IMPACT STRATEGIC FORCE BALANCE CHANGES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01554R003200180021-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 28, 2005
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: January 2, 1979
• Content Type: PAPER

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LOS ANGELES TIMES
Article appeared 4 December 1978
on page-/l
Amherst Faculty Urges.7.`:
Disciosure:f CIA Links
;'-::A'rIIiERSTidass: (a1-The faculty
Hof Amherst, Collegit.. called. on the
=school administration:-and professors
tadisclose any connections with the-.1
r'.CIA and other government agencies.. ?;
#' Tlie faculty, urged the w mini_
`'tioa Saturday to.."accept and adminis
fer only grants or: contracts the spon-
sarship of which is openly disclose-d--:7-
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TULSA WORLD
30 November 1978
SOME members of the -Wash-
ington intelligence community-. +mistakes are I unavoidable
say the Soviet KGB may be using. :under the act and sometimes se,.
the Freedom of Information Act ..cret stuff gets cleared."
to obtain valuable material from- A partial solution, not satisfac-
the Central Intelligence dory to the CIA, has been pro-
Agency. ..posed: It would limit requests
,The FOI Act was passed:-in.:._under the FOI Act to citizens or
1967 and liberalized in 1975:-to?`'resident aliens. ; ?.
make it much easier? for- just-`:, This might put KGB agents to
about anyone to obtain. informa `
a little. extra -trouble, but would
t i o n fro m~.1 Government --. not take away their hunting liagencies. ,cane. They could still browse
The Act his; made a maior..con Hugh interesting CIA files, but
tribution to the. ideals of ,openi' would have to find resident.
Government and-, the people's= aliens. or citizens to make the of-
right to know.-.:But the. fact that it: ficial'requests.-
may also be making a generous..'.
cantribution.ta the Soviet espio-. It.-wouldn't be too difficult
Wage agency suggests a need for- -since other recently-passed laws
some sensible. changes. - .. ? severely restrict U.S. security
sur-
National-defense and foreign. agencies-of such suspected things as spies.
:
policy secrets are excluded.from veillance. of
::-
the open records requirement-of.' Our best hope for preventing or-
the FOI law. But one intelligence discouraging" Soviet intelligence.
source complained-recently that-,.activities-As: the; possibility that
the expanding?j,olume of 're- KGB'=operatives will the laugh--
quests for information: from CIA = ing?at?our`self-defeating intelli
files has reachedythe-point that .gence:andsecurity policies.
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2
8. I would like some brief words and statistics about the North Korean
economy.
a. Is there some risk the economy can be in such bad shape that
they would have to go to war or stop bearing this size of military
burden at some point in the future?
b. What evidence do we have that the growth is going on right
now?
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AL%j
2-8 December 1978
Spanish books in Spain from Hordago Publikapenak,
Plaza de Guipuzcoa 11, San Sebastian;
S~~/W~t'kS 350 pesetas). The ETA men's careless..
1 ? ness-commented on by the correspon-
dent of The Economist after the opera-
For 20 years Luis Gonzalez-Mara was a tion-was such that, according to Mr
writes, "scandalised me";but it ought Gonzalez, they attracted the attention of
member of one of General Franco's not to have done. Polish coal had helped a CIA officer in the nearby American
secret services. He. was . given assign. Franco break a miners' strike in Asturi- embassy. Unlike most Spanish stories
menu in Latin America, North Africa as; Russia supplied Franco with enriched about the CIA, Mr Gonzalez's account
and western Europe, and claims to have uranium when the United States with, shows the agency in what the left may
collaborated closely with the CIA and, held it; Mr Gonzalez himself had used call a favourable light. Having consulted
briefly, the KGB. He resigned. in 1972; right-wing funds and left-wing militants Washington, the CIA's Madrid station
lived for two or three years. as a free- in schemes intended to discredit Spanish not only did not denounce or interfere
lance secret agent (it is a profession in -..Republican refugees or provoke political with the plotters, it helped them dis-
which there is little unemployment), changes in central America. Mr Gonza- creetly (Mr Gonzalez says), thus contri-
then settled in France to write about his 'lei tells some good stories and one does. buting to the collapse of the authori tar-
experiences. His first book, Cisae,. ini_ -not need to believe every sentence in his ian state machine controlled by Carrero
tinily published , in Paris;. by Bernard highly readable book to get a fair idea of Blanco and favouring the emergence of
Grasset, was an instant best-seller when _.: the workings of the misleadingly named democracy in Spain. -'l
it appeared in Spain (Argos, Aragon- "Military intelligence service" (SUM I should Spanish democrats spray
390, Barcelona; 395 pesetas) where few-, and the mentality of the men who ran it "Viva la CIA" on the walls-of drid?
writers have as yet dared to take the lid , in Francos lifetime. _ Mr Gonzalez is not really sure. Madrid?
off the dictator's- special services- The Mr Gonzglez's secondbook` Terror reviewer can enlighten, him on one
title, ."Swan",: was the author's code Ismo internacional (Argos;?445 pesetas), point. Mr. Gonzalez believes that the
name during an- operation, in. North .- is a collection of articles: on well-known secret report of the directorate-general
Africa, terrorist groups and a few more discreet of security on Carrero Blanco's assassi-
Mr Gonzalez does not present himself .organisations that engages in political ' nation which is quoted in "Operacibn
as a hero. He began living on his wits at mischief-making. It is a. less successful Ogro" is a phoney. He is wrong; it is.
the age of 10 when his father, a Republi--?: book than ?"Cisne" because it is based quite genuine. And it was communicat-
can, was imprisoned and his mother only partly on the author's personal ed to ETA not by friendly Portuguese
died. After a- few years- of misery he-. 'experience and investigation:' much ap. "revolutionaries" (as ETA pretends, for-
resolved 'to- sell my services to.-the pears to have been compiled from press an obvious reason) but by a rather
strongest" and joined the Falange. Re- reports and police gossip.: t bourgeois German.
suited by military- intelligence, he was -Mr Gonzalez shares the..: opinion of The Catalan "espiologist" Domingo
required, as a test, to betray an officer many journalists and diplomats in Spain Pastor Petit has written a 200,000-word
who had befriended him: he passed the that Francoist officers of the Spanish account of espionage and fifth-column
test. He became. a friend of General security services have at times manipu- - activity in Spain during the 1936-39 civil
Ufkir in Morocco, reorganised the secu- lated far-left groups such as FRAP, war: Los Dossiers secretos de la Guerra
rity service of the Dominican Republic GRAPO and ETA, and he points to Civil (Argos; 735 pesetas). He has con-
for General Trujillo, and helped Presi- clues and contradictions in statements by suited military, administrative, legal and
dent Ben Bella keep an eye on corrupt the police and the terrorist organisa- ecclesiastical archives, and interviewed
Algerian officials ("I am surrounded by tions; but, having worked mainly in scores of people, and the result is a
thieves," Ben Bella used to say).::. Franco's external service, he is unable to chronologically ordered -array of facts,.
Mr Gonzalez s friendship ? with Ben produce conclusive evidence.- He has a incidents and reports from both sides of.
Bella led to his being tortured by Colo- few interesting things to:say about col- the hill. Some important archives are,
nel Boumedienne's faction; : and after laboration between right-wing_groups in however, still inaccessible, . and the
Ben Bella's disappearance from public Spain and Italy, about-links between author says that he has, been* to
life Mr Gonzalez saw him in the great, , fascist groups and the Palestinian activ- verify all his material. .
prison at Bouzarea.'*Ir was in his Bou-:_~' ists, and about Colonel Qaddafl's gener- General Franco and his friends' took
zarda cell, where he was held incomuni - osity to both fascists and. extreme left- over the Spanish army's. small intelli-
cado without trial for 16 months; that be: ists. He devotes several' pages. to the gence service and received technical and
began asking himself questions about . "red fascists"-he far-out; leftists like financial aid and advice from Italy's
politics. He had no-illusions about his -.the Baader-Meinhof gang and GRAPO Ovra and the German Abwehr and Ge-
own Francoist bosses. 'But Algeria-was . who admit that their aim is.to?provoke. stapo. The corresponding Republican
considered democratic and progressive-. an upsurge of militarism or fascism that service was amateurish: its first agents
by many European left-wingers. Yet it will discredit "bourgeois:. reformism received only a few days' training and-
was *mom of a military-police state than and, by the rules of nuthouse dialectics, rarely survived more than four months
Spain, and its prisons were harsher, and lead to a popular uprising.' in insurgent territory. Republican intelli-
its military interrogators more sadistic, The chapter of "Terrorismo interna- gence received a little British help, ac _
than any he had encountered elsewhere: . ' clonal". that has attracted most attention cording to Mr Pastor Petit- but the only
- He had more food for thought when is the one devoted to the assassination of foreign secret service willing to give it
he became the - go-between through - = Admiral Carrero Blanco, General Fran- substantial assistance was the Soviet
whom the Spanish secret service and the - cats first prime minister; im December, NKVD. 'With an ally like that, the
KGB exchanged material Madrid sup- 1973, by the Basque separatist group Republicans didn't need an enemy. By
plied the KGB with information on ETA. Mr Gonzalez agrees that a Basque August, 1937, their police and secret
American bases in. Spain. Moscow gave unit prepared and set off the explosion services were so thoroughly infiltrated
Franco files- on 350? Communists, all '.that killed Carrero Blanco,.but chal- by communists, and so unreliable, that
living in Spain, who had joined "Marx- lenges the detailed, yet undoubtedly the Socialist defence minister set up an
ist-Leninist" splinter-groups. - shaky, technical data given by ETA in entirely new intelligence organisation.
"This =Ilaboration between Fran- the book Operadiin Ogro (originally At one time s director was a 22-year-
coism and communism," Mr Gonzalez published in Hendaye, but now available old baker.
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 THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
Article ap i- ed For Releas%2 ?411 r L9 A22DP80B01554R003200180021-9
on page 17,
SELFC-TION OF
.BEST BOOKS OF
978:
The following list has been selected from titlesrre-I
viewed since the Christmas Issue of December 1977.-1
Such a list can only suggest the high points in the main
fields of reader interest. Books are arranged alpha-.
betically under subject headings. Quoted comments-
are from the Book Review.
THE ARMIES-.- OF- IGNO-
RANGE' The Rise of the Amerl-
can.-. Intelligence Empire. By.
William Corson.. (Dial Press..
$12.95.)._The-writing is- flabby,
but?this is.a:substantive loyal
ist's view of the issues involved
in the intelligence debate.
DECENT INTERVAL: An lip-1
sider's Accountof SSaigon's Int
decent End: Told by the C.LA.'s'.
Chief' of StrateggtAnalyst In'
Vietnam. By j_l?rank- Snepp.'
(Randoar' House: 414.95.) The.
controversial ? - memoir that
"provides ample.. evidence that
A he United, States was deeply
and pervasively involved in purr
suing the war well after the last
combat -troops..: weie with
drawn.'?"=iw
HIDDEN TERROR&_ByA.J.
Langguth:: (Pantheon; $10.) A
careful examination of the
death of Daniel Mitro-ne in Ura-
guay,. p4. UM-rn- `oIv 1 ent
Latin " -American,:, especially
Brazilian politics in the 1960's.
HONORABLE MEN. My Life
in the C.I.A. By William Colby.
(Simon and. Schuster _ $12.95.)
-The-.. former-' director ` of-: ,th
-C.I.A.'s dry memoir is- more in
' teresting- for: wha it does- nK
say about the debate over c o m.
terintelllgence ""`
IN SEARCH OF ENEMIES. A
C.I.A. Story. ByJohn:Stockwell.
(Norton...$12.95.);'!rimari1y a
vivid, ; abundantlyi; documented
and well-0bserved: accotmt
the small war- the -1erJL. fueled
~SILENT MISSIONS. By Ver-
non A. Walfers..: (Doubleday::
$12.95.) General vo-
luminous and. utterly. candid,
memoirs of a career- that in-l
cluded a spell as deputy director
of the C.I.A. contain a number.
of character studies of men..'
power.
in Angola throughout 1975 and
into
LEGENIX The secret world
Ed-
of Lee Harvey Oswald. By
ward Jay Epstein. (Reader's
. Digest/McGraw-H1U.:$12.95.)
complex. argument about- Y
Nosenko, K.G.B.: officer; his
fection to the U.S. his personal
role in the intelligence struggl
between:: they ?C;I.A _-and othe{i
:hia the C.I.A4
A reiationshi
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cemb6:2W#6
oir page C-7 1
The Willi,
Inquiry into the Sta
oT InczavzauaL Free4
A nado ial convocation to corms er the conditions which affect the quaLty - '
} liberty isr the U n i t e d States and the relationship between,cith= and their'.
govetnment? ; a y t =-s i , .i ..r #.r +a , 4 :' ~{ ~s,?
/.aw~ ?4F, - uy ^ .. z r..?aa ->;.K N ~rl.-,`L' .Xf'~SCU Per:
.Decem
er
b 7'8'1978_
Shoreham Americana Hotr~, w Shi~ngtofl D C.
Connnled byThe r for00 Study ofDensocrc at:c trot ors :
in honor of tbedutinguubed j , 7liam 0
urist iii ougl r.~rr
JL--4.1RgY+
ar,~ - ~A .j
Gener~[Sacaar 7, 9:30 a. 41'
"Freedom=For whom? :F ==
For What?"w.:_
'Participants indudeAbeForns, Ramsey Qadc,
Barbara jordaa, Cublxa Douglas, and others
"Freedom and the Federal
FridaF sairrJ : m1 .,-
,. December S .G ~..r..
Ger+errsl SemiorR 1Y93o pmi-124 "Freedom; and the
New P vperty> `~
Participants indude Eugene McCarthy. -
bburriice AAbtavenal, Robert
and Einsheimer.. ? _ ,
others'
L, cpW, Seczsi Y.1230 p.a
"Freedom and.the
Threatened B~rvir'nmen~t"- _ . `z
Puna Fu+mdtok4 presiding._.-
'Adlmm -b, Kenneth L Boalding
Geser-r1 Smra,,1$ 3.13 * 313 p na ` . Cor! Sams Y!; 2bo p as,~,yo -:
"'Freedom and the;; y ' ? " R.
Paruapauts'include Starisfield Tu~ner Pmicipants:inciudeRobert It Boric, Ployd"`
William-.E, Colby} Morton Halperin;.Tbomas Abrams, Abe .For s,,"Anthony Lcw s,:SandetL
Emerson, Richard A.Hongisto,? andorhcrs Vanocur, and others: ~-
G+roemrl seurcRC ~7 3O per .adcet, oc:yon may attenil aR five geiiiaai sessions st the ada+ood
3
'
.
~Q oO. Lartbros remoe: 410.00 per ticket
.
Tot further in mation,
call; 202/393 5579.
?
WiIIiam Q Douglas InquitT Con~ocition? 1625 IC Sc; N.W.O Washin
Mr- 2OMS
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 Approved For Re
BYRoury Williams
staffwriter .: -
'Iranian.stndei t" portested noisilySefore~iktafiim
a speech-madebyg former.CIA DirectorWiiliamColbyv,
Thursday at Utah State University; then dominated V
one-hourquestion-and-answerforunr_ vt.r
Colbyspokeinjthe:Fine Arts. Center_:as. part of the
Priori to his: lecture; 'about:-60 aIranian. students:;
marched outside the:,Fine- Arts: Center;, shouted in
unison, and carried signs that read."CIA-Go Home;"-
"Carter's Human Rights . Hypocrisy" ..and: "Downy
Colby's speecli,,before=a"crowdeds_auditorium was
calculated to increase: the- credibility of the CIA -by-'
showing that it is nalonger as secretive as in former
times and-. that i -ha a+_charter requiring.. that., its:
At theeondusiaof his address, several Iianiaa..
students l"lstood::oi -ciair and led other Iranians in
shouting;rhythntjd$ ogans like ".Yankee,Ga Home"
and U S: Advisers andd--CTA out of Iran . _,'4P
As the-lranians4 loudly voiced:: tbeirprotest .and.
clapped; theirhands ?in.unison, a non-Iranian student
shouted "Sit downand.shut up"' Which was followed
Immediately: after=: the lecture;:: an. unflustered..
- -The bespectacled former CIA director," dressed in: s.
theoverthrow of'bfosssadegh, former leader of Iran
CIA helped Shah
He. -said the-CIA- did: assist in the 1953, overt]irow o
Mossadegh and did help the Shah i egain.power.: '
Colby defended UnitetStates support: of, the Shahi
and said .the.-current: Lender's :rule? is - better for
America'; the. world and'Iram than. alternatives-such
as the gavernments.ofPakistan:and Iraq
"The.. governments; of Pakistan::and:',Iraq' cannot
'match- Iran's-progress -in&: developm?ent,', Colby
said,
When th fe dito sid I' l re
eormrrecr'aransiteracyat and life. expectancy-had, increased under the Shah's
modernization-- program,.and that:;the Shah- had
brought-a middle class.economy-to Iran, the-Iranian
students::.booed.= and.: cried outwith.::;a-.. maze.. of
_ questions;,
They were further, incensed whewColby said he
supported and has great respect fOriome. Moslem,
ShoutsoE"He is lying.'' and-"lie's?a traitor"'..were
interrupted by a university official who threatened t
University' officials,-students and Colby urged the
protestors to stop, lecturingthe?erowd. and to instead
ask questions and allow 'others the sanie,opportunity
Colby said-the-Shah soonositI664ak Cauling'from'a
socialism,.and-from a rjghtis=- p that; vanted.to,
keep. religious. tradition 9` l i5rb Mgr
veils - _ --- -.4-%
In response, a young Iranian woman askedl
emotionally, "Who can believe the people of Iran are
risking torture and. death just...?to fight moder-
.nization?" ? ; -
The demonstrating Iranians claim the Shah, with
military arms supplied.. by the. United States, is.
tyrannically, killing hundreds of innocent citizens in -I
Iran
Colby said the CIA., created SAVAK,' the Iranian.
police force,. and taught it proper methods` of in-
telligence: "But the CIA never condoned any
violations of human rights by SAVAK. I: don't know.
what SAVAK is doing now." .
The United. States supported the" Shah, instead of
Mossedegh.- because, "We didn't ..want : a hostile
government in Iran," he said. It was a` matter of
whether Mossedegh would keep Iran developing and
friendly or whether he would bring. Soviet power back
into the Persian Gulf.
Colby maintained that the internal conflict in Iran
is a political, not a religious. question..
"We're entitled'to support a. political movement in
a country,.. nesaia.
A.Venezuelan student asked why the CIA supports
governments. against' the will of the people, being
_ .. r,
-governed.
Colby responded,,. "The CIA. doesn't make such
decisions. It is. a matter of foreign policy, determined
"The CIA helped keep= Italy democratic, Colby,
said. ."That's a better alternative than communism.
He said it was difficult to determine the will of the
people in. Iran without elections which are now im-
possible because of riot conditions.-
The statemenEbrought jeers and scorn-"from'the_
At.the conclusion :of the forum"Iranians''roared
their ._.slogans while-.many,, _non-Iranians; gathered:
In other comments; : Colbysaid the :cloak-and=
dagger image of the spy of 30 years ago is no longer.:
true
;-
_
~ f
: ? i: Now, he said the CIA hasTscholarsin'areas'such as:
agriculture, economicsr social science .and foreign
organization does still depend on brave foreigners
and brave Americans- to get. foreign- government
secrets. that are essential to the' -security-of . this
during a time of unprecedented public. investigation
He said the CIA,-no longer operates- without the
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28 NOVEMBER 1078
cIA and Iran:
Intelligence Test
TO THE secretary of state,
the assistant for national secur-
ity'and the director of central
intelligence, the President of
the United _ States has passed
the word: The quality of politi-
col, intelligence we get from
abroad is unsatisfactory.
The President, in his
handwritten memorandum,
released late last week to the
media, was speaking generally.
But most of all he was "dissatis-
fied," to use his own word, with
recent reports on Iran. He had
been told everything was fine
in Iran; the shah, an invaluable
U.S. ally, was in no danger.
Then the riots and strikes
erupted. The Peacock Throne
began to totter.
? Why didn't someone tell
me? Such was Carter's acrid
complaint.
Why indeed didn't someone
tell him? There may well be
more than one reason, but the
paramount reason is that in the
past few years, the eyes of our
intelligence agents have been
4 41med, their earn stopped tip,
their tongues made fuzzy.
.Intelligence? Who needs
intelligence? Who needs spies,
with their penchant for secre-
cy, their disregard for the con-
stitutional niceties?
: The questions may sound
absurd enough; and yet, in one
form or another, they have
flitted through the minds of
countless Americans over the
past few years. The Great CIA
Flap of 1975-7b. .initiated by the
media, pursued by the politi-
cians, served to persuade many
that the CIA (like the FBI) was
as much threat to American
Liberties as guardian thereof.
We were told of clandestine
operations, of mail openings, of
manipulation of journalists
and businessmen - enter-
prises that, ripped from
context, made the CIA sound
like some sinister capitalistic
counterpart of the Soviet.KGB.
Amid these thunderings, the
morale of the CIA plummeted
like a failed parachute. The
men out in the field had
scarcely to be convinced the
American people had lost confi-
dence in them. They had only
to read the papers.
What kind of work can be
expected of a demoralized
intelligence agency? Just about
the kind that has stirred the
President to anger and will
surely provoke him again
unless something is done to-
persuade the CIA that we, the
people, still believe in its
mission.
That is no easy achievement
to arrange. The President's
own CIA director, Adm.
Turner, is likely as responsible
as anyone for the agency's
c',ndition, having heavy-hand-
edly tried. to clean house when
he took over. Would anything
be wrong with letting a profes-
sional spy, for a welcome
change, command our other
spies?
It is no frivolous point. After
all, whom did the White House
turn to for accurate reports on
Iran after the CIA had flunked
the intelligence test? To none
other than the much-abused
Richard Helms, a former CIA
chief who was ambassador to
Iran until recently. Spies, one
readily learns, have their uses,
however much they are out of
favor when TV cameras roll
and congressmen clear their
throats to speak.
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 i LAI!.EIT THE ON
+.y . A EA ffjv~dtFQr Rose 20W064 / de
CIA
Not intelligent
enough
"I am not satisfied with the quality of
political intelligence", wrote President
Carter last month in a terse note to the
three men responsible for it: Messrs
Vance, Brzezinski and, most tellingly of
all, Admiral Stansfield Turner, director
of the Central Intelligence Agency. The
president's anger is understandable. This
summer the agency had blithely reported
on the possibility of unrest in Iran:
Iran is not in a revolutionary or even pre
revolutionary situation. Those who are in
opposition do not have the capability to be
more than troublesome.
That the CIA, like any pundit, should be
wrong at predicting the future is neither
new nor inexcusable. What is new is that
the president's disquiet became public.
Mr Carter's pique was, in a lesser way,
like President Kennedy's criticism of the
CIA for leading him into the Bay of Pigs.
invasion; what is inexcusable, in the opin- ..
ion of many in the administration, includ-.
ing Mr Brzezinski', is that the agency
should subsequently, have been so
complacent.
At the heart of the criticism is Admiral
Turner. He has increasingly been the
subject of attacks, often based on in-
spired leaks, from conservatives and li
berals alike.. Many. of the CIA's. old..
guard, including Mr Richard Helms, once;.
its director and the erstwhile ambassador
in Iran, believe that the agency has failed
to withstand the onslaught of bad public-
ity over the past few years. They accuse
Admiral Turner of giving into the criti-
cism by dismantling much of the agency's
operational structures_ sacking its most
experienced agents, and handing over its
traditional work to the military intelli-
gence services. On him they. pin the full
burden of the undoubtedly low morale at
.the agency's Langley headquarters. For
the liberals, Admiral Turner has failed to
impress a new morality on the agency; he
is criticised for surrounding himself with
men from the armed forces and for refus-
ing to give 'up his rank as an admiral
although he is now in a civilian .job. For
-good measure both sides snipe at Admi-
.ral Turner for, enjoying a special protec-
tion as an old Annapolis classmate of. Mr
Carter's: thus the president's critical note
is an added blow.. '
These attacks, for the most part self-
serving to a particular interest, have
drawn debate away from the main point,
the quality of the CIA's intelligence. The
agency is often criticised for badly inter-
9? B01554F3200180021-9
preting the mass of information that it or
the National Security Agency (the collec.
for of electronic intelligence at' Fort
Meade, in Maryland) often brilliantly !
gets; indeed any interpretation of events
is usually swamped in a mass of irrelevant
material. A second, more serious, failure
is that in many countries, particularly in
dictatorships friendly to the' west, the
agency listens only to those in power. It
feels almost disloyal making contacts with
the illegal opposition; Thus in Iran there
is strong evidence ' that the - CIA was
relying almost entirely on Savak, the
Iranian secret police, adopting its infor-
mation and prejudices wholesale, without
knowing what weight to attach to opposi-
tion views. Having helped put the Shah
into power 25 years ago in its most
justifiably famous political and undercov-
er operation, the CIA had extra grounds
for not courting those who want to put
him out.
Much the same problem occurred in
Nicaragua. As violence broke out against
President Somoza, the CIA found that it
had no lines at all through to the revolu.
tionary leaders, many of whom would, in
fact, have welcomed an American con-
tact. Thus the administration found itself
caught out by events and only able to
interpret them through the eyes of those
whose power was being threatened. Last-
; ly, the CIA is criticised for tailoring its
intelligence reports' to what it thinks the
White House would, like to hear.. .
After the senate committee under Mr
Frank Church revealed the dirty tricks in
the CIA's past, Vice-president Walter
Mondale suggested that the agency
should aim instead at providing political
intelligence. Now President Carter has
added his own voice. The room for im-
provement is evident. What is in doubt is
whether the morale still exists within the
agency to provide it..
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p-.~ 30 NOVEMBER 1978
CULT KILLINGS YIELD
CRITICISMS ABROAD
Many Commenting in World.Press
Say Deaths in' Guyana Reflect
American Social. Failures
-
By-ROY REED
'Speeiu MWNewYorkTlnirs:t
EXCERPT:
Journalism Role Questioned
,'` M `Egyptian :columnist, ' Mustapha.
`iZ-min,'evriting_in Al Akhbar, . wondered
why Mr. Jones .had not been stopped
much earlier. by. the police or the Cent
Intelligence Agency. And, he demanded;
ere was A merican journalism?"
One Nairobi ,newspaper called the
events in Guyana a "sad commentary on-. American societybut?most press reams
lion there was muted: So was the cover-
age. At one paper, a debate erupted be-
tween African and white sub-editors, with
the whites arguing for greater play of the
story and.the:Africans saying it had no
great significance.
Comment in China was limited. In an
article describing the suicides, 'the
Hsinhua. press agency offered only the
followingbrief comment: "This brutal in-
cident has shocked the scientifically and
materially highly:-developed American
.society. -It outstandingly. reflects the
spiritual oppression;.emptiness and frus
tratioq:of -people under ?a capitalist sys
k- Ikbanese-:newsman :-looked=at.f the
grisly-pictures from the People's Temple,
at Jone_town'and said;-"We've. been-com
mitting'mass-suicide-forthe past:`four.
years..Sawhat:a - Ra _
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q- P,TICLE FPPZARkL? We NEW YORK TIMES
--. r _ 30 NOVEMBER 1978
_Rullag Stems FromSalt ';
? .nal or fugitive inv gadoas ,,
too close to the memoryof this court.".
The judge ruled, that the Federal Bu-
;reau.of Investigation and other.Govern.
ment agencies could not have postal: in-.
spectors record the names and addresses
of persons writing to organizations.or in-
dividuaLs considered to be subversive. or
national-security risks.
The judge- said that his =ruling rain no
`way. affects mail covers .based on crimi-
NEWARK, Nov: 29 _7A_ Federal judge
ruled today -that -it was unconstitutional
for investigative agencies to have citi-
zens' mail-scrutinized in the name of"na-
:.tionalsecurity.".,.:'..
"National : Security is too ? ambiguous
and broad a- term;" Judge Lawrence A.
Whipple-wrote in an 18-page decision in
.Federal _= District Court 'here:.::."The
memory of the lawlessness that masque-
raded as `national security' searches is
He said that the department had insti- -- ~''
united urns rnomfutioe.i
toted strict guidelines for use of mail
Lori Paton in 1973 when she.was-a,:
qu them Bthrou dthe other department agencies- _ - ; :high school student--:-,, !t .s
"We don't carry out so-called national-
. security investigations any more." Mr.
the outside of envelopes-were currently
..being used only in domestic. security
cases, mainly involving terrorist groups.
rector of public information for the de-
to study the ruling before its impact could
be assessed.
A spokesman- for the Depaitth tof
preliminary or limited investigations. '--
Only, in Sul. domestic-security, investi.
gations.can-the mail cover be=used and
then only when it has been approved by
the Attorney General -or,his, designee,".
Mr. Havel added:
The Post office officials said that be=-
tween October 1977 and March 1978 it had
47 national-security mail covers out of a.
total of 1,813 covers.:'. ? - ,. .:. 4' 1%
In his ruling,?Judge Whipple said that:
"while it is commendable that the F.B.I.
has altered and considerably tightened
their guidelines for mail covers, that in-
vestigative technique 1s' -still open to.*
many other agencies who.- may not have.
restricted their mail-cover requests. As a
result,. a--narrow - constructionn of the .
regulation is an inadequate remedy."--- ?
Today's action by Judge ? Whipple
comes on. the heels of another setback to
similar::: Government- investigations.
Earlier this month,. a Federal Appeals
Court:ia:New-York -affirmed a decision
requiring the. government to pay $1,000
each to. three.persons whose. mail had
been opened. by the Central Intelligence
Agency..: ? , ,_ ..
That ruling could lead to the payment
-of many millions of dollars in damages,
according to .lawyers for the America
Civil Liberties Union, which wasalso par-
ticipated in the Newark case..:
_ Frank Asking a law professor at Rut
Rem University School of Law, and
general counsel for the A.C.L.U., said
that this was the first time that a Federal
judge had ruled that- the less' int usive
mail covers- violate the First, Ammend
meat. He - said that' unless ' the Federal:
Government appealed the case the deci
Sion would affect mail covers nationwide_
a
_ u~CommeatWltbheld._ _ ?:- - ,
group or person. It allows officials to' i_,
'tionaly protected . political :views :.of a
cover- is._unconsti tutionally ,vague and
qualification.:or-,explanatio ';of what is
meant by national security;:an investiga.
tion can be initiated. on the assertions of
.an overzealous, public. official who disa-
grees with the unorthodox, yet constitu-
The ruling-came in-a suit against=the
F:B.I.: -brought ' by Lori Paton,-now. 21
years old. and. living. in :'Ariingtori,. Va.,
who mistakenly sent _ a letter to the social-
ist Workers Party as part of a' social
studies project at her. high school in
Mendham, N.J. The letter was intercept.
ed, F.B.I. agents visited the school and
asked questions about Miss Paton, then
15 years old, and a file on her was started.
The file was destroyed when she sued.
"Invalidating a regulation on its face is
strong medicine." Judge Whipple wrote.
"Nevertheless; it : is. the only cure...Na-
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THE WASHINGTON POS
Article appeared 30 November 1978
on page A-13
FBI Scrutirr ' of Mail
Found Unconstitutional:
By U.S. District Judge
NEWARK, N:J.,. Nov..29 (AP).-A:: federal- judge
ruled today that it is unconstitutional for postal in.
spectors to scrutinize mail for the general purpose
of "protecting the national security" .
U.S: District Court Judge Lawrence A. Whipple
said that his ruling would not affeet sacalled.mail
covers in criminal or fugitive :investigations, but
that "national security. as a basis for the mail.cover,,
is unconstitutionally vague'and.overbroad." - -
Inspecting mail covers is a .,,practice in which
postal inspectors note any. return address or other.
information appearing on the. "outside. of mail ad.-
dressed?to certain organizations or individuals.. "
The judge ruled in the case of Lorl Paton, of
Mendham,.. N.J. who sued the FBI. in 1973 after she
learned she was investigated for a letter she errone-
ously sent-- to, the Socialist : Workers Party. Paton
said she meant. to obtain. information from the So-
cialist Labor Party for a high school project.
As a-result of her letter, the FBI began a file on
Paton 'with. a. . classification. ,that ,.indicated
"subversive matter," court records showed.
'`If the mail cover of the SWP. had been based on
a good faith. criminal. investigation; it.most, certainly
.would be valid,'. Whipple said..
"The Socialist . Workers Party. mail`. cover was
started by- acting FBI director: L? : ` Patrick Gray IT
.because the group "has put forth a continuing prop.
,aganda program againstthe American-form-of gov.
ernment," Whipple said.
;;.: , ._. ...,_..:..
Although Whipple ruled that `mafl scrutiny was
'unconstitutional, he reserved a.decision on whether
Paton's individal rights were :violated.-.
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PROVIDENCE JOURNAL_BU:LLETIt, . (R, I.
November 1978
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