
this body, but due to the increased activ-
ity in Vietnam and the fears inherent in
such an escalation, I broke this self-im-
posed restraint on June 9, 1966, to intro-
duce House Concurrent Resolution 703,
which would establish a permanent
United Nations peacekeeping force. I
did this because I felt Congress should
reiterate its interest in peace and its de-
sire to support those organizations which
might help achieve this goal.
Today, I wish to make another excep-
tion to my usual practice and I offer for
the consideration of the Congress a reso-
lution to assure the people of South Viet-
nam that we are sympathetic to their
desire to hold free, fair, and open elec-
tions and that our Government, through
the leadership of the President, will
honor the results of that election as rep-
resentative of the desires and aspirations
of the people of South Vietnam.
We must be faithful to our commit-
ment to defend Vietnam. At the same
15515
time, however, we must underscore the
very principles of democracy to which
we are dedicated, giving the Vietnamese
people the right to determining their own
destinies through free participation in
elected government.
PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL AND
RANKIN SMITH
(Mr. WELTNER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.) '
Mr. WELTNER. Mr. Speaker, the
opening kickoff for the 1966 professional
football season is but a few weeks away,
and for the first time the roar of the
hometown crowds. will be heard in the
Southeast. It has been a year since
Atlanta obtained a franchise to play in
the National Football League. Before
this happened the man most responsible
for bringing pro football to Atlanta was
a successful, but little known, insurance
executive. Today, the name of Rankin
Smith is known in every Georgia house-
hold. He is viewed with the regard that
most Georgians reserve for Eddie Mat-
thews or Mack Jones.
This admiration is well deserved. He
worked long and hard to bring pro foot-
ball to Atlanta. No sacrifice-personal
or financial-was too great for Rankin
Smith. He persuaded and cajoled, and
now we have a team-the Falcons. When
it was announced that Atlanta had re-
ceived a franchise, the city was thrown
into a happy delirium. Over 45,000 sea-
son tickets were sold in a record 54 days-
indicative of the enthusiasm of this foot-
ball-minded town. Despite all of this
frenzy of activity, Rankin Smith had the
task of building a team and an organiza-
tion. He has done both. His many years
in the life insurance business taught him
the value of good business-never lose an
account. This determination enabled
Rankin Smith to sign all but one of the
Falcon draft choices.
The Southeast is now welcomed into
the full ranks of professional football.
We have waited a long time. The credit
for this achievement is due in large part
to the untiring efforts of Ranking
Smith-native Atlantan, wise business-
man, football enthusiast par excellence.
(Mr. WELTNER asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
[Mr. WELTNER'S remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Appendix.]
CAPITOL VISITORS' CENTER
(Mr. GRAY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, during the
passage of the legislation authorizing the
third Library of Congress building last
year, a number of Members of the.House
brought to our attention the need for a
visitors center in the Nation's Capital,
particularly a Capitol visitors' center.
The House Committee on Public Works,
Subcommittee on Public Buildings and
Grounds has passed out a bill creating a
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 20, 1966
21-member commission to study the need
for a Capitol and/or a national visitors'
center in the Nation's Capital. It will be
my purpose tomorrow, if recognized by
the distinguished Speaker, to bring this
bill up under unanimous consent.
Therefore, I hope all members who are
interested in a national and/or Capitol
visitors' center can be on the floor and
express their sentiments on this legisla-
tion. The legislation which I will ask to
bring up tomorrow will set up a 21-
member commission to study the matter
and report back to Congress by March 15
of next year. We welcome the advice and
support of all members.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY, "FISHBAIT"
MILLER
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, it occurs to
me that the House may at this moment
be in the mood for something in a little
lighter vein and certainly something in
a happier vein. It just happens that on
today, one of the outstanding employees
of the House, one of the finest friends
that any of us has ever had, a man who
gives the very best service possible and
some of the best ever known in this
chamber, is observing a birthday. I know
that you join me in wishing a very happy
birthday to one "Fishbait" Miller, or
more formally, the Honorable William M.
Miller, Doorkeeper of the House.
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I
make the point of order that a quorum
is not present.
The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum
is not present.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a
call of the House.
A call of the House was ordered.
The Clerk called the roll, and the fol-
lowing Members failed to answer to their
Andrews,
Ford,
Morrison
Glenn
William D.
Murray
Baring
Gathings
Nedzi
Cabell
Green, Oreg.
Ottinger
Carter
Griffiths
Passman
Celler
Hagan, Ga.
Powell
Chelf
Hawkins
Resnick
Conyers
Henderson
Rogers, Tex.
Corman
King, N.Y.
Roncallo
Cramer
Landrum
Scott
Dorn
Leggett
Senner
Edwards, La.
Long, La.
Smith, Va.
Ellsworth
Martin, Ala.
Toll
Everett
Miller
White, Idaho
Farnsley
Mills
Willis
The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 391
Members have answered to their names,
a quorum.
By unanimous consent, further pro-
ceedings under the call were dispensed
with.
present in the Chamber and answered I have tried to cut the budget for 1967
to my name and my presence was ac- and failing that effort I have tried to re-
knowledged by the Clerk. I ask uanani- duce appropriation bills back to the level
mous consent that the permanent RECORD of the President's requests. Republi-
and Journal be corrected accordingly. cans have supported my efforts but I am
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to sorry to say that most members of the
the request of the gentleman from President's own party have rejected his
Minnesota? leadership on budget matters and have
There was no objection. failed to support my efforts to curtail
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPRO-
PRIATION BILL, 1967
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the House resolve itself into the
Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union for the further con-
sideration of the bill (H.R. 15941) mak-
1ng appropriations for the Department
of Defense for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1967, and for other purposes.
The motion was. agreed to.
IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE
Accordingly, the House resolved it-
self into the Committee of the 'Whole
House on the State of the Union for the
further consideration of the bill. H.R.
15941, with Mr. KEOGH in the chair.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The CHAIRMAN. When the Commit-
tee rose on yesterday the gentleman from
Texas [Mr. MAHON] had 46 minutes re-
maining and the gentleman from Cali-
fornia [Mr. Lu'scoMal had 1 hour and
10 minutes remaining.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman
from Texas [Mr. MAHON].
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I sug-
gest that the gentleman from California
[Mr. LIPSCOMB] yield some time at this
time.
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Chairman, I
yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from
Ohio [Mr. Bowl, the ranking minority
member of the Committee on Appropria-
tions.
(Mr. BOW asked and was given per-
mission to speak out of order and to
1967 appropriations and spending. They
have even refused to follow the thought-
ful admonitions uttered by our distin-
guished chairman of the House Appro-
priations Committee, the gentleman from
Texas [Mr. MAHON], when the budget was
submitted to us.
The Bow expenditure limitation
amendment has been offered on three
bills this year. Simply stated, this
amendment would have limited Federal
spending to 95 percent of what the Pres-
ident had proposed in his January budget
to spend on items included in these three
bills. If the amendment had been
adopted each time it was offered, Fed-
eral spending in fiscal 1967 would have
been reduced by $1.5 billion.
Let me tell you just how much support
I got from members of the President's
own party each time this amendment
was offered.
On the Department of Interior and :re-
lated agencies appropriation bill, the
amendment received the support of 30
Democrats.
On the Departments of Treasury and
Post Office bill, Democrat votes totaled
only 16.
On the Departments of Labor and
Health, Education, and Welfare bill,
Democrat votes for my amendment went
up to the grand total of 36.
With a present House membership of
294 Democrats and 139 Republicans, it
is a pretty sorry economy effort when
only 30 Democrats, and 16 Democrats,
and 36 Democrats vote to support a
modest cut of 5 percent in Federal spend-
revise and extend his remarks.) that such a cut could be absorbed by al-
Mr. BOW. Mr. Chairman, yesterday most any Department or agency of the
morning the President held a connffeeeree- Government without adverse effect on
at the White House with House and Sen- any essential program.
ate leaders and with members of the Ap- On my motion to recommit the second
prInrr, Committees of both bodies. supplemental appropriation bill for 1966
In short, the purpose Congress the the meeting to the House Appropriations Committee ex- was to let know that with instructions to eliminate the initial
fording the e President's budget request r funding of the rent supplement program,
to que andst if
for fffiscl ort is n7by made to $6 Congress and
cut only 65 Democrats voted in the affirma-
back the result not will be either a r monu- tive. Of course, the initial funding of
back
deficit o th the rent supplement program, as well as
mental l denit or a tax increase. the National Teachers Corps was much
According to news stories on n the Press desired by the President and, as a con-
a fter 'o our background meeting ng with of the press sequence thereof, Larry O'Brien and his
after our meeting h he e indicated legislative liaison troops marched up
the following courses ses of him, that r- here and twisted enough arms to assure
might be taken to curb our already over- its approval.
heated economy:
lls in the House
ll
ca
First, the imposition of wage and price On six economy ro
controls; this year, an average of 82 percent of the
Second, the reduction of Federal ex- Democrats
average voted 93 for more spending while
penditures; and
Third, face the alternative of a monu- licans voted for cuts or savings. A tabu-
mental Federal deficit or a tax increase. lation of the percentages on these six
These are precisely the same hard rollcalls appears at the end of my re-
choices that I have pointed to here in the marks.
well of the House ever since January 24, After I had tested the temper of the
when the President submitted his fiscal amHous6 ong and had is ffor ound
cutting nthe o appro-
budget to us.
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL
CORRECTION
Mr. MACGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, on
rollcall No. 167 on yesterday July 19, I am
recorded as absent. Actually I was
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