FOR AN ALL ASIAN SETTLEMENT IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400100016-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: August 10, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

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18032
For Release 2005/06/29 CIA-RDP67B00446R000400100016-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 10, 1966
also remind you that to the best of my
recollection, Secretary Dillon never advocated
removal of the 41/4 percent interest rate ceil-
ing on long-term government bonds, as you
recently did before the House Ways and
Means Committee.
I will greatly appreciate your prompt at-
tention to these comments, particularly in
connection with the correction of the er-
roneous and ambiguous statements made by
Mr. Barr before the Senate Banking and
Currency Committee on August 4. These
statements must not be permitted to be part
of the official record of the Congress.
Sincerely,
WRIGHT PATMAN,
Chairman.
THE UNDER SECRETARY Or THE TREASURY,
Washington, D.C., August 10, 1966.
Hon. WRIGHT PATMAN,
Chairman, Committee on Banking and Cur-
rency, House of Representatives, Wash-
ington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Secretary Fowler has
asked me to reply to your letter of August 9,
1966 concerning my testimony before the
Senate Banking and Currency Committee last
week.
You are quite correct in stating that I mis-
represented the provision of H.R. 14026. I
evidently misunderstood Senator PRoxMIRE's
question, and I did not correct his statement.
I might add that none of the Treasury staff
who accompanied me caught this error, and
the lawyer who reviewed the transcript did
not notice it.
To set the record straight I have this morn-
ing sent to the Chairman of the Senate Bank-
ing and Currency Committee the following
letter and asked him to distribute It to his
Members.
"DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: On Thursday, Au-
gust 4, 1966, in testimony before your com-
mittee, Senator PRoxMIRE asked me the fol-
.lowing question: 'Yes, Mr. Barr, as I un-
derstand it, at one point the House Banking
Committee passed a proposal to have a flat
limitation of 41/2 percent on the interest pay-
ments. Was that to apply to negotiable cer-
tificates of deposit and what other savings
instruments?'
"I answered: 'Yes, sir; on all time and sav-
ings accounts, which would include negotia-
ble certificates of deposit.'
"I evidently thought that Senator PRox-
MME used the term 'considered' rather than
'passed' because my answer as printed is not
correct. The correct answer is as follows:
"'Senator PROXMIRE, the House Banking
and Currency Committee has reported H.R.
14026 which provides for a temporary one-
year ceiling of 41/2 percent on time deposits
below $100,000. Negotiable certificates of de-
posit are normally denominated in amounts
of $100,000 or more so H.R. 14026 as reported
would not have an appreciable impact on ne-
gotiable C.D.'s:
"I regret this misunderstanding, and r re-
gret that neither I nor the Treasury staff
caught this error before the record was
printed.
1 am not certain as to what line of ques-
tioning Senator PROxmrRE meant to pursue
in the subsequent colloquy. If he meant to
Inquire as to the impact of placing a ceiling
on all C.D 's, my answers would stand. If
he meant to inquire as to my opinions on the
impact of the provisions of H.R. 14026, I
would be pleased to supply this answer for
the record.
"Sincerely,
"JOSEPH W. BARR."
If Senator PROxMIRE asks me to comment
on H.R. 14026, I would state that the impact
of H.R. 14026 and a flat ceiling of 4%2 per-
cent on all C D: s is quite different. Under
the provisions of H.R. 14026 only about $18
billion out of an approximate $32 billion
total outstanding C.D: s is covered.
Thus, the Impact of H.R. 14026 would be
much less drastic than a flat ceiling of 41/2
percent on all C.D.'s. However, I have testi-
fled before your Committee that a law limit-
ing the rate on C.D.'s under $100,000 to 41/2
percent might well have unpredictable conse-
quences and that funds could move from
C.D.'s into money market instruments bear-
ing higher rates.
I have no comments on the other points
raised in your letter of August 9 and I be-
lieve that the complete record as it stands,
including the statements of the Federal
Home Loan Bank Board, the Federal Reserve
Board, and the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation give a fair portrayal of the ob-
jectives of the legislation supported by the
Coordinating Committee on Bank Supervi-
sion.
Permit me to say that I regret this error
in the record and appreciate the opportunity
to correct it at once.
Sincerely,
HEALTH EDUCATION
(Mr. CAREY (at the request of Mr,
GILLIGAN) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, since its
enactment in 1958, the National Defense
Education Act has had far-reaching ef-
fects in nearly every area of education.
From the basic act, which concen-
trated on the sciences, mathematics, for-
eign languages, and guidance, we have
progressed by including such areas as
English, reading, history, geography,
economics, industrial arts, programs for
the disadvantaged, school library per-
sonnel, and educational media specialists,
Since 1936 we have provided assistance,
including teacher training, In the field
of vocational education and with the
establishment of the National Founda-
tion on the Arts and Humanities we ac-
knowledged the importance of these
areas as well.
The one area in the curriculum which
to date has received little or no attention
from the Congress is that of health edu-
cation and the training of teachers in
that field. A great deal of confusion ex-
ists as to what constitutes adequate
health instruction. All too often it is
combined with other subjects and taught
by coaches whose primary interest is pro-
ducing winning teams, or by English and
home economics instructors.
Just as the Congress has rightfully es-
tablished and supported programs to
strengthen the academic, vocational, and
technical efforts of the Nation's schools,
it is imperative that we now recognize
the need to do the same for health edu-
cation so that it may be placed on the
same level as all other subjects.
The first bill which I am introducing
today would correct this oversight by
amending the National Defense Educa-
tion Act in two instances:
First. It would make possible the ac-
quisition of laboratory and other equip-
ment by elementary and secondary
schools under title III of the act so that
our children can be trained in modern
approaches to the health problems they
encounter in daily living.
Second. It would bring the teaching
of health in line with current develop-
ments by amending title XI to furnish
support for teacher training programs to
be conducted by our institutions of
higher learning in order that the quali-
fications of those who are or will be en-
gaged in the teaching of health subjects
can be improved. Fortunately, there are
a number of colleges and universities
presently offering specialized training in
health education at both the graduate
and undergraduate levels.
Health education has a number of
basic contributions to make to individual
achievement. Studies indicate a direct
correlation between physical fitness and
academic achievement, showing that
physical weakness is nearly 30 percent
higher in children of low mental ability
than in those of high intelligence. One
out of five children today cannot pass a
simple test of physical performance and
one-third of all American young men are
judged unfit for duty in the Armed
Forces for health reasons.
Like so many problems, the pattern of
physical neglect begins early in life and
the place to correct it is with our young.
Action on the amendments which I am
introducing today will strengthen health
instruction and provide training institute
for teachers in the field. Enactment of
this legislation will indicate to educators
throughout the country that the Con-
gress does subscribe to the concept of a
sound mind in a sound body.
Mr. Speaker, closely related to the
amendments I have just offered is a
second bill which I am also introducing
today to amend section 306 of the Public
Health Service Act to make school health
educators eligible for traineeships under
the act. Under the present interpreta-
tion of that section these persons are
denied such opportunities at Institutions
of higher learning that provide special-
ized training in public health and school
health education.
What is urgently needed today is a
national commitment to health educa-
tion from the first school years through-
out the individual's life.
The legislation I have introduced to-
day will provide the impetus and sup-
port to school and college health pro-
I ira0S.
FOR AN ALL ASIAN SETTLEMENT IN
VIETNAM
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from New
york [Mr. FARBSTEINI, is recognized for
15 minutes.
Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, like
many Members of this body, I have be-
come increasingly heartsick over the
tragic events occurring in Vietnam. More
and more of our sons have been sent to
fight there. More and more of them are
being killed. Yet the war seems no closer
to termination than it did a year or 2
years ago. Our President has, I am sure,
been doing everything possible to end the
war, using the strategy which to him
appears wisest. I think it is unquestion-
able that the national objective in Viet-
nam is peace. The dilemma, however,
has been how to achieve it.
In the hope of resolving the dilemma,
Mr. Speaker, I found gratification in the
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August 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --HOUSE
1962
1st 6 months
1966
Monday,
Aug. 8,
1966
(close of
High
Low
High
Low
business)
Eastern________-_-
27%
15%
123%
74
90%
National I---------
12%
1%
104%
65%
76%
Northwest '__-_---
TWA
16
14
b%
7
124%
101
58%
57%
1113
76?
.......
%
17%
%
9%
74%
49%
s
6034
1 Adjusted for 2-for-1 split in 1965.
2 Adjusted , for 2-for-i split in 1964 and 1966.
B Adjusted for 2-ford split in 1966.
Even if a share of these stocks were bought
at the 1962-highs and sold at the lows of the
first half of 1966, the gains would have been
from $32 per share, or 190 percent, to $53 per
share, or 442 percent.
On Monday, August 8, one month after the
strike started, the closing stock prices were
from 3 times to 11 times the highs of 1962-
200 percent to 1,000 percent above the 1962-
highs.
AIRLINE FARES
The last general airline rate increase was
February 1962-a 3-percent increase. Since
then, several small selective decreases have
taken place.
August 1962-Family plan, first-class dis-
count, 50 percent.
June 1965-Family plan coach-two-thirds
rate for second member and one-third for
others, except during peak periods.
August 1965-Baggage allowance liberal-
ized. United cut first-class tickets of over 700
miles by 2 to 15 percent. No jet surcharge
for short-haul jets.
March 1966-Twenty-five percent excursion
fare discount. Youth fares.
The rate of return on investment last year
for the 11 major airlines was 11.5 percent
compared with the allowable 10.5 percent
rate of return (allowable under CAB regula-
tions).
WESTERN GREYHOUND STRIKE
Earlier this year, the workers of Western
Greyhound were on strike for six weeks.
Western Greyhound covers eleven western
states. The average number of passengers
per day is 135,000. But there was no talk in
Washington of a national emergency.
The number of passengers per day on the
five struck airlines is 160,000. But almost as
soon as the strike started, there was talk of
a national emergency.
Moreover, the Western Greyhound strike
settlement provided $4.61 an hour for bus
mechanics (to $5.09 in June 1968)-but the
hourly rate for top-rated airline mechanics is
$3.52. Yet when a bus runs into mechanical
trouble, it can pull over to the side of the
road, There is no roadside shoulder for a
plane with mechanical trouble,
SERIOUS ERRORS IN TREASURY
DEPARTMENT TESTIMONY ON
CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT LEGIS-
LATION
(Mr. PATMAN (at the request of Mr.
GILLIGAN) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD, and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Au-
gust 9, I wrote Secretary of the Treasury
Fowler a letter pointing out serious mis-
statements of fact in the testimony of
Under Secretary Joseph W. Barr given
before the Senate Banking and Currency
Committee on August 4 concerning legis-
lative proposals to end the high Interest-
rate war between financial institutions.
Today I received a response to the let-
ter I wrote to Secretary Fowler from
Under Secretary Barr. In order that
Members of both Houses of Congress
might be fully informed of the significant
questions raised in this correspondence, I
insert my letter to Secretary Fowler and
Under Secretary Barr's response at this
point in the RECORD:
HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON BANKING
AND CURRENCY,
Washington, D.C., August 9, 1966.
Ron. lfieuaY H. FOWLER,
Secretary of the Treasury,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: After reviewing the
testimony of Under Secretary Barr given last
week before the Senate Committee on Bank-
ing and Currency on S. 3687 and other bills
related to the interest rate situation, I would
like to make several comments in regard
thereto.
In response to a comment by Senator
PaoxaniE, Under Secretary Barr stated that
the House Banking and Currency Committee
had approved a proposal with a flat 41/2 per-
cent limitation on all time and savings ac-
counts. As you well know, this is a de-
plorable misstatement of fact, and I must
register ray objection to this misrepresenta-
tion in the strongest possible terms. H.R.
14026 as reported by this Committee con-
tains a temporary, one-year ceiling of 41/2
percent on time deposits only and affects
only those under $100,000 in size. Mr. Barr's
testimony failed to include mention of these
most explicit conditions contained in R.R.
14026 with respect to the 41/2 percent ceiling.
Furthermore, he failed to mention that the
41/2 percent ceiling does not apply to re-
newals of presently outstanding CD's carry-
ing a higher rate nor that the bill provides
that the 41/s percent ceiling can be raised
by the appropriate agencies upon approval
of the President.
Furthermore, the essence of Mr. Barr's tes-
timony is that, if the 41/2 percent rate ceiling
is passed, it may very well cause a financial
panic and recession. Unfortunately, Under
Secretary Barr misled the Senate Banking
and Currency Committee-unintentionally,
I am sure--as to the action of the House
Banking and Currency Committee, and I am
hereby requesting that you take immediate
action to correct the record.
Mr. Barr's testimony also reveals a definite
uncertainty on his part as to the impact of
the Federal Reserve's action of last Decem-
ber 6 setting off the current rate war. At
one point, he states: "It seems clear first of
all that excessive competition for savings is
having a number of unfortunate effects that
deserve attention." Later on in his testi-
mony, Mr. Barr stated: "The purpose of this
legislation is two-fold, sir. One, it is to try
to curb any potential rate war that might
develop in this country . While prob..
ably just a matter of semantics, the seeming
contradiction in these two statements by
Mr. Bair indicate a hesitancy on the part of
the Treasury Department to even admit that
we do have at the present time excessive
interest rate competition of the worst kind
and that the results are present for all to
see. Perhaps if the Treasury Department
had a more concrete grasp of the facts of
the present situation, you would not have
found it necessary to.witch your position
several times on remedial legislation.
In this connection, I do not see how the
Treasury Can have any assurance that the
present rate war will be ended by increasing
the discretionary authority of the Federal Re-
serve Board over interest rates. For instance,
Senator DOUGLAS asked Mr. Barr this ques-
tion: "Do you know what rate the Federal
Reserve Board has in mind." Mr. Barr re-
sponded, "No, sir; we don't." Apparently,
you assume but you do not know that the
Federal Reserve Board would choose a figure
in the area of 5 percent for time deposits
18031
under $100,000. Let me call your attention
to Chairman Martin's testimony before the
House Committee last June 16 when he said,
"The 5 percent ceiling, as of last month,
would have had only a moderate overall
effect in curbing banks' ability to compete
for savings in small denominations. Only
about 190 banks were offering rates in May
exceeding 5 percent on consumer-type time
deposits." That the situation has not ma-
terially changed in this regard is evidenced
by Vice Chairman Robertson's statement be-
fore the Senate Committee the same day
that Mr. Barr testified-August 4. He said,
"In contrast to the 51/2 percent rate on
money market CD's, available evidence in-
dicates that relatively few banks are paying
more than 5 percent on other time deposits."
So, even if the Federal Reserve would do
what you have no assurance they will do,
the impact would be minimal and would cer-
tainly fail to relieve the terrible shortage
of mortgage funds which worsens day by day.
Furthermore, If the Federal Reserve Board
were really sincere in taking meaningful
action to end the rate war and helping the
housing situation, they would have used.
their present authority to increase the mini-
mum maturity on time deposits from the
present 30 days up to at least 90 days or six
months. Governor Robertson's testimony
was exceedingly clear on this point, giving
it his strongest personal recommendations.
Yet, the Federal Reserve Board has refused
to take this action which even the American
Bankers Association has endorsed.
I fail to see the source of your great con-
fidence that the Federal Reserve Board can
be depended upon to take voluntary action
to correct the mistake they made last Decem-
ber when they even refuse to admit that they
made a mistake in the first place.
I also would ask you whether in your of-
ficial position as Secretary of the Treasury
you support Mr. Barr's statement that "the
fact that the Federal Reserve Board has per-
mitted 51/2 percent on these large, very rate
sensitive CD's has contributed favorably to
our balance of payments position this year."
This seems to be an endorsement by the
Treasury Department of the now discredited
"Operation Twist". For example, Governor
Robertson of the Federal Reserve Board, who
is taking a leading role in the administra-
tion's balance of payments efforts, had this
to say about the fallacy of artifically high
short-term interest rates as a balance of pay-
ments weapon:
"Congressman TODD. I would appreciate
some statement from the Board as to what
errors may be contained in this paper be-
cause it indicates that operation Twist in-
creases the balance of payments by only $154
million and obviously this is not enough to
be worthwhile. It means that Operation
Twist was ill conceived,
"Mr. ROBERTSON. It was, and that ought to
be an answer to your paper."
If there is a disagreement, as it appears
to be, perhaps the Banking and Currency
Committee should hold hearings on this
question to consider the differing views. On
the other hand, if the Treasury Department
is in agreement with Governor Robertson's
statement, then I would hope that you would
see fit to correct the misleading inference
from Mr. Barr's testimony last week that
Operation Twist is still official government
policy. In any case, your Under Secretary
must certainly be aware that Congress has
by law specifically exempt foreign official
time deposits from the "Regulation Q" ceil-
ings. (76 Stat. 953) Mr. Barr somehow failed
to mention this crucial point. I might add
that one of the last official positions taken
by former Secretary of the Treasury C. Doug-
las Dillon-a Republican, as you recall-was
to criticize strongly the use of high, short-
term interest rates as a balance of payments
weapon. Mr. Dillon said that such a policy
would merely be self-defeating., I would
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August 10, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
report last week that the Government of
Thailand is making an effort to combine
with the other nonbelligerent nations of
Asia to end the Vietnamese war. The
Thai Government points out that Viet-
nam is an Asian problem that most fit-
tingly lends itself to solution by Asians.
With this contention, I am in total agree-
ment. The-Asian nations, meeting to-
gether, can be expected to make power-
ful and persuasive recommendations in
behalf of a settlement. I believe the
Governments of the Philippines, Malay-
sia, Japan, Indonesia, and several other
countries have already shown some in-
terest in the wise and foresighted Thai
proposal.
I have written to the Secretary of State
to urge that he offer very possible incen-
tive to these Asian states to find a fair
solution in Vietnam. I asked him to
communicate our sympathy to them. I
asked him further to say that we would
welcome their mediation ideas. I called
upon him to make clear that we do not
consider our national interest in conflict
with theirs.
I note with satisfaction, Mr. Speaker,
that since I sent my letter to the Sec-
retary, Mr. MANSFIELD, the distinguished
majority lea-der of the Senate, has ex-
pressed similar sentiments.
Mr. Speaker, I asked the Secretary of
State to make clear to the nations of
Asia that we would be pleased to with-
draw our troops from Vietnam in favor
of having Asian forces patrol a peace
settlement. I can foresee, for instance,
the strengthening of the forces in the
buffer zone between North and South
Vietnam. I would also approve of ex-
tending that buffer zone into the area
between Vietnam and its neighbors, Laos
and Cambodia. Asian troops in this land
would, I believe, be far more effective in
keeping the peace than troops from the
Western countries.
One might also predict, Mr. Speaker,
that Asians would be far more sensitive,
given their community of experience, to
the needs and desires of the Vietnamese
people than westerners can be. We who
have watched the Vietnamese war are
conscious of the many errors our Gov-
ernment, often in total good will, has
made. through lack of understanding.
The Injection of Asians into the effort
to make peace may be a key to a solution
that would appear fair to both sides.
The That Government suggests that, for
symbolic reasons, the next peace confer-
ence ought not to be in Geneva, but in
Bangkok or Jakarta. I agree with that
position, Mr. Speaker.
Finally, I might note in the That pro-
posals the opportunity to welcome back
Indonesia into the family of nations. By
its own choice, Indonesia has been a her-
mit state, in the diplomatic sense, for
some time. But recent events in Indo-
nesia have charged the situation com-
pletely. It is time for the world to wel-
come Indonesia back to the constructive
work that it can do as an energetic and
populous nation: This could be a satis-
fying corrollary to the Thai plan.
Mr. Speaker, the countries of Asia of
which I speak want neither Communist
nor American dominance in their affairs.
They know that their welfare depends,
above all, on stability in the Pacific area.
In my view, ours does too. I believe we
would be wise to put our confidence in
the Asian nations who show an interest
in acting as intermediaries for a peace
settlement. I am grieved than an end
to the war now seems so distant. I re-
gard the Thai initiative as a most hopeful
sign, which our Government should do
its utmost to support.
Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
The text of my letter of August 5 to
Hon. DEAN RUSK,
The Secretary of State,
The Department of State,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY. I find the information
very encouraging that the government of
Thailand has undertaken initiative to in-
volve other nations of Asia In a Vietnam
settlement. I believe it is quite appropriate
for Asian countries to look upon the Vietnam
dispute as essentially an Asian matter. Their
interest in resolving the matter is extremely
gratifying.
I would like to urge you to give every
incentive to these Asian states, led by Thai-
land, to find a fair solution to the war in
Vietnam. I suggest that our sympathy for
their objectives be communicated to them.
I would go farther and say that we would
welcome their mediation proposals. I be-
lieve it should be made clear that we do not
consider our national interest in conflict
with theirs.
I foresee, as another advantage to the That
proposals, an opportunity to welcome back
Indonesia into the family of responsible na-
tions. Indonesia's participation in peace-
making activities would lend substantial
weight to any program put forth.
I think we should make it particularly clear
that we would favor a substitution of Asian
forces for our own to patrol any peace settle-
ment, that Is reached. I? believe it would be
very salutary if some means could be found
to extend the buffer zone not only between
south and North Vietnam but also between
Vietnam and its neighbors. I would be
anxious to have Asians in the buffer zone
between North and South Vietnam and along
the Laotian and Cambodian borders. Such
troops would be more influential than ours,
I believe, in safeguarding the stability of a
settlement.
Most important, I believe we must put our
confidence in the Asian nations who show an
interest in acting as intermediaries for a
peace settlement. They know that their own
welfare depends, in large measure, on stability
in the Pacific area. They want neither
American nor Communist domination. I be-
lieve they would be sensitive to the desires
of the Vietnamese people. I regard the Thai
initiative as a most hopeful sign, which our
Government should do its utmost to support.
Sincerely yours, ,
LEONARD FARDSTEIN,
Member of Congress.
HEALTH EDUCATION
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Rhode
Island [Mr. FOGARTY] is recognized for
30 minutes.
Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, in the
event Members have not seen it, I rec-
ommend that you read the article pub-
lished in the May issue of Today's Health
entitled "What Our Kids Don't Know
About Health." I believe you will be as
amazed as I was to learn how many mis-
conceptions the average schoolchild has
in relation to his own health and well
being. This situation exists despite the
18033
fact that during the past three sessions,
Congress has enacted 20 landmark meas-
ures in health and 19 in education. Ap-
propriations for health programs have
doubled and the budget for the Office of
Education has been increased more than
fivefold.
Major achievements in the health field
include the medicare program; increased
health services to domestic migrant agri-
cultural workers;' expanded maternal
and child health and crippled children's
programs; 32 new clinics for retarded
children; construction assistance for
1,300 hospital and health facilities to add
more than 56,000 new hospital beds; fi-
nancial support for more than 16,000
medical research projects and advanced
training for 25,000 scientists, construc-
tion starts for 62 institutions to enroll
more than 2,400 additional students each
year for training in the health profes-
sions.
Equally impressive are the accomplish-
ments in education, including funds to
improve educational opportunities for
nearly 7V2 million underprivileged chil-
dren in 20,000 school districts; summer
Headstart programs for 560,000 pre-
school children in 13,350 community edu-
cation projects and year-round programs
for 120,000 children; textbooks and other
learning materials for more than 40 mil-
lion children in every State; college
work-study programs for more than
110,000 needy college students; and con-
?struction aid for 1,300 institutions of
higher learning-including new class-
rooms, laboratories, and libraries.
All these are testimony to the fact
that this Nation is becoming increasingly
conscious of the advantages of good
health and education. The thing that
concerns me, however, and it should con-
cern you, is the fact that the results of
the money spent in health research are
not being taught with the money allo-
cated to education in practical, everyday
language-capable of daily application.
Children need to know about personal
health practices such as care of eyes, ears,
and teeth. They need an understanding
of community health agencies and the
services they provide related to health
care, air and water pollution, sanitation
fluoridation of water, and similar serv-
ices. With television commercials de-
picting cigarette smoking, the drinking
of some particular brand of beer, the
purchase of brand X cosmetic as as-
surance that it will make one more at-
tractive, there is a great need for stu-
dents to know the basic facts about
smoking, drinking, grooming nostrums-
all those items we are repeatedly urged
to buy.
. There has been great misunderstand-
ing about just what constitutes health
education. It has been combined with
physical education instruction on some
occasions and taught by coaches whose
primary interest is producing winning
ball teams or by teachers trained to
teach English or home economics or
whatever. I strongly favor winning ball
teams and good English, but let us not
lose sight of both objectives. Qualified
health educators should be placed in
schools to teach health education as an
academic subject requiring the same in-
structional materials, and facilities as
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18034
those provided for other academic sub-
jects.
Many of us saw and probably took the
national health test which was telecast
by the Columbia Broadcasting System.
You must have shared my shock at the
inferior level of understanding which was
revealed. More than one-half the par-
Ucipating audience failed this elemen-
tary test of health knowledge. This con-
firms what the experts tell us-parents
are no more equipped to teach children
necessary health concepts than to teach
them math or science. And our present
methods of school instruction is no
better.
Very pertinent to this problem was the
school health education study, guided by
an outstanding committee of physicians,
educators, public health personnel, and
school administrators, who conducted a
nationwide study which included over
18,000 students In grades 6, 9, and 12 who
were tested to determine what they know
and do about their health. This study,
housed in the National Education Asso-
ciation, determined where health educa-
tion is taught, how it is organized and
scheduled, who teaches it, how it is
taught, who receives the instruction,
what areas of health are emphasized, and
what are the major problems confront-
ing administrators. Glaring weaknesses
and deficiencies were revealed In the
areas of alcohol education, community
health programs, consumer health edu-
cation, environmental hazards, health
careers, international health activities,
nutrition and weight control, family life,
smoking, venereal disease education, and
others. The cause for these deficiencies
was found to stem from grossly inade-
quate school instruction, including, first,
lack of support for and understanding
of the value of health education; second,
Inadequate time for instruction and fail-
ure to use time provided effectively;
third, a lack of qualified personnel as-
signed to health instruction; fourth, a
lack of progression in what is taught;
fifth, repetition on some health topics
and complete neglect of others; sixth, a
need for local and State supervisory and
consultant services; and seventh, a lack
of teaching materials and facilities that
are provided in other subject areas.
This study revealed that financial sup-
port Is urgently needed for: first, instruc-
tional equipment, library and other ma-
terials; second, advanced study insti-
tutes for teachers and supervisors in
service; and third, traineeships to meet
the critical demand for qualified person-
nel in colleges and universities that pre-
pare teachers.
All three of these immediate needs can
be provided for by modification of exist-
ing legislation. The first two would be
covered by the National Defense Educa-
tion Act if titles III and XI were extended
to include health education.
My first bill would make it possible
for elementary and secondary schools,
under title III of the National Defense
Education Act, to acquire laboratory and
other equipment necessary to train our
chooichildren in a modern fashion
about the health problems which they
encounter daily. It would help bring
the teaching of health from the horse
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 10, 1966
and buggy days to the jet age in which
we live. The amendment to 'title XI
would furnish support for teacher train-
ing institutes conducted in our institu-
tions of higher education to improve the
qualifications of persons who are or will
engage in teaching health education or
in the supervising or training of teachers
of health education. There are a num-
ber of colleges and universities through-
out the country which offer specialized
training in health education both on the
undergraduate and graduate levels.
There are, In fact, 48 which offer a
bachelor's program, 50 which offer. a
master's program, and 26 which offer a
program at the doctoral level.
My second bill would amend section
306 of the Public Health Service Act
to make it perfectly clear that the
traineeships for professional public
health personnel authorized under this
section would be available to individuals
who wish to increase their competence
in the teaching of health education. I
am informed that the persent interpre-
tation of section 306 has been such as to
deny these persons receiving trainee-
ships at institutions of learning which
provide specialized training In public
health and school health education.
Amendments to the two acts would
provide tremendous impetus and support
to school and college health programs
and could have a significant impact on
health instruction.
In essence, what is needed, and what
I urge, is a national commitment to
health education from the first school
years throughout the span of a person's
life. To help solve this problem, I am
introducing today two bills to strengthen
the health education programs of the
schools of this Nation which, when en-
acted, will dramatically enhance the op-
portunity for our children to know the
facts about their own health and better
prepare them to make future decisions
in their own best interests.
I yield to the gentleman from Wiscon-
sin [Mr. LATRDI.
Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, I am
pleased. to sponsor, along with the Con-
gressman from Rhode Island [Mr.
FOGARTY], two bills which will materially
improve the teaching of health in the
elementary and secondary schools of this
country. During the course of the past
number of years, our Appropriations
Subcommittee has heard countless hours
of testimony relative to both the health
programs and the 'education programs of
this Nation. I have always been con-
cerned somewhat by the fact that there
has not seemed to be any effective tying
together of these two programs. We
have appropriated large sums of money
for medical research and health pro-
grams. We have appropriated large
sums of money to support the educa-
tional programs of the elementary and
secondary and schools of higher learn-
ing in this Nation.
I was just as appalled, as was the gen-
tleman from Rhode Island, and as I am
sure were the other Members of this
House, by the tragically poor score that
was the result of the CBS national
health test. As I have thought seriously
about this problem, I am more and more
forced to the conclusion that perhaps,
to some degree at least, we have gotten
the cart before the horse. It is awfully
difficult to expect people to know some-
thing that they have never learned.
Now, I want to make it perfectly clear
to Members of the House precisely what
we are talking about. We are talking
about instructions in health. We are
not talking about physical fitness. We
are not talking about physical education.
We are talking about the better instruct-
ing of children in our elementary and
secondary school systems about the true
facts as they relate to their own personal
health and to their community's health.
There are many number of examples of
what I am speaking about, but let me
cite just one. Studies show that our
young people are beginning the habit of
cigarette smoking at an increasingly
early age. The reason for this trend Is
not known, although there is much spec-
ulation about it. But I believe that it
would be in the best interests of every-
one if children were taught and could
understand early in life what it means to
them to acquire what for many is a life-
long habit.
The bills which we are introducing to-
day would do three things, and I would
like to explain exactly what is intended.
First of all, title III of the National De-
fense Educational Assistance Act would
be amended so that equipment needed
for the modern-day teaching of health
education would be available in the ele-
mentary and secondary schools. Now
the kinds of equipment to which I refer
would include audiovisual materials
such as films, filmstrips, slides, record-
ings, posters, charts, vision and hearing
testing equipment, displays, and video-
tapes for closed-circuit television. It
would also include simple laboratory
for practical experiments where certain
essential foods are denied in the diet.
These would provide a visual experience
for schoolchildren and bring to them
very graphically the precise need for a
balanced diet and well-rounded nutri-
tional habits.
Second, the bill would amend title XI
of the National Defense Educational
Assistance Act so that institutions of
higher learning could conduct short.-
term courses and institutes whereby
teachers in our school systems could be
trained in the modern techniques of
teaching health education and be
brought up to date on the latest scien-
tific knowledge as It relates to health.
and the health of schoolchildren. This
would also afford an opportunity for the
programing of health teaching in schools
so that some items are not repeated and
others omitted completely. Please bear
in mind that the curriculums of these
schools now include teaching in health
practices or health habits and health
education, but this is done in a most hap-
hazard fashion. A recent study of school
health education, referred to by the gen-
tleman from Rhode Island, points out
the fact that inadequate time for instruc-
tion, the lack of qualified teaching per-
sonnel, and a lack of progression in what
Is taught with a repetition of some topics
and the neglect of others is contributing
to the presently extremely deficient sit-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE - August 10, 1966
SEC. 3. Payments made pursuant to part D
of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (as
added by the first section of this Act) shall,
for purposes of section 103(c) of the Social
Security Amendments of 1965, be regarded
as payments made under part A of such title
XVIII.
SEC. 4. The amendments made by the pre-
ceding provisions of this Act are repealed
effective July 1, 1968.
'ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS
CUBAN REFUGEES
Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr.
President, earlier today I introduced a
bill to amend the Immigration and Na-
tionality Act, and permit the adjustment
of status of Cuban refugees in the United
States.
My bill eliminates the technical re-
quirement which requires aliens such as
Cuban refugees to leave this country and
reenter in order to become eligible for
permanent residence and eventual citi-
zenship. I do not question this require-
ment for aliens who come to our coun-
try through normal procedure and In
casual circumstances, and then elect to
have their status adjusted to that of
permanent resident. I believe, however,
the requirement has little justification
in the case of refugees from Cuba. Their
entry Into this country is anything but
normal and casual-they are under
duress and fleeing oppression.
I should point out the bill I am in-
troducing today would make retroactive
the refugee's application for adjustment
of status, to the time of his last entry
into the United States. This is just and
equitable.
The talents of many Cuban refugees
are going to waste because State profes-
sional licensing laws keep those without
permanent residence status from prac-
ticing their skills and professions. This
situation, and the expensive and labori-
ous procedure to obtain this status under
present law, is keeping refugees in vari-
ous difficult circumstances, which do not
befit our humanitarian traditions.
I am thinking of examples all over our
country, where, because of their immi-
gration status, qualified Cubans have
been unable to teach Spanish in the local
schools.
I am thinking of similar problems In-
volving Cuban doctors, dentists, nurses,
lawyers, skilled workers, and others. It
is obvious that such refugees could fill
an urgent need in our society if given
the opportunity for adjustment of status.
Moreover, the parole status of many
Cuban refugees has inhibited the rather
substantial Federal program of assist-
ance administered by the Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare. The
purpose of this program is to give effec-
tive asylum by providing the refugees
with opportunities for self-support. Ap-
proximately $42 million in Federal funds
were spent in the last fiscal year in the
Cuban refugee program. The figure for
the current fiscal year will approach
$51 million, and officials in the executive
branch have indicated a rise in that
amount can be anticipated for fiscal
year 1968.
These sizable amounts Indicate clearly
the importance that these funds be di-
rected toward making the refugees self-
sufficient, so that we can anticipate a title, and referred to the Committee on
decline in expenditures in future years. the Judiciary.
The bill I offer today will be extremely
helpful in this matter. JOINT RESOLUTION TO AUTHORIZE
I would also hope, Mr. President, that A COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION
of Cn action refugees on adjusting would ng the e status encourage the SYSTEM TO PROVIDE STATE AND
of Cuban u
resettlement of some refugees to other LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WITH IN-
countries In this hemisphere, where FORMATION ON FEDERAL PRO-
refugee talent would contribute to eco- GRAMS
nomic, political, and social development. Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr.
Today, however,
Unit,ted refugees States. hesitant t President, I introduce, for appropriate
leave the e . Under Under their heir reference, a joint resolution authorizing
, for the Advisory Commission on Intergov-
they eent are immigration ot m assured of status reentry y if, for parolees,
reasons, they choose Relations to study and investi-
b will help to o remedy this s return. My gate the feasibility and design of an in-
billl will help
Mr. for some time I have system which would enable
. President, and localities to participate more
been problem I very much have for outlined concerned with the he effectively in federally assisted programs
of the Judiciary tod today, and Subcommittee and to provide Congress and the Presi-
ohairm airman dent with a better measure of State and
on Refugees and Escapees, peess, , have have con- - local needs and performance under these
ington and elsewhere which dramatically
document the need for the legislation
which I have proposed today. Recently,
on July 14, Secretary of State Dean Rusk
in response to questions before the sub-
committee on refugees said he placed a
"high priority" on legislation to adjust
the status of Cuban refugees, and he
strongly urged the Congress to take ac-
tion in this important matter. Legisla-
tion is also supported by the Depart-
ments of Justice, and Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare.
The adjustment of status for Cuban
refugees has been pending in the Senate
since February 1962, when our very able
and distinguished colleague and former
chairman of the Subcommittee on
Refugees, Senator HART, first introduced
a bill for this purpose. And I want to pay
tribute to the Senator from Michigan for
his leadership In this area. The Senate,
In fact, provided for the adjustment of
status for Cuban refugees in the general
Immigration bill passed during the last
session. Unfortunately, this provision
was deleted at the last minute in Con-
gress. I am delighted to note that hear-
ings on this subject are being held in the
other body.
As Senators know, the record in the
Senate is rather extensive on this matter.
In order to consider the bill which I in-
troduced today, and another related bill,
of which I am a cosponsor, the distin-
guished chairman of the Judiciary Com-
mittee, and chairman of the Subcommit-
tee on Immigration, has scheduled a
public hearing to be held on Tuesday
morning August 16. The witnesses will
include officials from the Department of
State, the Department of Justice, the De-
partment of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare, and a representative from the
American Council of Voluntary Agen-
cies.
Legislative action adjusting the status
of Cuban refugees in the United States
is long overdue, and I hope the Senate
will quickly reaffirm its consensus of 1965
on this matter. .
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be received and appropriately
referred.
The bill (S. 3712) to amend section 245
of the Immigration and Nationality Act,
introduced by Mr. KENNEDY of Massa-
programs.
The relationship between the Federal
Government and State and local gov-
ernments is an increasing paradox: As
more and more Federal programs become
available, State and local governments
become less and less able to sort them out
and decide which ones could help them
most. The Federal programs are benefi-
cial; the State and local governments
want to benefit from them. But the very
proliferation of Federal programs is be-
wildering to the local communities for
which they are designed. And this be-
wilderment is working against the crea-
tive federalism which President Johnson
spoke of 2 years ago in a historic speech
at Ann Arbor, Mich.: A federalism based
on local initiative, Federal support, and
close cooperation between Washington
and city hall.
No one in this Chamber knows more
about the problems of making creative
federalism work than the distinguished
junior Senator from Maine. As chair-
man of the Senate Subcommittee on
Intergovernmental Relations, Senator
MusxrE has dedicated his energies to
finding ways by which we can strengthen
the cooperative basis of our Federal sys-
tem.
The 3-year study recently completed
by his subcommittee makes clear the
benefits of creative federalism, and it also
makes clear the problems which are
raised by confusion and a lack of co-
ordination between levels of government.
Senator Musx1E has introduced a host of
extremely constructive legislative pro-
posals to overcome these problems.
The legislation I Introduce today sup-
plements his efforts and the efforts of
others to build efficiency into Govern-
ment. It is directed at one very im-
portant part of the overall problem-
the need to build an effective communi-
cations system between local, State and
Federal levels of government.
We are all aware of the dramatic rise
in the demands on State and local gov-
ernments. This rise reflects increased
public needs and responsibilities which
have been shouldered by local officials.
And there is every indication that these
needs will grow because of the innumer-
able problems associated with urbaniza-
tion, economic expansion, and population
growth.
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August 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -? SENATE
participating under the program provided
under such part A; to the Committee on
Finance.
(See the remarks of Mr. TALMADGE when he
introduced the above bill, which appear
under a separate heading.)
By Mr. DOMINICK:
S. 3710. A bill for the relief of Chief Petty
Officer James G. Dole, U.S. Navy; to the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary.
By Mr. SPARKMAN:
S. 3711. A bill to amend and extend laws
relating to housing and urban development,
and for other purposes; placed on the calen-
dar.
(See reference to the above bill when re-
ported by Mr. SPARKMAN, which appears
under the heading "Reports of Committees".)
By Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts:
S. 3712. A bill to amend section 245 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act; to the
Committee on the Judiciary.
(See the remarks of Mr. KENNEDY of Massa-
chusetts when he introduced the above bill,
which appear under a separate heading.)
By Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts:
S.J. Res. 187. Joint resolution to authorize
a study and investigation of an information
service system for States and localities de-
signed to enable such States and localities
to more effectively participate in federally
assisted programs and to provide Congress
and the President with a better measure of
State and local needs and performance under
these programs; to the Committee on Gov-
ernment Operations.
(See the remarks of Mr. KENNEDY of Mas-
sachusetts when he introduced the above
joint resolution, which appear under a sep-
arate heading.)
AMENDMENT OF TITLE XVIII OF
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, RELATING
TO CERTAIN HOSPITAL INPA-
TIENT AND OUTPATIENT
SERVICES
Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, the
basic purpose of medicare is to pay the
hospital bills of older people. But, as
matters now stand, many older Ameri-
cans, through no fault of their own, will
not have those hospital bills paid. They
will not have those bills paid because of
the fact that their local hospital does not
participate in the medicare plan. That
hospital may very well be the only medi-
cal institution in an area of many miles.
'T'hese nonparticipating hospitals are
staying out of medicare for a variety of
reasons. They may not be able to meet
the standards of quality of care required,
or they may be unwilling or unable to
comply with the title VI requirements of
the Civil Rights Act.
The key point which has been com-
pletely overlooked in all of this hoopla
is that the older person-of whatever
race-is the one who suffers most in this
situation. The hospital has a choice as
to whether it wants to participate. The
older individual, however, has no choice
in the matter. He does not pick his hos-
pital. He goes to the hospital with
which his doctor is affiliated. The doc-
tor chooses the time and place of treat-
ment-not the sick old person.
When his doctor happens to be on the
medical staff of a hospital which is not
participating in medicare, the older per-
son has just two equally unfair choices.
In order to get his care paid for, he can
abandon the doctor who may have cared
for him for 20, 30, or even 40 years and
try to find a new physician on the staff
18097
of a participating hospital. In this case, to introduce clever and artistic legislative
a longstanding relationship of trust and loopholes into medicare.
understanding must go down the drain so What I want to see to, Mr. President, is
that dollars can change hands in accord- that every older American who needs
ante with regulations. The alternative and receives hospital care will have that
to this sacrifice for the sick old man is care paid for in accordance with the U.S.
for him to just dig down deep and pay Government's commitment. Let us
for care out of his own pocket. honor and fulfill our promise. And that
Those are tragic and terrible choices promise was made to people-not hos-
to force upon sick, helpless, older Ameri- pitals.
cans. Medicare was supposed to relieve Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
the "financial nightmare" of illness- sent that the text of this will be printed
and not to substitute one bad dream for at the conclusion of my remarks.
another. The PRESIDING OFFICER. (Mr.
Now, I can understand that the ad- RUSSELL of South Carolina in the chair).
ministration wants these hospitals to The bill will be received and appropri
meet all of its tests and standards. But ately referred; and, without objection,
the primary obligation of medicare is to the bill will be printed in the RECORD.
the older people of this country-all of The bill (S. 3709) to amend title XVIII
the older people of this country. The of the Social Security Act and related
Congress intended that every single older provisions of other acts to permit ind.i-
person who needed hospital care would viduals insured for benefits under part
tth 4-
6' a care paid for-at least In large
part. Of course, I do not think we in-
tended to pay for care in a substandard
hospital-substandard in the sense that
it did not meet proper medical standards.
But, any refusal to pay for necessary
care-other than that in medically sub-
standard institutions-reneges on our
promise to 19 million aged Americans.
Mr. President, the bill which I now
introduce, for appropriate reference, is
specifically designed to help fulfill that
congressional promise to our fine older
people.
My bill would pay directly to the older
medicare beneficiary 75 percent of the
reasonable charges for his treatment in
a hospital which is not participating in
the medicare program. In order to as-
sure that the care was provided in a hos-
pital meeting proper medical standards,
payments would be made only if the
treatment were in a hospital accredited
by the Joint Commission on Accredita-
tion of Hospitals or the American Osteo-
pathic Association.
This benefit, effective as of July 1, 1966,
would be available until July 1, 1968, so
as to provide a reasonable transitional
period during which many hospitals
might make the adjustments and deci-
sions necessary to permit them to par-
ticipate in the medicare program. The
Congress could reevaluate the situation
in 1968, when the benefit would expire.
The reason for selecting 75 percent as
the basis for reimbursement was to offer
significant assistance to the aged-but
in an amount not great enough to offer
hospitals a financial incentive to con-
tinue to stay out of the medicare pro-
gram.
Benefits available under this transi-
tional provision would essentially be sub-
ject to the standard medicare limitations
inpatient hospital services and outpatient
hospital diagnostic services furnished to
them by certain hospitals not participat-
ing under the program provided under
such part A, introduced by Mr. TALMADGE,
was received, read twice by its title,
referred to the Committee on Finance,
and ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
S. 3709
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That tittle
XVIII of the Social Security Act is amended
by adding at the end thereof the following
new part:
"PART C-TEMPORARY PROVISIONS FOR SPECIAL
INSURANCE BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN
SERVICES PROVIDED BY CERTAIN
HOSPITALS NOT PARTICIPATING
UNDER PART A
"ENTITLEMENT; BENEFITS
"SEC. 1891. Any individual who, prior to
July 1, 1968, receives inpatient hospital serv-
ices, or outpatient hospital diagonstic serv-
ices with respect to which-
"(1) he is not entitled to hospital insur-
ance benefits provided under part A, and
"(2) he would have been entitled to hos-
pital insurance benefits provided under
part A. if the hospital furnishing such serv-
ices (whether directly or under arrange-
ments, as defined in section 1861(w), with
it) had, at the time such services were fur-
nished, had an agreement in effect under this
title,
shall be entitled to receive a money pay-
ment, with respect to such services, equal
to 75 per centum of the amount of the
actual and reasonable charge imposed by,
such hospital for such services, if the hos-
pital furnishing such services (whether di-
rectly or under such arrangements with it)
is accredited as a hospital by the Joint Com.
mission on Accreditation of Hospitals or the
American Osteopathic Association.
on days of care authorized, kinds of sere- "PAYMENTS
ices for which payment might be made, ",SEC. 1892. Payments to which individuals
etc. The overall limitations would apply are entitled under section 1891 shall be paid
upon application therefor to the Secretary
regardless of whether care was.'provided (submitted in such form and manner, and
in participating or nonparticipating containing such information as the Secretary
hospitals. shall by regulations prescribe), and shall
Mr. President, the proposal I offer is be paid by the Secretary from the Federal,
not intended to serve as a means of en- Hospital Insurance Trust Fund prior to
audit
S ng is2esettlement by the General Account-
abling hospitals to evade the Civil Rights in
Act or any other legislation which may Orri."
or may not apply to Medicare. I Want SEC. Section 1861(e) the i of ehpart Social thereof
to assure Members of the Senate that my curity h Act is s paragraph a(1, b rt
intention in developing this bill was not -sectionr1891 after "s ction)1814(d)sortfng
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 August 10, 19 pproved For CONGRESSIONAL EC DD67 SENATRE 00400100016-0
lated in the American way of life within
one generation.
However, I can briefly note that the
Order of AHEPA has provided the type
of leadership that has given great in-
centive to the Greek immigrant and his
family that has brought forth outstand-
ing businessmen, labor leaders, profes-
sional men, educators, churchmen, art-
ists, writers, and leading figures in public
life. George Christopher, former mayor
of San Francisco, came to America as a
Greek immigrant boy and Congressman
JOHN BRADEMAS is the son of a Greek
immigrant. Christopher is a Republican
and BRADEMAS is a Democrat. I say this
is an excellent example of the Greek im-
migrant becoming fully assimilated in
the American way of life.
The Order of AHEPA with other na-
tional Greek-American organizations in
the early twenties helped to build church
communities throughout the United
States. AHEPA provided millions of
dollars in scholarships to aid young men
and women to gain a college education;
urged its members and fellow Greek-
Americans to become active in public
affairs and public office; exercised its
constitutional right of petition in urging
Congress to amend the various immigra-
tion acts and special acts to aid immi-
grants from all foreign nations to come
to America, to grant to Eastern-Greek-
Orthodox faith a major religious faith
status in the United States; and most
important, urged the Americans of Hel-
lenic linage to become outstanding
American citizens while at the same time
preserving the great Hellenic heritage
that gave so much to the world and
America.
Mr. President, I know that the dele-
gates to the AHEPA convention will give
serious consideration to both domestic
and international problems that will
come within the expertise of the con-
vention's special committees and have
these views made known to their repre-
sentatives in Congress.
Mr. President, for the information of
the readers of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
I ask unanimous consent to insert in the
RECORD some of the basic facts concern-
ing the Order of AHEPA.
There being no objection, the ma-
terial was ordered to be printed in tht
RECORD, as follows:
Founded July 26, 1922 in Atlanta, Georgia.
Local chapters: Order of AHEPA, 459
Chapters. Daughters of Penelope, 345
Chapters. Sons of Pericles, 165 Chapters.
Maids of Athena, 156 Chapters. The AHEPA
family (Order of Ahepa and its three Auxili-
aries) have a total of 1,125 Local Chapters.
Objects, purposes of the AHEPA: The
Objects and Purposes of the Order of Ahepa
are: (a) To promote and encourage loyalty
of its members to the country of which they
are citizens (b) To instruct its members in
the tenets and fundamental principles of
government (c) To instill a due appreciation
of the privileges of Citizenship (d) To en-
courage interest and active participation in
the political, civic, social and commercial
- fields of human endeavor (e) To pledge its
-members to oppose political corruption and
tyranny (f) To promote a better and more
comprehensive understanding of the attri-
butes and Ideals of Hellenism and Hellenic
Culture (g) To promote good fellowship,
&nd endow its members with a spirit of
altruism, common understanding, mutual
benevolence and helpfulness to their fellow
man (h) To endow its members with the
perfection of the moral sense (1) To promote
Education and maintain new channels for
facilitating the dissemination of culture and
learning.
AHEPA's contributions to worthy and
charitable causes:
The Order of Ahepa has contributed finan-
cially to many worthy causes during its 44
years of existence. These contributions do
not take into account the many local activi-
ties of our Chapters within the realm of their
local communities. Local Chapters of the
Ahepa Family have always given generously
and vigorously supported local community
projects in the fields of education, charity
and civic improvement. The national and
international projects and contributions in-
clude:
1. Relief of Florida hurricane victims.
2. Relief of Mississippi flood victims.
3. Relief of Corinth, Greece earthquake
victims.
4. Relief for the War Orphans of Greece.
5. Relief of Dodecanese Islands (Greece)
earthquake victims.
6. Funds for the Hellenic Museum in
Greece.
7. Local, national and international schol-
arships for needy and worthy students.
8. Relief for the fatherless children of
Refugees, through the Near East Relief.
9. Support of the Greek Orthodox Semi-
naries (Theological) at Pomfret, Conn., and
Brookline, Mass.
10. Erection of the Ahepa Franklin D.
Roosevelt Memorial at Hyde Park, New York.
11. Erection of the Ypsilanti Memorial at
Ypsilanti, Mich.
12. Erection of the Dilboy Memorial.
13. Relief of Turkish earthquake victims.
14. Funds for the Greek Orthodox Patri-
archate at Jersalem.
15 Funds for the Greek Orthodox Patri-
archate at Constantinople.
16. Ecuadorean Relief.
17. Kansas City flood relief.
18. Greek war Relief Program during and
after World War II.
19. Construction of Ahepa Hospitals in
Athens and Salonika, Greece following World
War II.
20. Construction of 7 Ahepa Health Cen-
ters in Greece following World War II.
21. Ahepa Agricultural College in Greece.
22. Ionian Islands (Greece) earthquake
relief.
23. Ahepa Preventorium in Volos, Greece.
24. Daughters of Penelope Girls' Shelter
.Home in Athens, Greece.
25. Construction of Ahepa Hall for Boys at
St. Basil's Academy, Garrison, New York.
26. Construction of A?hepa School at St.
Basil's Academy, Garrison, New York.
27. Sale of 500 Million Dollars in U.S. War
Bonds during World War II as an official is-
suing agency of the U.S. Treasury Depart-
ment.
28. Contributions to the Truman Library,
Independence, Mo.
29. Contributions to the Dr. George Papa-
nicolaou Research Cancer Institute, Miami,
Florida.
30. Erection of the Ahepa Truman Statue
and Plaza in Athens, Greece.
31. Donation of 40,000 American and Ca-
nadian books to schools and 'libraries in
Greece.
32. Ahepa Medals for Scholastic Excellence
for studies in the Greece Language to stu-
dents. -
33. Presentations of 7-volume sets of the
Greek Classics to schools and libraries in the
U.S. and Canada.
34. CARE Tool Kits for students of voca-
tional schools In Greece,
18107
35. Ahepa Refugee Relief Committee, to aid
war refugees of World War H.
36. Sports Kits for Greek school children.
Citizenship: Ahepa's requirements stipu-
late that members must be American or
Canadian citizens, or have indicated their
intention to become citizens in which case
the fraternity assists the new member in
attaining citizenship. Ahepa Chapters assist
newly-arrived non-citizens in attaining their
full American and Canadian citizenship, and
also instruct their members with the obliga-
tions that go hand-in-hand with citizenship.
Civic participation: The local Chapters of
the Ahepa and its Auxiliaries are active in
their own civic affairs and projects, all of
which conforms to the fraternity's program
of urging its members to be model citizens
through planned civic activity. These Chap-
ters are active in aiding and contributing to
local fund drives.
International relations: In the field of
International Relations, the Order of Ahepa
has constantly maintained an active interest
in affairs aimed at further cementing the
good-will and friendship between the peo-
ples of Canada, the United States, and
Greece, as noted in the heading of this Fact
Sheet "Ahepa's Contributions to Worthy
Causes." The fraternity takes an active part
in America's "People-to-People" program
which seeks a closer and more harmonious
relationship between the peoples of the
United States and other countries. Active
roles have been taken by the Ahepa and its
officials in several matters of international
import nee concerning the United States and
GreeceI
V
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, one
of the reasons I am so proud to be a
Marylander is the Baltimore Sun, which
is one of the leading daily newspapers in
the United States.
It was a matter of great interest to
me, therefore, to read a Sun editorial
this morning entitled "Mansfield on
Asia." The editorial praised the pro-
posal of the distinguished majority lead-
er for an all-Asia conference on the
Vietnam problem.
As the editorial points out, the opin-
ions of the Senator from Montana are
"as valuable as any in this country." I
believe that Senator MANSFIELD'S long
expertise in Asian affairs is a valuable
asset to this body. I am glad that the
Baltimore Sun has paid tribute to this
expertise.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this editorial be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Baltimore (Md.) Sun,
Aug. 10, 1966]
MANSFIELD ON ASIA
Peking's scornful rejection of proposals for
an all-Asia peace conference, with Hanoi's
rejection immediately following, does not
mean that the idea must be abandoned. No
one knows what form any discussions leading
toward peace in Vietnam, when discussions
finally come, are going to take. An Asian
conference is surely one possible form, and
it may be the likeliest. Among those who be-
lieve so, and have believed so for some time,
is Senator MANSFIELD, whose opinions on
Asian affairs are as valuable as any in this
country.
For a good while Senator MANSFIELD has
been urging a greater Asian initiative in the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ---SENATE August 10, 1966
solution of Asian. problems, including first of
all the conflict in Vietnam. It is in line
with this that he welcomes the conference
proposal put forward by Thailand, the Philip.
pines and Malaysia. Last spring he himself
suggested that Burma or Japan try to ar-
range such a gathering. Who arranges it
does not matter, if it can be arranged, nor
does the place of meeting matter. The site
need not be Geneva: perhaps better some-
where else. Mr. MANSFIELD says, "Let it be
called in Rangoon or Bangkok, in Manila or
Pnom Penh, or, for that matter, even in
Peking"
Of course no conference in Peking, or else-
where, is immediately in prospect. The point
is to keep the Idea of an Asian solution open,
in the air, so that if this turns out to be the
way to peace we will be ready for it.
HOSPITALIZATION OF SENATOR
13ENNETT
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, the distin-
guished senior Senator from Utah iMr.
BENNETT] has been hospitalized at the
Bethesda Naval Hospital since July 30,
when a bleeding ulcer developed in his
stomach.
I am happy to report to the Senate
today that my colleague is making a
rapid recovery. His physicians were able
to stop the bleeding within a few days
after admitting the Senator to the hos-
pital. He has been on atypical, ulcer diet
for several days. I have been told that
he now feels quite well.
In cases like this, I understand, physi-
cians like to keep their patients hospital-
ized until full recovery is evident. On
this basis, the Senator will be in the hos-
pital until the end of next week,
The ulcer has been described as quite
small. In fact, it barely showed up on
X-rays taken at the time he was ad-
mitted to the hospital.
I am sure that the Senate joins with
me in prayers that the Senator's strength
may be renewed so that he may return
to his duties in the Senate on schedule.
RULES COMMITTEE BEGINS HEAR-
INGS ON SCHOOL MILK BILL
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I am
delighted to be able to report to my Sen-
ate colleagues that the House Rules Com-
mittee opened hearings this morning on
legislation that would, among other
things, extend the special milk program
for schoolchildren for an additional 4
years. This legislation, H.R. 13361, was
reported from the House Agriculture
Committee on July 29. It is similar to
the Ellender child nutrition legislation
passed by the Senate almost 1 month
ago. A revised version of the Senate bill,
S. 3467, was recently reported by the
House Education and Labor Committee.
The Rules Committee has not as yet
heard all of those who wish to testify
on H.R. 13361. Certain jurisdictional
problems are created by the fact that
the bill reported by the House Education
and Labor Committee is quite similar.
However, I am hopeful that the Rules
Committee will meet again this week to
receive testimony from the two or three
remaining House Members who wish to
make statements on the bill. I further
hope that the Rules Committee will soon
schedule the bill for floor action.
Early passage is essential if the school
administrators around the country are
to be able to act with any certainty on
school budgets for the year to come.
Without quick action these administra-
tors will be uncertain as to whether the
Federal Government is going to continue
to commit itself to paying part of the
costs of midmorning and midafternoon
milk breaks.
GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER'S TRIB-
UTE TO ISRAEL'S PRESIDENT
SHAZAR
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, it was
my honor on August 1 to attend a dinner
sponsored by the United Jewish Appeal
of Greater New York in honor of Presi-
dent Shazer, of Israel, at the Hotel Plaza,
in New York. At this dinner, Gov. Nel-
son A. Rockefeller, of New York, de-
livered an eloquent tribute to President
Shazer, to which I invite the attention
of Senators.
I ask unanimous consent that Gover-
nor Rockefeller's address be printed at
this point preceded by an introduc-
tion of Governor Rockefeller by Max
Fisher of Michigan, national chairman
of the United Jewish Appeal.
There being no objection, the intro-
duction and the address were ordered
to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:
INTRODUCTION OF GOV. NELSON A. ROCKRFEL-
LER AT UJA DINNER HONORING PRESIDENT
SHAZAR, AUGUST 1, 1966
Mr. Max FessIES. The American Jewish
community established UJA not only out of
a sense of Jewish responsibility but also be-
cause it was concerned with the basic right
of every man to be safe and free. Because
of this humanitarian concern, Americans of
every faith give their support to the United
Jewish Appeal. Our next speaker is one
such American.
Twenty years ago, one million and a half
survivors of the Nazi massacres in Europe
hovered on the brink of extinction, Right
here in New York it was Nelson Rockefeller
who took action to demonstrate that those
homeless Jews had an urgent claim on the
compassion of Americans, whatever their re-
ligion. Nelson Rockefeller founded the Non-
sectarian Community Committee for the
United Jewish Appeal and became its first
chairman. He played a significant role in
helping UJA in its first $100 million cam-
paign in 1946.
Much has changed since that dark time.
Those who were wasting away in the DP
camps have found homes and new lives in
lands of freedom. But one thing has not
changed. Governor Nelson Rockefeller is
still eminently concerned with UJA's hu-
manitarian work. He still serves with dis--
tinctlon as honorary chairman of the Non-
sectarian Community Committee of the UJA
of Greater New York. He is with us this
evening to express officially the greetings of
the people of this state to our guest of
honor,
Ladies and gentlemen, Governor Nelson
Rockefeller.
EXCERPTS OF REMARKS By GOVERNOR ROCKE-
FELLER, PREPARED FOR DELIVERY AT THE
DINNER HONORING PRESIDENT SHAZAR OF
ISRAEL, UNITED JEWISH APPEAL OF GREATER
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, N.Y., AUGUST 1,
1966
On behalf of the' people of the State of
New York, I bid you welcome, Mr. Presi-
dent--Shalom, Hanassi. We welcome you as
a distinguished scholar and gifted writer;
we welcome you as a revered philosopher;
and, most of all, we welcome you as the
leader of a young, vigorous and vibrant
democracy that has captured the American
imagination and won the American heart.
I am also delighted to welcome Mrs. Shazar
to our shores-for she is a remarkable wom-
an, a true Israeli Halutza-a pioneer-and
a fine author in her own right.
I'd like to point out, Mr. President, that
you and I have a common responsibility.
We are each accountable to about two and
one-half million Jewish citizens, And cur
nations are joined by so many bonds of hu-
manity, history and common experience.
In the last century, an impassioned
American poet proclaimed the promise of
America to the world:
"Give me your tired, your poor, your
huddled masses. .
These words of Emma Lazarus are en-
graved for all time on our Statue of Liberty
in. the Port of New York. In this century,
they could emblazon the ports of Haifa and
Jaffa just as well.
Both of our nations-one of the world's
oldest democracies and one of the world's
youngest-have opened their arms wide to
millions. As in the dreams of the Hebrew
prophets, we have both been enriched by the
gathering of the Exiles.
The more recent migration to Israel-still
fresh In our minds-is one of the great,
moving dramas of this age. Over a million
people-a shattered remnant of the night-
mare of Nazism-gathered at a small, bar-
ren and all-but-forsaken land. They came
from over 70 nations. They took root along-
side those who came before them. And just
as in this country, the immigrant-by his
sweat and by his toil, by his vision and by
his creativity-helped to forge a new nation.
By these massive infusions of new blood,
both our countries became half-brothers to
the whole world-with something of almost
every land to be found within us. In fact,
long ago we almost became even closer.
One of my scholarly friends recently
pointed out to me a fascinating footnote to
American history, It seems that our Pilgrim
forefathers seriously discussed making He-
brew the official tongue of the New World..
Other ties join us, but I want to mention
just one more personal link between Presi-
dent Shazar and myself. Some years ago,
Mr. Shazar had an able special assistant, a
charming young Israeli woman by the name
of Lea Ostrovsky Ben Boaz. On my own staff,
I have an able Press Secretary In Leslie Slote.
Today, the former Miss Ben Boaz is Mrs.
Slote. All of which both Les and I regard as
an extremely favorable U.S. balance of trade
with Israel.
I would like to tell you of some thoughts
I had when I received the kind invitation of
the United Jewish Appeal to be here tonight.
Two Images flashed through my mind. The
first was of the Israel we know today: a na-
tion that made the Negev bloom . a na-
tion that swiftly created great seats of learn-
ing-the Hebrew University, the new Tel Aviv
University. the Weizmann Institute and the
Technion . . . a nation throbbing with in-
dustrial activity and new agriculture ... a
nation of refuge and new hopes for human-
ity. Then my mind rushed back to a time
two brief decades ago when all this was only
a dream ... and the only realities were tens
of thousands of displaced Jews herded into
the camps of Europe-and off In the distance
a strange, untried land. The United Jewish
Appeal played a heroic role in joining these
people with that land.
I remember going to Eddie Warburg back
in those days when he was the UJA chair-
man. I felt very deeply that the task of re-
settling this exodus of homeless Jews was a
challenge and responsibility not only of the
Jewish community but of free men of all
faiths. Therefore, I asked him if he would
permit me to organize a Non-Sectarian Com-
munity Committee for the New York United
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August" 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
and rant about the roadblocks that were
thrown in his way in his attempt to become
a. minister. He was sputtering and almost
exploding when Mays held up his hand and
said, "Cool it, baby, I'm on your side."
The youngster quieted down and Willie
said, "If you want to be a minister, you can
be. Don't let anybody stop you. I never lis-
tened to anybody who told me I couldn't do
something. If you do, you're defeated right
away."
Mays added, "When I was 10-that's about
how old you are no0--I went zero for 24
with the Birmingham Giants. That was
my first 24 times at bat, too. If I had lis-
tened to all the poor months who were giv-
ing me advice, I'd have quit baseball right
then."
"It takes a great deal of hardship to be a
minister and you have to keep trying. But
if you want to be one, you'll keep one trying
and you'll fight and overcome."
Cool it, baby. I went zero for 24. That's
the kind of talk the youngsters listen to, and
they can feel with Willie, because he made It
the hard way as a child in Alabama.
One can almost see the boys taking Willie's
advice to heart. One youngster said he
wanted to be a great athlete like Willie.
Willie snapped back, "That's what you say.
But you're smoking and you know you can't
do that and be an athlete."
The UAW Solidarity article reminds us, too,
that the job corpsmen need a lot of under-
standing.
An analysis of the first 10,000 enrollees ac-
cepted is enlightening, and it must be re-
membered that to get the project off to a
good start, the first 10,000 many have been
less disadvantaged than later members.
With a 17-year average age, most of the
first 10,000 were more like 13-year-olds in
size. Most had never slept between sheets,
never shared a room with only one other.
Some never had had electric lights. Nearly
two-thirds lived in substandard housing.
More than 60 per cent came from families
in which the.primary wage earner was un-
employed.
The average corpsman had never com-
pleted ninth grade and could read no better
than a fifth grader. Fewer than one in 10
had ever held a job.
We'll let Willie Mays close this editorial:
"Kids today are no different than they
were when I was a boy. They see television
and they've got a right to dream. I was the
biggest dreamer on our block. Then, when
you're out of school a few years and you
find you're drifting just like a lot of the
older people, that's the time a kid says to
himself: I gotta get out of this. Outl
"When a kid gets to that age-like these
kids-when they say they gotta get out,
that's when society has to let them in. This
Job Corps is going to save these boys. They're
going to make It. Without this chance, they
wkre dead.
'These kids are my heroes."
SI
VOLVEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the Au-
gust 1 issue of the Washington Evening,
Star contained two thoughtful appraisals
of Premier Nguyen Cao Ky's recent state-
ments on the war In Vietnam. Because
of the timeliness of these articles, en-
titled "Premier Ky Hits a Sensitive
Nerve," written by Clayton Fritchey, and
".Red China Riddle: Why Not Let It Grow
'tTp?" written by Charles Bartlett, I ask
ianimous consent that they be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
-as follows:
PREmIzn KY Hire A SENsrriVE NERVE
(By Clayton Fritchey)
Everybody, It seems, is now jumping on
Premier Ky-publicly in Congress, privately
in the administration-for spilling the beans
on what a victory in Viet Nam is finally going
to cost the United States. It hardly seems
fair.
After all, the premier, like most generals,
is a simple fellow politically, and all he has
done is blurt out what seems to him to be
the obvious truth about the situation in
Viet Nam,
It may be embarrassing to the Johnson
administration, and perhaps Ky should have
consulted his Washington patrons before let-
ting the cat out of the bag, but the American
people at least owe him a debt of gratitude
for telling them what they can't learn from
their own government, mainly, the price of
"victory" (whatever that is).
In recent weeks, the President has repeat-
edly assured the public that the United
States is going to fight to the finish, that we
are going to win, and that "success will be
ours in Viet Nam."
It is a disturbing fact, however, that It has
been impossible to wring from the President
or any other administration spokesman just
what is meant by "success," or just what
American citizens are going to have to pay
in the way of men and money to achieve it.
The favored thought has been, just leave
it to Lyndon and all will be well, Skeptics
are shushed by claims of battle successes
in the field, and the assurance that the ene-
my can't take it much longer, especially the
accelerated bombing.
But U.S. success stories do not seem to
have spoiled Premier Ky, who is also an air
marshal and thinks he knows something
about war, particularly in Viet Nam where
he has been fighting for so many years.
The premier already knows what Americans
are soon going to learn, and that is that the
air attacks on the Hanoi-Haiphong area are
not producing results as predicted. They are
not materially slowing down the enemy or
breaking his morale. On the contrary, he is
fighting harder than ever, as our own Mailnes
can testify.
In fairness to Marshal Ky, it should be
remembered that he has obligations to his
own country as well as to ours. Apparently,
he feels that the South Vietnamese should
understand the realities of the present situ-
ation.
As Ky sees it, the United States must
launch an all-out invasion of North Viet
Nam to win the war. He can see that this
would probably mean war with China, but
he thinks "it's better to face them right now"
rather than later.
The alternative to "destroying the Commu-
nists in their lair," he says, is for the United
States to go on fighting a guerrilla war "for
5 to 10 years." He frankly doubts that the
United States has the "patience" for this.
This Is a shrewd appraisal, for Ky recog-
nizes that U.S. public support for the war
is already shaky. It has been momentarily
bolstered by hopes that the stepped-up
bombing might be effective, but when these
hopes are dashed there will probably be
another sag in the public opinion polls.
What then?
The war already is costing us over $2 bil-
lion a month. American casualties often
exceed the South Vietnamese. Over 5 to 10
years, the cost would be $100 billion to $250
billion with casualities constantly mounting.
It is no wonder that Ky feels that Ameri-
cans would not support such a prolonged
stalemate. From his point of view, he is
right in promoting and all-out attack. Even
if it triggers a world war, what has he to lose?
He knows that if the United States ever
makes peace with North Viet Nam, It is the
end for him and his fellow generals.
The State Department has decline direct
18123
comment. A spokesman merely repeated
that the United States "does not seek any
wider war," which is undoubtedly true, at
least at the moment. But what will the
President do when pressure mounts again for
breaking the stalemate?
Nobody knows, probably including the
President himself.
RED CHINA RIDDLE: WHY NoT LET IT GROW UP?
(By Charles Bartlett)
Premier Ky and the U.S. Senate have in-
jected practical and immediate considera-
tions into the controversy on what should
be done about Red China.
Ky's assertion that this is the time to deal
with the Chinese Communists is a strident
echo of President Kennedy's private expres-
sions that the great decision of this decade
would be whether or not to halt Red China's
growth as a world menace by pre-emptive
attack.
This question has been laid aside since
Lyndon Johnson became president and
American forces became involved in Viet
Nam. Washington's great aim now is to
avoid conflict with the Chinese and many
strategies, including the invasion of North
Viet Nam, have ben subordinated to this ob-
jective. Even Air Force commanders no
longer find time to urge bombing raids on
mainland China.
Ky's proposal is motivated by a deepening
awareness that Ho Chi Minh will probably
not be permitted by Peking to give the orders
that will end the guerrilla war. Washington
recognizes this probability and is concen-
trating as a consequence upon making life
so hard for the guerrillas themselves that
they will eventually stop fighting without
orders from Hanoi.
But icy is in a cocky frame of mind. His
military move against the Buddhists suc-
ceeded despite almost unanimous warnings
from American officials that it was a fool-
hardy step. He faces elections and he needs
to demonstrate that he is not a puppet. He
obviously hopes to rally support by stirring
the nationalistic hatred of his people to-
ward the Chinese.
The tin-horn militancy of Ky's recent in-
terviews stands in weak contrast to the com-
posure with which Ho Chi Minh last week
rejected the offer by the Soviet Union and
East European states to send volunteers.
HQ is also afraid of the Red Chinese and he
doesn't want to antagonize them by play-
ing host to Soviet volunteers. So he rallies
his people by telling them they are going to
win the war with their own hands and with
the "climate, snakes and mosquitoes" as their
allies.
If Ho, who knows the Chinese well, doesn't
trust them in their present mood and if the
Russians, who also know them, find them
irrationally dogmatic, why should the United
States get involved with them? The Com-
munists estimate that the Viet Cong and
their families number only 800,000 of South
Viet Nam's 17 million population. No major
figure in the Johnson administration Is
attracted by the folly of tackling 800 million
Chinese to suppress a rebellion of 800,000
Vietnamese.
The Senate reflected this nation's irresolu-
tion toward Red China in its vote to censure
the consortium of European nations which
plans to build a steel rolling mill in China.
A majority of 56 senators voted for the
censure and implicity for the thesis that a
thin and hungry Chinese is less dangerous
than a fat one,
The moderately fattened Russian is turn-
ing out to be a better world citizen than his
ragged, revolutionary predecessor and the
evolution of Communist doctrine Into a prag-
matic quest for a steadily rising standard of
living is now regarded by most experts as a
stabilizing factor in world affairs.
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18124 CONGRP,SSIONAL RECORD --SENATE
Certainly Red China's present adversities
bring no assurances of peace. The desperate
search for food, actually causing Chinese
agents to compete with Russians in the
Canadian and Australian markets, cannot
render the government more stable. The
decision to educate fewer students in Chinese
universities, because the economy does not
provide jobs for an expanding number of
graduates, will delay the emergence of the
professional class which now exerts a con-
structive authority in Moscow.
Experts of the Defense and State Depart-
ments have just sent to the White House an
exhaustive study of the future that lies ahead
for Red China. The short-term view is un-
certain. No one can really predict how a
government so beset by afflictions will react.
But the long-term view follows the Soviet
pattern-at some point the Chinese commis-
sars will drop their visions of dominating the
planet and turn to the real and pressing chal-
lenges of development at home.
The turn to maturity may come more
swiftly in China than it did in the Soviet
Union, where Joseph Stalin prolonged the
revolutionary illusions. Containment, as in
Russia's case, is apt to be a more maturing
influence than the aggression envisioned by
Ky or the deprivation sought by the Senate
majority.
ADDRESS OF SENATOR KENNEDY
OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO THE
ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE
SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADER-
SHIP CONFERENCE, JACKSON,
MISS.
Mr. HART. Mr. President, I ask un-
animous consent that the address of
Senator KENNEDY of Massachusetts, to
the annual convention of Southern
Christian Leadership Conference, Jack-
son, Miss., August 8, 1966, be inserted at
this point in the RECORD. It is a stir-
ring and challenging message which
merits widespread attention.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RsicoRD,
as follows:
ADDRESS BY SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY
TO THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE
SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CON-
FERENCE, JACKSON, MISS., AUGUST 8, 1966
I come here tonight as a young man, with
the hope of the young that today's crisis
can become tomorrow's opportunity. Much
of your success is due to the young people
who have worked in your movement.
I am proud to appear before this organiza-
tion. For ten years, you have been in
the forefront of the most important domes-
tic Issue of our time. You have been jailed
and bombed, beaten and stoned. But you
have persevered. Your work has given Negro
men and women a new sense of dignity and
self-respect. Your courage under fire has
kindled the conscience of the white people
of this country. Over the noise of battle,
clearer than the cries of extremists on both
sides, we have heard your simple message
of non-violence, telling us that evil can be
overcome with good; that hate can yield to
ove; and that it is better to suffer in dignity
iihan to accept segregation In silence.
Y6ur leader, Martin Luther King, has made
his mark upon the world as a great spiritual
leader who has also led the forces of social
justice. His tradition is worthy of his
teachers, Gandhi and Thoreau. I know the
great respect that President Kennedy had
for Dr. King. I am honored to share the
platform with him today.
And I am proud to come to Mississippi,
a state whose men have always answered
bravely and patriotically the call to the
colors; a state with a past full of glory and
tragedy; a present full of struggle and
change; a future bright with hope and
promise.
This is a state with unlimited potential.
From the rockets and shipyards on the Gulf
to new industries in the north. Mississippi
is gathering force for an advance which
could, using the full energies of all its citi-
zens, bring a greater day than it has ever
known.
I come from a state with a proud tradition
of leadership in the field of human rights.
It was a citizen of Massachusetts who was
the first to urge the use of nonviolence in
the cause of civil rights. His name was
William Lloyd Garrison, and his statue stands
in Boston today. In 1831, he wrote: "The
history of mankind is crowded with evidence
that physical coercion is not adapted to
moral regeneration; that sin can be subdued
only by love; and that the violent who resort
to the sword are destined to perish with the
sword."
My state, as the other states in the North,
has very difficult problems in the field of civil
rights. I cannot come here to Mississippi
and say that our hands are clean. We have
done too little. We started quite late. The
Negro in Boston, to our shame, goes to a
segregated school, holds an inferior job, and
lives in one of the worst parts of the city.
Progress has been made, some important pro-
grams just in recent days, but we have a long
way to go. So I am delighted that this
organization is extending Its work to the
cities of the North. We need your help up
there too.
Twenty years ago, segregation was a fact
of life in America, accepted by both races.
The Capital city of our country was totally
segregated, in law and in fact.
Twenty years ago, the U.S. Congress could
not even outlaw lynching. A distinguished
Senator, Frank Graham, was turned out of
office because lie signed a report saying that
Negroes should have an equal chance in jobs.
But then came the Supreme Court deci-
sions. And the sit-ins, and the freedom rides,
and your own bus boycott in Montgomery,
touching off a movement that has brought
about, in my opinion, the most important
change in America in the last 20 years.
Since 1959, Congress has passed three civil
rights hills, and this year will pass a fourth.
The walls of segregation have come down in
many places, partly through government, but
largely through the private efforts of groups
like yours. Over two million Negroes have
registered to vote throughout the South, one
hundred twenty thousand in Mississippi in
the last year alone. The caste system in
politics is through. Next year, in this state,
in every election, men and women, white and
black, will have a chance to have a voice.
I think this will make a difference.
But in a larger sense, how far have we
come as a nation?
After all the decisions of all of the courts,
how many Negro children really attend in-
tegrated schools? In the South, less than
3 per cent.
After all of the programs that Congress
has passed, how much has the life of the
average Negro really changed? Not very
much.
What good is a desegregated motel if you
can't afford to stay there?
What use is the right to vote if you risk
your job and even your life in order to vote?
Can a Negro soldier, drafted to fight for
the freedom of the people of Vietnam, come
back to his own country and enjoy full
freedom and. Opportunity as an American
citizen? I don't think he can. And that Is
the shame and the challenge of American
life in 1966.
The rate of Negro unemployment is more
than twice that of white-and the gap has
increased in the past year. Even when the
Negro finds a job, it tends to be in menial
August 10, 19,66
occupations with extremely limited oppor-
tunities for advancement.
The proportion of Negroes living in sub-
standard housing is almost three times that
of whites, and that proportion is growing.
The Negro continues to be segregated in the
great urban ghettoes, and that segregation
is increasing. Negroes today in the cities
of the North live their daily lives farther
separated from white America than the rural
Southern Negro ever was.
I find this country dividing more and
more into separate societies, of the rich and
poor, the white and the black, the com-
placent and the despairing; where the whites
have jobs and the blacks have unemploy-
ment; where the whites live in suburbs and
the Negroes in ghettos. Where each looks
at the other with growing mistrust as the
vise of apartne_s tightens.
This situation is wrong-morally, socially,
economically wrong. It saps our strength.
It offends our deepest traditions. It sows the
seed of insurrection and riot.
I cannot think of a more dangerous fu-
ture for America than the future we face
if we let this situation develop as it has.
This situation has been aggravated in re-
cent months by the desire of some Negro
leaders to pull apart from the white men
who have been assisting them. Now I can
fully understand the feelings behind this.
For one hundred years since the end of
slavery you have collaborated with white
men and many Negroes have little to show
for it. But the fact is that the greatest
gains in civil rights have come when black
and white have worked together. The very
basis of integration is working together with
white people. If you cast them off-if you
isolate yourselves--you will be strengthening
the bonds of the whole system of segregation.
You will be crippling your own effectiveness
in what is basically not a white or a Negro
cause, but an American cause. Dr. King
put it well when he said: "The Negro's
destiny is tied to the white man's destiny.
The Negro's freedom is bound to the white
man's freedom. We cannot walk alone."
I would add that just as the path of sep-
arateness is a self-defeating path, the path
of violence is a dangerous path. You can
reason with the white man, and pressure him
and even shame him-but you cannot scare
him. Dr. King once said that the civil rights
movement owes as much to Bull Conner as
it does to Abraham Lincoln. And I say to
you that your cause Is immeasurably hurt
every time a young Negro throws a Molotov
cocktail or a sniper fires on police from the
roof of a ghetto.
I would be less than frank with you If I
did not admit a growing feeling of concern
about the "white backlash" in our country.
A Negro leader in New York last week said
he had never been so fearful about the future
of race relations in our country as he is now,
because a terrifying white backlash has set
in and the Negro still has gained so little.
Let those who preach violence or the dis-
honoring of our individual obligations to our
country or the destruction of Western civili-
zation realize what ammunition they are
giving the enemies of reason and justice.
But I would say just as strongly to the
white man that you can no longer expect
to keep the Negro "in his place." The only
place for him is a position of full equality
as an American citizen. If you think the
Negro is pushing too fast, you are wrong.
You cannot expect a man to go slow in ob-
taining what should have been a part of his
birthright.
Seventy years ago a man named William
Jennings Bryan spoke for the impoverished
white man of the South and Midwest. What
he said in his "Cross of Gold" speech ex-
presses what many Negroes understandably
feel today: "We have petitioned and our peti-
tions have been scorned. We have entreated
and our entreaties have been disregarded.
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Wick left for home late last February. He Most bags,rontained packets of cigarettes, American people. It is also a. concession to
took with him two vivid` pictures: but some, youngters didn't resist the temp- their feeling and the Americans have a com-
One, the picture of young Marines at war, tation to light up. the villagers were also plementary need to believe and practice it.
with verve and with valor charging smack shown movies and given medical treatment. It provides the. only excuse far their presence
Into the, enemy, mixing with the enemy, de- The "Friendship Kits" were the Innovation in Vietnam. At the same time it is the only
feating the enemy. (Wick talked so much of the Denton Record-Chronicle's Viet Nam way by which they can deny themselves the.
about the Marines on his return that his war correspondent, Wick Fowler. responsibility of what is happening around
son up and joined the Marine Corps I) When he returned to Texas after three them, a way of shielding themselves from the
Two, .the picture of these same young months of war reporting, he designed the ugliness of what is going on. In simple
Americans, in the wake of battle, pouring kits and enlisted the aid of Gov. John Con- terms, it is a moral anesthetic.
their hearts and their energies and their nally. Meantime, the Marines in Viet Nam These advisers say: "We are here to help
resources into helping the Vietnamese agreed to distribute the kits as a test of their the Vietnamese help themselves". That is
people. value in the Marines' civil action operations. exactly what they are doing-helping them-
Wick vowed he wouldn't forget these two Two thousand kits, each containing a selves. This advisory capacity is a gimmick
pictures. On his return to Texas, he greeting from the governor, were sent to Viet Invented by America to find a reason to inter-
launched. himself on the lecture circuit, Nam by the Texas Guard, a civilian group, vene in developing countries. They come in
rallying support for America's fighting men in cooperation with the Texas National all guises; "experts" under certain founda-
and their efforts to assist the Vietnamese. Guard. From California, the kits were flown tions or missions.
But he went further than that. He called across the Pacific by the California National Why America will not withdraw. The
on Governor John Connally of Texas, ex- Guard. Americans are committed to protect the
plaining to him about the Marine Corps' . The kits included 1,000 drawings by school South Vietnamese, it is a moral commitment.
civic action program. Wick also spoke to children of Denton. And if they should withdraw now a blood
officers of the Texas Air National Guard. Wapp, a marine platoon leader who had bath will ensue once the National Liberation
And a new drive was under way, a drive to been wounded three times in eight months, Front gains control. Yet what is happening
raise friendship kits to send to the Marines was assigned to the civil affairs program five now is a thorough blood bath without end.
in Viet Nam to assist in their pacification days ago. Maybe if the Americans will leave there will
efforts. "I've got six kids at home and I like being be a bloodbath with an end, but right now
Just recently an Air Guard plane touched wit13 kids," Wapp said. "This gives me a there is no end to it.. It is better to have an
down at the Da Nang Air Base. It was laden grew opportunity to do that." end with misery than to have misery without
with friendship kits. _r ``V~ end.
The kits, made of plastic mesh, contained 11 Why are the refugees crowding Govern-
items such as pencil sharpeners, rulers, A TOURIST'S VIEW OF VIETNAM ment centers? I visited Mat Tam in one of
needles, thread, soap, chewing gum, candy "WAR" - the centers and she said: "Bombings, it is
and cigarettes. the bombings and fighting on both sides, that
Each kit bore a message-in English and Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, one drive them to our centers." The refugees are
Vietnamese-which read: of the greatest problems we have when told to say that they were fleeing from VC
.This friendship kit has been assembled we come to consider great foreign policy terrorism and that they want a happy life
by Texans, under sponsorship of the Texas questions such as foreign aid or Vietnam under the Government in Saigon..
Guard, as a message of our support of the The new type of American soldiers in Viet-
cause of freedom for the people of South is our inability to recognize the extent nam. The majority of them are new types of
Vietnam. John Connally, governor of to which the objectivity of our judgment dissenters, whose life has been disturbed
Texas." is impaired by our own image of our- when there is no immediate danger to it-
And that's how the Spirit of Wick Fowler selves. From time to time I have tried, has been ordered to go and fight in a distant
returned to aid the Marines in Viet Nam- not with any great success I fear, to call war where the people are not even interested
in the form of little friendship kits which attention to this failing of ours. to fight for themselves. He thinks the war
will help a bit to brighten the lives of people Some of the clearest pictures which is "not worth a single American life, even a
lon nice gesture, a lnd. Vietnamese
big Texas have been drawn of the American people human life land he hates to needle sly kfor
ill
gesture. and character have been those of foreign for the view of a few people like President
But then, Texas is a big state. And Wick observers. In this connection one thinks Johnson and his advisers. He wants his
Fowler is a big man. immediately of distinguished names such country to pull out because, "I_do not think
as those of Alexis de Tocqueville or communist control of South Vietnam will
KITS IIELP SOOTHE FEELINGS-DURING SEARCH Bryce. A friend of mine in Arkansas, concern me in my life time."
FOR CONG however, recently sent me an article of Another type of soldier is the angry one.
DA NAxc, VIET NAM.-"Friendship kits" this nature written by a rather obscure- He wants to "bomb the -" out of the vil-
from Texas were used to soothe hurt feelings at least to me-observer appearing in a lages and hamlets and let them get it. These
today when a South Vietnamese hamlet was Philippine newspaper which could not are the most dangerous ones for. they do it
searched for evidence of Viet Cong sympa- once in a while for fun and they might really
thizers. have been expected to attract notice in do it more and more.
The treats were handed out to Vietnamese this country. With due apology to the Another group are the professional army
children and adults at a "county fair" opera- author, its style may appear not alto- men who must have wars to direct and fight
tion in a tiny village about 10 miles north- gether that to which we are accustomed, for they are useless in a peaceful country,
east of Da Nang. but I suggest, Mr. President, that its To them must be victory at any cost.
Such operations are routinely carried out content is well worth considering. While Then there are the bitter draftees who axe
in hamlets of, South Viet Nam where the I would not entirely go along with every- drafted because "they cannot afford to go to
loyalty of residents to the government is thing in the article-for example the in- college". If they were in college they will
been ex-
U.S. questionable.
of ft byference that the President has a low re- not be there since thesaid, "I would do have not believe
marines, mo Local ve the militiamenvillagers , out their backed
homes homes for interrogation and a methodical gard for human life-the author pre- empted. One of them that communist control of Vietnam is a
search of the houses. sents an interesting view of ourselves as threat to ourselves. The commitment to
While the village men were being ques- others see us. Vietnam is all out of proportion to the im-
tioned to determine if any residents were i ask unanimous consent that this ar- portance of Vietnam." Another who was
Communist sympathizers and to learn if ticle, entitled "A Tourist's View of the sounding like Lippmann said, "If we start
there had been any Communist troops in the Vietnam `War'," written by Cecile Afable here we will be doing the same thing all over
area recently, the women were given canned
fish, rice, cooking pots and stoves to prepare in the Baguio, Philippines, Midland the world."
a community lunch. The activity is designed Courier be printed in the RECORD. The bitterest, anti-ideologists said, "The
to make the search for Communists more like There being no objection, the article people here have been fighting a guerilla war
a picnic or county fair than a military was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, for 20 years, I don't know anything about
operation. as follows: that kind of warfare. Must I die in it?"
Lt. Glenn Wapp of Riverside, Calif., who A TOURIST'S VIEW OF VIETNAM WAR An Igorot, (not Lamen) looks at the war.
was running the show, said "the Leather- The Americans express the belief that their
necks tried to cook the rice but the villagers (By Cecile Afable) fighting in Vietnam is to oppose communists
didn't like that." Advisers-a new breed of Americans, prod- China because this is the "expert" opinion of
"They wanted to do it themselves," he said. uct of 20th century colonialism. Installed American experts. Yet they cannot prove
After lunch, the "friendship kits" were in air-conditioned sanctuaries, they are paid that the North Liberation Front in Chinese
passed out causing a mad scramble among to think and hence to give "advice". This beyond Hanoi. And to fight the Chinese
the village youngsters. The kits included is taken very seriously. by the American offi- through Vietnam gives it a stint of insanity.
candyt toothppaste, tooth brushes, pencils and cials especially the civilians. The Americans For here the death of the Vietnamese is un-
balloons. Imitation 'Indian headbands- in Vietnam are supposed to be only just "ad- related to their lives. Do the Americans
eonl I&'e with "feathers-were slipped Into viser", an excuse to make the American have to kill all the Vietnamese to stop the
presence palatable to the world and to the Chin-f- fr^'-+. '' r *ening them? Then the
some kits.
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We have begged and they have mocked when spending two billion dollars a month to de- programs and efforts. The kits contain
our calamity came. We beg no longer. We fend the freedom of 14 million people in items such as pencil sharpeners, rulers,
entreat no more. We petition no more. We South Vietnam.. Why shouldn't we make the chewing gum, candy, and so forth.
defy them." same kind of effort for tha 20 milli- r,eor~la
going to solve this problem with riot guns freedom, and future Is also at stake? I carried several articles describing Wick"s
and billy clubs. The police and public our- The time has come to stop the talk. and idea and how it was received by the
dais cannot do the job alone. You cannot begin the action. Vietnamese.
protect your communities against violence if Let us stop talking about the need for Mr. President, I ask that these articles
you are unwilling to act against the condi- young educated Negro leaders and make sure be printed in the RECORD at this point so
tions that breed violence. And you can no that every American who has the will and In- that other Senators may read for them-
more justify violence and lawlessness In tellectual capacity has a chance to go to selves of the people-t0-
Cleveland and Chicago with the slogan of college. people actions be-
"White Power" than the Negro can with Let us stop counting the slums and start ing undertaken by Texans who are con-
"Black Power." tearing them down-followed by the greatest cerned about international goodwill.
My own Irish forebears were discriminated construction program in our history. There being no objection, the articles
against just as fiercely in the last century Let us stop deploring unemployment and were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as the Negroes are today. As an American create the jobs that will beautify our coup- as follows:
proud of my country, I know that much of try and make our cities better places to live. To VIETNAM: FOWLER RETURNS-IN SPIRIT
-its strength is drawn from the contributions Let us desegregate our schools, but let us
minorities have made as they have been given spare no effort to be sure that our children DA NANG, VIET NAM,-Wick Fowler-one of
opportunities. I know that America will in school today have the educational oppor- the biggest Texans of all-has returned to
prosper best if we white men open wide the tunity to give their lives meaning and hope. Viet Nam. In spirit, that is.
doors of opportunity to you. All these things should be done not just But Fowler in spirit is bigger than many
If we can prosecute the War on Poverty, because they will stop the riots-although men in their entirety.
It will help white people as well as black, they will; not just because they will strength- Fowler, in person (who is huge enough
If we can train more men for jobs, and end en our economy-although they will. These without even considering the spirit!), came
discrimination In jobs, it will increase the things should be done because they are right to Viet Nam last December as a special com-
wealth of all, and decent and the moral things to do. bat correspondent for the Denton Record-
If we can eliminate the slums and lm- So let men of both colors complete the Chronicle.
prove the schools of Chicago and Cleveland agenda of freedom-together. A retired Dallas newspaperman, he was a
.and Boston, It will make them better cities Let us together work so that a James combat correspondent in World War lI in
for everyone who lives there. Meredith can walk down the highway here Europe and the Pacific.
We need a program of action which can in Mississippi free from the threat of violence. Upon his arrival in Da Nang, headquarters
help bridge the gap In opportunity-and we Let us together wipe out the immoral sys- of the III Marine Amphibious Force, Fowler
need it now. Of course, we should continue tem of jury discrimination so that the men immediately endeared himself to the Marines
to press for full legal rights for all citizens-- who kill for bate will pay the price of their as well as to members of the civilian press
the right to vote unintimidated; the right crime. So the men who killed those four corps.
to be effectively protected from violence; little girls in the 16th Street Baptist Church He reported the war, as combat corre-,
the right to equal justice, free from jury In Birmingham will be brought to justice. spondents are supposed to do. But more
discrimination; the right to go to school and Let us together work for the day when chil- than that, he was an entertainer.
live in a home free from arbitrary segrega- dren of both races, in whose young hearts There grew a saying that the only thing
tion. But In addition we need a, massive prejudice does not exist, can go to school. to. wider than Wick's ample girth was his even
commitment of national resources to the up- gether. wider repertoire of homespuntales and jokes.
grading of Negro life in America. Let us together create open cities, free of And Wick fired them at the Marines just
We need community projects that can be slums, in every part of America--cities where as they fired their rifles and machineguns at
done this summer and this fall: Construe- men can reach new heights of civilization and the enemy-rapidly, effectively, and on the
tion of swimming pools and recreational people can live where they wish. target.
parks in the ghettoes; installation of sprin- And let us keep working together until the There was a rumor that a Marine troop-
klers for children in hot weather; better gar- last remnant of poverty, the last barrier to carrying helicopter, which usually carries
bage collections and block clean-up cam- prosperity, the last obstacle to equal oppor- seven gear-laden Leathernecks into battle,
paigns; typing classes, and athletic instruc- tunity is gone from American life. couldn't get off the ground once Wick en-
tion. Through these projects we can show President Kennedy was the first President tered it-alone!
young people that their communities do care of the United States to state publicly that The rumor was, never verified. But there
about them-that there is hope for improve- segregation was morally wrong. If his life is proof that a C130 cargo plane, with Wick
went, and that there are more creative out- and death had a meaning, if the life and aboard, did manage to stay airborne all the
lets for their young energies than violence death of Reverend Reeb and Medgar Evers way on a flight from Da Nang to Saigon.
and disorder. and Jimmy Lee Jackson had a meaning, it His fellow passengers testified to that-
But we need more than these stop gap was that we should not hate but love one an. with great sighs of relief.
measures. There must be no less than a other; we should use what power we have not On another occasion, Wick boarded a Navy
major up-grading of our schools and our to create conditions of oppression that lead troop-carrying ship prior to Operation Double
cities, and of the housing and job oppor- to violence, but conditions of freedom and Eagle, which was to be the largest Marine
tunities for Negro Americans. Many of the opportunity that lead to peace, amphibious assault on enemy territory since
programs to accomplish these objectives al- No one denies the difficulties of your tasks. the historic landing at Inchon, Korea, in
ready exist. No one can forget your courage and deter- 1951.
What we must do now Is determine to urination. The morning of the landing loomed dark,
spend the money necessary to make these No one can blur your vision and your dismal and rainy. The sea buffeted the huge
programs work. We must expand, not cut dream. Navy vessel as sailors began lowering landing
back, on our commitment to the War on It is the vision of Americans and the dream craft over the side.
Poverty. We must expand not cut back on of justice and opportunity for all of us.
our programs to equalize and upgrade edu- Let us work together to make that dream Then the netting was tossed over the rails
cation and, most important of all, we must reality, realizing that the greatness of our on either side of the ship, and Marines began
expand not cut back on our programs to country depends on our success, scrambling down the nets toward the landing
revitalize the ghetto and provide decent craft, bobbing and plummeting in the wild
housing for all Americans. sea.
I consider the segregation of our urban PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE ACTIONS Wick had every intention of following the
ghettoes the basic cause of the racial crisis UNDERTAKEN BY TEXANS Marines. He was prepared to go over. But a
that will continue to plague, us. For as long cautious Marine company commander pro-
as the Negro is isolated from white Ameri- Mr. TOWER. Mr, President, Texans hibited him from doing so.
cans and denied mobility and access to de- have many things to be proud of. But Some onlookers thought it was because,
cent housing, his children will go to segre- the folks around Denton have the added well, because the Marine officer was concerned
gated schools of inferior quality, he will pay privilege of being proud-and fond--of about Wick's; safety (much to the rotund
more for the inferior housing to which he Wick Fowler. writer's chagrin.) Such a large man, and
does have access and he will be cut off from Wick is a retired Dallas newspaperman certainly not nearly as young and agile as the
the power structures of government-unable Marines.
to communicate or participate in the white who has been covering the Vietnam war But others wondered if it wasn't because
society that surrounds him. recently for the Denton Record- the Marine officer was worried that Wick
The expansion of these programs will cost Chronicle. While there, he hit upon the would take up more space in a landing craft
s great deal of money; but we can afford it. idea of friendship kits to be sent from than a squad of Marines!
We have the resources many times over. The the United States to the marines in Viet- Anyway, that was Wick Fowler and he did
only thing we may lack is the will. We are. nam. to assist them in their civic action eventually get ashore on the operation.
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Americana are involve in killing people to Plan to attack the educational and living Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, it is
show-other people to stop threatening them. conditions which breed Negro discontent. my understanding that the distinguished
Or do the Americans want to show the Chi- Although Mr. Bundy named no figure, it chairman of the subcommittee, the Sen-
nese to stop threatening the Vietnamese, would appear that he had roughly the same ator from Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN], the
whom they are killing anyway? Then the figure in mind in his suggestion of a nation- distinguished ranking minority member
Chinese threat obscures in advance the na- wide effort to help the Negro. of the committee, the Senator from Texas
ture of the enemy. Shucks. Even if several billions of dollars are sub-
t d earl for rograms already under [Mr. TOWER], and the distinguished
ac
p
e y y
Who really is the enemy of the Americana r
in Vietnam? What does this enemy want? way, it is clear that both of these men en- senior Senator from Delaware [Mr.
Why do the Americans always fail to recog- visage massive expenditures. WILLIAMS] will have some remarks to
nize nationalism and its human aspirations? Three questions present themselves at make on this bill but that it will not be
Not recognizing it they destroy it. By op- once: (a) is such a program needed, (b) can concluded this evening.
posing it as is happening in this country, the country afford it, and (c) will it do the Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, the
they drive it to self-defeating dependence trick? committee bill, S. 3688, has as its pur-
ism major communists powers. National- It does not seem to us that there can be
ism is a taboo subject in Vietnam. any doubt but that something of a massive pose to stimulate the flow of mortgage
The Vietnam soldier's part in this war. and deep-going nature is needed. Efforts so credit for FHA- and VA-assisted resi-
They are undisciplined, they are lazy and far have clearly not succeeded in outrooting dential construction.
they smoke and chat too much while on the cause of racial unrest, Indeed, such un- This would be done in two ways: First,
patrol duty according to their American rest appears to be spreading. It is by now it would provide new borrowing authority
counterparts. Their disinterestedness is a truism that the racial situation cannot be to the secondary mortgage facility of the
shocking and they are consistent deserters. permitted to drag along, gradually worsening, Federal National Mortgage Association
Then they are said to create situations in without some new, inspired and workable ef- Federal Nzi o FNMA to issue de Association
order to increase American involvement in fort to correct it. by authoribentures.
the war. "They would rather join bicycle , Although we assume that Dr. King's figure up to 15 times its capital instead of the
races than help us fight their war," said one was merely a general one, it would seem that current authority of. 10 times. The effect
soldier, who also suspected that the Viet- the American economy (estimated to be of this is to add about $2 billion new
namese is more interested in making a "fast presently growing at the rate of between $40 purchasing authority under this facility.
buck than anything else." and $50 billion a year) could absorb without Second, the bill would further increase
Medicine man America. To an Igorot like too great sacrifice such an effort. Indeed, FNMA's purchasing authority by author-
exercise America is a medicine man who is out to the question might arise: Can America af-
ford not to make such an effort? Further- izing an additional $1 billion in its special
exeocise the "forces of evil" from a people more, if such a program is reasonably suc- assistance function to purchase FHA and
who refuse to give it up. That their p- cessful, it could be expected to accelerate VA mortgages which do not exceed
Igorot "divinationMumbonong" (priestess). than that Take their y the nation's economic growth, becoming $15,000.
"domino theory" as an example, a clear thereby in whole or in part self-liquidating. One of the most critical problems fac-
thinking American cannot believe this and It is, of course, utterly impossible to say frig our economy today is the shortage
there are many more of them than their op- whether even an effort of this size will, in
posites. Where did the American policy mak- fact, "do the trick." of mortgage capital for home financing.
ers get the idea that if Vietnam falls to Com- It depends upon the extent to which these The homebuilding industry is suffering
munist control, the whole of Southeast Asia programs are oriented both toward providing one of its worst setbacks, from which it
will be swallowed? greater opportunities and toward encourag- may not recover for many years to come.
if America wants to play medicine man ing those improvements in mental, moral, Building materials producers, real estate
to the entire world they should start learn- and social conditions which will enable slum- brokers, furnituremakers, and many
ing more subtle techniques in divination and dwellers to make adequate use of improved other related activities are feeling the
more gentler methods of exercising "forces conditions. Spending large sums of money pinch of the mortgage credit shortage.
of evils." This is only proper for their pres- will not solve the problem unless it stimu- More important, families seeking homes
ent role as the greatest, richest and most lates the deep-seated changes in attitudes, cannot buy even those houses already
advanced nation in the world. education, standards of conduct, and em-
ployability which are at the heart of the built because of the shortage of mort-
A MASSIVE PROGRAM
Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr.
President, on Monday I delivered a
speech in Jackson, Miss., in which I
called for a much greater commitment
to the upgrading of the life of the Negro
in this country than we are making now.
In this connection I ask unanimous
consent to enter into the RECORD an
editorial from the Christian Science
Monitor . of August 9, which shows quite
forcefully the steps we must take in this
direction and the reasons we must take
problem. gage credit.
A year ago, following the Watts rioting, Mr. President, a recent survey of the
these columns called for massive, nation- impact of the credit shortage on future
wide effort on behalf of the Negro. We be-
lieve that such a need is even more apparent plans of the Nation's homebuilders re-
today. But such an effort will be fruitless vealed that residential construction
unless it simultaneously accomplishes three starts will be down by about one-third
things. The first is the elimination of the for the remainder of this year: The
physical conditions of slum living. The sec- latest monthly starts figures from the
and is the elimination of those barriers of Department of Commerce show residen-
prejudice and discrimination which have tial construction proceeding in June at
helped force the Negro into the alums. The
third is the elimination of those mental, so- an average annual rate of 1,264,000-
cial, and moral legacies of the past which down 18 percent from June of 1965.
help perpetuate the problem. There are predictions that this rate will
drop substantially below this in the
coming months.
There being no objection, the editorial A1-IMULitlION ur? irlr; .V W W ur' Mr. President, this situation is very
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, MORTGAGE CREDIT FOR FHA- disturbing to me, as I am sure it is to
as follows: AND VA-ASSISTED RESIDENTIAL others who are concerned not only about
[From the Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 9, CONSTRUCTION homebuilding, but also about providing
1966] Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I decent housing for our people. We real-
A MASSIVE PROGRAM consent that the Senate ize that the basic cause of the mortgage
It seems likely that the American people ask unanimous credit shortage is the overall shortage of
will soon be asked if they are prepared to proceed to the consideration of Calendar capital needed to finance an economy
spend large sums of money (and how much) No. 1393, S. 3688. operating at full capacity levels. I un-
for an all-out attack on those conditions The PRESIDING OFFICER, The bill derstand this, but I do not believe that
producing today's racial unrest. When two will be stated by title. it is fair for homebuilders and home buy-
such national figures as McGeorge Bundy, The ASSISTANT LEGISLATIVE CLERK, A ers to have to carry such a heavy share
former Wfiite House special assistant and bill (S. 3688) to stimulate the flow of of this burden.
now head of the Ford Foundation, and mortgage credit for Federal Housing Ad-
America's foremost Negro public figure, the There are a number of remedies pro-
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., raise the ministration and Veterans' Administra- posed to ease the shortage of capital on
same question at almost the same moment, tion assisted residential construction. our economy and to create a better cli-
we can be fairly sure that here is an issue The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there mate for mortgage lending. The Com-
about which we shall all hear much in the objection to the request of the Senator mittee on Banking and Currency is con-
near future: from Montana? sidering these proposals and may make
Dr. King has proposed'that during the next
10 years the United States spend $10 billion There being no objection, the Senate some recommendations in the future.
yearly for a kind of homefront Marshall proceeded to consider the bill. Unfortunately, there are many problems
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August
in developing a consensus on the steps
to take for a long-range remedy because
of the involvement of so. many groups
whose interests may be seriously affected
by the pending proposals.
Fortunately, however, the committee
knew of no serious disagreement about
the FNMA proposal now before us and
gave strong bipartisan support for its
quick passage by the Senate. Senator
JOHN TOWER, ranking minority member
of the Banking and Currency Committee,
had introduced in the Senate S. 3482
which contained a FNMA provision sim-
ilar in part to those in my bill S. 3529
which I had introduced on June 21. Sen-
ator TOWER can speak for himself, but
I believe he strongly supports the bill now
before the Senate.
Mr. President, the bill before the Sen-
ate has two sections. Section 1 would
provide new borrowing authority to the
secondary mortgage facility by authoriz-
ing FNMA to issue debentures up to 15
times its capital instead of the current
authority of 10 times. The effect of this
is to add about $2 billion new purchasing
authority under this facility.
Mr. President, I have a table which
shows the status of the secondary mar-
ket operation under FNMA. Under ex-
isting law, FNMA's borrowing authority
is $4,016,256,930, whereas, under the pro-
posed amendment, its borrowing author-
ity would amount to $6,024,385,395, which
amounts to an increase of about $2 bil-
lion. The existing unused borrowing au-
thority is now $746,926,930; so that once
this bill becomes law, the association
would have a total unused borrowing au-
thority of about $2.7 billion. I ask unan-
imous consent to place in the RECORD
the FNMA table.
There being no objection, the table
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Federal National Mortgage Association,
secondary market operations, private bor-
rowing authority
Capital and surplus (author-
ized at June 30, 1966)-.---- $401,615,693
10-fold borrowing leverage
(authorized) -------------- 4, 016, 256, 930
15-fold borrowing leverage
(authorized plus 50 per-
cent) S. 3688-------------- 6,024,385,395
CAPITAL AND SURPLUS AT JUNE 30, 1966
Preferred stock authorized--
Common stock subscription
and paid-In capital sur-
plus ---------------------
Preferred and Common
equity -------------------
BORROWINGS AT JUNE 30, 1966
Debentures ---------------- 2, 180, 050, 000
Short-term discount notes__ 1, 089, 280, 000
U.S. Treasury, Interim ------- 0
Total ---------------- 3,269,330,000
Borowing authority June 30_- 4, 016,256, 930
Approximate unused borrow-
ing authority------------- 746, 926, 930
At June 30, 1966, $141,820,305 preferred
stock was being utilized.
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President,
':FNMA has placed restrictions on the
purchasing of mortgages under its sec-
ondary market operations because of the
concern that its funds would be quickly
dissipated under current conditions. It
has placed a ceiling of $15,000 on the
amount of the mortgage it will buy. It
has reduced the price to as low as 95 for
53/4 percent mortgages and it has lim-
ited its purchases to highly selective and
good quality mortgage loans. Despite
these limitations, the offerings have been
so great that FNMA has purchased in
the last month at an average weekly rate
of about $43 million.
The pending bill would alleviate
FNMA's problem and permit it to revise
upward its ceiling of $15,000 and remove
much of its present restrictions.
Section 2 of the bill would also in-
crease FNMA's purchasing authority
under its special assistance function
with a $1 billion new authority in order
to provide funds for financing low-cost
housing which is not available under
existing market conditions. This pro-
vision would limit the mortgage amount
to $15,000 on FHA- and VA.-assisted
mortgages. The funding would come
from two sources-$500 million from the
Presidential authority, which now has
an uncommitted balance of about $1.8
billion, and $500 million new Treasury
borrowing. In view of FNMA's new au-
thority to sell participations, the impact
on the budget of such borrowing should
be minor.
There has been some concern that the
$500 million to be taken from the Presi-
dential fund will deny some funds to the
FHA section 221(d) (3) program. This
concern is without foundation because
$950 million of that fund is now sched-
uled for use in 1968 and 1969. All the
amendment would do is to borrow from
that part of the Presidential fund which
the President has reserved for fiscal year
1969. Our problems today surely ought
to be taken care of first before we worry
about 1969. Those who express concern
about this should be assured that ade-
quate funds will be available to take care
of section 221(d) (3) when the need is
truly demonstrated.
The purpose of the new purchasing
authority is to provide adequate funds
for FNMA operations so that it can buy
higher priced mortgages in its secondary
market function and at the same time
provide a market for lower priced mort-
gages in its special assistance function.
These two operations, acting in conjunc-
tion with each other, I believe, will be a
helpful support to the mortgage money
market at this particular period.
I understand there has been some con-
cern expressed about the $15,000 ceiling
in the bill for the special assistance
mortgages. Some homebuilders claim
they cannot build homes today within
this ceiling and therefore it should be
raised or removed. I cannot understand
this because I have figures to show that
FHA is insuring at prices well within this
ceiling.
According to figures given to me by the
Federal Housing Administration, the
range of averages for mortgages insured
wider section 203(b) during the last
quarter of 1965 indicates that FHA has
been insuring at levels well within the
proposed $15,000 ceiling.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to place in the RECORD a table show-
ing the FHA average mortgage amounts
by State and by region for section 203(b)
mortgages during the last quarter of
1965.
There being no objection, the table was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows :
Average mortgage amount for proposed new
homes with FHA-insured mortgages under
sec. 203(b), 4th quarter 1965--Range of
averages within region
Connecticut______________ (1)
Maine (1)
Massachusetts ------------ $15,01,11
New Hampshire, ---------- (1)
Rhode Island------------- (1)
Vermont---------------- (1)
Middle Atlantic______________ --------
New Jersey_______________ 16, 160
New York______________ 15, 065
Pennsylvania_____________ 14,692
East North Central__________--------
Illinois
___________________ 16,255
Indiana----------____-- 14,961
Michigan ----------------- 14, 725
Ohio--------------------- 15,628
Wisconsin ------------ - 15,995
West North CcnLnil__________
Iowa--------------------- 15,981
Kansas-------__-- (1)
Minnesota________________ 17,388
Missouri.. _ _ ______________ 15, 519
Nebraska---------------- 16,234
North Dakota ------------ (1)
South Dakota ------------ (1)
South Atlantic_______________ _____ __
Delaware____16,462
District of Columbia_____ (9
Florida_____________15,604
Georgia------------------ 15, 568
Maryland________________ 14,167
North Carolina-__________ 15,327
South Carolina----------- 14,917
Virginia__________________ 16,012
West Virginia ------------ (1)
East South Central___________ ________
Alabama----------------- 16, 008
Kentucky________________ 14,270
Mississippi_______________ 14,560
Tenn essee----------------- 15,124
West South Central_________ --------
A rkansas --------------- 14,773
Louisiana________________ 17,072
Oklahoma________________ 14, 410
'1'exas____________________ 14,965
Mountain ------------------
-----------------------
Arizona________ _____ -- -
15,236
Colorado_________________ -16,409
Idaho____________________ 16,938
Montana_________________ 16,569
Nevada------- --------- 17,306
New Mexico______________ 16,943
Wyoming--------------- (1)
Utah_____________________ 16,114
Pacific Coast States__________ ______
California________________ 19,493
Oregon------------------ 14,586
Washington______________ 17,125
Alaska_______________________ 29,298
Hawaii--------------------- - 21, 970
Puerto Rico__________________ 15,598
Low
sic, 051
14, 167
16,462
- ------- ---------
-------- ---------
-------- ---------
-------- --------
---- --------
14, 586 19, 493
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President,
these figures clearly show that home-
builders have, in fact, been building at
levels averaging around $15,000 in almost
all regions of the United States. It seems
to me that when the Federal Government
uses special assistance funds, they should
be only for homes priced at a level that
families of low and moderate income
can buy. The need is obviously greatest
at this level and I believe that the Fed-
eral Government should direct its great-
est effort to the greatest need.
Mr. TOWER. Mn President, I ask
unanimous consent that during con-
sideration of the FNMA bill, the housing
bill, the urban mass transportation bill,
and the comprehensive city demonstra-
tion bill, that necessary and appropriate
staff members be given the privilege of
the floor and admitted to the Chamber.
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well with strained meat blended with the old
standby.
The University of Hawaii has become ex-
tremely interested in the case. Nutrition
experts there have been corresponding with
the Morrison and ask to be kept informed
of the infant's progress.
And the parents, needless to say, are re-
lieved-and thankful.
"We aren't calling Teresa Wyatt Urp any-
more," Morrison said with a grin. `Now I
suppose we'll have to come up with some
11
sort of a Hawaiian nickname for her ...
French Guiana: A New "In" Place
Russian Missile Launchers?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
Or ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 10, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELIi Mr. Speaker, a re-
port of particular importance to the
United States, by Richard Lewis in the
Chicago Sun-Times of August 7, 1966,
discusses the possibilities of the estab-
lishment by the Russians of rocket-
launching facilities in the Western Hem-
isphere, as a result of the French-Soviet
agreement on space exploration. Mr.
Lewis speculates on the implications that
the French launching site may have for
the security of the hemisphere as a
whole and of the United States in par-
ticular. Considering the acute prob-
lems that have developed between France
and the United States-with which
President Johnson has not yet come to
grips-the question is obviously an im-
portant one.
This report Is timely and merits se-
rious attention and -I insert it in the
RECORD at this point:
FRENCH GUIANA: A NEW "IN" PLACE FOR
RUSSIAN MISSILE LAUNCHERS?
(By Richard Lewis)
While details of the Franco-Soviet deal
on space co-operation have not been made
public, American space experts concede it
has opened the door for Russian missilemen
to reestablish rocket launching facilities in
the Western Hemisphere.
This time, the scene would be French
Guiana on the northeast coast of South
America, about 2,000 miles south of Cuba
from which Russian rocketeers were evicted
in 1963.
France is completing a rocket range there
in the northern part of the territory, on a
strip of land 180 miles wide overlooking the
Atlantic Ocean.
The launch site is 5 degrees north of the
equator, making it ideal for launching sat-
ellites and probes into equatorial orbit, and
ment signed by French Foreign Minister the conditions of sharing Guiana space
Maurice Couve de Murville and Andrei A. facilities with any nation would be the sub-
Gromyko, Soviet minister of foreign affairs, ject of a special agreement with each one.
contemplates Russian use of the facility. The official French-Soviet declaration on
However, spokesmen for the National Aero- the matter issued June 30 states only that
nautics and Space Administration and the "the ministers of foreign affairs signed a co-
State Department's space "desk" say they operation agreement for the study and ex-
have not seen any details of this agreement. ploitation for space for peaceful ends, as well
Dr. Daniel Frerejacques, French scientific as an agreement on scientific, technical and
attache in Washington, said that both economic co-operation."
ELDO and NASA had been invited to launch Under such an agreement, the Russians
their own rockets from Guiana. The French could launch French satellites from space-
expected that NASA would pay the cost of its ports in Central Asia or use launch facili-
own service towers and launch control fa- ties on French soil.
cilities if France provided the pads, he said. So far, American space experts have been
Asked if a similar invitation had been content to and see what Guiana facility offers
extended to Russia, Frerejacques said it had Scientifically, the
Ons
not. The Russians have not requested several
that adedvarntagis ess as u rotaa tion launch siteprovides. a
launch facilities, hey would. and further, he tional boost to a satellite on an easterly
doubted that hat they One
.
Asked what his government's policy would launch, as at Cape Kennedy.
be if the Soviets should request the same So far, the possibility that the Russians
rocket launch privileges as NASA and ELDO, might sneak missiles back across the At-
Frerejacques said this would require a de- lantic under their space agreement with
cision at the highest government level. France has not raised visible concern in
range would open a missile corridor to the
soft underbelly of the United States early
warning systems. Except for surveillance
apparatus by the U.S. Southern Command
in the Panama Canal Zone, the main elec-
tronic pickets of the North American Air
Defense Command look north, to the Arctic.
So far, there is no official concern in this
country that Frence would allow Russia to
use the Guiana launch pads to threaten the
United States.
I h described the Guiana
e
late about it "at this point in time," as
NASA people are fond of saying.
It may be that American space officials are
hesitant to raise questions publicly that
might irritate the sensitivities of the French
government and abrade already taut
relations.
But these questions are being raised pri-
vately1 So far, no answers have been made
The enc av
range specifically as a space research launch
W
'
F
d b
rance
s
y
facility only, built and operate
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, or space Nixon's Candid Appraisal of the Vietnam
study center. It will replace the Ham- Buildup
maguir proving grounds in the Sahara,
which France must evacuate by mid-1967
under an agreement with Algeria.
Consequently, it is assumed in NASA that
any rockets the Russians take to Guiana
would be designed for peaceful space
projgcts.
Speculatively, however, it has been
pointed out that Soviet satellite launch
vehicles are missiles, just as are U.S. Thor,
Atlas, and Titan rockets. Further, it is un-
likely that the Russians would? allow their
larger space carriers, which are secret, to be
launched by French crews.
Since France has invited the United States
to use Guiana, it could scarcely keep Russian
missiles out.
The only means of doing so would be to
bar all foreign missiles from Guiana pads,
allowing other nations to use only French
space carriers launched by French crews to
put their satellites in orbit. No such re-
striction was spelled out in the invitation to
the United States, and no one who has
studied the matter seriously believes there is
any in the Franco-Russian space agreement.
In fact, such a restriction would make the
Guiana port useless to the Russians for
space research, since the only space launcher
the French have developed is the Diamant.
This three-stage rocket standing 82 feet
high is capable only of lofting a 175-pound
payload into low Earth orbit. Its payload
capability is equivalent to that of the U.S.
Not far away is France's old, infamous penal Scout rocket, smallest space launcher in the
r
t
i
y.
nven
o
colony of Devil's Island. American
The French have invited the United States, Russian satellites have been heavy since our President's lugubrious foreign policy
the European Space Research Organization the beginning of the space age. Sputnik I, statements.
and the European Launcher Development launched nearly nine years ago, weighed 185 Mr. Speaker, I have unanimous con-
Organization to use the Guiana range. In pounds-nine pounds more than Diamant's sent that the aforementioned editorial
the case of the United States, the invitation present payload. On the other hand, if the be reprinted at this point in the RECORD:
was accompanied by a suggestion that some French allowed the Russians to haul big VIETNAM BUILDUP
financing would Pe helpful. rockets to Guinea, it would undoubtedly
The first section of the range, which is 12 generate serious tension in the Western Richard M. Nixon has been accused of play-
miles wide and about 90 miles long, is to be world and in Europe. tug some kind of political game in advocating
opened in 1968, when the French expect to Speculation about the Franco-Soviet the commitment of more troops and more air-
begin using it to test upper stages of their agreement in South American journals has power to the war in Viet Nam. But the fact
Diamant rocket. touched on this problem. So far, French seems to be quite to the contrary.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON.. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 10, 1966
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the Wash-
ington Evening Star in their editorial of
August 9, comments very favorably upon
Dick Nixon's latest assessment of the sit-
uation in Vietnam. The President con-
tinues to disavow the reports that his
military advisers are asking for a bigger
commitment of troops and materiel for
the Vietnam conflict as a condition prec-
edent to any foreseeable end to the
hostilities there.
True, Dick Nixon can be an artful po-
litical partisan, but he has always been
responsible in his criticism and in his
assessment of our situation abroad, He
has just as good a grasp of the world
situation today, with all his traveling and
contacts, as he did when he served with
such distinction as our Vice President.
As a matter of fact, his candid appraisals
and forthright statements are in marked
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Nixon made his statements as he was leav-
ing Saigon after meetings there with our high
echelon military and diplomatic leaders. Un-
doubtedly his comments were a reflection of
their views.
The former vice president called for a "sub-
atanttal" increase in American ground forces
and intensified bombing in the North. He
apparently had in mind an increase in Ameri-
can forces to around 600,000 men. He
thought that this, with heavier bombing,
could bring a military conclusion within two
or perhaps three years. Without this greater
effort, he seemed to think the war might
drag on for 10 to 20 years, as has been sug-
gested by some American military command-
ers, by Marshal Ky and even by Ho Chi Minh..
Nixon said he understood the difficulties
confronting the President in such a call-up,
and added that no President could make this
decision "in a political vacuum. Unless the
American people support such a decision it
would be self-defeating. It is time for the
United States to be united in this struggle.
Further debate as to our goal and objective
in Viet Nam can only delay the end of the
war, can only encourage the enemy."
As far as we can see, there is no partisan
political gimmick in any of this. On the
.contrary, coming from one of the two front-
running Republican presidential aspirants, it
could be helpful to the Democratic admin-
istration.
The President, for understandable reasons,
has not publicly mentioned any figure for the
eventual size of the American commitment in
Viet Nam, and there has been considerable
equivocating In the Pentagon as to the prob-
able duration of the war. One reason for this
probably is that no one knows the precise
answers.
It seems perfectly evident, however, that
the American buildup will continue, and may
very well reach 500,000.. Nor does an early
end to the war appear, likely. In these cir-
cumstances, it seems to us that the Nixon
statements were those of a responsible Amer-
lean, not the comments of a partisan nit-
picker.
Great Society Fiscal Policies Trigger Cur-
rent Labor-Management Difficulty
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. E. Y. BERRY
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 10, 1966
Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, the pres-
ent airline strike and the possible inter-
vention by Congress in this dispute point
the finger of blame at the actual root
of the trouble which is the Great So-
ciety's unwise fiscal policy.
Inflation, skyrocketing Government
spending and a 3.5 percent jump in the
cost of living in the past year are the
principal reasons why the American
public is now inconvenienced by the
strike.
No one can realy blame American
labor for their fear that any contractual
gains will only be lost in the galloping
inflation. And no one can really blame
business which is feeling the pinch re-
sulting from inflation.
More than likely Congress will act this
week, but the chief cause of the difficulty
will remain. Administration-fostered
inflation will continue to hamper both
business and labor.
Civil Rights Act of 1966 the dream of an open society which wel-
HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 9, 1966
The House in Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union had un-
der consideration the bill (H.R. 19:765) to
assure nondiscrimination in Federal and
State jury selection and service, to facilitate
the desegregation of Rrublic education and
other public facilities, to provide judicial re-
lief against discriminatory housing prac-
tices, to prescribe penalties for certain acts
of violence or intimidation, and for other
purposes.
Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Chairman, I will
vote for the 1966 Civil Rights Act al-
though I am concerned and disappointed
that title IV of the bill has been amend-
ed to eliminate large areas of housing
from its provisions, .and although I be-
lieve that the amendment to title V in-
troduced by the gentlemen from Florida
represents an unfortunate response to an
unfortunate situation.
However, Mr. Chairman, this legisla-
tion, and particularly title IV, is of the
greatest of significance for millions of
Americans whose rights it assures and
protects. And, importantly, it also pro-
tects the rights of those who follow us.
For, by 1975, the population of the
United States will jump to almost 223
million, a rise from present levels of
about 25 million citizens, equal to the
entire U.S. population in the immediate
pre-Civil War period. Between 1960 and
1975, the urban population alone will
skyrocket from 125 to 171 million. In
1975, there will be roughly 91/2 million
more households in the United States
than presently, and more than 20 mil-
lion new housing units will be built in
new suburban and exurban communities
which will virtually double our Nation's
metropolitan areas,
The great question then, Mr. Chair-
man, is whether a large portion of those
new people in those new households, in
addition to the current population, will
face discrimination in housing merely be-
cause of their skin color, religion, or na-
tional origin? How many of those new
people would have to face the stigma
of living in a slum or a ghetto if we
do not pass title IV of the 1966 Civil'
Rights Act-even in its weakened form
as amended?
Mr. Chairman, it would be the great-
est of tragedies if the new communities
which will explode across the face of our
nation during the next decade are not
open to all citizens on a free and equal
basis, as their purses and their tastes
lead them. This legislation mandates a
national commitment to close the door
once and for all on those backward few
among us who would welcome only some
Americans into these.new cities, and who
would exclude by group label millions
of other American citizens.
At last we will have placed the ma-
jesty of our Federal Government behind
comes all Americans into free and equal
participation.
Knoxville Endorsed Tax Sharing
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 10, 1966
Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, last year I
introduced legislation-H.R. 10696-
which would authorize the Federal Gov-
ernment to return up to 5 percent of its
income to the States to help finance their
educational systems. I have been heart-
ened by the support the tax-sharing con-
cept has received from educators, econ-
omists, Governors, Members of Con-
gress, and local governments. Now, I am
'hppy to include among the support of
this legislative approach to relieving the
financial pinch on local and State gov-
ernments the Knoxville, Tenn., City
Council. I have unanimous consent that
a resolution adopted on June 28, 1966 by
the city council be printed in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD:
RESOLUTION 3429
Resolution of the Council of the City of
Knoxville endorsing a proposal calling for
the return of a portion of Federal income
tax funds to local communities without
conditions as to use
Whereas, conventional methods of local
taxation throughout the United States and
specifically including Knoxville and Knox
County are rapidly approaching the limits of
financial endurance by local taxpayers; and
Whereas, the 19,66 United States Confer-
ence of Mayors has adopted a resolution
calling upon the President and Congress to
consider and adopt a tax sharing program
under which a portion of the Federal Income
Tax will be returned directly to local com-
munities without conditions as to use; and
Whereas, such a program will reduce the
need for the ponderous and costly Federal
bureaucracy which currently operates to dis-
tribute Federal Funds to local communities
and units of government through Federal
grants; and
Whereas, the delays encountered in
processing applications for Federal Funds
and in returning such funds to Local Gov-
ernments would be eliminated to the benefit
of the local taxpayers from whom such funds
are derived; and
Whereas, the leaders of local units of Gov-
ernment are in the best position to deter-
mine the needs of their own communities and
make proper use of such funds; and
Whereas, the provision of Federal Funds
through restrictive and complicated Federal
programs seriously encroaches upon the right
of the people to govern themselves, does not
make the most economic use of the tax dol-
lar, and does not allow the most proper
management of local fiscal affair.
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the coun-
cil of the city of Knoxville:
SECTION 1. That this Council does hereby
commit Its unqualified endorsement to the
proposal that a percentage of the Federal
Income Tax collected be returned to the
communities from which it is derived, with-
out restriction or conditions as to the use
thereof.
SEC. 2. That the members of Congress rep-
resenting this area, the Senators of the State
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August 10, .1 966
CONGRESSIONAL RLCORD -HOUSE 18025
based upon a belief that such an alien could
easily return to his own country to procure
a visa, it is clear that such as assumption
is not valid for Cubans because they Can-
not return to their homeland for that pur-
pose.
The Department favors and supports the
objectives of H.R. 15183 and, accordingly,
the Department of Justice recommends en-
actment of this bill...
ATTORNEY GENERAL SAYS CIVIL
RIGHTS MOVEMENT TARGET OF
COMMUNISTS'
(Mr. EVINS of Tennessee (at the re=
quest of Mr. GILLIGAN) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and td include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, the wave of riots and anarchy which
has erupted in many of the larger cities
has been a cause of great concern to all
of us.
One of the most disturbing aspects of
this civil strife has been the similarity of
the consistent pattern 'and techniques
that appear in these outbreaks of vio-
lence and the modus operandi of the
Communist Party in its agitation around
the world. This has raised a question as
to whether, and to what extent, these
riots have been influenced by Commu-
nists.
Columnist Jack Anderson said in the
Washington Post of July 27 last:
The FBI has positive evidence that pro-
fessional Communist agitators have helped
to stir up recent Negro riots.
I am aavlsea Gnus 411V
Investigation has found indications that ter- overwhelming majority of civil rights leaders
tain of these riots are Communist inspired in this country, both Negro and white, have
and agitated. In this connection, I would recognized and rejected Communism as a
now like for you to send me a substantive menace to the freedoms of all. But there are
report on the result of the FBI's investiga- notable exceptions-dangerous opportunists
tion Into what the this has Increasing what isactin form an alliance with any aorganization, re-
has been taken, what action is being taken gardless of its nature, to advance their own
and what specific action is planned. power and prestige."
An immediate report on this is urged and With regard to suggestions in the public
will be appreciated. press that some of the recent strife may have
With kindest regards and best wishes, I the Revolutionary Act on,Mo ement (RAM),
am
Very sincerely yours, or similar organizations, I can say that we
JOE L. EvfNS, do not have sufficient evidence at this time
Member of Congress.- to support such a conclusion.
Every effort is made to keep abreast of
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,
Washington, August 8,1968.
s
E
,
vIN
Hon. JOE L.
House of Representatives, of Investigation has always provided excel-
Washington, D.C. lent coverage of Communist Party and other
DEAR MR. CONGRESSMAN: This is in reply subversive activities, and all pertinent in-
to your letter of July 27, 1906, concerning formation developed by the FBI Is regularly
the
possible Communist-inspired or -agitated furnished to the appropriate
riots and civil strife. executive departments and agencies of the
With reference to those demonstrations di- Federal Government. When sufficient evi-
rected primarily against our policy in Viet- dence is available to show that a federal eta-
nam, the organization known as Students tute has been violated, this Department will tak
appropriate
ction. for a Democratic Society
9, key participant. has nt it In prI trmptl ust th tothe fo egoingawill be of assist-
been an organizer or r key p P
October of 1905 the Attorney General in- ance to you. If I can be of help in any other
structed the FBI to determine the extent matter, please do not hesitate to communi-
of Communist infiltration in the SDS. cate with me.
Literature distributed by the SDS die- Sincerely,
'closes that in 1905 a group of students and J. WALTER YEAGLEY,
young professionals banded together to form Assistant Attorney General.
the Intercollegiate Socialist Society which in
1017 changed its name to the League for In- From the Washington (D.C.) Post, July 27,
dustrial Democracy. The literature claims 1966]
that during the 1020's the Student League for . SAME REDS IN 2 CrrIE's' RIOTS
Industrial Democracy, the student depart- (By Jack Anderson)
ment of the League for Industrial Democracy, The FBI has positive evidence that rofes-
distributed socialist literature, organized aid i
it it t h h 1 d to
eve a
r
e
l C
In the same connection, I wrote the for striking workers and the unemployed.
Honorable Nicholas deB. Katzenbaoh, fought R.O.T.C. programs on college
campuses, and organized student strikes for
Attorney General of the United States peace. According to the literature, the Stu-
on October 20, 1965, and again July 27 dent League for Industrial Democracy was
last; requesting an investigation to de- reorganized in 1960 as the Students for 'a
termine whether, and to what extent, Democratic erated an autonomous cnd since 162has -
CommuniAt infiltration and incitement ra d a and the bodeissued. a In joint ito 1op 1965
had contributed the riots and civil the
ment in which they mutually agreed to sever
strife that have been occurring. connections and disassociate.
By letter dated August 8, 1966, Mr. J. Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bu-
Walter Yeagley, Assistant Attorney Gen- roan of Investigation, has reported in "Tur-
eral, Internal Security Division, Depart- bulence, on the Campus" as follows:
ment of Justice, has written to me in "At the core of the extremist elements of
reply to my letter to Attorney General the New ft are doctrines civil this edi-
Katzenbach, pointing up the investiga- the ence, and a disrespect for to rour evolt against constitutional pour roo-
tions currently underway, and making e111, co-
nomic, political, and social system. One of
Other pertinent comments regarding the the most vociferous groups in the New Left,
violence, which I believe will be of in- is the Students for a Democratic Society,
subversive activity for purposes of formulat-
ink policy, initiating prosecutions, and pro-
n
ommu S ag a o
s
p
s ona
stir up recent Negro riots.
This doesn't mean that the riots were pro-
voked or controlled by the Communists.
However, some of the same agitators who
helped fire the mobs in Los Angeles were
spotted egging on the rioters in Chicago.
The FBI also has evidence that the teen-
age gangs were taking orders from adults be-
hind the scenes. Some messages were ac-
tually transmitted in code over a Chicago
radio station.
What worries government officials is that
similar riots are planned for other cities, in-
cluding New York City, Baltimore and Wash-
ington.
(Mr. CRALEY (at the request of Mr.
GILLIGAN) was granted permission to.
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. GRALEY'S remarks will appear
hereaftel\In the Appendix.]
Post dated July 27, 1966. "'We are a socialist youth organ and con-n I EFFE~I~- OF VIETNAM CONFLICT
The letters and article follow: Sider ourselves a revolutionary organizatio
__ ,,..,ro.,...., ,a,. ,,,,+ t,ai+a"" Fo Ipty ran ON AMERICAN POLITICS
terest to my colleagues and others. many of whose members dress in beatnik
I ask unanimous assent that the letter style. Here are some typical comments heard
from Mr. J. Walter Yeagley be included at a recent meeting of this group:
in the RECORD, together with my own - "'When we have this utopia where every-
letter to Attorney General Katzenbaoh, body only works two hours a day, the proc-
and the press report in the Washington esscs of redistribution of power and economy
will take care of themselves.' "
Hon. NICHOLAS DEE, KATZENBACH, be reformed as it presently exists.' " (Mr. CRALEY (at the request of Mr.
Attorney General of the United. States, With reference to disturbances involving GILLIGAN) was granted permission to ex.
Department of Justice, - - racial issues, the Attorney General and the GIL his remarks granted this point it the
Washingtion, D.C. - Director of the Federal Bureau of Investiga-tend DEAR MR. ATTORNEY GENERAL: On October tion have pointed out on a number of oe- RECORD and to include extraneous
20, 1965, I wrote you requesting an investiga- casions that the civil rights movement is an matter.) . - . --
tiori of the extent of Communist infiltration obvious target for Communist Infiltration, . Mr. CRALEY. Mr. Speaker, I should -
and incitement of the riots and civil strife and its leaders should continue to be alerted like to include in the RECORD the contin-
that have been occurring-and are continu- to this possibility. uation of a series of articles on the
ing to occur in major cities of our Nation. Mr. Hoover, in an address delivered before American economy, the first of which I
It appears that rather than diminishing the the Pennsylvania Society and the Society of American to the RECORD first of The
riots are increasing to the point that in Pennsylvania Women, stated:
some cities Virtual anarchy prevails in cer- "Let me emphasize that the American civil article, taken from the New York Times,
rain areas. Approved For Releas?gibLv111A'kbpm461O6?6 Tom Wicker's
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDPVBOO46R000400100016-0
CONGI;.,._~;i1ONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 10, 1966
analysis of the effects of the Vietnam
conflict on the American economy, this
one discussing the impact on politics:
POLITICIANS SEE WAR ISSUE HURTING DEMO-.
CRATS IN FALL-PARTY'S CANDIDATES EX-
PECTED To SUFFER UNLESS THE CONFLICT?Is
'GOING WELL'-JOHNSON'S GRIP FOUND
WEAKER
(This is the second of four articles in
which correspondents of The New York
Times estimate the impact of the Vietnam
war on the American economy, the nation's
politics, the lives of its citizens and its for-.
eign policy.)
(By Tom Wicker)
WASHINGTON, August 8.-Glenn Carney,
whose work as a lobbyist and public rola-
tigns man for the Anaconda Copper Com-
pany has made him an astute and experi-
enced analyst of Montana politics, was asked
recently what effect the war in Vietnam
would have on Democratic Senator LEE MET-
CALF'S re-election chances.
"The better the war goes," Mr. Carney said,
"the more it helps the Democrats. The worse
it goes, the more it helps the Republicans."
The answer was somewhat paradoxical be-
cause the Senator has been a mild critic of
the war, one of 15 Senators who signed a
letter to President Johnson in January ask-
ing him not to resume the bombing of North
Vietnam. His conservative Republican op-
ponent, Gov. Tim M. Babcock, intends to
make that letter a campaign issue.
Nevertheless, polticial analysts, candidates,
reporters and strategists across the nation
tend to agree with Mr. Carney's assessment
of the impact of the war on American
politics.
They also tend to agree that the war, as
yet, is not "going well enough" to be of
assistance to the Democrats in this year's
elections. In fact, most politicians believe
that if anything, the war issue is likely to be
damaging to Democratic candidates this
year.
Gov. Grant Sawyer of Nevada, for example,
a supporter of the Johnson policy, neverthe-
less believes that the frustrations and uncer-
tainties of the war will do him more harm
than good in his re-election campaign. Eu-
gene Nickerson, a leading candidate for the
Democratic nomination for Governor of Now
York, has said that he expects his party to
"get it from both sides"-from those who
want a. greater peace effort and those who
want a stronger war effort. -
There 1s even wider agreement among po-
litical figures, however, that no sure predic-
tions can be made. The dominant fact of
politics today is that candidates and man-
agers all over the country are nervous about
what the war means to them, hesitant as to
the safest or most profitable position to
take, and in many cases reluctant to discuss
it publicly.
Despite the prevailing uncertainties about
Its direct effect on the over-all campaign this
year, or any specific election this year or later,
it is plain that the impact of the Vietnam
war on American politics has been sharp and
perhaps in some ways lasting.
JOHNSON ON THE SPOT
It has embroiled the President in the major
controversy of his career, cracked if not shat-
tered the overwhelming consensus he was able
to build up and maintain well past his land-
slide election in 1964, shifted attention from
the domestic legislative achievements that he
and his party registered in 1064 and 1965,
shaken his once powerful influence in Con-
gress, reawakened the liberal-to-left opposi-
tion his domestic successes and his campaign
against Barry Goldwater had silenced, and
may well have focused his political future
and that of isi Administration on the out-
Because he has loyally supported Mr. John-
son on the Vietnam issue, Vice President
HUMPHREY has been damaged With the liberal
elements of the Democratic party on which
he has based his career..
? Aside from the fact that he must sink or
swim with Mr. Johnson's policy, Mr. I-lUM-
PHaEY at the very least has net been able to
enhance his own chances for a future Presi-
dency, and probably has seen those chances
diminish.
KENNEDY WINNING SUPPORT
On the other hand, as Mr. Johnson's left
flank has become politically exposed,. Senator'
ROBERT F. KENNEDY of New York has become
the most obvious rival to the President for
the leadership of the Democratic Party. By
cautiously dissenting from the heavy re-
liance of the Administration on military ac-
tion, and by suggesting such diplomatic ini-
tiatives as direct dealings with the Commu-
nist Vietcong, Mr. KENNEDY has earned favor
among liberals who had formerly distrusted
him and appears now to be the political heir
of his brother, President Kennedy.
So sharply has M. KENNEDY emerged as an
apparent rival to the President that some
.danger may exist of a premature Presidential
boom on his behalf. He has denied any In-
tention to seok the Democratic nomination
in 1968 and few serious political figures at-
tribute any such ambition to hiln.
However, if a strong liberal move in his
behalf should develop-and it is talked of in
some political circles-it could seriously em-
barrass the President and Mr. KENNEDY, and
disrupt both the Democratic party and the
already strained relations between the two
men.
On the Republican side, the issue poses
both opportunity and danger, in 1966 and
1968. Although many Republicans hope
that a protest vote against Democratic man-
agement of the war will bring them signifl-
cant gains this year, most Republicans have
backed the President, either from conviction,
bipartisanship or a reluctance to appear to
be "playing politics with the war." Thus,
they cannot freely exploit whatever public
dissatisfaction with the war there may be.
For 1968, widespread and general frustra-
tion with the war and Mr. Johnson's leader-
ship would clearly provide the Republicans
with their best-perhaps their only-hope of
victory. Yet the party might experience con-
siderable difficulty in taking advantage of
such a situation.
For one thing it would require some sophis-
ticated political footwork for the Republican
party to provide a clear alternative to Mr.
Johnson's policy without becoming vulner-
able to charges of offering-in the President's
phrase of 1964-"more war or more appease-
ment"
For another thing, the gap on the Viet-
nam issue is widening between the two lead-
ing Republican Presidential contenders.
Former Vice President Richard M. Nixon has
consistently advocated a harder military line,
and could hardly campaign for the Presi-
dency on any other policy. Gov. George
Romney of Michigan, although he has both
muted and fuzzed his dissent, has clearly
tried to remain flexible enough to run some-
thing of a "peace campaign" if he is nomi-
nated in 1968.
Thus, a split on the Issue at the next
national convention could add to the already
deep divisions of the Republican party,
RADICAL WING DEVELOPING
There also exists, as a result of the Viet-
nam controversy, a possibility that could
have even more lasting effects than these.
There is now visible a movement toward a
Seizing on the "peace Issue," numerous
candidates have entered Congressional
races-in Connecticut, California, Now York,
Wisconsin, Oregon, New Jersey, Indiana and
elsewhere. Most are running as Democrats,
some as independents, but almost all outside
of or without the blessing of Democratic
leaders and organizations.
So far, little success for these candidates
is in sight-and two of the most vigorous
have gone down to defeat. In Oregon's
Democratic primary, Howard Morgan lost a
statewide race for the senatorial nomination
to Representative ROBERT B. DUNCAN, despite
the strong support of Senator WAYNE MORSE,
In California, a youthful radical editor,
Robert Scheer, offered a well-organized and
tough opposition to Representative JEFFREY
CoHELAN, an old-line liberal from the
Berkeley-Oakland area, but Mr. Scheer lost
a close race in the Democratic primary.
Nevertheless, the vigor and numbers of the
"peace candidates"-who "are distinct from
those otherwise regular Democrats who may
dissent from the President's lipo-is impres-
sive, and the Vietnam issue, if it remains
alive until 1988, could crystallize the so-
called "new left" into a potent new political
force.
NEGRO VOTE CITED
This prospect particularly' worries some
Democrats because they see the possibility
that the now left might absorb great num-
bers of Negro voters who in recent years have
supported Democratic tickets. Their reason-
ing is that these Negroes might become con-
vinced that war expenditures of money and
energy have halted the momentum of the
civil rights movement in the United States.
A politically powerful new left built on the
Vietnam and civil rights Issues appears un-
likely to most professional politicians. The
most far_sighted of them, however, are dis-
missing the possibility.
Nevertheless, for the immediate future,
only Glenn Carney's proposition that a suc-
cessful war is likely to benefit President
Johnson's party has any wide acceptance.
The basic problem for most politicians is
that they do not know whether to gamble on
that success, or on the alternative, possibility
that the war will drag on indecisively and
arouse strong opposition to those who have
managed and favored it.
This dilemma Is heightened by the fact
that many political figures today have two
elections in mind. Even those reasonably
convinced that there will be no striking suc-
cess in the war by November, 1066, cannot
be sure that such success will not have come
by the Presidential year of 1968.
"SUCCESS" NEEDS DEFINING
Another complicating question is how to
define success ' in the war. Would a negoti-
ated settlement provide a popular ending,,
or does the public mood nOw demand some
demonstrable military victory?
Opinion polls, after all, showed public ap-
proval both of the President's January
"peace offensive" and his decision in July
to bomb the oil dumps near Hanoi and
Haiphong.
Ultimately confusing the issue are two po-
litical truisms: One is that patriotism de-
mands support for American troops in ac-
tion, even from those who do not approve of
the war. The other is that In foreign crises
the general tendency of the American public
usually has been to support the President of
the United States. -
For all these reasons, only those candi-
dates this year who have firmly held views
of their own and who are willing to risk the
consequences of stating them are likely to
take particular issue with W. Johnson's
policy of a limited war for limited aims.
However, even those who are willing to
uvuao-..~ vvv.
Americans thou ~1~ S@o fr~B04i446R 4iQ6 0ih8 t China. Others
stall in voting for him. weakened the Republicans, wish to reduce by various means the present
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDP67B0044JR000400100016-0
August 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONA _ RECORD - HOUSE
level of the military effort, although most
stop short of urging complete withdrawal..
NO CLEAR-CUT PATTERN
Thus, as this year's political season moves
toward its climax in November, no clear-cut
pattern has developed around the' Vietnam
issue. Instead anomalies, contradictions
and surprises abound. Here are some
examples:
Many members of Congress who would
normally be eager to got home to their cam-
paigns in an election year are hoping the
current session drags on into the fall so that
they will not have to face too long a period
of challenge about Vietnam.
President Johnson, however, in several
early campaign forays, has made it plain
that he intends to make support for the war
a primary issue this fall-in defiance of the
uncertainty of other politicians, of the gen-
eral belief that his party's domestic record
provides a better political argument, and of
the fact that the most intense criticism of
the war has come from Democrats such as
Senators MORSE of Oregon and J. W. FCL-
BRIGHT of Arkansas. -
The prime political concern of the Demo-
cratic party this fall is to return to office
many of the bumper crop of freshman Demo-
crats who were elected to the House in the
Johnson landslide in 1064, and 48 of whom
won seats away from Republicans. However,
25 of these freshmen Democrats have tended
,toward criticism of the war effort, some even
to sharp disagreement.
it is generally believed that Gov. Mark O.
Hatfield of Oregon, one of the nation's better-
known Republicans, unnecessarily risked his
chances for election to the Senate by taking a
strong position in opposition to the war.
Now he is rated not much better than an
even bet against Democratic Republican
Duncan, who supports the President's policy
and probably would not have been in the
race had Mr. Hatfield not raised the Vietnam
issue.
In what in widely considered the most im-
portant race of the year-that between Gov.
Edmund G. Brown of California and his Re-
publican challenger, Ronald Reagan-the war
is not an issue at all, and neither candidate
gives any indication that he will mention it.
Finally, most political analysts believe that
the war, its frustrations and its peripheral
effects--after prices and "tight money," for
example-have badly damaged the President's
always tenuous popularity. These same ana-
lysts concede, however, that the "safest" po-
sition on the war is probably one of simple
support for the President's policy, because
he is assumed to be the man "in the best
position to know what to do."
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. GILLIGAN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at, the request of
Mr. GILLIGAN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr, FARNSLEY. ' Mr. Speaker, I
would like to include in the RECORD an
article that appeared in the Washington
Post of August 10, 1966, by Rowland
Evans and Robert Novak about "LBJ
and the Cities":
INSIDE REPORT: LI3J AND THE CITIES
(By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak)
Although saying little publicly about the
18027
tions in the Negro ghetto. 'rne 1.nszrres or-
flcials said no, they could never get enough
lifeguards.
Acting under presidential mandate, Cali-
fano discovered by one telephone call to the
Red Cross that a nonswimmer could become
a full-fledged lifeguard within four weeks,
a swimmer withth one week. The hydrants
wore turned on and pools were ordered.
Still another example. A month ago, the
President's top priority to the racial crisis
in the big cities, the demonstration cities
bill, was marked down as dated. Now, be-
growing crisis of the Negro revolution in the cause of presidential missionary work, it's
big cities, president Johnson is working given at least a 50-50 chance.
overtime in quiet ways to defuse the Nation's Although public silence conceals these
worst domestic problem. presidential initiatives, they prove how
. One revealing glimpse of Mr. Johnson's deeply aware Mr. Johnson is of the disaster
private efforts came in a conversation (fruit- 'that lurks in major American cities today.
less, as it turned out) with Senator ROBERT
BYRD of West Virginia, a conservative Demo-
crat and former Johnson ally who is now
systematically opposing Great Society Pro-
grams.
The call had one purpose: To line up
BYnD's voto in the Senate Appropriations
Committee last Thursday, when the rent-
supplement bill was to come up for decision.
Although this bill contains only $20 million
for a pilot rent-subsidy program designed to
break up Negro housing patterns in the big
cities, BYRD was adamant. He. told the Presi-
dent nol Said the Presiden, according to
BYRD's own account a few days later:
'All I'm trying to do is to help these people
got out of the ratholes and let? them see a
little sunlight."
BYRD, whose state has no major cities at
all, was unmoved. The problem, he told Mr.
Johnson, Is the Negroes themselves, not the
Government. When the President warned
that failure to make a start now at helping
the Negro masses in the North would guar-
antee a -far worse crisis in the future, BYRD
only shrugged his shoulders.
When the rent-supplement program was
approved in committee on a close vote last
Thursday, BYRD showed up with a couple of
proxies of absent Senators and cast them,
along with his own, against this modest pilot
program.
What the President attempted to do with
BYRD is only one small example-the tip of
the iceberg-of his desperate effort to take
the violence out of the Negro revolution.
For example, it is a well-kept secret that
Mr. Johnson has dispatched a top-level team
of White House aides to at least four major
cities in the North, and one in the South, to
discuss education, employment, housing-
and the racial crisis-with university and
political experts.
Headed by Joseph Califano, these White
House teams are giving the President new
insights into the problems of the big city,
the flight of the whites to the suburbs and
the dynamics of the Negro revolution. Harry
McPherson, the White House counsel, and
Douglass Cater, the President's chief for edu-
cational matters, also have been assigned by
the President to this work.
Beyond that, Mr. Johnson's personal inter-
vention in a problem right on his doorstep-
the possibility of a racial flare-up in the
Capital-is now being studied in governors'
offices across the country. When Mr. John-
son react a story in The Washington Post that
Negro children could not turn on the fire
hydrants in a bitter heat wave and play in
the spray (a problem that triggered the riots
on Chicago's West Side), ho ordered Califano
to stop in.
ran
s,
e
his office. Why no
y
Califano summoned District authorities to neys' fees will be an "amount equal to
he d
t
manded?
h
d
the reasonable value of the services ren-
ATTORNEYS' FEES BILL
(Mr. HATHAWAY (at the request of
Mr. GILLIGAN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD, and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HATHAWAY. Mr. Speaker, it is
indeed a pleasure to testify before this
distinguished subcommittee on a pro-
posed reform which I consider of the
utmost importance.
H.R. 12530, which I introduced in Feb-
ruary of this year, would remove arbi-
trary limitations upon attorneys' fees for
services rendered in proceedings before
administrative agencies.
At present, most Federal agencies are
hampered by statutory restrictions as to
attorneys' fees. Many of these limita-
tions are outdated and most award fees
which are not sufficient compensation for
the legal services rendered. The cost
of living has increased substantially
since many of these limits were set. In
some cases, attorneys are paid different
amounts when practicing before different
agencies though the nature of the work
is very similar.
My bill is in the spirit of the Admin-
istrative Procedures Act. For years,
Congress has sought to establish in the
administrative agencies as much uni-
formity as possible considering the many
diverse roles and responsibilities the Fed-
eral Government has assumed. The
Administrative Procedures Act is a testi-
mony to the success with which many
of the procedures of these agencies have
been simplified and their various proce-
dural differences minimized.
H.R. 12530 provides that all agencies
which are stung by restrictions as to
attorneys' fees would be governed by one
flexible standard in lieu of their present
economic differentiations in the matter
of attorneys' fees.
The basis established in this bill for
determining attorneys' fees is one that
has long served the legal profession well
This is the rule of reasonableness.
The affected agencies will be enabled
to enact such rules and regulations as
they deem proper to insure that attor-
LBJ AND THE CIT How much? No one knew. "' .?? ~' """
Califano demanded immediate answers present maximum and minimum limita-
(Mr. FARNSLEY (at the request of and got them. The amount of water ex- tions and any penalities which are pres-
Mr. GILLIGAN) was granted permission penned woulldl bbeei minuscule. What about ently imposed when these limitations
to extend his a hit s~? ~ >l b/Ly ngG 181 f~ 446 4o 100016-0. -
No. 131-11