FAR-REACHING RADIO VOICES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75B00380R000400020011-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: NSPR

20:i= ~,i,[ao 46
Approved For Release 2005/04/27 CIA-RDP75P0038OR000400020011-8
THE EVENING STAR DATE I-ricli was ordered to be printed, as niod-
i ed
NOTICE CONCERNING NOMINA-
l.`(C)NS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE
fDl THE JUDICIARY
EASTLAND. Mr. President, the
lowing nominations have been referred
tc, and are now pending before the Corn-
roittee on the Judiciary:
0i)roteo R. Baca, of New Mexico, to be
i-I S. marshal for the district of New
tioxico for the term of 4 years, reap-
3 soiii i,uient.
William F. Clayton, of South Dakota,
to iuc U.S. attorney for the district of
O)uth Dakota for the term of 4 sears,
00) poinunent.
[ arold M. Fong, of Hawaii, to be U.S.
a,iterney for the district of Hawaii, for
:.;ie term of 4 years vice Robert E.
''ukuda, resigned.
George K. iMcKinney, of Maryland, to
sse U.S. marshal for the District of Co-
la nbia. for the term of 4 years, vice
,,Anthony E. Papa, resigning.
Charles E. Robinson, of Washington,
be U.S. marshal for the western dis-
l,nct of Washington for the term of 4
, a re, . poirualent.
(?n behalf of the Committee on the
. tic ieiary, notice is hereby given to all
o -re'us interested in these nominations
_o file with the committee, in writing, on
E;, before Friday. August 3, 1973, any
,-.presentations or objections they may
to present concerning the above
:,ominations, with a further statement
conceal cost overruns and other prob-
leins on the LDD-963 program until it is
:;uu late for Congress or the Navy to
"et.
GAO REPORT
According to the report, the action
by Congress last year when it declined
to authorize more than 16 ships out of
`.he planned 30-ship destroyer program
wot'=ed "stress in. Litton" and tended
to "freeze the announced cost estimates
for the 30-ship program and the delivery
;schedule."
The GAO report goes on to say :
Ir reriances arise, Litton is likely not to
eliselose them until after authorization or
sometime in the future when the full pro-
gram seems committed.
Congress and the Navy have been put
on notice that Litton may be planning
r noverup of DD-?963 shipbuilding prob-
Fcros in order to obtain approval for the
l*_il')0-ship program.
Once the Navy is committed to pur-
chase 30 ships the likelihood of multi-
? union dollar bailouts to Litton will be
nreatly enhanced.
PROBLEDT ALREADY OCCURRING
Although the Navy has taken some
ateps to avoid cost overruns or schedule
delays in the destroyer program, there
are clear signs that, problems are already
occurring.
i:a?ri,truction of the destroyers is be-
ginning to overlap with construction of
the LHA in the Litton shipyard. GAO
eunc:iudes-
t"-;c believe some slippage in delivery of
the destroyers must be anticipated and some
cost Rrowth in this program probably can
be expected.
Congress and the Navy will have no
but themselves to blame for yet an-
. thcr procurement fiasco if we continue
to dio., nothing until we are surprised with
the inevitable announcement of a huge
cost overrun on the new destroyer
program.
RF.CQIJE'S IN G,tIRTERLY AUDITS
I am formally recommending to.Adm.
Isaac C. Kidd, Chief of Naval Material,
that the Navy initiate a series of quar-
terly audits of the Litton shipyard to
determine physical progress of the de-
stroyer program in a reliable, timely, and
systematic manner.
I am also requesting that the Comp-
troller General review the Navy quar-
terly audits of the Litton shipyard and
report its findings to Congress.
Congress should assure itself that ade-
quate progress is being made on the de-
s:troyers already authorized before com-
mitting itself to any additional ships.
Tice full costs of the DD-963 program
have already increased by $224 million
from the original estimate of $2.58 bil-
lion to a current estimate of $2.8 billion.
t
y'ZD.:411Cr 14 1.9 411011 1114C1141t,11 o appea a
- S WORKERS SUP-
ry nearing which may be scheduled. COMMUNICATION
1SJRT ASSISTANCE TO RADIO
ITIONAL STATEMENTS FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIB-
COST OVERRUNS ON DD-963 LIKELY
i."O BE CONCEALED
1Vfr. PERCY. Mr. President, the Com-
munications Workers of America, a union
PROXMIRE. Mr. Presiders';, the representing more than 550,00(1 working
-"west GAO report on Litton's Navy men and women in the United States
=shipbuilding programs contains an un- and Canada under the leadership of
usual warning that Litton is likely to Joseph A. Beirne, has adopted a resolu-
S 14913
tion of support for legislation to providE
continued funding of Radio Free Europe
and Radio Liberty and to establish a
Board of International Broadcasting.
The resolution was adopted at the an-
nual convention of the Communications
Workers of America in Miami Beach
during the week of June 18. I bring it to
the attention of my colleagues as an-
other indication of a broad support in
this Nation for Radio Free Europe and
Radio Liberty. The authorization bill,
S. 1914, will. soon be on the floor after
being approved by the Committee on
Foreign Relations by a vote of 13 to 3.
I ask unanimous consent that the text
of the resolution of the Communications
Workers of America be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESOLUTION
In the tense years immediately after World
War II, the rebuilding of a devastated Eu-
rope was underway. The United States or-
ganized and let the effort in the western
nations. At the same time, the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics undertook both a
physical and psychological rebuilding effort
in eastern Europe.
Thus, in the late 1940's, the "cold war"
began. Communist propaganda spread
throughout Europe-beyond the "Iron Cur-
tain"--into western Europe, by radio and
other means.
To counter the Communist ideological
thrusts, Radio Free Europe was founded in
1950, and Radio Liberty in 1953. Radio Free
Europe's transmitters were beamed to send
programs into Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hun-
gary, Romania, and Bulgaria. Radio Liberty
programs were prepared and transmitted in
10 languages in use in the USSR.
Each of these radio services was established
as a "surrogate free press" for the six eastern
European nations, to offer those millions of
people facts about the real world. From their
beginning days, the Central Intelligence
Agency gave financial support to Radio Free
Europe and Radio Liberty, because the pri-
vate contributions were not enough to pay
for the stations' services. In 1971, because the
CIA funding support was loudly criticized all
over the world, the Department of State be-
gan supplying the funds, but on a "stop-
gap" basis. In 1972, the Presidential Study
Commission on International Radio Broad-
casting, headed by Dr. Milton Eisenhower,
was directed by President Nixon to learn
hether Radio Free Europe and Radio Lib-
nrtty still are needed, in light of the gradual
reduction in international tensions of recent
years. and then to recommend how to ensure
that Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty
could continue to exist without their being
propaganda outlets.
The Eisenhower Commission made its re-
port in February 1973, recommending that
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty con-
tinue, but under an entirely new structure
and financing arrangement. The Commis-
sion recommended that Congress establish
the "Board for International Broadcasting,"
with these important duties:
"To accept government appropriated funds
and private contributions.
"To guarantee sufficient funds to accom-
plish the main job-informing the people of
.stern Europe of current affairs.
"To serve as the "buffer" between govern-
ment; and the stations, in order that they
may remain private, non-government cor-
porations exercising independent judgment
_r_ programming. The Board would be com-
posed. of five eminent citizens chosen by the
President and the chief executives of Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty, serving ex
officio.
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T,,.1,,. 0 1 1 o'y r'fNCTRFSSIfNAT. RECORD - SEN
physically suitable for plywood, lumber, or
fiberwood. The analyst's study did not in-
clude estimates of what portions of the total
volume were suitable for each of these prod-
ucts or how much could have been econom-
ically marketed by the purchasers.
Forest Service reports published both be-
fore and after the research study indicated,
however, that substantial volumes of such
wood were of the size normally suitable for
lumber and plywood, for which there is a
strong demand. For example:
A 1965 Forest Service report on U.S. tim-
ber trends stated that nearly 400 million
cubic feet of logging residues, including 1.5
billion board feet of wood included in the
sawtimber (timber suitable for making lum-
ber and plywood) inventory, had been left
behind annually on Federal, State, and pri-
vate logged-over areas on the Pacific coast.
A 1972 Forest Service report on forest
statistics for the United States showed that
about 525 million cubic feet of logging resi-
dues, including about 1.6 billion board feet
of wood included in the sawtimber inven-
tory, was left on Federal, State, and private
logged-over areas on the Pacific coast dur-
ing 1970.
The above reports did not state why the
timber purchasers did not removed the felled
wood. The research report stated, however,
that, as economic and technological changes
occur, felled wood being left in sale areas
may represent a substantial base for in-
creases in paper and board production with
no additional drain on the timber resource.
peared in the summer edition of Dixie
Business entitled "It Seems to Me" by
dential Campaign Activities, Senator
TALMADGE has ably demonstrated his
in the U.S. Senate, is serving his State
and his Nation with honor and dignity.
of the Joint Economic
shown the good sense t
would buy now an7
thoughtless actionsecou
tion to economic
He has worke ong 1:
nation's leader that w
tention to t needs
our cities ar to surviv
not gone noticed sa
esearch and
hours of
warded
in this area
legislat' n decad
Ev now, as the lea(
s seeks out its bes
Stat
e leadership whic
of i
H se itself, the Chab
t to sit in judgement
h occupies the White
does so now, with dignity and courage be-
fitting such a call to service.
Senator Herman E. Talmadge is a great
Georgian, an outstanding American. He Is
Presidential Timber of the highest sort. Those
of us who know him best, perhaps appre-
ciate his greatness least. Let's begin now, to
sound the call.
States Senator from the Statelof Georgia, is
my candidate as the next pesident of the
Forest Service officials in the Intermoun-
tain Region told us that the volume of felled
wood left in Forest Service sale areas in that
region-which includes national forests in
Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada-was sig-
nificant, but that no studies for determining
that region's overall volume had been made.
One Forest Service research study showed
that felled wood left in a typical lodgepole
pine sale area in Wyoming would amount
to about 3,600 cubic feet per acre. Regional
officials told us that nearly all of the felled
wood left in Forest Service sale areas in that
region was physically suitable for fiberwood
products and that some was suitable for
lumber.
Information obtained from a Forest Serv-
ice research official in the Forest Service's
Northern Region-which includes national
forests in North Dakota, South Dakota,
Montana, Idaho, and Washington-indi-
cated that large volumes of felled wood had
been left in sale areas in that region. For-
est Service researchers had surveyed several
sale areas in two national forests in western
Montana and estimated that an average of
th 100 tons of felled wood per acre
n
names have been promiantly mentioned for
that high office. There/is no doubt in my
mind but that the ~enior Senator from
Georgia is as knowlecJ,eable and understand-
ing of that which ?'onstitutes the best in-
terests of the peop}fe of the United States as
does any other fiFStiire in public office in our
country today.
He stands as/an equal to men like Hum-
phrey of Min sota, Jackson of Washington
State, Walle of Alabama, Connally of
Texas, Goldwater of Arizona, Church of
Idaho, Per?'y of Illinois, Bayh of Indiana,
Kennedy if Massachusetts, Muskie of Maine,
and the host of other contenders.
Then "is no doubt but that Governor Wal-
lace h opened the door of the White House
to ottstanding southern leaders who find
therriselves capable and qualified to seek the
office of the Presidency. Herman Talmadge
h> distinguished himself as the Chief Ex-
efiutive of the State of Georgia and his serv-
ice in the United States Senate has not been
more a
had been left in the areas. The researchers i without recognition on the part of his peers,
estimated that 90 percent of this felled woods where he Is in high esteem.
of the Senate
was 4 inches or more in diameter at thy' the very able Chairman small end. Forest Service officials stated th$t Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, the
felled wood of that size is suitable for fib,$r- Senator finds himself at the center of the
board, pulp, or lumber, depending upoiVits stage in an era when our nation's capacity
quality. i to help solve the food and fibre crisis facing
Forest Service officials in the Eastern Re- the world may become the only workable
gion, which includes national forests in 12 solution to many of the problems which face
States, and the Southern Region,- which our nation.
includes national forests in 13 St es, told As the second ranking majority member
us that, although the problem in Those re- on the Senate Finance Committee, Senator
gions was not as great as in other Forest Talmadge has a working understanding of
Service regions, about 2 to 10 per.Cent of the the budget, and is perhaps Tone^of +heQmost
i
d
i
ens seal
c a..a
rs an
standards for lumber, pulpy a d fiberwood day on econom
' " "
products was left in sale _as in their responsibility as relates to the workings of
regions. They stated that of er felled wood government.
left in the sale areas was b pow the stand- Long a fighter for the military and eco-
t
ti
f
N
ti
S
on,
ena
or
on o
our
a
ards but was physically sui ble for lumber, nomic protec
pulp, or fiberboard products. Talmadge has stood against the tide of those
who would destroy our armed services and
?^ - who through ignorance more so than design,
TRIBUTE TO SENATOR TALMADGE would destroy our agricultural economy
which is in fact the very basis of our sur-
Mr. NUNN. Mr. esident, it is with vival in the free world.
pleasure that I brig to the attention As a member of the Joint Committee on
of my colleagues an article which ap- Internal Revenue Taxation and as a member
TRAGEDY AT LOGAN INTER-
NATIONAL AIRPORT
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, this
morning a tragic plane crash at Logan
International Airport in Boston, Mass.,
took the lives of 88 people. My heart goes
out to the families of those lost, and I
am sure that I express the sympathy of
all Members of this body on the sudden
loss of those loved ones.
Moments after the tragic crash, the
city of Boston Police Department and
Fire Department had taken action to
provide emergency assistance. Massa-
chusetts General Hospital and the Bos-
ton City Hospital immediately responded
to provide crucial service. All of the men
and women who worked so efficiently and
quickly are to be commended for their
efforts.
Mr. Alexander Butterfield, the Admin-
istrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration has informed me that Isabel A.
Burgess of the National Transportation
Safety Board has already arrived on the
scene to investigate the cause of the
crash.
Once again, let me express the heart-
felt sympathy of the Members of the
Senate to the families of those who died
this morning, and let them know that
our prayers are with them.
.INTERNATIONAL SPACE HALL
OF FAME
Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, today
I would like to go on record by saying
that the city of Alamogordo, N. Mex.,
has announced that they will establish
an international Space Hall of Fame,
with an appropriate shrine to be sup-
ported by the historical foundation of
the city. A charter for this Interna-
tional Space Hall of Fame was pro-
claimed by resolution of the Alamogordo
Chamber of Commerce and City Com-
mission. Following this, the Governor
of the State of New Mexico issued an of-
ficial proclamation designating Alamo-
gordo as the site for an International
Space Hall of Fame.
Dr. Charles Stark Draper, president
S 15157
labor have been re-
the first meaningful
in more than three
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15158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Jul u 31, 1973
r=: +ne National Academy of Astronau-
ti~, has been contacted and offered the
orvices of the academy in selecting
-iominees for the Hall of Fame. Dr. Drap-
v- is best known as the prime inventor
,,;? 'he inertial test-guidance system for
aavigation. of space vehicles.
la-as for the International Space
Ul of Fame will be presented at the
next meeting of the academy at Baku.
i sia, in October by Dr. Draper and by
LLr. I rn.est Steinhoff. a delegate to the
wrc.eting from Alamogordo, N. Nlex. This
international academy was founded by
distinguished pioneers in space research
it: 19661 for promotion of international
cooperation and communication among
i:iie various space scientists throughout
lie world.
.ecenily a symposium of international
;;pace laboratories was held, wider the
auspices of the academy, in Clcxldcroi't,
N. Mex., in the fall of 1969. This sym-
posium coincided with the dedication of
Pie new Sacramento Peak Observatory
telescope. Distinguished scientists from
,all over the world attended the confer-
ence and toured the facilities of the Tu-
l r;rirsa Basin.
-t is planned that contributions from
liolloman Air Force Base, White Sands
Missile Range. and NASA Apollo Sites
will be major tourist attractiors in the
'i'ularosa Basin. In addition. exhibits
provided by Wernher von Braun arid
iissociates. which directed the first sue-
cessful American orbital experiment and
lnauy other pioneer space contributions.
wia be featured.
FA lamogordo is located on U.S. 54-70,
between El Paso, Tex., and Albuquer-
que. S. Mex., and historically on the
route of the old Santa Fe Trail, which
.cday is near the Trinity Site. location
of the first atomic fission explosion in
.July 1945.
Upon receiving notification of this his-
i;oric moment. I contacted Dr. James
":etcher, Director of NASA. arid asked
that his agency provide the necessary co-
r;ileration to make this venture success-
fiii. it is a policy of NASA that all relics
i:.;td artifacts of our space exploration
program are donated to the Smithsonian
institute, but upon request could be
lo.-c.-led out to the International Space
Halt of Fame in Alamogordo.
:nn very confident that the city of
ralnmogordo has the necessary ingre-
dients and attitude to make the :Interna-
t ,mal Space Hall of Fame a reality.
MIT,TON EISENHOWER IS RIGHT--
__, RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO
1:BERTY SHOULD CONTINUE
or, :F{RIJSKA. Mr. President, I wish
address a few words on the subiect of
-ontinued funding for Radio Free Europe
,~. id Radio Liberty. In August of 1972,
1 ' -nnie ent Nixon established Study
c'-,mmission on International Radio. The
i:`csrnniission. after thorough study, sub-
r_i.tted its report this year. Its findings
_: ,-ak loud and clear for the continuation
i Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty,
lie Commission also recommended the
i;reation by congressional action of a
l i >ard for International Broadcasting to
receive appropriated funds for allocation
to Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty.
Despite the Commission's findings,
there have been arguments that Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty are no
longer needed. These arguments point to
the bettering of relations between the
Soviet Union and the United States and
seek to end the operations of the radios
on the grounds that they are "throw-
backs" to the cold war era.
Naturally. all of us are -oleased with
the recent events that have occurred in
United States-Soviet relations. Insofar
as they lead to peace, they are good.
President Nixon's trip to the Soviet
Union in May of 1972 and the recent
June visit of Leonid Brez.hnev to the
United States are evidences of that
progress.
But such arguments which link the
improved :relations between the United
States and the Soviet Union to the dis-
continuance of Radio Free Europe and
Radio Liberty miss the basic thrust of
the Commission's Report on Interna-
tional Radio. The thrust of the report
is that the very progress that has been
made in United States-Soviet relations
does not diminish the need for Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty, In fact,
progress toward detente: increases the
value of Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty.
Observing that "it is unfortunate that
the spirit of detente has not filtered into
Soviet internal policies for their peoples
and for the citizens of Eastern Europe."
the Commission report; goes on to state
that:
Ti would be a mistake for us to assume
that Detente will. bring an end to tight in-
terrial security of the Soviet Union and East-
ern Europe. Soviet security leaders fear the
dissemination of the free rlow of news. So
lung as they continue to do so there is an
.=iirarent need for Radio Free Europe and
RArito Liberty.
Recent reports do not indicate that in-
tei nal security in Eastern Europe and
the Soviet Union has been reduced to
any significant degree. The free flow of
news and ideas has yet to become a real-
ity in the Soviet Union and in Eastern
Europe. Soviet citizens are perhaps the
uivst isolated of all peoples on this earth
when it comes to the free flow of infor-
niation. A Western newspaper in the So-
viet Union is a rarity. Even Commuru t
newspapers from the West are screened
and censored if they are critical of par-
iu ilar developments in the Soviet Union
Eastern Europe.
Were it not for Radio Free Europe and
Radio Liberty, the peoples of the Soviet
union and Eastern Europe would receive
oily the news that their governments
choose to give them. The Commission re-
rnrt states :
Whether we lake it or not, we must recd:-
-rive that detente in relations with the OLe-
side world is for the communist governments
by no means congruent with relaxation -f
restrictions, censorship, and all other inhi-
bitions which impede the right of their own
people to be infcrined.
Nor has detente reduced the amount
of Soviet shortwave broadcasting. In
fact, quite the contrary seems to be oc-
curring. Two Soviet stations-Radio
Moscow and Radio Peace and Progress--
maintain the largest foreign radio serv-
ice in the world. During the period from
1962 to 1972 Soviet shortwave broadcast-
frig increased from 1,000 program hours
a week to nearly 1,900 program hours a
week. Soviet and Eastern European
broadcasts directed at North America
and Western Europe now total about
1,350 program hours a week.
There is a great need on our part to
insure that the peoples of Eastern Eu-
rope and the Soviet Union continue to
receive much needed news and informa-
tion. The particular advantage that Ra-
dio Free Europe and Radio Liberty have
is that they are not considered by the
people who listen to them to be official
government radios.
Broadcasting in the languages of East-
ern Europe and the Soviet Union, Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty devote
major attention to Soviet and East Eu-
ropean domestic affairs. They fill in news
that the government chooses to leave out.
A people who are informed can never be
totally controlled. Immeasurably, Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty have fos-
tered detente by giving the peoples of the
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe infor-
mation.
Hopefully, an informed citizenry in the
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe can
provide the pressure needed to make
East-West detente a workable reality.
As we know, detente is a two-way
street. Unfortunately, the Soviet Union
continues to reject the premise of the
free flow of information. As long as this
is the case, Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty have a job to fulfill by providing
information to the peoples o; the Soviet
Union and Eastern Europe. f
BEEF SUPPLY CRISIS
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, it has
been nearly 2 weeks since the President
announced his phase IV program of eco-
nomic controls. At the time of his an-
nouncement, I commended the President
for his efforts to bring this inflation
under control and get our economy back
to its rightful operation under the laws
of supply and demand.
At the same time, I recognized the dif-
ficulties the administration faced in
choosing the right combination of con-
trols for phase IV. I expressed disap-
pointment that the administration chose
to retain the price ceilings on beef. It is
unrealistic to have a national policy that
singles one product out as being infla-
tionary. Although there is definite relief
in sight with the announced end of con-
trols in September, I am vitally con-
cerned with the effect this singling out
will have on all phases of the beef
industry.
Mr. President, in the last 2 weeks it has
become abundantly clear that my con-
cerns have proven correct-the beef in-
du_istry is in turmoil. I rise today to re-
spectfully urge the President to recon-
sider his phase IV policy with regard
to the price ceiling on beef.
Renorts to my office in the past week
have been grim. Shortages in the sup-
ply of beef will surely re.;ult if the freeze
is continued. The beef packing industry
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Mr. President, I have been dismayed
to learn, that a high American official,
the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Com-
merce for East-West trade, recently sent
an intermediary to meet with a group of
Russian Jews-brave men who have been
waging an heroic struggle for the right
to emigrate freely-to advise them to lob-
by American citizens against my amend-
ment to the trade bill that would make
trade concessions to the Soviet Union
contingent on free emigration. But what
is perhaps most shameful is the indica-
tion, in a statement by 12 Jewish scien-
tists in Moscow, that this American offi-
cial warned that the Soviet Government
would "wreak vengeance" on its Jewish
citizens and that "no one would be able
to come to [their] aid" if the Jackson
amendment were to be approved by the
Congress.
In contrast to the ugly spectacle of a
high administration official conveying a
Soviet warning of reprisals, there is this
response from the brave Jews of the So-
viet Union:
Apprehension for our future fate must not
become a ... pretext to abandon the fight for
our human rights.
And, of course, as Sakharov well un-
derstands, the Jackson amendment and
the struggle for free emigration extend
to citizens in the Soviet Union, Jews and
non-Jews alike, who, in Sakharov's
words :
Want to leave the country and who have
been seeking to exercise that right for years
and for decades at the cost of endless diffi-
culty and humiliation.
Mr. President, Andrei Sakharov, in his
open letter to us, has courageously and
eloquently urged that the Congress agree
to my amendment to the trade bill and
to its companion measure, the Mills-
Vanik provision in the House. It is ironic
that Sakharov's forceful argument
should come to us at a moment when
the trade bill is before the House Com-
mittee on Ways and Means and when
there is a move underway-which I am
certain will not succeed-to kill the
Mills-Vanik measure by a hastily drafted
administration-backed Corman-Pettis
alternative that would disappoint the
hopes of thousands of people to whom we
are trying to help bring just a little bit
of freedom. I am confident that the
House of Representatives, and the 18 co-
sponsors of the Mills-Vanik amendment
on the Ways and Means Committee, will
reject this or any such maneuver and
keep their promise to those innocent men
and women who desire only to emigrate
to the free world.
Withholding most-favored-nation
treatment and subsidized credits from
nonmarket countries until they imple-
ment the right to emigrate is the most
effective action the Congress can take
in the area of human rights. The Mills-
Vanik amendment in the House and the
Jackson amendment in the Senate do
just that. As a nation of immigrants, we
can do no less.
Mr. President, Andrei Sakharov, by
speaking out at this moment when both
he himself and the movement for human
,rights in the Soviet Union are gravely
threatened by the full power of the So-
viet state, has challenged each of us to
higher levels of conscience and responsi-
bility. Let me conclude with his words-
and with my affirmation that we shall
meet our responsibilities before history:
The abandonment of a policy of principle
would be a betrayal of the thousands of Jews
and non-Jews who want to emigrate, of the
hundreds in camps and mental hospitals, of
the victims of the Berlin Wall.
Such a denial would lead to stronger re-
pressions on ideological grounds. It would be
tantamount to total capitulation of demo-
cratic principles in face of blackmail, deceit
and violence. The consequences of such 'a
capitulation for international confidence,
detente and the entire future of mankind
are difficult to predict.
I express the hope that the Congress of
the United States, reflecting the will and
the traditional love of freedom of the Amer-
ican people, will realize its historical respon-
sibility before mankind and will find the
strength to rise above temporary partisan
considerations of commercialism and pres-
tige.
I hope that the Congress will support the
Jackson Amendment.
STATE, JUSTICE, AND COMMERCE,
THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED
AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS, 1974
The Senate continued with the con-
sideration of the bill (H.R.?8916) mak-
ing appropriations for the Departments
of State, Justice, and Commerce, the
Judiciary and related agencies for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and
for other purposes.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I send
to the desk an amendment and ask
unanimous consent that its reading be
dispensed with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered, and reading
of the amendment will be dispensed with.
It will be printed in the RECORD at this
point.
The text of the amendment is as fol-
lows:
On page 14, between lines 3 and 4, insert
the following new section:
SEC. 105. (a) The Senate finds that-
(1) physicist Andrei Sakharov, novelist
Alexander Solzhenitsyn, historian Pyotr
Yakir, economist Viktor Krasin, and other
citizens of the Soviet Union have demon-
strated enormous courage and intellectual
honesty in advocating and defending the
importance of fundamental civil and political
liberty, the necessity for the free and unre-
pressed dissemination of ideas, and the
meaning of basic human decency although
faced with increasing harassment and im-
minent danger of criminal sanction:
(2) the intensive and thorough campaign
of the Soviet Government to intimidate and
deter those who have spoken out against re-
pression of political and intellectual dissent
profoundly offends the conscience of a free
people; and
(3) recent incidents of Soviet Government-
sanctioned anti-Semitism violate interna-
tionally agreed-upon principles of human
rights, including free emigration and free
expression of ideas.
(b) It Is, therefore, the sense of the Sen-
ate that the President should take immedi-
ate and determined steps to-
(1) impress upon the Soviet Government
the grave concern of the American people
with the intimidation of those within the
Soviet Union who do not adhere to prevailing
ideology;
(2) call upon the Soviet Government to
permit the free expression of ideas and free
emigration by all its citizens in accordance
with the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights; and
(3) use the medium of current negotia-
tions with the Soviet Union as well as in-
formal contacts with Soviet officials in an
effort to secure an end to repression of
dissent.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, this is
a sense of the Senate resolution in the
form of an amendment, and follows the
comments of the distinguished Senator
from Washington (Mr. JACKSON) con-
cerning the outrageous and repressive
treatment by the Soviet Government of
many distinguished critics in the Soviet
Union, led by such great world citizens
as Mr. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the Nobel
laureate, and Dr. Sakharov, the father
of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, and many
other men of letters and science, as well
as literally millions of minorities and
others in the Soviet Union who have been
intimidated and repressed, as the Sen-
ator from Washington (Mr. JACKSON) so
clearly and eloquently , just described
earlier.
Mr. President, I was offended, as-
tounded, and shocked the other day
when, following a most moving resolution
by the National Academy of Sciences,
under the direction of Dr. Handler, con-
demning the harassment and detention
of Sakharov and the other repressive
acts to which we have made reference,
our own Secretary of Health, Education
and Welfare, Mr. Weinberger, upon his
return from a tour of health facilities in
the Soviet Union-I wish he would visit
some of our own-incredibly criticized
the National Academy of Sciences for
taking this position on behalf of hu-
manity and condemned it as being con-
trary to the policy of the United States.
Mr. President, on many occasions our
country has made clear its support of
article 5 of the United Nations, which
calls for an international convention on
the elimination of all forms of racial
discrimination-which, incidentally, was
ratified by the Soviet Union in 1969-
and article 19, the so-called Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, which
says:
Everyone has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interfer-
ence and to seek, receive and impart in-
formation and ideas through any media and
regardless of subject.
It is not only these articles, but also
such things as the recent public humili-
ation of Mr. Yakir and Mr. Krasin, who,
in an appearance that was remindful of
the sham trials described by Arthur
Koestler in "Darkness at Noon," were
forced to appear in front of western
journalists and-plead guilty to phony
charges which had been placed against
them by the Soviet Government.
These practices, it seems to me, re-
quire at least an expression of outrage
by the Senate and some of the other
steps to which Senator JACKSON and
others have made reference. That is
what this sense of the Senate resolution
is designed to do, and I hope the distin-
guished floor manager will accept it.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the name of the Senator from
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Massachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY) be added
o, a cosponsor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
rbjection, it is so ordered.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, there is
relevancy between this amendment
:,.r d the State Department, although it
~1.S not binding. It is merely a sense of the
enate resolution. We all feel as strongly
:bout this as does the Senator from
YAjnnesota, and I do not think: anybody
n. the Chamber is opposed to it-at
least, so far as I know. I am going to
accept it.
Mr. HRUSKA. I have no objection.
Mr. PASTORE. I yield back the re-
rnainder of my time-
Mr. MONDALE. I wish to make one
;,Modification, so that the amendment
will read "section 106." It is a technical
,+hange.
( yield back the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
'inent of the Senator from Minnesota, as
modified.
The amendment. as modified, was
x? reed to.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President? I
,;end an amendment to the desk and ask
that it be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
meudment will be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk read as
Follows:
On page 47. line 24. strike out "$40,000;
1)110" and insert in lieu thereof "$?65,834,000".
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the
,,,:niendment merely adds $5 million to
i.he Radio Free Europe appropriation.
i his still would be below the authoriza-
Uon. It would make the sum o;P $45,934,-
000 Instead of $40 million.
Mr_ PASTORE. Mr. President, will the
senator yield?
Mr. HUMPHREY, I yield.
Mr: PASTORE. The House cut the es-
ale by $5 million. We cut it further
million. I understand that this
,.mendment brings it back to the House
figure.
Mr. HUMPHREY. That is correct.
Mr. PASTORE. If that is the case, I.
rir i_)erfectiy willing to accept it. if the
'enator from Nebraska is.
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, the
suggestion is agreeable to this Senator.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is all
fife yielded back?
Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
Mr. PASTORE. I yield back the re-
c:minder of my time.
the PRESIDING OFFICER. The
ulestion is on agreeing to the amend-
of the Senator from Minnesota.
The amendment was agreed to.
r1r. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
ic unanimous consent that the names
the following Senators be added as
rosponsors of the amendment: Mr.
st2ATHIAS, Mr. PERCY, Mr. McGEE, Mr.
i , DICOFF, Mr. SCHWEU ER, Mr. Coox, Mr.
I uCKLEY, and Mr. BROCK.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The bill is open to further amendment.
It there be no further amendment to be
proposed, the question is on the engross-
ment of the amendments and the third
reading of the! bill.
The amendments were ordered to be
engrossed and the bill to be read a third
time.
The bill was read the third time.
Mr. PASTO:RE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Secretary of
the Senate be authorized, in the engross-
ment of the Senate amendments to H.R.
8916, to correct any technical or clerical
errors.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. HATHAWAY. Mr. President, I
shall be brief but I do wish to express my
concern at the continuing low level of
support we are giving to the Antitrust
Division of the U.S. Department of Jus-
tice. I am aware that our distinguished
committee did see fit to raise the Divi-
sion's appropriation from $13 million in
the budget request to $14 million, and I
commend the committee on this action.
Unfortunately? however, this is not
enough.
I am becoming more and more con-
vinced, as our economic troubles pile up,
that a renewed emphasis on antitrust-
both new legislation and enforcement-
is critical if the traditional American
economic system is to survive. Since 1950,
our GNP has grown from $285 billion to
well over a trillion dollars, an increase
in the "size" of the economy of 312 per-
cent. During this same period, the pro-
fessional staff of the Antitrust Division
grew from 314 to 354, an increase of only
12 percent. Meanwhile, the country's 200
largest industrial corporations increased
their share of manufacturing assets from
4Gi to 66 percent, the bulk of the increase
attributable to mergers, not internal cor-
porate growth. Those 354 staffers at the
Justice Department, plus a somewhat
suialler contingent at the Federal Trade
Commission, are being asked to police
the activities of 1.5 million corporations,
245 of which have assets of more than
e. billion dollaxs and more than 85,000
of which have assets of over a million
dollars.
I submit that in a free enterprise econ-
omy, where the basic decisions on re-
source allocation, prices, and production
are supposedly made by the market
mechanism through the force of compe-
tition, this paltry amount to keep com-
petition alive is scandalous. As the Nader
report on antitrust enforcement pointed
out, this amount represents one-twenti-
e,h of Procter & Gamble's advertising
budget, one-tenth of the cost of a C-5A
transport plane, and one-fifth of the
appropriation of the Bureau of Commer-
eml Fisheries. To put it in another per-
spective, it has been estimated that IBM
will spend in the neighborhood of $20
million in defense of the antitrust
enarges presently pending against it-
an amount equal to the total antitrust
enforcement expenditures of the entire
U.S. Government.
Still another way to assess this prob-
lem is to consider that we spend over $30
billion a year-local, State, and Fed-
eral-on the prevention of ordinary
"street crime" while the threat of "busi-
ness crime" merits only a few million
dollars. And lest anyone think that busi-
ness crime Is not significant, I would
point out that the electrical conspiracy
of 1961 stole more from the consumers
that year than the total of all the con-
ventional robberies in the Nation that
year. I could go on and on with examples
to dramatize the inadequacy of our anti-
trust effort; suffice it to say that if we are
serious about preserving competition, we
are going to have to start paying some
attention to-and spending some money
on-antitrust.
I realize that even if we give them an
extra $1 million the administration is
not likely to spend it. This is not like
other types of appropriations. One of the
reasons we do not have better enforce-
ment of our antitrust laws is that the
Antitrust Division of the Department of
Justice is grossly understaffed. About 80
percent of the cases coming before the
Antitrust Division are settled: they do
not have the manpower to take them all
to court. Many large corporations in this
country spend more money defending
themselves in antitrust cases than we are
spending in the Antitrust Division. If we
are going to restore competition in our
society which will go a long way toward
bringing down higher prices that we are
suffering today we should beef up the
Antitrust Division.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I assure
my distinguished colleague from Maine
that the committee gave very serious
consideration to this matter of anti-
trust. The request was made that we in-
crease the amount over and above the
budget estimate by $3 million. We talked
on that matter hard and long for a long
time and we finally decided to make
it $1 million. I think it will be sufficient.
It will allow them to engage 56 addi-
tional employees on a 9-month basis
during this fiscal year.
By the time this gets to the President,
it will be the end of September or Octo-
ber before it is signed. Practically one-
half of the fiscal year has passed. Let
us give it a trial with the $1 million addi-
tional. I do not know how we are going
to make out in the House, but we will do
the best we can.
Mr. HATHAWAY. I thank the Senator
from Rhode Island.
Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I wish
to call attention to some budget addi-
tions made by our committee that I be-
lieve to be wise investments. They are
all ocean or coastal related items, and
are of great interest in my State of
Oregon.
The important aspect of this also can
be seen when we see that even with
these budget additions of $14.9 million,
our overall bill as we sent it to the floor
is some $52 million under the adminis-
tration budget request. I think we have
beefed-up programs with obvious bene-
fits, while cutting needless expenses else-
where in the budget. The Oregon pro-
grains that will be increased all are
people-centered ones I support strongly.
I refer specifically to the budget ad-
ditions of $1 million for the sea-grant
college program, $348,000 for the moni-
toring of foreign fishing activities off our
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December 22, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL
cent; requires that the country receiving as-
sistance provide at least 25 percent of the
total costs of the project or program, which
may be on an "in kind" basis, if necessary;
repeals section 203 of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961, thereby eliminating the loan re-
payment revolving fund administered by the
Agency for International Development, from
which loan repayment dollar receipts were
used to make furtherdevelopment loans, and
making all such loans subject to the regular
authorization and appropriation process of
the Congress; cuts off all funds for the con-
tinued involvement of U.S. military forces in
hostilities in Indochina by prohibiting the
use of funds under this or any other law for
military or paramilitary operations by the
U.S. in or over Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia,
thus requiring specific Congressional action
to authorize and fund any renewal of Amer-
ican involvement in war in these countries;
prohibits U.S. funding or support for any
military or paramilitary activities by third
country military personnel in Laos, Cam-
bodia, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, or
Thailand, unless specifically authorized by
net of Congress enacted after this bill be-
comes law; contains a sense of the Congress
resolution that the United States should not
furnish aid to South Vietnam or any other
party to the Vietnam cease-fire agreement if
that party does not comply with the agree-
ment; and contains other provisions. S. 2335.
P/S October 2, 1973; P/H amended October
10, 1973, (442) (Comparable provisions are
contained in S. 1443.)
Foreign Assistance Act of 1973
Authorizes $1,429,734,000 for foreign econ-
omic assistance and $962,500.000 for foreign
military assistance, a total of $2,392,234,000
for fiscal years 1974 and 1975; adds the fol-
lowing five new categories for development
assistance: Food and Nutrition; Population
Planning and Health; Education and Human
Resources Development; Selected Develop-
ment Programs; and Selected Countries and
Organization, instead of, as formerly, provid-
ing funds for development loans, technical
cooperation and development grants. and the
Alliance for Progress; provides for a greater
transferability for funds among the five cate-
gories than is now permitted among present
funding categories, whereby the President
may transfer not to exceed 15 percent of the
funds under one category to another in an
amount which does not increase the funds
in the other category by more than 25 per-
cent; requires that the country receiving
grant assistance provide at least 25 percent
of the total costs of the project or program,
which may be on an "in kind" basis, if nec-
essary; provides that not less than $20 mil-
lion made available for fiscal year 1974 and
1975,shall be for assistance in the develop-
ment of cooperatives in less developed coun-
tries; prohibits the use of funds to pay for
the performance of abortions or to motivate
or coerce any person to practice abortion;
Prohibits the use of funds made available
under this Act for police training and related
programs for any foreign country; repeals,
effective July 1, 1975, section 203 of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and provides
that not more than 50 percent of the dollar
receipts scheduled for repayment thru the
loan repayment revolving fund administered
by the Agency for International Develop-
ment would be available; authorizes $512.5
million for military assistance including
military training, for fiscal year 1974 and re-
duces the number of countries eligible to
receive military grant assistance, other than
training in the United States from forty to
thirty-one;
Places a ceiling on the amount of military
assistance and sales that can be made or fur-
nished to Latin America and Africa in any
fiscal year; transfers effective June 30, 1974,
the authorizations for military assistance and
RECORD - SENATE S 23945
sales program for Laos, and South Vietnam
from the Department of Defense to the For-
eign Assistance and Military Sales Acts;
amends the act in -a technical nature to as-
sure that the Cambodia ceiling would not
apply to assistance furnished under this
Act; authorizes $125 million for security sup-
porting assistance of which not less than $50
million is to be available solely for Israel;
modifies section 620(e) (1) of the Foreign
Assistance Act-the Hickenlooper amend-
ment-by permitting the President to waive
upon notification to the Congress its sanc-
tions when he determines that such a waiver
was important to the national interests of the
United States; requires the submission of
semiannual reports on the status of each out-
standing loan, contract of guaranty or in-
surance, credit sale of defense articles, de-
fense services, or agricultural commodities,
and each Export-Import Bank Loan, guar-
anty, or insurance for transactions in excess
of $1 million, and annual reports showing the
debt-servicing problems of foreign countries,
debt relief granted by the United States, and
the consequences thereof; authorizes $25-mil-
lion for relief for African Sahel and enforces
international planning for relief of the West
African famine;
Authorizes $504 for postwar reconstruc-
tion in South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos;
authorizes $325 million for military sales
credits for fiscal year 1974, establishes an
aggregate ceiling on military credit sales of
$730 million for fiscal year 1974 of which
$300 million shall be available only for
Israel; prohibits the use of funds authorized
or appropriated under this or any other law
to finance military or paramilitary - opera-
tions by the U.S. in or over Cambodia, Laos,
or South Vietnam; (similar provisions are
contained in Public Laws 93-50, 52, 126, and
155); prohibits the use of funds to finance
directly or Indirectly "military or paramili-
tary combat operations" by third country
forces in Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam,
South Vietnam, or Thailand, unless specifi-
cally authorized by legislation; prohibits as-
sistance to the Government of -North Viet-
nam unless that assistance is specifically
authorized by legislation; prohibits the use
of any foreign currency, including principal
and interest, which accrues in connection
with any sale for foreign currency under any
provision of law; under any agreement to
aid any foreign country to procure equip-
ment for defense entered into after the en-
actment of this Act or revision of an exist-
ing agreement, unless such agreement is
specifically authorized by legislation enacted
after such date; S. 1443; Public Law 93-189,
approved December 17, 1973. (226, 537)
Foreign Service Building Act Amendments
Authorizes a total of $59,611,000 for fiscal
years 1974 and 1975 for the Foreign Build-
ings program administered by the Depart-
ment of State of which $13?811,000 Is for new
construction, acquisition and development,
and $45,800,000 is for operations. H.R. 5610.
Public Law 93-47, approved June 22, 1973.
(VV) -
International - Monetary Fund and Interna-
tional Bank for Reconstruction and Devel-
opment
Amends subsection (b) of section 3 of the
Bretton Woods Agreements Act to author-
ize the President, by.and with the advice and
consent of the Senate to appoint different
individuals to serve as alternates for, the
governor of the International Monetary
Fund and of the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development. S. 1887
Public Law 93-94, approved August 15, 1973.
(VV)
International Voyage Load Line Act
Repeals the Foreign Load Lines Act, 1929,
as amended, and substitutes this act, which
provides the necessary legislation to imple-
ment the provisions of the International
Convention on Load Lines, 1966, to which
the United States is a party and which came
into force on July 21, 1968, making it unlaw-
ful for a vessel to be so loaded as to submerge
the prescribed load line or the point where
an appropriate load line should be marked.
S. 1352. Public Law 93-115, approved Octo-
ber 1, 1973. (VV) -
Intervention on the High Seas Act
Incorporates into statutory law the rights,
duties, and responsibilities of the United
States under the International Convention
Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in
Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, signed No-
vember 29, 1969, at Brussels, which permits
a coastal nation to take whatever action it
deems necessary to prevent, mitigate, or eli-
minate a threat of oil pollution resulting
from a maritime accident beyond that
coastal nation's territorial limits by vesting
such authority in the Secretary of the De-
partment in which the Coast Guard is op-
erating; gives the Secretary the authority to
determine the extent of danger resulting
from a collision, stranding, or other disable-
ment of a vessel carrying oil, and to remove
and, if necessary, destroy the ship and cargo
which is the source of the danger; incorpo-
rates general guidelines for determining the
permissible scope of intervention actions;
authorizes actions against the United States
in the Federal courts by persons claiming
compensation; creates a mechanism for
settling controversies between signatory na-
tions, or between such nations and claimants
relating to compensation for excessive
measures; authorizes the Secretary to issue
rules and regulations to carry out the pur-
poses of this act; imposes criminal penalties
to insure full compliance with the legisla-
tion; and extends the right of intervention
now inherent in the Federal Government for
vessel incidents in territorial waters to inci-
dents on the high seas involving potential oil
pollution damage. S. 1070. P/S November 5,
1973. (VV)
Israel and Cambodia, Assistance To
Authorizes to be appropriated to the Presi-
dent $2.2 billion for emergency military
assistance or foreign military sales credits, or
for both as the President may determine, for
Israel, of which $1.5 billion may be used
only if the President (1) determines it to be
important to - our national interest that
Israel receive assistance exceeding $1.5 billion
and (2) reports to Congress each such deter-
mination at least twenty days prior to date
on which funds are obligated or expended in
excess of $1.5 billion; provides that the 20
day notification requirement shall not apply
if hostilities are resumed in the Middle East;
provides that the President may use sums
authorized herein to pay the United States
share of the expenses of the United Nations
Emergency Force in the Middle East; and
authorizes $200 million in grant military
assistance to Cambodia. H.R. 11088. Public
Law 93-, approved 1973. (587)
National security.
States as a sense of the Senate that other
nations should not construe domestic events
as adversely affecting our resolve to uphold
world peace nor size upon them as an op-
portunity to undermine the security'of the
United States or as impairing the full com-
mitment of our Government to achieve a
just and durable peace in the Middle East
and calls upon all friendly nations to join
us in pursuance of these vital common ob-
jectives; which have as their goal respect for
law and a stable and secure peace through-
out the world. S. Has. 200., Senate adopted
November 9, 1973. (VV)
Peace Corps Act amendments
Continues the Peace Corps program on a
one year authorization of $77,001,000 for fiscal
year 1974, and places the Peace Corps under
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23946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Dece-m leer 22, 197:3
I dera procurement law. H.R. 5293. Public
law 93-49, approved June 25, 1973. (VV)
"cople's Republic of China-Diplomatic
privileges
tuthorizes the President to extend to the
f i..ison Office of the People's Republic of
t'hina in Washington and to the members
thereof the same privileges and immunities
subject to corresponding conditior.s and ob-
1 ;nations as are enjoyed by diplomatic mis-
aions accredited to the United States and by
r,,,'mbers thereof. S. 1315. Public Law 93-:22,
approved April 20, 1973. 'VV)
Pri-dZ ges and inamunitic.i
Organization of American States (OAS)
:lcenacts the 1985 Organization of 1me:ri-
States Act to authorize the President to
end dipioniatic privileges and iiimitnities
a newly established -~,roup, the Permanent
servers to she OAS, w itch consists of non-
member American States and non-American
3=ides participating in OAS programs. H.R.
-03. Public law 93-149. approved Novem-
b.,,? 7, 1973- (VV)
)r?ajtizati.}n of African Unity (OAU)
ends the International Organization
rttrmitie?; Act of 1945 making the provi-
ns of that Act applicable to the OAU in
same was as they may be extended to a
-isbiie international organization in which
the, United States participates. S. 1526. P/S
October 23, 1973. (VV) (Comparable provi-
'dions are contained in 3:R. 8219 which be-
't:,.nne Public Law 93-1.61-)
?tnends the International Ortanisation
i,'tmunities Act of 1945 making the orovi-
ins of that Act applicable to the OAU in
,lie same way as they may be extended to
ai)ublie international organization in which
United. States participates. 1C-R- 8219.
)lie Law 93 161, approved November 27,
(VV)
'ro'zibiti n of intervention in fcreimt