VIETNAM--A MISERABLE CIVIL WAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400060004-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: April 25, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

8454 ApprovectreNBRIEMONMIOANO?M-RWRIA446R0004000W-145, 1966
expected to write nothing if I "lost thOargu-
ment."
Well, I have lost the big one now, and so
I am leaving. But the grief is purely profes-
sional. I leave with regret for my lack of
persuasiveness, and with my high regard and
liking for my editorial colleagues intact.
That goes especially for Molly Clowes (edi-
torial page editor)?no difference of opinion
could ever diminish the professional admira-
tion and the deep affection I have for her?
and for Barry Bingham, a comrade-in-arms
in Europe and the Pacific, a close friend
since 1942, whose example of 1941 I am now
following.
NOTE FROM THE EDITOR OF THE COURIER-
JOURNAL
Weldon James, in the statement which ap-
pears on this page, is clearly acting on prin-
ciple in a cause which commands his deep
conviction.
He is one of the fortunate people who can
see the issue of Vietnam in clear, sharp out-
lines of black and white. I share with mil-
lions of Americans the unhappy necessity of
viewing it in infinitely varying shades of
gray.
I cannot in good conscience support every
aspect of the official American position. I
cannot, on the other hand, find the release
of condemning our whole policy and de-
manding American withdrawal.
The man who is owner and editor of a
newspaper must shoulder the burden of
editorial policy decisions. I listen to my
valued associates, such as Weldon James,
with respect as well as affection. But the
final responsibility for the editorial page
cannot be divided. I can only act on my
conscience, as Weldon James is acting on his.
?BARRY.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Wisconsin yield?
Mr. PROXMIRE. I am happy to yield
to the Senator from Montana.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am delighted
that the Senator from Wisconsin is put-
ting into the RECORD the statement made
by Mr. Barry Bingham, the publisher of
the Louisville Courier-Journal, because
I believe that statement?as the Senator
has pointed out?is indicative of the stat-
ure of Mr. Bingham, as well as of Asso-
ciate Editor Weldon James.
Mr. PROXMIRE. I thank the distin-
guished majority leader. ' Of course, I
agree with him wholeheartedly. Mr.
Bingham is, really, one of the great news-
paper publishers in this ,country.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
time of the Senator from Wisconsin has
expired.
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to proceed for 2 addi-
tional minutes.
The PRESIDING OriviCER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
SPORTING NEWS LINES UP IN MIL-
WAUKEE'S CORNER ON BRAVES'
WALK OUT
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the
decision of Circuit Judge Elmer W.
Roller, ordering baseball to prepare a
1967 expansion plan including Milwaukee
unless the Braves are ordered back to
Wisconsin forthwith, has brought com-
ment from across the country, most of
it highly critical of baseball's abandon-
ments of Milwaukee. The Sporting
News, the so-called bible - of baseball,
expressed its views in its most recent
issue, and it could find no approval of
baseball's position, either.
That editorial concludes as follows:
By following its present course, we do not
believe baseball will regain public esteem
in the courts. It can do so only by comply-
ing with Judge Roller's order to submit an
expansion plan for 1967 which would include
Milwaukee. Failure to do so means baseball
is playing with fire. The defeat in the Wis-
consin circuit court can bring renewed vigor
to baseball if it expands as ordered, But
defeat in the U.S. Supreme Court could de-
stroy every privilege the majors insist they
need for survival. The choice should not be
difficult.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the editorial from the April
30 issue of Sporting News be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
under our free enterprise system. But, hav-
ing moved into a county built arena, the
club became a quasi-public institution, with
an obligation to every citizen in the Milwau-
kee area.
The Braves departure also left economic
wounds not easily healed. Testimony during
the trial suggested that a major league club
meant $18 million per year to Milwaukee's
economy. One witness estimated that in
the period 1953-63, more than $50 million in
out-of-town revenue poured into the city as
the result of major league baseball.
UNCONVINCING PROOF
A quasi-public enterprise packing that
much financial wallop can hardly expect a
hearty farewell handshake from the city
suddenly deprived of this income.
These factors put a heavy burden of proof
on the Braves' attempt to pull out of the
city and leave it without major league base-
ball. Approval of the transfer to Atlanta
would appear justified only if there is over-
whelming evidence that baseball interest is
dead in Milwaukee, that the club is blameless
and that the guilt lies at the community's
door. We are not convinced.
By the same token, the Braves' case for
abandoning Milwaukee did not convince
Judge Roller. Testimony he cited in his
176 page decision casts considerable doubt
on the validity of numerous defense claims.
Was it Milwaukee's fault that the purchaers
of the Braves hi 1962 borrowed at least $5
million in short- and long-term notes to
swing a $6.2-million deal? Was Milwaukee's
1964 attendance of 910,000 evidence of fan
apathy? If it was, might not the 10 other
major league clubs which failed to match
that figure in 1964 have grounds for moving?
By following its present course, we do
not believe baseball will regain public esteem
In the courts. It can do so only by complying
with Judge Roller's order to submit an ex-
pansion plan for 1967 which would include
Milwaukee. Failure to do so means baseball
is playing with fire. The defeat in the Wis-
consin circuit court can bring renewed vigor
to baseball if it expands as ordered. But
defeat in the 'U.S. Supreme Court could de-
stroy every privilege the majors insist they
need for survival. The choice should not be
oult.
SPORTING NEWS LINES UP IN MILWAUKEE'S
CORNER
Regarding the future welfare of baseball,
perhaps the most important bit of testimony
in the State of Wisconsin's case against the
Braves came from former Commissioner Ford
Frick. Disputing the oft heard claim by
many officials that early expansion is "pre-
posterous," Frick said, on the contrary, that
it would be simple to add more clubs to the
two major leagues.
Then, getting to the heart of the issue,
Frick expressed the opinion that "if we re-
fuse to consider the interest of' the public
in the development of our game, if we in-
sist on being completely monopolistic in our
organization, we will lose all the public es-
teem which presently exists. We will pave
the way for the breakdown of our structure."
The Sporting News agrees completely with
Frick's views. The monopolistic privileges
which baseball enjoys carry with them cer-
tain obligations, which regrettably have not
been fulfilled in Milwaukee. As a result,
baseball is headed for a U.S. Supreme Court
test that may well destroy "the umbrella"
of antitrust exemption under which it has
been operating since Justice Oliver Wen 'ell
Holmes' famous decision in 1922.
RESPONSIBILITIES, TOO
While many outsiders dispute the p
baseball undoubtedly has prospered becau
it is a monopoly. But, long ago, other legs
ized monopolies?and there are still many
them in this country?recognized or we
forced to recognize that exclusive rights an
public responsibilities go hand in hand.
Baseball may be fighting for what it be-
lieves to be its rights in the Milwaukee case,
but we think it is ignoring its accountability.
Organized ball operates with reserve clause
contracts, unchallenged territorial rights and
a free agent draft. Baseball officials consider
them vital to the game's health. So do we.
And we also maintain that an enterprise
which finds it necessary 'to accept a privi-
leged status cannot shirk its allegiance to
the community in which it operates.
Compounding the obligation baseball owes
to its fans?and taxpayers in general?is the
game's increasing tendency to rely on public
funds for new park construction. Today's
high costs virtually prohibit private financ-
ing of stadiums. Even where it can be done,
there must be municipal, county or State
cooperation through site allocations, tax con-
cessions, road building, and other assistance.
And when a club accepts outside aid, either
In full or in part, it increases its sphere of
responsibility.
If the Braves, let us assume, had built their
own stadium in Milwaukee with private
funds, then their decision to move to At-
lanta, leaving a "white elephant" park be-
hind them, possibly could not be challenged
IETNAM?A MISERABLE CIVIL WAR
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent that I may pro-
ceed for 8 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
historically, there are no such countries
as North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
For thousands of years, the Vietnamese
have lived in the land area which, since
1954, has been termed North Vietnam
and South Vietnam. Historically, the
Vietnamese people are great warriors.
They have a noble tradition and a very
great history of having hurled back in-
vaders from the Chinese Empire
throughout many, many years. Monu-
ments within Vietnam commemorate
these victories and stand as memorials
to warlord rulers of Vietnam.
Defense Secretary Robert S. 1VIeNa-
mara is said to have made a tough state-
ment before the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee in which he said:
The war in Vietnam was not and is not a
civil war. It is a direct and flagrant aggres-
sion by North Vietnam.
This was a blatant misstatement of
fact. The Geneva Accords of 1954 pro-
vided neutrality; self-determination, and
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April 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 8453
the labor unions, which since have been
working on a substitute.
However, the engineers union has made
it clear that regardless of what permanent
machinery might be established, it would
not permit the Elizabeth Lykes dispute to
he resolved by that machinery because they
felt it unfair to apply such a mechanism to
an existing situation. It should be applicable
to future problems only, Calhoon feels.
LOUISVILLE COURIER-JOURNAL: A
GREAT PAPER SAYS GOODBY TO
A REMARKABLE EDITOR
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the
Louisville Courier-Journal has long been
recognized as one of the handful of truly
great newspapers in America.
Recently, its editor and publisher ac-
cepted the resignation of its very re-
markable associate editor, Weldon James.
Mr. James vigorously disagreed with
Barry Bingham and the Courier-journal
on the paper's Vietnam policy. James
forthrightly told the paper so and quit
to go on active duty with the U.S. Ma-
rines.
In resigning, Mr. James wrote one of
the most impressive statements on edi-
torial dissent within a great newspaper
that I have ever read. Barry Bingham,
the paper's publisher, replied with equal
grace.
The editorial and the report speak
well for the integrity of both Weldon
James and the Courier-Journal.
Sonic years ago, after I had completed
my requirements for my doctorate at
Itarvard, I began writing a dissertation
an "'Developing Standards for Evaluat-
ing the Political Content of the American
Newspaper." I never completed the dis-
sertation. So of course I have never
aimed my doctorate. But, in the course
of my study, I have had occasion to
study American newspapers in some
depth.
in my judgment, this editorial shows
ta, remarkable and rare maturity as well
an deep conviction, on the part of all
those involved in what must have been
Sic toughest kind of difference of opinion.
it shows how an editor in support of
his deepest convictions can resign in
iriod grace, and how a great newspaper
iian accept that resignation, It provides
a lesson for all of us in our often heated
disagreements over Vietnam policy.
ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial by Weldon James explaining his
resignation from the Courier-Journal
and the reply by Barry Bing,-ham be
Printed in the REcoap.
There being no objection, the article
and reply were ordered to be printed in
Lhe RECORD, as follows:
IlFrem the Washington (D.C.) Daily News,
Apr. 21, 196131
A MATTER OF BELIED': IT'S PAST TIME To SAY
1.0 HELL WITH HO
(By Weldon James)
(Barron's NOTE .?The Washington Daily
Stews reprints from the Louisville, Ky.,
Courier-Journal an article by its associate
editor, Weldon James, announcing the rea-
sons for his resignation?and the reply from
the paper's editor and publisher, Barry Bing-
ham. Weldon James, incidentally, gained
laitry into area of Far East affairs by being
present, as United Press correspondent when
Japanese Shells sank the U.S. gunboat Panay
in the Yangtze River in 1937.)
This is one editorial only a great newspaper
could invite anyone- to write and to sign.
I quit. I resign as an associate editor of the
Courier-Journal. I am going on active duty
in the Marine Corps to testify to my belief
that U.S. policy in Vietnam is right?and
that the quicker more newspapers and more
people give the President solid support, the
shorter and less dangerously complicated the
war there will be.
The Courier-Journal, as its readers know.
is no appeaser on Vietnam, no advocate of
U.S. withdrawal. But it does not speak with
the sharpness I believe the continuing crisis
demands.
I believe that the 'United States was right
about Vietnam in 1954, right when President
Kennedy increased our involvement, right
when President Johnson did likewise, and
right to commit, in the President's words,
"whatever it takes" to deny the Communist
a military triumph -there.
I believe Lyndon?Johnson is as right as
Roosevelt, as timely as Truman. as cautiously
correct as Kennedy, and as entitled to Eisen-
hower's and the Nation's support as the
Courier-Journal used to say In editorials I
wrote.
But the Courier-Journal, like some other
great news:papers, no longer Liaises a forth-
right stand on this paramount issue. I re-
spect the conscientiousness of its reasoning,
but I am not covinced.
TIM, is no time for the press of a great
Nation to p1a3r Hamlet?or Lippmann. Wal-
ter Lippmann's glocm about the Truman
doctrine was 100 percent wrong*. That doc-
trine played a decisive role in converting the
Soviet Union to a belief in peaceful coexis-
tence. Its great dividend is the historic rift
between Peking and Moscow today.
Mr. liippmann's China doorstep arguments
about southeast Asia today are identical with
hie Russia-doorstep :arguments about Greece
and Turkey in 1947?and I believe identically
fallacious about what the United States
ahould do and can do.
The Courier-Journal has no indorsed the
Lippmann line, nor has it been guilty of the
vacillation or the silence or the yes-buts of a
good part of the American press that have
misled both Hanoi and Peking. But in re-
cent months it has been something less than
decisive. And all this across the Nation has
nurtured honest contusion of the minority
in this country?anti uninte rationally en.
couraged the sit-ins, the draft card burners,
the neoisolationiet belief the I. if only the
United States were to withdraw from south-
east Asia (or any other trouble spot), the
world would have instant peace.
No one can delay that the issues in south-
east Asia are terribly complex, or contend
that we have not made mistakes there. It
would be a miracle :if we had not. And I
fully respect the honest doubts and anxieties
of some of my colleagues and of other
thoughtful Americans who differ with my
views. But I beieve tt, is past time they re-
aa lived them and invoked positive support for
the President. This could, in my emphatic
belief, keep the war limited, and help to
shorten It.
Diversity of criticat opinion is not only a
right but the great strength of a democracy,
and no American I know would limit it. But
there is enough evidence at hand for the
American .tary to reach a verdict on Vietnam.
The evidence is not just two decades of his-
tory bat the exposition of that history and
of the facts today by the President, the Vice
President, the Secretaries of State and De-
fense, Averell Harriman, McGeorge Bundy,
and a host of others.
At moments in history when their declara-
tions had a powerful and useful impact on
public opinion, the Courier-Journal's Henry
Watterson said "to hell with the Hohenzol-
lerns" and Mark Etheridge ( former pub-
lisher) and Barry Bingham said in effect "to
hell with Hiter"?and Mr. Bingham went into
the Navy before Pearl Harbor to show where
he stood. I hold it is past time to say to hell
with Ho?and to speed him toward that
destination until he sees the virtues of the
conference table.
That solution manifestly is impossible as
long as Ho believes that the American people
will indeed, as he long ago boasted, weary,
waver, and withdraw.
If we don't get the message to Ho now, the
need to get it to Mao Tse-tung will be upon
us in time. He's told us what he plans. It
is as foolish to laugh at his boasts and Red
China's "weakness" now as it was to laugh
at "that clown Hitler" and Mali Germany's
"weakness" in the 1930's.
Some of my good but regrettably misin-
formed friends have attributed the positive-
ness of my views to my long ties with the
Marine Corps, instead of to reason, logic, and
a lifelong study of history.
This is nonsense, of course, The Marine
Corps has no foreign policy. It has no pol-
itics. Sound out six Marine sergeants?or
six Marine generals, for that matter?and
you'll find as many differing "experts" on
foreign affairs and politics as you'll find in
the corner tavern.
The Marine Corps, as a long succession of
its Commandants have made plain, has but
one job. That is to obey the orders of the
civilian Commander in Chief, the President.
The Marine Corps does teach the uses of
disciplined rage and the application of
"measured strength"?exactly what the
United States is employing in Vietnam today.
And it has been asking for reserves to volun-
teer. I am proud it believes I can be of some
use to it now, thanks in great part to the
generosity with which the Courier-Journal
over the years has enabled me to advance my
training in Marine Corps schools, the Na-
tional War College, and with N tvy and Ma-
rine Forces on the job in Europe and the
Orient.
A few comments on the national scene:
It is well nigh incredible to me that some
self-styled liberal Democrats should be ig-
noring the posthumous revelation of Adlai
Stevenson's true position on Vietnam (the
Courier-Journal, of course, took sensible edi-
torial notice of this). It is even more shock-
ing that they should be seeking to explain
away Vice President HUBERT HUMPHREY'S vig-
orous and persuasive ,support of the Presi-
dent's policies as the calculated insincerity
of "a White House captive." They owe it to
their label--and to the country - - to go back
and ponder what John F. Kennedy said and
did about Vietnam.
I believe that the worst bit of mischief-
making about southeast Asia has been per-
petrated by the President of France. NATO
aside, it is appalling that De Gaulle can in-
duce anyone anywhere to accept his absurd
equation of U.S. aid to South Vietnam with
France's vain attempt, against Anglo-Amer-
ican advice and warning, to hold on to her
colonial empire in Indochina after World
War II. But when I discussed Vietnam with
some hundreds of the Nation's college stu-
dent editors in New York recently, I dis-
covered that some--a thin minority, fortu-
nately--have indeed accepted this absurdity
as "fact."
The Courier-Journal, to its credit, has not
encouraged the absurdities of the super-
liberal Democrats or the French equationists.
But it has not yet attacked them with the
vigor I think they demand.
To longtime readers of the Courier-
Journal I must observe that I carne to Louis-
ville some 17 years ago on handsome prom-
ises, handsomely kept?that I would have
time for foreign travel and lecturing and
other writing, and would wear no man's col-
lar, and be paid to argue and to criticize the
newspaper from front page to back, and be
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April 25, 1966
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 8455
free elections for Vietnam. At that time
the United States, through its repre-
sentatives, agreed to the Geneva Accords.
It is specifically stated in the Geneva
agreement, and I quote:
The military demarcation line at the 17th
parallel is provisional and should not in any
way be considered as constituting a political
or territorial boundary.
Since that time all land area north of
the 17th parallel is termed North Viet-
nam and the area south of this provi-
sional demarcation line is referred to as
South Vietnam.
Very definitely, this administration
has invloved more than 300,000 men of
our Armed Forces in a miserable civil
war in Vietnam. While on a study mis-
sion in Vietnam early last October,
General Westmoreland stated to the
junior Senator from Ohio, "The bulk
of the Vietcong fighting us in South
Vietnam were born and reared in South
Vietnam." He made this statement to
me one evening in Saigon. He will not
deny it. Furthermore, no one can deny
that Prime Minister Ky, the flamboyant
air marshal, so-called, of the South
Vietnamese Air Force who was installed
by 10 generals last June as Prime Min-
ister of the Saigon government when
those general overthrew the civilian
government of Saigon, was born and
reared in Hanoi. It may be startling to
Defense Secretary McNamara to learn
that Ky and other officials in the Saigon
government and generals of the army
of Saigon forces fighting the Vietcong
were themselves born and reared in
North Vietnam. General Richard Stil-
well informed the junior Senator from
Ohio that 80 percent of the armed forces
of South Vietnam fighting in the Mekong
Delta were born and reared in the
Mekong Delta which is south and west
of Saigon. The civilian head of the
National Liberation Front, which is the
political organization directing the Viet-
cong, is a Saigon lawyer. It is stated
that he is not a Communist.
When the Vietnamese were fighting
for their freedom against French colo-
nialism their official organization was
termed the National Liberation Front
and their fighting forces were termed
Vietminh. Many of those freedom
fighters against French colonalism are
fighting now as Vietcong to establish,
they hope, a South Vietnam free from
the presence of foreign soldiers. Of
course, this is a civil war. In fact, in
recent weeks the violence and rioting in
Danang, Saigon, Hue and elsewhere in
South Vietnam have indicated a revolt
within a civil war. Defense Secretary
McNamara is just as wrong now in
denying that a miserable civil war is
raging in Vietnam as he was in May
1962 in a briefing at Saigon, when he
said, "The war is being won." Still
dressed in khaki and hiking shoes that
he wore during his field tour, with his
notebooks filled with information and
opinions, he answered a skeptical re-
porter, "Every quantitative measurement
we have shows we are winning the war."
Also, at that time 4 years ago, in the
luxurious air-conditioned headquarters
In Saigon, Gen. Paul D. Harkins, the
American commander, waxed optimistic
with impressive statistics of Vietcong
killed and of our winning the war. This
was precisely how the French staff offi-
cers comforted themselves during the
Indo-China war early in 1954 shortly
before Dienbienphu was overrun by the
Vietnamese. Bad news was derided as
spurious pessimism.
The forces of the National Liberation
Front fought for freedom against the
French attempt to reestablish their op-
pression and colonialism at the end of
World War II, and despite massive mil-
itary aid given by our Government to the
French in 1953 and 1954, including air-
planes, tanks, munitions, artillery, ma-
chineguns. The French were besieged
and defeated at Dienbienphu which Gen-
eral Navarre had established and gar-
risoned as an offensive base. Following
this surrender on May 8, 1954, of the
French, Moroccan, and Vietnamese
alined with them against the Vietminh,
and about 12,000 survivors of the French
Foreign Legion, and the withdrawal of
the French colonial forces, Ho Chi Minh
was elected president in the only election
held in Vietnam.
We Americans, supplanting French
colonialism, established by the opera-
tions of our CIA a puppet government in
Saigon and President Diem called off the
elections stipulated in the Geneva Ac-
cords to be held in 1956. President Ei-
senhower in his reminiscences wrote that
had the election been held Ho Chi Minh,
the George Washington of Vietnam,
would have received 80 percent of the
vote of the Vietnamese people living to
the south and north of the 17th parallel
demarcation line.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 8
minutes of the Senator from Ohio have
expired.
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. I ask unanimous
consent to proceed for 3 additional min-
utes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
Secretary of State Dean Rusk said
again last week?and he has repeated the
statement since, in fact he has made this
statement so many times that one feels
like saying put on a new record?"Amer-
lean soldiers are fighting in Vietnam be-
cause of commitments made by three
Presidents."
This Thursday marks the birthdate of
Adolf Hitler, born in Austria, April 28,
1889. Hitler was the author of the "big
lie." He and his Nazis boasted, if you
state a lie repeatedly many, many times,
it will come to be believed. This seems
to be the technique of Secretary Rusk
and other apologists for our involvement
in a miserable civil war in Vietnam with
hundreds of thousands of American GI's.
To speak charitably of Secretary Rusk
and other "war hawks" who repeatedly
claim that American boys are fighting
and dying in Vietnam because of com-
mitments made by three Presidents, let
me say if they are not resorting to the big
lie technique, my comment, generous to
them, is that they are reckless and care-
less with the truth.
Our late great President John F. Ken-
nedy stated:
Transforming Vietnam into a Western
redoubt is ridiculous.
Also, on September 3, 1963, shortly be-
fore he was assassinated, he said:
I don't think that unless a greater effort
is made by the Government to win popular
support that the war can be won out there.
In the final analysis, it is their war. They
are the ones who have to win it or lose it.
We can help them, we can give them equip-
ment, we can send our men out there as ad-
visers, but they have to win it?the people
of Vietnam?against the Communists. We
are prepared to continue to assist them, but
I don't think that the war can be won unless
the people support the effort, and, in my
opinion, in the last 2 months the Govern-
ment has gotten out of touch with the
people.
On the day that General Eisenhower
left the White House, January 20, 1961,
the total of 'U.S. military advisory per-
sonnel had been increased during his ad-
ministration from 327 in 1953 to 685 in
1961. He made our initial commitment
to South Vietnam in a letter to President
Diem of South Vietnam stating:
I am instructing the American Ambassa-
dor * * to examine with you * * * how
an intelligent program of American aid
* * * can serve to assist Vietnam In its
present hour of trial.
He added:
The purpose of this offer is to assist
the Government of Vietnam in developing
and maintaining a strong, viable state capa-
ble of resisting attempted subversion or ag-
gression through military means. * *
The U.S. Government hopes that such aid,
combined with your own continuing efforts,
will contribute effectively toward an inde-
pendent Vietnam endowed with a strong gov-
ernment.
It is evident therefore, that Secretary
Dean Rusk and other administration
apologists for waging an American war
in Vietnam are reckless and careless with
the truth. There was no commitment
by three Presidents. Regretably, there
is a commitment by one President, the
present Commanding Officer of our
Armed Forces, President Johnson.
Vietnam wits never, and is not now, of
strategic or economic importance to the
defense of the United States.
WISCONSIN FARMERS POUR HARD
WORK, INVESTMENT, GREAT EF-
FICIENCY INTO PRODUCTION
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, too
few Americans appreciate the amazing
technological revolution that has taken
place on our dairy farms. The American
dairy farmer has made a huge contribu-
tion to the remarkable standard of liv-
ing in this country.
At this time when farmers are being so
unfairly blamed for inflation, more
Americans should realize that it is pri-
marily because of the remarkable in-
crease in farm efficiency, the hard work
of farmers, and the very heavy invest-
ment they have made that America has
in fact enjoyed the most stable prices
since World War II of any country in the
world.
The farmer and his family have re-
ceived little benefit from this. In gen-
eral he has been left out of the affluent
society.
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Approved For ReleasteAmnRiaNCI,AeRDEP(6.70BRO10)4_46SREONO0A4T0E0060004-8
e,ittly the Christian Science
Moni-
'i on the impressive efficiency'
of iiao of Wisconsin's dairy farmers,
g Beane of Fort Atkinson. Mr.
Bcane is one of the most efficient dairy
faimers in our State. And it is not an
exat-',:gcration to argue that Wisconsin has
nh)st efficient dairy farmers in the
world and that virtually all the inefficient
dairy i:armers left the farm during the
very snarp reduction in the number of
dairy farmers over the past 20 years.
Tile Christian Science Monitor reports
an exciting story of modern efficiency in
operation. The story shows that the
Beane family has dedicated itself with
amazing- real to dairying-, studying jour-
nair and. technical dairy .publications,
iitstalling a computer to keep the most
comprehensive and precise kind of rec-
ords, working from 4:30 a.m. until long
atter chrk.
'Yes, Mr, Beane has done well. He has
invested $200?000 in his farm operation
since he went to work for his father-in-
law aftpr World War IL
vti, Mr. Beane is not living high in any
sense. As the Monitor reports:
rn,,ific the home shows the wear of years
or plowing, all earnings back into farm opera-
tions lesn house paint, remodeling or
sirop en nveniences.
For Soo long, Mr. President, the sacri-
fice American farmers have made in low
income---while they have contributed so
immffisely to the economy?has been
overlooked.
unanimous consent that the ar-
ticle by John Allan Long, entitled "Com-
puters Prod Wisconsin Cows," from the
Christian Science Monitor be printed in
the HEcoan.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the ne8609n,
as follows:
DCWN ON Tnr. FM/M-1.9(i6 COMPUTERS PROD
WISCONSIN COWS
NOTE.- --American farming is experiencing
a revolution in. techniques, mechanization,
and business practices. To learn more about
itLese important changes a correspondent of
lain Christian Science Monitor has visited five
representative Midwest farms of different
types. Ws first report is from the. dairying
-region of Wisconsin.)
( By John Allen !Mogi
NORT ATKINSON, Was Beane pulled
Iii;. hoots, pushed up his gray sleeves,
sloshed over his muddy backyard, paused,
then pointed across a rolling field behind his
huge 05 try barn.
'lire very few dairy In left be-
13yeell Us and town," he said, motioning to-
werd Fort Atkinson, 4 miles east.
"They're emitting now 16 a day in the
: ilti,ey can't compete with city wages--
to netter k 31 town Bin; there's still a good
nett Ire in OD frying, I wouldn't let my son
40 into it if there weren't."
Tame is probably no other dairyman in
Side Slate who knows his business better
than T3es,ne. And now he is expanding
while so may of his neighbors are pulling
elm
now TT'S DoNTI
rm. open the small door to his cen-
tury-old barn. Stepping inside, he turned
not bodies] to his chores. Twice a day--
early LB:11.ring aid early evening?he and
'iln son milk CO cOWS.
Wat:11 down the milkroorm Scrub the
Lank, milkers, tubing. Let the cows into
their stanchions. Give tlem hay and feed.
Attach the automitic milk a
Pour the milk into a portable strainer
which channels the milk through tubing
across the barn end into he stainless steel
tank. Move to the next cc w: Repeat, again
and again, until through.
li"eed the calves. Clean the barn. Wash
Um milking equipment.
lit takes a lot of know-h' v to make money
dairying in WSscolasin todat . It doesn't take
the mast modern equipmmit, as Mr. Beane
proves. It does require the farmer to he on
Lop of his business.
COMPUTERS
This Mr. Beane is. 1-1e's director on the
board of Milwatebte Milk Preducers; a writer
lot' the Wiscanaiu Aprimeturalist, a farm
,jourrial: vice president of the Agricultural
Records Coop:erative (ARCi . a farmer-owned
computer center in Madison: and president of
the national Dairy Herd In,provement Asso-
ciation (DHIA).
These latter two groups ose computers to
help farmers keep detailed records on their
COWS. ARC is the State au m. of the
Mr. Beane understands the complexities
of tine Federal milk market: op orders. Most
farmers know little about liow these orders
set their milk prices.
And Mr. Beane is highly efficient in his
milking operations. The 100 minutes it takes
him, to milk is fast. I visited a farmer north
of Madison who lixe3 the ultimate in milking
equipment. It tslms him 21 minutes longer
ii sank 20 fewer cows.
MILE ING IN THE BLOB
Mr. Beane is preparing to estall a milking
parlor setup in June. The iond around his
barns is only temperary?pD.einced by heavy
construction equip. aent.
At present, each of the cow has a separate
stall. The milker must go to a. cow, milk
her, carry the milk to the teritrally placed
strainer, return to another cow, milk her,
and so on. This amounts t t about 2 miles
of legwork a day, figures Mr Beane.
With the parlor, the milker remains in one
plane. The cows file past on both sides on
-radiant platforms; the farmer doesn't have to
stoop. Eight cows ere milko I at a time.
Milk is automatically carrt d to the tank,
Feed is automatically measured to each cow
according to her needs. Washing the milkers
and tank is done by pushbutttan. The parlor
is sprayed out wich pressurf,,ed hot water.
Few farmers are using the. parlor setup.
It cost.s up to $40,00 I to build But for large
herds, it is a must. Mr. Beane has 120 cows,
and milks half of tbese. He in building his
herd to 200.
T WO- UNI,RED-170 UE: ND-DOLI 1 INVESTMENT
Wi al the expanslim, he wit have about
6200,000 invested in his farre. The parlor
makes it easier on the milker But it alone
doesn't produce :more or bette;' milk.
Like the white, high-pealed barn, the
Beane home also dates back 1.0 the 1860's.
The farm has been in Mrs. Peane's side of
Lim am ii for 103 ytars.
Set behind a hill, the house :end barns are
protected from high winds lid tornadoes.
Last year, April twisters levelee several farms
within a ::nile. The Beane f Ism was only
buffeted.
Insidi . the home slaows the wear of years
of plowing all earnings back :et? farm op-
erations?more cows, better co :v8, more land,
more .equipment. And now a new milking
parlor. Rot less host, e paint, .emodeling, or
hying eonveniencies..
READING AND WRITIL
"We started after the war w Mi a model A
:Ford, the shirts on our hacks and $100
in: our pockets," recalls Mrs. ileane in her
kitchen. Dressed in blue jee its, her hair
rolled up, she often takes her , urn at milk-
ing.
April 21;, 1966
She adds: "But how mane people after 20
years can boast a $200,000 investinent?"
Mrs. Beane keeps busy with constant
chores, which currently include caning a
chair and refinishing some century-old
antiques.
The kitchen, study, and living room are
full of farm journals and every conceivable
dairy magazine. Mrs. Beane is taking a 'aria-
log course at a nearby college and helps her
husband with his letters and articles.
After the war, Mr. Beane went to work for
his father-in-law on a wage basis. Later, lei
Went on a 60-40 basis, with Mr. Beane paying
part of the costs and receiving part of the
earnings. Eventually, he bought tlie farm
and ever since has built up oplity..
Situated at the base of 'several smell hills,
the Beane farm is ideal for dairying. Land
around here once grew wheal. But LI ,e earth
was worn and rolling and wheat by the 1860s
was moving West. In the years before 1900,
dairying slowly took hold as Winconsin's
major farm income.
DAIRYING A MIS]: N ESS
"Today," says Mr. Beane, "land taxes aro
high. The soil is not as deep as in Illinois
and other Midwestern States. It is too hilly.
"Because of this it is not profitable to raise
cattle or cash crops. The Mod is ideal for
milk herds. We buy our feed but raise most
silage and roughage."
Making a dairy farm pay today is no sim-
ple matter. No longer is dairying a way of
life. The farmers who don't maize dairying a
business are the ones forced to quit.
Running a paying business means keeping
records of costs, income, and efficiency. To
the dairyman, this means keeping close tabs
on each cow. More specificsJy, how much
butter fat does she produce?
The farmer gets paid for the butter fat in
his milk. Mr. Beane averages ii00 pounds per
cow per year. This is good, though many
farmers get 600 pounds or more.
COMPUTERIZED COWS
To keep accurate records or 120 cows, Mr.
Beane uses a computer. He is a firm sup-
porter of computer farming. As head of the
DHIA, he travels over the country spreading
interest in it.
To date, about 20 percent of the country's
dairy cows are analyzed by computers. This
is how it works for Mr. Beane:
Once a month, a sample of milk from each
cow is tested for butterfat. Tae records are
sent to the Madison ARC offices. Using a
computer, cow production records, Mr.
I3eane's income, feed costs, and so on, are
compared.
The result is a couple of sheets of tabula-
tions. They rate the individua performance
of each cow in the herd. A letter is assigned
to each cow. An "A" cow is I'; ruingwell in
relation to costs. A "D" cow is doing poorly.
Thus very quickly, Mr. Beane can deter-
mine which cows he must replace. There is
no guessing. Before, the cow !fiat was sold
generally was the one which eat dirtient or
kicked the most.
Without such individual records, the
dairyman has only one. Thin is the total
herd's milk production and bidterfal. con-
tent.
Thus DMA records allow Mr. Beane to cull
least profitable cows, feed the rest according
to production needs, and sele,it the most
suitable for breeding.
It is dark outside when event ;g millsing in
over, Mr. Beane turns out the e'ht'; in Ins
milk room, walks through his barn?the cows
bedded down around him?and steps out
into his yard.
Dairying is not the business IL ,r the farmer
who minds lacing tied down. Always the
cows must be milked twice a day.
When Mr. Beane returns to his barn, it will
be 4:30 a.m. tomorrow. The cows will va
be milked and fed again.
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Apprb5gTEVAskftwaNiatt5ft CARM-711300446R000400060004-8 8469
responsibility for controlling prices and the
economic impact especially in the case of
hides, was unjustly placed on the one part
of that industry least capable of absorbing
the enormous loss.
The final solution to the problem of infla-
tion certainly is to have as many consumer
goods available as the public demands. We
recognize that the control of inflation is a
serious responsibility of the administration,
but that it has two prongs. One of them is
obviously the removal of surplus purchasing
capacity. This, can be clone by tax increases
or by slowing up the construction program
in those industries already superheated, or,
it can be done by increasing interest rates,
which is about the harshest method that can
be used.
On the other hand, inflation can be con-
trolled by increasing the amount of con-
sumer goods available. In the case of farm
products, the major method used in our
society to increase productivity, and thereby
lower prices, is to give sufficient price incen-
tives to indicate to the producers that there
is a possibility of a profit for the expanded
production necessary to control the price
Increases. In the case of pork, beef, and
beef products, the price which must be con-
sidered is the average of the cyclical fluctua-
tions. An attack on the high point of the
cyclical fluctuations Can SDI'VD to increase the
pressure of prices, not to reduce them.
The Grange appreciates the opportunity
to cooperate with the administration for the
improvement of the agricultural section of
our economy. We recognize the tremendous
responsibility placed upon it to maintain a
stable economy. We are well aware that in-
flation frequently and usually strikes hard-
est at farmers.
Our concern at the present is twofold.
We believe the responsibility for controlling
inflation should be more widely shared than
it would be if the primary object of con-
trolling consumer prices is to roll back farm
prices.
We also believe that the distinguished
public servant who has served so well as the
Secretary of Agriculture for the past 5 years
has been one of, if not, the greatest, of all
the Secretaries of Agriculture.
We would be extremely agitated if the
action of the administration during this pres-
ent financial difficulty, would continue to be
such that the effectiveness of this great ad-
ministrator and public servant, would be
either temporarily reduced, or permanently
destroyed.
Respectfully yours,
HARRY L. GRAHAM,
Legislative Representati e
FORT WAYNE AIDS VIETNAM
REFUGEES
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, it is with a
strong sense of pride that I call atten-
tion to an unique people-to-people pro-
ject being conducted by the people of
Fort Wayne, Ind., in cooperation with
the International Union of Electrical,
Radio, and Machine Workers. Virtually
all sections of the community are raising
funds for the IUE refugee resettlement
village, to help the innocent victims of
the Vietnamese conflict rebuild their
lives.
During the last week of April, civic and
religious groups, industrial and labor or-
ganizations, high school and college stu-
dent governments, Boy Scouts and other
local Fart Wayne groups will join the
IUE in soliciting funds for the refugee
village. A rally will be held on May 1,
Law Day, sponsored by the IUE with the
Fort Wayne Bar Association. The 15,000
seats of the Allen County Memorial
Coliseum are expected to be filled with
Hoosier men, women, and children inter-
ested in helping Vietnamese refugees
reconstruct their lives.
Under the slogan "Win the peace by
winning the people," the IUE will set up
a town in Vietnam for the use of refugees
from the war. Working closely with the
Agency for International Development,
the IUE has consulted with the Con-
federation of Vietnamese Labor?CVT?
who recommended that the refugee vil-
lage be started. This refugee resettle-
ment village will be a community in
which the displaced persons can begin a
new life, in a neighborhood of homes,
farms, jobs, schools, and health clinics.
For the more than 1 million Viet-
namese refugees these villages are a
desperate need. Such villages, as the
one planned by the IUE, mean five im-
portant things in the world to men, wo-
men, and children who are exiles in their
own country: first, a refuge of peace
from the ravages and horrors of war;
second, shelter and food; third, medical
attention; fourth, the chance of reunit-
ing dispersed and broken families; and,
fifth, the opportunity to earn a living.
Already the movement of 300 selected
families is anticipated to the village site.
These, persons will provide a new source
for agricultural produce for the Cam
Ranh area as well as furnish skilled
workers for the city's industry. Com-
munitywide fund raising endeavors
across the United States, in other towns
as generous as Fort Wayne, will provide
the necessary money for these 300 Viet-
namese families to move in, clear the
land, and put in crops before the rainy
season starts in September.
AUTO SAFETY
Mr. KENNEDY of New York. Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent that
an editorial appearing in the Washing-
ton Evening Star on April 18, 1966, be
printed in the RECORD. I was pleased to
see that the Evening Star has endorsed
the need for Federal regulation in the
auto safety field and commend this
article to the attention of my colleagues.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
NADER AND THE INDUSTRY
It, is not very often in this era of big gov-
ernment, big business and mass-produced
public response that one man, acting alone,
can make the Nation sit up and take notice.
Ralph Nader has done just that.
Nader, a 31-year-old Washington attorney,
has for the past several years staged a one-
man campaign against the world's biggest
business, the automobile industry. What
his charge boils down to is that the auto-
makers are more interested in making money
than in safe design. And he has made a
convincing case.
No one will dispute the industry's right
to make a healthy profit. But Nader's ac-
cusation is that the automakers have pur-
posefully prevented the public from hearing
about potentially fatal flaws in their cars for
fear of losing customers to the competition.
The only answer, Nader believes, is in en-
forced public disclosure of detected defects
and in Federal laws governing car safety
standards.
Since Nader began making his charges?
first in the book "Unsafe At Any Speed" and
currently in testimony before Senate com-
mittees?some startling facts have come to
light. For the first time the general public
has learned that hundreds of thousands of
cars have been quietly called back over the
past 5 years because of unsafe design fea-
tures?flaws that include sticking throttles,
faulty door catches, fenders that cut into
tires and bottoms unable to clear low ob-
structions in the road.
The industry, as might be expected, re-
acted sharply. First there was the episode
of the sub rosa investigation of Nader's per-
sonal life by a small army of private investi-
gators. When that failed to quiet their
critic, there were outraged protests from the
several companies named and cries that the
charges were unfair and unfounded.
The latest to cry foul was Henry Ford II,
who charged that Nader is not qualified to
express an opinion. "If he's that good an
engineer, we have some good jobs here and
I'll be glad to give him one," Ford said, "but
I don't think he knows what he's talking
about."
That doesn't quite answer Nader. It
hardly takes an engineer to know that some-
thing is amiss when the throttle sticks open
at a high speed, or the door flies open, or a
car hangs up in the middle of a railroad
crossing.
The auto companies have asked the Sen-
ate for the chance to draw up and enforce
their safety regulations before Congress im-
poses mandatory Federal standards. But
judging from the remarks of several com-
mittee members, the pervading congressional
sentiment seems to be that Federal regula-
tion is overdue.
That is our view, too.
COLLABORATION BETWEEN DE-
PARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND DE-
FENSE-ORIENTED INDUSTRIES
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, in
these days of sustained military crisis,
the need for fruitful collaboration be-
tween the Department of Defense and
defense-oriented industries is absolutely
essential.
Recently, I had the pleasure of reading
a speech on this subject by my good
friend, Thomas S. Nichols. Mr. Nichols
is a distinguished and respected resident
of Maryland. He is also chairman of the
executive committee of the Olin Mathie-
son Chemical Corp., and as such, he pos-
sesses a firsthand knowledge of the rela-
tionship between defense industry and
the Defense Department.
On the basis of his expertise, Mr.
Nichols has been chosen to sit for two
terms on the Defense Industry Advisory
Council, a body created in 1962 by Secre-
tary McNamara to act as a catalyst be-
tween Government and industry.
Thomas Nichols' very pertinent re-
marks demonstrate how important it is
for defense industry and the Defense
Department to be able to explain them-
selves to one another directly and per-
sistently.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the speech of Thomas S.
Nichols at the National Security Indus-
trial Association advance planning brief-
ing in St. Louis in March be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the speech
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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0 A R ? SENATE
alitiz NEED To KNOW AND THE DUTY To TELL
The,o) are strenuous days. The budget for
the Department of Defense this coming fiscal
year involves expenditures of about $66 bil-
lion- more than one-half of the total Fed-
eral outlay. At the same moment?next fall
to be strictly accurate?W, million young;
Americans will enter college * * twice the
total enrollment in our colleges and univer-
sities just 20 years ago. I have linked these
two figures side by side advisedly. For to-
gether they illustrate once more, and dra-
matically so, the eternal effervesence of the
American spirit, even under the threat of
00111101 is challenge.
To me it is reassuring to know that in
race sat great strains on our fiscal resources
because of Peiping aggression, we are still
movie il boldly ahead on the domestic front
to perform miracles like making next fall's
freshman class larger than the total college
enrollment 20 years ago. Such unshakable
confidence has always been an indomitable
feature of the American tradition. When,
no more than 2 to 5 percent of those between.
18 end 21 in England or the Continent were
cm:Mica in higher education during the first
half of this century, the United States had
10 percent by 1930 even during the depres-
shin. Today it is 30 percent and by 1980 it
will reach 50 percent. But each such ad-
Vance, as we well know, can only be won if
the courageous, adventurous, inventive-
genius, and management of American indus-
try is; not muzzled.
'Civil years ago we spent close to $2 billion
roe expanding the facilities of higher edu-
eation. By 1975 it will take $33 billion.
Meanwhile our defense expenditures must
go on,
;0 fir we have elected to undertake two
major task without skipping a beat: First,
to protect our national security and redeem
tior commitments to people who have been
the victims of aggression; second, to raise
the oia terial and cultural facets of American
life to even higher summits. We have
;elected to do both at once. But since not
ino many listen, we must ask toe question
over and again: "Can the economy generate
such sums to do both'?" I lean to the opti-
mejje view. But sometimes when I become
ocesimeitic, I think of the bullock in India
wilu-Nes chased by a tiger across a clearing to
the edge of a forest. As he lumbered awk-
warely ahead he saw a monkey high up in
a trim and shouted: "Do you think I can
climb this tree?" "Brother," snapped the
Monkey quickly, "It's no longer a matter of
op moo. You've got to climb this tree."
And_ so it is. And so it is in our long
adventure with free government that at this
conjunction of war and, revolution and
doniestiC disorders, the private sector of our
economy is put to the supreme test. More
lien af any other time in the Nation's life-
line we need to perfect the proper meshing
of ties Notion's huge industrial capability
with mu. military machinery of defense. It
ie 1,)w; :rd the refinement of such relation-
ships idea we meet today.
its ['resident Eisenhower perceptively
stated in his farewell address early in 1961.
until World War II the United States had no
armaments industry, and the coming to-
gether of an immense Military Establish-
:timid, oml a large arms industry is new in
the American experience. Today--20 years
away from World War ti--the Congruence of
our iminstrial and military components in a
standing partnership has become an accepted
tact ed national life. A most important
breakthrough in relating indthetry to defense
occurred 4 years ago with the establishment
of Lie iiefense Industry Advisory Council.
This body was created in 1962 by Secre-
tary McNamara and was directed for the
first 2 years by the skillful hands of Secre-
tary McNamara and Mr. Roswell Gilpatric.
Starting in February 1964, Cyrus Vance has
served, as its energetic and imaginative
ciaarirnan.
The function .ief the Council, in a word, is
that of catalyst in the intricate relations be-
tween government and industry. In this
sense, both the Defense Industry Advisory
Council with its working groups composed
of specialists in their fields and the Na-
tional Security industrial Association assist
in presenting industry experience and judg-
ment in the formulation of procurement
policy practices within iebe Defense Depart-
ment. The objectives of the Council are
threefold:
1. To provide the Secretary of Defense and
his principal managemeni assistants with a
forum for the mesentatimi of logistics man-
agement ob3ectives to a representative cross
section of the defense industry;
2. To provide representatives of the de-
fense industry a forum for discussing directly
with Defense Departmeni; executives their
suggestions and criticisms,
3. To provide a focal point for a topside re-
view and discussion of industry study group
findings that ought to be brought to the
direct attention of the Se. retary of Defense.
Essentially the Council aspires to engineer
a continuous dialog between our indus-
trial and defense machinery. The Council
has met a dozen times for 2-day sessions
since its creation, representing among its 22
members from business :lad industry?tex-
tiles, automotive vehicles, shipbuilding, air-
craft, ordnance, space missides, instrumenta-
tion, chemicals, communnations, and com-
puters, to name but a few. All Council
members are; seeleted by he Secretary and
Deputy Secretary of Defense from several
hundred nominees subme tied by a variety
of organizations. Membela speak only for
themselves, not for their companies or an
industry segment. One-t n(rd to one-half
the membership is rotated every 2 years. I
am now in nay second term.
One final word about thss operation of the
Defense Industry Advisorly Council: it is a
sounding board, not a voting body. It
werks tirelessly to identify inconsistencies in
current regulations or to htisk into the policy
of allowance on incl.:mend:int research and
Government cost and a vast catalog of
other problems affecting the defense
industry.
nehind the curtain of confusion that too
often surrounds the relations between the
private and public sectors of our Nation, the
Council is breaking new ground and opening
new windows of communication. There is
no more supreme mission so which Govern-
ment and, industry can esign itself in a
vigorous effort to assure the survival of our
system of government and free enterprise.
For unfortunately today we too often seem
to communicate with each other in a manner
which may produce peeVLAI rejoinders and
coiinter-rejoindera which 8 a not clarify Mis-
understandings or honest disagreement.
1VP need to explain ourseives more directly
end more persistently. Wc need more face-
to- esice encounters for vent i latin.g viewpoints,
and the Defense Industry Advisory Council
provides just such an iiistrument. Even
more, it offers the kind of a vehicle for trans-
mitting the creative limo ;uses of private
enterprise to the topside policymakers of
government. We need to build in more
enclaves in the private FR ittor to perform
the same function. For in a test of wills we
TTI132t live up to our convietion that only in
socieiiies where the economies are free does
real freedom survive. Tolay, of the 115
members in the Uinted Nal ions, 80 are non-
democratic societies. Indeed, the peril
points for American policy nox the compass,
but; we need not despair. The stars will not
fall from the heavens if 'We will keep our
heads, not zigzag our policies by reacting or
overreacting to what others do, and if we
will seek new forms to strenitthen freedom in
April 25, 1966
the economy. We ha,ve just begun to grow;
to acquire our second wind. And let no one
try to flog us into being ashamed of it.
All around us we know the world is more
expulsively stacked?a quarrelsome world
confounded by the surging force of people,
politics, and power. In this setting, the
United States still sways the destiny of people
and nations, but we can cOntinue to do so
only so long as we sustain our growth and
the doctrines of freeclona that have always
animated our course. We dare not fail.
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
SERVICE TRANSFER
Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, on De-
cember 9, 1965, I wrote to President
Johnson concerning his proposed trans-
fer of the Community Relations Service
from the Department of Commerce to
the. Department of Justice. In that let-
ter, I explained why I felt that a police-
man could never become an effective
conciliator. While we look upon the
Commerce Department as neutral in its
approach to human problems as well as
economic problems, we know that the
Justice Department is charged with an-
other responsibility?that of enforce-
ment and prosecution. Although the
Justice Department can no doubt per-
form its prosecution function better with
access to the heretofore confidential files
of the Community Relations Service, the
conciliation function of CRS is bound to
be impaired.
A copy of my letter was sent to the
Justice Department. Although I never
received from it what I considered to be
an adequate reply, the administration's
proposal became Reorganization Plan
No. 1 of 1966. I then submitted a copy
of my letter of Docember 9 to the mem-
bers of the Reorganization Subcommittee
of the Senate Government Operations
Committee. I do not believe that the
points raised in my letter were answered
either by a majority on the committee,
or on the Senate floor during debate on
the transfer, and I was deeply distressed
that the Members of this body chose to
follow meekly the mistaken suggestion of
the administration.
The full consequences Of this reorgani-
zation are treated by Da v id Lawrence in
his article, "Unprecedented Step by Con-
gress," which appeared in the Evening
Star of April 22, 1966.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. Lawrence's article be
printed in the REcoso.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Evening Star, Apr. 22, 19661
UNPRECEDENTED sign Dy CONGRESS
(By David 1,awrence)
Almost unnoticed, the Congress of the
United States has taken a stop which would
not be surprising in a police state, but is cer-
tainly unprecedented in a democracy.
For, by an overwhelming vote dominated
almost entirely by Democrats in both Houses,
a law has been passed this week giving the
police arm of the Government the power to
hold a club over citizens wilo may become
involved in disputes over racial discrimina-
tion?in public accommodations, education,
employment practices, or housing--or any
denial of "equal protection of the laws."
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AppromVaAegifilA2pORWRI5cLAsRIX617A300446R000400060004-8 8467
recent years. More than once he has
written masterpieces of good sense and
good journalistic craftsmanship which
have been of great good to his community
and State.
In receiving this award, Al joins a very
prominent group of newsmen who have
received the award in the past. Among
them are Allen Drury, Allan Barth, Vir-
ginius Dabney, and native North Caro-
linians Cecil Prince, David Brinkley, and
Vermont Royster.
The announcement of this year's
award was carried in papers across the
. country; but I ask unanimous consent
that the article in his own Wilmington
Morning Star of Friday, April 15, 1966,
be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
AL G, DICKSON WINS JOURNALISM AWARD
Al G. Dickson, executive editor of the Star-
News newspapers, won the Sigma Delta Chi
Distinguished Service award for 1965 in the
field of editorial writing.
Notification of the national honor was re-
ceived Thursday from Russell E. Hurst, ex-
ecutive officer of the professional journalistic
society.
The citation read:
"Dickson is cited for his single editorial,
published November 11, 1965, in which he
forcefully expresses the view that the new
Hanover County sheriff is not strong enough
to face the serious threat the Ku Klux Klan
could make to his community. The editorial
shows extensive investigation and careful
consideration in reaching its conclusions.
"Dickson's stand on an issue where emo-
tions were running high exemplifies civic
responsibility, leadership and courage of
wlkich American journalism can be proud."
He is the second North Carolina editor to
win the Sigma Delta Chi editorial award in
the 26-year history of the editorial competi-
tion. The other was the late Cecil Prince, of
the Charlotte News, in 1959. David Brinkley,
NBC news commentator and formely of Wil-
mington, won the SDX award for radio or TV
newswriting in 1960.
Dickson writes approximately 150 to 200
editorials annually. Most of them are on
local subjects. During the last several years
he has won six awards in the editorial com-
petition sponsored by the North Carolina
Press Association. These include two firsts,
two seconds, a third and a fourth place.
He began his career on the Wilmington
News on June 15, 1929, after attending North
Carolina State University at Raleigh and
Wofford College in Spartanburg, S.C.
Through a series of promotions, he served as
managing editor of the Wilmignton Morning
Star, the Wilmington News and editor of both
newspapers. He was appointed executive edi-
tor in 1955. He is a former president of the
North Carolina Association of Afternoon
Dailies and the United Press International
Editors Association of North Carolina. He is
now serving as vice president of the Asso-
ciated Dailies of the North Carolina Press
Association.
His late father, John G. Dickson, was a
veteran North Carolina newspaperman, hav-
ing served in editorial capacities on the
Greensboro Daily News and Record, Charlotte
Observer, the Gastonia Gazette, and Rock
Hill (S.C.) Herald. His mother lives in Char-
lotte.
Among promient American editors who
have won the SDX editorial award are Allen
Drury, Felix R. McKnight, Alan Barth, Vir-
&mins Debney, Robert M. White, H, Robert
Estabrook, James J. Kilpatrick, Vermont
Royster and Hodding Carter III.
Sigma Delta Chi is a professional society
for men engaged in journalism. It is dedi-
cated to the highest ideals of the profession
and is comparable to those professional org-
anizations serving the fields of medicine and
In this role, it constantly endeavors to
raise the standards of competence of its mem-
bers, to recognize outstanding achievement
by journalists, to recruit and hold able
young talent for journalism, to advance the
cause of freedom of information, and to ele-
vate the prestige of journalism to every re-
spect.
Founded as a fraternity at DePauw Uni-
versity, Greencastle, Ind., in 1909, Sigma
Delta Chi changed its designation in 1960
to that of a professional society of journal-
ists. It is a nonprofit, voluntary association,
with a worldwide membership of men en-
gaged in every field of journalism. Its mem-
bership extends horizontally to include men
engaged in the communication of fact and
opinion by all media, and it extends vertically
to include in its purposes and fellowship all
rangs of journalists.
Jurors for the 1965 SDX awards contest
included Dean Wayne A. Danielson, of the
University of North Carolina Scho 1
Journalism.
"We aren't just going to dump the whole
amount in the villages in one big splash,"
said Maj. Gen. Fred C. Weyand, 25th Division
commander.
Instead, the goods will be doled out strictly
on the basis of need, with a full accounting
and control system to make sure none of the
goods find their way into the black market
or the hands of the Vietcong.
Donations by individual communities in
Hawaii won't be going to specific villages
here and at the 3d Brigade's operating site
near Pleiku.
This is how it will work:
A guarded warehouse is going up at Chu
Chi where all the goods (worth about $800,-
000) are being categorized and stored.
Each unit within the 25th Division has
been given a hamlet to build up.
As an item is shown to be needed in the
hamlet (paint, clothes, shoes, etc.), the unit
will draw the goods from the central storage
place and allow Vietnamese authorities to
distribute it to the people.
They don't just hand out clothes whole-
e. It must be on a basis of need.
For example, one of the contributions here
recently was to 10 families of Vietnamese
Army soldiers killed along with 2 Ameri-
can advisers near Phumoc My in a Vietcong
ambush.
Clothes have been distributed in the
Catholic refugee village of Bac Ha here, and
to Montagnards in the 3d Brigade's area in
the central Vietnam highlands.
There was $5,500 in cash donated by people
in Hawaii, and that has gone into a special
fund for village projects.
"For instance, the 3d Brigade builds a
spillway for people to utilize a stream to
wash and, get their water," Colonel Hicks
explained. "We authorize use of funds for
that type of project."
Hawaii's contribution probably will be
spilled out throughout Vietnam for the com-
ing year wherever units of the 25th Division
operate,
An operating table and anesthesia machine
donated by the Wahiawa General Hospital
will be the nucleus of the planned Medical
Center at Chu Chi.
All the rubber sandals collected are find-
ing their way to villagers' feet.
Above all, the division is trying to avoid
the kind of wholesale distribution of gifts
which all too often has only a brief effect
in the village or is mistaken as a case of
Americans showing off their wealth.
The 21 sewing machines the division got
before leaving will be used for that dress-
making class here as soon as an instructor
can be found.
AID TO VIETNAMESE VILLAGERS?
OPERATION HELPING HAND
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, when
Hawaii's famed 25th Division was sent
to Vietnam, the people of Hawaii dipped
deep into their pockets?and their
hearts?for Operation Helping Hand, to
help Vietnamese villagers in the areas
where the division was ordered into
action.
Some 270 tons of goods worth an esti-
mated $800,000 have arrived in Vietnam
and are now being stored and categor-
ized in a warehouse for distribution by
25th Division personnel.
I ask unanimous consent that the lat-
est report on Operation Helping Hand,
written by Bob Jones, of the Honolulu
Advertiser's Saigon bureau, be printed
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CHU CIII GETS HAWAII AID
(By Bob Jones)
CHU CHI, VIETNAM,--HaWall'S Operation
Helping Hand is reaching out to this needy
village 30 miles northwest of Saigon.
Already some 270 tons of goods donated in
the late February campaign have arrived in
Vietnam. Four hundred boxes weighing 450
pounds apiece have reached the 25th Divi-
sion headquarters, and another 800 boxes are
on the docks at this writing.
About 300 boxes are underway by ship.
Far from the riots and anti-American dem-
onstrations of Saigon, Chu Chi is more con-
cerned about building a complete medical
center for the district, finding an instructor
to give dressmaking classes to villagers and
virtually building Chu Chi into a model vil-
lage.
It will all be done, villagers hope, with
what Hawaii citizens and civic groups do-
nated under Operation Helping Hand when
the 25th Division left the islands.
"It's been the greatest exhibit of help to
anyone I've ever witnessed," said Lt. Col.
Robert R. Hicks, the man in charge of seeing
that the goods are distributed where they
will do the most good.
"The folks in Hawaii really took this to
their hearts, right down to the little kid with
17 cents who said, 'This is all I have to
offer.'"
Operation Helping Hand won't be as spec-
tacular as some people may expect.
PRESENT STATE OF AMERICAN
FARM INCOME
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, this
morning I received a long and very well-
written letter from Harry L. Graham,
legislative representative of the National
Grange.. I think it is significant, and
should be brought to the attention of
the Senate. It presents a balanced plc:
ture of the present state of American
agriculture, and shows that farm in-
come has turned the corner.
The, national picture is well illustrated
in Mr. Graham's letter. I would add
that in Minnesota, as well, the progress
has been encouraging. Net farm income
in Minnesota was $433 million in 1960,
and preliminary estimates for 1965 in-
dicate it was up 23 or 24 percent?about
$100 million. Net income per farm is
estimated to have risen 35 percent from
the $2,776 in 1960?an increase of roughly
$1,000 per farm.
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fl1;;S CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
But farm income is not as high as it
should be. Recent reports show it at
roughly 82 or 83 per cent of parity--
without including Government pay-
ments?and I am old fashioned enough
to think that it should be 100 percent.
'rho American consumer does in fact
receive the best food in the world at the
lowest prices?and the American farmer
still receives an income too low for his
input of capital, labor, and productive
know-how.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. Graham's letter be printed
in the RECORD.
Tiiire being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
NATION-AL GRANGE,
Washington, D.C., April 22, 1966.
lion, WALTER IVIONDALE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D .c
SENATOR MONDALE: The Grange has
been deeply disturbed by the recent harsh
criticisms of the Secretary of Agriculture,
Orville L. Freeman, and the public demands
for his resignation. The Grange also regrets
the circumstances compelling the Secretary
to appear in opposition to further increases
in farm prices due to the pressure to control
inflation. We do not believe that th.e difficul-
ties are sufficient to warrant a complete dis-
regard of over 5 years of devoted and dis-
tinguished service to domestic and interna-
timid agriculture.
tit
in. 1961, Secretary Freeman has fought
valiantly for programs to reduce our sur-
pluses, improve domestic farm income, ex-
pand our international trade, reduce farm
program costs, and improve the image of the
American farmer at home and abroad. The
Grange gladly joined in that fight, and
together we have rejoiced at the substantial
victories.
'In' Secretary has led the fight against
those whose vested interests are best served
by low farm prices and huge reserves.
II, should be pointed out that much of the
opposition to the programs of the Secretary
has come from the storage and warehouse
owners and the grain trade. At the time
Mr. Freeman became Secretary, every ware-
;moan in this country was bulging with
grp,in, and we had stored excess surpluses in
mar, y kinds of inadequate auxiliary build-
ings. Vigures indicate that the Department
Oi Agriculture is presently using only 17 per-
cent, of available private storage space for
the storage or CCC stocks. The situation
has changed from surpluses of commodities
0, surpluses of warehouse space. This was
a priinary objective of the program.
1ff had to fight those who consider their
political interests best served by snaking it
impossible for him to be a successful Secre-
tary. Some of the voices today raised in the
chorus against Mr. Freeman are the same
voices we have heard for the past 51/, years.
'they do not want a solution; they want a
sacrifice. Nothing reasonable could be said
in defense of the Secretary which would be
acceptable to these people. Unfortunately,
he aini had to defend himself from those
within agriculture who prefer policy to price
when price is involved, and price to policy
When policy is involved. Those whose blind
inilierence to an oversimplified and out-
dated concept of agricultural marketing led
them to prefer the disastrous cyclical fluctu-
ations of the market to programs which per-
mit an orderly development and maintenance
of a stable and fair market price.
however, there are those concerned farm-
ern and farm leaders who now pounce upon
him in the dilemma imposed upon him by
his responsibility to the total society. They
are trying to prove he is antifarmer and
therefore should retire as Secretary. To all
of them, we would suggest a careful and obs
pective look at the record.
1. Net farm :income has increased from
$11.7 billion in 1960 to $14.1 billion in 1965,
with predictions for a not income of $15.1
billion in 1966. This is an increase of 29
percent. Cash receipts from pork increased
from $2.9 billion in 1960 to $3.7 billion in
1965 with predictions of a4.1 billion in 1966,
an increase of 31 percent Cash receipts for
beef have increased from $7.6 billion in 1960
to $8.85 billion in 1965, ?with predictions of
cash receipts of $10 billion in 1966, an in-
crease of 45 percent. Income from crops
totalled $15.8 billion in 1.960; $19.6 billion
in 1935; with estimates of $20.2 billion in
1966, an increase of 28 percent.
2. The Secretary has foeight for the enact-
ment of legislation enabling the agricultural
situation to move from one of surplus to
one of balance. Stocks if both feed grains
and wheat are down about a billion bushels
each; stocks of dairy products have disap-
peared; and the preserL strength of our
markets for agrtcultural products indicates
the degree of success welch has been at-
tained.
3. These increases in rarm income have
been attained at very ingclest costs to the
consumer. The price of wheat for flour for
bread for the millers has remained practically
unchanged for the past 5 years. Any in-
creases in the price of bread have been due
to costs lather than the increase in the price
or wheat.
In general, there has teen no substantial
increase in the price of perk and beef, except
atir those choice items ir high demand. It
is smyptomatic of our r resent affluent so-
ciety that the loudest cries about the cost
of meat have been the cut of choice steaks
and bacon. The increased spendable con-
sumer income has been ofsponsible for the
demand of those high-pried meats, and has
enabled speculators to push the price of
ba.COn far beyond any reasonable relation-
ship to the price of the rest of the hog.
Fortunately the present liacon price has as-
sured more reasonable levels.
The price of lettuce an .1 some other vege-
tables and fruits have been directly in-
fluenced by the shortages. created by either
'adverse weather conditions, or by the intensi-
fied labor situation caused by the termina-
tion of the braeero program. The farmer
can hardly he he-id reepon
Wffn the exceiption of about the last 4
months, the steady trend in the price of
food has been downward for many years, and
the percentage of income spent for food, de-
spite the many built-in services not pre-
viously a part of the market basket, has
declined. American consumers still are able
to buy the widest variety of high quality
foods for the smallest part of their earnings
in all recorded history American con-
sumers literally live better today than kings
and emperors did a hundred years ago.
4. Secretary Freeman leis been a valiant
defender of agriculture in our national econ-
omy. Most of the improved posture of
American agriculture, both in the United
States and throughout -Oaf world, has been
the result of his efforie. The American
farmer is now pictured as; a progressive
scientist and businessman making substan-
tial, if not critical contributions, to the
strength of our domesth economy, to the
balance of payments to w?orld relief, and to
the security of the free world. On an inter-
national level, he is no ,:anger regarded as
a protected producer behind a high wall of
Government subsidies trying to displace all
the rest of agricultural mi., rivets of the world.
Today he is thought of as a fair and honor-
able competitor in world cash markets and
the major, if not the onlia supplier for the
concessional markets and relief needs of the
world.
5. U.S. commercial agricultural exports
Awil 25, 1966
have increased substantially front the 1960
level of $3.3 billion to last year's level of $4.7
billion. During 1961-65, a continuation of
U.S. commercial agricultural exports at the
1960 level would have meant lower U.S. ex-
ports by $3.4 billion with a consequent fur-
ther deterioration in the U.S. balance of
payments. Of this $3.4 billion, 1965 alone
accounts for $1.4 billion.
The 1966 outlook is for a further increase
of U.S. commercial agricultural exports.
6. During Secretary Freeman's tenure,
American farm programs, have for the first
time recognized the difference between the
economic problems facing commercial farm-
ers and the more comnlicated social prob-
lems facing the marginal or low-income
farmers. Programs have been devised to
meet the specific problem-is of the latter
group as well as those or the commercial
farmers. We believe that these programs
will get the same efficient administration as
the others under his jurisdiction, and, if
properly funded, will snake a great contri-
bution to the rural welfare
7. In our judgment, the image of the
USDA has improved vastly under Secretary
Freeman's administration. During the last
3 months, we have twice heard Mr. Shuman,
president of the American Farm Bureau Fed-
eration, admit that the Secretary had not
made any particular grab for power in areas
where the Farm Bureau bad previously ex-
pressed major concern. Repeatedly, when
this question of the Secret ary's relationship
to the total agriculture arises, the critics say
they do not fear Secretary Freeman but
rather they fear a different kind of Secre-
tary in the future.
Despite the added responsibilities of social
programs given to the Department of Agri-
culture, the Department's budget has held
relatively steady, and more important, the
money which has been appropriated for farm
programs has increasingly gone to the
farmers.
a The change in the, whole posture of
American agriculture during the past 5 years
has been almost unhelievabin. From a situa-
tion in which many of us were pessimistic
about the future of agriculture, we now have
created a situation in whicli we can look into
this future with consider:1We optimism based
upon valid factors and cot siderations. The
enactment of the Agricultural Act of 1965
gave a permanence and stability to working
programs which have ruffle a tremendous
contribution to this optimistic future.
We are concerned, however, with the un-
justified correlation of farm prices with the
cause of 'the increase of the cost of living.
The price increases during the first quarter
of this year should have been viewed as a
seasonal adjustment upward as off-season
fruits and vegetables increased in price.
Most of our consumers have forgotten that
it is only during the last few years that both
fresh fruit and vegetables were obtainable in
the United States during the winter months.
It also appears to the Gra age that the price
depressing techniques used in relation to
pork, especially in terms el buying for the
armed services, were premature in the light
of the predicted increases of marketing and
the usual seasonal adjustments downward
during the second quarter of the year. The
Bureau of Labor Statistics release of April 21
indicated the seasonable adjustment down-
ward began with a decline of wholesale farm
prices for last week of 1.7 percentage points
from the previous week.
The 'usefulness of selective controls at the
farm level to prevent price increases has
always been questionable. The experience
of the Government in trying to control bread
by the use of a consumer subsidy and trying
to control the price of shoes by export quotas
on hides indicates the futility of this ap-
proach. Despite the fact that all segments
of any industry contribute to its price the
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A2200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX April 25, 1966
Thompson, Clement, and other speakers at
the dedication praised the part played by
Emerson in the planning and development
of the Douglas project in Tennessee. Clem-
ent said initial contact between the State
and the aircraft company was made on a
State industry-seeking tour to California, led
by Emerson. Douglas is he yquartered in
that State.
Other Douglas officials at the ceremony
Included G. R. Arterberry, Long Beach,
Calif., manager of eastern manufacturing
operations; and W. M. Humphreys, Sparta,
production coordinator for the four plants.
[From the Nashville Banner, Apr. 18, 1966]
SMITHVILLE To GET NEW DOUGLAS PLANT
Siurrnvim,n.?Douglas Aircraft Co. officials,
who dedicated a new plan Friday at Sparta,
are planning another new facility here,
Representative JOE L. EVINS told the Banner.
Evngs, who participated in the Friday
ceremonies, said he had been discussing the
possibilities of a Smithville plant with Doug-
las officials a long, long time and added that
he has now received assurance that such a
plant will be built.
The Sparta plant dedicated last week is
the first of four Douglas is building in the
midstate area to begin operation. The oth-
ers, in addition to the Smithville plant, are
at Carthage, Monterey, and Gainesboro.
Regarding the Smithville plant announce-
ment, Evims said he had conferred with
Wellword E. Beall, Long Beach, Calif., execu-
tive vice president for operations of Douglas.
"I am most pleased and elighted with
Douglas' decision," the Representative said.
CAPITOL COMMENTS
(By Joe L. Evins)
The announcement of the decision by offi-
cials of the Douglas Aircraft industry of Cal-
ifornia to locate a fifth plant in our area?
the great Fourth Congressional District
of Tennessee?underscores an encouraging
trend of economic development in Appala-
chia and in other sections of rural and small-
town America. ,
Col. Wellwood E. Beall, executive vice presi-
dent of operations at Douglas, announced
recently that Douglas would locate its fifth
plant in Tennessee at Srnithville. The an-
nouncement was made at Sparta at a ban-
quet following dedication of a Douglas plant
there. Others are being built and currently
are in operation at Monterey, Carthage, and
Gainesboro.
Douglas is locating these manufacturing
plants in our area in line with the Presi-
dent's recommendation for a broader based
economic development which he?and Doug-
las officials?consider essential if this country
is to make appreciable progress in solution of
both rural and urban problems.
As Colonel Bean said during the Sparta
dedication, "What is needed is a reversal
of the national trend toward urbanization.
What is needed is an effort that will halt the
drain of workers and youth from the Nation's
small communities to urban areas, an effort
that instead will take opportunity to these
small communities and provide them with
the economic ability upon which they can
thrive."
Colonel Beall also said this decentraliza-
tion of industry will "enhance the corner-
stone of our democracy, the American small
town." This is most gratifying and most
encouraging. This is a theme that your
Representative has emphasized over a period
of years.
In May of 1965, for example, during hear-
ings of the Public Works Appropriations Sub-
committee, I made this statement:
"There should be a national effort to en-
courage a buildup of small towns to capture
tip best of the old?the community spirit
and pride?and the best of the new. And
by the new I mean modern industry and
modern convenience and well-rounded econ-
omies."
In a letter to President Johnson last July
this approach was reiterated as I urged ad-
vocacy of programs for development of
smalltown and rural America.
Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman
is preaching this gospel from coast to coast,
Both Douglas Aircraft, which has located five
plants in our district, and Lockheed?which
is locating a plant in Shelbyville?subscribe
to this theory of industrial decentralization.
The growing acceptance of this concept
points to a new era of growth for small
towns and to new progress in all America.
Joseph C. Harsch Sees Light Ahead in
Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. VANCE HARTKE
OF INDIANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, April 25, 1966
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, the dis-
tinguished journalist, Joseph C. Harsch,
is one of the consistently perceptive
analysts of public affairs whose voice
continues to be one of reason and un-
derstanding.
In his "State of the Nations" column
appearing in the Christian Science Moni-
tor for April 13, he made some signifi-
cant observations leading to the conclu-
sion that in Vietnam it may now be pos-
sible to see in the future developments
which could lead to ultimate solution.
That possible solution, stemming from
talks among the various elements among
the Vietnamese as power now "is flowing
visibly toward the Buddhists," may be
in "a formula pointed toward a true
neutralization of Vietnam."
Mr. Harsch's analysis includes the
enumeration of five elements in the situ-
ation which have now become altered to
such an extent that what was impossible
In the past may now be possible?name-
ly, a formula "pointed toward the true
neutralization of Vietnam." This in turn
would make it possible for the United
States to "phase out," as Mr. Harsch
puts it, "almost imperceptibly from its
present position of prominence."
I ask unanimous consent that the arti-
cle be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD, and I urge all of my colleagues that
it may be read with close attention.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FIRST LIGHT AHEAD
(By Joseph C. Harsch)
WASIIINGTON.?For the first time since the
? Vietnam war was "escalated" into a matter
? of major concern to all countries of the world
It now becomes possible to see ahead the
general outlines of a conceivable compro-
mise settlement.
The clue is to be found in statements from
Senator RUSSELL, of Georgia, that if public
opinion in Vietnam wanted the United
States to leave, then the United States would
leave.
A Senator as well informed and prominent
in Washington as Senator RUSSELL, and one
who has been firmly on the "hawk" side of
the Vietnam issue, Would hardly have ac-
cepted the possibility of an American with-
drawal unless he realized that events might
be flowing in that direction.
COMPROMISE SETTLEMENT
If they are flowing in that direction, it is
because there is a change in several circum-
stances affecting the attitude of various par-
ties toward a compromise settlement. The
various elements can be listed roughly as fol-
lows:
1. The Vietcong have suffered severely in
recent fighting. They have not accepted a
major battle since last November. War
weariness is touching them as well as the
general civilian population in Vietnam.
2. Communist China no longer wields de-
cisive influence in Hanoi. Russian influence,
built on better military aid than came from
China, has gone up. The evidence is in the
fact Le Duan, head of the formerly pro-
Chinese faction of the Vietnam Communist
Party, led the Vietnam delegation to the re-
cent party congress in Moscow. He said
notably: "Under the leadership of the glo-
rious party of Lenin, the Soviet people * * *
are making a huge contribution to the libera-
tion of the working class, of all working peo-
ple and oppressed nations."
3. American Armed Forces have greatly im-
proved their military position. It is a clear
and established fact that they cannot be
thrown out of Vietnam by Communist force.
POLITICAL WEAKNESS
4. But the local political base under Ameri-
can -military action in Vietnam has grown
progressively weaker.
5. Political power in Vietnam is flowing
visibly toward the Buddhists. Washington is
still trying to avoid giving them what they
want and demand. But it is perfectly ob-
vious that it is now unrealistic to think they
can long be kept away from power. And they
have already offered to talk with any native
political elements who want to talk with
them.
Now, the Buddhists do not want to be
taken over by Communists any more than
do the Catholics, or the soldiers. But they
do want to see an end to fighting, if possible.
There is nothing to prevent the Buddhists
from working out a theoretical compromise
with other native elements. Those other ele-
ments might now, for the first time, be will-
ing to consider a true compromise.
The time is past when there would be any
point in a conference involving the United
States. It was always difficult to see how the
United States could itself participate in
negotiations.
TRUE NEUTRALIZATION
What could happen, therefore, is that talks
among Buddhists, Catholics, Vietcong, and
North Vietnamese elements?in fact already,
going on?could conceivably arrive at a for-
mula pointed toward a true neutralization of
Vietnam.
It could happen because North Vietnam
and Vietcong now realize they cannot win a
decisive military victory; because Russia
would rather see Vietnam neutralized than
in Chinese hands; because the United States
need not leave until or unless it is satisfied
that true neutralization is involved in the
formula; and because the United States need
not be a party to any negotiations.
Hence it is plausible to think that events
will slide gradually now toward increasing
Buddhist initiative making it possible for the
United States to "phase out" almost inper-
ceptibly from its present position of promi-
nence.
There is nothing sudden down such a road;
? not even a moment when the United States
would leave Vietnam. There might even
be an American beachhead for quite a time
as a guarantee of neutralism. It would be the
slow road of "deesealation."
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April 25, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- APPENDIX A2199
Douglas Aircraft Expands Its Plant
Complex in Appalachia
lilXTENSION OF REMARKS
OP
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 25, 1966
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, as a part of President Johnson's pro-
gram of economic development in Ap-
palachia, Douglas Aircraft Corp. is lo-
cating a complex of satellite plants in
Appalachia in the Fourth District of
Tennessee which f am honored to repre-
sent in the Congress.
The latest announcement by Douglas
officials was of the location of an as-
sembly plant in Smithville, Tenn. The
announcement was made at the dedica-
tion of a plant in Sparta, Tenn., recently,
and other Douglas plants are being built
in Monterey, Gainesboro, and Carthage.
The Honorable Wellwood E. Beall, ex-
ecutive vice president of operations at
Douglas, emphasized during the dedica-
tion ceremonies that Douglas as a matter
of policy will do its part in broadening
the base of economic development in
Arrierica?a trend which will help in
solving both rural and urban problems.
To help achieve this broader develop-
ment, Douglas is locating a number of
smaller plants in smalltown America to,
as Mr. Beall said, "protect and enhance
the cornerstone of our democracy, the
American small town."
insert Press clippings of the dedica-
tion of the Douglas plant at Sparta and
of ihe announcement of the new plant at
Smithville in the RECOR , together with
a copy of my recent newsletter.
The articles and newsletter follows:
wrom the Nashville Banner. Apr. 16, 19661
I WINS SA VS SMITHVILLE To CrET PLANT
ily Lee Callaway)
SPARTA .----nongla S Aircraft; Co. officials Fri-
day assured Representative Joe, L. Evens that
a TWIN plant would be built at Smithville.
Elders, in Sparta for the opening of a 36,000-
equare-foot airplane parts plant here, told
the Banner, "I have received assurances from
representatives of Douglas that a plant will
be built here," adding that he had been dis-
missing, its possibilities "for a long, long
time" with them.
He said be had talked at length with Well-
wood E. Beall, Long Beach, Calif., executive
vice president of operations for Douglas,
,'bout the proposed plant in Smithville,
e MST OF Form,
"I mu most. pleased and delighted with
Douglas' decision to locate another Tennessee
plant at Smithy ille," EVINS said. The Sparta
plant is the first of four Douglas is building
in the upper Cumberland section in middle
e.ennessee other than the Smithville plant.
The others are at Carthage, Monterey, and
Gainesboro.
A total of about 400 workers at the 4 plants
will make small parts for 2 Douglas planes?
wing leading edges and tail cones for the 4-
engine DC-8 commercial jetliner, and vertical
stabilizers and fuselage panels for the Navy-
Marine Corps A--4E strike airplane and the
Navy TA-4E jet trainer.
Future work at the Tennessee plants?
each of which has about 36,000 square feet of
space?will Include subassemblies for the
new Douglas DC-9 twinjet shor - to medium-
range jetliner.
Operations in the four-plant complex have
been underway last fall in temporary facili-
ties under the direction of Ray W. Rice,
Sparta manager of Douglas re,stern manu-
facturing locations.
Beall and Gov. Frank 0. Clement cut the
ribbon at the dedication. Other participants
in Friday's ceremonies included Representa-
tives Evens; State industrial de eelopment di-
rector, Ralph W. Emerson; Sparta Mayor
Harold Sims; and H. L. Thompson, director
of facilities for Douglas Aircraft Division.
TOUR PLANT
Residents of Sparta and neige boring com-
munities toured the new plant at an open
house following the ribbon cutting.
At a dinner at the Sparta Country Club
Friday night, Beall showed a Douglas film
entitled "A Plan for Appalachia." which tells
how the four new plants came alto being.
"The story began a couple ol years ago,"
Bean said, "when the President of the United
States asked several of the Nal ion's indus-
trial leaders, including Donald W. Douglas,
Jr. (president of the firm), to contribute
ideas toward the solution of a no tonal prob-
lem that has become known as Appalachia.
As we all know, the actual prolaem has no
simple geographical boundaries.
"Our initial thought at Douglas was per-
haps typical, We would just go to Appa-
lachia, build a big plant, hire 500 or so peo-
ple, and that would take care 4 our con-
tribution."
SECOND TH OUGHTS
"Fortunately, we had second thoughts.
Closer examination and analysis, with lots of
help, convinced us that such a move would
compound the problem rather than help re-
solve it.
"What iv-as needed was a revtesal of the
national trend toward urbanizalaon. What
was needed was an effort that would halt the
drain of workers and youth from the Na-
tion's small communities to urban areas, an
effort that instead would take opportunity
to these small communities and provide them
with the economic ability upon which they
would thrive instead of die, grow instead of
wither away.
"Douglas, with your help and encourage-
ment, has launched a program that shows
the way to meet?and defeat--this problem.
We believe it provides an example for the
growth of American industry, a geirwth that
can meet the needs of a dynamic industry
and at the same time protect and enhance
the cornerstone of our democracy, the Ameri-
can small town."
REVOLUTIONARY
Clement described the plan ae "revolu-
tionary," and predicted that other businesses
would: follow Douglas' lead. Lamas called the
opening of the plant a "great ol easion, a
great leap forward for our section."
Thompson, Clement, and other speakers at
the dedication praised the part played by
Emerson in the planning and development
of the Douglas project in Tennessee. Clem-
ent said initial contact between the State
and the aircraft company was merle on a
State industry-seeking tour to California, led
by Emerson. Douglas is headquartered in
that State.
Other Douglas officials at the ceremony in-
cluded G. R. Arterberry, Long Beach, Calif.,
manager of eastern manufacturing opera-
tions; and W. M. Humphreys, Sparta, pro-
duction coordinator for the four plants.
(From the Nashville Banner, Apr, 16, 19661
SPARTA AIRPLANE PARTS PLANT DED 1CATED?
DOUGLAS CONSTRUCTING THREE MORE IN
REGION
(By Lee Callaway)
SPARTA .?Douglas Aircraft Co. officeilly be-
came a partner in Tennessee's economy Fri-
day with the opening of a 36,001)-square-foot
airplane parts plant here.
At the same time, the company took a step
forward in implementing its plan to help
revitalize the depressed region of Appalachia.
The plant here is the first of l'our Douglas
is building in the upper Cumberland section
of middle Tennessee. Others are at Carthage,
Monterey and Gainesboro.
A total of about 400 workers at the 4
plants will make small parts for 2 Douglas
planes?wing leading edges and tail cones for
the 4-engine DC-3 commercial jetliner,
and vertical stabilizers and fuselage panels
for the Navy-Marine Corps A-4E strike air-
plane and the Navy TA-4E jet trainer.
Future work at the Tennessee plants?
each of which has about 36,000 square feet
of space?will include subassemblies for the
new Douglas DC--9 twinjet short-to-medium-
range jetliner.
Operations in the four-plant complex have
been underway last fall in temporary facili-
ties under the direction of Ray W. Rice,
Sparta manager of Douglas eastern manu-
facturing locations.
Wellwood E. Beall, Long Beach, Calif.,
executive vice president?operations for
Douglas, and Gov. Frank G. Clement, cut the
ribbon at the dedication. Other participants
in Friday's ceremonies included Fourth Dis-
trict Congressman JOE L. EVINS, State In-
dustrial Development Director Ralph W.
Emerson, Sparta Mayor Harold Sims and H.
L. Thompson, director of facilities for Doug-
las Aircraft Division,
TOUR PLANT
Residents of Sparta and neighbering eorn-
munities toured the new plant at an open
house following the ribbon cutting.
At a dinner at the Sparta Country Club
Friday night, Bean showed a Douglas film
entitled "A Plan for Appalachia," which tells
how the four new plants came into being,
"The story began a couple of years ago,"
Beall said, "When the President of the United
States asked several of the Nation's indus-
trial leaders, including Donald W. Douglas
Jr. (president of the firm), to contribute
ideas toward the solution of a national prob-
lem that has become known as Appalachia.
As we all know, the actual problem has no
simple geographical boundaries.
"Our initial thought at Douglas was per-
haps typical. We would just go to Appa-
lachia, build a big plant, hire 500 or so
people, and that would take care of our
contribution.
SECOND THOUGHTS
"Fortunately, we had second i houghls,
Closer examination and analysis, with lots of
help, convinced us that such a move would
compound the problem rather than help
resolve it.
"What was needed was a reversal of the
national trend toward urbanization. What
was needed was an effort that would halt
the drain of workers and youth from the
Nation's small communities to urban areas,
an effort that instead would take oppor-
tunity to these small communities and pro-
vide them with the economic ability upon
which they would thrive instead of die, grow
instead of wither away.
"Douglas, with your help and encourage-
ment, has launched a program that shows
the way to meet?and defeat?this problem.
We believe it provides an example for the
growth of American industry, a grow tit that
can meet the needs of a dynamic industry
and at the same time protect and enhance
the cornerstone of our democracy, the Amer-
ican small town."
REVOLUTIONARY
Clement described the plan as "'evolu-
tionary," and predicted that other businesses
would follow Douglas' lead. Eyins called
the opening of the plant a "great occasion,
a great leap forward for our section."
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ApprmAarEigglimskip wremtb raApippie1ggp446R000400060004-9A2207
able, growers were assured of adequate labor.
But now there is no certainty that enough
hands will be available to harvest the crop,
particularly with the aversion of the domes-
tic workers to do what is known as "stoop
labor."
The Labor Secretary continually has
harped on the theme that California had ade-
quate help last year despite the loss of
the braceros. But an Associated Farmers of
California bulletin points out that during
the first 10 months of 1965 U.S. Government
figures showed that 52,748 "wetbacks" were
caught by the border patrol. Add approxi-
mately 35,000 "green card" Mexican workers
plus the braceros Wirtz permitted to come
in and it's obvious that it was not a new
found domestic force of workers who har-
vested the California crops.
The statements by Brown and Wirtz were
made before all the facts and figures of
the 1965 season were in. The crop and
livestock reporting service's yearend report
showed a reduction of 42,000 acres of land
devoted to melons and vegetables. This re-
port also showed a drop of $55 million in
the value of all crops.
Taxpayers will be hard hit because addi-
tional funds will be needed to provide school-
ing for chilldren of migrants who will flood
school districts already unable to keep pace
with local growth needs. Migrants will be
taking advantage of the educational facili-
ties offered in the districts without present-
ing anything in return. They will pay no
property taxes, which means they will con-
tribute nothing from this district level to
the schools. Almost amusing were the first
hurt bleats that came out of Sacramento
because agriculture was going to dump with-
out notice all those migrant children on the
school districts.
If those who complained didn't get the
word they must be the only people in the
world who didn't. For many years, agri-
cultural leaders had predicted this would
happen if the braceros were removed. We
know for a fact that Congress, the President,
Governor Brown, and the Secretaries of
Labor and Agriculture were warned time and
time again by agriculture.
Monterey County knows from experience,
the welfare load already has been heavy and
will get heavier. The type of domestic
worker available will have to bring his family
to the harvest area and is likely to remain
after there is no work to do, thus becoming
dependent on the welfare operations of the
county. This is in contrast to the bracero
who was imported at harvest time, worked,
collected his pay and returned to his home-
land during the off season.
Finally, there is the problem of a shift
of production from California to Mexico be-
cause of high labor costs. Senator GEORGE
MURPHY pointed out at a recent hearing
that in 1964 a total of $4,765,000 worth of
strawberries, cantaloupes, and oranges came
Into the United States from Mexico. This
compares with $232,000 worth in 1956.
With all these facts available the Federal
Government has taken no action to correct
the situation created by Wirtz.
And even Governor Brown has been re-
luctant. Finally, however, when policies
(geared to the Delano march on Sacramento)
dictated, he came out in support of mea-
sures proposed to provide financial aid to
districts hit by the influx of migrant chil-
dren. However, the funds are not yet avail-
able and will come from a bond issue not
yet approved by State voters.
But what can growers expect from Wash-
ington and Sacremento administrations
"zeroed in" on a course of punitive treatment
of California agriculture, the State's greatest
industry?
Believing the Pentagon
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DURWARD G. HALL
tilL7FORGET THE FERTILIZER
The air assault on Vietnamese targets is
averaging 50,000 tons a month, and U.S.
bomb production will equal that figure by
June. Of course, production is lagging be-
hind that figure now, but no need to worry;
we have 331,000 tons throughout the world.
The Secretary didn't say how many of those
tons were available for Vietnam, except to
note that 102,000 tons were now based in the
United States. He was also compelled
to admit that Washington has had to buy
back 5,500 older 750-pound bombs sold as
surplus to a West German fertilizer company
for their nitrate content.
No shortage?
Mr. FORD replied that he was puzzled,
especially in light of a previous admission
that there were some shortages in 500- and
750-pounders; the 750-pounders are con-
sidered the best size for Vietnam missions.
Add to this the assertion of Cyrus Vance,
deputy Defense Secretary, that the unloading
of military supplies in Vietnam is now nor-
mal, and you have a mixed-up picture indeed.
If there is an ammunition shortage, Mr.
McNamara and the country would be better
off if he would admit it, explain it, and, if
possible, outline the steps he will take to
alleviate the shortage. A little honesty may
show, after all, that the situation is not "al
most a national scandal," as Mr. FORD con-
tends. But Mr. McNamaxa's hair-trigger
petulance and statistic-laden evasions make
us wonder.
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 25, 1966
Mr. HALL, Mr. Speaker, herewith
from the National Observer of April 18,
1966, under editorial "Observations," an
item of interest to all. For some time
now the Committee on Armed Services
has realized the shortcomings of the
Secretary of Defense, if not his mal-
feasance in office. This editorial indi-
cates the national thinking concerning
same, including deceit, evasion, if not
outright distortion of the truth, in the
interest of self-perpetuation. There is
ample documentary evidence to support
Prior allegations, in many different areas
as well as these "observations." It's time
he was "turned to pasture," and as he
erred in following a subordinate's advice
' who was directly connected with "flying
Edsels," so he should return to making
nonsalable?and now allegedly nonsafe---
Edsels of the roads. When our men are
dying at the rate of over 3,000 since the
escalation in January of 1965, with a
total of 19,000 battle casualties, it is no
time for petulance or evasion. The edi-
torial follows:
OBSERVATIONS
Indignation has become Secretary McNa-
mara's weapon against critics?indignation
laced with bewildering statistics. In the
bomb-shortage hassle last week, the weapon
failed, leaving the country justifiably con-
fused.
BELIEVING THE PENTAGON
The episode was the latest in a series that
has left almost every word from the Pen-
tagon suspect. Most recently there was that
angry denial by Mr. McNamara that, contrary
to some reports, U.S. military manpower was
not being spread too thin by the Vietnam
war. The Defense Secretary reached into his
drawer of secrets and released an array of
previously classified figures to "prove" it.
That was before the Pentagon confessed that
it was "temporarily" thinning out the ranks
of U.S. forces in Europe and that the four
stateside combat divisions weren't combat-
ready after all.
Last week started with Pentagon officials
toying with the fiction that the political
turmoil in South Vietnam had not substan-
tially hampered the anti-Red war. Reports
from Vietnam didn't square with this.
So the Pentagon decided to come clean.
Arthur Sylvester, an assistant Defense Secre-
tary conceded that there was a "temporary
problem in distribution of bombs" within
South Vietnam; Vietnamese workers were re-
fusing to unload American ships at the big
U.S. base at Da Nang.
This inspired GERALD FORD, House Re-
publican leader, to decry the bomb shortage
as a piece of "shocking mismanagement" by
Mr. McNamara. The Ford charge was the
Secretary's clue to become indignant and
reach for the drawer of secrets again.
"It just isn't true" said Mr. McNamara.
Then came the figures?bewildering at first,
but not so dazzling.
A Farmer's Daughter Looks to the Future
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ODIN LANGEN
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 25, 1966
Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, I have
just finished reading a letter from one of
my constituents, a 15-year-old farm girl
by the name of Diane Sellnow, of rural
Verndale, Minn. Diane is typical of the
thoughtful young people who are growing
up on this Nation's farms, faced with the
decision of whether to remain on the
land or seek their future elsewhere.
It would be well for all of us to look at
the future of American agriculture
through the eyes of this young lady.
She puts the plight of the farmer in
terse, down-to-earth language, and poses
a number of questions that we in the
Congress must answer in a satisfactory
manner if the Diane Sellnows of this
Nation are to be encouraged to make the
effort to continue farming. And en-
couraged they must be if this Nation and
the world are to be guaranteed a contin-
uing abundance of food.
I submit Diane's letter at this point in
the RECORD.
Representative ODIN LANGEN,
Longworth Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR M. LANGEN: Please, let me introduce
myself. My name is Diane Sellnow. I am 15
years old, have four brothers and two sisters,
and live 4 miles south of Verndale, Minn., in
Todd County. I am writing you because of
a bit of news I heard today on the radio.
The news item stated that the Government
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,1
N R ECORD ? APPENDIX
was sping to supply the Air Force and Army
with margarine instead of butter,
fan behalf of all the small farmers around
here. 1 have only one thing to say, "Help."
We said many, many other small farmers in
America have a hard enough time trying to
make a go of it without the Government
sticking their big feet in and squishing'
every thing we've fought to build.
must admit, our family is not at coin-
',tete ruin at present. but things are a far
cry Isom what we wish they could even begin
10 bes Three of my brothers (ages 10, 12, 141
:rad ine get up at 5:30 every morning and
help our folks do the chores. We milk 44
ke care of approximately 90 head of
youni7 stock, and 5 horses.
An in ill everyone pats in a full day's work
amend here. And for what? So we can sell
our milk to a creamery, who in turn proc-
esses it end puts it on the market for people
L,boy They make butter, too. But nowa-
days iiniy a small percentage of the American
iseople tiny butter. The Government buys
most sit it. For various reasons, people would
rather buy margarine, coffee creamers, evapo-
rated instead of whole milk, and now even
tricky whip?to take the place of whipped
cream ( the real thing). Through all this
tee ihrm.er has remained relatively quiet?
eimeidering. But now, not even the Govern-
ment wants our products. Now tell me. why
:simnel the farmer rack his brains out to sup-
ply the world with food it doesn't want?
Why don't they pat condense everything
into tiny tablets and put us completely out
or iiesmess?
In ,v oer hist newsletter you said this about
America's youth: "These are the natural re-
sources toat will keep our Nation strong and
solve many of the world problems." One of
these problems is hunger. Yes, the United
sits
tea has is surplus of food now, but the way
we're throwing it around. what about 50
years irons now?
My point, is this: Why Should T, my
brothers, or any other young girls and boys
want to spend their lives farming? What
do we get besides a lot of hard work, little
hoe time, hundreds or bills, and darn low
prices for our products? Why not live in
Iown and if nothing else have more free
time?
Tits people of America, certainly aren't do-
ing mach to encourage farming for the fu-
ture. We farmers get barely enough money
or our goods to exist. But we don't want
to lust exist, we want to live. There is a
difference. The number of U.S. farmers is
decreeeing steadily and unless our Govern-
ment takes drastic measures to help us, the
number will continue to decrease. American
politic-any, executives, laborers, doctors, and
suburbanites need the farmer and it's about
InD riley realize it. Nobody wants to live on
Its.
Very sincerely and respectfully yours,
DIANE SELL NOW.
Federal Aid to Impacted School Districts
'ENS CON OF REMARKS
ii
ION. E. Y. BERRY
OE SOUTH DAKOTA
IN TIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 25, 1966
Mr, BERRY. Mr. Speaker, the matter
of Federal assistance to federally im-
pacted school districts is still pending
before Congress. Fortunately, the funds
for the current school year have been
wisely reinstated to their previous level,
hut there is still the threat that the funds
under Public Laws 874 and 815 will not
be sustained at the current level, in light
of pending legislation which would alter
the program..
In my congressional district, the
Douglas Independent School District is
one of the finest examples of educational
quality and progress which has been
achieved largely .through an excellent
use of Federal aid to districts where most
of the children's parent:. live and work
on Federal property. Without the aid,
the Douglas School District would col-
lapse financially.
The superintendent cf the Douglas
;:':11col system, lilr. Robert R. Spelts, has
spent countless hours planning to the
coming fiscal years as well as document-
ing the actual effect in dollars and cents
that the proposed change would have On
the Douglas school systeei.
Under unanimous consent I insert
Superintendent Spelt's_ fact sheet on the
proposed changes in the RECORD at this
Point:
TIM PROPOSED DTPI TN PUREE LANE 874 FUNDS
FOR 1966-67 AS Sr RET.ATES TO THE DOUGLAS
TITDEPENDEN 17 Sonnet, DISTRICT No. 3
Th.reau of the Budget proposed cuts of
mlburt Law 874, le56-67 for
The United S0ates 8163, 600, 000
South Dakota 1, 136, 805
Douglas District_ I 223, 963
Includes section. 3(c) (1) only.
2. Estimated maximum 11)06-67 local tax
receipts for the Douglas district, $57,358.64.'
3 Proposed cut exceeds by four times the
ability of the Douglas distrist to support an
educational program.
1. Estimated 1966-67 average daily at-
lei Ida nee for the Douglas &JP:RA. District:
Paresis liiIeS and W Orli
proy.-
eci
Pare.: Is 1 iv inn on or wart.
ins sr lei:Ant-al pr. pOrTy.
N on-Federal
Non; N....lend
'reed ADA_
Total federally al-
Public I 9,w
871
sectieu
...
31, _
Non-Fet I,
oral.
Tuition
Pupils Per-
in cent
ADA
2,823 82.0
326 9.6
225 6.6
31 .1
3.401 190. 0
3, 149 92. 5
5. Douglas School District receipts by re-
source for 1904-65 (latest year complete
information is available) :
! ,q
4 :min(
titale
1, ann.
ga 576. 53
7, 11)2.84
8 I, 297, 29
I, I i I, 1)7.1,110
, A13. 08
Percent
2. 98
.16
7. 09
88. 08
1. 29
I, 290, 2,53,74
100. e0
6. Douglas School District estimated (gen-
eral tunii) expenditures by ii, 'twee for 1966-
07, $1,950,000.
Tile facts clearly show the disastrous
cffert, of changing Public Laws 874 and
815. For the entire State. of South Da-
kota, the change would decrease Federal
payments to impacted areas by more
than $1 million.
It is imperative that the full appro-
Based on a 40-mill levy on a $1,433,966
1967 assessed valuation.
.4pril 25, 1966
priation be made for fiscal year 1967, and
that no changes be made in this program
for future years. I hope my colleagues
will take a minute to examine these
statistics which document clearly the
effect of this proposed change.
Mayor Daley Proclaims Loyalty Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BARRATT O'HARA
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 25. 1966
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
one of my favorite columnists is Joe
Martin, who contributes a feature titled
"Vets Press" to the 11 fine community
newspapers of the Southwest Messenger
Press chain in Chicago. Mr. Martin is
the tried-and-true friend of the veterans
of all the wars of our country and he is
patriotic to the core. By unanimous con-
sent I am extending my remarks to in-
clude his column in the Mount Green-
wood, Ill., Express of April 21, 19(36, and
other associated newspancrs:
VETS PRESS
(By Joe Martini
Saturday April 30 has been proclaimed
Loyalty Day by Chicago's mayor, Richard j.
Daley. This will mark ths 16th annual
Americanism display of the major war vet-
erans organizations. The theme of the pro-
gram will be "Operation Show Your Colors."
A gigantic parade will course down State
Street in Chicago's loop from Wacker Drive
to Van Buren Street beginning at 12 o'clock,
noon.
This will be a significant day for all Amer-
icans in Chicagoland to rededicate their
loyalty to the United States of Arne:rim. This
day will also afford a special opportunity to
show the Communists, leftwingers, beatniks,
and anti-Vietniks that freedom-loving Amer-
icans are in the majority.
On this day, our national emblem, the
American flag should fly on :story available
staff. Every man, woman, and child specta-
tor along the parade route should wave a flag,
an American flag. Every store, building and
home should display Old Glory.
In this era when subvershess are actively
engaged in down grading the United States
using signs, banners, derogatory statements
and anti-American demonstrations, loyal
Americans should stand up 10 be counted.
Loyalty Day is the opportune time to reaffirm
our patriotism and restore our country's
prestige.
All organizations in Chicago and surround-
ing suburbs are invited to pariicipate in this
Loyalty Day parade. Let's make this the
largest and greatest demonstration ever wit-
nessed.
In addition to veterans organizations, the
military, high school ROTC, church frater-
nal, and captive nations groups, there will
be a large contingent of sesvicemen who
have recently returned from Vietnam, many
of them wounded and showing battle scars
resulting from their efforts in the light for
freedom.
Their morale has been depsessed due to
news stories about draft card burning, dese-
cration of our flag and, other unpatriotic
demonstrations. Citizens can rebuild their
confidence with a big show of national colors
and personal appearance by getting Into the
mainstream of America and becoming a part
of it,
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