STOP THE INVASION TALK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400100007-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: August 23, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

August` 23, 1966
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE
cording to the formula'which distributes
these Federal funds, the higher the per
capita income of a State, the lower the
Federal allotment percentage.
The District of Columbia since 1954
for the purposes of the act has been
treated as a State. During this time the
District has been among the top three
States as to its per capita income and
at the present time ranks at the top.
The District, an entirely urban area,
has a level of per capita income which,
while comparable to the level of other
central cities of standard statistical
metropolitan areas, is considerably above
the level of per capita income of States
where generally, the per capita income
of rural areas and small cities tends to
pull the level down. This results in the
District, being highest in per capita in-
come, receiving the smallest allotment
percentage-331/3 percent-and, there-
fore, a comparatively small allotment of
Federal funds.
The District's rehabilitation program,
although operating in only one large city,
has to cover both the functions and re-
sponsibilities for overall program direc-
tion ordinarily assumed by an agency of
State government, and those ordinarily
exercised by the State through its dis-
trict offices in cities, counties, and other
political subdivisions. This dual respon-
s bility, together with the needed expan-
sion of the vocational rehabilitation pro-
gram in the District, suggests that the
most equitable treatment would be that
used by the Congress in providing for
unique situations in other jurisdictions
which are not one of the 50 States.
The District of Columbia presently Is
not able to expand its program to greater
capacity, due mainly to its being con-
sidered under the Vocational Rehabilita-
tion Act as a State. The bill which I am
'introducing would increase the District
of Columbia's allotment percentage to 75
percent, the same as other jurisdictions
requiring special consideration, such as
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS AMEND-
MENTS OF 1966-AMENDMENTS
AMENDMENTS NOS. 759 AND 760
Mr. JAVITS submitted two amend-
ments, intended to be proposed by him,
to the bill (H.R. 13712) to amend the
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to ex-
tend its protection to additional employ-
ees, to raise the minimum wage, and for
other purposes, which was ordered to lie
on the table and to be printed.
(See reference to the above amend-
ments when submitted by Mr. JAVrTS,
which appear under separate headings.)
ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS OF BILL
AND JOINT RESOLUTION
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that, at its next
printing, the name of the Senator from
Arizona [Mr. BENNETT] be added as a co-
sponsor of the bill (S. 3207) to prohibit
desecration of the flag.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the name of
Senator PASTORE be added to the list of
cosponsors of the joint resolution I in-
troduced (S.J. Res. 85), proposing an
amendment to the Constitution relative
to equal rights for men and women, and
that his name be listed among the spon-
sors at the next printing of the joint
-_The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
19417
mulating programs to assure that every
"ounce of prevention" is made available
so that the lives of our elderly may be
even more enriched.
ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED
The Secretary of the Senate reported
that on today, August 23, 1966, he pre-
sented to the President of the United
States the following enrolled bills:
S. 602. An act to amend the Small Recla-
mation Projects Act of 1956; and
S. 2663. An act for the relief of Dinesh
Poddar and Girish Kumar Poddar.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
HARRIS in the chair). Is there further
morning business?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the
roll.
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
~
S OP THE INVASION TALK
the flamboyant young Prime Minister,
Ky, of the Saigon government recently
urged that instead of waging a long war
to win a victory in South Vietnam, North
Vietnam should be invaded by land forces
pouring over the 17th parallel from South
Vietnam and invading from the sea.
This was an irresponsible statement typi-
cal of the reckless and brash young
puppet that we have installed as head
of the Saigon government.
What is frightening is the fact that
Secretary of State Dean Rusk, when
asked to comment on this statement at
a press conference, said:
There is no policy desire to move into
North Vietnam or the demilitarized zone.
It will depend, Mr. Rusk said, "on the
turn of events; the commander will have
to do those things to protect the security
of his troops."
Mr. President, of course a field com-
mander has the obligation to do those
things necessary to protect the security
of his troops. However, the Founding
Fathers, the architects of our Constitu-
tion, provided that civilian authority
should always be supreme over the mili-
tary. If it is not our policy to move
into North Vietnam and the demilitar-
ANNOUNCEMENT OF HEARINGS,
SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH OF
THE ELDERLY
Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, I
would like to announce to the Senate
that the Health of the Elderly Subcom-
mittee of the Special Committee on Ag-
ing will hold hearings on September 20,
and 22. The subject of the hearings
21
,
lands. This change would be made at the will be "Detection and Control of Chronic
-in of a new fiscal year, July 1, Disease Utilizing Multiphasic Health
i
b
n
eg g
1966. Screening Techniques."
I ask unanimous consent that the bill Early returns from a number of health
be printed at this point in the RECORD. screening projects that have been in
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- operation in recent years indicate that
pore. The bill will be received and ap- the techniques developed thus far offer
will be dprint d without inbJthe detection of certain chronic their diseases the
t ion, rithe ybill referred;
RECORD. their early stages, in some instances be-
The bill (S. 3754) to amend the Voca- fore they become symptomatic.
tional Rehabilitation Act to provide a The 89th Congress has done much to
fixed allotment percentage for the Dis- better the health lives of the elderly, but
trict of Columbia, introduced by Mr. our efforts have been directed, primarily,
MORSE, was received, read twice by its to the treatment of the diseased elderly,
title, referred to the Committee on Labor rather than to preserving their health
and Public Welfare, and ordered to be in the first instance.
"An ounce of pre-
d
h
age,
e a
pri nted in the RECORD, as follows: Certainly t
8: 3754 vention is worth a pound of cure" has no Nation have the obligation to instruct
Be it enacted by the Senate and House greater application than in the field of our field commanders to keep their forces
of Representatives of the United States of health. It may well be that the "ounce out of areas where such a course of con-
America in -Congress assembled, That section of prevention" for many diseases is avail- duct might appear necessary to those
11(h) (1) (B) of the Vocational Rehabilita- able to us now in the appropriate use of field commanders, and Secretary of State
tion Act is amended by inserting "the Dis- space age technology adapted to health Rusk should have indicated in his press
trict of Columbia," after "the allotment problems. It is hoped that the hearings conference that this has been done.
on
percentage for". This is SEC, 2. The amendment made by the first will develop a,compendium of Aininfor- the Hart of outrageous, frightening
State Rusk.
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19418,
CONGRESSIONAL RECQRD - SENATE August 23, 1966
Mr. President, at one time it was con- war. It would alienate international opinion the front, who appeared on television and
s#dered unthinkable that we would get still further from United States policies, declared that it was a civil war.
involved in a war in southeast Asia. It Ultimately, it might mean disaster. Until the American people realize that
st ei]led unthinkable that we would bomb The United states has recently been bomb-
fianoi and Haiphong and other densely ing not only North Viet Nam but the buffer one in th we are the aggressors they will continue
ze vicinity of the Cambodian boy- to be deluded into thinking that we are
populated areas and kill many, many der, across which North Viet Namese troops pursuing a patriotic course of action.
civilians. It was unthinkable, so it are said to flee to sanctuaries. These raids, This delusion should be continually ex-
seemed, that we would one day have more different in kind from an invasion, are taking posed. I think it is important that the
than the 300,000 men of our Armed place as Ambassador Harriman prepares to American people learn that they have
truth and in fact, we now have approxi- go Cambodia tt of the Indochina been deceived and misled from the very
peaceful little country ou binning.
mately 500,000 men there, including our conflict. We certainly hope he succeeds eg
.
forces in Thailand and the including our Standing alone, Mr. Rusk's remarks are Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, once
not so disquieting as when placed in con- again I am honored and privileged to
men of our 7th Fleet in the Tonkin Gulf, junction with what Premier Ky said on two associate myself with the remarks of the
and in the South China Sea, Within a occasions within the last two weeks. In ef- Senator from Ohio [Mr. YOUNG] and the
short time, within a very short space of feet Ky posed the alternative of a war of Senator from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING], in
time, all of those "unthinkables" have five to 10 years duration or an invasion of respect to the unjustifiable course of ac-
come to pass. the North, which he said he did. not think Lion that the United States is following
It should be unthinkable that we would mean Chinese intervention. The State Department and has followed since the beginning in
would escalate this, miserable civil war refused to repudiate Ky's
statements; instead, it tried to dissociate it- conducting our unjustifiable, immoral,
in which we are involved in South Viet- self from Ky's proposals without appearing and illegal war in Vietnam.
nam to the extent of crossing the 17th to offend Ky. I particularly wish to associate my-
parallel and invading North Vietnam Unfortunately, the history of United States self with the Senator from Ohio [Mr.
with all the risks that such a move im- involvement in Viet Nam is one of escalation, YOUNG] in his appraisal of the Secretary
plies. However, Secretary of State and so there are additional reasons for view- of State, Mr. Dean Rusk. in my opin-
Rusk's refusal to repudiate Ky's state- ing the Rusk and Ky remarks with trepida- ion, in his press conference Dean Rusk
? mint indicates that, in his mind at least, tent Perhaps this
repeated mitigated to some his doubletalked again. He follows the by Mr. Rusk's that possibility exists, Should that hap- a sire for pace In re Southst assertion and his course of propagandists who seek to mis-
pen, any chance of negotiating a cease- willingnessto negotiate for ft. Asia, and his lead and confuse American public; opin-
fire or armistice in Vietnam would be Any chance of negotiation would be fur- ion.
seriously jeopardized, if not completely ther jeopardized, however, if not destroyed, That is why I repeat again what I
destroyed. We might very well find our- by an invasion, and the Administration have said for the past several years: The once selves on a collision course toward war it g ould to a to ace. a Tstop a kt hasya dwa thof greatest need in American foreign policy
p
with Red China, if not worse. creating a climate
It col
e. acceptance; it y should is a new Secretary of State. The Presi-
Mr. President, administration officials be terminated by firm assurance that inva- dent sorely needs a Secretary of State
should at once put a stop to' any idea sion is unthinkable. who will advise him on the basis of the
that we would seriously consider invad- facts and stop duping him.
Ing North Vietnam by land. Such talk Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, will
has a way of creating a climate of ac- the Senator yield? I particularly regret the attempt on the ceptance; before long the unthinkable Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. I yield, if I conference, ce Dean Rusk, his can eople
becomes thinkable. Such talk should be have time remaining, that if J,ohn to tell Fitzgerald the American people
terminated by firm assurances by State Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I alive Ft supporting Kennedy were
Secretary Rusk or other top administra- ask unanimous consent that I may speak American alive he would policy iSou South present
tion officials, that this Nation will not for 3 minutes on my time. I do not believe war phe South Vietnam.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without there is a scintilla of fact
escalate the war to, that extent. that supports s this misrepresentation and
Mr. President, in the St. Louis Post- objection, it is so ordered. distortion by the Secretary of State.
Dispatch there appeared a very pereep- Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I
tive editorial entitled "Stop the Invasion wish to commend the Senator from Ohio I am satisfied, as I have said an the
Talk." I ask unanimous consent that . [Mr, YOUNG] for his continuing and floor of the Senate before, that from my
the editorial be printed at this pin forthright turning of the spotlight on last conference with the late President,
the RECor as part of ma rthis point o our folly in southeast Asia. I think it is quite the opposite would be the case had
There being pat obj,
of my r the editorial about time that the American people he lived. I speak on the basis of what
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, learned the truth about the situation. came from the late President's lips in
as follows: We allegedly are there to fight agres- my last conference with him. I am sat-
[From the St. August (Mo.) Post-Dispatch, sion. The fact is that we are the agres- isfied as he told me that he was engag-
Louist 19661 sots. When we went into Vietnam in ing in a complete reappraisal of our for-
1954, we were not invited in by a, friendly eign policy in South Vietnam. I subse-
STOP THE INVASION TALK government as has been alleged repeat- quently learned that he had been greatly
secretary of State Rusk's discussion of the edly by official pronouncements. We influenced by the Galbraith report which
possibility that American troops might in- invited ourselves in. As we escalated, had been made to the late President by
Vade North Viet Nam SS frightening. It is and a year and a half ago started send- his request. President Kennedy had that
difficult to believe that the United States y
would commit such a tragic blunder, and it ing our troops into combat and began report death. I under am study
is true that Mr. Rusk said, "There is no bombing day after day, we became the
reliably the advised that the
policy desire to move into North Viet Nam or aggressors. Galbraith report did not support Ameri-
the demilitarized zone" between North and When we went into Vietnam the only can war policy in South Vietnam, but it
South at the Seventeenth parallel, nationals involved were Vietnamese was quite to the contrary.
But Mr. Rwsk's discussion of the matt
er fighting each other. We barged in, vio-
at a press conference indicated that an in-
coon. It will depend, Mr. Rusk said, "on the tinguished Senator from Ohio [Mr. LIVING
turn of events; the commander will have to YOUNG], after his trip to Vietnam, came Mr. GORE.. Mr. President, the Gov-
do those things necessary to protect the se- to the conclusion that it was a civil war ernment has now released official statis-
aurity of his troops." and so stated on the floor of the Senate. tics which confirm that the cost of liv-
We concede that a field commander has He quoted statements by General West- ing rose sharply last month. This is a
this obligation. But his superiors have the
obligation Moreland and General Stilwell to that continuation of a trend that has been
men.
men. out of of areas where instructing such him a to court keep his might effect; namely, that it was a civil war, underway throughout the year. I find
appear necessary to him. A movement of in- We have the earlier statement of Presi- it disturbing that the trend shows signs
fantry across the parallel would involve an- dent Kennedy that it was a civil war. of rapid acceleration. For instance, the
other, drastic drastic d cha b ng sieminilar the the movement of four knowledgeable and experienced the Consumer index during the past 12
tha ar :rought the C into the Korean newspapermen, who have reported from months. The greatest part of that in-
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August 23, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 19431
extent that any system, involving so many
individuals, could approach perfection.
However, as we have noted, the track sys-
tem appears to be doomed, to be replaced by
a system of "team teaching" and ungraded
elementary classes for the more backward
pupils. At this writing, the anti-trackers
on the School Board appear to be rather
nebulous in their thinking. They speak of
"innovations" and that's about it.
We believe innovations are fine, but let's
make certain where they lead before we put
them into effect.
The lessons of the Head Start program
should not be overlooked. The Head Start
idea was, and is, splendid, tbut it began, and,
to an extent, has continued, with little plan-
ning and scant teacher training. Better
that. we should have studied what has been
learned elsewhere about pre-school teach-
ing-especially in Scandinavia-before we
plunged into something we knew practically
nothing about.
We hope, then, that the newly constituted
School Board will make haste slowly in elim-
inating the track system. We hope that
the members will bear in mind the ancient
aphorism: "Don't trade something for notll.
ing." tt
Incidentally, and quite by the by, in this
city where citizens are rightfully concerned
about the educational facilities available to
the current generation, we call attention to a
graphic exposition of just what's on tap
here. We refer to the window displays at
Woodward & Lothrop's downtown store. We
urge Washingtonians to take a tour around
them. We believe they'll be surprised-and
proud-of what has been accomplished up
to now.
however, the top priority goes to dona-
tion under the donable surplus property
program for use in schools and hospitals.
It is right that in a humane society, edu-
cation and health should have high pri-
ority. Finally, if the property cannot be
used by either the Federal Government
or by schools and hospitals, it may be
sold. This is the outline of S. 2610 which
I hope will be passed soon by the House.
One subject being examined by the
Monogan subcommittee is a recent Gen-
eral Services Administration directive
which redefines the categories of prop-
erty which can be sold or exchanged for
new property. The Defense Department
on August 10 announced its compliance
with this directive, although many peo-
ple-including Chairman MONAGAN-
have voiced their concern that the dona-
ble program may be harmed by the new
policy. In view of this concern, the Sen-
ate action on S. 2610, and the present
House hearings, I ask that the Defense
Department stop sales of surplus prop-
erty until Congress has expressed its in-
tent on this matter.
The Congress of the United States has
many times reaffirmed its dedication to
the donable program, and will constantly
be alert to any administrative regula-
tions which would weaken the program.
I know that many of my colleagues in
both houses of Congress will join me in
my determination to see that this fine
program is maintained and strengthened.
conflict in Vietnam. The idea is that the
Asian nations are directly concerned
with the war and know best the problems
of southeast Asia and their possible so-
lutions.
Such a conference just might open the
door to a cessation of the fighting in Viet-
nam.
We must back our men in Vietnam be-
cause their lives and our security depend
upon it. We must stand firm there be-
cause the freedom of the people of south-
east Asia depends upon it. But if there
is another way to protect the freedom of
the people of southeast Asia, a way less
costly in terms of American lives, Mr.
President, we must seize upon it.
We can leave no stone unturned in our
search for an honorable solution to the
Vietnamese problem and we can leave no
stone unturned in our search to find a
way to lessen the toll of American lives
lost in solving that problem.
Therefore, I hope the United States
can give the closest attention and con-
sideration to the proposal for an all-
Asian conference. Let us apply new and
imaginative thinking to this situation.
The freedom of the people of South
Vietnam and the American lives buying
that freedom demand that we do so.
THE DONABLE SURPLUS PROPERTY
PROGRAM-HEARINGS ALL ASIAN PEACE CONFERENCE
Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I
would like to call the attention of the
Senate to extremely important hearings
which are being held in the House this
week. I refer to the hearings of the
Donable Surplus Property Subcommittee
of the House Government Operations
Committee. The subcommittee, whose
chairman is Representative MONAGAN, of
Connecticut, is seeking to evaluate the
donable surplus property program which
I discussed briefly yesterday. May I re-
peat that I consider this program to be
a very valuable one, in giving much need-
ed property to deserving schools and hos-
pitals.
Mr. President, Chairman MONAGAN said
at his hearing this morning that he
wanted to demonstrate the dedication of
the Congress of the United States to the
donable surplus property program. The
Senate has demonstrated its dedication
to that program by passing S. 2610. I
was happy to participate in the hearings
which led to the writing of the bill and
also to join as cosponsor with Senator
GRUENING who introduced the legislation.
The bill was assured passage by the ex-
peditious work of the chairman of the
Government Operations Committee, the
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. MCCLEL-
LAN].
Under S. 2610, the first priority for
Government surplus property goes to
possible utilization in some agency of the
Federal Government-"further Federal
utilization." So we first make sure that
no property that could profitably be used
in Government is given up. After this,
No. 140-4
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, more
and more American boys are daily risk-
ing their lives in their effort to protect
the Republic of South Vietnam from
Communist slavery.
This is the unavoidable price a nation
of freemen must pay to preserve freedom.
We are in Vietnam with a purpose and
we are there with a right. Our purpose
is to preserve the freedom of 14 million
human beings in that land and our right
is the right of all freemen to protect
that which they cherish and hold dear.
But let us never lose sight of the reason
for our fight in Vietnam. Let us never
become so concerned with the waging of
war that we forget that its object is
peace; a just and honorable peace.
Mr. President, I hope we will carefully
examine every avenue leading toward
such a peace in Vietnam. I do not speak
here of a peace which appeases the
enemy and only whets his appetite for
more and larger conquests. I trust that
we have learned the lesson of that folly.
I speak instead of a peace that guar-
antees the freedom of the 14 million peo-
ple of South Vietnam; a peace which.
guarantees the protection of the con-
cept of individual freedom for which
Americans have fought and died all over
this globe.
A constructive suggestion has been
brought forth on this floor by my dis-
tinguished colleague from Kentucky [Mr.
MORTON]. He has focused the attention
of this body on a proposal to examine the
feasibility of an all-Asian conference to
try to find an equitable solution to the
SCHOOL MILK AS IMPORTANT AS
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
,Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the
budget for fiscal 1967 proposes to spend
$219.9 million on oceanography. These
funds will be spent, if appropriated, on
oceanographic research and survey pro-
grams. Yet last year the administra-
tion spent only $100 million to provide
milk for the Nation's young under the
special milk program for schoolchildren.
Now I do not intend to criticize the
various oceanography programs of the
Federal Government. However, I do feel
that the health of the young people of
our Nation is at least as important. If
we can afford to spend almost $220 mil-
lion for oceanography, we can afford to
spend at least half that amount to see
that our children receive milk.
The Senate has appropriated $105 mil-
lion for the school milk program. Past
statistics would indicate that even this
amount, if it is accepted by the House,
would be inadequate to provide full Fed-
eral reimbursement for half-pints of
milk at the prior maximum level. Con-
sequently I intend to fight for adequate
funds in a supplemental appropriation
bill before Congress adjourns this year.
PRAYERS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
the first 10 amendments to the Constitu-
tion of our country, termed with affec-
tion "the Bill of Rights," were adopted
on the demand of men who had won the
Revolutionary War.
The first amendment guarantees free-
dom of speech, freedom of press, and
freedom of religious beliefs. It is the
cornerstone of every American's freedom
of conscience.
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19432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 23, 1966
The amendment proposed by the dis- First Amendment. The fact that objecting Perhaps they will not do so. I hope
tinguished minority leader [Mr. DIRK- students could be excused from participation they will. .But I think that, whatever
SENT to permit voluntary prayers in made no difference to the court. transpires in the next few days, we can
schools, if adopted, would severely in- In both cases, the sole dissenter was Jus-
tice Potter Stewart, appreciate the affirmative and untiring
fringe upon freedom of religious belief. formerly of Cincinnati.
Most Americans will recall the nationwide effort that has gone into this particular
While I share with the junior Senator debate that accompanied both decisions. set of collective-bargaining negotiations.
from Illinois and with most Americans The anger that generated the debate First of all, there has been real bar-
our common American heritage of reli- stemmed not so much from the importance gaining. There have been union pro-
gious traditions and a personal religious of public school prayers in themselves as posals and company counterproposals.
faith, I also believe in the wisdom of from the conviction among many Americans Neither side, apparently, has felt it nec-
those who framed our Bill of Rights and that they were somehow being pushed
around. They felt, in most cases, that the essary to crystallize its position into
In the correctness of the interpretation two decisions pleased only a tiny segment of hard-and-fast attitudes that are not
by the Supreme Court of the first amend- the nation-in some respects the least "re- susceptible of easy solution.
ment with regard to prayers in public ligious" segment. And they pointed to the Second, the Communications Workers
schools. nation's rich religious heritage as evidence did n i t
c
m
h
t
and in the church. Every American has
the constitutionally guaranteed right to
worship as he pleases, and not to worship
if he pleases. He can pray at home, at
church, on the job-in short anywhere.
However, to authorize prayers as part of
the public school routine is to inject the
state into this private matter of con-
science and belief.
Public school prayers could never be
truly voluntary. There would always be
pressure on school pupils to conform.
The first amendment to the Constitution
should not be amended or tampered with.
I will never vote to weaken our inherited
doctrine of absolute separation of church
and state. When we weaken the Bill
of Rights in one respect, then other pre-
cious rights such as the right of fair
trial, freedom from compulsory self-
incrimination and from unreasonable
search and seizure might be next in order
to be destroyed.
Mr. President there appeared an ex-
cellent editorial in the Cincinnati En-
quirer on August 4, 1966, entitled "Pray-
ers In the Public Schools." I commend
this to my colleagues and ask unanimous
consent that it be printed in the RECORD
at this point as part of my remarks.,
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PRAYERS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
The Senate Subcommittee on Constitu-
tional Amendments this week began formal
hearings on Sen. EVERETT M. DIRKSEN'S
amendment to undo the U.S. Supreme
Court's work in connection with prayers in
the nation's public schools.
Like Senator DIRKSEN'S other amendment
on the subject of apportionment of the state
legislatures, the so-called prayer amend-
ment is designed to redefine what most
Americans regarded as the unquestioned
status quo before the Supreme Court acted.
The specific court decisions that would be
undone by the amendment are two:
In the case of Engel vs. Vitale in 1962, the
Supreme Court held in a 6-1 decision that
the use of a prayer composed. by New York
State officipls and required to be recited
aloud by students at the beginning of the
school day constituted a violation of the
First Amendment. Even the fact that the
prayer was designed to be "neutral" as far
as the various religious denominations were
concerned did not affect its unconstitution-
aiity.
In the twin cases of Abington Township
vs. Schempp and Murray vs. Curlett a year
later, the court held in an 8-1 decision that
a Pennsylvania law requiring the reading of
at least 10 verses from the Bible at the be.. System, deserve commendation for their
ginning of the school day and a similar law efforts to date to reach a mutually satis-
In Maryland were also a violation of the factory agreement,
o
e n
0
The place for prayers is in the home that the Supreme Court was indeed raisin-
e Western Electric telpreting the intent of the Constitution's negotiations with a take -it-or-leave-it
framers.
As emotions have cooled, more and more
Americans have become less indignant. Re-
ligious leaders in particular have tended to
uphold the court-a circumstance that bodes
ill for what Senator DIR.KSEN'S amendment
seeks to accomplish.
The National Council of Churches main-
tains that the leadership of 93% of the na-
tion's 56 million Protestants are firmly op-
posed to the Dirksen amendment. Jewish
groups are also opposed. And among the
nation's Catholic bishops, opinion is so di-
vided that the Catholic church will probably
take no stand at all.
What support the Dirksen amendment
enjoys-and it is considerable nonetheless-
comes from rank-and-file church-goers who
feel that the Supreme Court decisions of
1962 and 1963 amount to a denial of God.
Even though we did not welcome those
decisions, we are inclined to feel that the
Dirksen amendment should not be passed.
We have frequently spoken in this space of
the vital importance of religion. in American
life. But we question whether the public
school system is the proper apparatus for
nurturing the religious spirit in America. In
too many instances-and religion is only
one-American parents have tended to foist
off on the schools more and more of the re-
sponsibilities that are properly theirs. The
effect of the Supreme Court rulings was to
put the religious responsibility back where
it belongs-in the laps of the parents.
Should the Dirksen amendment find its way
into the Constitution, many parents would
feel once more that they had disposed of
that responsibility.
Conscientious parents, we think, have
nothing to fear from the status quo.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE
COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, a
number of students of the collective-
bargaining process-men who are com-
mitted to that process and want to see
it work with maximum effectiveness-
have quite correctly been concerned by
the occasional breakdown of that process,
or the development of tendencies which
seem to prevent its functioning the way
we had hoped it might.
It seems to me, therefore, quite heart-
ening to observe sincere effort to make
collective bargaining work in the Na-
tion's tremendously important and sensi-
tive communications system,. I believe
that both the union involved., the Com-
munications Workers of America, AFL-
CIO, and the management of the West-
ern Electric Co., a division of the Bell
attitude. It had no pat formula; it
sought improvements on a number of is-
sues, but on each of these issues it pro-
posed discussion and examination-in
other words, collective bargaining.
Third, the union did not feel that it
was necessary to involve the Government
in the collective bargaining process.
CWA has given us, I believe, a highly
commendable example of the method by
which a free and democratic union seeks
to achieve its objectives at a national
company without reliance on govern-
mental power.
Fourth, I believe that CWA deserves
praise for going to the public with its
story. It has not sought to bargain
with Western Electric through the press;
that would be unwise and hurtful to the
chance of getting agreement. But CWA
has not hesitated to take its philosophy-
about collective bargaining, about guide-
lines, about its general objectives-to
the general public.
All of this I find a most commendable
posture by CWA. It is a union whose
national and local leaders have done
much to earn a reputation for responsi-
bility and for a sense of obligation not
just to their own members but to the
entire community, local and national.
I have no facts upon which to make
any judgments about the actual content
of the collective bargaining discussions
between CWA and Western Electric.
Without specific facts, I do net know
what is a fair wage increase figure, or
what should be done specifically about
vacations or holidays or pensions or
health plans for Western Electric em-
ployees.
But it seems to me signally encourag-
ing that a major trade union. and a
major communications company have
been trying to make collective bargaining
work, with a minimum of histrionics, or
name calling, or public airing of the
details of their negotiation efforts. For
this effort, CWA and Western Electric
management deserve congratulations
from the public, from the labor move-
ment, from forward-looking man-
agement.
Let us hope that this collective bar-
gaining process, undertaken here with
mutual respect and a sense of the eco-
nomic realities, will eventually come to
a sensible, practical conclusion and
agreement between American labor and
management. The public deserves this
reminder that collective bargaining can
work, and work well, on a national scale.
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August 23, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 19429
stop until plant capacity utilization had less sign of strain recently. This key category join the late President Kennedy in the
dropped to 79 percent. And by present contains most of the nation's breadwinners responsibility for the American involve-
standards that would mean heavy un- and skilled workers who form the backbone ment in Vietnam today I find most un-
employment and a real recession. of the labor force. The overall jobless rate, fortunate. It is quite out of line with
of course, also includes many part-time `ghat was stated by Mr. Arthur Schlesin-
I ask unanimous consent that this very workers, such as many teen-agers and house-
interesting column be printed in the wives. ger in his authoritative book on President
RECORD at this point. This rate for married men, seasonally ad- Kennedy's administration, entitled "A
There being no objection, the article Jul. rose in July to 2% from 1.9% in June Thousand Days." In addition, it is en-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and 1.8% in May. July marked the first time tirely out of line with what President
as follows: since last November that the rate has been Kennedy said 2 months before his death.
as high as 2%. I quote his comments which he made in
APPRAISAL OF CURRENT TRENDS IN Busrxsss Again, the recent record differs markedly
AND FINANCE from the past trend. In the course of last September 1963:
Government reports leave little doubt that year, for instance, unemployment among In the final analysis it's their war-they're
U.S. living costs have been climbing more married men fell from 2.7% to 1.8%. As the ones who have to win it or lose it. We
rapidly in recent months. The consumer recently as early 1963, the rate was near the can send our men out there as advisers, but
price index, a widely used gauge of living- 4% mark. they have to win it.
cost trends, recently has been rising at an The unemployment levels in recent
annual rate of more than 3 %. nearly three months, to be sure, do not suggest any con- It The has now PRESIDING become become OFFICER. war.
The
times the yearly gain that prevailed in 1960- siderable slack in the nation's reserve of man- time of the Senator has FFICE expired.
65. In the view of many economists, the power. However, it should be noted, the
current rate of increase constitutes worri- overall July unemployment rate of 3.0% by Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
some inflation. no means approaches any sort of record low. unanimous consent that I may proceed
Whether living costs continue to move up In the postwar era, unemployment has been for 1 additional minute.
so rapidly, of course, depends in part on a as low as 2.9%, the 1953 average. In fact, in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
variety of imponderables, ranging from the six of the years since World War II, the aver- objection, it is so ordered.
course of events in Vietnam to 'President age unemployment rate has been as low as
for myself, elf, Mr. and President, , speaking
Johnson's willingness to pursue more restric- or lower than the recent 3.9 % level. Mr.
any
tive economic policies in an election year. There are, of course, many considerations only
A somewhat encouraging suggestion of what that will determine the trend of prices in way of knowing what our late and much
may lie ahead, however, may be glimpsed coming months, besides the purely physical beloved President Kennedy would have
from some of the yardsticks that indicate limits of the nation's men and machines. done under these circumstances, I believe
what is happening to the amount of grow- Evidence that the strain on factory and he would have stuck to what he said in
ing room, or slack, in the economy. human resources is no longer increasing, September 1963.
For many months before living costs began however, suggests that the living-cost out- Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, will
to rise more rapidly, these yardsteks showed look may not be quite so worrisome as it may Senator yield that point?
the slack was fast disappearing in the econ- seem at first glance. the e S S CLARK. I am happy to yield to
omy-a development not unrelated to the Certainly, there is little in the recent rec-Mr. recent price trend. Now, however, this seems ord to indicate that the current price climb the Senator from Alaska (Mr.
no longer to be the case. The current pic- will slow significantly. Business history sug- GRUENING)ture indicates that the amount of slack still gests that any actual slowdown in the rise Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I am
remaining in the economy, while small, at of prices very likely must await more slack in familiar with the quotation to which the
least no longer is shrinking. the economy. Senator referred. It is taken from one
The change can be detected, for instance, For instance, the rise of the consumer price of president Kennedy's news conferences
n statistics that record the portion of un- index in the last economic expansion, in of the closing days of his news f administration.
used capacity in U.S. factories. The per- 1960-61, did not begin to slow appreciably
centage had been shriveling. But recently until the final quarter of 1960. By then, the I think we may add to that a presump-
it has remained approximately constant. factory operating rate had dropped to 79% tion, because no one can say exactly what
Since the first of the year, according to Gov- from 1960's first-quarter level of 87%. The President Kennedy would have done.
ernment estimates, manufacturers have been price index, by no coincidence, did not begin But I think it is fair to assume he would
using roughly 92% of their total plant ca- to rise appreciably again until the latter have carried out the implications of the
pacity. part of 1981, when the rebounding operating which the Senator from Penn-
Admittedly, this factory operating rate rate was approaching 85%. quotation C whi CL the at But aen I
continues at what many analysts feel is an However, the record of recent months also
uncomfortably high level, and there is little provides an indication, albeit tenuous, that believe his experience in the Bay of Pigs
indication of a significant reduction any a further acceleration in the rise of living fiasco would have greatly disillusioned
time soon. Still, the rate at least appears costs is perhaps unlikely in coming months. him with the military advice he had been
to have stopped climbing-and is leveling off, And such a prospect is certainly welcome at getting in that unfortunate situation,
it is noteworthy, at a percentage appreciably a time where there is widespread and in- and would have been reluctant again to
below the post-World War II high of 96%, creasing concern about the possibility of follow such misguided advice as has been
reached in early 1953. spiraling inflation. given by Secretary McNamara, who at
This leveling off is in marked contrast to -ALFRED L. MALABRE, Jr.
the trend in recent years. As recently as various times has made forecasts about
1961, at the start of the current economic Vietnam which have proved totally er-
expansfon, the operating rate stood at only VIETNAM POLICY NOT roneous.
78% of capacity, a full 14 percentage points PRESENT President Kennedy had that bitter ex-
below this year's level. THAT OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY perience in the Bay of Pigs, with mili-
A similar development has taken place on Mr. CLARK. The morning papers re- tars advisers, the CIA, and the Joint
front.
ratte e fer to a statement made by Secretary Chiefs of Staff all giving him the very
after - jus ustment labor , the he labor- In force July,unnem employment seasonal a
mistaken advice which resulted in the
stood at 3.9%. This is down very slightly of State Dean Rusk yesterday in a way
from the 4% levels of May and June, but which very much surprises me. Bay of Pigs incident.
actually is higher than the jobless rates in The headline in the Washington Post I am certain that President Kennedy
February, March and April. As recently as reads, "Viet Policy Also J.F.K.'s, Rusk would have learned by that experience
April, the unemployment rate was only 3.7%. Says." In an article under the byline a
rate averaged 3.9%, precisely y e and would not have followed their advice
For the first seven months of
1966, equal the jobless
to obl thhee of Homer Bigart in the New York Times in South Vietnam.
latest figure. this morning, the statement is made:
The 1966 record is very different from the He- THE MCCLCfSKEY CONTRACTS
pattern earlier. In 1961, the unemployment
rate was (i.7%. As the expansion has pro- Meaning Dean Rusk- Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, yester-
gressed, the rate has declined, sporadically implied that had President Kennedy lived, day on the Senate floor the distinguished
at first, then steadily. Between January 1984 American combat troops would be as heavily Senator from Delaware [Mr. WILLIAMS]
and December 1965, the rate declined with committed in Vietnam as they are under made Some remarks about the General
almost monthly regularity; it fell from 5.6% President Johnson. Services Administration's handling of
aVthe beginning of 1964 to 4.1% at the end
of last t year. AP dispatch is also published this the contract awards for the Philadelphia
.
Within the overall labor picture, it should morning under the headline, "Salinger Mint. It was particularly interesting to
be added, the job category that includes only Says J.F.K. Viet Policy Probably Would learn how the General Services Admin-
married men with families actually has shown Match L.B.J." This sudden effort to istration handled the bid of McCloskey
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480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August
what, on the surface, appears to be
favored treatment. Yesterday I made
some remarks concerning Senator Wu.-.
LIAMS' statement and my -thoughts sug-
gesting that this was a scandalous way
in which to handle our Government con-,
tracts. I suggest that perhaps the Sen-
ate should consider looking into the pro-
cedures involved.
Yesterday I referred to the fact that,
on one hand, our Government is suing
the McCloskey Co. for $5 million because
of_ the Government's contention that the
McCloskey Co. was negligent in the per-
formance of its contract to build the Bos-
ton Veterans' Administration Hospital
and thus poor construction resulted In
the loss of the exterior wall which had to
be rebuilt. Our Government, on the
other hand, improperly, in my opinion,
is entering into new contracts with the
same company for the construction of
the $12 million mint at Philadelphia.
This does not make sense.
We could not expect any reasonable
man to deal with a company that had
treated him as the McCloskey firm has
treated the U.S. Government.
On July 19, I entered in the RECORD a
letter I wrote to Mr. Lawson B. Knotts,
Jr., Administrator of the General Serv-
tces Administration, questioning the
award to the McCloskey firm. That let-
ter appears on page 15392 of the July 19
RECORD. In fairness to Mr. Knott, and
to inform all Senators, I ask unanimous
eonsent to have placed in the RECORD Mr.
Knott's response, dated August 2.
Mr. President, I also asked to have
printed in the RECORD a letter I received
from Ramsey Clark, Deputy Attorney
General, U.S. Department of Justice.
Mr. Clark is responding to my letter of
July 26, wherein I asked to be brought
up to date on the status of the McCloskey
suit and to know what the allegations
were. I think Senators will find it inter-
gsting to see how the Department of Jus-
tice looks upon the McCloskey firm and
how the General Services Administra-
tion looks upon it. I think this situation
deserves Immediate Senate attention.
There being no objection, the letters
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D.C., August 2, 1966.
Heal.. MILWARD L. SIMPSON,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR SIMPSON: Reference is made
to your letter of July 19, 1966, concerning
award of the contract for construction of
the new U.S. Mint in Philadelphia to the
firm of McCloskey & Co., Inc., and suggest-
ing that McCloskey & Co., Inc., be precluded
from further Government contracts and
denied the Mint contract.
As you know, debarment Is a severe pen-
alty which can easily destroy a going busi-
ness, inasmuch as debarment by one Govern-
ment agency is grounds for similar action by
others. Consequently, the requirements of
Constitutional "duo process" have necessi-
tated the erection, of procedural safeguards
against abuse and limitations upon the power
of contracting agencies to impose such a
sanction. The Federal Procurement Regula-
tions reflect these considerations and are
specific as to matters that constitute grounds
for debarment
allude In your letter, to support a debarment.
The mere fact that a civil actioll has been
instituted against the McCloskey firm in
connection with the Veterans Administration
hospital in Boston Is not sufficient evidence,
in and of itself, upon which to base so dras-
tic: an action as debarment.
,Quite apart from the foregoing, we must
also mention that the McCloskey firm's rec-
ord of performance under contracts with the
General Services Administration has been
satisfactory. Among the more recent con-
tracts performed for GSA by McCloskey &
Co., Inc., was the construction of Federal
Office building No. 6, a $10,000,000 project.
McCloskey has also satisfactorily completed
the contract for construction of the sub-
structure of the new Mint. Against this
factually documented record of satisfactory
contract performance, we would be acting
prematurely if we were to base a debarment
or finding of nonresponsibility on a matter
that is being litigated.
]?lease be assured that we share your con-
cern in safeguarding the national interest in
the selection of Government contractors.
Sincerely yours,
LAwsoN B. KNOTT, Jr.
Administrator.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OP JUSTICE,
OF:eICE OF THE DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Washington, D.C., August 9, 1966.
Hon. MILWARD L. SIMPSON,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR SIMPSON: Your letter to the
Attorney General bearing the date of July
26, 1966 and relating to McCloskey & Com-
pany has been referred to me for reply. Suit
against McCloskey & Company is being tried
in Boston before the Federal District Court.
A Special Master was appointed by the Court
and hearings were held from March 30, 1966
until June 10, 1966. They will resume on
August 16, 1966, and based on present prog-
ress it is not anticipated that they will con-
clude for several months, or that a decision
of the District Court will be issued before the
summer or fall of 1967.
The Government's complaint alleges that
on February 15, 1950 the Government entered
Into a contract with McCloskey & Company
for the construction of a hospital at a con-
tract price of $10,563,000, the hospital to be
constructed in accordance with drawings,
plans and specifications prepared by a joint
venture composed of Coolidge, Shepley, Bul-
finch and Abbott, a partnership and Charles
T. Main, Inc., a corporation; that the Gov-
ernment entered into a contract with the
Architect-Engineer whereby said Architect-
Engineer agreed to furnish a resident engi-
neer and other inspection personnel to su-
pervise construction for the purpose of as-
suring compliance by McCloskey with the
approved drawings and specifications; that
construction of the hospital began on or
about May 27, 1950 and was completed on or
about June, 1952; that about June of 1953
the outer brick wall began to spall,' bulge,
crack and loosen and that this condition con-
tinued; that in 1961 an exploratory contract
was entered into with a firm of consulting
engineers, Weiskopf and Pickworth, and that
based in part on their recommendations the
Government determined in 1962 that there
were so many unauthorized departures from
the contract plans and specifications by Mc-
Closkey & Company and failures by the
Architect-Engineer properly to inspect and
supervise McCloskey's contract performance
that local repairs were not sufficient and that
it was necessary to remove and replace the
brick outer wall and windows and to con-
struct a new frame to support the new outer
wall; that the defects and deficiencies con-
sisted In part of the misalignment; of con-
crete columns, of the failure to Install some
23, .1966
relieving angles used to support the brick
Work, of the failure to install in many places
metal ties and anchors which tie the outer
brick wall to the inner concrete frame; that
the cause of the failure described was the
negligence of McCloskey & Company in the
performance of-the construction contract and
the negligent performance by the Architect-
Engineer of the inspection contract; that the
Government has been damaged in the ap-
proximate sum of $5 million.
The files of the Department reflect but
one other action against McCloskey & Com-
pany. In this action it appears that the
Government was assigned an account re-
ceivable in the approximate amount of $21,-
000, owed by McCloskey & Company. How-
ever, McCloskey & Company paid a material-
man creditor of the assignor a sum in excess
of $21,000, and under the Miller Act was
discharged of its debt to the assignor. In
short, the assignee (the United States) was
subordinated to the materialman. Hence, it
is expected that this action will be dismissed
in the near future.
The pending criminal indictment against
Mr. Baker does not involve allegations con-
cerning Mr. McCloskey or McCloskey & Com-
pany. \
Sincerely,
RAMSEY CLARK,
Deputy Attorney General.
THE BACKTRACKERS
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
ident, I ask unanimous consent to insert
in the RECORD an editorial, entitled "The
Backtrackers," which appeared in the
Washington Daily News of August 11,
1966.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD
as follows:
TILE BACKTRACKERS
And so it seems that the "track" system
in the D.C. public schools is on the way
out.
The new members of the School Board,
having voted down a proposal to add a fifth
track for pupils who have fallen far behind
their contemporaries, may now be expected
to succeed in eliminating the track system
altogether.
Well, so be it.
Our own position has been made clear
many times. We have felt that the institu-
tion of the track system by Superintendent
Carl Hansen-after he had presided over the
peaceful integration process here-was a
wise move. We felt that this system. pro-
vided for at least a partial solution to two
major problems, namely, making it possible
for relatively deprived pupils to trade up
scholastically, while, at the same time, giv-
ing more gifted pupils the opportunity to
proceed at a rate equal to their abilities.
We still feel that way. We still feel. that
any society has this dual obligation. It
cannot overlook the needs of the previously
deprived. Equally, it must not Inhibit those
who are born equipped to become intellectual
leaders.
Let's not delude ourselves about this. All
men are not created intellectually equal.
We shall be doing a major disservice to the
future if we believe otherwise.
Such mean as Albert Einstein and Ralph
Bunche seldom appear among us. To pre-
sume that all of us can, with equal oppor-
tunity, equal them is to subscribe to the
veriest nonsense.
We believe that the track system, for all
its manifest insufficiencies, 1s aimed at
making It possible for each pupil to pro-
ceed toward his maximum intellectual poten-
tial at his own best pace. We have always
agreed that the track system was less than
adequate, but also that, by trial and error,
it could and would be improved to the
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August 23, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 19467
The Indians of Arizona know very For now, I would remind Mr. Brower And we have confidence that the Sen-
well what happens to a society when its that steam generating plants require ate, as it has twice before, will make the
water supply is diminished or disappears. fuel-coal, oil, natural gas--or some proper determination.
Around them are the crumbling ruins form of fissionable material, in the case Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, I suggest
-
of primitive irrigation structures that
can still be seen. They stand as power-
ful reminders of vanished people-
civil-izations that withered and died or moved
on when the water was gone.
The sad part of Mr. Brower's extreme
arguments against this project is the
fact that he makes them in the name
of conservation.
But let me remind my colleagues that
true conservation in the American tradi-
tion does not mean the preservation of
exclusive privilege for one small group
of citizens.
On the contrary, opportunities for the
enjoyment of nature and its wonders
have been extended to virtually all
Americans through the multiple-purpose
concept of resource utilization.
All of us know these opportunities
must be expanded in light of current and
projected population pressures on our
available facilities. Hualapai Lake would
be a major step in this direction.
Given our experience with Lake Mead
and Lake Powell, we know that Hualapai
Lake would soon develop into one of the
most popular attraction in the Nation.
Lake Mead is a priceless recreational
asset because of its proximity to urban
centers of the most populous State in the
union and adjacent States. With metro-
politan concentrations growing rapidly in
the Southwest, Hualapai Lake-like Lake
Powell and Lake Mead today-would be
another welcome bonanza for boating,
fishing and camping enjoyment.
Public response to Lake Powell, for
example, has been amazing, when you
consider that it began filling only 3 years
ago and visitor facilities are still limited.
Some 196,400 persons visited Lake
Powell the first year. Attendance
climbed to 303,500 the next year, and
as additional accommodations and
marina facilities are completed, the fig-
ures will climb steadily higher. Al-
ready, in the first 7 months of 1966,
attendance is reported over the 1965
pace.
There is a curious anomaly in Mr.
Brower's propaganda which deserves
comment. On behalf of the Sierra
Club, he professes to support Arizona's
quest for supplemental water. I might
say that with friends like this, we do not
need enemies.
His ads tells us to forget the dams.
They say : "Go ahead and build the cen-
tral.Arizona project and use conven-
tional steam generating plants to pro-
vide the necessary pumping energy. Be-
sides, cheap nuclear power is Just around
the corner."
To the naive and uninformed, this
sounds fine. But it just is not true-
and wishful thinking cannot change fic-
tion into fact.
I can assure the Senate that the posi-
tive economic case for the dams will be
documented, and the fallacious argu-
ments against them exposed, as we pro-
ceed with. the consideration of this praj-
.file rn,cwzWi. X vrri~ r,rc isvra.
All of these, uranium inciuaea, are
depletable and nonrenewable resources. MusKIE in the chair). The clerk will call
Their unnecessary use to perform a the roll.
function that can more efficiently and The legislative clerk proceeded to call
economically be performed by inex- the roll.
haustible falling water surely cannot be Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina. Mr.
justified in the name of? conservation. President, I ask unanimous consent that
So far, Mr. President, I have not men- the order for the quorum call be
tioned the unique provision of this legis- rescinded.
lation which sets it apart from previous Te PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
reclamation bills. I refer to the long- obj ction, it-is so ordered.
range need for increased supplies of
water in the Colorado River.
Let me assure my friends in the Pa-
cific Northwest that the question of aug-
WORLD OPINION ON U.S.
POSITION IN VIETNAM
menting the water available in the Col- Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina. Mr.
orado River at some future date merits President, I know that all of us have been
objective study by the most competent very interested in listening to the many
authorities in our land. statements indicating that, so far as
You are perfectly within your rights world opinion is concerned, our policy in
to demand that this proposal be sub- Vietnam is looked at with extreme skep-
Jected to the most searching examina- ticism, if not with open hostility and
tion-and I have no doubt that it will be. criticism.
At this point, let me plead with you I was therefore quite interested to read
not to prejudge. the case before the facts the lead editorial in the current issue,
are in. August 20, 1966, of the London Econo-
We in Arizona do not covet one drop of mist entitled "This Is the Third World
somebody else's water which they can War."
put to beneficial consumptive use, either This is a very excellent editorial. It
now or in the foreseeable future. is one which I think should commend
At the same time, we know that the itself to those of us who are concerned
disparity between total supply and pre- with the events in Vietnam. I think it is
dicted demand in the Colorado Basin is also a very strong endorsement in large
only a reflection of a national, not a part of the American position in connec-
local, problem. tion with Vietnam.
The extra water that Phoenix, Tucson, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
Flagstaff, Williams, Ash Fork, and Casa sent that this editorial be printed at this
Grande need today, New York and Wash- point in the RECORD.
ington will need tomorrow. There being no objection, the editorial
Experience has taught us that the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
longer we delay in mounting a coodi- as follows:
nated national attack on our water sup- This Is THE THIRD WORLD WAR
ply and distribution problems, the more There is- no Mao but Mao, and Lin Piao is
difficult and expensive they will be to his prophet. That is what the past week's
solve. events in Peking (see page 719) boil down
Action now to meet our water needs in to. The communique from the Chinese com-
the year 2000 and beyond is not a vision- munists' central committee at the weekend,
ary step. It is a practical necessity. followed by the ominously martial rally in
Finally, Mr. President, on behalf of Peking on Thursday, with a uniformed Mao
Arizona, let me repeat that the river Tse-tung presenting his "close friend in
but our time is running out. combat" Lin Piao the people, mark out
runs on unmistakably the path Mao means China to
It is my earnest hope that the House follow. It - was predictable that the central
of Representatives will soon act on the committee, in the sort of words Stalin once
bill reported by its Interior and Insular made Russians use about him, would duly
Affairs Committee and thereby provide declare Mao Tse-tung a genius, "the greatest
the Senate with an opportunity for ade- marxist-lennist of our era." After the Mao-
quate consideration of this legislation organised purges of the last four months,
at this session. and his baptism in the Yangtse last month,
this was inevitable. Like all monopolists of
Congressional approval of this vitally . temporal power, from the Roman emperors
needed project will usher in a bright new to Stalin, Mao is spending his last years in
era of progress and prosperity for the arranging to become a god.
entire Colorado River Basin. What was not inevitable is the emergence
For myself and my senior colleague, of Marshal Lin Piao as China's number two,
the beloved President pro tempore of the and the meaning this has for China's foreign
Senate, we ask only that you mike your policy. The only other Chinese mentioned
by name among the ecomiums to Mao in the
judgment on this legislation squarely on central committee's communique-and twice
the basis of the facts that will be pre- at that-is Lin Piao. At Thursday's rally in
sented. Peking it was Lin Piao who took precedence
We are perfectly willing to match the immediately after Mao himself, before the
combined legal, engineering, and eeo- country's president and prime minister and
nomic recommendations of a quarter- the communist party's secretary-general.
It was Lin Piao who made the main speech
century of study against the desperate under the approving gaze of Chairman Mao.
distortions of those who represent less Sick man or not, palely self-effacing or not,
than one-hundredth of 1 percent of the the defence minister has risen to the rank of
American people. Mao's chief assistant and his successor-ap-
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.19478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE
plied during the course of the flight.
This has required a 24-hour-a-day effort,
and many of the principal individuals
have had to spend most of the 24 hours a
day making important decisions.
The first already provided by this mis-
sion are numerous: It is the first U.S.
spacecraft to successfully establish an
orbit about the moon; it has provided the
first high resolution. photographs of the
backside and the eastern face of the
moon; it has performed the first con-
trolled orbit changes around the moon;
It has provided the first conclusive infor-
mation on the mass distribution and
shape of the moon; and in doing these
things, it has been remarkably responsive
to over a thousand commands while be-
ing actively "flown" by engineers and
scientists here on earth.
The performance of the spacecraft and
the project team on this activity thus
far have surely proved the greatness of
our Nation's research efforts. The Lang-
ley Research Center of NASA-deserves
the highest praise of the people of the
United States for this remarkable
project.
AD HOC SUBCOMMITTEE ON DE
FACTO SEGREGATION OF THE
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND
LABOR
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the ad hoc Sub-
committee on De Facto Segregation of
the Committee on Education 'and Labor,
may be permitted to sit while the House
is in session today during general debate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Oklahoma?
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, re-
serving the right to object, would the
gentleman repeat his request?
Mr. ALBERT. The request is made on
behalf of the gentleman from New York
[Mr. POWELL] and has, been cleared, I
understand, by the gentleman from Ohio
[Mr. AYRES], the ranking minority mem-
ber. It is that the ad hoc Subcommittee
on De Facto 'Segregation of the Com
mittee on Education and Labor may be
permitted , to sit while the, house is in
session today during general debate.
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I
withdraw my reservation.
The Speaker. Is there objection to the
request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED IN FUL-
FILLING MILITARY OBLIGATIONS
(Mr. BENNETT 'asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, the ex-
tensive hearings ' held by the House
Armed Services Committee on the draft
reveal a number of needed changes to
permit a fairer, a sounder, and a more
useful system than we have at present.
Former President Eisenhower has re-
cently pointed out that at two opposite
ends of the manpower spectrum there
exist two large privileged classes, the col-
lege students with their .access to exemp-
tions from military service and those
considered unfit for service by the mili-
tary authorities under their present at-
tainments but capable of being brought
up to usable standards.
President Eisenhower further stressed
the need for passing universal military
training legislation in order to eliminate
these deficiencies in the present system.
Today, Secretary of Defense McNa-
mara has announced a plan to bring up
to standards thousands of young men
who presently do not meet standards
previously set but who can, by train-
ing, be brought up to proper standards;
and this will to a degree limit the im-
perfections of the present draft system
insofar as those in marginal attainment
groups are concerned. Secretary McNa-
mara and President Johnson have both
addressed themselves at various times to
the possibility of some nonmilitary util-
ization of young manpower as a possible
means of bringing about universality of
service to our country when so many
young men are actually on the frontlines
in combat as a result of being drafted
into the military service. They have not
stated, however, that they have come to
the conclusion that people should be
drafted for civilian service as a quid pro
quo for, being drafted into the military,
and, of course, there would be no. equal-
ity of `service between a frontline in-
fantry soldier and a person who is per-
forming - some nonbelligerent activity
even if a longer period of service were
required in the latter group.
It seems to me that the time is here
for us to enact a universal military train-
ing proposal that would be truly univer-
sal among the young men of our coun-
try, and that this provides a better
answer to the inequities of the present
system than any drafting for civilian
service could possible offer. There is con-
siderable doubt in my mind that it would
be constitutional to draft people for other
than military service; but, whether or
not that is so, universal military train-
ing would provide a fairer distribution
of the obligations and it would have the
additional benefit of providing trained
manpower and classification of all. young
men in our country as a tremendous de-
fense backlog if the military require-
ments of our country should substan-
tially escalate at some time in the future.
So, I find it very encouraging that
President Johnson and former President
Eisenhower and Secretary McNamara
are all constructively thinking In this
field; and I urge Congress to undertake
legislation in this field at the earliest
possible time. Frankly, I believe that the
answer lies in the line of thinking which
would establish universal military train-
ing, which I have always supported and
which I have backed by introduced legis-
lation from time to time in Congress.
DEDICATION OF BIG BEND DAM IN
SOUTH DAKOTA
(Mr. BERRY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for :l min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, in his col-
August 23, 1966
umn carried in the Washington Post, to-
day, Drew Pearson cries copious tears be-
cause Secretary of State Dean Rusk will
dedicate the Big Bend Dam in South Da-
kota on September 15.'
The principal pain Mr. Pearson suffers
comes from the fact that the Governor
of the State of South Dakota, who is
thank.goodness, a Republican, will be the
master of ceremonies.
Another stab in his side comes from
the fact that Senator KARL MUNDT will
be on the platform and that neither the
Democrat candidate running against
Governor Boe or the candidate running
against Senator MUNDT will be in TV
camera focus. As Mr. Pearson puts it,
those who would like to defeat these
officeholders will not be in the limelight:
Is this anything new? What is the
function of officeholders if it is not to
develop and then through appropria-
tions finance, construct, and then handle
the dedication of projects such as this?
Mr. Pearson says:
The Big Bend Dam was conceived under
the Flood Control Act passed by Franklin
Roosevelt and the money for it was appro-
priated under Truman.
First it should be pointed out that
Franklin Roosevelt never passed a law-
the laws were passed by Congress, of
which Senator MUNDT was a very active
Member at the time of the passage of this
act, and much of the credit for the pas-
sage of the Flood Control Act must go to
Senator MUNDT, as his efforts were as
much responsible for its passage as any-
one.
, Another little item of interest is that
Senator MUNDT has served on the Appro-
priations Committee in the Senate for
the past 13 years and has been primarily
responsible for getting funds for con-
struction of all of these dams in the main
stem of the Missouri River including the
Big Bend Dam-just why should he not
have an important part in its dedication?
Who, pray tell, would have a better right?
In further talking about the dam, Mr.
Pearson says:
Its origins are entirely Democratic.
Two minutes of research by this fa-
mous columnist would have proven to
even him the fallacy of that statement.
He would have discovered that I along
with 12 other Republicans, organized in
1938 the South Dakota Reclamation As-
sociation, and that I served on its board
of directors for the succeeding 6 years.
He would have discovered that the pur-
pose of organizing the association was to
promote irrigation in South Dakota and
to get Missouri River water on South Da-
kota soil.
Two minutes of research would have
demonstrated that in 1940, under the
leadership of the then Gov. Harlon J.
Bushfield, a Republican, the Missouri
River States Committee was organized
with two members from each of the Mis-
souri River States serving on that com-
mittee, the purpose of which was to p:ro-
mote Missouri River development for ir-
rigation, navigation, flood control, and
power development. He would have
learned that I was named by Governor
Bushfield as the second member of the
delegation from South Dakota.
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August 23, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
ically prohibits the granting of Federal funds
for the purpose of promoting the assign-
ment of students to overcome racial imbal-
ance.
In view of the clear intent of Congress in
enacting Title IV, and specifically in light of
its definition of "desegregation", I am here-
with requesting to know under what au-
thority your Office is acting fn making these
grants to northern school boards, where there
has been no deliberate segregation, for the
purpose of overcoming defacto segregation
or racial imbalance.
I am specifically requesting information on
the proposal made by the Hartford, Con-
necticut School Board where there has been
no deliberate segregation and which I under-
stand has requested $130,840 to attack de-
facto segregation and which is making its
request for this sum as part of a program
which involves the bussing of 300 students
to suburban areas.
WILLIAM C. CRAMER,
Member of Congress.
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
HALL) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. MOORE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
HE JOB
DONE
GETTING T
(Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of
Mr, HALL) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in
the past I have called to public atten-
tion, by means of the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD, the shipping bottleneck in Sai-
gon which was affecting the flow of sup-
plies into Vietnam. Mention was made
of the efforts of Thomas Gleason, the
president of the International Long-
shoremen's Association and of his trips
to Vietnam to effect needed changes. It
was encouraging to read in the New York
Times of August 5 of the vast improve-
ment in the situation. While certain
factions militantly oppose our efforts in
Vietnam-the set of directions on how to
beat the draft which I inserted in the
RECORD yesterday is one distressing ex-
ample-the efforts Of other Americans
like President Gleason are indeed re-
freshing. Especially praiseworthy is the
comment of Mr. Gleason concerning the
possibility of his speedup methods pos-
sibly being used to haunt him in future
contract negotiations: "But the country
gon Port Snag Is Said To Be Over," in
the RECORD at this point:
[From the New York Times, Aug. 5, 19661
SAIGON PORT NAG IS SAID To BE OVER-
GLEASON SAYS BOTTLENECK IS "COMPLETELY
CLEARED UP"
The shipping bottleneck in Saigon harbor
that had threatened the flow of supplies to
!troops in ' Vietnam has been "completely
cleared up," Thomas W. Gleason, president
of the International Longshoremen's Associa-
tion, said yesterday.
Mr. Gleason, who made several trips to
Saigon with some of his union colleagues to
determine ways of getting traffic through that
port faster, said some of the methods intro-
No. 140--11
duced might "embarrass" him in future ne-
gotiations with United States shipping com-
panies.
The I.L.A. officials persuaded South Viet-
namese dockmen to forgo their midday siesta
and to accept an incentive system for speedier
cargo unloading. Such "speed-up" meth-
ods "are going to haunt me when we sit
down for the next contract," Mr. Gleason
said at a news conference. "But the country
comes first," he added.
The news conference was held jointly with
John Condon, United States labor attache in
Saigon, who is completing a two-year tour
of duty.
While Mr. Condon praised the "unprece-
dented type of union service" given by the
union, he qualified the success reported by
Mr. Gleason.
He described the shipping bottleneck as
"substantially" cleared up as a result of the
"know-how" supplied by the union, and said
the flow of cargo had been speeded up to
"three or four times the previous rate."
At the suggestion of the I.L.A. advisers, the
United States furnished modern hoisting ma-
chinery for palletized cargo and shipped a
fleet of flatbed trucks to speed cargo from
cluttered piers to inland prefabricated ware-
houses for sorting and inland distribution.
THE INCREASING COST OF LIVING
(Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of
Mr. HALL) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the
U.S. Labor Department reported today
the national cost of living increased an-
other four-tenths of 1 percent in July
to a record lev?l, although goods prices
did not climb as much as usual during
July. Just when and where this infla-
tionary spiral will level off no one seems
to know. The following article by Ted
Lewis in today's New York Daily News
entitled "Question Is: What's Ahead
With HCL?" details the uncertainty
which prevails in official circles concern-
ing the months ahead.
I insert the above-mentioned column
in the RECORD at this point:
[From the New York Daily News, Aug. 23,
1966]
QUESTION IS: WHAT'S AHEAD WITH HCL?
(By Ted Lewis)
WASHINGTON, August 22.-The most elusive
cost-of-living information in the nation's
capital concerns what is going to happen to
the purchasing power of the consumer dollar
in the months ahead.
We went down to the Labor Department
today to try to get statistical lowdown on
this because it seemed more important than
what happened to `prices in July, now three
weeks past.
All we can report is that if any expert on
the consumers price index has a firm opin-
ion on price trends for the next few months,
he prefers to keep the significant political
and economic information to himself.
There were a few, cagily-phrased nuggets
of knowledge forthcoming that could sug-
gest that the outlook isn't too good. For
example, Arnold Chase, assistant commis-
sioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, ex-
pects that the price of eggs will be lower
later in the year.
On the other hand, Chase believes that
diary products such as milk and butter are
going to remain high for awhile. As for
meat, poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables, it
is hard to say.. A continued shortage of
pork is probably keeping that kind of meat
high, but beef prices could well be stabilized
at their present high level.
As for the accelerated rate of medical care
costs, there is some hope that this will level
off when more beds are available in hospitals
now under construction.
Now, it would appear that marvelous com-
puters should be available to supply some
hard information as to what is going to
happen next about the high cost of living.
Isn't this the kind of guideline that house-
wives want, not the meticulous data showing
how living costs went up again in July-
which surprised no one?
What everyone wants to know is where do
we go from here. The only clue that was
supplied today was the trend of the past-
which, if continued, means more gradual
melting away of the purchasing power of
the dollar.
Buried way down in the data on the con-
sumers price index was the revealing infor-
mation about what has happened to the
dollar.
In July, it was worth in terms of the dol-
lar's 1957-59 purchasing power just a little
over 88 cents. In July, 1965, its value on the
same basis was 90.7 cents.
In terms of the 1947-49 purchasing power
of the dollar, it was worth in July 71.9 cents.
In terms of the 1939 dollar, exactly 42.7
cents.
GROCERY BILL GOES UP AND UP
We prefer the statistic about this offered by
Commissioner Chase. A typical grocery bill
of $25 a week in June increased 10 cents in
July. And the July cost was 68 cents more
than the same amount of groceries cost in
July a year ago.
What is this consumer price index any-
way? Well, it covers pretty much every item
of consequence in a family's living costs.
It covers food bought for the home, food
away from home (restaurants). It covers
rent, fuel and utilities, household furnish-
ings, wearing apparel, transportation, health
and recreation costs, new cars and used cars.
The statisticians do a good job. They even
come up with comparable cost of living data
for key cities in the nation. Their basic
finding, however, is in the national average
category.
These government experts do a tremendous
job of finding out what happened to con-
sumer prices in the past, even if they hate to
talk about the future, except to remind that
there are usually seasonal trends.
For example, past experience has shown
that food prices usually decline in Septem-
ber. Does that mean they will decline this
September? No one knows positively, is the
response.
COST OF SERVICES OUTSTRIP FOOD PRICE RISE
There is a positive effort, as displayed by
the spokesman for the cost of living statistics
today, to show that the average consumer
does not have the right perspective in facing
up to his spending programs.
According to Commissioner Case, the con-
sumer gets upset about the high price of
bread but ignores the significance of other
price rises.
It was pointed out that a so-called "$100
basket of consumer goods and services" rose
$2.80 from July, 1965 to July, 1966. This may
be hard to believe, but the biggest increase
came in services, not in food prices. Food
rose 71 cents, which services rose $1.35. Other
items accounted for 74 cents.
What are these services that cost so much
more and outstripped food price rises? In
this category are medical care, barber and
beauty shops, domestic service, baby-sitters,
utilities, public transportation, laundry and
dry cleaning, movies, mortgage interest, etc.
This is a category worth considering in
trying to figure out how much more the cost
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CONGRESSIONAL RECQRD --HOUSE August 23, 1966
of living is likely to rise during the rest of the tions, people will be encouraged to save Moreover, the FDIC and the FSLIC
year. They are definitely services that always more, thus increasing the supply of both assure me that they are both well-
keep an rising during an inflationary period. money available to homeowners and equipped and financially able to hande
? While the consumer price index experts
clearly want no part of forecasting what the homebuilders. this $20,000 insurance ceiling.
August or September index is likely to show, When the insurance ceiling was last Two years ago both corporations tes-
no one else in the Administration wants to raised in 1950 from $5,000 to $10,000, tified that a ceiling of $25,000-$5,000
either, there was a measureable total increase higher than my bill proposes--was ac-
Garner Ackley, chairman of the President's in savings. An analysis of the distribu- tually justified by projections of reserves
Economic Advisory Council, won't guess what tion of savings accounts, particularly in in the foreseeable future. Studies by the
is going to happen. President Johnson isn't savings and loan associations, shows that
sure Which way prices are going, except up. there is an art flci "bulge" at the 1 DIC indicate that by 1971 a projected
He as much as said so in cue of his speeches ratio of the insurance fund to total de-
an his New England swing, when he admitted $10,000 level indicating that a great posits will be .96196 percent if the present
"we are faced today with a real danger to many savers deliberately limit their sav- $10,000 limit is retained and would be
the prosperity we have enjoyed for almost ings accounts to the insured amount. .96185 at a $25,000 limitation. This al-
six consecutive years." Leaders of the savings and loan industry most infinitesimal difference would be
estimate that if the ceiling were raised further decreased, of course, with only
FORTY-EIGHTH ANNIVERSARY OF there would be $1 billion to $2 billion it $20,000 limitation.
overall increase in savings and loan as- In short, Mr. Speaker, everything calls
LITHUANIA sociation accounts within a year aside for passage of this bill and nothing that
(Mr. FLOOD (at the request of Mr. from normal increases. I: can see argues seriously against it.
MACKAY), was given permission to ex- Moreover, this bill makes sense simply When similar legislation was up for con-
tend his remarks at this point in the in terms of keeping up with our normal sideration a couple of years ago, it was
RECORD and to include extraneous mat- economic growth. The last time Con- contended that the ceiling should not be
ter.) gress raised the insurance ceiling was increased without also increasing regula-
Mr. F1.OOb. Mr. Speaker, it is my 2950. Since then the amount of real tory controls over savings institutions,
intention to have reprinted all of the disposable income per person in terms This year, the administration has come
speeches on the 48th anniversary of of the value of the dollar in 1958 has forward with proposals for increased
Lithuania contained in the CONGRES- increased from $1,520 to $2,277 in-the controls which are being considered, as
SIONAL RECORD of February 16, or any second quarter of this year or an increase they should be; on their own merits in
previous or latter RECORDS, and if any of 49.8 percent. The total amount of a separate bill, the Financial Institutions
-Member objects to reprinting of his re- personal savings has gone from $176.3 Supervisory Act of 1966. That bill passed
billion to $402
3 billion in 1963 an in
marks
It Is
q
e
t
d th
.
,
re
u
s
e
at he contact Mr.
the Senate yesterday.
Raymond F. Noyes, CONGRESSIONAL crease of 128.2 percent. Since 1963 that It was also suggested 2 years ago that
RxcoRn clerk, room H-112 in the Capitol, amount has increased even further, but the need to increase the ceiling had not
or myself, within the next week. This exact figures are not available. And our been demonstrated and that the increase
announcement is being made in order to gross national product has increased in in the number of insured accounts would
Comply with the rules of the joint com- real terms by 81.3 percent from $355.3 b small as to hardly mittee on reprinting remarks from the billion to $644.2 billion in the second e so justify passing
a bill.
Rs eoRn, quarter of this year.
It Today, the need is clear. Our housing
smituti in our tradition to allow times. in- industry which relies so heavily upon the
ons to grow with the . It
I+ET VS INCREASE INSURANCE ON makes sense that if our people are going saving institutions which finance home-
. $AVINGS DEPOSITS to grow economically and at the same building and home buying is in a state
time increase their potential to save of crisis. It is cut off from its normal
MACKAY) (Mr.
was gHANNArant(ated the permissirequeston tofo Mr, more, we ought to allow for it. sources of finance by a dam of tight
v vixxo r o 111 - beyond dispute. It represents a logical know. Lam
RD and to include extraneous m aatt-
extension of one of the most successful We should not quibble over how many
ter.)
programs the Congress has ever enacted. more accounts the program would cover
Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, yesterday In 30 years of operation virtually the if the ceiling were raised today. The
I introduced H.R. 17168, a bill to increase entire adult population as individuals point is that we should do everything
the amount by which individual savings and millions of businesses and farmers possible to encourge savings. We can do
deposits are insured by the Federal have enjoyed absolute protection of their this best by increasing protection for the
Deposit Insurance Corporation and the deposits and savings to the extent of the individual saver. We can do it cheaply
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance insurance ceiling. As a result high con- at no cost to either the individual saver
Corporation. The present limit stands fidence in our financial institutions has or to the Government. This is clearly
at $10,000. My bill would raise the prevailed and financial transactions of the time to act, Mr. Speaker. I note in
amount to $20,000, an amount more suit- all types have been conducted with passing that the last time we increased
ed to the needs and demands of today. greater safety, convenience, and speed, the ceiling was in 1950, 15 years after
Mr. Speaker, I am submitting this What will this legislation cost? It will the last increase. At that rate, we are
legislation. simply because the dictates of cost the individual saver nothing. It will now 1 year overdue. My hope is that this
commonsense demand it.' We remain in cost the Government nothing. Premi- oversight will be remedied by speedy ac-
the midst of a period of continuing, un- ums for the Insurance are paid by the tion first by the House Banking and Cur-
paralleled economic growth. Our finan-_ insured institutions themselves. Over rency Committee and then by this body.
cial institutions have become stronger the years that premium. has been stead- . This legislation will benefit everyone--
than ever through skillful guidance by ily reduced first from the original rate of the individual saver, the savings institu-
able managers. They have earned our one-fourth of 1 percent of the total ac- tions themselves, the homebuyer, the
confidence. We need now to make an counts of the insured institution plus any homebuilder-and hurt no one. We have
apt and timely expression of that confi- creditor obligations it might have to nothing to lose by this legislation and a
dunce. Let our constituents know that one-eighth of 1 percent in 1935 and from great deal to gain by its speedy enact-
the soundness of our Nation's financial there to one-twelfth of 1 percent in 1950. ment into law.
institutions and the integrity and char- Additionally, because of almost negligi-
acter of their management is not ques- ble losses during the last 20 years of the
tioned by the Congress of the United program, the act establishing the FDIC
States. (Mr. HANNA (at the request of Mr.
was amended in 1960 to increase the rate
This legislation makes especially good of rebate of premiums to insured banks. tend his was remarks at granted t his point s ppermission
in ma In th e
sense In the context of the current crisis Thus although insured banks pay a pre- tend his rdmo uan-
in homebuilding. By increasing the mium of one-twelfth of 1 percent of de-
amount and m include extraneous mat-
amount of protection afforded the indi- posits, 66% of the Corporation's net as- ter')
vidual saver, by .bolstering public con- sessment income is refunded back to [Mr. HANNA'S remarks will appear
fidence in our long-term savings institu- them. hereafter in the Appendix.]
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 A4456
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 23, ,7x966
employers, Union and New York State Em-
ployment Service in order to:
1.. Develop an action program for local
labor organizations in voluntary compliance
with the State Law Against Discrimination
and other labor laws designed to protect the
rights of workers.
2. Develop a community project through
which Chemung County's labor organizations
can demonstrate labor's collective concern
and cooperation in dealing constructively in
a specific area with regard to non-discrimi-
natory employment, training and union
membership programs.
3. Suggest those programs, techiques and
procedures in keeping with labor's own self-
interest that will eliminate the aspect of
apparent discrimination.
Finally, there is the Goverment Relations
'Committee. This committee will develop
far reaching programs dealing with the City
and County Governments, the Police De-
partments and the various Public School
Systems. It will be suggested that this
nommlttee study Civil Service policies, to
work toward the elimination of discrimina-
tion in these practices; to study City and
County contracts to make certain contrac-
tors are fulfilling a non-discrimination pol-
icy and to recommend actions to implement
a non-discrminatory policy. While law en-
forcement is properly the role of a police
department, the responsibility of a County
intergroup agency in cooperating with and
aiding a police department in this,task is
of particular significance. Consequently,
this Committee will make every effort to
achieve close contact with the police de-
partments. And finally, this committee will
acquaint the Boards of Education and ele-
mentary and high school prinicipals with
the resources of the Commission itself, and
will cooperate with public school officials
on school-community relationships.
So much for the Commission and Com-
mittees.
We, here in attendance should realize that
while the government agency on the local
level must recognize that it has a distinc-
tive role to play, you should be aware that
it does not have the only role-each citizen
has a role to play also. More than a law is
needed to bring about the equality of treat-
ment, the expansion of individual opportu-
nity and the human dignity we seek for
every citizen. Our Commission cannot over-
emphasize the need for the continuing aid
and cooperation of all citizens in going be-
yond the law to establish warm personal
relationships based on mutual respect and
dignity.
You have undoubtedly read in your local
newspaper, that the Commission assisted the
first person who filed a housing complaint
at the Chemung County office to obtain an
apartment which he desired.
I am sure that as their new neighbors
become acquainted with this family they
will learn to appreciate that differences of
color are very extraneous to any judgment
they might make as to their character and
worth as individuals. The Commission has
become aware that the complainant, at first,
was subjected to vilification. This, in itself,
was extremely regrettable, as I am sure that
it did not reflect the true feelings of the
community, but it was rather the expression
of the warped viewpoint of a sick, lunatic
fringe,
It is because there does exist in any com-
munity this fringe of fanaticism that the
progressive people in the community must
take steps to nullify and eliminate such ex-
pressions of hate before they contaminate
the thinking of other people.
So what is our present need? The pres-
ent need, therefore, is to rouse from the
lethargic concept that time will take care of
everything and that nothing needs to be
done to assure that the voices of well-moti-
vated people wil be heard throughout the
County.
We cannot afford the easy assumption
that an integrated community will develop
naturally as a matter of simple, evolution-
ary progress in the cultural history of Che-
mung County. It is highly necessary that
those who have committed themselves to
the advancement of equal opportunity and
who have the social awareness of the need
to provide human rights to all people be
heard throughout Chemung County.
I deliberately avoided describing such per-
sons as articulate because it is my conviction
that all of us are fully articulate and all of
us, if we take the time and effort, can get the
message across. It is a sad commentary on
the life of any community when the most
vociferous are those who work toward anti-
social and degrading goals, while persons who
should know better are too often silent.
Therefore, it is necessary that we plan to-
gether-government, community leaders,
religious leaders, labor, industry and all ele-
ments of the community in Chemung
County so that there be no discrimination, no
ghettos, no racial or religious enclaves, but
that Chemung County become a model of
vibrantly alive, progressive, socially-balanced
and peaceful people in the years ahead.
To achieve this requires community plan-
ing at all levels. There must be in the minds
and hearts of all people a realization that the
equalities are truly inseparable. It is not
enough for Chemung County to assure to its
residents that they will have equal oppor-
tunity in the purchase or rental of a hous-
ing accomodation. There must be a similar
assurance that all persons will have equal
opportunity for employment and equal op-
portunity to enjoy the facilities of its places
of public accomodation-restaurants, parks,
barberships and all places of amusement,
recreation and cultural development.
For it is not enough to recognize the rights
of a person to buy a home or rent an apart-
ment unless there is equal recognition of his
right to be gainfully employed. Having a
home and employment, a person does not
enjoy full equality unless his rights to the
use of public accomodation is firmly estab-
lished.
Human Rights are interrelated and inter-
dependent. For freedom itself is indivisible.
A person may not be one-quarter;, one-half
or three-quarters free. He is altogether free
or he is not free at all.
You of Chemung County have an unusual-
future as few communities have had in their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
growth period. With intelligent planning for
the social, as well as the physical advance- Tuesday, August 23, 1966
ment of this community, Chemung County Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, the
may well become a model of American life following report on the Vietnam AID
for many parts of the Nation. It needs only
the vigilance of the people and the exer- program, by William C. Selover, writing
cise of their morality and intelligence. in the Christian Science Monitor of Au-
The Chemung County Commission on Hu- gust 8, 1966, is a sequel to his report
man Relations is the command post for equal which I inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL
opportunity for all. Through the recently RECORD on June 15, 1966:
opened office at the Federation Building the VIRTMAN PILFERING, GRAFT MUZZLED
people of this County will have full access (By William C. Selover)
to the utilization of the services and the
experiences of the Commission. WASHINGTON.-The black-market business
Our County has traveled part of the way In Vietnam is in serious trouble.
but still has a long way to go, but the revo- Pilfering of American aid shipments in
lution is underway and it is part of a revolu- Vietnamese ports is on the wane.
tion that has scored gain after gain in the Undetected diversion of United States
past. goods to the Viet Cong is no longer a simple
[From the Elmira (N.Y.) Star-Gazette, Aug.
16, 1966]
CHICAGO AND ELMIRA: A STUDY IN CONTRASTS
Two reports in yesterday's newspaper ac-
cented poles-apart approaches to a problem
that's big today and likely to be bigger
tomorrow.
Chicago provided another installment in
the continuing story of Negro rights march-
ers being assaulted and insulted by white
mobsters, some of whom were arrested in
battles with police.
Elmira reported forthcoming appointment
of four major committees to work with the
Chemung County Human Relations Commis-
sion in the important areas of housing, em-
ployment, public information and, govern-
ment relations.
The importance of these areas is indicated
by the complaints of the Chicago marchers
and the hostility with which the peaceful
airing of their grievances is greeted by an
admittedly small but intensely biased seg-
ment of Chicago's white population.
Searching studies of the Watts and other
violent manifestations of Negro frustration
have shown that no inconsiderable part has
been played by communities' failure to strive
for solutions to such problems as housing,
employment, communication and govern-
ment relations before 'the stage is set for
violence.
In announcing plans to amplify the human
relations commission's work through the
four committees, Philip J. Davis, the commis-
sion's executive director, told the Elmira
Branch of the National Association for tie
Advancement of Colored People that "wi-,h
intelligent planning for the social as well as
the physical advancement of this commu-
nity, Chemung County may well become a
model of American life for many parts of the
nation."
Davis' statement can be made to come
true if the people of the community not only
recognize the problem that exists but move,
through understanding and awareness of hu-
man rights, to achieve a solution.
As it takes two sides to make an argument,'
it takes two sides to avoid one-two sides
willing to talk frankly and to act realistically.
This, and every other enlightened commu-
nity, has a chance to avoid the costly and
hurtful situation that has put Chicago into
the headlines.
The way is not simple and certainly it is
not easy.
But it is the honest way to recognize that
all men have rights and to win respect for
tl1c a rights.
matter.
And United States and Vietnamese busi-
nessmen in Saigon no longer are hauling in
vast profits from a grossly artificial dollar-
piaster exchange rate.
All this resulted because the State Depart-
ment and the Department of Defense finally
decided to tighten controls over the use of
United States commercial and defense spend-
ing. And for the first time, the General Ac-
counting Office is maintaining auditors on
the scene to Investigate persistent rumors of
graft, collusion, and mismanagement.
The sincerity of these new controls shows
up in sharply increasing action taken by the
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Vietnam Pilfering, Graft Muzzled
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
'
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August 23, -1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
Human Relations Progress in Chemung
County, N.Y.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON
or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 8, 1966
Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, during
this summer which has seen so much
raeial violence in northern communities,
it is a pleasure to be able to report on ad-
vances which are being made in the field
of equal opportunity and living condi-
tions.
From March 1958 to June of this year
I employed on my congressional staff
Philip J. Davis of Elmira, N.Y. He began
while an undergraduate at Howard Uni-
versity and served as a part-time file
clerk. In the next year he also did part-
time work for then-Representatives
William H. Avery, of Kansas, and Jack
Westland, of Washington. On his grad-
uation from Howard and his entry
into law studies at that university, he as-
sumed a full-time position on my staff as
a staff assistant, and held this post until
his resignation in June to accept the post
of executive director of the Council of
Human Relations of Chemung County,
N.Y., one of the four counties in my con-
gressional district.
Earlier this month Mr. Davis made his
first speech in his new position, address-
ing the Elmira, N.Y., branch of the
NAACP. I include the text of his speech,
and an editorial from the Elmira Star
Gazette, commenting on it:
I feel deeply honored at being permitted
to participate in your program today. I
would hope that I am here representing t e
Chemung County Commission on Human
Relations, charged with the responsibility for
advancing human rights and human dignity.
I speak to you, therefore, as one connected
with a county agency which is beginning to
learn its way in the difficult and complex area
of human relations. I am representative
also of a county government agency which
does not possess enforcement powers but
must rely on the processes of mediation and
conflation, reinforced by the power of what-
ever status and prestige the Commission and
its members and staff are able to achieve in
the community. Some of you may wonder
just what is human relations-It's the art
and science of human beings relating to each
other. It allies one person with other peo-
ple-in short, it's every day living with re-
spect for your fellow man.
We are blessed today that laws have been
enacted by the federal government, many
states and municipalities, guaranteeing civil
rights to all citizens. Laws are important!
They place a fashionable cloak on efforts to
eliminate discrimination.
The passage of civil rights laws, however,
as Winston Churchill once said in another
context, marks only "the end of the begin-
ning." Unfortunately, stratification and dis-
crimination based on color, creed and ethnic
grouping have been embedded in our society,
andfor so long, that it vitally affects every
area of the American way of life. Tape bars
can be lowered completely at the hiring gate,
but an employee's progress in the plant or
factory can be seriously affected by his social
club, his social status and his social ac-
ceptance.
When we are dealing with civil rights and
human rights, it is entirely possible to obey
the letter of the law and to violate its spirit
Approved
at every turn. The stirring challenge of our
times, my friends, is how we transcend the
.latter and evoke the spirit.
We, of the Human Relations Commission
have no simple answer. We have no easy
answer.
Basically, we do believe that we can only
move beyond the letter of the law if neigh-
bors will help neighbors do so on the local
level. The battle for civil rights in the fu-
ture assuredly will be fought and won or lost
in each individual community-in the city
hall--in the county boards--in the courts-
in the police department-in the schools-in
the churches-in the factories--in- the
stores-in the homes-and yes, in the streets.
If this be so, then the role of a human rela-
tions agency must become increasingly im-
portant as the struggle for human dignity
is channeled more and more within the local
areas. This is why we believe the momentum'
for the formation of these agencies will con-
tinue until virtually every community of any
appreciable size will have its Human, Rights
Committee or its Human Relations Commis-
sion.
According. to the U.S. Conference of Mayors
a total of 264 of the 589 U.S. cities with popu-
lations of 30,000 or more have official com-
munity relations study organizations.
But establishing a human rights agency,
just like enacting a civil rights law, is at
best only a beginning step. Translating that
agency into a viable instrument for change
is the important task. The task of a human
relations agency and its opportunities have
never been greater.
In referring to the post civil war period,
historian C. Van Woodward has written,
"Just as the Negro gained his emancipation
through a falling out between White men so
did he lose his rights through a reconcilia-
tion with White men". Thus, indeed was
the emancipation of the Negro aborted.
Now today, on behalf of the Human Rela-
tions Commission, I would like to call upon
you to join with us in helping complete that
emancipation and bring about another re-
conciliation. This time, a real reconcilia-
tion--that of Negroes and Whites and people
of all. nationalities who live within our land.
But let me warn you that this task will not
be easy.
Let us take a look at our local commission,
thereby allowing you to gain a broader un-
derstanding of what we are and what we are
attempting to do and-how each one of you
can better aid the cause.
The Chemung County Commission on Hu-
man Relations was created by the Chemung
County Board of Supervisors and its very able
Chairman, John C. Gridley, on October 14,
1963, and the members and the Chairman
were appointed by the Board on January 13,
1964. The Commission was established in
accordance with general enabling legislation
enacted by New York State in 1963 with an
overall purpose of fostering mutual respect
and understanding among all racial, religious
and nationality groups in the county.
The statutory duties and obligations of the
Commission are:
1. Inquire into incidents of tension and
conflict between racial groups and take
action to alleviate the same.
2. Receive complaints of alleged discrimi-
nation, seek the assistance of the State Com-
mission For Human Rights in cases within
the State Commission's jurisdiction and to
solve others through conference, conciliation
and persuasion.
8. Conduct and recommend educational
programs to open opportunities in all areas
of community life and enlist all groups to
help in such programs.
4. Hold conferences and other public meet-
ings in the interest of constructive resolution
of racial tensions and resulting prejudice and
discrimination.
There are several different ways to inter-
pret these obligations. ; Obviously, if a com-
mission is charged with alleviating tension
-`1 Sol-
A4455
and group conflict as well as preserving
domestic peace and tranquility, it can do so
by attempting to strengthen the status quo;
by discouraging members of minority groups
from moving into houses in areas where there
is resistance to them; by keeping large em-
ployers satisfied by not challenging their
right to employ Negroes only as maintenance
workers or elevator operators; by trying to
prevent street demonstrations through
bringing pressure on the minority group
rather than through attempting to remedy
the unfair situation which has incited the
demonstration. This, however, is not what
we are in business to do.
Our purpose is promote amicable relations
between racial and cultural groups, coordi-
nate activities of private groups in this field
and aid in enforcement of anti-discrimina-
tion laws.
At present there are 9 Commissioners and 2
paid staff persons, an Executive Director and
Secretary.
The members are chosen usually because
they are persons of status or because they
have been in the forefront in the human
rights struggle as protagonists or private or-
ganizations having a unique constituency
and a special point of view. Suddenly the
Commission members find themselves sitting
around a table considering problems jointly
instead of being placed at opposite ends as
adversaries.
Instead of representing a particular group
or cause, they must nowrepresent all the
people. This is not an easy or simple transi-
tion. It takes time and patience and wisdom
to effect rapprochement-and understanding
to overcome suspicion and antagonism.
The Commission is broken down into 4
standing committees. Briefly I shall try to
give you some of the activities that each
committee will be concerned with.
First, the Public Information Committee.
This committee could be considered one of
our "bread and butter" agency programs.
The broad function of this committee is that
of informing the larger community about
problems and prospects in the area of human
relations. This committee will take the form
of speakers bureaus, forums, basic study
courses in human relations and ongoing con-
sultant services.
Next there is the Housing Committee. The
Human Relations Commission believes that
there must be full access to adequate hous-
ing for all residents of Chemung County re-
gardless of race, creed or color, and that non-
whites must have the opportunity to compete
for adequate housing with full assurance that
the deciding factors, rather than racial iden-
tity, will be those criteria that are uniformly
applied to any white person who is desirous
of renting or buying. To this end this
committee will be concerned- especially with
relocation and Urban Renewal, code enforce-
ment, real estate, rentals and implementa-
tion-which will be designed to further ob-
tain compliance with housing regulations as
defined by New York State Law and other
law.
Next the Employment Committee. The
Human Relations Commission believes that
there must be full equality for opportunity
for all persons in every aspect of employment
in all of Chemung County. To this end this
committee will be concerned with cultivating
wider employment opportunities for both
male and female; developing resources for
training and employment opportunities; pro-
viding regular consultation services to em-
ployment personnel departments both public
and private; identifying the under-employed
and up-grading in present jobs; developing a,
more effective working relationship with
organized labor; holding regular meeting
with guidance counsellors in public schools
and initiating new training programs
through existing institutions. In addition,
consideration will be given to sponsoring a
Human Relations Workshop involving local
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 :CIA-RP68000400100007-0 A4457
August 23, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - P
provost marshal against United States mili- fumes, lingerie, etc., into the black market. This could mean end-use auditing of the
Lary and civilian nationals involved in black These formerly filtered down through gen- particular sensitive product. The whole
nds.n servicemen to their earlier discovery thatotenavoid timea s he amount Of the
aim is t marketing and currency violations. Brous gifts from America
Almost without publicity, case after case Vietnamese girl nto
has been heard and disciplinary action taken This new procedure went i effect follow- by that country nitrate that
went ~tol Vietnam possibly year, of silver to thwart illegal activity. lag the subcommittee inspection in May. y In a closed hearing before a congressional On June 1, new PX cards were issued, Nobody noticed until too late. Presumably to the
Viet Con committee on Aug. 1, Thomas D. Morris, As- printed on watermarked paper and serially anmuch d broken it dowas wn into sdiiver and explosives.
sistant Secretary of Defense, revealed the ex- numbered to avoid counterfeiting. FEW into
AUDITS
tent of the action taken to date. On July 1, a new directive was issued auditing of imported goods
As of the end of June, cases against 92 per- which, in effect, reduced the civilian PX Still, end-use aonly in these spectacularly
sons in the military and 7 civilians had either clientele by about 6,000. is done now
been completed or were in process. A program of merchandise control was be- sensitive cases. But, of course, even this
All cases against military personnel which gun, designed to keep tabs on individuals was not done before the Moss committee
had been completed resulted in some type of who purchased 3 or more of an item at the began probing.
disciplinary action, he reported. And con- pX. The General Accounting Office, an arm of
victions against civilians resulted in the ejec- Greater diligence is being exercised to pro- Congress to help keep tabs on an arm
of each individual from Vietnam and tect movements Of PX merchandise from port tion spending, completed a report on the
referral of his case to the Internal Revenue areas to the depots. Vietnam program and commended AID for
Service. Mr. Moss testified that this has "practi- its efforts. The report issued July 29, pointed
Little of the present diligence would have cally eliminated the diversion of post ex- out that "AID has taken aggressive action
occurred-certainly, not so quickly-except change merchandise on a bulk basis into the in recent months toward applying greater
for the persistent efforts of a congressional black market." audit and review effort in significant program
fact-finding committee which conducted an He also reported that "pilferage from the areas. For example, a special group has been
on-the-spot probe of United States opera- depots has practically disappeared." Over- estabilshed in Vietnam to give particular
reportedly, to an attention to strategic commodities; and ac-
n reduced
b
,
ee
tions in Vietnam this past May. all loss liar
This is one congressional trip which may acceptable 4 percent.
already be paying off in multimillion dollar ECONOMY ASSISTED
savings to the American taxpayers. These are examples of relatively simple
STARTED IN JANUARY control measures which have been put to
The House subcommittee on government work. Congressmen think these measures
operations, under the careful chairmanship should have been in effect much earlier.
of Rep. JOHN E. Moss (D) of California, be- ,This proves that you can have adequate
orts that these matters in wartime," ex-
e
r
t
i
tion has been started to increase and upgrade
the mission audit staff in Vietnam."
But the story is still far from glowing.
Nobody is happy with the military con-
struction picture.
To date there have been virtually no audits
in a program which has spent half a billion
dollars, and is expected to reach one billion
o
ga r
p ccontrols ove
gan last January to invest
soon.
the escalation of the war had not been fol- plained an informed congressional source. The accounting-office report bore down
lowed by a corresponding increase in control "Rather than hurting the war effort, it helps most heavily on this.
os Explaining eavithe report in closed hearings
procedures over government spending. the economy." m
in closed hearings at that time, spokesmen The Agency for International Development the Moss ubcommittee on July 2h, Elmer
for the Defense and State Departments ar- (AID) program has also, since the May visit of Staats, subcommittee Comptroller July 9 liner
gued that very little could be done under of the subcommittee delegation, initiated B B. StaMo itco United States "Although there
wartime circumstances. "Don't rock the several other useful reforms. eral, told congressmen: en for waste and
great potential
boat," they said, in effect. The dollar-piaster rate on import trans- seems to the
Finally, feeling that those responsible for actions was reducted from an effective rate ee xtravagant in connection with lilitar
the programs in Washington were unable to of 60 to the dollar to 118 to the dollar. the diversion of supplies and material, in m, provide them with enough useful informa- Rutherford M. Poats, AID director for the anent rdi e and audit supplies ateria l of
tion, the committee decided hearings on the Far East, testified in closed hearings before has been minimal."
spot would be necessary. the Moss subcommittee on July 18, that "the he picture so far is mixed, but the di-
to they turned up in May was shocking devaluation by doubling the piaster cost of The pit according to the congressmen
to most committee members. foreign exchange also will result in an ap- who watch this clsly, good.
Blackmarketing was rampant; profiteering preciable curtailment of opportunities for "What watch is cl now is to get the military
rife; controls and audits nil But already the illegal reexportation of Commercial Import audit activity in Vietnam going," explained
story is changing. Program (CIP) commodities and reduce or an audit
informed con ntessi has done p"The De-
from Vietnam with some very specific pro- tices as over-invoicing: fense ena this field."
1Sosals. And responsible officials apparently Until this exchange reform, these prat- The nothing in
Vietnam by the Moss sub-
got the message. tices apparently were common.
The problem was summed up recently by The devaluation resulted from extended committee represents a real turning point in
Rep. DONALD RUMSFELD (R) of Illinois, a negotiations with the Vietnamese Govern- this whole business.
member of the subcommittee. ment. This watchdog committee doesn't claim
CONTROLS EFFECTIVE IMPORTERS EXPANDED full credit for the action taken, just for
He told his congressional colleagues: Another result of these negotiations was speeding it along. Nevertheless, ever since
"There is no question that the relationship the permission by the Vietnamese Govern- his return from Vietnam, Chairman Moss
which existed when the United States had meat to allow new importers to enter the has been banging away at the administra-
but a handful of advisers in South Vietnam previously closed import community. For- tion. His efforts are paying off. "He forced
is out of date at a time when there are merly, this privilege was limited to a few the administration to 'can'. their arguments
men who pulled in juicy that nothing could be done," said a source
s
i
'
,
nes
influential bus
,000 Americans in that country:
300,000
fit
s.
Members of the moss subcommittee are pro
reasonably satisfied with recent steps being Also, the Vietnamese Government has
housekeeperAdminis-
taken to correct audit and control gaps in agreed to allow General Services
Vietnam. Still, they feel, there is much more to (OirectlySA), the government
seven bulk commodities.
that could be done, especially in the defense This, according to Mr. Posts "will preclude
construction spending.
Independent reports received by the sub- collusion between suppliers and importers."
committee from Vietnam indicate that al- Formerly, the GSA was forced to purchase
se needed materials from the Vietnam-
th
"
e
definite el-
ready controls have produced a
m feet" on the black market, that it is "really ceonv convince the Vietnamese Government that
hurting? other bulk commodities should be allowed
substitutes for American goods commonly t be imported directly by GSA.
o
close to the chairman.
The only question being asked is: Why did
it take so long for the State Department and
the Department of Defense to take the first
few simple steps toward adequate controls?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
found in the black market are beginning to
RUSE UNCOVERED HON. JOHN R. SCHMIDHAUSER
appear. This it considered a sure sign that One of the most important innovations by
control ls are working.
One example of a simple device for con- AID was the recent establishment of an of- OF IOWA
trolling products sold at post exchanges is fice of special assistant for commodity amid- IN THE HOUSE Tuesday, August OF REPRESENTATIVES
of "women only" counters. cis, with a staff of four, in the Far East
Here onlyintroductionthe authorized American service bureau of AID. Their function, according to MIDHA23, MMr1966
Speaker,
Swomen and female civilian government per- Mr. Poats, is to identify "commodities which Mr. STH
a
I would like to call to the attention the
sonnel are allowed to purchase goods. No are particularly susceptible to diversion to
men can buy goods here. the Viet Cong and to alert the mission of Members of the House of Representatives
This apparently has markedly cut down their expected arrival or to the need for a touching poem entitled "My Son, A
the injection of American cosmetics, per- special measures."
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 A4458
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .-APPENDIX August
iviarlne wmcn was sent to me by Mrs.
Joyce Jimenez Essex, of Davenport,
Iowa, In loving memory of her beloved
son, Norbert, who was killed In action on
June 15 while on a patrol with the 9th
Marine G Company in Vietnam.
The author, the mother of Norbert,
would like to share with each of you her
poem :
MY SON, A MARINE
(Written by Mrs. Joyce Jimenez, the mother
of Sgt. Norbert G. Simmons, Co. G 9th
Marines)
Viet Nam is where my son died
When I heard the news
I cried and cried
My son was a Marine
outstanding and brave
Fought and died
for our country to save.
Not wanting to see
communist at our back door
So he kept re-enlistin'
more and more
His letters I received
showed him a human being
But at the end of each one
"Mona I'm a tough Marine.
Mom I"m also a man
so don't worry about me
I'm doing my job
to help keep you all free"
Now he is gone
from this world of sin
To make a new life
where In dreams I have been
Jesus was waiting
with an outstretched hand
Looked at my son and said
"You have obeyed my command"
He fell on his knees
before our Most High
with a backward look
and a last good-bye
And Jesus said
"My boy you are one,
who has come to me
with a job well done."
A Reminder of Our Past
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 23, 1966
Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, in the
August 21 issue of the New York Times,
there appeared, a very interesting article
concerning Fort Griswold, located at
Groton, Conn., in my congressional dis-
trict. The fort is a stirring reminder
of the brave role played by the militia-
men of Connecticut during the American
Revolution.
I am pleased to call this article to the
attention of the House, because it illus-
trates the point that in our daily bustle
we tend to overlook the fact that our
cities and countryside contain numerous
and fascinating historic sites telling of a
proud past. Too often we put the family
in the car and set off for a destination
little more enlightening than the next
hotdog stand.
I feel that it is not only a rewarding
experience for citizens of all ages to visit
our historic shrines, but by so doing par-
ents may also fulfill the duty to instill In
their children a knowledge and respect
for the history of their Nation. If this
had been done more thoroughly In the
recent past, we would today have a much
better understanding and appreciation
of our history by our younger generation.
Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con-
sent I insert the article referred to above
into the RECORD.
A TINY GARRISON THAT DEFIED BENEDICT
ARNOLD
(By Bernard J. Malahan)
GROTON, CoxN.--Every summer, thousands
of visitors climb the steep hill to Fort Gris-
wold State Park for a look at the historic
stone and earth defense works. This fortifi-
cation was the setting of a Revolutionary
War battle in which the British commander
was $enedict Arnold.
A year before, Arnold had been a com-
manding officer in General Washington's Co-
lonial forces. But he fled to the British
lines after being exposed as a traitor, and
it was as a brigadier general in the British
Army that he led the assault on Fort Gris-
wold in 1781.
STRATEGIC LOCATION
The fort had been completed by Colonial
militiamen in 1778 to help defend -the stra-
tegic coastal area on the Thames River.
Groton Is situated directly across the river
from New London, which during the Revolu-
tion served as a home part for the privateer
ships that constantly harassed the British.
Benedict Arnold's raid on Fort Griswold
took place In the closing months of the war.
Its primary, although unrealized, objective
was to divert General Washington, who was
massing his forces at Chesapeake Bay for a
siege of Yorktown.
With a fleet of more than 30 ships and
a force of about 1,700 men, Arnold entered
New London Harbor on the morning of Sept.
6, 1781. He formed his troops into two divi-
sions. One of them, under his direct com-
mand, overcame the New London defenses
and burned some 130 buildings before night-
fall, destroying the town.
The other division, with approximately 900
men, fought its way up the heights in
Groton to attack Fort Griswold. Defending
this stronghold were about 160 men, in-
eluding hastily summoned militiamen and a
small garrison force.
Twice the British were repulsed. They had
lost two of their ranking officers and 191 men,
when, according to an eye-witness who re-
corded the details in his diary, "a luckless
shot cut the halyards" of the Fort Griswold
flag. The British, believing the flag to have
been struck by the defenders, rallied, charged
again and gained entry to the fort.
Col. William Ledyard
commander of th
,
e
Colonial troops, ordered his men to lay down
then arme. A British officer approached Col-
onel Ledyard and asked, "Who commands
this fort?" Ledyard replied, "I did, sir, but
you do now," and, in the traditional
.
ere has
cere- been little alteration in the situation out-
sword of surrender, he handed over his,
is sword.
The British leader then thrust the blade lined by Representative GREEN of Oregon in
through Ledyard's heart. 1962: a few states and a few institutions
This touched off an unbelievably' brutal get most of the money. Congressional im-
massacre of the defenseless and exhausted patience is increasing. This was evident in
Colonial troops. Eighty-four were killed, 40 recent hearings on geographical distribution,
suffered serious wounds and the rest were before a subcommittee on Government Oper-
taken prisoner and horribly mistreated. The t(Sloes ce, 5 headed August by Sen6In HARRIS his s a aminat on
attack lasted only an hour. of the ent 1966). S Adviser, Senator
o In 1830, the State of Connecticut erected HARRIS accPresident's
sed both Hornig Dr. Ha-
Groton Monument "in memory of the brave worh accused boDr. Hornig and and con-
patriots who fell in the Battle of Fort Gris- descen wortth, NSF, their being patronizing
of and c-
wold near this spot." The monument is a di ng in giving ogress the of na oon .
stone obelisk that stands 135 feet high; it is mine and of gating Congress trunound
22 feet square at the base. The bitterness of Senator HARRIS'S attack
, at
Inside this is an excellent place from which makes ecessttit more u
but a ek nd ers background
d ude to view the expansive fort and the adjoining m rs of the Establishment have ib.
battery area, which was built in 1812. Slow to Leade of respond d t to Important shifts shi havbeen
HISTORIC REMINDERS fts In pol:lti-Cal Gun emplacements looking down on the stances. Perhaarising ps her most Import' ntcis a
harbor, a powder house and a sturdy brick revised evaluation of the Russians. During
furnace used for heating Cannon balls are the 1950's Ivan was portrayed as a superhu-
all reminders of Fort Griswold's historic role, man 12 feet tall. Following the 1962 Cu-
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,23, 1966
At the foot of the monument is a small
museum operated by the Daughters of the
American Revolution. Here, Colonel Led-
yard's sword Is displayed, as are other items
associated with Groton's and New London's
eventful history.
The museum and monument are open from
2:30 to 5 P.M., Tuesdays through Saturdays.
The fort itself is open daily.
Groton is in the eastern corner of the
state, on Interstate Route 95. It is approxi-
mately 130 miles from New York City.
Political Realities and Educational Needs
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 18, 1966
Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, for
many years now, the Federal Govern-
ment has provided funds to support
much basic and applied research at this
Nation's educational institutions. We
have reason to be proud of the achieve-
ments which the science community has
made but we cannot afford to rest on our
laurels. Science is a dynamic and. con-
stantly changing field of intellectual
pursuit requiring our continuing con-
fidence and support.
In the August 19 issue of Science
magazine we are reminded of our duty to
oversee the equitable and efficient dis-
tribution of research ' and development
funds to our many advanced educational
centers. We must be responsive to the
existing political realities of the present
and future and to the vast and complex
educational needs which confront us.
In doing so, it is important to note that
the same Russian scientists who shocked
us into a massive buildup of our scientific
forces in the 1950's are still deeply in-
volved in the development of their coun-
try's resources. There is no doubt that
they will be followed by men of superior
knowledge and training. This is not the
time to relax our vigilance.
I would like to bring to the attention
of Congress the following editorial:
POLITICAL REALITIES AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
In September 1965 President Johnson is-
sued an executive order aimed at achieving
more even distribution of research funds.
Change, however, has been slow
Th