A RESPONSE TO AMBASSADOR MARTIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00957A000100040051-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 14, 2005
• Sequence Number: 51
• Publication Date: August 2, 1974
• Content Type: OPEN

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August 2, 1974 CONGRESSIONA RECORD ?SENATE
Iota, Ray' of Iowa, Bond of Missouri,
of Indiana, and Docking of
ent, I ask unanimous con-
,
Ont that t resolution be printed in
the RECORD.
? 'Iliere being ? objection, the resolu-
tion was ordere be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
eakr
PAYMENTS
Whereas food pro uctio d the need for
ad:equate food reserves are only an op-
portanity but an obligation o .e midwest
states, and
? Whereas the interest of all the ople are
best served by sound- agriculture olicles
Which will guarantee adequate foo up-
plies at reasonable prices, and
'Whereas present drought conditions ?
railing In many er our statesare threaten
Mg the stability of our food producing
plant, and
Whereas we find that certain parts of the
present- Yarm Act wantingin some areas,
Therefore, be it resolved by the members
Of the Midwestern Governors' Conference:
I, That the target prices for wheat and
Med grains for the 19'74 crop be increased
by focorporating the escalator provisions in
the Mt immediately to meet the increased
oast of farm operations and to provide a
mere realistic disaster payment to our
farmers threatened with disaster.
2, That action be taken now by Congress
to re-establish the forgiveness provision,
- long n'Phrt of the emergency disaster loan
?fthe Tarinets Home Administration, to
prervide meaningful assistance to farmers
rend ranchers threatened with economic
ruin as the result of natural disaster.
THE PETROLEUM SITUAT/OX
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, I
would like to call to the attention of my
colleagues a recent release by the Chase
Manhattan Bank entitled, "The Petro-
leum Situation."
Briefly, the energy economics division
of the Chase Manhattan Bank points out
that some abnormal factors influenced
the group's earnings in the first quarter
of this year. For instance, the accountin
procedures requiring that inventories
treated on a first-in, first-out basis
accounted for well over half of the w ti-
wide increase in profits.
The Chase Manhattan Bank g n to
say that?
* conservative estimate indica at the
entire Increase in profits rep by the
group Of companies in the firs arter will
not be Sufficient to offset the n
itioal cost
of replacing the inventories.
eh though the dev Mien of the
dollar inhilericed their h of profits in
1973 morethan any her factor, the
eifect of devaluation the first quarter
profits contributed more than 10 per-
cent of the groat profits.
4thcrbeeattse de tion occurred dur-
ing the thSt er of last year, it will
nolo/ter' have Impact on the growth
of earnings:
-
:
.?Another po t raised is that?
'
a group's total capital ex-
penditures--re- nearly twice as large as a
year earlie most of the increased spending
rated in the United States. In
he iffat uarter of last year, the group In-
-Ilion dollars in the United States
billion in the rest of-the world. But
stile spent 3.2- billion dollars in the
States and 1.6 billion elsewhere.
Capital expel" "-Mures In the United
States were weir than twice as large as
profits. There h been a 146-:2ercent in-
crease in capital spending in the United
States. ,
It is also sit ficant to no.-,e that the
group's direct I 7-ies in the first quarter
Increased 109 porcent to $10.5 billion. In
addition, the g alp paid $7.5 billion in
the form of saIot taxes, excise taxes, and
lease bonus payt aerits. Therefore, the to-
tal receipts of eoVernInente amounted to
$18 billion-41cl- rly four times the $4.6
billion the grout) retained in net earn-
ings.
The Chase 'PA anhattan Bank made a
most basic ob,orvation when it said?
Jul the coats f doing business must be
paid, of course. s ad, because taxes and other
ayments to goys-lament are arrung the vari-
costs of dce eg business, they naturally
be reilecteg in the price consumers pa
eo I goads sea services. To some degr
the earning = of the group of petrol
comp s coot, -..bute to the price co
era ?ay for petroleum. But the t -
button eel other paymen ? gov-
ernment I e last quarter was ly four
times as gre ^msmuers dor.'t ow that,
of course, be se they're rar told. Why
they are not is curious ma because If
they were they tously w have a bet-
ter and heelt1 _ ersp r . And surely,
that would ae na ? Interest.
Mr. Preside r t, I unanimous con-
sent that a p the pamphlet by
the Chase Mar, tlats entitled "The
Petroleum Si n' b ? tinted in the
RECORD.
There b'eIijt objectio the portion
of the Panio Was ordered e printed
in the RE O7-, as follows:
?
PROFITS, AZT F, AND CAPITAL EXP ? 'TURES
Most petroleum compa? COM.
prLs is E,
k's large study grou'.. 'ave
now orted -ice results of their ial
ance te the first quarier of this
As peeted, F group as a whole recor.
1 e increases ia net earnin
capita in,?istasent, and 'taxes paid.
rel'' Compared lb a year ago, the combined
profits of the group on a worldwide basis
were up ILL percent. Wittin the United
States alone ? te group achieved a gain of
43 percent. /led in the rest of the world
the increare st4ountecl to 167 percent.
Some of th-- abnormal factors that influ-
enced the grco Ws earnings so much in 1973
continued to !day a major role In the first
quarter of 'MT.: year: For instance, well over
half of the we-idly-1de increase in profits can
be traced to se eaunting procedures involving
inventoriee. etroleum companies are re-
quired by tin governments of many import-
ing nations DI carry very large inventories
as a safety r:reure. These governments also
insist that is- : mtories be tr.sated on a first-
in, first-out basis for taxing purposes. In
other words, he petroleum companies are re-
quired to ri ply the cost of inventories
acquired mos, hs earlier to their current rev-
enue. Under his system, radical changes in
the cost of II rentories?eite,er up or down--
will have a -major impact upon profits.
And that exactly what happened in the
first tquarter 221 this year. At the beginning
of the year e geterninents of 'nost of the
world's lead) ng petroleum producing nations
dietatert ver f large increases in the price of
crude oil. A:- a result, the average price of
crude oil in he first quarter was more than
twice as Wee as in late 1973. And, the true
market VOIL-c of all oil held In storage in-
creased as e direct consequence. Therefore,
the differeny between the value and the
cost of the ed was much larger than usual.
And, became of the accounting system the
? ..
S1420 -
companies were required to use, that ab-
normally large difference caused profits
much larger than usual too. Had t
ernments reduced the price of cru
stead of raising it, the value of
would have declined and pron
been depressed as a conseque
The abnormal gain in
be of short duration. As
ventori are depleted
replaced with oil o
fact, a conservativ
the entire lucre
group of comp
not be sufhci
of renlaci
ceivable
decline
happ
the
a
be
gov-
I in-
entories
uld have
?
is likely to
lowest cost in-
esy will have to be
h higher cost. In
timate indicates that
profits reported by the
s in the first quarter will
to offset the additional cost
e inventories. And it is con-
the group may experience a
'rafts in the near future. If that
It will be most interesting to see if
Me is accorded the same degree of
on as the gain in the first quarter.
the United States the tax authorities
rmit the last-in, first-out method of in-
ventory accounting. And, for the most part,
the companies in the group use that pro-
cedure. If they had been allowed to utilize
it outside the United States as well, the
growth of their worldwide profits in the first
quarter would have been less than half as
large.
In 1973, the growth of profits was Influ-
enced by devaluation of the dollar more than
by any other factor. But, in the first quarter
of this year the effect of devaluation was
much diminished. leo more than 10 percent
of the growth in profits can be attributed to
it. Because the devaluation occurred during
the first quarter last year, it will no longer
have an impact on the growth of earnings
for the remainder of this year.
For many years, including 1973, the group's
earnings in the United States have been
much too small relative to its needs for cap-
ital investment. Profits in the first quarter of
this year, however, were more realistic. The
43 percent gain over a year earlier reflected
for the most part changes in the price of
crude oil. In August of last year the United
States government imposed a so-called two
tiered price system. The price of old oil was
controlled but the price of newly found oil
was permitted to respond ? to competitive
market forces. Then in December of last year
the government raised the controlled price of
d oil by one dollar per barrel to bring it
ewhat more in line with the realities of
t market place. As a result of these actions,
verage price of crude oil In the United
Stat was nearly twice as high as a year
earl! lthough still substantially below the
price oreign oil.
HisM Ily, there has been a consistent
relations between the group's profits and
its capita ? nditures?they rise and fall
together. t relationship was continued
in the Bret :rter when the rise in profits
was closely in bed by an increase in capi-
tal spending. the relationship was by
no means unifo on a worldwide basis. Al-
though, the grou total capital expendi-
tures were nearly ce as large as a year
earlier, most of the creased spending was
concentrated in the ted States. In the
first quarter of last ye the group invested
1.3 billion dollars in th United States and
1.1 billion in the rest of world. But this
year it spent 3.e, billion do s in the United
States and 1.6 billion elsewh
Although the group earned ly 31 percent
of its worldwide profits In the ited States,
it nevertheless allocated as mu as 66 per-
cent of its over-all capital spen to that
Nation. As as a result, its capital e ditures
In the United States were fully t and a
quarter times as large as its profl That
notable action by the companies cle re-
flects the more realistic level of petr urn
prices and also the hope that earningscill
be allowed to continue to improve enoug o
?
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August 2, 1974
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE r
support an adequate level of capital spann-
ing.
Th 140 percent increase in capital spend-
ing 1 United States was the most signifi-
cant velopinent thus far of all the el.
torts increase the nation'e energy supply.
And, new investment can continue to
Mere the prospects for a growing supple
of en will become much brighter. Un-
fortu ly, however, the general publio
Is not ely to become aware of the signifi-
cance o the increased capital spending sim-
ply a it lacks the shock effect to be
consid newsworthy.
Anoth slipaificant development likely to
go virtu y unnoticed la the huge increase
In Use unt for taxes paid by the group
even th la many governments-and the
people represent In sheory--benefited
-11.e.ndsom as a result.
The gr direct taxes on the first
quarter red to 10.5 billion dollar5--109
percent mo than a year earlier. In addition,
governmen !calved 'F.5 Di"ion dollars from
the group the forLa of sales taxes, excise
taxes, and 1 bonus payments. The total
receipts of g nu:lents, therefore. amount
to 18 billion ?llare-nearly four times th
4.5 billion ti s the group retained as net
earnings in United States alone govern-
ment took In 9 billion dolls.ra-triore than
four times th .4 billion dollars the group
of companies ? ed in the linitni States
All the of doing business must he
paid, of course ? el, because taxes and other
payments to g mment are among the vari-
ous coats of d g business, they naturally
must be relies In the price consumers pay
for all goods an rvices. To some degree, the
net earnings of e group of petroleum com-
panies contrib to the mace consumers
must pay for p leum. But the contribution
of taxes and o payments to government
in the first q was nearly four times
as great. CO don't know that, of
course, because y're rarely told. Why they
are not is a cur matter, because if they
were they obvio would have a better and
healthier pe ye. And, surely, that
would be in the ? onal Interest.
orim G. Wassail.
Menage C. Beaiturni.
RICHARD S. Mara*.
cam* J. Amantsobt.
NATIONAL
Mr. ERVIN. Mr.
annual National
held September 8-
ed to be by far the
tion to date.
National Hosiery
the National Associa
ufacturers and its
which includes the P
cent of the Nation's
Industry suppliers.
National Hosiery W will be cele-
brated by these corn as well as by
thousands of retailers ac the country.
The retailers, including e of the na-
tion's largest chains, participate
with special displays an romotions of
hosiery products.
The aim of National iery Week is
to educate the consume to the wide
variety of hosiery media to meet his
or her special needs. Whet these focus
on the latest fashion or primarily
functional, today's hosiery ? unter con-
tains something to snit oat every
situation.
To help In this educatio
motional endeavor, the Na
tion of Hosiery Manufact
Y WEEK
resident, the fourth
ry Week will be
974. and Is expect-
gest such celebra-
ek is a project of
of Hosiery Man-
ber companies,
ucers of 90 per-
ry and major
and pro-
1 Associa-
has pro-
vided retailers with an idea kit, includ-
ine a colorful display poster, lapel badges
for employees and theme ideas. The
association will also be highlighting Na-
tioaal Hosiery Week through its media
contacts.
The hosiery industry is a valuable con-
teireitor to the Nation's economy. In 1973,
it employed 89,800 persons in 390 corn-
Dailies operating 521 plants. Many of
the w are small businesses.
During the year, these mills produced
more than 2.7 billion pairs of hosiery.
Including socks of all sizes and women's
Pantyhose and stockings. Of this total,
93.2 percent was produced in the South.
North Carolina alone accounted for 46.9
Percent of the total production. Other
major hosiery producing States Include
Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia,
Pennsylvania, Alabama, and Virginia.
Hosiery mills also are located in 20 other
Ste tesrui4.,erto Rico.
A RESPONSE TO AMBASSADOR
MARTIN
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, there
a many disturbing signs that the Nixon
administration is not withdrawing from
Indochina, but is instead reverting to the
kind of hidden intervention which got
us involved there in the first place.
The fact that the administration has
Proposed $3.7 billion in fiscal year 1975
Indochina foreign aid, mom than it has
asked for the rest of the world combined,
Is In and of itself a cause for alarm.
But. beyond that, there have been more
and more news reports indicating that
US. personnel are playing a direct role
in internal Indochinese affairs. And I
think the time has come for Congress to
act as decisively as possible to insure
that we are not being dragged back into
Indochina without our knowledge.
One of the most comprehensive sur-
veys of American involvement in South
Vietnam appeared in the New York Times
of February 25, 1974, in an article au-
thored by David Shipler. Mr. Shipler re-
ported that US. personnel continue to
advise Thieu's army and air force, and
that without these US. advisers 'rhieu's
military forces could not function; that
U.S. CIA personnel were continuing to
work with the South Vietnamese nation-
al police, in violation of both the Paris
agreement and congressional directives;
and that the U.S. Embassy in Saigon was
attempting to keep the Western press
from having free access to Americans
working tinder Government contract or
direct hire in South Vietnam.
Our Ambassador to South Vietnam,
Mr. Grititant Martin, responded to Ship-
!era piece with a strongly worded attack
questioning Shipler's motives, as well as
his facts Mr. Martin attempted to pic-
ture Ellitpler as being part, of some sort
of a lionoloilrected conspiracy, and I
am sure that approach struck many
commentators as winbelaneed at the time.
His refutation of Shipler's charges with-
out supporting evidence did little to dem-
onstrate that Shipler WAS wrong.
Mr. Shiplera detailed article and Mr.
Mnrtin's attack further raised my con-
cern at the time about our continuing in-
volvemet it in South Vietnam.
Receitly, however, I received some
furthet comments on this controversy
from Dix. Shipler, Reading through Mr.
Shipler s answer to Ambassador Martin,
I find myself more than concerned. I am
now more convinced than ever that ur-
gent cengressional action is called for
to stop our head-long rush to reinvolve-
merit in South Vietnam.
Mr. ES alpler begins by pointing outothat
a close :vatting of Mr. Martin's response
reveals Sairly close agreement on a num-
ber of major points in Shipler's piece,
namely hat:
U.S. military aid and advisors are in-
dispense hie to Thieu's fighting forces and
military logistics system;
Amerimns often continue to give ad-
vice to South Vietnamese military per-
sotmel ; ond
Our Central Intelligence Agency con-
tinues to maintain close relations with
South 'Vietnam's national police, who
often refer to American personnel in the
field as 'police advisers."
Mr. Shipler then goes on to set out the
major Mints of disagreement with Mr.
Martin, making clear that Mr. Martin
was morn Inclined to play with wards
than to offer substantive refutation of
Mr. Shipler's points.
In my iirinion, however, Mr. Shipler's
most serious point is that Ambassador
Martin has systematically attempted to
prevent the New York Times from freely
interviewing American officials in South
Vietnam, and has himself categorically
refused to talk with New York Times
reporters.
Mr. Shipler is not the only journalist to
report on ;his attempt to keep the Amer-
ican people from learning what is hap-
pening in South Vietnam. On January
30, 1974, far example, the Christian Sci-
ence Monitor reported that Ambassador
Martin?
is trying te discourage any publicity con-
cerning ths American presence here .
Major General John E. Murray, the chief of
tile Defense Attache Office . . was recently
told to stop giving interviews.
More resently the Chicago Tribune,
hardly a critic of U.S. involvement in In-
dochina, reported on June 9, 1974, that:
An Integral aspect of Martin's unremit-
ting suppot of the government here is his
continuing effort to restrict the flow of Infor-
mation from official American sources to the
press. Repos era now must channel all their
requests for briefings . . . for the Ambas-
sador's appruval. The Ambassador rarely ap-
proves meetngs between reporters and of-
ficials in the office of the defense attache.
There are indications, moreover, that
Ambassador Martin has also hampered
attempts by duly constituted General Ac-
counting Once investigators to find out
what is happening in Saigon. In March
1974, for exemple, Senator KENNEDY re-
vealed that Ambassador Martin was try-
ing to restrict GAO access to Embassy
files and even going so far as to censor its
coramunicatons with its home office.
Mr. President, we learn daily of hid-
den activities undertaken in Indochina
during the past 5 years. Senator
Hoottes. for example, has revealed the
administration's deliberate falsification
of records prceented the U.S. Congress to
cover up its ssezet bombing in Cambodia,
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'august 2, 1974 CON6RESSION IZECOED ?SENATE
that the administiathnilwas Sending U.S. expeeted to be a s.und South Vie.tnam as long
as the mmpTicer?d weaponry is.
2. American li and personnel are essen-
tial component of the South Vietnamese
military logsti ? system. Americans assist
the Vietnamese a selecting military equip-
ment to be siinslied. In paragraph 16, Mr.
Martin -concedi --. that the Defense Depart-
ment official ad was quoted as saying, "We
Vletnamized tb lighting, but we never Viet-
nturdzed logistir ," made, as the Ambassador
puts it, "a corr , statement." In paragraph
18, commenting 41 my report that American
personnel "not Ay see that the South Viet-
namese get the quipment ane ammunition
they ask for hr also advise them on-what
to ask for.'tr. ".fartin tries to effect a con-
tradiction, but ' encle up as a bureaucratic
sounding eupt smism meanirg essentially
the same thin, -"The DAG (Defense At-
tach? Office) lists the Vietnamese to re-
late their need; to 115. supply sources."
3. Reports on ie efficiency cf South Viet-
namese militas units, written after joint
Inspections by 11.5, and South Vietnamese
pers0-nritI, a-e tiveyed to the South Viet-
namese. That American assessments of
South Vietnam a military performance are
given to the So* la Vietnamese military com-
manders, perhasproviding some sort of in-
P'orces on cross-binder Operations into'
Laos and Cambodia? in 1571 and 1972 in
direct violation Of ebiagleigenailaws,"and
that the adnifilistratiarl also falsified'
bombing records on 8-52 raids in north-
-ern Laps,
Given, thfs record, any further at-
tent* to reetifct thenlow of informa-
tionrre.01111-4.the Ana6-iican press and
Congress cannot be telerited. is clear
that , unless Congress takes e most
?
streriuons actions to find OuCinst what
the administration and Mr. Martin are
iap to in Tridnchina, we May never know?
or at least not know ur3I1 it is too late.
Tinge all 1/1 &fibers of Congress to read
ShiPler'S response' to Ambassador
Martin with care.,TPr if even some of Mr.'
Shipler's reports are true, we may Once
again find ourselves directly involved in
Vietnain, just as our failure to stop such
bidden intervention between 1954 and
1360 led to the Vietnam tragedy we have
already Suffered.
I. ask unanimous consent that Mr.,
lithipler's response to Ambassador Mar-
, direct advice- ,
tin be printed in the RECORD. While resettle strongly to the word "ad-
There vbeing no 'objection, the response vice," Arribassir..r Martin nevertheless lets
was ordered to be printed in the REcolle, the basic 'esti stand_ In paragraph 19 he
se
follows' writes, "it she tqd be noted that in some
cases, U.S. law quires that andits and end-
use inspections Se conducted by joint U.S.!
Vietnameseleass, It IS not uncommon for an
American aecl dth Vietnamese to make an
Inspection or ttilling hair of a military
unit together. I A often required procedure."
He doeanot.arg.[Y,1 WW1 my finding that cop-
ies of these efirnency reports are given to
Lieut. Gen. Do s Van Khuyen, head of the
Logistics Comm.. scl for the South Vietnamese
Joint General S's Alf.
. 4. The Cents ' Intelligence Agency main-
tains . e/Pse reVnoXts with the South Viet-
namese leatisnse Police, routinely asking the
police tO gather irtain intellige.nce, then ad-
vising them on ? ow to analyze the raw data.
In paragraph ;2, Mr. Martin. writes, "Cer-
tainly, it is trase that C.I.A. officers connected
With the Einha'r,y meet routinely with police
officials. It is hssied that this practice is fol-
lowed it ever Embassy in the world in a
continuing effert to keep senior officials of
the U.S. as weii informed and as currently
informed as per-ible." Mr. Martin does not
deny my report based on conversations with
two very high rsnking police officials, that
the C.I.A. asks he police to gather intelli-
gence, then 1361 pa the police make the anal-
ysis. lIsi arguer that the C.I.A.. men do not
give advice, bit, it seems clear that to sug-
gest areas of lice inquiry and to suggest
ways of in-terms! Mg the data constitutes ad-
vice Of an impOSI ant kind.
ST Certain Areerican officials in the pro-
vinces are ref& Sid to as"pollee advisers" by
police afficese I S,einselves. Mr. Martin writes
In paragrap-h -"That Americans in the
provinces Mailit,hilng contact with local po-
lice OffiCiala me r out of habit, still be called
'advisers' dries rist in any way change the fact
that there are so American advisers, formal
or inferreal, or asides any device or cover."
But Mr. Martin effers no counter-evidence of
Just what those Aniericarus do when they are
"maintaining ie staet' with the pollee offi-
cials. The Police say they give advice.
6. Zealous Ai gerictins in the field may oc-
casionally give' toil-nary advice.
Mt. Martha CSseetato the suggestion that
such advice Is 'ver given, but he does not
address himself o the specific incident I re-
ported, in ithrt.f, a well-placed Eziabassy offi-
aria' told me of boastful American official in
one -ProVin-ce -ieserfining how he had sug-
gested a Trilitter y sweep tin?ot gh a commu-
nist-held area 1.1.lis OffiCial, who is extremely
ItESPOMSS TO AMBASSADOR GRAHAM A. 1Vrsarrri'5
? most 04 the 'central &eta and major points'
contained in my article describing U.S. Min--
tary aid to South Viet/la:M are left entirely,
114144--and In some ewe, even confirmed?
by Ambassador Martin's cable. Before re-
sponding In detail to the issues of disagree-
intent, therefore, I should like to underline
the points on which we are apparently agreed.
Istrult64 States military aid is indispens-
able. tn Smith Vietnam's capacity to wage
ear, either offensively or defensively. Amer-
ican contract personnel are involved not only
in training, but also in performing highly-
skilled jobs that are essential tO the mainte-
nance of _complex weaponry:
In paragraph' 12 of his cable, Mr. Martin
Writes of the General Electric technicians,
"This is 'normal practice. 'GE provides the
'same service to the Imo. Some jet compo-
pelts are of such complexity that only the
manufacturer has the eXpertise to repair
them." He acknowledges that the GE con-
tract is "mainly an American work situation
with less emphasis on Vietnamese training".
The same is tree with the L,Ycorning, Cessna,-
Nortlisop and part of the Lear-Siegler cen-;
tracts, among others, but he does riot' deal
with those. He takes no -Issue at all with a-
most telling Piece of testimony' to the im-
portance of these American employees: the
.fact that their work hours had to be altered
to respond to a military .eitnation. My report
that -the Americans were_placed on 12-hour
?Shifts, at high overtime rates,' to get the
Maximinn number :of airaraft ready to fly in
.case ? an attack over t4; is left untouched
lay Mr. Martin. Pititherineire, his' assertion In
paragraph 14 that "within a very short time
frame American instriicters can and will be
wholly withdrawn," does nothing to outweigh.
ixi earliei? seekneWledgeinait that "only the
:riparitifeeturent, has the -.,e-.-Xpreitise- to repair"
corriplex equipment Perhaps instructors will
.he Withdravin (althoingli- lie -does not deny
'my report thit the rednetiOn of Contractors
.has?eeased and the mirinfier has remained
-steady in recent Months) hut the most im-
portant lisnerican personnel with the longest-
terin,dutles are not instiqtctere. They are en-
gineers and technicians, many of them known
ip tke "teen ma," who, 'by' the Ain:
=
bass 4r% bat. 'account, are ea-gentle" -alien
to the' Ilniterl metes Air Nice -and Can be
S 14207
wen-informed,' said such incidents are riot
uncommon, adding that given old habits,
they are to be expected. Mr. Martin acknowl-
edges the habitual use of the term "co van,"
meaning "adviser," but he declines to deal
with the issue of the habitual relationships
that sometimes persist as Surely in fact as
in language.
The fundamental points of disagreement,
then, are less on the facts than on the mean-
ing of the facts. Had Ambassador Martin re-
sponded to nay repeated requests during a
period of six weeks that he allow his views to
be reflected in this article, then the report
would have dealt thoroughly with his inter-
pretations of the facts, of the military situa-
tion, of the meaning of the Paris accords and
of the continuing American responsibility in
Vietnam. Mr, Martin's steadfast determina-
tion to see that no United States official of-
fered his views for inclusion in a major article
on such an important subject accomplished
nothing except todeny the Nixon Adminis-
tration the opportunity to explain its policies
and to provide information to justify its pol-
icies. Such views, as expressed in Mr. Mar-
tin's cable, would have been most welcome,
for they would have enriched the article by
giving the American public further insights
into the Administration's posture in South
Vietnam.
It is disingenuous for the Ambassador- to
say that he perceived some bias in my ques-
tioning as I went about researching this
article, and therefore decided not to allow any
officials to talk to me. I never had the op-
portunity to ask any substantive questions
at all of any official. We never got past the
i3oint of 'asking for interviews of requesting
some statistics. The Embassy's Press Attache,
Sohn F. Hogan, Jr., either rejected my re-
quests for interviews or failed to reply to
them, and thiswas the case from the outset.
At one point, at the very beginning of my
work on this project, / asked for interviews
with Defense contractors. The request went
unanswered for Several days, then was passed
to Robert Mueller, who was filling in for Mr.
Rogan, who was Out of the country. After
several more days of delay, I asked Mr. Muel-
ler about the request, and he replied, "They
don't want you to interview contractors." (I
ultimately saw contractors just by going onto
tairbases myself and meeting them on the
fob). This rebuff came without my having
asked a Single substantive question.
Ambassador Martin attempts to discredit in
advance any questioning of the United States
role in South Vietnam, whether in the press
or in Congress, by implying that such dis-
cussion is merely the fruit of a Hanoi prop-
aganda campaign aimed at reducing Amer-
ican aid. It is difficult to know what to add
to all that has beep said about McCarthyism
and Stalinism SITADD the 1950's, except that
efforts to blot out dissent and debate by link-
ing it to the enemy are no more attractive
now than .they were then. It is hard to see
which Americans Mr. Martin thinks will find
his method of attack convincing in 1974.
I do not care what Hanoi wants. I do not
care what Saigon wants. I do not care what
Washington wants. I care only what the
reader wants. He wants the truth. And inso-
far as I am able to see and hear and perceive
the truth, that is what I will give him. I am
the reader's advocate, nobody else's. I do not
write for effect or impact. I write to catch a
bit of reality and pass it on. Then the reader
must take the truth into his own hands and
do with it what he may.
ram not as certain as Mr. Martin about
the effects of my article on Congress. I am
not at all convinced that documenting the
essential nature of American aid to South
Vietnam will persuade members of Congress
to reduce the aid. The article cuts both ways;
In detailing the importance of the military
assistance, it also eves strong arguments to
those who want to see the aid continued to
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE August 2, 1974
maintain the strength and viability of the
South Vietnamese Government. In any case,
I have no interest in seeing Congress do one
thing or another.
It is worth noting that one of the Em-
bassy's top Hanoi-watchers, a well-informed
man who reads North Vicente:nese news-
papers, analyzes North Vietnamese and Viet-
cong radio broadcasts, examines prisoner and
defector interrogations and keeps abreast of
intelligence reports, told Me several days
after Ambassador Martin's cable had been
made public that he had never heard of this
alleged plau of propaganda by Hanoi.
Ambassador Martin's other arguments fall
Into several major categories.
THE EXTENT AND IMPORTANCE Or..ME5IC4.
AID
Although, as noted previously, Mr. Martin
confirms or leaves unchallenged many of the
most important findings of the article?those
that document the crucial nature of Ameri-
can military aid to South Vietnam, he simul-
taneously tries to portray the assistance as
somehow less essential, less important, less a
part of the South Vietnamese military ef-
fort than I describe It. This is the fundamen-
tal self-contradiction that marks the Am-
bassador's entire cable. He denies in his par-
agraph 8 that Americans are integral to the
South Vietnamese logistics system, then iti
paragraph 16 acknowledges the accuracy of
the Defense Department official's statement.
"W Vietnarnized the fighting, bet we never
VietnamIzed logistics?' He denies, in para-
graph 14, my finding that a long-term Amer-
ican presence will be necessary if the South
Vietnamese. are to have continued Ina of their
complex weapons, but in paragraph 12 con-
firms that only the manufacturers can repair
complex components, adding that they do the
same for the United States Air Force. He in-
sists. in effect, that the South Vietnamese
will be able to take care of their own equip-
ment themselves "within a very short time
frame." which he does not specify. And yet
he contends, in the next sentence, that Ha-
noi is campaigning for Congress to cut off
this aid to facilitate a Corrununiet victory.
The Ambaesador cannot have it both ways.
Either the American military aid is vital to
the South Vietnamese Government or it in
not.
A great gap between official labels and hard
reality runs through Mr. Martha's discussion
of the American civilian contract employes.
In his paragraph 4, for example, he describes
Ray Harris as a "cleaner of parts," part of a
group whose job is "to teach the South
Vietnamese." His title is a misnomer. He
prepares parts for welding by manipulating is
tiny grinder with the dexterity of n surgeon.
When I saw him he was sitting in a row of
men along a workbench, simply working on
a part. He was not teaching anyone, and he
told me that although instruction is part of
his Job, he spends a great deal of his (line
In "production," a standard tenn among
contractors that means "doing the job your-
self," as opposed to "training."
What A.nbassador Martin has evidenty
been told about the degree of training vs.
American maintenance, the proficiency of
the trainees, the role of the American con-
tractors and other aspects of the work situ-
ation is at great variance with what one sees
with his own eyes and what he is told by
the men on the night lbws and in the re-
pair shops of the South Vietnamese mili-
tary bases. Those who actually do the work?
both Americans and South Vietnamese--
are considerably less optimistic than Mr.
Martin's experts about the length of time
needed for self-sufficiency. Nevertheless. had
Mr. Martin made his own assessments or
those of his experts available, they would
have been reported thoroughly in the Article.
In paragraph 13, Mr. Martin states thet
since the date of my visit to the Bien Hoti
engine shop was Jan. 21, the day before Tete
and a payday, "it is likely that aunty Viet-
namese land taken time off." First, all South
Vietioanese armed forces were placed on full
alert during that period in anticipation of a
possible North Vietnamese attack. Bo if any
Vietnamese air force men had taken time
off, hey were AWOL. Secondly, one might
legit...mutely ask about the propriety of plac-
ing 1.ighly-pald Americans on 12-hour-a-day
shift; with overtime while the air force men
they are supposed to be training are not
there. The Ambassador's assertion Imre sim-
ply fells of its own weight. At the end of this
pan:graph, tie misquotes my article, stating,
'According to the shop manager, It is pre-
potocruus to teats that not a Vietnamese
was lak eight." Quite right, and I made no
such statement. I wrote the final assembly
lime had only Americans working, with no
Vietiamese. And that Is the cam. Our pho-
tographs show it. I gave no such description
that applied to the rest of the shop.
In paragraph it, Mr. Marton says that "none
of the RLOn (Regional Llaleon Officers] is
qualified" to give military advice. And yet
iii perograph 10, he says they "report on
RVNAV efficiency." If they are qualified to
report on military efficiency, then they are
certainly qualified to give advice. Contrary
to Mr. Mottle's description of these men as
having little or no combat experienee. Gerald
E, Riede a Regional Liaison Officer taken
priseion by the Chinese during the Paracels
battle, won a bronze star and a purple heart
when rue was a U.S. Army captain In Viet-
nam The Ambassador's suggestion that
South Vietnam officers would probably not
heed American advice coincides with my
findlege, discussed in my 49th paragraph.
In paragraph 7. Mx. Martin calculates the
dollar value of military aid differently from
the way the Pentagon does. The Embassy
told on, that it, did not know how much
military aid was being provided to South
Viete.ani, so The Times Washington Bureau
obtained the figures from the Pentagon.
where officials also suggested that most of
the Increese would be going for ammunition
since the expenditure had been higher than
antit-ipated. Mr. Martin's imprecise figure of
20 to 50 per cent less expenditure than dur-
ing "the last year of the war" csontrasts with
infornintion provided to me in January by
John F Hogan Jr., the Ambassador's press
officer, who quoted (Tellers' John E. Mur-
ray, Defense Attache in ./Saigon, as saying
that the level of resupply in 1973 was only
25 per cent below that of 1972. If the United
States is observing the Paris Agreement and
Is replacing only ammunition that has been
used or destroyed, then the rate of resupply
slimed roughly equal the rate of expendi-
ture. Is Ambiance:tor Martin saying that the
expenditure may be considerably lower than
the resupply? If so, that raises additional
queslions about the adherence of the United
States to the one-for-one replacement. rule.
In paragraph 27. the Ambassador responds
to an 1CC'S official's conclusion that the
United States has not been observing the
one-for-ono rule. Mr. Martin tries to avoid
a direct disagreement with the official, writ-
ing inetead, "The ICC& official was quite
right. Mit not In the way lehipler implies."
Of cotter* It is not my Implication that is
the I e'en Mit that of the rccs official, who
was raying clearly that he believed the
IIIIited States was giving the South Viet-
nexneee more thlui they were entitled to. MZ.
Martin auliWilEti that the opposite is true.
The 'Jutted titan's, he writes, 'unfortunately
has not been able in one single category to
provide one-for-one replacentents Of all the
material Mat by the OVN while defending
itself from continuing .HVA,VC aggression
since the mass-fire." This is brand new in-
formation, and would have been included in
the original article had Mr. Martin given it
out hetorelemd. In January, the Embassy re-
tuned in respond to ? series' of questions
about resupply, one of which asked whether
the Govet tunerit had asked for anything that
had then met been provided.
In Oct( her, the Embassy did respond to
the same questions, but listed only 9 tanks
as having not been replaced. Now Mr. Mar-
tiles new information adds another tangle
to the it sue. If, as he says, ammunition
expenditure was possibly as much as 50 per
cent less than the previous year, and if as
Gen. Mut ay says, resupply was only 25 per
cent less, how then could the United States
be falling short of one-for-one replacement,
at least of ammunition?
In paragraph 28, Mr. Martin does not ex-
plain how an airplane that Is considerably
more ma muverable and that flies at the
speed of nach 1.6 can be?under the Paris
Agreernen t?"of the same characteristics
and properties" as a plane that flies at mach
1.4 with less maneuverability. Nowhere does
the Paris Agreement say that the "same
characteristics and properties" criterion is
waived if he lost weapon "Is no longer avail-
able."
In any event, the United States supplies
every rifle, airplane, jeep, truck, mortar, bul-
let, bomt and artillery shell used by the
South Vie tnamese armed forces. It pays for
every gallen of fuel, every spare part, every
uniform, canteen and two-way radio. Mr.
Martin's denial notwithstanding, it pro-
vides two forms of economic aid that do pour
money two the Government's defense budg-
et, which pays troops' salaries. One is the
Commercasi Import Program, budgeted at
8275-million during 1973. Under the pro-
gram, a netnamese importer orders some
goods, such as steel, through the United
States Government, which then buys the
commodities with dollars, sells them to the
Importer for Vietnamese piasters and turns
the Oast. as over to the South Vietnamese
Governme nt for use throughout its budget.
Fifty-three per cent of the Government's
1973 bud tet went for defense. The second
program is Public Law 480, or "Food for
Peace." it which the United States provides
food by means of a similar mechanism as
80 per cert of the plasters are placed directly
into the South Vietnamese defense budget.
The remaining 20 per cent are used to pay
the Comn,erctal Import Program, except that
U S. mistion expenses in Vietnam. PL-480
totaled 4043-million in 1973.
CEASE-FIRE VIOLATIONS
Ever sit ice the cease-fire went into effect
on Jan. 211, 1973, American newspapers, news
magazine., and radio and television news-
casts have been full of eyewitness accounts
by Amin Man correspondents of specific
cease-fire violations Initiated by both the
Communists and the South Vietnamese.
Newsmen have reported on interviews with
villagers tans have been the victims of some
of these attacks, and on detailed descrip-
tions by Government soldiers, who never
seem to hesitate to tell about their of-
fensive against Communist-held areas.
Scarcely a day goes by without the wire
services 'sporting Government announce-
ments of :fluttery action, either by the Com-
munists of by itself. At least several times
each weer, those of us in the Saigon Bu-
reau of Tee Times recommend to our editors
In New Yerk that they run such stories, and
the most important ones are carried
routinely in the paper.
On the anniversary of the signing of the
Pere; Ag vement, just one month before
my article on American military aid, The
Times ran a front-page story by the Saigon
Bureau C hief, James M. Markham, report-
ing on t se continuing war, detailing the
military Intim; by both sides. Just a week
before m, story, Mr. Markham's series on
his visit- to a Vietcong area was published
in which he described being on the recent-
hug end ? Government Government shelling of the Com-
munist-held civilian village where he was
staying. lot long before, a CBS television
crew filmed such shelling of Vietcong vil-
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s lages. Virtually every, correspondent who
has been in ',Vieteettg_ areas' has witnessed
? incoming GoVerrinient 'artillery, fire. The
American civilian Horner *Ma an employe
of Pacific Architect's andaIltagineere who was
captured by the Vietcong, described in a
newts conference after hs raleaSe th q 7
ernment shelling and "beinbing that hit
Vietcong territory day and night. Last fall,
Tom Lippman of The Washington Post wit-
nessed napalm itrikea by Government air-
craft against North Vietnamese troops in
.BinhDards Province: r. Markham saw
? ,panalm :Used In Tayniiih'jl'rovinee about The
same, time. I watched goVernroent lijJlng
Just west of Cal Lay in the Mekong Delta.
,The artillery was directed against some
Vietcong flags tied to some trees; there was
-no 'return fire from, the 'ComMuniatS,,
Govermnent rt9g1onal Farce troops, includ-
ing a battalion eortiniander, described to Me
how -GOVerinaiSent ":sala Sliarea' ti-aad
; barrages culminating In ground assaults
drove ill-prepared illsprepared Vietcong troops from al
-.coaetal area inch:Wing the village of toai My,
.w14c4 tt#P Commuziist ad ie4 $iiice the
1.97a offensive. The, vlliagers confirmed that
"the Gaivernment attack had, taker:apiece, and,
told of Spending much of their lives in
,bunkers to avoid the frequent bombing and:
shelling that preceded the assault. James F.
Clarity of The New York' Times interviewed
Government fighter pilots who told him of
the* bombing missions. All these incidents
warp reported in the,preSa. trOnt-page treat-
meat in in Thel Times was 'given to the North
Vietnam* attack against two Government:
outpoSts in Quang Duc Province. The corn-
nihilist shelling of Bien I-foa airbase and the
aabotage of the Nlia Be fuel depot Were all
reported fully. The Government' itself an-
nounced that, its planes. had bombed Loc
adittla, a town about '75 Miles. mirth of ,5a4gen
that serves ram, 6 _Vieteong administrative
headquarters. 'The bombers so damaged the
airstrip that during the last prisoner ex-
change, the Govarnment could no longer fly
released Prisoners in by cargo plane, as they
had- done last July; they had to use heli-
.
Theae,xaimples ,ge on and on. It is hard to
,
Imagine that any reasonably diligent news-
paper reader Or television news watcher can
fail :to. be ?aware of the aage number of spe-
elfla cease-fire violatione Joy both sides. An
article dealing in depth with a complex sub-
ject such as United 'states Military aid ought
not :devote itself to a lengthy reiteration of
previously-reported incidents, but rather
summarize the general situation that the in-
cidents reflect, placing those summaries in
the context of the subject at hand. I realize
that In so doing, the correspondent writes on
the assumption that the reader brings to the
article a certain level of knowledge and
Sophistication., but I think that is a safe
asstirription for Prost ,New York Times readers.
In this context one of lar. Martin's main
arginnenta?that My article fails to docu-
ment Specific South Vietnamese violationA?
losea alt significance. I aumnsarized. , both
Communist and South Vietnamese violations,
,
rioting that the Government would "take the
Offensive ,at tirnek_lannehing intensive at-
tack's with ,aatillery and Jet fighters against
Vietesong-held territory," Au4 observing that
"Government troops . . have been seen re-
cently by , Western correspondents spraying
artillery across wide areas under' Vieteong
Central.. '"
As for the QPirnienniats, I wrote that they
"belie inaliataine4 military pressure through-
Out 'the c6iizitxy, inestly. with artillery and
rocket attacks_ on Oeverument outposts and,
from time to time, with devastating ground
atsmiltis against Governmentsheld positions."
Given these sentencea, high in the story, it
is impossible to understand ISAW Anthaaaadetr
artlin can write, in his paragraph 8, "Since
,there is no mention of ,the thtausands. of
NVAIVC violations of the pease-fire, the only
logical assumr I ,on is that Shinier considers
It a vfmation al the Parts_ Agreement only
when thesailili responds to !these attacks.",
His entire,anga eta in this aP3a LS based, on
a serious na.i.src,acling and, in one instance, a
misquotation 1 bat forms the basis of a long
line of argumea .
That occurs first in his paragraph 10,
where he mist! rotes my sentence that reads
as follows:
"United ratatar intelligence officials con-
tend that contaiuing America-a aerial recon-
naissance, as saill as prisoner interrogation
and radio mon oring, shows that the North
Vietnamese be se sent thousands of troops
and hundreds of tanks and artillery pieces
south in violet .on of the Perla agreements."
When Mr. Martin quotes that sentence in
his cable, be -resits the words "troops and
? hundreds of,- Illisting the sentence so it
appears' to ha S e read, "Thousands of tanks
and artillery' pees." Then he makes a con-
voluted analysis based on the misquote,
arguing that a ahipler's use ,of the word
'thousands' ghss the intended impression
that the U.S. has exaggerated the infiltration
of NVA weapoi y." He comes back to cap-
italize on his awn error later, in his para-
graph 27, static:: incorrectly, "Nor does he
mention anywhere in his artide the infiltra-
tion of combat inaops from North Vietnam
since the cease -tire, a fact well known to
- him." Actually -acie infiltration of troops was
mentioned twice in my article, once in the
high paragraph previously quoted, and later
In a paragraph toward the e:sd: "He [the
Ambassador] I. reported to have pressed
Washington to e ?ovide new weapons for Sai-
gon to counters t the infiltration of troops,
tanks and artill y from North Vietnam since
the cease-fire."
Far from attalapting to convey skepticism
about the U.S. l'itelligence reports, I tried
merely to desen he the manner in which they
have been ism ?as contentions. Simul-
taneously, T soy ant to give the reader some
hard indication of -the various sources of
these reports? ? ,erial reconnaissance . . .
prisoner i tion and radio monitoring,'
se that he co 3ld make up his own mind about
them.
Mr: Martin's description of the military
_
situation can la: found in his paragraphs 4
and 8. "The cc Jrse [of the, War] is set by
the continti_cus Lad continuing Communist
buildup and elf( I is of the RVNAF to protect
the population, iand and resources under
GVN control at ?hue of the cease-pro from
actual, militaryai ttacks mounted by the other
side." Then, be says that South Vietnam's
offensive actior s were "retaliatory strikes
such as the Oner: male after the Communists
shelled the "Bien Hoa air base and later de-
stroyed the Nha ;et petroleum ,$torage tanks
... the GVar isaa a publicly announced policy
of taking retaixt.ory action whenever the
0 attack GVN installations."
s Of course, dtplicate those
irt and parallel those of the
:ase propaganda since the
saed on the theme that their
are merely "punishments"
dininistration's land-grab-
Neither side's propaganda
sg, for if we were to accept
would mean that nobody is
the cease-fire at all. Obvi-
sre.
NVA/VC forees`t,
These'stateineril
of the dovernini.
CommUnistai
cease-fire has ha
military strikes
for the "Salgori
bing operations,'
is at all convine
both versions, it
really .viblathig-
ously, both skies
TME pampa ps TRIE PARIS AGREEMENT
Mr. Martin writes that Hanoi's sense of
the accord's sph was "that the Americans
would deliver Ea. Ath Vietnam bound hand
and foot into their hands." That may have
been Hanoi's ids. but, curiounly, the Am-
bassador gives u ao indication of Washing-
ton's view of the t airit of the agreement. In-
stead, he simply sets up a straw man and
knocks It down. 'I he best sense of the agree-
ment's spirit, as. it relates to the United
States, Is: probabiaa foupd in Chapter VIII of
S 14209
the accord itself, part of which reads as fol-
lows:
"The United States anticipates that this
Agreement will usher in an. era of reconcili-
ation with the Democratic Republic of Viet-
nam as with all the peoples of Indochina. In
pursuance of its traditional policy, the United
States will contribute to healing the wounds
of war and to postwar reconstruction of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam and
throughout Indochina . . this will ensure
stable peace in Vietnam and contribute to
the preservation of lasting peace in Indo-
china and Southeast Asia."
The United States might argue that the
Paris Agreement was too visionary, that its
goals were elusive from the start, that its
language was falsely optimistic as a de-
scription of U.S. expectations. It is clear
from Ambassador Martin's cable that the
United States does not anticipate "an era
of reconciliation." But certainly as long as
the document exists, a correspondent cannot
be blamed for using it as a benchmark
against which to measure the behavior of the
signatories.
Since the cease-fire, the course of the war
has been set less by the use of infantrymen
on ground sweeps than by the use of rela-
tively long-range weapons. At dusk, fire-
bases routinely begin shelling communist'
areas, whether or not an attack has been
launched. Communists send rockets or artil-
lery into Government areas. Government
planes fly scores of bombing Illissi.OGS a day.
Lately the Government has been on a series
of "mini-offensives" that attempt to clear
areas of Communist troops, and these of-
fensives depend entirely on heavy bombing
and artillery attacks, followed by sweeps of
troops. This kind of war could not be car-
ried on without enormous supplies of ammu-
nition and highly-skilled technicians to
maintain the maphines. For this, the United
States support is essential. The Pentagon re-
leased figures recently that show that under
the one-for-one replacement in the first year
after the cease-axe, the United States pro-
vided 54,291 five-hundred-pound bombs, for
example, and 25,172 two-hundred-fifty-pound
bombs. That is a lot of bombing. There were
also 5,810 napalm bombs, 111,786 aerial
rockets, 26,792,100 rounds of 7.62 mm ma-
chine-gun ammunition, 689,464 rounds of
20mm ammunition, and 180,412 tons of
ground arnmuniiton, which includes artil-
lery shells and small arms. This gives some
idea of the extent of the fighting, especially
if, as Mr. Martin asserts, the expenditure has
exceeded the one-for-one replacement cap-
ability of the United States.
POLITICAL RECONCILIATION
Again, Ambassador Martin could have
had his analysis of the political situation in
South Vietnam made part of my article had
he chosen to do so. In the absence of his
views, I relied on those of other diplomats in
Saigon who have watched events closely;
many of their versions differs from Mr.
Martin's. Again, too, the Ambassador's argu-
- ment is more with the provisions of the Paris
Agreement than with me. It is the Paris
Agreement that provides for all the freedoms
necessary to genuinely democratic elections.
If the Communists are using the tactic, as
Mr. Martin puts it, "to insist on the Items
enumerated by Shipler?particularly access
to the press," then they are merely invok-
ing the Paris Agreement. If the Ambassador
disagrees with the provisions of the Paris
Agreement then he should say so. Chapter
IV, Article 11 reads as follows:
"Immediately after the cease-fire, the two
South Vietnamese parties will:
Achieve national reconciliation and con-
cord, end hatred and enmity, prohibit all acts
of reprisal and discrimination against indi-
viduals or organiaatipns that have collab-
orated with one side of the other;
Ensure the democratic liberties of the
people: personal freedom, freedom of speech
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freedom of the press. freedom of meetlieg,
freedom of erganization, freedom of political
activities, freedom of belief, freedom of
movement, freedom a madame, freedom of
work, right to property ownership and right
to free enterprise."
The events In the political ipletre slnee
the eease-fire are precisely as I described
them In my story. Mr. Tbteu lane offered elev.-
tions, but without the freedom to meet, or-
ganize. have views disseminated in the press,
etc. II Ambassador Martin is correct that the
Communists would get only 10 percent of
the vote, why is Mr. Thien hesitating to al-
low them to campaign in an election? It is
as if the Republicans told the Dioneerats
that they could run, but that no newspap,r
or radio or television station could report
their ieews or even carry the name:: al their
candidates, that no candidate could pass out
leaflets, buy advertising Or hold rail tee
without being arrested or subjecting /els fol-
lowers to arrest, that nobody in Democratic
strongholds could vote and that the Repee-
licans would supervise the polling plams,
count the ballots and announce the results.
At the present time, Communists and sus-
pected Communists are still being arrestod
and imprisoned in South Vietnam ?anyone
can walk Into the Military Field Court In
Saigon and wretch their trials. Meetings of
opposition Deputies are routinely broken up
by the police. The Vietcong are no more tol-
erant of dissent, and one might argue that
truly free elections just cannot happen in
this country. But it is just wrong to say that
the Government is proceeding in ateord with
the Paris Agreement. and I doubt that Mr.
Marlin really believes thist.
WISCIELIANEOWS TOWITS Or DISACIIKEISLIZIIT
Them are brief responses to the additional
points of Mr. Martin's following peregreplo
Para. 13--W1thin 10 cloys after wilting this
cable, Mr. Martin apparently cheriged his
mind about the Importance of Ruislazi aid
Chinese resupply limits. In an on-the-record
interview with Philip A. McCombs of The
Washington Post, he said that the SOVAr
Union and China 'lam not resupplying with
massive weapons of war as they have con-
tinuously over the past years." lila other
point about JOSS ammunition needed for
fixed targets is well taken, and would have
been mentioned in the story if be had al-
lowed me to interview him a or his subordi-
nates,
Para. 15?The man point of tooluding, rs
tractors' politica abiereattone was not, to
report on Vietnamese atitaides, trit on the
views of the Americans, and to give I he
reader some Insight into the reLAIonsblps
that exist among the Americans and the
Vietnamese wbom they are suppood to he
teaching arid helping. That must ',lave been
clear to most Intelligent readers.
Para. 17?The fact that DA0 hal plain-ed
to dismantle itself came from Mrs. Ann
Bottorff, public affairs spokeswoman for DAO.
Mr. Marten's figure Of L.015 DAC) employes
conflicts with the Agues provided by John
F. Hogan, Jr.. the Ambassador's Prete At-
tache. Be gave me a Xeroxed. typed sheet a
paper listing the number of Americans in
each department The figure for DAO wee
1.147, which we rounded off to 1,150. file
paper aso listed 4,000 contract emplosee at
of July 1, 1973. I wrote orlelnally that the
current figure of 2,800 was "down rrom 4.009
last July." This was changed on the cep)
desk to "down 2.200 Arleta July." Obviously
the figure sbould have bean 1,200?the dif-
ference between 2,800 and 4,000. Apparehte,
there was a subtraction error or a lypo?
eraphIcal error on the desk. In any aivie. tie
Hogsn's figures still contradict Mr. Martins
Para. 24?Torture by pole.* and arrest o:
political dissidents have been decumentee
frequently in the past,? and will be SO SI3Att
In the near future. Two non-oommurest tile-
Meier:4e In part inc !et have bees wittier( about
by The prow recently? Tran Noe Chen end
Hitylih l'en Man,
Para 25--After I telepboned Oen* Buda,
dtrector of Conittuter Scheme Corporation.
to ak:I. ior an ni,..erview (which he seed he
USW. Ailli24..! 10 1,:lIar he informed me that he
had boo ! told l'y John W. Holmes, United
States, Age_ny lOr Intenestional Develop-
ment oieclel its charge of the Information
Systeet Ceeter, that be (Huth) could not
specie ,i ith me until he obtained approval
from e eta 1,. Hoists. I spoke with Mr. Holmes
on tee phone, and he confirmed that his
super ice, whom lie did not name. had ordered
Mr. Ipso-Is TO deny me an Interview unless
approved by Sir. Hogan. I spoke to Mr. Hogan,
and Mr. Mainies said be woule use speak to
Mr. lioeim, but Mr. Hogan never gave tits
perno-efin. Apparently the Ambassador was
never informed of this, for hr denies in his
cable teat the Embassy ordered any contrac-
tor e refuse to bee me. The Leer-Slegler tn-
(taco, look place in Danang. where Virgil
L. No: dot, Leer-Siegier's manager on Danang
milli:see, told me regretfully that his com-
pany heti been ordered by DA0 not to give
the proe, ally ilitormatiou, ,t.d that such a
etIptiea ten was. even written into nse com-
pany's contract with the Minim Depart-
ment
Pars 27- -Mr. Martin's lengthy recitation
of L11.1 (iosvs-rnmtot position here does noth-
ing to charge the fact that neither side bee
ellihig to let the ICCS function, either
Sri Insettetlees or in auditing incoming war
mate:
Pltrii 28- Arneessador Mit:wine wee answer-
ing rey spec-Me question about vreasther W.
Mart n or Ctenerel Murray had indicated that
they were pressing Saigon to averse the/
come-tiro. Ills answer is reported in fifth end
I don't think it conflict's with ar. Martin's
versee. if ros tol3Wirr.
DATH K. Solemn,
Stec March 22.1974.
NEV.' AM'i SERVICE: A TRIBUTE
ENATOR TAFT
Mr IILIGH OTT. Mr. President., /
would like to ta is opportunity to ex-
press my sincere titude to my distin-
guished colleague ? d friend, Rena
RODaKT Tarr, for p he p
tided in the effort be Am
rail passenger service
and Chicago via Erie, Pa
and Toledo, Ohio.
Tim proposal for this t
TAFT'S, and since last
worked hard to demonst
nom le and technical Tessin/RI
water level route. I am pl
tho he had the support of
atoi RICE ARD SCHWEIKER,
of the Pennsylvania Wagi
gati,E, and the Peonsylv
of Transportation.
Bonator Tarr WM in forefrcat of
this movement from beginning. He
called and chaired the ling on March
20 et this year, whersupporters of
this service, my ? ad, presented
our views to the of itanspor-
tattoo, Claude 8 Rrimsgar. Senator
Tar r also did tensive research to
prove that necessary passenger
equipment w; 'lable to run the truth_
The June announcement that the
U.S. liepa.rt a t of Transportation had
des, g nate d ston-to-Chkages as Use cx-
pet'inient Amtrak route for this year
was a w deserved triumph far Senator
Tarr. d for all of those Members of
Congress who worked with him for this
designatis n. We owe him our sincere
thanks for his leadership.
ADDRESi BY SENATOR JOHN S
MAN '..;00PER AT CO
MENT EXERCISES. GEORG
UNIVE 1.8ITY LAW CENTER
Mr. AL LEN. Mr. President, o of the
ablest an i most distinguished matoiw
ever to a rve in the UR. Sena was the
Honorabl3 John Sherman of
Kentuck3, who retired fros e Senate
in January 1873, greatly ed and
revered 1 y his colleagues is by the
people of his State and on whom he
had served so well.
The Sa sate has tor Cooper,
his tower ing intellect noble charac-
ter, his k fty ideals, is wise counsel.
Recent y, Senator' .per was honored
by Geon etown U. ,-;ty which con-
ferred an him its -' ...rary doctor of
laws deiree. On occasion Senator
Cooper &livered commencement ad-
dress on t subj t is most timely in
the light of tremendous problems
facing Use and the Nation.
Since Eesaa Cooper cannot now give
us the be of his views in a speech
delivered is forum, the next best
thing we to have a speech by him
printed Racona where all Senators
ram' see i. read it, r 71C1 where it can
be read historians, political scientists,
and r interested citizens. I ask,
theref. ,unanimous consent that Sen-
ator set's speech together with a copy
? I onorary degree conferred on
? r -Jooper by Georgetown Univer-
sity w .7.`enter be printed in the RECOsee.
e being no objectidt, the material
ordered to be printed in the Recows,
follon 5:
Ho: ZOITABLE JOEIN SHERMAN COOPER
ICE PEWEE TENT ARID DIRECTORS Or GEORGETOWN
COLLECT. TO ALL WHO SHALL VIEW THIS
*octane?: CREEEDIGS AND IERAC3 LTZ TELE
LOAD
We 1101 or a man today whose career has
shown th it the opportunity for public serv-
ice is a 7i/diem, to be cherished, not a chore
to be ave did. A skilled lawyer, he has served
le all bre lobes of our government se a mem-
ber of the -legislature and judge in his naive
Comm= iealth, as a member of our armed
forms in the fight against Nazi aggression,
as an Am ibsesador as well as a trusted ad-
visor to loth parties In the field of foreign
affairs se d finally as a senior and respected
member of the Senate of the United States.
All of Tba TCS duties he carried out with cour-
age and with a dignity that has been en-
sot diminished, by a good sense
urao. and a deep sense of personal he-
t iseportantly he hes carried out these
tth a deep-grained sense of per-
sonae emery which has been a source of
lespira to all who have worked with
loon e has made it clear that he Is
'one Ira s above doing a mean, cowardly
or (Intim tion, whatever might be the
telaptati in; ? who forms his own standard
of right and not swerve from it: one
who regards the ?Wails of the world much
but his t wn sell
We a,, now lir In a time when the
norecepte tn. is such many young people
lire shoe ming public If the republic
is ele sus viva, thee must continue to be
emcee', Georgetown University honors itself
by hoisting one who has shown that this
need not he the case, one who has spent most
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