VIETNAM: LESSONS AND HARD CHOICES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400060005-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: April 21, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 21, 1966
NOTICE CONCERNING NOMINATION
BEFORE COMMITTEE , ON THE
JUDICIARY
Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, the
following nomination has been referred
to and is now pending before the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary:
Edward L. Shaheen, of Louisiana, to be
U.S. attorney, western district of Louisiana,
term of 4 years. (Reappointment.)
On behalf of the Committee on the
Judiciary, notice is hereby given to all
persons interested in this nomination to
file with the committee, in writing, on
or before Thursday, April 28, 1966, any
representations or objections they may
wish to present concerning the above
nomination, with a further statement
whether it is their intention to appear at
any hearing which may be scheduled.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its
reading clerks, announced that the House
had passed a bill (H.R. 3692) for the re
lief of William F. Kuhlman, in which it
requested the concurrence of the Senate.
HOUSE BILL REFERRED
The bill (H.R. 3692) for the relief of
William F. Kuhlman, was read twice by
its title and referred to the Committee
on the Judiciary.
I commend my former colleague,
Mayor Dilworth, for the dedicated efforts
he is making to rehabilitate the Phila-
delphia school system.
I believe that readers of the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD will profit from reading
this article which outlines some of the
problems, and also some of the projected
solutions which Mr. Dilworth and his
colleagues on the school board are un-
dertaking to provide.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
article printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FOR GOOD SCHOOLS TRY LIVE POLITICS
(By Richardson Dilworth)
(NOTE.-Philadelphia's School Board was
chosen by judges, like Washington's, until
last year when a successful home rule move-
ment gave the power of appointment to the
mayor. The following excerpts are taken
from an address here by Mr. Dilworth, a
former mayor of Philadelphia and now presi-
dent of its new school board.)
There are some people who ask why it is
necessary to insist upon integrating our
schools and their faculties. These people
academic courses right in with the regular
high school students.
In short, the specialty attracts teachers
and pupils from all over the city, and these
specialty pupils take their general academic
courses in the other part of the school, which
is a comprehensive neighborhood high school.
Magnet schools should also be set up for
languages, for business training, and for
the performing arts, among others.
Supplemental educational centers also
show promise, particularly in the field of
science. Such a center would serve the en-
tire city, including the parochial and private
schools, and also suburban schoolchildren.
The center would offer all manner of special
equipment and training not found elsewhere.
The expanding interest in education sug-
gests that we begin to rethink the way we
manage our schools. The conventional wis-
dom has it that we keep schools out of
politics, and, of course, in the narrow sense
of the word we must all agree. However,
good education is and must inevitably be
a vital political issue. The issue of a quality
integrated education is as live a political
issue in our cities as any issue can be. No
bureaucracy can solve that issue. Failing
the magic solution acceptable to everyone,
enlightened and courageous leadership at
the board level is essential if the cities are
not to retreat from the challenge.
VIETNAM: LESSONS AND HARD
CHOICES
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, when
Senators returned home during the
Easter recess, I believe that many found
the people to be deeply concerned about
two problems: Vietnam and the rise in
the cost of living.
Mr. President, in deference to the mil-
lions of my constituents in the State of
New York who have these feelings, I
should like to take a few moments to
express my views on the most pressing of
these matters-Vietnam.
While I believe that there still remains
a very real majority support in the coun-
try for the President's policy on Viet-
nam-namely, the application of limited
American means to the attainment of a
limited American purpose-I also believe
that the very same people who partici-
pate in that support are very gravely
concerned about the future; where we
are going and what we should do. I
believe, moreover, that the people of
New York State are against the escala-
tion of the struggle in Vietnam beyond
the present order of magnitude. They
are opposed to the bombardment of
heavy civilian population centers such as
Hanoi and Haiphong.
There is no denying the extent and
the effects of the present political crisis
in Vietnam. The situation is grave.
But this is not a time for political snip-
ing nor a time to hunt for scapegoats;
it is a time for reevaluation and a time
to face hard choices.
ing attention on integration diverts us from
achieving excellence of education.
Such a contention ignores the realities of
the situation in the cities. Take my own
city of Philadelphia, which is quite typical.
The schools in the predominantly Negro
areas are the oldest, most rundown schools
in the city. And, due to the ironclad teacher
seniority system which has developed over
the years, these schools, for the most part,
have the highest percentage of poorest and
most inexperienced teachers. Add to this
the fact that about a quarter of these pupils
have a family background which has not
equipped them to receive the standard pub-
lic school education, and you have a sham-
bles in which hardly any of the children in
the school get educated.
Today, in our city, approximately 40 per-
cent of the total school population is in
parochial and private schools. The result is
that while only 30 percent of our city's popu-
lation is nonwhite, 57 percent of our public
school pupils are nonwhite. And, today
there are more white children in the paro-
ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI-
CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE AP-
PENDIX
On request, and by unanimous con-
sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc.,
were ordered to be printed in the Ap-
pendix, as follows:
By Mr. SYMINGTON:
Editorial broadcast by radio station KLIK,
Jefferson City, Mo., entitled "Not the Farm-
er's Fault."
By Mr. DOUGLAS:
Article entitled "The Coach," published
in the New York Times on April 20, 196P.
FOR GOOD SCHOOLS TRY LIVE
POLITICS
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, for a
valuable insight into the critical prob-
lems confronting our primary and sec-
ondary schools in our great urban com-
munities, I invite the attention of Sena-
tors to an article which was published
in this morning's Washington Post, en-
titled "For Good Schools Try Live Poli-
tics," written by Richardson Dilworth,
former mayor of Philadelphia, and pres-
., ..f +l-, Philaiinlnhin
chial and private schools than there are in
our city's entire public school system.
If this trend continues, and it is the trend
in all of our cities, then 20 or 25 years from
now, our big cities may find themselves with
public school systems almost entirely non-
white, and with parochial and private school
systems at least 90 percent white. I cannot
think of a greater blow to our democracy, or
to the success of the urban civilization in
which we find ourselves.
The broad picture is that our big city pub-
lic school systems have for the most part
been neglected and starved-ever since the
end of World Wax I. Although we have
splendid work being done here and there,
by and large, our big city school systems no
ouiluul ,DVA'1 u. Dig -y uccw.,.,, .. _
Mr. Dilworth, at great personal Saeri- lowest paid. The result is that our city these choices, we should heed the les-
fice, left private life to take on the ard- school systems have tended to become static sons to be learned from the political
uous job of upgrading and improving the and in-bred. New ideas and new blood have crisis itself; lessons that will be vitally
Philadelphia school system. not been encouraged. important in the weeks to come.
This article points out some of the dif- We should also experiment with what we First. We should have learned by now
' you an school problems which confront the example: There is school. need forv a higher to control the impulse to involve our-
ficult
call the magnet of science teaching for selected young- Selves in the internal political affairs
level
which I am sure are identical to those in sters. This indicates the creation of a sci- of a nation we are trying to help, but we
many other large cities in this country ence high school which offers the finest pos- apparently have not.
where there are significant numbers of sible precollege science courses. But that Second. We should have learned by
minority group members who are badly school would also be a comprehensive high the now
that
ccesses in need of a higher recel education nce the uldhbtakeotheirnother overwh lm nglpoweruon the batlefield schl to serve than they have e been receiving.
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1 -1 1, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
anniversary of the origin of Poland as
a Christian nation. The occasion of this
millennium is being celebrated by the
people of Poland throughout the year
1966 and honored with worldwide observ-
ances during the same period.. Very few
countries can boast of being in existence
for a thousand years, and being civilized
during that period of time. Our own
continent was not even discovered then,
and our own cultivation of civilization
did not bein until the last 400 years.
To that August 28, 1966, will mark the
date in which many celebrations will be
held in recognition of the proud heritage
and love of freedom and God possessed
by the people of Poland, it is fitting that
appropriate recognition of the millenni-
um of Poland should be accorded by the
citizens of the United St.. to s on that date.
i'he ACTING PRESIDENT pro teni-
prre. The joint resolution will be re-
craved and appropriately referred.
the joint, resolution (S-J- Res. 156) to
authorize the President of the United
States to proclaim August 28, 1966, as
Polish Millennium Day, introduced by
Mr. DOUGLAS. was received, read twice
by its title, and referred to the Commit-
tee on the Judiciary.
1,1V%%ENDNMNT OF WA(1NER-PFYSER
ACT, 1;.FT,ATING TO 1 )E VET,OP-
MAENT 014' THE NATION'S MAN-
I'O)WER RE,3OURCFS--AMEND-
itii E NIT
:15N'DMENT No 551
n/;r- Try NNii.DY of Massachusetts.
Mr. Pre~zulent, I submit on amendment
to S. 2974, a bill to amend the Wagner-
l'eyser Act, that is currently before the
h,mnlovment, Manpower and Poverty
Subcommittee of the Senate Labor and
Public Welfare Committee and ask that
it be printed in the RzcoRn at the con-
clusion of my remarks.
;.2974, introduced by Chairman CLARK
brings long sought improvements to this
Nation's emnlovmezlt .service system.
Senator Cr.ssae has recognized, as has the
administration, that a system so im-
portant to the smooth functioning of our
economy must be modernized and im-
Pr-oved if it is to fulfill its role of ef-
eirtatly allocating our precious man-
-power resources,
One of the major barriers to the of--
tlcient wol'king of the labor market is in-
a, situate information- A. lark of infor-
,-,ration by potential employers of the
men and :,kills available to them, can
rr stilt in econ imic, decisions that may be
d+'triinental to the firm and the 7rowth
of time, economy- Similarly, when job-
tr.rs are unaware of the fall range of
m portunities oven to them they may
r' inain unemnloved or underemployed.
In essence, the efficient allocation of men
od jobs in the labor market demands a
ie t(r:aa 'e )Pss of the options existing
iii the market. And as the labor market
r) r`I l;es mere perfectly, we are :more a.s-
a;itred at economic growth and stability.
't'yre U.S- Employment Service was es-
Lablished to facilitate labor market ac-
i,iidty- Its Inodifieation at this time is
:a recognition that we are now in a posi-
tion to brinrr, new procedures and new
technologies to better the Services opera-
l.ions.
Section 7 of S. 2974, entitled "Labor and, without objection, the amendment
Market, Information" instructs the Sec- will be printed in the RECORD.
retary of Labor to collect, analyze and The amendment (No. 551t was re-
store al labor market and manpower in- ferred to the Committee on labor and
formation among employers., labor or- Public Welfare, as follows:
ganizalions, private employment agen- On page 9, between lines 11 aid 12 insert
cies and the like. To carry cat these re- the following:
sponsibilities, the Secretary is author- "(c) The Secretary is directed to conduct
ized. to employ the most mod'. rn and ef- studies and to undertake demonstration
ficient *,ittonlatic data processing equip- projects to further the use of automatic
meet. data processing systems in the nal iona.l mean-
power services system. Such 'lemoitstra-
7. he directed use of the cot iputer and tion projects shall include, but .n;:t be Inn:t-
other liifarmaticn >c-steins 1!a our em- ed to, the establishment, in one or more
Ployment service is to me one , if the most manpower services centers, of a model labor
promising aspects of this legit i.ation. We market information system, on a state or
have a'rcady seen tine benefits of the interstate basis, that will provide snecilic
computer in business esta i rlishments.
And in aovernmont, these sy, tems have
revolutionized our nwthods of informa-
taon gathering, made our space efforts
possible and are contributing to the ef-
fective administration of our health and
welfare 1p_o.,ainst the Viet-
eong, not to l.-car ieipate in the forthcoming
elections.
Question. Well, in that ^; rvnpaign against
the Vietcong. will the U.S. ft rees support the
Saigon Government forces in trying to pre-
vent, the Vietcong from participating in the
elections?
Answer. Well, I don't be?eve any proce-
dunis for the elections have yet been devel-
oped. And I can't really rot pond directly to
your question, It's not co ceivable to me
that; the Vietcong will participate In the
elections. As is matter of f, ,-t, the most re-
cent experience we've had with elections In
South Vietnarn--ttnose of ., year ago, just
about this month-- led us to believe that the
Vietcong will seek in every way possible to
make it :unpractical to carry art elections.
voters. And surely we Would do nothing to
prevent that.
Question, Then If the Buddhists, the
Christians, the Vietcong, he Montagnards,
the various sects in Vi:;team succeeded
through a process of Lill it own choosing
in a coalition government dedicated not to
our side or the Communist side but neutral
or nonaligned, would you interpret that as
inimical to the security of the Un,tell States?
Answer, No, certainly no Comparison with Soviet
PEL,i,. And in conclusion would you he
willing to give a rough etmtirnate of the total
dollar value of Communist bloc military aid
Versus U.S. military aid.
McNAMARA. Yes, and th,; e are subject to
all of the qualifications tb a. one niu st give Co
any Soviet figures. But tt+e total vu e.Ii-
mate for 1965 was $277 r:rillion in Soviet
military aid to nonbloc countries and $650
million in Soviet ecoriomir aid to nonbloc
countries. And for the 12 v 'ors 1954 to 191,5,
a period we have collected data for, the tot.:al
military aid to nonbloc co :ntries is over $4
billion and the total economic aid is over $5
billion. Now I want to emp fasize that these
figures are rough estimate.,, end they include
all forms of aid-grant, ti.ri and. sales, and
so on.
Question. But roughly our program would
be in the order of six or eight times that of
the Soviets.
Answer. Well, in compani=on with 1965,
they had a program of roughly $900 million,
and we had one 31/3 tunes t hat.
ELECTIONS IN SOUT;I VIETNAM
Mr. GORE. Mr. President, history has
demonstrated time and again that a dra-
matic turn of events, une.,)ected and un-
planned for, can provide opportunities
for the active participants in an encoun-
ter. The course of history has sometimes
depended on the ability of these partici-
pants to react quickly and correctly.
Often, through such cirer msta.nres, ap-
parent disaster has been turned to good
account.
There may be a bare p issibi.iity that
such a turn of events hr;; occurred in
Vietnam. It is yet too sooli to determine
just what good, if any, may come to the
United States out of the recent int=ernal,
almost intragovernmental, upheavals we
have been witnessing within. South Viet-
nam in recent weeks. It appeared for a
few days that utter chaos would engulf
that unhappy country, already subjected
to subversion, aggression, rnivil war, and
military dictatorship as painted Out by
the distinguished Senator from New York
I. Mr. JAVITS].
But now we see the pro; poet of some
kind of election which may begin to move
the tea?ric dangerou
V
t
ic
,-
s
1'11mess mitua
Oli-Lion. Well, .1 think I could accept the tion away from the tour: C of e.,calated
view that it is like y that t'ie Vietcong will war and toward stability t,h'ough
attempt to disrupt the elective processes.
But na css of self-determination tray thea proc-
people=
p l question is related to the other of South Vietnam. In my vat'w, the
ossibtlit Should the Vietcong, indig- United States should encourage this.
pout as they are to South Vietnam, make
the atliet' decision and under take to partici- It seems to me, Mr. Pre if tent, that the
pate, pull off their ur ifornis and put on United States should and mist take what
their pajamas and vote seel:ii:ig to exercise steps we can to help insure he bast kind
their influence there, what vill be the role of elections possible under the circlim-
of the U.S. military in supporting the troops stances. We should help create the best
of the Saigon Government?
carry out military operations against the The first, and perhaps is .. ist conStrtiC-
Vieteong if they're continuing to fight. If tive, step we should take is to assume
they're not continuing to fight, if they're the initiative in negotiating a cease-fire
seeking to vote, I'm sure the government fora reasonable period for the campaigns
of South Vietnam would Welcome them as and elections, say 2 or 3 Weeks.
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April 21, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
This has numerous advantages, both as our aims. It is in this spirit that I sug- conclusion on a matter of this char-the to the reality of meaningful elections, gest this course of action to President stance. a Thetar e, I know t at first in-
and as to our posture before the under- Johnson.
tain body of world opinion. Mr. CLARK and Mr. JAVITS ad- s the Senator's suggestion is the con-
si deration of security. If those respon-
As to the realities, I think we would dressed the chair.
all agree that acease-fire will, while not Mr. GORE. I yield first to the distin- sible for such matters concur, the gro-
in and of itself guaranteeing a meaning- guished Senator from Pennsylvania. posal will receive my support.
ful election, at least remove a hindrance Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I strong- In addition, the proposal should be
ly endorse the suggestion just made by accepted by the South Vietnam-
to broad participation and voluntary ex- t
he Senator from Tennessee, and I hope ernment, and efforts show d beemadeeto
ercise of the franchise.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEL- it will receive the immediate careful and bring about some comparable response
sort in the chair) . The time of the Sen- favorable consideration of both the See- from the Vietcong and Hanoi. said,
ator from Tennessee has expired. retary of State and the Secretary of and Next, I agreethink withthat Senator Clark effort
Mr. GORE. I ask unanimous consent Defense. I him, that every
that I may have 5 additional minutes. This is a real opportunity to take a step should be made to see that the election one-
ordi genupressuresinely thefree
Saig n Gov-
from Perhaps I should make that 10 addi- etoward lections the the holding S uth nuinely fair is a
Mr. tional minutes. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask people. ernment and free from the terror tactics
unanimous consent that the Senator I suggest to the State Department and of the Vietcong-and that the results of
from Tennessee may be granted 10 addi- the Defense Department that they give this election are accepted by all con-
tional minutes. ' careful consideration to a number of cerned.
The peace offensive must be continued
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without matters: including the Vietcong
objection, it is so ordered. First, let us ask for a truce to last for with everybody,
Mr. GORE. Mr. President, as far as a period of 3 weeks. That is the period and the Chinese. We do seek a nego-
our posture is concerned, a cease-fire the British take for their election cam- tiated settlement and we have announced intent negotiated on our initiative would dem- paigns, and it has pretty sound frour ee intention to foster and abide by a
onstrate our interest in and sincere precedent.
dedication to legitimate elections, and it Second, let us see if the truce cannot I believe that our good faith is demon-
would lend credibility to our assertions spread through the countryside. Rather strated by the fact that we will accept
in behalf of self-determination. We have than have participation in the election the results of a free election even if there
said-and I am sure it is truthfully said; limited to the villages and towns, as now are Communists in that Government.
Secretary McNamara repeated it yester- contemplated, we should try to see that Mr. GORE. I am grateful to have the
day that we are in Vietnam only to guar- the South Vietnamese Government is comments of the distinguished Senator
the the right elf-determination for graphic area, and that all adults have distinguishedr S natorwfrom thosePennsylof the
-
the South Vietnamese.
Furthermore, the negotiation of a an opportunity to vote. vania.
cease-fire, proposed by the United States, Third, let us see if the Catholic minor- Unless we are willing to accept the
will allow us, in a sense, to keep the initia- ity and the Buddhist majority. can join results of an election, assuming that it
tive, to act positively, and not to appear in a cease-fire so that there can be the is re oo ably fret ofn timi anon profession the
to be merely an agitated observer of kind of atmosphere and conditions under
events. In the constant propaganda bat- which a fair election can be had. belief in and dedication to the right
e whace with our Communist Fourth, e that election of self -determination
re-
adversaries, of State Dean Rusk has re-
aaries, this is important. junta does not dominate the said our -Nation was prepared
Our participation in cease-fires and process, and that the fear of reprisals peatedly
bombing pauses is not novel. We have does not interfere with the right of the to accept that.
The
participated in three such events in the people to support candidates of their own time The the PRESIDSenatorING has expired.
relatively short time in which we have free choice. , there should be been openly active combatants in Viet- do if of speech, so th at candidates can free- Mr. JAVITS. Mr. be unanimous consent that PtheiSenator may
nom.
n
On May 13 through 18, 1965, the free to campaign in a climate in which it proceed for 2 additional minutes.
Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I ask
United States unilaterally initiated a Is guaranteed that reprisals will not be Mrr t proceed for ask
bombing pause. The first contingent of taken against them for exercising their unanimous E. M 2
Marines had landed in Vietnam on May basic political, rights. minutes.
6, and the President wished to give the I believe that the suggestion of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
Vietcong and the Hanoi government a Senator from Tennessee, with the con- objection, it Is so ordered.
chance to think about the implications of ditions I have noted, is a most valuable Mr. GORE. Secretary of State Dean
our actions. one, and I hope the executive arm of our ssurered the the
We participated in the 1965 Christmas Government will pursue it. Rusk public has hearings repeatedly and ass ddthe ate
truce, more or less formally agreed to I thank the Senator. - icon people and the world that the United
and
insofar as the 2 days, December 24 and Mr. GORE. - I thank my distinguished Sople would and the w a free that the
25, were concerned. We then went even and able friend from Pennsylvania. States ta made by the Vietnamese peo-
further, it will be recalled, and unilat- None of us can be sure that an election the choice
pie in a free election.
But, since one is only yesterday I asked the Secretary
a suspended bombing h operations that thb situation
against by t
-
North orth Vietnam through January in unhappy land.
31,1966. to be undertaken, surely we should take of Defense, Mr. McNamara if if as a conse Buddhists,
On December 28, 1965, the Vietcong every action possible commensurate with quence of an election th iet-
and nd V V of
the, the various sects Montagnardsand, groups
proposed a cease-fire during the Lunar the security of our men there to facilitate Christians,
g
New Year, which was celebrated during a effective and popular election broadly
the period January 20-23, 1966. ov-
degree of self-determination. ern ent, which was a positioncof neu-
United States went along with this ceases mbased in aximum order
fire on the part of the Vietcong, which Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the trality or nonalinement, would that be
inimical to the security of the United
VC the or was worked Vi out between the s and co- Se Mr. GORE.' I yield. States? His answer was: "Of course
oetnamese, with which we co- Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I endorse not."
oputh Vperated. the proposals of the Senator-but with I want to join the Senator in his addi-
Now, Mr. President, I see advantages, certain reservations. tions to my suggestions that all security
and few probable detrimental results, in the United States taking the initiative in Mr. GORE. I thank the Senator. questions be carefully weighed, and any
proposing for negotiating a campaign and can, off JAVITS. the top Iof do not think heads that twe action on the he must be guarded thereby, and Government
for a period suitable I would
election. This would lend credibility to floor of the Senate, come to an informed make no suggestion contrary to that.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 21, 1966
Also, I share his view that along with In the meantime, the chairman of the a means to the end of awarding a B.S.
a cease-fire proposal, to make the assur- Armed Services Committee responded to degree, or any other degree, with dulent an pro of-
ance to the world that we will abide by my communication by noting that the fiver's commission is a frau -
the process of self-deterimation being senator from Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS], cedure. This should not be tolerated.
made once again. the chairman of the Preparedness Inves- It seems to me that the service acad-
I would like to make this further com- tigating Subcommittee, asked my able envies are attempting to compress too
went to the able Senator. The chances colleague from West Virginia, Senator many of the Vietcong accepting this suggestion ROBERT C. 13YRn, to conduct a study for and tacticalri and nleadership military
may be remote but let them reject it. that subcommittee of the charges against training activities into a 4-year period
Then, we stand demonstratably four the Naval Academy. This is a signifi- and as a consequence the overloading is
square for determination and they are cant development because preparedness compensated for in questionable grading
refusing to cooperate therein, is involved. Senator Bl'RD will perform and indoctrination methods which are
Mr. JAVITS. I thank the Senator and with his customary diligence and thor- unfair.
I compliment him again on the fine oughness.
statement he has made. I make it clear that I am not an op-
Senator RUSSELL appropriately noted ponent of the service academy system.
----n~--------- that, in addition. it seem:; to him that the Neither am I an enemy of the adminis-
INpULRX IINTO OPERATIONS OF NA- subject of concern about the Academy trators of the system, nor of those mid-
17R TO SERVICE ACADEMIES and the practice of limiting the number shipmen and cadets participating in it.
'S of
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President on tention~~by the BBoardlofiVisitorsfto the administrators ffandt and demanding on
April 7, I urged in this forum that there Naval Academy, He participants
onted ci pting
be Senate inquiries into the operation of by law, the Board is cl arged with the midshipmen and demanding cadets-. the This necessi-
our Nation's service academies, begin- responsibility of inquiring; into "the state tates adjustments and changes-perhaps
rung with the Naval Academy. of morale and discipline, the curriculum, changes of a fundamental nature.
My recommendations were, in part, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal It would not be unexpected if the ulti-
misunderstood by some persons and were affairs, academic methods, and other mate finding of Senators and others who
misinterpreted by others. Nevertheless, matters relating to the Academy that the will be studying the prevailing problems
the extent of understanding, acceptance, Board decides to consider "
and approval of my position is gratify- Concernin;r will be that adequate time cannot be
ing. the Board of Visitors to found in a 24-hour day, a 7-day week,
the Naval Academy, he called attention and a 52-week year to meet adequately
In a letter to the distinguished senior to the fact that:
Senator from Georgia [Mr. RUSSELL], both the academic prerequisites for the
chairman of the Senate Committee on senator BaEwsu-e:a is servtr f; as the designee B.S. degree and the physical and military of the chairman Services, I emphasized that in Services on t e Board to is year tand t erVice tars' and requirements air o officers w for naval, f ram ee-
suggesting a complete investigation of President has named Senators HOLLAND, 4-year urricu the f-
the service academies, I do not have BIBL.E, and Boces as the otter Senate Mem- work of the 4-year curriculums of the
specific allegations to make against ei- bers. I understand the Bard is planning service academies.
ther the Military Academy or the Air to visit the Academy on April 29 . For my part, I
Force Academy. I added, however, that In a support prefer and vigorously
each of those academies has had crip- press rel~_?ase last Friday, I ex- changes which would revise the
pressed satisfaction that inquiries I have curriculum and schedule to cover a 5-
pling experiences in past years-the Air urged are in capable hand.;, under proper year period.
Force Academy only recently. And I auspice;; and jurisdiction, ixnd are under- But I oppose inclusion of the plebe
noted that their problems may have way. indoctrination technique which, in my
stemmed largely from conditions simi- I also pointed out that information judgment, weakens the academic foun-
lar to those alleged to prevail at the from my files had been given to the ap- dation of too many young men making
Naval Academy, as disclosed in news- propriat,e Senators in sup;iort of my be- the transition from high school or pre-
paper articles, principally in the Wash- lief that plebe indoctrination at the paratory school to the college level- My
ington Post, and as discussed in my Sen- Naval Academy is permitted to be ad- personal preference would be for an ex-
ate speech on April 7. Subsequently, I ministered in such a manner as to in- Pansion of ROTC units and scholarships
received additional information concern- hibit
some first-year n?: idshipmen in and a competitive system for selecting
tr
cmY. ig academic turmoil at the Naval .Acad- their need and their efforts; to acquire an from candidates for advanced ROTC
cdecuat;c? 4 1
aI
f
So, in consequence, I communicated
to Chairman RUSSELL the belief that
there might appropriately be a timely
emphasis on Naval Academy inquiries
and a careful, unhurried comparative
study of the whole service academy sys-
tem. Out of such a study, I suggested,
the best elements of each academy's
system can be Identified and emphasized,
while other phases can be deemphasized.
or eliminated.
Mr. President, I reiterate my assurance
to the Senator from Georgia [Mr. Rus-
sane.I that I have full faith that the Sen-
ate Committee on Armed Services, with-
in As jurisdiction, can and will make or
cause to be made the studies of the serv-
ice academies which seem to be neces-
sary.
I stated to the chairman of the Armed
Services Committee, and I repeat: I do
not plan to offer legislation in the Senate
at this time, either to create an investi-
gating committee or to change existing
law relating to the service academies.
Only if the Armed Services Committee
would so recommend would I urge and
support placing elsewhere investigative
jurisdiction over service academies.
em c
ound:.ction as they those best qualified to enroll at the serv-
begin at the college level. ice academies at the cone fusion of the
Mr. President, :I make it clear that I college sophomore year. Then, following
had complaints against the Naval Acad- a summer of midshipman or cadet orien-
emy plebe indoctrination. system for tation, service academy scholastic and
more than a year, but it was not on the advanced military training life could
basis of these complaints that I urged properly and appropriately be stretched
the service academy inquiries. These over 3 years for completion of what nor-
;plebe indoctrination misconduct allega- mally would be the junior and senior
Lions were not, of themselves, sufficiently years. This arrangement would afford
serious to form the basis for a broad in- more adequate time for advanced mili-
vesti ation of time service academies. tary science and leadership training, for
'Yet, they are basic to the broader physical culture and athletic pursuits,
charges of academic grade juggling and and for scholastic requirements incident
rigging which stem from c.)rnplaints at- to receiving the B.S. degree. Such a sys-
tributed to members of the Naval Acad- tens certainly should compensate for any
envy faculty-a faculty which now ap- increases in cost by producing much bet-
pears to be low in morale inordinately ter prepared and better qualified new
disorganized, and on the verge of being officers for the three services. Whether
seriously depleted as a consequence of or not the same systems would be indi-
resignations, discharges, and related cated for the Coast Guard air Merchant
types of separation. Marine Academics is a subject for sLUdy
There is no valid way of comparing the and consultation by appropriate officials
service academies with civilian univer- and legislative committees.
cities point by point, but it is essential My commendation has been given to
that there be corn oarisons of the aca- Washington Post Stair Writer Leroy
demic: requirements and the scholastic Aarons, who authored a revealing and
grading systems that lead to the award- thought-provoking series of articles
ing of the B.S. degree. Rigging or jug- concerning the alleged state of air airs at
going grades of midshipmen or cadets as the Naval Academy.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 21, 1966
given D's and F's. Academic Dean A. Ber-
nard Drought acknowledged that last spring
he instituted an experiment controlling the
higher grades for plebes, as well as the barely
passing and failing D's and F's. In one de-
partment, for example, the faculty was in-
structed to give 15 percent of the plebes
A's and 35 percent B's. The system grew out
of the so-called practical necessity of grad-
uating reasonable numbers of naval officers
each year.
This startling information was disclosed
in the course of a speech on the floor of the
U.S. Senate by West Virginia's Senator JEN-
NINGS RANDOLPH. Senator RANDOLPH is COn-
cerned and rightly so with reports of condi-
tions at the Naval Academy. Primarily he
objects to a system which tends to subordi-
nate academics at the Academy in preference
to so-called plebe indoctrination with an ex-
cess of harassment. While the plebes may
be acquiring foundation experience in the
traditions of the brigade, in too many cases
it is to the detriment of academic founda-
tions.
On consecutive plebe classes-the one
which entered in July 1964 and the current
fourth class which entered in July 1965-
two out of three of Senator RANDOLPH's nom-
inees experienced inordinate difficulties or
disillusionment with the Academy, accord-
ing to the Senator.
There appears to be far too much hazing
and time-consuming humiliation of the
plebes which allows them little opportunity
for actual study.
Senator RANDOLPH believes that unless the
Academy officers take proper steps to correct
these conditions it will be necessary for the
Congress to act. Meanwhile, he has called
for a complete Senate investigation of the
Naval Academy and a curtailment of appro-
priations for educational plans at Annapolis
until basic changes are made. Senator
RANDOLPH deserves the full support of his
colleagues in this undertaking.
[From the Fairmont (W. Va.) Times, Apr. 15,
19661
A NECESSARY INQUIRY
An official investigation of the academic
standards at the U.S. Naval Academy was
almost inevitable after disclosures of the
grading practices there. The task has been
handed to Senator ROBERT C. BYRD, of West
Virginia, and he can be relied upon to go
into the problem deeply.
Following a series of articles in the Wash-
ington Post, the Academy admitted that it
had imposed limits on the number of mid-
shipmen given failing grades regardless of
their academic standing in class. Not more
than 13 percent of the plebes and only 4
percent of the seniors were allowed to flunk
out.
Before BYRD'S appointment to make the
investigation had been announced-although
he and Chairman JOHN C. STENNIS of the
Senate Preparedness Subcommittee had al-
ready agreed upon it, Senator JENNINGS
RANDOLPH took the floor to report on aca-
demic conditions at the Academy and called
upon the Senate to look further into the
matter.
A. Bernard Drought, academic deal} at
Annapolis, acknowledged that in one de-
partment the faculty had been instructed to
give 15 percent of the plebes A's; and 35
percent B's. He said this practice grew out of
the necesity of graduating reasonable num-
bers of naval officers each year.
RANDOLPH primarily objects to a system
which tends to subordinate academics at the
Academy in preference to so-called plebe in-
doctrination with an excess of harassment.
While the plebes may be acquiring founda-
tion experience in the traditions of the bri-
gade, in too many cases it is to the detriment
of academic foundations.
On consecutive plebe classes-the one
which entered in July 1964 and the current
fourth class which entered in July 1965--
two out of three Of RANDOLPH's nominees
experienced inordinate difficulties or disil-
lusionment with the Academy, according to
the Senator.
There appears to be far too much hazing
and time-consuming humiliation of the
plebes which allows them little opportunity
for actual study.
Senator BYRD intends to talk not only to
those charged with responsibility for the
academic program at the Academy but others
with specialized knowledge in the field of
education. Out of his report may be ex-
pected to come some specific regulations for
the improvement of what seems to be a situ-
ation unbecoming to a Federal educational
institutional.
[From the Morgantown (W. Va.) Dominion-
News, Apr. 16, 1966]
No NEED To Fix ACADEMY GRADES
It's bad enough when parents browbeat
teachers and school principals into passing
students whom they have flunked, but what
must we think when we find the same prac-
tice at the Naval Academy at Annapolis.
It seems several civilian professors have
flunked students at the Academy, only to
have officifals at the top changing the grades
to pass. The excuse given is that the per-
centage of failure in each class has to be kept
to a certain level in order not to lose too
many potential officers. It is argued that the
increase in original flunking was brought
about by increased academic standards at
the Naval Academy.
We presumed that professors at the Acad-
emy are capable of making prudent judg-
ments as to a student's grade in the light of
the needs of the service. We therefore think
it dishonest for the Academy to pass students
who have flunked. There is very little differ-
ence between this and the student cheating
that was exposed several years ago at the Air
Force Academy and, before that, at West
Point. The only difference is that the dis-
honest students were dismissed from their
schools. At Annapolis, the officials responsi-
ble for the changing of teachers' gradings are
being praised for their initiative.
It appears to us a strange hierarchy of
values. The Navy in the modern world still
requires courage, leadership, physical endur-
ance and the like. But it also requires a fully
educated man-one well versed in the intrica-
cies of the advance technology of the space
age. A naval dunderhead, passed merely to
fill a quota, is probably going to be a liability
rather than an asset.
Besides-fixing grades is dishonest. The
fact that it has official approval, is
immaterial.
SALE OF A-4B JET AIRCRAFT TO
ARGENTINA
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, we are
all aware of the heavy demands and re-
quirements put upon the Navy's inven-
tory of high-performance jet aircraft as
a result of the hostilities and operations
in southeast Asia. Therefore, I was both
surprised and disturbed to learn that an
agreement has been consummated under
which 50 of the Navy's A-4B Skyhawks
have been sold to Argentina under the
military assistance program.
I was even more disturbed about this
when I learned that the Naval Air Re-
serve is not to receive A-4B aircraft
which had previously been programed
for it and is being compelled to accept
the substantially inferior A-4A aircraft
as a substitute.
I am advised that the A-4B, which is
a greatly improved version of the A-4A,
has proved to be a highly successful air-
craft and that in it most of the unde-
sirable features of the A-4A have been
eliminated.
I do not question the legality of this
transaction. I understand that it was
worked out and approved as the law pro-
vides. However, I do question its wisdom
and the policy behind it.
I am not opposed to military assist-
ance as such. However, I do believe that
the needs of our own Active and Reserve
Forces should and must come first. Thus,
I am very much concerned that the Na-
val Air Reserve has been compelled to
lose some of the A-4Bs scheduled for it
and to replenish these losses with the
obsolete or nearly obsolete A-4A. It dis-
tresses me to see that the requirements
of our own Reserve Forces come last
when we are engaged in a shooting war.
I must also add that, since the future
requirements of our southeast Asia oper-,
ations are so uncertain, it seems to be
both unwise and imprudent to dispose
of any high-performance jet aircraft at
this time. The aircraft which we have
agreed to sell to Argentina may very well
be needed for our active Navy Forces in
coming months.
This appears to be only part of the
picture of the relatively low priority
given to our Reserve Forces. The Chief
of the Office of Reserve Components, at
a hearing before the Preparedness In-
vestigating Subcommittee a few weeks
ago, told us, to my great surprise and
dismay, that our Army Reserve com-
ponents have a lower priority than do
military assistance program commit-
ments in the distribution of Army equip-
ment which is in Army-wide short sup-
ply. In other words, as far as the dis-
tribution of equipment in Army-wide
short supply is concerned, the require-
ments of our Reserve Forces are met only
after completion of requirements for Ac-
tive Duty Forces and military assistance
program commitments.
On April 1, I wrote to the Secretary of
Defense about this matter. I asked that
he inform me as to the accuracy of the
information which had been furnished
me, as well as justification for the trans-
action if the facts are accurate. I also
asked him to inform me whether the sale
of these planes to Argentina is irrevoca-
ble, because, based upon the information
I now have, I believe that this transac-
tion is not in the best interests of our na-
tional security posture.
In this letter I also expressed to the
Secretary of Defense my apprehension
and concern about the relatively low
priority which our Reserve Forces appar-
ently have in the distribution of equip-
ment at this time.
I have not yet received a response from
the Secretary of Defense to my letter of
April 1. I ope that he will be able to
give me a satisfactory explanation of a
situation which I find very difficult to
understand. If the facts are as they have
been represented to me, then I believe it
is a matter which requires attention at
the highest echelon, and I intend to pur-
sue it thoroughly.
J "ELECTIONS IN VIETNAM
Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, I have
followed with interest the colloquy be-
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April 2.7, 1966 CONGRESS]:ONAL RECORD - SENATE
in a news analysis in last Monday's praises the Naval Academy for its efforts to
issue, M.r. Aaron wrote, in part: achieve a good balance: in the demands placed
]`he administrators (at the Naval Acad- upon the midshipmen, should help to clear
emy) take the position that they are aware the air in the current flap over he Academy's
of the problems and are earnestly seeking grading and teaching practices..
to solve them. At the same time, they could After all, the Academy is riot a typical
seek to minimize their seriousness, saying liberal arts college. Its basic function is to
that the problems are a natural outgrowth train young men who will be equipped to
cif he changes that have been takincr place. function effectively as officers in the Navy
:idminisl,ralors of Naval Academy affairs) pilasis on discipline, physical fitness, and
may be learning from experience, no matter education in the art (if this is the right
onite off the Bahamas, and a De Beers
deamond dredging operation off the coast of
South Africa_
As Moro and others ercplain, getting at
th.e,- e deposits is only part of the problem.
Tae other part '.s developing ways to smelt
and refine the minerals and ores, whose com-
1,rsition usually is quite different from those
fcund on land.
Irttsrestingly enough, Cew mining com-
pli,nies have done much work in the problems
of operating on ocean minerals and ores.
Some of the most advanced work on process-
ing manganese nodules has been done by a
chemical company.
Another gripe of the underwater industry
Is that the Government is spending rela-
tively little on underwater research compared
to its research and development outlays for
the space program.
April 21, 1966
J. H. Clotworthy, who runs the Westing-
house Underseas Division, puts the Govern-
ment spending at about $200 million an-
nually, including both classified and un-
classified work. He calla this a "piddling"
amount-especially in view of the fact that
the Government takes in some $300 million
annually on oil leases alone. The lack of
any really big Government underseas project
means that while big defense contractors
have potential interest in this field, most
are doing little about it.
SAF'L rY OF INTERS 3'ATE NATURAL
GAS PIPELINES
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, at
my request, the Federal Power Commis-
sion has prepared a report on the safety
of Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines. The
report contains a chronological list of in-
terstate gas pipeline failures over a 15 y>-
year period. Between January 1, 1950,
and June 30, 1965, the report discloses 64
deaths and 222 injuries have occurred.
The possible seriousness of an inter-
state gas pipeline failure was graphically
and tragically shown la.f t year near Nat-
chitoches, La., when 17 people were killed
in the fire resulting from a pipeline rup-
ture.
The concern about this matter becomes
greater each year as pipelines become
older and as the areas arounc the pipe-
line right-of-way become more popu-
lated. The other side of the safety ques-
tion involves reliability. As the North-
east power failure has shown, loss of an
energy source can have a crippling
effect.
The Committee on Commerce has been
deeply involved with safety questions this
session. A tire safety bill has been re-
ported and passed by the Senate and the
committee is now studying automobile
safety. An investigation of natural gas
pipeline safety has considerable prece-
dent, although the problems and the pos-
sible solutions are of a different nature.
The committee will schedule hearings on
S. 1553, the natural gas pipeline bill in
the near future.
I ask unanimous consent to have a
summary of the FPC report printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the sum-
mary of the report wa.; ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, is follows:
HIGHLIGHTS of FPC REPORT To U.S. SENATE
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE ON SAFETY OF
INTERSTATE NATURAL GAS I'IPEL]N F.S
The report was prepare, I by the Federal
Power Commission at the request of the
Committee on Commerce in connection with
the natural gas pipeline safety bill (S. 1553)
introduced by Senator MAGNIISON. The FPC
report, which analyzes the gas industry's
safety practices and record, concludes that
primary responsibility muse. continue to rest
with industry management but, that "Clue'.
Federal Government can make it valuable
contribution" by fixing minimum safety
standards "for protection against natural
gas pipeline hazards." 1Ninimurn Federa.l
standards, says the FPC report, "should not
preempt the States from additional regu-
lation in this field," the FPC report cov-
ers only interstate transmission, excluding
both local distribution and intrastate
transmission.
The report makes available for the first
time in the history of the gas industry a
detailed chronological list of gals pipeline
failures, over a 15''2-yetis' period. The fail-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8333
but, in view of Mr. Freeman's campaign
against farmers and farming, I am not
so sure. We must assume that, if the
authority is granted, it'will be used. .
The bill would put the farmer on the
dole from now on out and woe eventually
to the producer who angered the bureau-
crats. As I see it, H.R. 12784, in its pres-
ent form, is a bill to help destroy the
independence of the American farmer
and to make him a ward of the Federal
Government henceforth.
Some may argue that I am using the
crystal ball and am trying to read Mr.
Freeman's mind. In this connection, let
me refer them to an exchange which took
place between the Secretary and Repre-
sentative QUIE, of Minnesota, when the
former was testifying before the House
Agriculture Committee on the food-for-
freedom program.
The Secretary stated frankly that:
If we are going to buy in by the Govern-
ment when we have too much production, we
have got to recognize that we will have to
sell back when prices are stronger.
Mr. QUIE then commented that:
The Department of Agriculture now is
more the voice of the consumer than it is of
the farmers.
The transcript quoted Mr. Freeman as
saying:
I am disturbed about that, but I plead
guilty in the sense that the Department is
an important consumer service agency and
that it will continue to be so.
Anyone familiar with developments
during the past several months must
realize that the administration's attempt
to put the blame for inflation on the
farmers is a phony.
I am not defending food prices. There
is a big spread between the price which
the farmers receive and the retail prices,
but I do know that food prices are
cheaper in the United States today than
in any major country in the world For
example, the consumer in this country
spends about 19 percent of his disposable
income for food, disposable income being
defined as the income left after taxes
and certain fixed costs are paid.
Let us contrast this figure with food
costs-using the same yardstick-in
some other countries: Britain, 27 per-
cent; Sweden, 27 percent; France, 30 per-
cent; West Germany, 36 percent; Italy,
43 percent; Japan, 43 percent; Yugo-
slavia, 46 percent; and the Soviet Union
about 50 percent.
This is possible only because of the
marvelous productivity of American
agriculture, a productivity in glaring
contrast with the inability to produce
abundantly in the Communist countries.
Over the years, the efficiency of Ameri-
can agriculture has enabled us to ship
millions and millions of tons of food-
stuffs to needy areas abroad, food which
may have prevented chaos in many na-
tions.
While American agriculture is efficient,
in many ways it has not been rewarded
for this efficiency. 'Farm income has
consistently lagged behind urban in-
come. In 1965, the farm population had
only $1,510 per capita to spend after
taking care of necessary items, On the
other hand, the city dweller had $2,405,
or $900 more than his rural brother.
Farm debt rose $3.4 billion in 1965 to
a total of $39.4 billion, a record. Every
year there are about 90,000 fewer farm-
ers on the land. Every year the cost of
doing business goes up.
Food prices are 111.4 percent of the
1957-59 average and the whole cost of
living index is around the same figure.
But let.us take a look at the base period
itself. In this period, farmers got only
about 83 percent of parity for their prod-
ucts. In other words, the base period,
itself, is not a true measure of the
situation.
With the realization that the United
States must use its farln surpluses and
techniques to deal with the world's food
deficit, many of us felt that the farmers
would at last come into their own. They
could get a fair price in the marketplace.
Their contribution to the economy, to
foreign policy, and to national security
should be recognized. Farming would
be put upon a sound and stable basis.
Agriculture is our most important
single industry. Farmers spend nearly
$45 billion every year in production costs
and for consumer goods. More people
are employed in agriculture than in the
combined employment of the public
utilities, automobile, transportation and
steel industries.
The administration's campaign against
the American farmer will have far-
reaching and disastrous results. The
comparatively low prices for corn means,
within the next few months, low prices
for hogs, poultry and, in time, livestock.
So it goes and I might point out that
industry and business in the farming
areas and outside also will be hard hit
eventually.
Recently, my attention has been called
to the fact that farm net income this
year probably will be up by $1 billion,
which seemingly is put forward as proof
that Mr. Freeman does care for the pro-
ducers. I am unconvinced. All this
projected increase comes from an in-
crease in payments to farmers which,
overall, will total more than $3.5 billion.
Government payments, year in and year
out, are a most unstable foundation for
agriculture. They depend on the whim
of the executive branch of the Govern-
ment and on the decision of each Con-
gress. They are a poor substitute for
cash in the marketplace.
The departure of Mr. Freeman would
not in itself put American agriculture
on a sound basis for solid market de-
velopment in the future, but it would
certainly be a hopeful and necessary be-
MR. FORD'S TIMELY CHARGE OF
MISMANAGEMENT
(Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr.
WYATT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, many
of us who are concerned over the ques-
tion of whether we can afford both the
frills of new Great Society programs and
the financing of the Vietnam war, with-
out runaway inflation or even higher
taxes, were greatly impressed by the
thoughtful and sober statement made
recently at a news conference by the dis-
tinguished minority leader, Mr. GERALD
R. FORD, of Michigan, during the Easter
recess.
The occasion for Mr. FORD's statement
was twofold-the birthday anniversary
of Thomas Jefferson, who as President,
cut taxes and reduced the national debt,
and the 15th of April, when most of us
had to file our Federal income tax re-
turns for 1965. Mr. FORD cited the roll-
call record of this body to show that on
domestic nondefense spending measures,
an average of 93 percent of the Republi-
cans had voted for savings and 82 per-
cent of the Democrats had voted for
spending more, and inevitably higher
taxes.
The distinguished minority leader very
carefully pointed out that we Republi-
cans in the House of Representatives,
though outnumbered two-to-one, have
consistently voted President Johnson
every penny he has asked for in support
of the war in Vietnam and the national
security. But in charging the Demo-
cratic majority, except for a handful of
Jeffersonian Democrats, with being a
"blank check Congress" for the Demo-
cratic administration, he served notice
that we Republicans do not intend to
countersign blank checks forever even in
the defense area. He cited reports from
South Vietnam of mismanagement by
Pentagon planners and rightly warned
that such shocking errors of judgment
cannot be condoned merely for the sake
of national unity. These management
mistakes-and more-have been con-
firmed since by Secretary McNamara
himself and, more significantly, by inde-
pendent'and reputable observers on the
scene, among them the correspondents of
CBS and the New York Times.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
Include the full text of Mr. FORD's excel-
lent statement and a few corroborating
reports from the press and the networks
in the RECORD at this point:
STATEMENT BY REPRESENTATIVE GERALD R. FORD
Yesterday was the birthday of Thomas
Jefferson. Today is the anniversary of
Abraham Lincoln's death. Tomorrow, as
most of us are unhappily aware even with-
out this reminder, is Great Society tax day-
the deadline for filing your Federal income
tax returns for 1965.
President Johnson is in Mexico City today
unveiling a statue' of Abraham Lincoln, so I
suppose it will not be amiss for me to say
a few words in praise of Thomas Jefferson.
Jefferson, though he called himself a Re-
publican, is regarded now as the father of
the Democratic Party. Lincoln, the first
Republican president, was himself a great
admirer of Jefferson, saying that "the prin-
ciples of Jefferson are the definitions and
axioms of free society." For his part, Jeffer-
son declared that "every difference of opin-
ion is not a difference of principle. We are
all Republicans; we are all Federalists."
So without quibbling about labels, let me
merely note that we are all today indebted
to Thomas Jefferson for one major contribu-
tion to our system of-government. He was
the Founding Father who started the two-
party system. You might say that, as Vice
President, he was the first minority leader
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7 334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE April 21, 1966
p.lospered under the two-party :system which stood up for ecc::Ionly and the now dwindling The repurchase need came about when
here on. Capitol Hill. And the country has hope of holding off inflation and higher Fed- the Defense Department decided to send B-52
developed-.thanks to Jefferson--outside the oral taxes for future April 15's. jets against the Commit casts in Vietnam.
provisions of the Constitution. It added We were faced with three new spending The 750-pounders had been disposed of in
another and most important check and bal- proposals, all having some merit in normal the belief that the gian!: bombers, which
ance to our experiment in self-government. times but steamrollered through the blank normally are armed with hydrogen bombs,
its to Jefferson's principles, during his check Democratic Congress by lopsided ma- would have no use for the conventional
n"' he out Federal spending, reduced jorites. Then we tried to trim excess fat bombs.
L axes, repaid $33 million of the national debt, from three appropriatior bills which came On that basis, the Air 'orce was author-
and repealed the excise tax on whisky. to us before the recess. some of these pro- ized in 1963, to dispose of excess'750-pounders
Whether he was the last Democrat or the posals were worthy, and they had powerful stored in Europe. The reasoning was that
first Republican to do this I will leave for advocates. But we are a war-and not do- the European storage spc;,'e could be better
hl t orians to argue. Lag too well with it. So again the roll was used.
,ere certainly can be no argument, how- called. Again the result was the same. Th. Vietnam missions assn>ned to the
ever, about the differences of principle that Ninety-three percent of ti :e Republicans were B-52's last summer changed all that because
divide our two parties in this lopsided 89th for saving; 82 percent Of the blank check the bombers were being loaded with 750-
Congress. There is no doubt which is the Democrats were for more spending. pounders at 30 tons a clip.
spending party and which is the pr,.Aent 1arh.1 te
hiss.
--.-
f
e
.. ,
or
ttEPORT FROM SAIGON BY iF:'I'ER KALISCII F.'P?
from he direction of the White House that scan this steamroller w ehnntV substantial
seutstlves, outnumbered more than 2 to left, in the Cong-'css--and it doesn't look like U.S. Air Force sorties iii South Vietii:em
i are wrecking the Johnson-Humphrey there are very many of them left. have been cut drastically from over 400 to
ad. L.inistration's earnest efforts to economize But we are going to make the record clear less than 100 a day in the past week because
:Ii d head oii higher taxes, The President for the people to judge i:a November, and I of a dire lack of ammunition and explos'',es,
plic iris with its and with the housewives and predict that the next Conl;Tess will be known CBS News learned unimpe ;cha..l>ly today
bus ncssmen and the farmers and labor lead- as the check-alcd-ha.lance Congress instead There is no bomb short::ge; there is only
ei f, sharpen our pencils and help him halt of the blank: check Congress. I am confident a shortage of what makes the bombs go off-
infil;ion. that here in the legislative branch, at least, fuses, pins and some timing devices. And
11',I. 1 have sharpened my pencil on my this country will have the right kind of lead- there is even a shortage of 20-millimeter
income tax forms, so let me show you a ership next year to meet the mounting array cannon shells.
lil il.. simple arithmetic: of dtclemmas and disastrra at home and This correspondent learned that. since mid-
tt this moment, there are 293 Democrats abroad. April Air Force bombers have been taking
and 140 Republicans in the House. That is Who vof:s for hiolier taxes? off half loaded. Only emergency missions
a ' to-1 majority with 13 votes to spare. and those in direct support of ground force
Even the liberal Democratic Study group in Six ECONOMY eO:cLCAILS Is: THE HOUSE, 1966
operations are being flown.
the House of
1,i the Senate there are 68 Democrats, in- avoided, is now aboni? to Ile remedied they
laanoratr Ai- tons of missing parts on the way_ But they
c,luding WAYNE MORSE, and 32 Republicans, odic for cans ns vo voting are not here now.
'[hat's also a two-to-orre majority with four -Panting for cuts
votes to spare. more and saving
ill short, this is a blank: check Democratic -- - `-'------ ---?-- ------ ------- [From. the New York Times, Apr. 20, IUU,661
Congress which can do virtually anything it 5-perce,:tcutininicriorop- AIR FORCE RAIDS-IN;ORMrr Sounds IN ';Ar-
ple:.aSeS, or anything President Johnson Preiliri atioas, Apr. 191iti---- 88 cts GON ASSERT NUMBER OF CORTIES IS DRA~;TI-
pieases, whether the Republican loyal op.. te-iere'cilt cut in 1'os+, ()fiicc- CALLY REDUCED-DISPut.*?'1a BY Pm ,NTAGOrv-
7r a lliy aj)plopil lt1Onn, INTENSITY OF STaIKi:S 1 saws[ rite For IN
po,.,iMon likes it or not. Such lopsided legis-? qhr i l ll;f - 93 89
la.tivc' majorities can spend your money, 4`i 3,I11iU ((In tii11111E 1Y1C'n L,d for SOUTH VIETNAM ALli0 RF'ORi d;) CU'r BACK
raise your taxes--and that's exactly what Ohl libsidics Mir. 29, 1966 75 95 (By Neil Shut :,;a,n)
this blank check Democratic Congress is "1-~~aU um authority Ior
I; ,e:aT [[. Ili car REV SAIGON, April 19.-The U.S. Air Force has
doing. hillse_ Mar. 22196; 7f 95 drastically reduced the number and inten-
"cut remember, no matter what ]President $1,(;00,0(u new n;thaity for sity of its bombing raids ag sinst Commui list
uial, Mar. 2,
Johnson says or how fervently he pleads with lard i (`cutor forces in South Vietnam iver the last 13
the housewives to stop buying steaks, the 79 94
$ asuf Oe0 nuw authority for days because of a shortage of pans for bombs
responsibility for Federal spending and for Florida Iutcrunl," FeI>. and other explosive ordnance. inforioed
Federal taxing rests with the Congress. This 1Jf6 _ 83 87 sources said today.
bl'ink check Democratic Congress will have --
to lace the American voter in November, and ce 11dgc'- ----- 82 93 Since April 6, when the icc!uctioti went iitLO
effect, the number of Air Force at attack sorties
the people will know whci r,,re the spenders
and who are the savers . NOTE. Total .strength 293 Democrats in South of its Vietnam former has ah level. shr ink to about 4P
They will know because there will be roll- versus 140 R epublicans-2 roans vacant. percent
bombs and other munition:: being expended
colas on every spending bill that comes br to
set of this session to ,c, - o .el, ''ale Our firm $,21 apiece for bomb;; which the Ger- sojyalarmingly hthat nave eeS.ttvairbwses in
put wartime priorities man firm had bought fn m the Air Force southeast Asia are now operating on a t ew
on his wartime budget requests. So far Ike as junk for $1.70 each 2 years ago, the Pen- days' supplies of certain munitions, the
1u i refused. We have gone along with our t l ou acknowledged yeste Jay.
icie c icd Commander in Chief on everything r)e ;p:.te the fact that file Germans sold so (IrI Ines said.
lie has asked to support; our fighting men in back the bombs--needed in Vietnam--far ( Washington, the Pentagon termed the
South Vietnam-hut when I read what is more than 12 tinm.es the p',lrchase price, the report of shortages "misleading.")
happening over there and how we are run- Ali, l'erce claimed there w;.ea a saving in the USE OF ROCKETS CALLS
ping short of bombs despite all the billions tf.,ii-;action. Before April 6 the Air Fors e wa averaging
we have voted for defense, I wonder how tmmhs of the same ty:e.---750-pounders, about 185 sorties daily. :'he planes w're
long we can underwrite shocking mismanage- cost $440 when b,:alght new today, a spokes- dropping about 1,000 bombs each day on
mer t; in the name of national unity, r.)' T1 said. Vietcong and North Vieth; mese troops in
We are certainly going to take hard second 11cfc;lse Secretary Rob; cis S. McNamara South Vietnam.
1oolus at all the proposals of thwhen e . ohm C onr s no nl:ioned Thursday that, bombs had been Since then the sorties h; ve averaged ap-
ihre spending gr repurchased from the Germans, who bought proximately 83 daily and the number of
resumes. t zn: to use the nitrate in deem for fertilizer. bombs dropped has averaged about 400 a d,ly.
Now here is the record on nondefense He was replying to newsmen's questions in The number of 2.75-inch ai;-to-ground roc-
speoding rolled up by the blank check Dem.- record to House Republic. n Leader GERALD kets being fired has fallen from 2,800 for the
ocral ie Congress thus far this session: On R. Faa.n's charge that adm'inistratio'n "mis- week ended April 1 to 98 for the week ended
six key money measures, an average of 82 management" had created ammunition April 15.
percent of the Democrats have voted for shortages in Vietnam. The sources said that further economies
higher spending and, inevitably, higher taxes. The firm--Ka'c;s & Steiirhausen Co., of were being achieved by sending planes out
ISee table.) , swinge, Germany-bought 7,562 of the with fewer bombs and other items of ord-
On the same six rollcalls in the House of 750-pounders for $12,376 in 1964 after they nance than normal. This tem'hnique, called
acpresentatives, an average of 93 percent of had been declared surplus The Air Force "light loads," decreases the intensity of the
lay It.epublican minority colleagues have bought back 5,57(1 of them for $114,500. attack.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8335
WARNINGS TO PENTAGON
Air Force officials in Vietnam, the sources
said, have repeatedly warned the Pentagon
over the last 4 months that munitions were
not arriving fast enough to meet require-
ments. So far, supplies have not been ade-
quately- increased, they said.
The sources, who are qualified but cannot
be named, said that the shortage to explosive
ordnance was somewhat widespread. It in-
cludes rockets and 20-millimeter cannon
shells used by fighter-bombers in strafing as
well as bomb fuses, without which the bombs
will not explode.
The sources declined to explain in detail
the reasons for the shortage, which they at-
tributed to a failure of enough supplies, to
arrive here from the United States. They
said the shortage was definitely not due to
faulty distribution of ordnance within South
Vietnam.
Nor have political disturbances within
South Vietnam been responsible for the
shortage, these sources said. Earlier this
month the airbase at Da Nang, 385 miles
north of Saigon, was unable to obtain muni-
tions at the port there because Buddhists
and rebelious military units had set up road-
blocks, but this problem was cleared up
within a few days, it was said.
The amount of munitions required by the
Air Force in Vietnam has soared over the
last year as the United States has built up
its military power here. Air Force sorties
have increased from a few hundred a month
earlier last year to an average of more than
1,300 a week this March.
ORDERS FROM WASHINGTON
Air Force officials here today would not
discuss-the shortage. They said they had
received orders from Washington not to
talk about the matter.
An official military spokesman would only
say that the Air Force had enough muni-
tions in South Vietnam "to meet all opera-
tional requirements so far, and we anticipate
that the Air Force will be able to meet these
requirements in the future."
Air Force officials here, it was said, de-
cided to reduce the number and intensity
of combat sorties when it became obvious
they were beginning to use up their .critical
reserve supply of munitions.
The Air Force maintains a 15-day to 30-day
supply of munitions within South Vietnam
in the event of a major expansion of the
war here, such as a large-scale intervention
by Communist China. It is considered un-
wise to allow this reserve to become too low.
If a major conflict did break out, the Air
Force might then run out of munitions.
SAVINGS IN LIVES SEEN
Sources here said that a number of high-
level conferences had been held in the last
week in an attempt to find ways of remedying
the shortage. The Air Force, these sources
said, may soon begin emergency flights of
ordinance from the United States.
So far, the sources said, there are still
enough usable bombs and other munitions
within South Vietnam to take care of
priority military targets and to support
American and Vietnamese ground troops in
direct contact with the guerrillas.
The reduction has largely affected so-called
preplanned bombing raids against suspected
Communist troop concentrations, supply
depots, and other bases.
The heavy use of airpower against such
targets has been part of United States
strategy in Vietnam. The theory is that con-
stant bombing will harass the Vietcong and
North Vietnamese, lower their morale, and
help prevent them from massing for large-
scale assaults, thus saving American lives.
EFFECTIVENESS IS QUESTIONED
Other military observers here question the
effectiveness of this strategy and contend
that it has been responsible for killing and
wounding large numbers of peasants caught
in the raids.
Under policies instituted by the Defense
Department in recent years, maintaining
large stockpiles of munitions overseas is con-
sidered uneconomical. Instead munitions
are transported to an area as they are re-
quired.
This system ties the fighting units closely
to their supply line and necessitates careful
planning long in advance, a smooth-running
transportation network and sufficient factory
production to meet requirements.
Sources here said that the vast bulk of
munitions was shipped to Vietnam by sea
and that it took 4 to 5 weeks, or more, from
the time the munitions left the factories
until they were unloaded at the docks here.
The U.S. Air Force carries about 40 percent
of the burden of the air war in South Viet-
nam.
The rest is maintained by the South Viet-
namese Air Force, the Marines, and Navy
planes from 7th Fleet carriers. So far as is
known, there has been no reduction in sorties
being flown by these forces.
GERMAN DENIES SHARP DEALING
(Special to the New York Times)
BONN, April 19.-The owner of the West
German company that sold 5,570 bombs back
to the United States at nearly 13 times the
original purchase price emphatically denied
today that he had engaged in sharp business
practices.
"I have made absolutely no profit on the
transaction," Karl Kaus, owner of Kaus and
Steinhausen, asserted in a telephone inter-
view.
The U.S. Defense Department, in urgent
need of munitions for the Vietnam war, re-
cently repurchased for $21 apiece, the 750-
pound bombs it had sold to Kaus and Stein-
hausen for $1.70 each.
Mr. Kaus said that the repurchase price had
been determined by "American auditors in
Washington and also here in our plant."
The Defense Department in Washington
has said that it considers the repurchase a
good deal because new bombs cost about $440
each. The bombs originally cost $330 each.
STILL BELONGED TO UNITED STATES
The bombs were still officially American
property, the German businessman ex-
plained. By contract, the U.S. Government
keeps title to the bombs until they are fully
dismantled.
Mr. Kaus asserted that the difference be-
tween what he paid for the bombs 2 years
ago and what he sold them for just covered
his expenses in storing, securing, and guard-
ing the bombs, taxes to the West German
Government, and losses incurred by their
removal.
He said that the United States had wanted
to buy back 2,000 more bombs but that they
had been found to be in poor condition.
The company dismantles surplus bombs
and sells the scrap to metal fabricating firms
and the chemical components to fertilizer
manufacturers.
STATEMENT BY HOUSE MINORITY LEADER
GERALD R. FORD
A week ago, in reiterating that the Re-
publican minority in the House had given
the President every penny he has asked for
defense purposes, I raised a question of seri-
ous shortages and inadequate advance plan-
ning by the civilian managers in the Penta-
gon which, according to widely publicized
reports by reliable and patriotic Americans
close to the scene, have been and still are
hampering the stepped-up level of combat
operations in Vietnam.
These reports, coincident with serious in-
ternal disturbances in that troubled coun-
try, came as something of a surprise to me,
to a great many Members of the Congress, of
both parties, as well as to the millions of
Americans we are here to represent. We had
been told in October 1963, by Secretary of
Defense McNamara, that most Americans
would be out of South Vietnam by the end
of 1965. We had been assured, again by Mr.
McNamara early last year that neither more
combat troops nor more money would be
needed in South Vietnam. Late last year, the
Defense Secretary returned from a personal
inspection of the situation there to say, "We
have stopped losing the war." And we have
been told ever since that the situation was
improving day by day.
So it produced something of a sonic shock
wave when suddenly the front pages of the
newspapers and the radio and television
newscasts were full of reports of internal
unrest, attacks on Americans, and curtail-
ment of combat operations against the Com-
muriist enemy. These were variously at-
tributed to supply tieups, shortages of es-
sential equipment, and civil disturbances in
South Vietnam. Evidence mounted, and
continues to mount, that the Pentagon plan-
ners were not adequately prepared to cope
with the kind of limited, nonnuclear type
of military operation for which they have
supposedly been reorganizing since the end
of the Eisenhower administration, With much
fanfare about modern management methods.
When I raised the question of mismanage-
ment, Mr. McNamara quickly-perhaps too
quickly-sought to smother it by sheer
weight of computer-like statistics. He
called a quickie press conference that after-
noon and personally declassified large areas
of secret information about U.S. bomb loads
and backlogs. This information was pre-
sumably classified on the grounds of national
security and potential value to the enemy.
It was not the first time he has removed
the "secret" label when criticism of the
Pentagon came too close for comfort.
In the course of Mr. McNamara's news
conference to discredit his critics-who have
never supposed or suggested that any of his
mistakes were deliberate or dishonorable-
the Secretary found himself partially con-
firming our concern. He admitted that the
Air Force had to buy back 750-pound bombs
which had originally cost U.S. taxpayers $330
apiece, were sold as surplus to a West German
fertilizer firm 2 years ago for $1.70 apiece,
and have now been recovered for $21 apiece.
If this is good management, I am mistaken
about the meaning of the word. If there was
no bomb shortage, was this transaction really
necessary?
Mr. McNamara also denied there is any
shipping shortage affecting Vietnam. Yet
only last Monday there were reliable reports-
one headlined "United States Again Short of
Viet Ships" from the April 18 Journal of
Commerce-that the Government is trying
to get 20 or more additional vessels from
private shipping companies. It is a known
fact that ships have been stacked up for
weeks as far away as Manila waiting to un-
load their Vietnam cargoes. Mr. McNamara
cites figures on post exchange supplies de-
livered to Saigon in answer to allegations
that our airmen haven't enough bombs.
He says there is no ship shortage, only
shortages of dock facilities. I am not in-
terested in playing word games, nor am I
interested in playing politics with this seri-
ous situation. I am only interested-and
I think every Member of the House and Sen-
ate, Democrats and Republicans, is also in-
terested-in seeing that the billions for de-
fense we have unhesitatingly voted is well
and wisely spent and that every American
sent 10,000 miles from home is given all the
support and supplies he needs to protect him-
self, defend all of us, and bring the war to
a swift and satisfactory end.
There has never been any doubt in my
mind that every one of my colleagues in the
House and Senate, regardless of party, agrees
completely on this point. I am proud to see
such distinguished Americans and distin-
guished Democrats as Senator STENNIS say,
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8336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
as he did on a national television network
lint Sunday, that his Preparedness Subcom-?
mitl.ee has found evidence of "mismanage..
me'nt" in Pentagon planning for the war. 11
am encouraged to hear that Mr. McNamara
conceded before the Fulbright committee that
we have some "temporary dislocations of
supplies" in South Vietnam because that
means that he is going to do something about
it. i sin informed that he sent his chief of
Air Force logistics to Saigon to investigate
what he calls the nonexistent bomb short-
ages, and to eliminate them. That's what;
we want.
!tut I am deeply concerned that Mr. Mc..
Namara, in his Senate testimony yesterday,
brushed off the concern of millions of patri.
otic American as "all this baloney." I share
thi:; concern, and I shall continue to ex-?
press it. I think such able Members of Con-
gress. as Senator STENNIS, Chairman GAR-
MAT'L, of the House Merchant Marine Com-
mittee, and Congressman OTIS Pis:E of the
House Armed Services Committee, share it. ]
know that many responsible newsmen here,
covering the Pentagon and sharing risks with
our lighting men in Vietnam will continue
be express their concern because that is our
obligation to the American people,
Now here are just a few of the reports that
have come in to corroborate the question I
raised a week ago:
1. New York Times Correspondent Neil.
Sheehan, in a front page story from Saigon.
yesterday, reported that since April 6 `the
number of Air Force attack sorties in South.
Vietnam has shrunk to about 43 percent of
its former level"-from 185 daily sorties
dropping about 1,000 bombs on Communist
tragets to an average of 83 sorties and 400,
bombs. Rocket firings, according to this re-
liable report, have fallen even more spec-
tacularly from 2,800 a week to 98. Mr. Shee-
lianct says further that our planes are being
sent out against the enemy with light
loads-- which is another way of saying more
American manpower is being exposed to com-
bal, risks with less firepower. The New York
Iinice dispatch states that "Air Force officers
in Vietnam have repeatedly warned the Pen-
l;agon over the last 4 months that muni-
tions were not arriving fast enough to meet
requiretnents and so far they are still in-
adequate. This has nothing to do with re-
cent civil disturbances at South Vietnamese
ports r or with the internal distribution sys-
tem our line military field commanders under
Uneeral Westmoreland, according to Mr.
eSheehan's sources. 'this New York Times
.report was called to Mr. McNamara's atten-
l;ion in the Senate hearings yesterday and he
nailed it "baloney."
2. Earlier, CBS News Correspondent Peter
Kaliecher, quoting what he called an "un-
itnpeachable" source, reported from Saigon
that "c dire lack of ammunition and ex-
plosives" has forced a cutback in U.S. Air
Force sorties from over 400 to less, than 100
acr oily. Kalischer said the critical shortage
was eeot in bombs but in fuses and other
::Ley parts that make bombs usable. He also
;:eportcd it shortage of 20-millimeter cannon
aihelh; and planes taking off half loaded.
"Only emergency missions and those in di-
rect support of ground forces operations are
i:)eint; down," CBS News said. This and other
careful reports from trained war cor:respond-
cut:; on the scene also, apparently, come
under Mr. McNamara's category of "all this
bale nev."
'hr long-range management of our over-
all defense effort can be faulted for its fail-
ure to adequately anticipate the needs of
the American merchant marine, a subject
which we discussed at some length yesterday
;;I; 1,1ke House Republican policy committee
press conference. As recently as the start
of this, year, Mr. McNamara testified that our
incrrtrant fleet was adequate for our defense
needs cod reaffirmed his earlier preference
for airlift. Yet. this week the administra-
tion is reportedly trying to scrape up 20 or
more additional. U.S.-flag carriers, and the
current budget includes funds for replace-
ment of only 9 to 13 of the World War II
merchant ships that form the bulk of our
dwindling merchant marine-now fallen to
about 1,000 vessels, mostly old, while the
Soviet Union has 1,500, mostly new, and
673 more building or oil order. In this
connection, I note that 10r. McNamara yes-
terday brushed off questions by the distin-
guished Senator from Kan-;as, Senator CARL-
soN, about the resale of surplus items by
NATO nations. He said A was all "World
War II equipment junk.' It's a sad fact
this is true of much of the- merchant marine
that he considers perfect y adequate. But
our alarm over shipping is more "baloney."
4. The authoritative ncagazine, Aviation
Week, in a series of articles by a Marine
Corps Reserve pilot who spent 2 months in
Vietnam reports in technical detail on a
wide range of ordnance and ammunition
shortages, defiicencies and deterioration. The
publication, Aviation Daily, in its April 19
issue summed up the misstatements Mr. Mc-
Namara has made in recent weeks and con-
cluded that "he has managed to almost meet
irirnself coming back on s+cme of the stories
he has presented to the public."
Mr. McNarrrara has a great gift for figures.
He is extremely agile in the use of words.
As I said previously, I: am not the least con-
cerned with playing word games. I have
not myself used the word "baloney" to char-
acterize disagreements am,mg equally patri-
ot.c Americans. We in the minority in this
Congress cannot selectively declassify in-
formation which has been stamped "Secret"
in order to substantiate the serious ques-
tions raised about the safety and support
of our fighting :men in Vietnam and the fu-
ture security of our country.
)laze must, therefore, depend in large meas-
ure on the kind of responsible, independent
reporters I have cited for firsthand informa-
tion on the situation in Vietnam. I for one
do not regard them as "b:doney." Whether
you call these examples mistakes of judg-
ment, mismanagement, pooor planning, faulty
foresight, bad bungling or just plain goofs,
I don't care. Whether they are "alarming"
or "distressing" or "shocking" or whatever
word you prefer---they are intolerable as long
as they endanger any American soldier, air-
man, sailor, ar marine. They are intolerable
as long as we, by asking questions of the
Pentagon and persisting after answers, can
cokrpel or speed up remedial action. This is
the joint duty of the responsible press and
the responsible representatives of the people.
I intend and hope they intend to continue
this duty. It is not "baloney."
C'UJBAN MILITARY TUAINING, SI-
iv1ILK FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN,
NO
(Mr. NELSE:Yu (at the :request of Mr.
WYATT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
Rl:wino and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, on Feb-
ruary 9, 1966, I wrote thr' President urg-
ing him to reverse the decision of our
Government to send money through a
Ullii;ed Nations agency to train Cuban
Communists in. military-related subjects.
The letter was prompted by authorita-
tive reports that $1,240,000 is to be chan-
neled to Cuba through the U.N. More
than half of this money is to be spent
teaching subjects like military communi-
cations, radar, electronics, and computer
training at the University of Havana.
April 21, 1966
The school is open only to Communists
and Cuban militiamen, and it is operated
by Russian and Cuban Reds. Some of
the money is also to go to help build a
million dollar agricultural research sta-
tion.
As I wrote the President, it seems to
me some existing American. programs
which he would like to cut back, like the
school lunch and milk programs, are far
more worthwhile and needed than either
of these Cuban projects. Certainly,
there's no sense in financing the military
educations of those sworn to destroy us.
With permission, I will insert the text
of my letter to the President at this point
in my remarks:
THE PRESIDENT,
The White House.
MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I was utterly
shocked by revelations on the House Floor
on February 1, indicating that our Govern-
ment plans to send $1,240,000 through a
United Nations agency to the Government of
Cuba, which plans to spend more than half
of it providing military-related training to
Communists, using Russian and Cuban mili-
tary teachers. As I understand it, the Uni-
versity of Havana technological branch,
which is open only to Communists and Cu-
ban militiamen, will provide training in
military communications, radar, electronics,
and computers, with the U.S. Government
footing 40 percent of the project cost. As if
this were not enough, the rest of our Govern-
ment's contribution is to assist in building
a $1.1 million agricultural research station
near Havana.
According to statements made on the
House Floor, the sizable contribution of the
U.S. Government is entirely voluntary on
our part, but Ambassador James Roosevelt,
the delegate to this particular U.N. agency,
has advised our Government will not demand
rejection of the projects nor will the United
States withhold its share of the costs. Am-
bassador Roosevelt is quoted as saying he
merely intends to "place on the public record
the Government's objection in principle."
Mr. President, tyranny, bloodshed, and
chaos have been part of the lot of the Cuban
people and many of their Latin American
neighbors ever since the Communists seized
Cuba. As a matter of fact, about 1 month
ago some 82 Communist parties from three
continents met in Cuba to plot the more ef-
fective subversion of the Western Hemi-
sphere, Asia, and Africa. On these bases
alone, the United States contribution to
these improper projects should be withheld.
The fiscal 1967 budget which you recently
presented to the Congress -.:ills for cutting
back the school milk program by $82 mil-
lion, the school lunch program by $19 mil-
lion, the agricultural research program by
$70 million and the agricultural conservation
program by $120 million. I would respect-
fully suggest that every single one of these
programs is far more worthwhile and needed
than is either the building, of a million dol-
lar argriculture facility near Havana or the
financing of the military educations of these
bent on our destruction.
In view of all these reasons, and because
of the Government's heavy spending coin-
mitments at home and elsewhere in tlae
world, I urge the immediate reversal of the
Government's decision to contribute to these
projects. Knowing you will want to investi-
gate this further, I air: enclosing a tearsheet
from the CONeassssONAI, R`zcoaD which in-
cludes the appropriate rema.iks on which this
letter to you is based.
Sincerely yours,
ANm n:R Nsta;rN,
Miner her of Co 1s.() l'CSS.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400060005-7