VIETNAM POLL RESULTS TABULATED

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400090009-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: July 19, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

A3798
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : PIA-RDP67B00446R000400090009-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX July 19, 1966
One such encouraging development
has been the ouster of President Sukarno
in. Indonesia. The newspaper suggests
this action by the Indonesian Peoples
Consultative Congress means the Dja-
karta-Peking partnership has truly
ended, the confrontation with Malaysia
is over and communism has been out-
lawed from the land.
In Vietnam, the Wichita newspaper
notes, the Mekong Delta is coming back
into South Vietnamese hands.
Because these hopeful developments
are worthy of attention, I would like to
insert in the RECORD the editorial that
appeared in the Wichita Eagle on July 7,
1966. The editorial follows:
A FEW HOPEFUL SIGNS BRIGHTEN PICTURE IN
ASIA
There Is no scarcity of crises in the world,
and they dominate our thinking. And we
tend to brood about our failures and frustra-
tions as a nation. Consequently, the posi-
tive and successful happenings often do not
get the attention they deserve.
Something occurred this week which has
to be judged a victor' by Western standards.
The government of Indonesia made official
what has been taking place for months-
President Sukarno, the erratic and power-
hungry president of Indonesia, is out. A
more realistic and Western-oriented regime
is in.
Sukarno's authority has been steadily
diminishing in recent weeks. Now the Peo-
ples Consultative Congress has stripped him
of his life presidency and authorized Lt. Gen.
Suharto to form a new cabinet. Today
Sukarno is truly nothing more than a figure-
head.
Indonesia has been heading this direction
ever since the abortive Communist coup of
last fall. Now we can see how far the nation
really has come. The Congress' action means
that the Jarkarta-Peking partnership which
Sukarno nourished is truly ended, that the
explosive confrontation with Malaysia which
Sukarno encouraged is over, and (the Indo-
nesian government spelled it out) that com-
munism, Marxism and Leninism are out-
lawed in the land which not long ago seemed
irrevocably leftist.
All this represents an almost incredibly
bright spot in the dark world of interna-
tional events. The prospects for peace in
that region of the world are immeasurably
improved. So are the hopes for building an
Indonesia to the free world's liking. In less
than a: year the tide has completely reversed.
We are in danger of overlooking bright
t' ha
t-
s
Arizona and the whole Southwest des-
perately need this bill passed. The water
supply situation is already a critical problem
in this state, and threatens to become worse.
Assurance of more water In Arizona will
benefit the economy of the entire country.
I am strongly urging my friends in Wis-
consin to write you requesting that you vote
for the Colorado River Project bill. I know
that they, as well as I, will watch your vote
with interest. Thank you.
Respectfully,
Mr. RUSSELL A. BENNETT.
LONGVIEW, TER., July 12, 1966.
My DEAR MR. REuss: I am sixteen years
old and will be a junior in high school.
Recently I read in our daily newspaper that
the Interior Secretary has proposed a plan
to flood the Grand Canyon and that you are
fighting the project. What I would like to
say is-please keep fighting! The Grand
Canyon is a trademark of America. I think
that to flood the Grand Canyon in Arizona
would be like tearing down the Alamo here in
Texas! We have that same problem of badly
needed water here in Texas, but it's just in
the Western part and our state officials are
working out careful plans for the situation.
I haven't seen the Grand Canyon but the
day that I do see it I would like to see it
unharmed.
Mr. Reuss I'm sure millions of other Amer-
icans are fighting with you but in a silent
way.
Mr. Reuss please keep fighting
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ROY H. McVICKER
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr McVICKER. Mr. Speaker, I am
including here the results of a poll I
conducted in the Second Congressional
District of Colorado. I would like to
thank the more than 14,000 citizens who
took the trouble to inform me of the
views they have on the Vietnam war, for
my poll was devoted entirely to that
subject.
Mr. Speaker, one reason for devoting
the entire questionnaire to the subject
of Vietnam was that- as I conducted a
districtwide series of town meetings, I
discovered that the war was of such vital
interest to my constituents that I should
delve deeper into their opinions, giving
them a better individual opportunity to
express their views on the subject.
One especially gratifying aspect of
this questionnaire is that so many per-
sons added comments elaborating their
views on one or more of the questions of
concern to them. Of those answering,
35.5 percent were Democrats, 30.2 per-
cent Republicans, and 34.3 percent inde-
pendents. I also intended the question-
naire to point up the complexity of the
,problem and the difficulty of our de-
cisions. I think the questionnaire served
that purpose.
Perhaps the most significant conclu-
sion to be drawn from these answers is
Arizonans Seek Support of Kin and
Friends for Desecration of the Grand
Canyon
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 18, 1966
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, recently I
have received- a number of letters from
Arizonans containing essentially the
same message: that the writer is a for-
mer resident of my State or congres-
sional district, that since coming to Ari-
zona he or she has discovered that it is
a dry State and in need of water, that
"many friends and relatives" from Wis-
consin have visited the writer in Arizona
or have been visited by him or her since
the writer moved to Arizona, and that
the writer now plans to write all these
friends and relatives in Wisconsin to
urge them to urge me to support the con-
struction of two dams in the Grand Can-
yon. In addition, some of the letters
point out that the writer and all the
friends and relatives in Wisconsin will
watch my vote with interest.
A substantial portion of the popula-
tion of Arizona consists of recent mi-
grants from other States. Between 1955
and 1960, for example, 6,928 Wisconsin
residents moved to Arizona. The pro-
ponents of the unnecessary power dams
in the Grand Canyon are showing real
resourcefulness in employing some of
these people in an effort to obtain pass-
age of H.R. 4671.
But not even widespread ties of kin-
ship and friendship will succeed in in-
ducing Americans to accept a- major-
and unneeded-alteration of one of their
great natural resources.
Most Americans and most Members of
Congress, I believe, are ready to help
Arizona get- the water it needs, but to in-
sist that it do so without damming the
Grand Canyon.
I include hereafter a letter typical of
the correspondence I have received from
a number of Arizonans.
en on
spots in Viet Nam, too. While a
I include also a more spontaneous let-
significant centered on fighting in the North,
significant developments have been taking ter in which a 16-year-old Texas youth
place in the far South. The current issue of compares the -plan to flood the Grand
U.S. News and World Report tells about Canyon-the Bridge and Marble Canyon
them. - . dams would back up water in the Canyon
Eighteen months ago, the lush Mekong for 132 of its 280 miles-to the destruc-
delta was all but lost. Now the South Viet- tion of the Alamo in Texas.
namese army, with a minimum of U.S. aid, TEMPE, ARIZ., July 3, 1966.
has turned the tables on the Communists. HENRY TEM REUSS,
So far this year more than 2,500 Viet Cong far this year Office more
Building,
have deserted to government forces. A year Washington, D.C.
and a half ago, only 36 per cent of the delta DEAR CONGRESSMAN REUSS: Before moving
population was under shaky government con-, to Arizona, I lived in,the district you now
trot Now more than 55 per cent is and represent in Congress. Many of the friends I
another 2s per cent is under "clearance" e" t Civic left in Wis. have spoken well of you. I plan
make it secure from Red u terrorism.
action, use to write to them, as I am to you, urging sup-
Vietnamese
"pacification" spearheaded steams with South h advisers, , is port of the Colorado River Basin Project
improving as legislation now pending.
represents t the real lot success the villagers.
story y o for The delta Contrary to what the so-called preserva-side. We need to realize the sof these ese tionists say, the dams at Bridge Canyon and
significance our
developments. When Indonesia reverses Marble Canyon will not "ruin" the Grand
course, when the Mekong delta shows signs Canyon but will actually make much marve-
of being won, we must be doing something _lous scenery accessible to millions of Amer-
right. scans.
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 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400090009-0
July 19, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
Lord & Taylor, Mr. Melvin E. Dawley; can suggest the best place to find It. The
the president of the Swiss Society of New services also include several offices of the
York, Mr. Frank J. Weibel; and the presi- participating enterprises.
dent of the American Society for Friend- The Swiss Center has also been conceived
ship with Switzerland, Mr. T. F. Davies as a gathering point for another key audi-
ence--the 25,000 or so people who make up
Haines. the Swiss colony in the United States, a
At the dedication ceremonies, Dr. Vic- majority of whom live in the Greater New
for Umbricht, president of the Swiss York area. Thousands of them bold double
Center spoke of the origins and develop- citizenship and are proud to call themselves
ment of the center. I commend his ad- both American and Swiss.
dress to my colleagues: For the future I hope that facilities can be
a chance of self expression with a Helvetic
Distinguished guests, friends. accent. The sponsors would like to see the
Energy, imagination, and faith by a num- proceeds from the Center-as it develops-be
her of persons have not brought a long pour- turned to setting up a fund to support such
ished hope to fruition-the dedication today activities and, in particular, to assist de-
of The Swiss Center. serving young artists.
It was at a dinner party in New York some Before closing my remarks about the Swiss
4 years back, that a working group was Center, I wish to pay a tribute to a man who
formed to bring reality the long-considered is not with us today, but who played an im-
Swiss Center. portant part in bringing it about-that is,
It is our pleasure to be here today-four Mr. Robert Goelet who owned the property
years, many meetings, and a few glasses of at the time we leased it from him. Mr.
wide later-to see this new landmark in the Goelet died in February of this year, and
heart" of Manhattan dedicated to mark the so, was unable to see the project of the Swiss
presence of Switzerland and provide infor- Center, in which he took a genuine interest,
mation on all aspects of the country, its brought to fruition. ' His executor, counsel
peoples and its economy. and close personal friend, Mr. Sidney David-
Fourteen Swiss enterprises have joined to- son, is however sitting here with me on the
gether to establish this 11-story center at 608 dais, and I shall now ask him to conveyrour
Fifth Avenue, near another prestigious tour- warm greetings to the members of Mr.
ist attraction, Rockefeller Center. Goelet's family and to tell them that we are
Our new institution is designed to be a thinking of Mr. Goelet on this occasion.
focal point from which to project and foster Ladies and Gentlemen, as you know, the
Swiss economic, cultural, touristic, and other invitations for today's luncheon were sent
interests in the United States. out jointly by the American Society for
In the course of history the Swiss have Friendsip with Switzerland and by the Board
shown tolerance for one another and char- of Directors of the Swiss Center. I should
ity for others. Switzerland in one way is like to thank the co-sponsors for today's
somewhat like New York, for it is a kind of event, the American Society for Friendship
melting pot. It is made up of 73 per cent with Switzerland, and I would wish its Presi-
German-Swiss, 21 per cent French-Swiss, five dent, Mr. T. F. Davies Haines, present here,
per cent Italian-Swiss and one per cent Ro- to convey our thanks to his colleagues.
mansh. This combination of people, speak- And. so today the Star-Spangled banner and
ing different languages, worshiping different the simple standard with its white white
religions, have survived as a nation for ex- cross on a field of red fly together at the
actly 675 years . . . which is longer than Swiss Center symbolizing the friendly ties
the Roman Empire lasted between Caesar and which Switzerland has always enjoyed with
Theodosius. its sister democracy in the New World. It
I could go on and on dispelling the myth* has been a distinct pleasure, and a ' great
and discussing today's story of Switzerland, source of pride to be the first President of
but what could be more symbolic of our The Swiss Center and to participate in these
country, its diverse interests and its contri- historic ceremonies. Thank you.
butions to the world, than the 14 Swiss-
affiliated participants- who made the Swiss
Center a reality. These companies represent
all aspects of the Swiss economic life. They
are: Swiss Bank Corporations; Swiss Air
Transport Company, Limited; Swiss National
Tourist Office; Union Bank of Switzerland;
CIBA Corporation; Geigy Chemical Corpora-
tion; Accident and Casualty Insurance Com-
pany-Winterthur; Sandoz, Inc.; The Nestle
Company; Heberlein Patent Corporation;
Banque Populaire Suisse; Machine Tool
Works Oerlikon; Watchmakers of Switzer-
land; and Ebauches ,SI.A.
.It is clear that there is no Swiss type, and
it is clear that the Swiss have a good case
for presenting their country to the rest of
the world. The Swiss influence has always
been present throughout the world. There
was the Swiss Louts Chevrolet, for whom an
auto was named, Admiral Edward Walter
Eberle, Chief of U.S. Naval Operations--of
course-and Swiss-descended Walter Schirra
who piloted the Gemini spacecraft when the
first rendezvous in space was made. There
are other contemporaries in the Swiss hall of
fame including, architect Le Corbusier, sculp-
tor Gfacometti, painter Hans Erni, and
writers Diirrenmatt and Frisch.
Tom Leach Named Washington
spondent for Chicago's American
EXTENSION OF
OF
HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, on
July 11, Chicago's American carried the
announcement that Mr. Tom Leach has
been named Washington correspondent
for this outstanding Chicago newspaper.
Mr. Leach, who started with Chicago's
American as a copy -boy at the age of 15,
has been with the paper ever since. His
appointment at the age of 28 to this im-
portant post in Washington is a real
tribute to his journalistic abilities,
Today the Swiss Center can assist anyone I want to congratulate Mr. Leach on
seeking information, industrial, financial, his appointment as Washington Corre-
touristic and other documentation. And if spondent -for Chicago's American. He is
the answer they are looking for cannot be a capable and experienced reporter, and
supplied on the premises, The Swiss Center I know he will serve in the best interests
A3797
of our great Chicago community and will
do an outstanding job in keeping our
community informed about events in
Washington.
An informed citizenry, as we all know,
is our best tool for maintaining a strong
democracy.
The article follows:
TOM LEACH OUR NEW WASHINGTON REPORTER
Tom Leach, a staff member of Chicago's
American for 13 years, has been named
Washington correspondent for this news-
paper.
Assigned to the county building for the
last 3 years, Leach has developed friendships
among political leaders, judges, lawyers, and
financial and governmental experts.
Before assuming that post, Leach was a
general assignment reporter, covering news
of leaders at the municipal and state govern-
ment levels.
His appointment to Washington at the age
of 28 is a tribute to Leach's unusual experi-
ence in the 13 years he has been part of the
American's stair. He was only 15 when he
started with the American as a copy boy.
ATTENDED DE PAUL, N. U.
Leach attended Waller High school and
worked as a copy boy at night. After Waller,
he attended De Paul university and later
Northwestern university.
Ten years ago, Thomas Richard Leach was
sent out on his first story as a reporter.
Since then he has covered a variety of stories,
with the greatest emphasis being placed on
governmental affairs.
In announcing Leach's appointment, Luke
P. Carroll, managing editor of Chicago's
American, said:
"The promotion of Tom Leach to this key
post is in line with our policy of promoting
from within. This policy produces stability
and high morale and is one of the reasons
why Chicago's American is now the No. 1
evening paper in this city and the suburbs."
PRAISE FROM BOYLE
Chief Judge John S. Boyle of Circuit court
said of Leach:
"Tom is one of the finest young reporters I
have ever had the pleasure of meeting. He is
alert, ambitious, and completely honest in
his reporting.
"Leach's stories concerning the new judi-
cial article and the new civic center and the
different divisions of the court have been
masterpieces. All of us in the county build-
ing are sorry to see him go, happy as we are
for his advancement."
WED 2 YEARS AGO
In Washington he will have a chance to
renew old friendships with Sen. DOUGLAS,
Sen. DIRKSEN, and the congressmen from this
area. In his new work, Leach will concen-
trate on "behind-the-scenes" stories.
Two years ago, Leach married the former
Miss Lynn Hensley. Their first child, Susan
Lynn Leach, was born July 2 in Columbus
Memorial hospital.
Hopeful Signs in Asia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM T. MURPHY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speak-
er, with no scarcity of crises around the
world, the Wichita Eagle remarks that
positive and successful events often fail
to get the attention they deserve.
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 AY 19,1966
that a great majority of those answering
felt that our nation has a vital interest
in southeast Asia, that our Vietnam in-
tervention was ' justified, and that we
must resist Communist aggression with
force if necessary. These conclusions
p ------------------------------
Consider this a good time to cut losses, cease fig rtmg, an wi raw ou
Pull our troops back to defend the coastal cities and air bases and lot the South Vietnamese do their own fighting---________
Confine our military operations to South Vietnam (do not bomb North Vietnam)__________________________________________
Withdraw all American troops immediately after a peace agreement is signed-----------------------------------------------
Withdraw all American troops only after wo are sure South V ietnam can defend itself and any peace agreement will be kept by
All sections of the Nation, are being
affected and southern California is
among those which is being especially
hard hit.
I have received numerous telegrams
and letters from residents of the district
which I represent and other concerned
persons telling of the hardship the strike
is causing.
The board of directors of the Los An-
geles Chamber of Commerce has issued
a statement about the problem which
I am submitting for the information of
the Congress.
It is vital that action be taken now as
called for by the Los Angeles Chamber
of Commerce and many others in south-
(1)
tom)
ate and informed constituencies in the
Nation. I am certain that the views of
the citizens of Colorado's Second Con-
gressional District will be of particular
interest to this House.
The results of my poll follow:
the Communists ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Withdraw our troops if requested by the Government of South Vietnam____________________________________________________
Keep our troops in South Vietnam. Retain strong military bases in the Far East________________
Permit one government for both South and North Vietnam to be selected in a free supervised election, even if it seemed
probable that the C ommunists would win----------------------------------------------------------
Permit one government for both South and North Vietnam under a"neutral government" guaranteed by the major powers
such as Red Ch na, the Soviet Union, France, Great Britain, and the United States_____________
Beep South Vietnam independent from North Vietnam, but permit the Vietcong to run candidates in free elections-__
_ __ n _..,.v ... _._....,.._ a..~,.... .,..,, _f lnromn?iet. Term of ,.verrnnent euaranteed by the United
1. Do you think the United States should be involved in Vietnam?--------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Have we expanded the war in Vietnam more than was necessary?-------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Do you think it is vital to the United States to save South Vietnam from a Communist takeover?___________________________________
4. Does the United States have a vital interest in the future of southeast Asia?_________________________________________________________
6. Accepting the fact that we are now involved in Vietnam-
(a) Do you think we should further expand our involvement in the war?___________________ -___________-_----------
(b) Should we bomb the industrial cities of North Vietnam, knowing that many civilians will be killed?______________________-_
(c) Should we expand the war by attacking the Vietcong refuge bases and supply routes in Cambodia and Laos7________________
(d) Should we begin a naval blockage of North Vietnam? _________--- ------ -____-_____________________________________________
(e) Do you think the United States should officially declare war on North Vietnam?---------------------------------------------
(f) Would you approve of destroying the agricultural economy of North Vietnam by bombing their dikes and dams and flooding
their crops?------ --------------------------------------------------------
6 Would the following decisions be acceptable to you as part of an effort to end the war:
r
k d Ithd trop s now ----------
O
Approt f@M O(A DCJA MQ1446R000400090009-0 A3799
must be tempered however, by the fact
that recent political disturbances in
Vietnam have created uneasiness and
distress among many people.
Mr. Speaker, I take pride in repre-
senting one of the most educated, liter-
McVicker Vietnam survey compilation
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Expand U.S. participation in the war in an attempt to insure victory_ ____________________72.9
((m) Continue the war at its present level until North Vietnam is defeated, even if it takes years25.7
(n) Use tactical nuclear weapons against the Vietcong__________________________________________________________________________ 34.4
7. Should we bomb strategic targets in Red Chin
(a) Now? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.1
(b) Under no circumstances?____________ 15.1
(c) If Chinese "volunteers" enter the war?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49.7
(d) Only if China officially enters the war7-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26.7
8. Do you believe that if Vietnam falls to communism, then all of southeast Asia eventually will become Communist?_________________ 69.6
9. If we pull out of South Vietnam, do you believe North Vietnam would take over the country?______________________________________ 90.4
10. Do you believe that Red Chinese troops are fighting in South Vietnam?_____________________________________________________________ 49.4
11. Do you think that North Vietnam is-
(a) Controlled by the Soviet Union? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b}) Controlled by Communist China?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c Independent?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Some people believe that if South and North Vietnam were united, even under communism, they would pursue an independent
th f t U Y oslavia has done)-
s u
(
Ch
d
S
78.4
20.0
80.3
87.5
70.9
56.9
70.1
76.7
40.9
11.1
13.3
13.2
16.4
78.2
69.4
03.5
43.7
42: O,
22.8
71.8
31.3
g
ov a nion
a
ina an
a
policy from that of Red
(a) Do you believe this is a reasonable possibility?______. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35.3
(b) Would you prefer this to continued war in South Vietnam?_________________________ 44.8
13. Should we continue the war until we achieve an acceptable result, regardless of the cost?____________________________________________ 76.1
14. Do you believe the United States should press to reassemble the 1954 Geneva Conference as a basis for reaching a Vietnam settlement?- 58.3
15. Do you think the President has made every reasonable effort to bring the Vietnam war to the negotiating table?____________________ 68.5
53. 3
18. Do you think we should turn over the search for a solution to the Vietnam war to the United Nations?-----------------------------
17. Do you think a negotiated peace settlement in Vietnam is possible?_________________________________________________________________ 68.8
defeated and unable to continue to
ilitaril
e
th Vi
t
y
namese ar
m
e
18. Do you think the war will end only when the Vietcong and the Nor
fight? --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
19. Do you think that the war will end only when the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese are convinced that the United States will
continue to fight in support of its Vietnam? ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------
re
lk ld for-
t
t
-
o s, well you p
o peace
20. If the North Vietnamese agree
(a) A cease-fire during the negotiations? (as in Korea)---------------------------------------------------------------------------61.0
(b) Continuing the military pressure during negotiations to prevent a buildup of Communist forces during the peace talks?----- 65.3
(c) To refuse to negotiate until the Communist forces are defeated and driven out of South Vietnam?--------------------------- 25.5
electricity
health
f
d
th Vi
t
h
S
,
,
,
e
nam
oo
-
ou
21. As an incentive to peace negotiations, should the United States offer to share in joint Nort
and water development programs after the war is over? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. If a peace agreement is reached in the near future, do you think meaningful free elections will be possible?
(a) In South Vietnam?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) In North Vietnam? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. Do you feel that our purpose and policy in Vietnam have been adequately explained by our Government?__________________________
24. As you understand President Johnson's present policy in Vietnam, are you in general agreement with that policy?__________________
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, the
airline strike is causing great hardship
to the Nation and a way must be found
to bring it to a close. Action is needed
now for the strike is having serious ef-
fects on hundreds of thousands of people
in many vital areas of our economy.
64.8
18.7
49.1
63.8
Respond-
ing to
question
21.6
99.3
80.0
99.7
19.7
97.6
11.5
97.6
29.1
92.0
43.1
94.3
29.9
93.6
23.3
96.5
69.1
91.6
89. 9
99.0
86.7
97.8
86.8
93. 2
83.6
96.4
21.8
87.1
30.8
04. 0
38.6
90.3
56.3
88.7
58.0
85.9
49.2
88.1
27. 1
94.6
74.3
88.4
66.6
92.1
88.9
88.6
84.9
71.4
60.3
80.8
73.7
86.1
30.4
93.6
9.8
86.2
50.8
83.9
77.4
77.5
28.4
87.1
68.7
73.8
64.7
95.7
55.2
96.4
23.9
97.1
41.7
90.7
31. 5
96.9
46.7
89.2
41.4
92.3
49.0
87.9
34.7
86.8
74.5
83.1
35.2
89.5
81.3
84.6
50.9
98.3
36.2
89.5
ern California and throughout the Na-
tion to bring about an immediate settle-
ment.
I urge all-out effort toward this end by
the President and the Congress.
The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce
urges the President of the United States and
the Members of Congress to use promptly
their best offices to restore full airline service
and to insure a fair and equitable settlement
of the airline strike.
Prolonged negotiations are still in progress
between the International Association of
Machinists and Eastern Air Lines, National
Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Trans World
Airlines and United Air Lines for a labor
contract.
The dispute between the International As-
sociation of Machinists and the five airlines
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 A3800 Approved For Rele ~ / N ~4 ~~ 0044 Q Q0 90009-0 July 19, 1-9566
Involved has grounded 60% of the domestic
airlift In the United States.
On July 27, the Transport Workers Union
will be free to strike American Airlines,
which would shut down 80% of?the nation's
air service, and a month later this Union will
be free to strike Pan American World Air-
ways.
Diversion of the international passengers
normally carried by Northwest Orient Air-
lines and Trans World Airlines to foreign flag
airlines increases the deficit of the United
States international gold payments by $1
million daily.
The daily loss in revenue to the Los An-
geles International Airport in landing, park-
ing and other fees exceeds $10,000.00 during
the current strike.
Continuance of the strike is crippling busi-
ness travel, hotel, convention and resort
business, the movement of perishable farm
products, and is retarding military supply
and military travel. Continuance of the
strike is affecting the entire economy and
commerce of the nation and Southern Cali-
fornia particularly.
Its early termination is imperative. There-
fore, we urgently request immediate action
by the President of the United States and
Members of the Congress.
Mr. Stanley Mace Barrett, Editor of
Havre de Grace Record, Dies
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CLARENCE D. LONG
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker,
on June 21 the distinguished and able
editor of the Havre de Grace Record,
Mr. Stanley Mace Barrett, died at the
Harford Memorial Hospital following a
year of failing health. Although Mr.
Barrett had been ill for the past year, he
remained active in the publishing of the
Record and was at his desk until Thurs-
day preceding his death. In tribute to
its editor, the Record met its regular
Thursday deadline following Mr. Bar-
rett's death, and honored Mr. Barrett
with the following memorial editorial,
which I quote in part:
At a time of deep and personal sadness,
the Record reports the death of its Editor-
one who has guided the policies and editori-
ars of this newspaper for more than forty
years. The name of Stanley M. Barrett is
synonymous with the very best traditions of
the Fourth Estate in Havre de Grace and in
Harford county.
To such a one as Stanley Barrett there was
no call for retreat because of the burden of
failing health. His newspaper was so much
a part of his life that he gave all of the
strength that was in him for. as long as that
strength lasted and that was until the very
end.
Having attained the three score and ten
years allotted man and adding nearly four
more to that span, Mr. Barrett had, in his
time, served his country in war and in peace,
both in the Army and in civilian life. His
memberships in many civic and service or-
ganizations attest to the interest he held in
public affairs.
Stanley Barrett was one to welcome the
newcomer to the City's life and to give help
and encouragement to all. One thing is
certain, he was deeply and sincerely con-
cerned with the welfare and best interests of
his native home.
There was always something of the nos-
talgic within him and he took particular
pleasure in reminiscing with old friends who
stopped by the office for a chat. More often
than not the talk would turn to baseball as
it was played in the good old days or time
spent at the American Can Company as a
youth or just plain swimming in thetSusque-
hanna on hot, sultry days.
He (Mr. Barrett) liked nothing better than
to be in the middle of a lively political fray.
But he was a quiet and gentle man, with the
talent for writing about the important is-
sues and encouraging those who sought elec-
tive office.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 18, 1966
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, in
testimony before a Special Armed Serv-
ices Subcommittee, Brig. Gen. James D.
Hittle, U.S. Marine Corps, retired, the
director of national security and foreign
affairs for the Veterans of Foreign Wars,
has proposed that the Government pay
the air transportation for servicemen on
emergency leave, convalescent leave, and
leave before going overseas and on re-
turning from overseas.
Noting that in view of the fact that
Job Corps trainees were paid Christmas
leave expenses last year, General Hittle
tellingly asserted that similar assistance
can hardly be justifiably denied our fight-
ing men. The State Journal, of Lansing,
Mich., has found this latter proposal to
be of merit and in an editorial on Thurs-
day, June 16, entitled "Leave Aid for GI's
Should Be Provided" recommends its
passage into law.
I include this statement in the RECORD
as it is deserving of the attention of my
colleagues:
LEAVE AID FOR GI's SHOULD BE PROVIDED
We agree with the retired Marine general
who said in an appearance before a congres-
sional committee this week that if the gov-
ernment could foot the bill for leave ex-
penses for Job Corps trainees it should do
the same for members of the nation's armed
services.
Brig. Gen. James D. Hittle, a former resi-
dent of East Lansing who is now an official
of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, proposed
that the government pay for air transporta-
tion for servicemen on emergency leave, con-
valescent leaves and leaves before going
overseas or on returning from overseas.
Hittle made his proposal while testiflying
at the opening of hearings by a House Armed
Services subcommittee into the availability
of commercial air transportaiton for military
personnel on authorized leave.
He told the committee the V.F.W. was not
condemning or approving the decision that
paid leave expenses be granted last Christ-
mas to 14,000 Job Corps trainees,
But he said, "Whatever may be the justi-
fication for the Job Corps, those in the Job
Corps are by no stretch of the imagination
serving their country as well or at such cost
of life and limb as those who wear the uni-
form of the U.S. fighting man."
An important point for congressmen to
consider in connection with Gen. Hiller's
testimony is that members of the military
services are at their present posts because
their government has ordered them there
and these include the thousands who are
engaged in active combat in Viet Nam.
When the G.I.'s are on authorized leaves
for the purposes listed by Kittle, we share his
view that they should not be forced to use
their own financial resources for transpor-
tation to and from their homes. We think
this should be the case even though similar
treatment were not accorded those in civil-
ian roles in government programs.
No one is deserving of better treatment at
the hands of their country than its military
servicemen.
A government which spends billions on
space and Great Society programs certainly
should not object to the spending that would
be necessary to put Gen. Hittle's proposal
into effect.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I wish to in-
sert into the RECORD the text of a state-
ment I submitted today to the House
Committee on Veterans' Affairs on my
bill H.R. 10557. The committee is cur-
rently holding hearings on :legislation
dealing with veterans' pensions.
My statement is as follows:
STATEMETJ.T BY CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM L. ST.
ONCE TO THE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AF-
FAIRS, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, JULY
19, 1966
Mr. Chairman and distinguished members
of the Committee, I want to thank you for
this opportunity to present my views on the
bill now under consideration before your
Committee, H.R. 10557, which seeks to amend
title 38 of the United States Code to pro-
tect any veteran against a loss of pension as
a result of enactment of the Social Security
Amendments of 1965. As sponsor of this
measure, I wish to express my deep grati-
tude to all of you for scheduling these
hearing:.
The enactment of the Social Security
Amendments of 1965 increased Social Secu-
rity benefits by 7%. In the case of veterans
who were receiving pensions, this increase
was treated as an addition to their "income"
by the Veterans' Administration for purposes
of determining what pension would be paid.
This increase in "income" has brought many
veterans (an estimated 30,000) over the al-
lowable income limit, at which point their
pensions are either decreased or discontinued
altogether. Each of the 30,000 veterans lost
considerably more than they gained by the
increases in Social Security benefits.
Just to give one among many examples in
my district, I cite the following: A World
War I veteran, who had previously received
a pension of $105 a month, ended up with a
net loss of $300 a year when his income was
raised to over $1,000 by an increase in' his
Social Security benefits which amounted to
$84 a year. Because of the small Increase in
Social Security benefits his pension was de-
creased by $25 a month. In a case such as
this, common to many veterans, a $300 cut
in a yearly income of barely $2,000 could
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But what, ask the Republicans, if the for- the fulfillment of our own national objet- escalation of the level of it; and it is bound
eign policy presentation is not accurate; tives." , to have killed a number of civilians.
what if its analysis of potential threats is McNamara's policies, the group charges, Each new act of war, by either side, is
Incorrect? amount to a "reactive" approach instead of something most people would prefer not to
"The defense structure of any nation," an "initiative" one. have happened. But for all that it was pre-
the GOP group declared, "is determined by "We believe that the strategy of response mature of Mr. Wilson to dissociate himself
that nation's foreign policy. The secretary both with regard to crisis situations and with from the American action before he was in a
of defense has said that the development of respect to weapons development should give position to judge its effects. Other people
our defense structure should be guided by way to a strategy of initiative. We would will prefer to wait for the results and then
U.S. foreign policy. define a 'strategy of response' as one in which make up their minds on the basis of Mr.
Amer-
thel
"With this principle there is no disagree- sthis erioustthatitrmust take extraordinary steps icanoposition isupport for n Vietnam. the It general
ment. Ameri-
"Yet we do disagree with much that is even to return to the status-quo, and a cans who have offered to talk without con-
being done in the defense establishment 'strategy of initiative' as one in which this ditions. It is the North Vietnamese who
today especially in those areas that directly nation when it first sees the possibility of a have refused to talk. [The extension of
affect our present ability (Vietnam) and our situation developing will take steps to pre- the] bombing will probably not shift the
long-range policy to deter potential vent its becoming a crisis situation either leaders of North Vietnam out of this refusal
aggressors. with respect to potential conflicts or to new any more than the original decision to start
"It follows, then, that our basic disagree- advances in weapons development." bombing the north 16 months ago did. So
ments derive in part from basic foreign policy "Mr. McNamara," the report says at one it does not serve a political purpose. But it
assumptions of the current administration point, "has committed himself and the' may serve a military purpose; and it is
and in part from the assumptions the secre- United States as well to an essentially de- against this test that it will be judged....
tary of defense uses to justify his force fensive and reactive philosophy." The military argument for a strike against
structure projections." This philosophy, according to the Repub- North Vietnam's oil storage tanks is that
licans, may encourage China, the greater transport down the Ho Chi Minh trail has
.
Strorong U.S. moves in the Atlantic Alli- fore dependent on oil. A diminution of traffic
The Republicans suggest that several 4111C
changes have been made in foreign policy ance as well as maintenance of nuclear forces along the trail would be a considerable help
assumptions since the Democrats took over there, the report says, apparently have con- to the American and South Vietnamese
in 1961. vinced Russia that military moves against troops fighting in the south. Since the tanks
These, the GOP group says, include: _ Western Europe are not worth the risks. in Hanoi and Haiphong are some way from
1-A changed U.S. attitude toward the "The same situation does not pertain in the urban area (on the other side of the Red
cold war which has resulted in a different the Far East " the report says. river, in Hanoi's case) it should have been
assessment of both the current and future "Piecemeal response" by the United States possible, by accurate bombing and the risk
threat to the United States. in Vietnam has only encouraged China, the of heavier America:: casualties that this
2-Because of this altered attitude, there GOP study suggests. entails, to keep down the loss of civilian life.
has been a corresponding change of view Continued Chinese success, without U.S. This is the double test. If events show
about the desirability or necessity of pur- retaliation, may even encourage the So- that the operation has cut the flow of sup-
suing advanced weapons development as viet Union in supporting similar wars of plies to the south, and if photographs show
vigorously as possible (and by implication, national liberation, in the GOP logic. that the bombing was reasonably accurate,
as vigorously as did the preceding Republican "In such a circumstance, American de- there will be no cause for dissociation ex-the of which atren, still oming in deoplopmonal fense policymakers must ask themselves cept on the part of those who would not
u which are still coming ugu operauodr whether American conventional (i.e., non- mind a communist victory in Vietnam. If
use while few weapons inaugurated under nuclear) forces, no matter how mobile and those two tests are met, the Americans will
yet seeing useic post-1961 administration are how large, will in the end be sufficient to have been following exactly the same re-
yet seeing use). meet the variety of threats the Soviet and strained and relatively humane bombing
S-Also bcold of h the changed as shift t Chinese Communists doctrine of 'wars of policy as they followed in the second world
Iard the cold war, there has been a sh national liberation' can create,' " the report war-when the British were burning cities.
in wn decisions on which defense planning declares. The new American strike is unlikely to
should receive priority. . From the philosophical basis, the Repub- have much effect on the international as-
ASSUMPTION HIT lican group proceeds to criticize McNamara pects of the struggle in Vietnam. The Chi-
Democratic defense policy, the GOP group decisions on specific defens programs. ness will protest, and they may use the oc-
says, results from an assumption that there casion to offer anti-aircraft units for the
has been a reduction in tension between the defence of Hanoi and Haiphong. But China
free world and the Communists, except for still probably wants to avoid a direct con-
frontation with the United States. The
China. H] n H Ip ong North Vietnamese leaders are no more
This assumed reduction, the GOP charges, anxious than before to have a Chinese mili-
is based on two other assumptions about tart' presence around their capital; they
the Communists-that nuclear war is as un- EXTENSION OF REMARKS would probably prefer some more Russian
thinkable to them re to wus; orld has that the been eased threat OF D missiles. Nor is it likely-so long as the new
from them to the free worl HON. N. NEIMAN CRALEY, JR. bombing does not amount to obliteration
and that a U.S. ethe to maintain decft tactics a la Bomber Command-that it will
rive superiority y ovvererthe Communists might OF PENNSYLVANIA be the straw that breaks the back of co-
reverse this process. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES existence between Russia and America.
McNamara's policy, according to the R The Russians honestly detest what the
publicans, has been to keep U.S. defense Thursday, June 30, 1966 Americans are doing in Vietnam. But their
strong enough to meet visible Communist
threats in the realm of potential Communist Mr. CRALEY. Mr. Speaker, the relations with the United States are built on
nuclear war and large enough to exert "crisis Christian Science Monitor printed an a hard sub-stratum of self-interest that is
control" in nonnuclear-war areas such as article from the Economist, published in unlikely to be eroded by anything less than
Vietnam. London, concerning the recent decision the prospect of seeing a fellow communist
The GOP study suggests that the assump- state pass under non-communist control.
to bomb the oil tanks near Hanoi and The Americans have no designs on North
tion that U.S. efforts to push advanced and Haiphong. The article is an excellent Vietnam. Their maximum aim is to pre-
pould rest'ult do Ince sing tensions has stul- summary of opinion from another part serve the independence of South Vietnam.
would result production n o of s of the world as well as a full account of The action against Hanoi and Haiphong
rifled as in andde prod weapons
such as antiballistic missile missiles, new the ramifications of this bombing, the came after long deliberation. Even on [the
manned interceptors and advanced manned effects upon China and Russia, the re- eve of the bombing] the State Department
bombers. sponse we can expect from each of these said no decision had been taken. It now
McNamara's effort to hold down defense nations. I should like to Include this remains to be seen whether it can produce
costs leads him to push defenses, the study article in the RECORD as I believe it a the results expected from it in shortening
indicates, only against visible threats-those the war. If it does, then it will have been
known to exist or solidly reported by intelli- valuable and informative commentary on worth while. Mr. Wilson's statement put the
gence sources as existing or potentially ex- these aspects of our military actions in action in perspective. If there really is a
isting. Vietnam: difference between the British and Ameri-
But, the studies ask, what if not all the HANOI, HAIPHONG can governments over this question it is a
threats are visible? Most people in Britain will regret that the tactical difference. No more than when Mr.
"We believe that our military force struc- United States has found it necessary to bomb Attlee flew to Washi-Zgton during the Ko-
ture," the GOP study says, "should not be the oil tanks on the fringes of Hanoi and rean war does it mean dissociation on Brit-
related to the 'visible' threat but rather to Haiphong. It is a geographical extension of ain's part from the objectives of American
the capabilities of the Communists and to the war, though not in any real sense an policy.-The Economist (London)
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A3806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Captive Nations Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, this
week marks the eighth annual observ-
ance of Captive Nations Week by the
American people. It is a week dedicated
to note the yearning for freedom and
independence in the hearts of the peo-
ples of Eastern Europe.
The bonds which unite us with these
people are strong. But it is difficult for
us in these United States to comprehend
fully what It means to live without the
basic freedoms that are so much an inte-
gral part of our way of life-freedom of
speech, freedom of the press, freedom of
assembly, freedom to worship as one
pleases.
But I am convinced that the desire of
man to be free will ultimately prove more
powerful than brute force.
Ireland gives the world an example of
a country that for 800 years never relin-
quished her zeal and determination to be
free and independent. As a boy I well
remember the many tales told to me by
my late grandfather Charles McCarthy,
a native of County Cork, Ireland, of those
eight centuries of oppression. Although
denied their religion, their language,
their customs, their rights, these coura-
geous people never lost the love of free-
dom of independence that their tenacity
and determination finally won for them.
Freedom, indeed, is the wave of the
future.
The peoples of Eastern Europe have
not lost their spirit or yearning for free-
dom. In East Germany in 1953 and in
Poland and Hungary in 1956, these
courageous people dramatically showed
the world their valiant determination to
live under governments responsive to
their needs and wishes.
And even more recently, we have
learned of Rumania's attempts to intro-
duce some flexibility in the tightly con-
trolled eastern bloc and Warsaw Pact.
In many of the other satellite states
including Poland, Yugoslavia, Czecho-
slovakia, Bulgaria, and East Germany
one can find signs of a deep yearning
for peace, freedom and independence.
Just this week we learned of sharp
differences between the Soviet Union and
its satellites over fuel and raw materials.
The Eastern European countries are con-
vinced that the Soviet Union is charging
them excessive prices for these goods.
The Soviet Union has taken cognizance
of this situation, and Soviet economist
1. Dudinsky has even broadly suggested
that the Eastern European countries
would do well to begin looking toward
Asia, Africa, and Latin America for much
of their future increased raw material
and fuel needs.
Czechoslovakia recently expressed its
belief that it pays almost twice as much
for Soviet oil as does Italy.
Some observers believe that this
squabbling could forecast the eventual
end of the Communist economic bloc and
perhaps even the dissolution of the
Comecon.
Western sellers of raw materials and
fuel may have new opportunities for sales
to Eastern European countries on a scale
'never before considered possible.
There are many other indications that
the United States and the other Western
nations can assist the movement toward
independence in the Eastern European
countries by increased trade, cultural ex-
changes, tourism and moral encourage-
ment. These, in my view, are the best
ways for us to encourage the freedom and
independence of the present Soviet
satellites.
Knowledge Is To Use
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANIEL J. RONAN
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 18, 1966
Mr. RONAN. Mr. Speaker, the Chi-
cago Daily News finds good reasons for
public support of President Johnson's
call for a reexamination of priorities in
medical research.
In instructing the Government's top
medical men to conduct such a study,
the newspaper says, the President was
merely calling attention to the need
for balance beween discovery and appli-
cation in the science of life and health.
The President made this statement:
We must make sure that no life-giving
discovery is locked up in our laboratory.
For this he may be assailed as anti-
intellectual or unscientific, the News
says in an editorial. But it contends
the American people who foot the multi-
billion-dollar research and development
bills are not likely to find him at fault.
My colleagues may want to read the
entire editorial, so I include it in the
RECORD :
[From the Chicago Daily News, July 2, 19661
KNOWLEDGE Is To USE
The President has instructed the govern-
ment's top medical men to re-examine their
priorities to determine whether too much
energy is being spent on basic research and
not enough on translating laboratory find-
ings into tangible benefits for the American
people.
The President was merely calling attention
to the need for a sensible balance between
discovery and application in the sciences
of life and health. The disinterested quest
for knowledge is one of the wellsprings of
science and it can be muddied by short-
sighted grubbing for immediate returns.
But another wellspring of knowledge is the
desire to put it to use and it can get clogged
if not enough work is done to process and
apply the new knowledge that accumulates
at a compounding rate.
"Knowledge is power," Francis Bacon said.
But knowledge and power do not exist in the
abstract. Knowledge is what individuals
know and power is what individuals and
groups are able to' employ. Is something
"known" if it merely exists somewhere in a
file and not in the ward or operating room
or outpatient clinic where it its needed?
"We must make sure that no life-giving
discovery is locked up in our laboratory,"
July 19, 1966
the President said. For this he may be as-
sailed as being "anti-intellectual" or "un-
scientific" but the American people, who
foot the 816 billion research and develop-
ment bills, are not likely to find him at fault.
Things Are Looking Up
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BOB CASEY
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 19, 1966
Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, the Hous-
ton Chronicle has surveyed the current
world situation and found things are
looking up almost everywhere.
And why?
The big answer to that question is the
strong action this country is taking in Viet-
nam-
The newspaper says.
If the United States had not acted, the
Chronicle contends, the Vietcong and
North Vietnamese would have conquered
the whole country. Laos would be un-
der Red control. Cambodia would be a
full-fledged vassal of Red China. Thai-
land would be under immediate threat, if
not seriously infiltrated. India and
Pakistan would be quaking in their boots.
Indonesia might be under Red rule, and
Malaysia conquered.
In this hemisphere, the newspaper
credits our move in the Dominican Re-
public last year with an apparent abate-
ment of the Communist threat.
There are still trouble spots, of course.
But as the newspaper says in an edi-
torial which I offer for the RECORD, they
represent less danger than a few months
or a year ago:
[From the Houston (Tex.) Chronicle, July 8.
1966]
THINGS ARE LOOKING UP
As one surveys the current world situation
he cannot fail to note that things are look-
ing up for the free world almost everywhere.
The capacity of the communist giants, the
Soviet Union and Red China, to stir up
trouble obviously has decreased due to seri-
ous internal problems and the strain upon
their economies imposed by foreign expendi-
tures.
The forces of freedom are making sig-
nificant gains in the Viet Nam war.
While France has withdrawn from NATO,
the other members are in a mood to solidify
the alliance. And France no doubt would
side with the West in a showdown, in or out
of NATO.
Why are things looking better? The big
answer to that question is the strong action
this country is taking in Viet Nam. If
anyone doubts that, let him consider what
would have happened if the United States
had not vastly increased its forces there and
shifted from its advisory role to active prose-
cution of the war in partnership with the
South Vietnamese.
By now, no doubt, the Viet Cong terrorists
and the North Vietnamese invaders would
have conquered the whole country. Laos
also would be completely under Red control.
Cambodia would be a full-fledged vassal of
Red China if not entirely occupied by com-
munist troops.
Thailand would be immediately threat-
ened by now, if not seriously infiltrated.
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July 9, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 15489
marks and to include pertinent addi- is rigging the Sizable elgroups ection
among the this
elec-
The material. suit. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to torate claim that they intend to boycott
the request of the gen eman from the election because they distrust the
Texas? authorities controlling the selection of
There was no objection. candidates.
th
ELECTION O A TIONAL CON-
STITUENT S BLY IN SOUTH
VIETNAM
(Mr. VIVIAN asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. VIVIAN. Mr. Speaker, the South
Vietnamese Government has announced
that elections will be held throughout
South Vietnam on September 11 for the
purpose of electing a national constit-
uent assembly. Regulations governing
the election were promulgated by the
present South Vietnamese Government
on June 19. All of us in this House, and
our constituents, desire that these elec-
tions be fairly and freely conducted, and
that the delegates elected fully, freely,
and wisely exercise the authority con-
veyed to them by their people. However,
Mr. Speaker, disquieting reports, from a
variety of sources, aver that the noxMi-
nations of candidates in this election
may have been, or are being, perverted
to the point that the election may be
meaningless.
Mr. Speaker, these elections are of
enormous significance to every citizen
of the United States, as well as to every
Vietnamese citizen.
First. The elections have the potential
of offering the Vietnamese people a first
chance to express their will as to the role
of the Amcriacn Government, in South
Vietnam.
Second. The elections, if honest, will
represent a positive, specific benefit
which the presence of our forces has
made possible for the Vietnamese people.
Mr. Speaker, I have supported our
actions in Vietnam for many, many
months. I have supported the President
out of a sense of responsibility to the
interests of our Nation, and what I have
th
h
S
election, a copy of which I shall append
to the end of my remarks, the date for
candidates to file has already passed.
Under the electoral procedures, the
names of any of these candidates may
be struck from the list in the next 2
weeks, by action of the current South
Vietnamese Government. It is essential,
Mr. Speaker, that this Congress, as well
as members of the press, and officials of
our administration, be fully and inti-
mately informed of the events which take
place in these next few weeks.
Mr. Speaker, all too often in the past,
in Asia, efforts to enhance the tradition
of democracy have been stifled by in-
tolerable manipulation of the procedures
of elections. It would be tragic if our
commitment of lives and material
wealth in Vietnam were wasted be-
cause of lack of attention by the U.S.
Congress.
Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con-
sent I insert at this point in the RECORD
several articles pertinent to this subject:
CHRONOLOGY OF ELECTORAL AND
CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESSES
(Article 4) December 31, 1965: All elec-
tors must be 18 years old by this date in
order to vote.
(Article 1) April 14, 1966: Decree law
14/66 provided for the election of deputies
to the National Constituent Assembly.
(Article 10) June 25, 1966: Deadline for
appeal to Council for permission to run for
office if person was sentenced for criminal or
light offences of political character or for
political reason before November 1, 1963.
(Article 5) July 8, 1966: Electors who have
changed their residence and wish to vote in
a new electoral district should make declara-
tion to local authorities by this date.
(Article 12) July 11, 1966: Applications
for candidature should be submitted to city,
municipality or provincial office by this date.
(Article 13) July 14, 1966:? The list of
candidates will be posted at administrative
offices on this date.
(Article 14) July 15-18, 1966: Candidates
and electors may file complaints on candi-
dates' qualifications at Saigon city, munici-
pality or province administrative office.
(Article 5) July 18, 1966: The list of elec-
tors will be posted in Saigon, municipalities
and provinces.
(Article 14) July 19, 1966: List of candi-
dates and complaints will be sent to the
Council stipulated in Article 15 for exami-
nation and decision.
(Article 16) July 20-22, 1966: Council
stipulated in Article 15 will examine names
and decide to inscribe or strike names from
list.
(Article 16) July 22, 1966: The Council
will call a meeting of the candidates and
announce the inscription or the refusal to
inscribe candidates' names on the candidate
list.
(Article 16) July 25, 1966: The local admin-
istration and candidates must send com-
plaints to the Council by the end of this day.
(Article 16) July 28 (187), 1966: Council
will transmit to the Central Council a list
of approved candidates and files of candi-
dates subjected to complaints and complaints
received.
e
seen to be the interests ,of t
ou population. It would be tragic if the
Vietnamese People. However, it will be American public were deluded by rigged
most difficult for me to continue this sup- elections into demanding further com-
perp are e if I find being that the cruelly South deprived, ved, byy mitments. Similarly, it would be tragic
their current Government, cof this crucial if, because they had been influenced by
opportunity efforts to doubt the elec-
South for self-expression. The tions, the American people were to dis-
an people, who opportunity y have to o b b ee count the results of valid elections.
fered much, , deserve Vietnamese
fered mu dese
heard. situation could present grave
.
However, in the past few days, reports problems for our Government.
have reached me from Vietnamese citi- Mr. Speaker, I am distressed that
zens protesting that the present military neither` the American press nor most
government is pushing its trusted mili- Members of this Congress appear to be
tary officers into the election slates, and well informed concerning the events tak-
4.,.. -1- T nalr tharafnrp Mr Sneaker.
prevent those who disagree with the m- theme House direct its attention to this ing all voter qualifications and not appear-
rectorate from becoming candidates. subject, and hold hearings, preferably ing on.the voter lists must file complaints
Correspondents write that the military
government intends to turn the election public, here and possibly in Vietnam, with city, town or provincial administrative Into a show of strength for its policies both to manifest its concern and to in- offices by this date.
(Article 7) August 7, 1966: Mayors or chiefs
rather than a test of its acceptance. form the public of the events. taking of province must dispatch complaints and
Members of the British Parliament with place. voters lists to committee stipulated in Arti-
whom I have met tell me that they have Mr. Speaker, this subject is one on cle 15.
learned that the present military gov- which we should not delay action. Ac- (Article 17) August 7, 1966: Deadline for
ernment intends to remain in office and cording to the official schedule for the Central Council to complete study of com-
e regu a
As those who nave read
tions promulgated for the election are
aware, the regulations themselves clearly
specify that all funds and communica-
tion facilities permitted to be used dur-
ing the campaign must be financed only
by the Government. Campaign con-
tributions apparently are prohibited.
Furthermore, only 22 days were given be-
tween the day the election regulations
were issued, until the closing date for
filing. This is an exceedingly short pe-
riod of time in a nation of slow com-
munications. It would be a short period
of time even in this country.
The preceding observations are, to say
the least, disquieting. However, not all
the comments which I have received on
the election have been unfavorable. One
member of the press, very recently re-
turned from Vietnam, today stated to me
that, despite the harsh criticisms being
heard, he expected the election to be far
more meaningful than many persons
seem to believe. He has talked with
various Vietnamese who intended to be-
come candidates, and is convinced that
quite a number of individuals will run
who have the respect of the public, yet
who are not identified with the current
military directorate, and further, that
these individuals have confidence that
they can be elected. Representatives of
the Department of State with whom I
have spoken indicate that they are rea-
sonably satisfied with election proce-
dures, and expect that the election will be
a free election. The Vietnamese Gov-
'ernment has asked United Nations ob-
servers to report on the conduct of the
election. Thus, expressions of both ap-
prehension and confidence can be found.
Mr. Speaker, I believe it essential that
we in the Congress, and the constituents
we represent, have a clear view of the
events taking place in Vietnam these
next few weeks. We must know whether
or not these elections allow the expres-
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July 19, 1966
plaints about candidates and return to con- Nguyen Cao Ky and the other military lead- SURGE OF CANDIDATES
cerned administrative officials, the list of can, ers who dominate the junta, although as With the filing didates It has .approved, candidates they are required to go on leave date Past, two things are
(Article 17) August 12, 1966: Second post- of absence from military service. clear about the elections. no of In
lug of list of candidates for all constituencies, Air Vice Marshal Ky has said he hopes the First, there i0 people r candidates. 16
(Article 19) August 13, 1986: Candidates assembly will pave the way for national elec- Saigon, some se0 people are running for 16
and candidate lists must inform local au- tions that will produce a government with a seats in the assembly. These include several
thorities about the name and addresses of democratic base "like in the United States." nembers of the Saigon City Council. In with their representatives, if any, by this date. The military took over power last summer nearby Gt Dinh Province28 , sand only two
(Article
(Article 20 August seats
ludi g r. stake, there are Dan, andidates, in-
will convene rstbmeeti~ ~oflElauthor- ection from a civilian Government that failed. eluding Dr. Phan Quang Dawho some o-
Marshal Ky has declared, "I don't want servers think might someday become premier
Campaign Committee. power." But observers think he would like to or
(Article 7) August 20, 1966: Administra- keep it. president in e honest, efiled. elec-
tive authorities will post lists of voters for Information about candidacies throughout tion. Some women also have filed,
second time. the country was still being compiled, four Second, there awi in the rural provinces,
(Article 27) August 26, 1966; Earliest date days after the filing deadline, In a beige it appears dera will be a large number oe
that campaign may begin. stucco Government building heavily guarded practice actnn last year's his is a ale tithe
(Article 30) September 8, 1966: The loca- Y guarderacticy ce In last yeprovincial ectons,
against Vietcong attack. when military candidates were barred.
tion of the polling places will be announced The new Minister of Justice, Tran Minh This tendency for the military to thrust
by mayors and chiefs of province. Tiet, said he had no evidence that the Viet-
politics. is a major Irritants ha to the
(Article 27) September 10, 1966: Campaign cong would try to disturb the elections, Quynh itself into group. p. F Q uynh
will end at 12:00 noon. which are scheduled for Sept. 11. from reliable sources that the says local g hag heard
(Article 2) September 11, 1966 (Sunday) : "But I assume that they will try to disrupt one given overns
The election of deputies to the National them," he said. "Their policy Is to keep that in one province
y candidates as been are gwin the
Constituent Assembly. P hat ore military canato win the
over helps are people.r election there.
(Article 48) September 14, 1966: Com- He has benPresid anything that
g preparations for As a result, the dissidents' communique
plaints should be submitted to the courts the political campaign, about 720 candi- states that they will:
by this date. The concerned court may dates-roughly 170 running alone and the 1. Reject and boycott the coming election
only make a judgment and announce its rest grouped into about 160 slates-have of the constituent assembly.
verdict no earlier than one day and no registered for assembly seats that are up for 2. Demand the immediate formation of a
later than 10 days after election day. election. Nine seats are reserved for hill
(Article 48) September 14, 1966: Com- tribesmen who are to be chosen by tradi- Provincial civilian government .. to take
plaints made on good grounds must be sub- tional tribal processes, charge of the election. ,
nutted to office of local council stipulated by the Government. presumably overseen GOVERNMENT CRITICIZED
In Article 15 no later than this date. Aides to Mr. Tiet said almost none of the 3. Appeal to the people and the Army to
(Article 46) September 15, 1966: The local country's traditional parties had entered offs- stand united ... to defeat the Commu-
council stipulated in Article 15 will examine cial candidates in the campaign, which opens mists. .
irregularities and announce tea, official re- formally Aug, 26. Their communique argued:
sult on this day. "In the present ideological war between
(Following Articles taken from Consti- [From the Christian Science Monitor, July nationalists and Communists, the prime con-
tuent Assembly Law:) + 15, 1966 dition of victory ... Is to win the support
(Article 8) September 26, 1966: The chair- VIETNAM ELECTION EVOKES FLOOD OF CANDI_ of the people. . .. After a year in power, the
man of the National Leadership Committee present military government has succeeded
will convene the first plenary session of the DATES, RISING PROTEST in establishing a dictatorial rule, playing one
National Assembly no later than September (By John Dillin) party against another ... but it has utterly
26. SAIGON.-Despite loud protests from dissi- failed in winning the support of the people,
(Article 16) March 26, 1967: The consti- dent elements, South Vietnam Is beginning especially that of the Buddhists and in
tution must be approved by the National a quick countdown toward the Sept. 11 elec- central Vietnam."
Assembly by this date. tions for a national assembly. In addition, they charge that election laws
(Article 19) April 1, 1967: The draft con- The final, extended deadline for candi- are full of flaws, Among examples cited in
stitutlon will be transmitted to the chairman dates to file rolled by here on July 13. The a 2,400-word study are:
of the National Leadership Committee for latest word was that more thap :1,000 candi- CONTROL QUESTIONED
promulgation no later than April 1. dates have entered their names in the rov-
(Article 20) May 1, 1967: The chairman inces and several major cities. top priority for y for discussion government by the y thc must get
of the National Leadership Committee will onstof ex-
The 117-man assembly will charged assembly-a provision dubbed e way of
ex-
promulgate the constitution by this date. with the task of writing this country's basic ercising pressure on members of the
he
(Article 22) November 1, 1967: No later constitution. It will have six months to do assembly."
than November 1, 1967 the National Leader- the job,
ship Committee is responsible for establish-
However, The l can ew of the National Leadership rite
any ing the national institutions decided on by of religious and d political unrest p is In the the wind. A number onnw can the assembly part of the and his
the constitution. groups have brand- tion which the proposes, and his
_ ed the coming elections a fraud and have changes are final unless two-thirds of the
FIFTY MILITARY MEN SEEK ELECTION TO SOUTH announced they will boycott them. assembly votes to override him. The study
VIETNAMESE ASSEMBLY The dissidents dub themselves the All- notes that this means one-third plus one
(By A Eric Pace) Religion Citizens Group and Political Orga- can defeat the will of a clear majority-"a
N
nization. The group is headed by the Rev. gross malpractice."
SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM, July 16.-Incorn- Hoang Quynh, rebellious leader of many of The foregoing provisions and others make
plete data indicate that about 50 South Viet- the 800,000 Roman Catholic refugees from the assembly little more than a "drafting
namese military officers have filed for election the Communist north. committee."
to this fall's constitutent assembly, Govern- GAPS IN OPPOSITION The .electoral laws were published in the
ment officials reported today. country's official journal on June 28, and lee
They said most of the officers were entered It is difficult judge the includes sup- leased to the public June 30. This, the
In constituencies where they stood a good port for the he dissidents. It lud
tha the mill- study udy says, left only 12 days to qualify for
chance of being elected-and thereby of pro- font wing of the Buddhist st Institute, ele- the elections, which is not enough." (The
viding Saigon's military Government with ments of the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao faiths, regime later extended the filing date to July
powerful support in the assembly, which is some Protestants, some Southern Buddhists, 13, however, and allowed candidates until
to frame a new constitution for South Viet- and a scattering of political and labor prow- July 17 to- complete the necessary docu-
nam, nizations. netts.)
Under the rules laid down for the asses- But some important groups are absent SUPPORT APPEARS
bly, the ruling junta camend the con- from the list. Moderate elements of the No mention is made of lifting press censor-
ti the that tJunta can a assembly dthe Buddhist Institute under Thich'Cam Chau, ship, of freedom of assembly, freedom of
s t overruled the h two-thirds draws
the 117 dell- for example, have not joined the boycott. speech, or security for candidates who criti-
gates
It is Nor has the powerful Roman Catholic bloc, cize the government.
Thus the junta would need tsupport of even though some of Its members attended But the major objection, the study says, is
only s dto make sure the any support amend- earlier meetings of Fr. Quynh's group. that the assembly is to be a "worthless In-
only delegates el put through. Following a press conference at which the stitution." In that sentence the group has e Any offreers elected as delegates are ex- dissidents listed their grievances, observers expressed a widespread disappointment here
pected to respect the wishes a Pre ex- estimated that they might influence up to that the assembly Is to have no real govern-
of , 20 percent of the country's voters. But that ing power.
tN
a
" The following dates are maximum,
e mere speculation. One leading Saigon However, despite these drawbacks--some
editor said; "I'm confused myself." of which are conceded by the government-
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Jury-19, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
the elections are drawing support from in-
fluential citizens. Dr. Dang Van Sung, for
example, the influential publisher of Chinh
Luan, says the Buddhists and others are
showing a negative attitude by boycotting
the election.
A spokesman for the Catholics said they
are leaving it up to individuals to decide
whether to run. - But at the same time, the
church is conducting regular classes for its
parishioners on the methods of voting.
The spokesman said he expected the elec-
tionsto be quite free, especially in city areas.
NATIONAL VOTER REGISTRATION
WEEK
(Mr. SCHISLER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute; to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. SCHISLER. Mr. Speaker, Amer-
icans, of all people in the world, should
not have to be reminded that democracy
Imposes heavy responsibilities on each
citizen. We must face, however, the
hard fact that less than 65 percent of
voting-age American citizens have voted
in past general elections. The actual
percentage of voting citizens is more like
50 to 52 percent. My 65-percent figure
is an estimate allowing for those dis-
qualified for various reasons.
Whichever figure, we use, we must be
appalled at the low voter turnouts in a
country which is looked upon by peo-
ples of the world as the most perfect
democracy. In looking for the reasons,
we must attribute some of this voter
-inactivity to insufficient leadership on
the part of elected officials in stimulat-
ing civic awareness.
Today I am introducing two resolu-
tions to encourage larger voter turnouts.
One of these is a resolution to proclaim
the first week in September of each year
"National Voter Registration Week."
In most States, registration is a pre-
requisite to voting; yet, there has been
no nationwide effort to encourage reg-
istration. My resolution would focus at-
tention on voter registration and en-
courage the exercise of our greatest civic
responsibility. It would encourage em-
ployers to observe National Voter Regis-
tration Week by making necessary ar-
rangements for their employees to reg-
ister to vote.
The second 'resolution I am introduc-
ing, like those introduced by several of
my colleagues, would declare general
election day a national holiday. Other
democracies recognize the importance of
suffrage by making voting the primary
business of a national election day. In
the Interest of truly representative gov-
ernment, we cannot aff ord to do less.
These resolutions are, of course, only
a beginning In stimulating greater voter
turnouts; but, at least, they would convey
our national commitment to involving
each citizen in the election of his offi-
cials. A concurrent task is voter educa-
tion to insure that each vote is not merely
a vote, but an educated vote. Under
previous permission I insert In the REC-
ORD, along with my remarks, a fine edi-
torial by Mr. J. H. Terry of the Geneseo
Republic in my congressional district.
Mr. Terry's editorial is an eloquent plea
for citizen awareness of candidates and
issues and should be read by the elector-
ate and elected alike. Citizen awareness
begins in our villages and cities, but it
can be encouraged by elected officials
themselves on the local level and cer-
tainly here on the national level :
When you mark your ballot in your polling
booth this November, it is a little late to
evaluate the issues and candidates you are
called upon to support or reject. Now is the
time for every eligible voter to gather infor-
mation and discuss with others the issues
and their effect on the people, the com-
munity and the nation, Now Is the time to
take an interest in public affairs and support
those candidates and measures that appear
to offer the best long run solutions to the
problems before us.
The United States plays a central role in
a world of unprecedented change. This fall
every voter will be expressing his opinion of
policies and proposals that involve war, free-
dom and the stability of our economy to
name a few. Our federal constitution es-
tablished a balance of power between the
federal government and the state and local
governments which requires vigilence If it
is to be maintained. An active and informed
electorate is more vital than at any other
time in our history to the future of a free
society under representative government.
THE UNITED STATES IS FAILING
TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE
OPPORTUNITIES WHICH SPAIN
OFFERS
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I have
noted a dispatch from Madrid from the
pen of John M. Hightower, AP corre-
spondent in that city. I wish to compli-
ment Mr. Hightower for his sound anal-
ysis of the situation. It will be noted
that his statement generally parallels
mine which was made to the House on
June 20. Mr. Hightower's story is not
only well written; it has a solid founda-
tion of fact, and I ask that it be reprinted
in the RECORD.
I think it should be clearly noted that
the Spanish bases have been one of the
outstanding bargains for the United
States of the postwar period. The ex-
piration date of 1968 is approaching
rapidly and it is highly important that
base rights be renewed.
The Spanish Government no doubt
anticipated assistance from the United
States toward the reestablishment of
that country as a member of the Atlantic
Alliance with membership in NATO and
with help in joining the European Com-
mon Market. This help has not been
forthcoming. The United States has
taken a cautious approach to the ques-
tion and as a result there is an under-
standable measure of unhappiness on the
part of the Spanish Government. It
very definitely is to our advantage to
have Spain, with its strongly anti-Com-
munist leanings, firmly ensconced in the
European community of nations.
I would hope that the committees of
Congress would adopt a more vigorous
interest in this situation. I would hope
that appropriate committees would initi-
ate inquiries regarding the tardiness that
our Government has shown toward tak-
15491
ing fullest advantage of the opportunities
which are ours in Spain. We should be
making a much more vigorous effort to
further cement an alliance which is
profitable and highly worthwhile to the
United States.
The. dispatch follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, July 14,
19661
SPAIN Ues PRICE OF U.S. BASES
(By John M. Hightower)
MADRID, July 13.-For a dozen years, the
United States has relied on air and naval
bases in Spain to help support American
forces committed to the defense of West-
ern Europe. Today Spain's price for con-
tinuing these bases is going up, not in terms
of economic and/or military hardware but
in terms of diplomatic support.
In its foreign policy, Spain alms at estab-
lishing new economic and defense links with
its neighbors in Western Europe and with
the Atlantic Alliance. To achieve these goals,
Spanish leaders want Washington's help.
Failure to get it could jeopardize the renewal
of the base agreement, which comes up for
negotiation again in 1968.
Though no Spanish policy maker puts it
in such precise terms, the Spanish govern-
ment is looking to the Johnson Administra-
tion to:
Help overcome strong political opposition
in some West European countries, dating
back to the Spanish civil war 30 years ago,
to accepting Spain as a member of the At-
lantic Alliance.
Support Spain's now active interest in
joining the six-nation European Common
Market, which Spanish leaders consider vital
to their booming economy.
Adopt a sympathetic attitude toward
Spain's claim for sovereignty over Gibraltar,
a British bastion at the Atlantic entrance
to the Mediterranean for 250 years.
The U.S.-Spanish base agreement, made
in 1953, partially broke this country's iso-
lation from the West. American economic
aid in the years immediately following helped
to begin the modernization of the Spanish
economy. Initial political changes have been
undertaken more recently, and in the view
of foreign diplomats here are likely to be
accelerated in the future.
Spanish officials believe the time Is at hand
for other countries to make a place for Spain
in the Western European and Atlantic com-
munities. They argue that the civil war,
which put Generalissmo Franco in power, has
been over 27 years and their pro-Axis neu-
trally in World War II ended more than 20
years ago.
RAISING THE FEDERAL MAXIMUM
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS
(Mr. WILLIS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, the key-
note to the success of our Nation's so-
cial security programs has been their
dynamic nature to adapt to the change
in times. This responsiveness has come
from Congress' continuing examination
of the programs. Last year, in response
to rising needs of our aged poor, Con-
gress raised the Federal matching share
of public assistance programs to assist
States in increasing coverage and pay-
ments to these individuals. As a result
of this upgrading, the present Federal
share of State public 'assistance pay-
ments is $31 of the first $37. For
amounts in excess of $37, the Federal
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15492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Government reimburses the States for
payments up to $75 for each recipient.
This reimbursement is based on a match-
Ing formula varying from 50 to 65 per-
cent, depending upon the State's per
capita income, Thus, for example, In a
State where maximum 65 percent match-
ing is available, a State will receive a
total Federal payment of $55.70 for its
$75 payment to elderly poor. However,
the State does not receive any Federal
matching for payments in excess of $75.
Consequently, States desiring to increase
payments above $75 a month for their
aged poor presently have to bear the en-
tire cost, and with the great strain al-
ready on State budgets and tax systems,
they are unable to voluntarily upgrade
their welfare programs.
Historically, it has been demonstrated
that when Congress increases the maxi-
mum level for Federal matching, as we
did in 1962 from $65 to $70, and in 1965
from $70 to $75, the States' average pay-
ments have increased. Unfortunately,
the Federal maximum for matching has,
in effect, become a ceiling over which
the States are reluctant to go. At the
present time there are many States
whose average payments to the aged
poor are very close to $75 monthly.
Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I believe it is
Incumbent upon us to reexamine our
aid to the aged in the light of today's
circumstances. To remedy this situa-
tion and encourage States to increase
their public assistance payments to the
aged and provide benefits more in line
with today's living costs, I am introduc-
ing a bill which would raise the Federal
maximum from $75 to $100 a month and
provide Federal matching for the addi-
tional.$25 on a 50-50 basis. Thus a State
where assistance payments are eligible
for the maximum variable matching of
65 percent would receive $68.20 from
the Federal Government for a $100
monthly assistance payment to its aged
recipients. I feel that this additional
amount will encourage States to In-
crease their aid to these persons. I am
advised by the Welfare Administration
that the cost for providing this incen-
tive by increasing the Federal share, as I
propose in my bill, would be approxi-
mately $45.4 million a year on the basis
of present welfare payments. There
would also be some added cost due to
the increased incentive.
In the last 2 years we have cut Fed-
eral income and excise taxes by approxi-
mately $15 billion. We have helped the
large corporate and individual taxpayer-
we have assisted Individuals who can well
afford the luxuries of life. But the bene-
fits of these reductions do not inure to
aged persons on welfare. They receive
none of these benefits. But they will get
some benefit from my proposal. I be-
lieve that this additional cost is little
enough on our part to provide the
needed stimulus to States to Increase
their monthly welfare payments to its
aged poor. It is little enough when you
consider that this cash assistance will
provide more food, clothing, and every-
day necessities to these persons in ad-
verse circumstances. It is certainly
little enough that we do for our fellow-
man to update our programs in a way
which Is wholly consistent with our
traditional Federal-State partnership.
THE CRIPPLING AIRLINE STRIKE
(Mr. NELSEN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include a letter.)
Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, our Na-
tion's airline industry is still in the throes
of a nationwide labor dispute which has
tied up the operations of five major
trunk lines. Negotiations in this strike
have repeatedly been broken off, but
mediation attempts are continuing after
recommendations of fact-finding panels
have not brought about a voluntary
settlement. The machinery of the Rail-
way Labor Act has not proved effective,
and we now find ourselves in that help-
less period during which the American
public's only hope is for an eventual
settlement of the strike.
Mr. Speaker, I have today written to
our colleague, the gentleman from West
Virginia [Mr. STAGGERS], the chairman
of the House Committee on Interstate
and Foreign Commerce suggesting that
he consider the appointment of a special
subcommittee to "study in depth the
issues and facts involved in this current
dispute with a view toward developing
an early settlement and to consider
measures that might be recommended
to prevent recurrence of these costly and
disrupting nationwide strikes in our
Nation's transportation industry."
As a member of the Interstate and
Foreign Commerce Committee I am con-
cerned that this crippling strike has not
been brought to a satisfactory settle-
ment, and I would hope that the action
I have recommended to our chairman
would receive his considerate attention.
I insert my letter to Chairman STAG-
GERS in the RECORD at this point in my
July 19, 4-966
off, mediation attempts have failed and faet-
finding panels have made recommendations
but no settlement is in view. All settlement
means provided in the Railway Labor Act
have been exhausted and we are now in that
helpless period during which the public's
only hope is for an eventual voluntary settle-
ment of the strike.
The executive agencies of our government
apparently are unable to bring about a settle-
ment of this labor dispute but the Congress
is not powerless to act. I respectfully sug-
gest your considering, the appointment of a
special subcommittee of our Interstate and
Foreign Commerce Committee to study in
depth the issues and facts involved in this
current dispute with a view toward develop-
ing an early settlement and to consider
measures that might be recommended to pre-
vent recurrence of these costly and disrupt-
ing nation-wide, strikes in our nation.'s trans-
portation industry.
Your early consideration of this matter
will, I am sure, be greatly appreciated by the
long suffering American public.
Kindest personal regards.
Sincerely yours,
ANCHER NELSEN,
Member of Congress.
(Mr. DEVINE asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include telegrams.)
Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, dozens of
responsible business people in the Co-
lumbus, Ohio, area are feeling the im-
pact of the continuing TAM strike against
five key commercial airlines.
The President remains strangely silent,
although whenever management was in-
volved with guidelines, he did not hesi-
tate to threaten reprisals.
Accordingly, I directed a telegram to
the President yesterday as follows.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Your democratic
leadership in the House has frequently re-
ferred to you as "our courageous President."
Recently, however, this phrase has not been
used particularly as it relates to your lack
Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, against the five key commercial airlines.
Chairman, Interstate and Foreign Commerce My constituents express great concern
Committee, House of Representatives, about your guideline in the steel Industry,
Washinaton. D.C. aluminum industry, etc., with possible re-
a
h
risal
gw"?v a anageme av,
oweve , when
?
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Since July 6 trans- p
portation services of five of our nation's ma- unions such as JAM completely disregard
jor trunk airlines have been at a standstill your guidelines you are strangely silent even
though millions of persons are seriously in-
due to a labor dispute. The five carriers ers pas- - convenienced and the economy suffers multi-
sen efl haul about t 660% of the ants' of air million dollar losses daily.
g and substantial amounts' It Is respectfully urged that you freight and almost 7s have of f all maid tion Immediately to resolve this matter with-
Travel plans of millions ave been disrupted
.-A +resrnl hie -."If-] +n in the bounds of your emergency powers.
in nnn.r~n{un find
countless others. Meanwhile, thousands of ti~ Member ofCongrc-ss,
non-striking airline employees have experi-
enced or face future layoffs. It Is hoped the Chief Executive will
In terms of economic damage, the struck take courageous action promptly.
airlines are counting a $7 million a day loss The following, are some of the tele-
in revenue. New York City estimates a grams received by me on this important
$500,000 a day loss in tourist revenue, and subject:
Miami, $400,000 a day. Hawaii puts its losses COLUMBUS, OIIIO,
at $2,225,000 a week and so it goes all over July 14, 1966.
the country. Hon. SAMVEL L. DEVINE,
Currently prospects for settlement of this 2453 Rayburn House Office Building,
devastating work stoppage are not good, and Washington, D.C.:
after July 27 an additional trunk line faces Present airline strike causing extreme
shut-down if a new labor contract is not ne- hardship to all our 125 member company. In
gotiated by that time. I refer to the vote of many cases strike preventing air shipment
American Airlines employees to strike on or of emergency parts and supplies necessary
after that date if an agreement Is not reached to filling Government orders required for war
between the Transport Workers Union and effort. All members will appreciate any as-
the company by that time. sistance you and other Members of Congress
In the dispute between the International can accomplish to end airline strike.
Association of Machinists and the five major BOARD of TRUSTEFS,
carriers negotiations have reportedly broken - Columbus Industrial Association.
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July 19, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
help to reduce the unemployment lists
and to slash charity costs.
To better provide for the needs of the
aged, who are the "forgotten poor," I
urge extensive revision to the present so-
cial security system in accordance with
the recommendations of the minority
members of the Senate Select Committee
on Aging. Further, I urge the creation in
the Department of Labor of a program
dsigned to encourage and enhance part-
time employment and earning opportu-
nities among the officially retired but
often highly skilled and productive sen-
ior citizens.
Considerable modificatipns to existing
programs are needed. Project Head-
start, which was originally proposed by
Republicans, has been the most success-
ful of the new. antipoverty programs but
to assure its full potential I urge that it
be administered by the Office of Educa-
tion and that its funds be approximately
doubled.
In addition to the above recommenda-
tions on public training and placement,
I would urge a more effective system of
evaluation for Job Corps applicants,
greater cooperation with local businesses,
labor unions and civic groups, and im-
proved discipline in the camps lest the
growing number of unsavory incidents
serve to endanger this whole endeavor
by creating resentment and fear in the
local communities.
In regards to the community action
program, I recommend that the affected
persons be given greater representation
on the community action boards so as to
assure the poor a fuller involvement in
the solution of their problems. I would
also urge more funds be made available
for rural areas.
As the entire antipoverty effort could
conceivably be discredited by a frustrated
and disillusioned American public, I urge
the establishment of a select committee
of Congress to better assure congres-
sional supervision of the antipoverty pro-
grams and to help restore public con-
fidence.
Mr. President, enactment of the above
recommendations will help to accelerate
the effort to reduce poverty. But we need
to be continually reminded that even the
most skillfully designed antipoverty pro-
grams will go for naught if we fail to
maintain a growing and stable economy.
It is economic growth without spiraling
inflation which provides the best oppor-
tunity for the ultimate eradication of
poverty. However, at the moment, one
side of this equation is dangerously out
of balance.
Mr. President, I stated earlier that one
of the cruel ironies of the war on pov-
erty has been the creation of expecta-
tions that cannot be fulfilled by the ad-
ministration's programs. Yet, Mr. Presi-
dent, there is another cruel irony to the
administration's war on poverty. Within
the past year the rate of inflation has
been significantly accelerated. Inflation
is harmful to all and damaging to the
entire economy, but it strikes most
cruelly at the poor. Thus, it is in recent
months that the poor have seen the pur-
chasing power of their already meager
incomes steadily diminished. This infla-
tion is primarily the result of the failures
of the administration to manage this
Nation's monetary and fiscal policies in
the manner necessary to the mainte-
nance of stable purchasing power.
This failure to control inflation serves
to compound the frustrations of the. Na-
tion's poor who are increasingly disen-
chanted by the gap between promise and
performance.
Mr. President, the Economic Oppor-
tunity Act of 1964 is but one of an im-
pressively long list of legislative pack-
ages proposed and promoted by the John-
son administration. But I would suggest
that the measure of a particular ad-
ministration's contribution is not to be
found in the number of bills it signs into
law but how effectively it deals with the
pressing problems of the day. To govern
successfully an administration must be
concerned not simply with the passage of
laws but with the attainment of genuine
solutions to genuine problems. The
problems of our age are not to be solved
by political proclamations.
The record of the war on poverty is
but yet another example of the ever-pres-
ent gap between words and deeds, be-
tween promises and results which tragi-
cally have become the hallmark of the
administration. The administration's
lack of credibility is not limited to Viet-
nam. The seeds of this growing crisis of
confidence are to be found in a politi-
cally distorted view of government by
consensus. Prolonged exposure to this
type of performance not only magnifies
the intensity of the administration's
political opposition but increasingly
alienates its potential supporters. Thus
it is that in the war on poverty as with
the war in Vietnam, many of the admin-
istration's early and, most vigorous sup-
porters have now become some of the
most bitter critics, and the fact that
those whom it is intended to help are
increasingly open and bitter in their
criticism of it, is damning evidence of its
failure.
THE AIRLINES STRIKE
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, I am today advised by the
Department of Labor that the next and
last step, in any effort by the Govern-
ment to settle the issues and end the air-
lines strike, is for the President, on his
own initiative, to report to Congress on
the strike and ask for legislation.
The airlines fall under the jurisdiction
of the Railway Labor Act, which has a
different procedure than that contained
in the Taft-Hartley law. First, there is
an attempt at mediation by the National
Mediation Board, which reports to the
President on, its findings. The President
then appoints a special panel to make
recommendations. The senior Senator
from Oregon [Mr. MORSE] headed this
body which recommended various solu-
tions to the President. By law, there
can be no strike during the time that this
body meets. The union was not satis-
fied with the panel's recommendations
and the strike began. That is as far as
the Railway Labor Act goes in regard to
labor-management differences.
Accordingly, I have today sent a tele-
gram to the President stating that I
15407
stand ready to support any reasonable
legislation which he considers appro-
priate for effectively resolving the issues
in the airlines strike.
I ask unanimous consent to insert in
the RECORD the telegram which I sent to
the President.
There being no objection, the telegram
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD
as follows:
THE PRESIDENT,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.:
I urge the use of all available resources in
an effort to resolve the current strike by the
International Machinists against five major
airlines.
The strike, now in its eleventh day, is no
closer to settlement, according to the press,
than when it started.
Meanwhile, non-struck airlines, buses, and
trains are overloaded, thus jeopardizing the
safety of and greatly inconveniencing the
traveling public, and the economy of the
Nation is being disrupted.
The American people, who, through their
own tax dollars, have supported and sub-
sidized the airlines industry, have a right to
protection against a strike which vitally af-
fects the comfort and safety of everyone and
which is destructive to the commerce and
industry of the Nation.
I support the steps taken by the Presi-
dent's fact-finding board and government
mediators, but if efforts to resolve the strike
are not to prove fruitful, I stand ready to
support any reasonable legislaion which you
and Department of Labor confider appropri-
ate for effectively resolvip% tr4e issues in the
NORTH VIETNAM AND THE AMERI-
CAN PRISONERS OF WAR
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, North
Vietnam will make a grievous mistake it
will regret for a long time if it tries Amer-
ican prisoners of war.
North Vietnam signed the Geneva Con-
vention, which forbids trials and inhu-
man treatment of prisoners of war. If
North Vietnam even tries American pris-
oners, let alone punishes them, it is a
gross violation of the treaty it has
signed. But beyond that, it would be an
unconscionable violation of civilized
conduct.
It could provoke responses which
would increase and increase into total
barbaric conflict.
My major concern right now is for
these men who are only there because
they obeyed lawful orders in defense of
our country.
The United Nations should assume its
responsibilities. The Soviet Union-one
of the cochairmen of the Geneva Con-
ference on Vietnam-should assume its
responsibilities to recall the Geneva Con-
ference and not encourage war and such
uncivilized treatment of war prisoners.
The possibility of a trial of these pris-
oners, and the unknown ultimate results
of such a trial, should shock the con-
science of the world, and ought to lead
every country in the world to express its
condemnation.
It ought to lead every country to assist
the United States, the United Nations,
and the International Red Cross in pro-
tecting the American prisoners.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 19, 1966
CONCLUSION OF MORNING
BUSINESS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further morning business? If not, morn-
ing business is concluded.
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE, 1966
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Chair
lay before the Senate the unfinished
business.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, the Chair lays before the Sen-
ate the unfinished business.
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (S. 3584) to amend further the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as
amended, and for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment proposed by the Senator from
Wyoming [Mr. McGEEI.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
.suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, the clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, it
is my understanding that during the
debate on the pending measure yester-
day there were some questions raised as
to whether or not the commitment of
U.S. military forces may be implicit in
.the extension of U.S. assistance under
aid legislation.
On Friday last I received a letter from
the Secretary of State, Mr. Dean Rusk,
having to do with this question, in which
he brings forth a most candid and wel-
come clarification of this question, which
I read to the Senate at that time.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this letter, which clarifies the
situation and which was brought to the
attention of the Senate yesterday, dated
July 15, 1966, be printed in the RECORD
at this point.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
JULY 15, 1966.
DEAR SENATOR MANSFIELD: I have noted
recent expressions of concern in the Senate
over whether the Administration views the
extension of aid to a country as a commit-
ment to defend that country with United
States troops if it is attacked. I' think it
important that any confusion on this issue
be removed before the Senate considers the
1966 Amendments to the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1981, and I would appreciate it if
you Would bring this letter to the attention
of the members.
AID legislation relates to furnishing eco-
nomic and military assistance to foreign
countries. It has no bearing on commit-
ments to employ United States forces to
assist in the collective self-defense of other
countries. Such commitments are made,
pursuant to our laws and the Constitution,
where the national interest so requires and
not because the United States is or is not
supplying the foreign country in question
with foreign aid. In short, our aid program
neither implies nor prohibits a commitment
to use our armed forces in cooperation with
the self-defense efforts of a foreign country.
This question has apparently arisen out of
the discussion of Southeast Asia. I have
stated to Congressional committees and
elsewhere that each Administration since
World War IL has concluded, as a matter of
policy, that the security of Southeast Asia
was important to the security of the United
States. This policy has been supported in
a variety of ways. We have furnished
substantial economic and military assistance
to the countries in Southeast Asia. A spec-
ific security conunitment was contained in
the SEATO Treaty which applied directly
to the signatories and to the protocol states.
This commitment was reaffirmed by the Joint
Resolution of Congress of August 10, 1964.
The security commitment did not arise from
the AID programs but from the formal and
solemn action taken by the United States
in accordance with its constitutional proc-
esses. I hope this distinction. will now be
clear.
DEAN Rusx.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield:.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I wish only to say
that I have seen a copy of the letter.
The Secretary has made at least two dif-
ferent statements-I think there have
been three. There were two statements
before the committee and one in Las
Vegas, which, of course, was quite con-
trary to what this letter says.
Perhaps I should get those inserted
in, the RECORD, along with the letter, in
order that all of the material will. be
available for those interested in drawing
their own conclusions.
Mr. MANSFIELI. I think it would be
a good idea.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the RECORD the Secretary's statements
on this subject before the committee and
his Las Vegas speech.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
EXCERPT FROM HEARINGS ON SUPPLEMENTAL
AID AUTHORISATION BILL, SENATE COMMITTEE
ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, JANUARY 28, 1966
(P. 8)
The CHAIRMAN. You say we are entitled to
do this. Are we obligated to do this under
the treaty?
Secretary Rusx. I would not want to get
into the question of whether, if we were not
interested in the commitments, policy and
principle under the Southeast Asia Treaty,
we have some legal way in order to avoid those
commitments. I suppose that one could
frame some argument which would make that
case.
But it would seem to us that the policy,
which was discussed and passed upon by the
Executive and the Senate of that day, is
that we are opposed to aggression against
these countries in southeast Asia; both the
members of the Organization and the pro-
tocol states.
In addition, to that, we have bilateral assist-
ance agreements to South Vietnam. We have
had several actions of the Congress. We have
had the annual aid appropriations in which
the purposes of the aid have been fully set
out before the Congress. We have had
special resolutions such as the one of August
1964, and we have had the most important
policy declarations by successive Presidents
with respect to the protection of South Viet-
nam against Communist aggression.
EXCERPT FROM SPEECH BY SECRETARY OF STATE
RUSK BEFORE THE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF
THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE
ASSOCIATION, LAS VEGAS, NEV., FEBRUARY 16,
1966
We are committed to assist South Viet-
Nam to resist aggression by the SEATO
Treaty, which was approved by the Senate
with only one dissenting vote; by the pledges
of three successive Presidents; by the aid
approved by bipartisan majorities in Con-
gress over a period of 12 years; by joint de-
clarations with our allies in Southeast Asia
and the Western Pacific, and by the Resolu-
tion which Congress adopted in August 1964,
with only two dissenting votes.
EXCERPT FROM HEARINGS BEFORE THE SENATE
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ON FOR-
EIGN Am LEGISLATION, APRIL 18, 1966 (P.
153-4)
The CHAIRMAN. But you just said yourself
that the troops from the North didn't appear
until 1964.
HISTORY, OF VIETNAM INVOLVEMENT
What I am trying to do is to clarify this
record as to what actually happened. You
said that on February 18 of this year that-
this is your quote, "It is that fundamental
SEATO obligation that from the outset
guided our actions in Vietnam." But that
can't be true because we were there before
there was a SEATO agreement. Your as-
sumption of aggression by North Vietnam, it
seems to me, is inapplicable to 1950 if you
wish to go back that far. I agree that 1950
was the origin of our involvement and I re-
gret it because it is the only time in history
we have taken up for a colonial power and
tried to maintain its domination of a colonial
area and I think it was a mistake. You in-
terpret this differently, I know it, but what I
am trying to get at here-and I think it is
important-is whether or not the aid pro-
gram, and this one in particular, has not
been a very important element in getting us
involved in this situation I really think it is.
You disagree; it was aid to France, you say;
there was no SEATO then.
Secretary RUSK. That is correct, in that
period, of course.
The CHAIRMAN. Then in 1954, President
Eisenhower sent the letter which he later
denied as being a valid basis for our involve-
ment, although he approved of the involve-
ment. But he did deny specifically and
publicly that that letter is an obligation to do
what we are now doing, didn't he?
Secretary RUSK. That letter was a com-
mitment.
The CHAIRMAN. For aid, that is right.
Secretary RusK. That is correct. But this
was based on a policy which recognized our
interest in the security of southeast Asia,
just as was the SEATO Treaty which Presi-
dent Eisenhower presented to the Senate
for its consent and which the Senate ap-
proved by a very large vote. They are all
expressions of the underlying policy that we
are deeply interested and concerned, as a
matter of our own security, in the security
and safety of southeast Asia.
The CHAIRMAN. This is what bothers me.
You seem to interpret when we undertake
an aid program we have therefore established
this vague "policy attitude" which justifies
the Government going into any One of these
countries that we give aid to-I think there
are now 82-as an obligation. You see, the
lines get so fuzzy here. We no longer have
a declaration of war in order to wage a
major war and we ease into these situations
that to me are very disastrous and damaging
to our standing, if not threatening to the
people of the world. I want to try to bring
this down a little more specifically to where
we understand each other about the nature
of these aid programs. As of now, this is the
main reason I cannot support an enlarge-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15393
a professional contractor. Matthew McClos-
key is former Democrat National Treasurer
and he has been accused of making an illegal
$25,000 campaign contribution to Democrat
war chests. He has also been accused of
paying a $10,000 kickback so that he could
obtain the construction performance bond
on the D.C. Stadium for his son-in-law's
insurance firm. McCloskey & Company is
also involved in three housing projects in
Florida which were covered by FHA loans
totaling $28.8 million and subsequently de-
faulted. I am sure you are aware also that
it was McCloskey & Company that con-
structed the most expensive office building
in the world, the Rayburn House Office Build-
ing, at twice its original contract price.
It is quite possible that upcoming court
action against former secretary to the Senate
Majority, Bobby Baker, will involve Matthew
McCloskey.
In my judgment, until the court action
against McCloskey has been settled and until
other questions relating to the man's ethical
and professional standards are clarified, he
should not be awarded Federal contracts and
he should be denied the Philadelphia Mint
project, which was the subject of your July 1
press release.
Sincerely yours,
MILWARD L. SIMpsoN,
U.S. Senator.
GSA NEws RELEASE, JULY 1, 1966
The General Services Administration, with
concurrence of the Treasury Department,
today announced the award of a $12,682,565
contract for construction of the super-
structure of the new U.S. Mint at Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania.
GSA said the Government is accepting the
low-price proposal of McCloskey & Company,
of Philadelphia. The firm, which recently
completed the Mint substructure, is to begin
work immediately on the remainder of the
building.
The overall project is scheduled for com-
pletionwithin 18 months.
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, in line
with my remarks today I ask to be in-
cluded in the RECORD an editorial from
the Kansas City Kansan dated Thursday,
July 14, 1966, entitled "War on Poverty
Digression."
This editorial plainly makes the point.
The poverty program having involved
itself in politics now is disturbed that it
is a political subject but as the editorial-
editor so aptly points out:
When the OEO begins to succeed in its
main purpose it will deactivate the critics'
ammunition.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WAR ON POVERTY DIGRESSION -
The Office of Economic opportunity "wel-
comes responsible review of the anti-poverty
program but it resents the hit-and-run guer-
rilla warfare of Republican poverty memos
and party pronouncements."
So states a comment by "OEO spokesmen"
issued from the North Central regional office
of the OEO located in Kansas City, Mo. This
comment runs for more than a typewritten
page attacking Republican tactics.
The Office of Economic Opportunity looks
awkward in this latest political pitch. The
OEO was organized to help the poor. It is
not endowed with either any surplus of wis-
dom, experience or success which entitles it
to involve itself deeper into politics than it
already has involved itself.
The OEO has attacked Republican leaders
because they have found fault with the OEO
program. It isn't hard to find cause for
finding fault with the OEO. That the OEO
would take in after its accusers is strong
evidence of its sensitivity to criticism. The
OEO must have a guilty conscience. It very
well could have.
Our suggestion is that the OEO mind its
central business and get along with its plow-
ing, letting the clods fall where they may.
The war on poverty has enough built-in
troubles to begin with. It only adds to its
tribulations by jousting with Republicans.
When the OEO begins to succeed in its main
purpose it will deactivate the critics' am-
munition.
WICHITA FALLS INDEPENDENT
SCHOOL DISTRICT RESOLUTIONS
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, on July
11, the Wichita Falls Independent School
District passed two resolutions relating
to legislation affecting local educational
institutions.
The first resolution expresses the sense
of the board of trustees that programs of
Federal assistance to education must not
become vehicles for Federal control of
education, a position I share most
strongly.
The second resolution was drafted in
opposition to H.R. 13712 as it would apply
to the student lunch program.
I ask permission to have these resolu-
tions inserted in the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tions were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Whereas the public schools are, and of right
ought to be, the primary concern of the state
and local agencies, and
Whereas it has been a matter of concern
to this Board that the Federal Government
is exercising increased control over the local
schools through the categorical purposes
stated in recent federal school support legis-
lation, and
Whereas this Board has always subscribed
to the premise that federal aid to education
must not lend itself to federal control:
Therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Congress of the United
States be made aware of our concern and be
urged to share our concern in this matter so
that local control of education shall not be
placed in jeopardy; and be it further
Resolved, That the Congress of the United
States resist further efforts to categorize fed-
eral aid to education and make every effort
to replace such aid with general aid adminis-
tered through the state education agencies
which would free the various states to
develop a program of education which will
retain and increase the support of the local
communities; and be it finally
Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be
sent to the President of the United States,
to the United States Senators from Texas,
and to the Members of Congress from Texas.
Adopted unanimously this 11th day of
July, 1966.
IKARD SMITH, President.
Mrs. LARRY J. DOING, Secretary.
Whereas the purpose of the school lunch
program is to provide a hot meal for students
at a minimum cost, and
Whereas many school districts, like our
own, are still making every effort to provide
such meals without support from the Federal
Lunch Program so that some freedom of
choice may be retained, and
Whereas increased food costs have made
this independent operation increasingly dif-
ficult, and
Whereas H.R. 13712, introduced by Con-
gressman JOHN DENT, will further increase
the cost of food service to such an extent as
to force all schools into the Federal Lunch
Program: Therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Congress of the United
States he petitioned to oppose H.R. 13712 so
that local school districts may continue to
conduct a feeding program in accordance
with the wishes of its citizens; and be it
further
Resolved, That a copy of this resolution
be sent to the President of t
to the United States Sena
and to the members ofU Con
Adopted u ani u
July, 1966.
IK D MI
Mrs
THE ESCALATION OF
FRIGHTFULNESS
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, in this
morning's Washington Post Mr. Walter
Lippmann, whose credibility as a critic of
American war policy in Vietnam should
be beyond question, solemnly warns that
the execution of American fliers, held
prisoner by Hanoi, "would make the war,
frightful as it is already, still more'
frightful." Lippmann pleads for an end
to the vicious spiral of ever-mounting
violence that threatens to make a deso-
lation of Vietnam, carrying the war be-
yond the point of no return.
I pray that Hanoi will take heed of
Lippmann's dire forecast. To give it
added impact, I ask unanimous consent
that the article be printed at this point
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE ESCALATION or FRIGHTFULNESS
(By Walter Lippmann)
Because the Vietnamese war cannot be de-
cided by military means, it has become in-
creasingly a vicious spiral in frightfulness.
Because it is both a civil war of Vietnamese
against Vietnamese and at the same time a
war of Vietnamese against foreign white
men, it is, as such wars usually are, increas-
ingly ferocious and barbarous. Unable to
subdue the other side by conventional mili-
tary actions, each side tries to overcome the
enemy by destroying his will to fight.
Frightfulness begets frightfulness and anger
demands vengenance, and all that remains
is a fury which, insofar as it reasons at all,
thinks that by topping frightfulness with
more frightfulness, the enemy will be si-
lenced and paralyzed.
The world is now confronted with this es-
calation of frightfulness. To the American
threat to bomb closer and closer to the pop-
ulated regions of North Vietnam, Hanoi is
replying by increasing its mobilization, by
evacuating the civilian population from
Hanoi and Haiphong, and by threatening to
try the captive American fliers, humiliate
them, and use them as hostages in the war
of frightfulness, and, in the end, perhaps
even to execute them.
There is no doubt that this treatment of
the fliers would evoke dire reprisals. The
warning of Secretary General U Thant and
the declaration of the senators who have dis-
sented from the Johnson policy in the war
are accurate. They are telling the truth in
calling the attention of Hanoi to the fact
that the punishment of the prisoners of
war would make the war, frightful as it is
already, still more frightful. For the ulti-
mate weapons of frightfulness are in the
hands of the United States, and no one who
knows this country and the character of the
President can be sure that they will not be
used if the escalation of frightfulness con-
tinues.
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15394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 19, 1966
In this escalation we are approaching the
point of no return, the point where the war
becomes inexpiable, where it becomes. in-
capable of rational solution, where it be-
comes incapable of rational solution, where
it becomes a war of endless killing, a suicidal
War of extermination. The war is not yet at
that point. But the war will pass that point
of no return if the prisoners are executed
and the North Vietnamese cities are de-
stroyed in, -retaliation.
There is great honor and glory to be had
by anyone speaking for the civilized
conscience of mankind, who interrupts and
breaks the vicious spiral.
THE AIRLINES STRIKE
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, the
present airline strike is entering its 11th
day with reports that these is no reason
to expect a settlement this week.
The strike, called by the International
Association of Machinists, has grounded
five airlines at much cost and inconven-
ience to those immediately concerned.
and to all Americans.
The Chamber of Commerce of Ama-
rillo, Tex., has expressed its concern over
the matter through the passage of a res-
olution on July 13. I ask permission to
have the text of the chamber's resolution
printed at this point in the-RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESOLUTION OF THE AMARILLO CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE, AMARILLO, TEX.
Whereas, the current machinists strike
against five major United States Airlines has
grounded approximately 60 per cent of the
nation's total commercial airlift, and
Whereas, this strike came about despite
lengthy negotiations between the parties,
and
Whereas, the dispute was the subject of
study and recommendations of an Emer-
gency Fact Finding Board appointed by the
President of the United States, and
Whereas, news media accounts of the strike
indicate no progress is being made toward
settlement, and
Whereas, airline passenger service at
Amarillo has been, curtailed by 760 seats
daily inbound and outbound, and
Whereas, this curtailment is having a
serious adverse effect upon the movement of
passengers, property and mail in and out
of Amarillo creating a hardship upon the
daily lives and economy of the community:
now therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Amarillo Chamber of
Commerce urges all those persons in posi-
tions of responsibility in this matter, both
in labor and management, as well as in gov-
ernment, to exert every effort possible to
bring about a prompt resumption of the
normal level of airline service throughout the
nation.
Recommended by the Amarillo Chamber
of Commerce Aviation Committee, July 12,
1966.
Adopted by the Amarillo Chamber of Com-
merce Executive Committee? July 13, 1966.
CHARLES D. Lv'rz, Jr.,
President.
THE ORGANIZED CONFUSION OF
EASY CREDIT-TRUTH IN LEND-
ING
Mr. DOUGLAS, Mr. President, the
current issue of the American Legion
magazine carries one of the most thor-
ough discussions published in recent
years of the truth-in-lending issue.
The article, by Mr. Maury Delman, is
entitled "The Organized !Confusion of
Easy Credit."
Mr. Delman has very carefully re-
viewed the massive hearings conducted
in each of 5 years by the Production and
Stabilization Subcommittee, which I
have the honor to chair. Be has supple-
mented his understanding of this im-
mense amount of data with interviews
and other investigations. I did not know
about this article, but I began to receive
so many letters stirred up by it that I
then requested it from the Library of
Congress.
I do not think it is necessary to repeat
or summarize Mr. Delman's findings.
The article is well written, extremely in-
teresting, and, overall, careful in its
facts. It does actually understate the
level of consumer debt in the United
States. The Federal Reserve Board in
its Bulletin for June 1966 states that as
of the end of March 1966, taking all ele-
ments into account, total consumer debt
in the United States stood at $313.3 bil-
lion. If one subtracts home mortgage
loans of $207.5 billion, there remains a
total short-term and intermediate con-
sumer debt of $105.8 billion. This Fed-
eral Reserve account includes install-
ment loans of $68.8 billion, noninstall-
ment loans of $18.2 billion, security loans
of $9.4 billion, loans on insurance policies
of $8.4 billion, and "other"' loans of $1
billion.
I have usually stated the level of con-
sumer and real estate credit as it is re-
vealed in the monthly Economic Indica-
tor prepared for the Joint Economic
Committee by the Council of Economic
Advisers. The June issue states a total
for intermediate and short-term loans of
$88 billion and mortgage debt of $216
billion for a total of $304 billion. As
Mr. Delman reports, I believe that on the
$88 billion of nonmortgage debt alone
the public is now paying more than $11
billion a year in finance charges.
Mr. Delman's discussion, in my opin-
ion, should help to set at rest the ficti-
tious charges made by the opponents of
truth in lending that it is impossible to
state the approximate annual rate. Of
course, it is easy to do this so long as you
are not trying to determine the exact
yield to three or four decimal points.
Lenders, in fact, start with the annual
rate but they, with few exceptions, de-
cline to let the consumer know what it
is. They refuse to do so because this
would let the consumer know what he is
being asked to pay in standard or "unit"
terms. If he knows the annual rate, he
can shop for the best buy, just as he can
when he knows the price per gallon of
gasoline, or per quart of milk. ,
I congratulate the American Legion
magazine for publishing a major article
-on this extremely important matter. It
is a signal contribution in the public
Interest, and Judging from my own mail,
it is being read widely.
I ask unanimous consent that this
article from the July issue of the Ameri-
can Legion magazine, including a chart
entitled "Cost-Per-$1 Chart Helps, Esti-
mate Interest Rate on Installment Cred-
it," be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE ORGANIZED CONFUSION OF EASY CREDIT:
WHAT A 6-YEAR DRAMA IN A SENATE COM-
MITTEE HAS REVEALED ABOUT THE HABITS OF
LENDERS AND BORROWERS
(By Maury Delman)
Since 1961, massive testimony has been
taken by the Senate Banking and Currency
Committee based on the simple proposition
that when the average consumer (that's you)
borrows money or buys something on credit
he has only the fuzziest notion of what he's
doing, while the average lender seldom tells
him in any way that makes easy sense.
To date, the printed testimony on the sub-
ject easily surpasses in volume the complete
works of William Shakespeare. It exceeds
4,000 pages. A single copy of the whole rec-
ord tips the scales of nearly ten pounds.
The cause of the hearings is a proposed
law, known as the Truth in Lending Bill
(Senate Bill 2276). It is led to the most
expensive investigation ever by the Banking
and Currency Committee.
The aim of the bill is to compel extenders
of credit to consumers to tell the! customers
what the credit will cost in dollars and cents,
and what that represents in annual interest
rates.
The bill wouldn't allow any finangling over
what is interest and what isn't. It avoids
the word "interest" as assiduously as some
lenders do. It would lump all charges that
you pay for credit under the single heading
of "finance charges," whether the lender or
seller calls them "interest," "service charges,"
"placement fees," 'loan insurance" or any-
thing else.
Hardly any of the testimony on the bill
has been neutral. Witnesses were For it or
Against it. Acknowledged leader of the
For's is Sen. PAUL DOUGLAS, of Illinois,
though he is outranked in the For camp by
the President, who has also consistently
plugged the bill.
Acknowledged leader of the Against's Is
Sen. WALLACE F. BENNETT, of Utah. DOUG-
LAS and BENNETT are both on the main com-
mittee and on the subcommittee studying
the bill. In the subcommittee they have
assumed the roles of contending generals
marshaling their forces against each other
in long, open, verbal warfare during the years
of hearings.
Lined up behind Senator BENNETT on the
Against side is the bulk of that world of
business which extends consumer credit in.
considerable volume. (The bill is not in-
tended to apply to business credit.) The
familiar small loan finance companies, the
auto finance companies and many auto
dealers, department stores, some mail
order houses and The American Bankers
Association (representing most commercial
banks) rally against the bill behind Senator
BENNETT.
Go ahead and require a statement of the
dollars and cents cost of credit, says BENNETT.
But a correct statement of interest rates on
many forms of credit is a matter far too com-
plex to be required by law.
Lined up behind Senator DOUGLAS in the
For army is perhaps a larger, but so far less
successful, array. It includes:
(a) The savings and loan associations.
They believe that as much as possible you
should save your money at interest and buy
for cash when you've saved it, thus earning
instead of.paying interest, and cutting down
credit costs.
(b) The labor unions. They take um-
brage at the number of workingmen and
costs, and who have paid excessive credit
costs, and who have been talked Into buying
beyond their means by "easy credit" sales
promotions which they didn't understand
until too late.
(c) The nation's credit unions, As coop-
eratives, they have been making 'Installment
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15371
vides that the Architect shall be appoint-
ed by the President and shall care for
and superintend the Capitol.
This brief history demonstrates that
for many years the Architect of the Cap-
itol was an informal position and that no
serious thought was given to its status in
the governmental structure. For exam-
ple, no provision was made for confirma-
tion by the Senate or for a term of office.
I think this problem is worthy of serious
consideration by the President. Perhaps
we need a reorganization plan to resolve
the current controversy around the office
of the Architect of the Capitol. More-
over, I suggest that we stop unnecessary
enlargement of the west front until this
matter has been thoroughly reviewed at
the very highest level.
There is ample precedent for a re-
organization plan to modernize the
method of choosing an Architect of the
Capitol. Reorganization Plan No. 1 of
1965, for instance, changed the method
of choosing customs collectors. In the
early years of our country, customs col-
lectors were appointed by the President.
But as trade and commerce grew, Presi-
dential appointment of these officials be-
came a burden and cumbersome-if not
unnecessary. So the President recog-
nized the march of time and suggested
a reorganization of the customs service
which eliminated his role as the chooser
of the collectors.
The same rationale was applied in Re-
organization Plan No. 3 of 1965. Up to
that time the President was still ap-
pointing steam locomotive inspectors.
Now, if you thought about it, you would
see that there was really no longer a need
for Presidential appointment of certain
locomotive inspection personnel. So
this outmoded arrangement was changed.
We are doing other things in reorga-
nizing the executive branch as well.
Even the Washington zoo has come un-
der the scrutiny of the White House.
Over the years the government of the
District of Columbia has reduced its in-
terest in the National Zoological Park to
a single remaining function. Plan No.
4 transfers this function to the Smith-
sonian Institution so that all responsi-
bility for the zoo is vested in that agency.
The reorganization power of the execu-
tive branch should extend to the Archi-
tect of the Capitol as well as to the zoo.
Executive reorganization is more than
the creation of new departments. It is
also smoothing out the sharp -edges in
governmental activities to be sure they
are carried out properly; it is eliminating
historical anomalies in the structure of
government. There must be continual
reexamination of government organiza-
tion to keep it up to date and to make it
conform to the latest management tech-
niques and cost-saving procedures.
In the light of current needs and con-
ditions, the organization of the Office of
the Architect of the Capitol should be
reconsidered with a view to providing the
most efficient and affective performance
of the function. I hope President John-
son will give this matter his attention.
The Capitol is a vital part of our Ameri-
can heritage. It deserves the best care
and management we can give it.
PRESIDENTIAL INTERVENTION THE
ONLY PRACTICAL WAY TO END
AIRLINES STRIKE
Mr. FONG. Mr. President, the airline
mechanics strike, which has grounded
five major U.S. airlines carrying 60 per-
cent of the Nation's air traffic, is now
dragging into the 12th day.
Every mail delivery and every daily
newspaper from Hawaii brings fresh evi-
dence of the rising financial plight of
people and businesses in the Islands as a
result of the strike.
Many people seem to think Congress
should enact legislation to end the strike.
This appears to me a very faint hope, for
so far I have not heard one word from
the majority leadership in control of
Congress that they intend to initiate leg-
islation to end the airlines strike or in-
deed to take any .action whatsoever.
Neither have I heard any announce-
ment that the appropriate legislative
committees of Congress are working-or
even studying-ways to protect the pub-
lic interest in this costly labor-manage-
ment dispute.
Today, therefore, I have written to the
chairman of the Senate Committee on
Labor and Public Welfare, the chairman
of the Senate Committee on Interstate
and Foreign Commerce, and the chair-
man of the Senate Labor Subcommittee
urging steps toward standby emergency
legislation should this become necessary.
I have also asked the Labor Committee
to undertake a comprehensive study of
feasible alternatives to protect the public
interest in such disputes affecting the
national interest.
There are those who say the admin-
istration is doing all it can and that the
Civil Aeronautics Board has taken steps
to provide extra air service in this emer-
gency situation.
The Civil Aeronautics Board has au-
thorized certain nonstruck domestic air-
lines to service additional points along
their routes. However, these airlines
were already operating at near capacity
and cannot accommodate the large num-
ber of passengers now deprived of air
service. Neither do these lines have suf-
ficient additional aircraft and equipment
to fill the huge gap left by grounding of
five airlines who formerly carried 60 per-
cent of the Nation's air traffic. Charter
airlines cannot provide all the extra
space either as most of them are already
heavily booked.
Even though the Civil Aeronautics
Board authorized nonstruck lines to
lease equipment of the struck lines, we
have seen how this move was in effect
nullified by refusal of crews to service
any equipment leased from struck lines.
It has also been suggested that the
CAB suspend the cabotage laws so as to
permit foreign airlines to render domes-
tic passenger service in the United States.
But the CAB advises this is not per-
mitted by law. An act of Congress
would be necessary and Congress is not
likely to legislate at this point in this
complicated area. Further, this would
be very time consuming, when what is
needed is a prompt settlement of the air-
lines strike.
Add it all up, and what the CAB has
been able to do is negligible.
LEGISLATIVE SESSION
On request of Mr. MANSFIE nd by
unanimous consent, the S a umed
the consideration of legisl4i a siness.
Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President I wish
to call the attention of Senators to a
motion picture film, shot under in-
credible wartime dangers, which is vital
to understanding the situation in Viet-
nam. The film is now available in this
country, and it presents scenes, never
before shown in America, of the civilian
side of the war in78outh Vietnam. It
was made by an accredited combat
correspondent, Dr. Bob Pierce, president
of World Vision, Inc., and an authority
on the Far East of more than 20 years'
standing.
The title of this 1-hour film is
"Vietnam Profile." A series of public
service television station showings across
the country will begin with a presenta-
tion on WPIX-TV in New York City on
Wednesday, August 3, at 10 p.m.
In "Vietnam Profile," Dr. Pierce shows
the real story of civilian suffering: the
story of destroyed villages, the orphan-
ing of countless children, destruction
of crops and other property, shortages of
shelter and medical care, and the
desperate need for help by the civilians.
In his narration of the film, Dr. Pierce
explains how World Vision, other agen-
cies and the U.S. Government are trying
to help the people in South Vietnam
maintain life and strength during the
country's struggle with the Vietcong and
communism.
The "Vietnam Profile" is visual evi-
dence of the aspects of the war in Viet-
nam which the White House has been
emphasizing.
I commend World Vision for its out-
standing work in supplying emergency
aid to distressed people in Vietnam, for
its foresight in producing this dramatic,
informative film; and I commend the
dedication of its able leader, Dr. Bob
Pierce.
THE NEED TO REVIEW THE ORGANI-
ZATION OF THE OFFICE OF THE
ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, the
controversy over the west front calls our
attention to a basic problem, the method
of selecting the Architect of the Capitol.
Since 1792, the design of the Capitol
and the actions of the Architect of the
Capitol have been the subject of debate.
There was considerable conflict over the
very choice of an initial plan for the Cap-
itol. It required 19 years to complete the
Senate and House. Chambers. During
this period five different men served in
the position now called Architect of the
Capitol, and the plans were changed
three times. The controversy over the
Capitol continued until this building was
finally finished in 1865.
For more than 80 years there was no
permanent, statutorily appointed Archi-
tect of the Capitol. In 1876 Congress
officially established the position in a
rider to an appropriation bill. It pro-
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15372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 19, 1966
The only practical avenue that can By allowing the airlines strike to con- LIHUE KAUI,
achieve a prompt settlement is massive tinue, the administration is contributing July 16, 1966.
and determined intervention by the Pres- to the downturn of our economy. Senator HIRAM FONG,
ident, such as he used to prevent a steel The American people would welcome a Senate Office Building,
strike last fall. downturn in the high cost of living which Washington, Airline strike The need is obvious. continues to soar, but a downturn in pro- Grayline employees disastro. of 60
families Ws seerioriosly ly a(-
Because of the strike, Hawaii is losing ductivity worries a lot of people. An fected by lack of tourist. Please help.
1,200 to 1,400 tourists a day and $41/2 economic setback could have a disastrous JOHN S. GILRUTH,
million a week in revenue from tourism effect. Achors Grayline, Lihue Kauai.
and related industries. In one of our By allowing the strike to continue, the
islands, hotel occupancy is down 7 to 20 administration also is contributing to un- HoxoLULU,
percent. Another reported 70 to 80 per- employment. More and more workers, July 16,1966.
cent cancellations; another 50 percent. apart from the striking mechanics, are Washington, HIRAM C.:
In Waikiki, where normally at this lea- being laid off. With each day, unem- Yersal D.C.:
urgently required
son all hotels are filled to capacity, there ployment grows. to settle airline strike causing Hawaii visitor
are 500 vacancies, Retail shops and tour All these are compelling; reasons for industry crisis.
groups are feeling the pinch. the President to move-and to move MAHALO WAIKIKrAN,
The longer the strike continues, the fast-to end the airline mechanics strike Hotel Staff.
worse everything will be, by calling the parties in continuous ses-
Hawaii's tale of woe is repeated in sion at the White House, as he did in the H1LO, HAwnxi, July 16,1666.
Senator many areas of the country. Economic steel dispute last September, until a set- U.S. HIRAM Foxc,
losses and personal hardships are snow- tlement is reached. Washington,
D.C.:
balling.
Once again I appeal to the President Need urgent congressional action in airline
In my two Senate statements last week to take these necessary-and inevitable- strike. Unrecoverable loss to business
on this deplorable and intolerable situa- steps for the good of all America. mounting because of tourist cancellations.
tion, I cited these adverse repercussions Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Other businesses suffering. Please, Kokua.
o the airlines strike. sent to have printed in the RECORD tele- Slim Holt Tours and U Drive MacKenzie
Today I call attention to the adverse grams and letters which have been re- wa
T urs, Transportation Tours and Udrive, Has
impact on the Federal Government. aportation Co., Jack's Tours
ceived by me in connection with this and na Udrive, Duarte Orchard Island
The strike is costing tFederal Gov- matter, and several newspaper articles. Tours.
erhent strike
re coshes the
income desper- o There being no objection, the tele- -
a rn needed to revenues--income
e
e- grams, letters and articles were ordered HONOLULU, July 19, 1966.
keep the dGovern
sent from sinking further into the red. to be printed in the RECORIi, as follows: Senator HIRAM L. FONG,
HONOLULU, U.S. Senate,
No one knows yet exactly how much Is, 1966. Washington, D.C.:
July
tax revenue is being lost, but we can per- Hon. HIRAM L. Foxe, Members of the Hawaii Restaurant Asso-
ceive where losses are occurring: in the Congress of the United States, ciation ask all possible measures be taken
Federal income tax on earnings of the U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.: immediately ao stop airline strike seriously
struck, service af-
struck airlines, who are losing an esti- Crippling air transportation strike is affecting nomyrant and -
mated $7 million a day; in the Federal hurting Dole because of difficulties in main- footed~~' Economy of s action ctate bAlo f-
income tax on earnings of employees now taming adequate personal contact necessary . Hawaii needs atinowL'~.~ Aloha.
due separation production and marketing JOHN 1' resi
out of work as a result of the strike; and facilities located on mainland and in Hawaii President.
In the Federal income tax earnings of anything adverse to Hawaii economy hurts
the tourist and allied industries and all Hawaii business. HONOLULU, July 18, 1966.
businesses whose sales and earnings are senator HIRAM Foxc,
declining because of the strike. Hon. HIRAM L. Foxe, Washington, U. S. Senate, Washington, D.C.: Washington, D.C.:
In addition, the Federal Government Know you will use Airline strike extremely deque t Exec tive
is losing the 5 percent air transports- bring a pressure to bear providing rO1' ~doffices to
pressures set Please request utive
tion tax for every passenger who can no legisla- pressures for settlemenG.
tion enacted to prevent devastating dis-0. GAUGLER,
longer use the airlines. This must be a ruption of this kind. Kindest personal GEORGE eb ck, Honolulu,
sizable amount by now. regards. Manager, Sears, Roebuck, Honolulu,
Even though essential military pass- W. F. QUINN.
enger travel and b
car
o
i
l
g
may a a
r
ifted HONOLULU, MAUI CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,
despite the strike, how are the thousands Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii, July-15, 1966.
of defense contractors and subcontrac- July 15, 1966. Hon. HIRAM L. FONG,
Senator HIRAM FONG, The U.S. Senate,
tors faring? Are their personnel, en- Washington, D.C.:
gaged in 'defense efforts, hampered by Entire membership Hawaii Hotel Associa- Washington, D.C.
today
your -
lack of flight space? I hear reports that tion greatly concerned with present airline tion, SENATOR Foxe: For Commerce
these defense activities are indeed cur- strike and adverse effect on economy of sent , the the Maui Chamber
following ng message ent
to to President id P dent
tailed by the strike. Interference with Hawaii. Your continued effort to alleviate Johnson:
private defense efforts, as distinguished situation imperative. "Airline Strike Detrimental to Tourist In-
from WILLIAM H. CHARLOCK 30,
strictly military activities, will be ery at Seasons Peak. Your Considered
ed
President, Hawaii Hotels Association. Intervention Urgently Requested."
more and more seriously felt as the strike Int
goes on. HONOLULU Sincerely,
eials is the slowdown in the Nation's U.S. Senate, Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.: WAIKIKI JAYCEES,
economy by a strike of these proportions. Airline strike disastrous to hotel economy. July 14, 1966.
On Sunday,,it was announced that the Please help to terminate. Senator HIRAM L. FONG,
Nation's economic growth in the April- FOSTER TOWER HOTEL. U.S. Senate, Senate May-June quarter this year decidedly Washington, D.C.
.lding,
slowed down. The gross national product HONOLULU, increased only $10.8 billion, the smallest July 16, 1966, bership of the Ka kaki Jaycees at itsameet g
gain since the fall of 1964. More than Hon. HIRAM L. FONG, on July 13, 1966 recommended that we write
half of this reflected inflation. The real New Senate Office Building, you regarding the
Washington, D.C.: paralyzing airline strike
gain was only $4.8 billion. that has hit Hawaii. As you know, the only
As a result of higher taxes and lower In view impact airline mechanics' strike fast and efficient means of transportation
economic activity, disposable personal In- on economy of Hawaii, urge you do all pos- between Hawaii and the mainland is by air
sible towards expediting settlement. and at present there is only one U.S. car-
come of the American people advanced W. M. BUSH, rier transporting passengers.
only $4.6 billion, less than in any quarter Executive Vice President, Castle dr The hotels are already complaining of
since 1963. Cooke, Inc. numerous cancellations thus it is imperative
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 i'
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good back in 1961 when they filed their
claims. Their plan appeared practical and
was supported with financial ability. Ac-
cording to Dalby, the entrymen decided
originally to get their money for the de-
velopment from the federal government. On
Feb. 12, 1963, they abandoned their ef-
forts and decided to follow another course
through private financing.
In the Indian Hill case, Dalby found no
evidence of written documents which showed
that the entrymen would sell their land after
patent for $10 an acre to a corporation. The
examiner would leave to the courts the
decision as to whether an informal agree-
ment had been made, raising doubts as to
the legality.
Once an application for land is granted
by the BLM, the entryman has five years to
develop his claim. If by that time he has
not accomplished the proper work in getting
water to the land, his claim reverts to the
government.
The BLM understands that a cooperative
effort is needed for such areas as Indian Hill
and Hammett. Reclamation of a section of
land is too costly for an individual to under-
take. If the claimant can align himself
with private capital furnished through
corporate or cooperative holding companies,
he can more readily develop his acreage.
Most of the expense involved in these two
projects is in pumping costs. The water
must be lifted from the Snake River to the
acreage. This moved the private corporation
into the picture, with ample finances, to in-
stall the costly pumping services without
delay and bring water to the land.
If the legality of the Owyhee and Elmore
reclamation projects is to be tested at this
late date, then the BLM should not delay in
allowing applications in other areas. And
the government should satisfy applicants
that their obligations can be met through
private interests, including development
companies.
If there is reason to doubt the validity of
applicants' agreements with holding com-
panies, then the Bureau of Land Manage-
ment should provide more rapid service in
testing the legality. The secretary of interior
surely understands that few individual
claimants-whether mining prospectors or
reclamationists-can hardly pay the costs of
appearing before the federal court.
This seems to be also a test case on the
Great Society. People who are willing to
work digging the soil and bringing water to
640 acres of arid land, thus contributing to
the economy, are set back financially before
the project even gets under way. If they
must rely on the federal treasury for a loan,
they are still shackled and face a mountain
of red tape and vicious delays which tax the
ability of any man to remain prosperous
while investing.
If there is a doubt on legality, of course,
the government is obliged to question. But
the machinery must be run expeditiously.
The secretary of interior should show more
interest toward private development and fi-
nancing. Too many reclamation projects in
other areas of the country have been success-
fully completed by the claimants within the
five-year period, but the developers then find
they are unable to get out from under finan-
cial encumbrances. Nor can they make a
living farming on the section of land.
Some relief is due before these arid areas
become marked as objects of the war on
poverty.
The' government must meet the same
standards of reason and prudence as the
applicants.
Undue delay cannot be tolerated.
reau of Land Management has determined
that the development was achieved through
illegal means. Basically, the case involves
what the bureau has ruled is misuse of de-
sert land entries. The bureau points out
that the desert land entry was designed as a
means for an individual to reclaim 320 acres
of land, or a couple to reclaim a full section
of land. In the Indian Hill case, some 3,700
acres of land are being operated as a single
unit.
On the other side of the coin, those who
filed the desert land entries have said they
thought they were joining forces in order to
cut down on high costs of reclamation.
Water is pumped from Snake River to a point
where it can be used for gravity irrigation in
many cases. The pump installation is a
huge, costly project that serves the land lo-
cated on the plateau above Snake River.
Literally hundreds of desert land areas in
the general region have been pending for
months as the bureau works its way though
the ins and out of the Indian Hill case.
Those who filed the entries are understand-
ably restive about the long delay in deciding
whether they should get approval to start
farming. Presumably most of the desert land
entries would be developed in a similar
fashion to the methods used in the Indian
Hill district.
So whit happens now? The giant farms
already in operation on the Owyhee County
plateau are being worked. Further litiga-
tion is a foregone conclusion and it's any-
one's guess when the final court decision will
be forthcoming. But if the final decision
goes against those who filed the desert land
entries, what happens? Certainly the gov-
ernment wouldn't order the productive acres
abandoned to become desert again. Nor
could the individual entrymen install in-
dividual pumping systems to lift water from
Snake River.
These Indian Hill lands are being farmed
because the Bureau of Land Management
gave permission to entrymen to start farm-
ing operations. Presumably initial applica-
tions had to specify the source of water, so
it could be assumed there was no attempt at
subterfuge. However, the go-ahead from the
bureau couldn't be construed as permission
to violate any specifications of the desert en-
try law.
The Bureau of Land Management has been
angling for return of these developed lands
to control of the bureau. That would mess
up the situation good and proper. Such ac-
tion probably would lead to a new series of
lawsuits as entrymen sought to regain their
huge initial costs. Regardless of what hap-
pens, it's doubtful if everyone will be sat-
isfied.
Perhaps the basic fault for such incidents
as the Indian Hill case lies in the nation's
outmoded laws dealing with public lands.
A study on revising those laws has started,
but results probably are still some distance
in the future. In the meantime, the public
will hear a lot about the Indian Hill land
dilemma. .
LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1965
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I am
pleased to note the progress made by the
Department of Justice in initiating the
programs set out in the Law Enforcement
Assistance Act which we passed into law
last year.
The act allows our Justice Department
to work with State and local officers in
the training of local law-enforcement
personnel. It also provides for exchanges
of advice and methods among the Na-
[From the Twin Falls (Idaho) Times-News, tion's law officers so the effective meas-
June 24, 1966[ ures of one jurisdiction will be shared
LAND DILEMMA with other jurisdictions.
= The Indian Hill desert lands casein Owy- The need for this program is clear.
hee County poses a real dilemma. The Bu- Today we are in an era when the enforce-
ment of the law must be considered a
profession and supported by the public
as such.
Recent Supreme Court decisions and
State criminal code provisions have in-
troduced a degree of complexity hereto-
fore unknown into the field of law en-
forcement. Technological innovations
have become so important in the detec-
tion and prevention of crime, that an
officer must be fully competent in their
use if he is to be an effective law enforcer.
Since the modern law-enforcement of-
ficer is faced with the problems and obli-
gations of a professional, it seems only
reasonable that he be provided the train-
ing opportunities of a professional. The
Law Enforcement Assistance Act will do
much to make this needed training
possible.
My State is both pleased and proud to
be a part of this program. As a former
frontier State, Texas always has ap-
preciated the need for a trained and
effective law enforcement body. Proj-
ects already authorized for Texas under
the Law Enforcement Assistance Act
include :
December 1965, a $34,285 grant to the
University of Texas Sociology Depart-
ment for a juvenile delinquency research
project;
January 1966, a $17,000 grant to the
Texas Commission on Law Enforcement
Officers to study standards and education
of personnel; a $47,000 grant to the Texas
Department of Corrections for a com-
prehensive study of inmates and how
often they return; a $50,000 grant to the
Houston Police Department to establish
a center for the study of criminal law for
officers;
February 1966, a $35,800 grant to How-
ard County Junior College for the South-
west Academy for Law Enforcement,
open to all law-enforcement officers in
Texas, but especially in the southwest
part of the State; a $50,000 2-year
grant to the Southwest Legal Foundation
for the Southwest Law Enforcement In-
stitute; a $37,800 grant to Texas South-
ern University for a study of capital pun-
ishment in murder and rape cases from
1924 to 1965;
June 1966, a $15,000 grant to Sam
Houston State college for the establish-
ment of a regular degree program for law
enforcement as a profession, and a
$37,350 grant to Rice University for the
establishment of a program for the de-
tection of 1pote9ti coly+lmunity violence
FROM Iw/b TO DA NANG: CON-
TINUING SEABEE SAGA
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, the
continuing saga of the Seabees, the
Navy's construction battalion, was elo-
quently told in the pages of the June 27
National Observer.
The article was called to my atten-
tion by William Daffron, who is cur-
rently on civilian assignment with the
Navy.
The author of the National Observer
piece, Peter T. Chew, points out:
There are 5,000 Seabees In South Vietnam
who have been quietly building a reputa-
tion as hard workers and hard fighters (one
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15400 CONGRESSIONAL RECt)RD - SENATE . July 19, -1966
Seabee has been nominated for the Medal
of Honor) for being, like their forerunners,
masters of Improvisation and "scrounging"'
of materials and equipment to get the job
done.
And indeed, getting the job done is
their passion and their purpose.
I ask, Mr. President, that the National
Observer article be printed in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD with my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FROM IWO TO DA NANG; CONTINUING SEABEE
SAGA-WITH THEIR OLD FRIENDS, THE MA-
RINES, THEY BATTLE ENEMY WHILE BUILD-
ING BASES
(By Peter T. Chew)
"The admiral just dropped around
to chat the other night.
Said he, 'Now boys you're hereto work,
but you've been trained to fight.
So if there's any trouble, don't stop
to put on your jeans . .
Just drop your tools and grab your guns
-and protect those poor Marines!"'
-OLD SEABEE SONG.
DA NANG, SOUTH VIETNAM: Not, long ago,
some grimy, shirtless Seabees here were carv-
ing a road through dense jungle growth near
the crest of Monkey Mountain, a sheer, 2,000-
foot peak named for the outsized baboons
who prowl its flanks, along with Viet Cong
probers. It was 130 degrees Fahrenheit in the
baking sun, and perspiration was streaming
from the. Seabees' salt-caked backs. Their
weapons, as -always, were close at hand. A
crudely lettered sign, propped beside a rock
crusher, read: "Your tax dollars at work.
This road built by the Seabees for the con-
venience and comfort of the United States
Marines."
Suddenly a shiny clean Huey helicopter
swooped down in their midst in a swirl of hot
dust. Out stepped Lieut. Gen. Victor H. Kru-
lak, commander of the Fleet Marine Force,
Pacific, who had come to inspect the Hawk.
antiaircraft batteries on the mountain and
to check on the road's progress.
After a, quick briefing, the general singled
out a young Seabee on the edge of the group
and asked with a straight face: "How do you
tell these Seabees from the baboons?"
"No problem, sir," the Seabee shot back.
"The Seabees are smoking cigars."
The general looked around-him: Every Sea-
bee in sight was smoking a cigar. The gen-
eral smiled, climbed into his Huey and was
gone.
ROUGH, TOUGH,, LOYAL
The young man's insouciance was in the
.best Seabee tradition. During, the second
World War, Rear Adm. O. O. "Scrappy" Kess-
ing said of the Seabees: "They're a rough,
tough, loyal, efficient bunch of men who don't
give a damn for anything but doing the job
and getting the war over."
The same can be said of the 5,000 Seabees
here in South Vietnam who have been
quietly building a reputation as hard work-
ers and hard fighters (one Seabee has been
nominated for the Medal of Honor) ; for
being, like their forerunners, masters of im-
provisation and "scroungers" of materials
and equipment to get the job done.
Seabee enlisted men are members of the
U.S. Navy's Mobile Construction Battalions
or "MCBs," of which there are seven In South
Vietnam: Four here in Da Nang, two in Chu
Lai, and one in Phu Bal. There are also a
number of Seabee technical assistance
teams-"the Navy's Peace Corps"--composed
of one officer and 10. enlisted men, working in
isolated hamlets, building bridges, digging
wells, training the villagers in construction
techniques, and carrying out other civic-
aotion.programs.
These. Mobile Construction Battalions are down, load the sand as fast as we could, and
,self-sufficient unite geared to move at a mo- come flying back up."
ment's notice: They contain their own Ensign Wilkinson and his men completed
medics, paymasters, chaplains, and the like; the job in three weeks, digging mortar pits
.they carry their own light construction and extra-deep bunkers for the special
equipment and weaponry. Forces' men in what little spare time they
THE PRIMARY JOB
Once the battalion reaches, a job site, they
dig and man their own bunkers, they patrol,
and fight beside other U.S. troops when the
occasion calls. Their primary mission, how-
ever, is to build: Air strips, piers, canton-
mgnts, roads, field hospitals, covered storage
areas.
Each Seabee-be he steamfitter, steel work-
er, "construction stiff," plumber-must un-
dergo Marine combat training so that he can,
if he must, fight to protect what he builds.
Partly because of this, the Seabee enlisted
man more closely resembles the U.S. Marine
than he does his counterpart in the fleet
Navy. Then again, the Seabees' comradeship
with the Marines has deep roots, stemming
back to the violent island battles of the
South Pacific during the last World War.
Theirs is an enthusiastic mutual admiration
society.
Early in May of 1965, Seabees landed with
the Marines on the blinding hot sands south
of here, at a spot the Marines were to name
Chu Lai. Working night and day, the Sea-
bees laid down a tactical airstrip of aluminum
planking. Within three weeks, Marine fight-
er planes were whistling down the metal. run-
way, screaming into the air just above the
heads of Seabees toiling at the far end.
Because dysentery is such a serious prob-
lem, the Marines try to establish, whenever
possible, temporary, cement-floored mess fa-
cilities, even in the midst of search-and-clear
operations. Consequently, the Seabees often
find themselves building these pedestrian
structures while fire fights rage all around
them.
A few weeks ago, a group of Seabees vol-
unteered fqr such an assignment in the foot-
hills north of Chu Lai where the 1st Bat-
talion, 5th Marines, was heavily engaged with
the enemy.
EVERYTHING WAS GOING OFF
"Our second morning on the job, the Ma-
rines trapped 200 Viet Cong on the far side
of the hill where we were building the gal-
ley," recalls Bill Haven, a Seabee builder
first class. "From 8:30 till noon, everything
was going off: Mortars, recoilless rifles, howit-
zers. I had trouble with the men-they kept
wanting to lay down their hammers and get
in the action."
Haven is a tough 21-year Seabee veteran
fom Bluefield, Va., with a chiseled face
turned black-tan by the sun. Yet even for
the likes of Haven, the heat was almost un-
bearable on top of the Unroofed structure
at high noon.
"We took dozens of salt tablets all day
long and every night our backs were white
with salt crust."
Ensign John Wilkinson tells of leading a
Seabee work gang to repair an eroding air
strip at Kham Duc, a U.S. Army Special
Forces camp 60 miles west of Chu Lai, near
the Laotian border.
"I had read every word of The Green
Berets," said the spirited young officer, "and
Sham Due was it in every detail: A trian-
gular-shaped fort with sandbagged walls
nestled in a little valley high up in the
mountains with peaks sticking up on all
sides.
"We dug in with some Nung guards out-
side the main camp. It was foggy for the
first few hours every morning and it was
rather hairy out there when there was firing.
In order to get sand for the runway, we
had to drive down, the mountainside to a
stream bed. First we put out guards In the
bushes all the way down. Then we'd race
had.
In March of last year, there were 500 U.S.
Marines in South Vietnam, controlling an
eight-square-mile region around the airstrip
here. Today the more than 50,000 Marines
of Gen. Lewis Walt's 3rd Amphibious Force
control hundreds of square miles, including
the mass of the population that lives along
the coast. To support these men, four Sea-
bee battalions of Capt. Nelson R. "Andy" An-
derson's 30th Naval Construction Regiment
(plus private contractors) are fast trans-
forming the port of Da Nang.
The U.S. Naval Support Activity, a logis-
tical unit, will spend nearly $100,000,000 in
Da Nang this yeah-, dredging three deep-
water piers, constructing LST ramps in the
Tourane River, building acre upon acre of
Butler building covered storage areas.
You find Seabees everywhere you look, in-
volved in an infinite variety of jobs. At the
base of a high, bunker-laced hill, which gets
constant Viet Cong attention on the far side,
Seabees are building a 6,000-man amphi-
theater, a 1,000-man motion picture theater,
an enormous swimming pool, Post Exchange,
and other recreational facilities for the
Marines fighting nearby. The Seabees have
built a 400-bed air-conditioned field hos-
pital, Butler buildings, mess halls, "hard-
back" tents by the hundreds, LST piers.
THE NIGHTLY FORAYS
Chief Petty Officer Claire Hazen, Jr., of
Mobile Construction Battalion 10, was work-
ing last week with a group of men in one of
the hottest spots hereabouts, headquarters
of 2nd Battalion, 9th Marine Regiment, which
sits in a patch of Woods 13 miles south of Da
Nang.
Every night the Viet Cong slip In and mine
the dusty dirt road that winds from Route 1
to the headquarters. And every morning,
the Marines sweep the road and dig out the
mines. Even so, mines have blown up two
trucks and a generator, and partially' dis-
abled a tank in recent weeks.
The headquarters area is a nasty-looking
place, pocked with holes leading to under-
ground tunnels that were once used by the
Viet Cong. When the Marines took posses-
sion, they removed six booby traps, and the
men still move .cautiously down the center
of the paths.
Two huge Marine tanks stand a quarter-
mile away along another woodline, their bar-
rals facing a sweep of open fields where most
of the Viet Cong harassment has been com-
ing from. Yet there they were the other
afternoon: Hazen and his men, hammering
and sawing away in the bright sunshine, con-
structing tropical huts, shower facilities, and
a mess hall, creating a little enclave of sanity
and permanence for the Marines.,
"As soon as we get the floors down," Hazen
noted with satisfaction, "the Marines move
in off the ground; they don't wait for us to
get the roofs on."
SUBJECT TO SNIPER FIRE
Chief Hazen and his men live in tents,
with slit trenches nearby, into which they
dive when sniper fire gets Intense. "We are
subject to sniper fire all the time," he says.
"The Marines are making a big sweep."
Lieut. Col. William F. -Donahue, the Vir-
ginian who commands the Marine unit, re-
laxed on a makeshift chair in the old stone
house that serves as his HQ. He was wearing
a T-shirt and fatigue trousers. In one cor-
ner, a creaky old fan stirred up the muggy
air.
"Each of these hamlets around here, I'd
say, has 2 or 3 or maybe 10 or 12 'Viet Cong,"
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One night last week, a group of MOB 1
chief petty officers got together in a tent
beside the beach and broke out a few cases
of beer.
Most of them were in their late 40s or
mid-50s. (MCB i boasts one enlisted man,
Ray C. "Pappy" Crittenden, a Negro from
Richmond, Va., who is 66 years old, and a
great-grandfather. He was 42 years old when
he first joined the Seabees in 1942.) There
was Elbert "Boom Boom" Schloesser, a
bearded, wise-cracking man whose nickname
derives from the fact that he, like Captain
Anderson, was an underwater demolition
man during the last war, and explosives
are the love of his life. There was Bob Teel
and his monkey "Sam," who is quite a
character in his own right. Sam bares his
teeth angrily at everyone but Teel; he smokes
cigarets and laps up warm beer.
TIME TO SING
There was Joe "Doe" Cassidy, a medical
corpsman, and half a dozen others. And
they sang songs with verses like: "Oh mother
dear, won't you write our congressman and
get me out of this * * s," and other songs
whose words don't bear repeating.
On a recent Sunday morning, Captain
Anderson drove me up Monkey Mountain
in his Jeep. The captain is wise and he has
seen a lot of war. I asked him how this par-
ticular war was going. His answer surprised
me.
"If you want my personal opinion, which
is all I can give you-I'm not sure we haven't
already won it. You know the British had
it won in Malaya two years before they real-
ized it. Nobody comes out of the bushes to
tell you they're licked, you know. Now the
situation could change overnight, like it
did in Korea. But I'm not convinced that
we can't starve 'em out of the woods."
Then his sharp eye caught something of
more immediate moment-a rock crusher by
the side of the road that had broken down.
Like his Seabees, that rock crusher is sup-
posed to be operating seven days a week.
Some one would doubtless get a rocket from
the captain in the morning for not having it
repaired.
It's to be hoped that the Viet Cong, peer-
ing through their binoculars at Captain An-
derson's men hard at work, sometimes get
discouraged. If they don't they should.
said the colonel. "We just killed seven of
them today. How do we. know they are Viet
Cong? The only way we can tell they're
VC is if they commit a hostile act. When
they shoot at us, we consider that a hostile
act. In the daytime, we give them the first
shot."
The colonel, an unsmiling, serious man,
turned toward Chief Hazen. "The Seabees
are doing a fabulous job for us. No other
way to describe it."
Chief Hazen, mightily pleased, went back
to work.
Another Seabee unit, Mobile Construction
Battalion 1, which occupies a beautiful white
sand beach on Da Nang Bay, has had some
interesting times lately. By day they work,
by night they man the bunkers and watch
towers that ring their compound. Today's
Seabees are far younger than their forerun-
ners in the last war-they average about 23
years of age-and some of the Seabees in
these bunkers must still be in their teens.
READY FOR AN ATTACIt
Just about every night, the Marines
"Whisky" and "Kilo" artillery batteries
nearby shell the ridgeline of. an adjoining
mountain. Flares arc through the air. On
the crest of one of the bills last week camped
a gang of Seabees from MOB 1, there to build
a Hawk missile site for the Marines. The
,two Marine batteries have them bracketed so
that they can have immediate fire support in
event of a Viet Cong attack.
The other day, the men of MCB 1 witnessed
a characteristically ghastly little incident of
Viet Cong terrorism. Seabee Lieut. Frank
Adkins describes it this way:
"About 3:30 a.m., we heard explosions in
the trash dump outside the gates where there
are one or two pieces of equipment. Three
ARVN soldiers were living out there in a tent
with a 17-year-old mentally retarded boy.
"The Cong slipped out of the hills, caught
the four guys sleeping, and threw grenades
under their cots. The blast killed them all,
throwing one through the air, his undersides
torn out.
"We found the 17-year-old about eight
paces outside the tent, lying face down in the
mud. His elbow looked as though a meat
cleaver had carved it off.
"One of the ARVN had taken grenade frag-
ments in the head and chest: He had four
separate holes in his forehead-as though
someone had driven them with a ballpoint
pen.
"It had been raining and when we reached
them, the blood had collected in a concave
section of tin; it was dripping like a pink
waterfall. The first of our guys to reach the
scene got sick. There were four dud Chinese
grenades lying about. It all happened so
quickly. The VC got away."
HELP FOR THE VILLAGERS
The Seabees cannot figure out the Viet
Cong's reasoning: Except that the Seabees
and the Marines have grown close to the peo-
ple in the local villages through their civic-
action programs. The Marines are treating
the villagers for bubonic plague, which is
nearing epidemic proportions. The Seabee
doctor and dentist of MCB 1 also take care of
the local people, and the South Vietnamese
appear to appreciate it. Perhaps the Viet
Cong were trying to tell the villagers some-
thing.
Every morning a little South Vietnamese
boy and his sister join a bunch of other chil-
dren by the camp wire fence to ask for candy
and food, and to joke with the Seabees.
"Their left hands were cut off by the Viet
Cong," says Lieutenant Adkins, "because
their parents refused to pay their 'taxes.'"
For all their bard work, the occasional
grisly little vignettes of terror and suffering
they witness, and their moments under fire,
the Seabees' spirit is high. Which is even
more remarkable when you consider that, as
yet, they have no recreational facilities: Da
Nang has been off-limits for months.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK: 1966
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, this
week, July 17 through July 23 is of spe-
cial significance to the American people
and freedom-loving people throughout
the world. The third week in July of
each year has by resolution of Congress
been set aside for the observance of
Captive Nations Week.
In recognition of Captive Nations
Week, last Sunday an impressive cere-
mony was held in Omaha's beautiful
Memorial Park by people who escaped to
America from nations that have fallen
under Communist rule. Some of the
participants appeared in their native
costumes; flags of oft-forgotten nations
were displayed in a solemn ceremony.
Omaha's observance this year honored
not only the victims of communism but
also our fighting men in Vietnam. One
of the Members of this body, my close
friend and distinguished colleague, CARL
CURTIS, was the main speaker. I ask
unanimous consent that at the conclu-
sion of my remarks his very appropriate
and stirring speech, entitled "The Fight
for Freedom," calling for a new birth of
freedom for captive peoples everywhere,
be printed in the RECORD.
Captive Nations Week is based upon
15401
J
a joint resolution approved on July 17,
1959, and enacted as Public Law 86-90,
in which Congress has authorized and
requested the President to-
Issue a proclamation designating the third
week in July, 1959, as "Captive Nations
Week" and inviting the people of the United
States to observe such a week with appro-
priate ceremonies and activities. The Presi-
dent is further authorized and requested
to issue a similar proclamation each year
until such time as freedom and independence
shall have been achieved for all the captive
nations of the world.
Congress has thus sensed the import-
ance of focusing the attention of the free
world upon the plight of the captive na-
tions. The compelling reasons which
prompted it to take this action are point-
ed out in the body of the resolution.
The resolution recites the fact that
the "imperialistic policies of Communist
Russia have led through direct and in-
direct aggression to the subjugation of
the national independence" of 22 coun-
tries. The countries listed are Poland,
Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine, Czechoslo-
vakia, Latvia, Estonia, White Ruthenia,
Rumania, East Germany, Bulgaria,
mainland China, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, North Korea, Albania, Idel-
Ural, Tibet, Cossackia, Turkestan, and
North Vietnam.
The resolution further recites that
"since 1918 the imperialistic and aggres-
sive policies of Russian communism have
resulted in the creation of a vast empire
which poses a dire threat to security of
the United States and of all the free peo-
ple of the world." It reminds us that
"these submerged nations look to the
United States, as the citadel of freedom,
for leadership in bringing about their lib-
eration and independence."
These are not reckless statements, Mr.
President. They cannot be discounted as
exaggerated emotional charges of irre-
sponsible alarmists. This is the Congress
of the United States speaking the cold,
hard, unpleasant truth. We must never
forget it. The observance of Captive Na-
tions Week helps us not to forget it.
Public Law 86-90 states the case for
the millions of people who are now cap-
tives of the Communist empire. It re-
minds us that our apathy means their
despair.
We now have 45 years of experience to
guide us if we have any doubts about
Communist Russia's aggressive, impe-
rialistic intentions. By 1921 the Bolshe-
viks had already crushed the independ-
ence of Ukraine, White Ruthenia, Arme-
nia, Georgia, Idel-Ural, Cossackia, and
Turkestan. In 1939 Lithuania, Latvia,
and Estonia were overrun.
Following World War II Poland, Hun-
gary, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulga-
ria, and Albania were pulled behind the
Iron Curtain. The mainland of China
was next, and in 1948 some 700 million
Chinese were placed under the Commu-
nist yoke.
Then came East Germany, North Ko-
rea, Tibet, and North Vietnam. We are
presently fighting so that South Vietnam
will not be unwillingly added to the list.
At no time in history has so much mis-
ery and oppression been packed into so
few years. Never has there been such a
systematic, determined, and ruthless
suppression of human freedom.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 19, 16
But, if nothing else, these shameful
years furnish us our lessons for the fu-
ture. And as we approach the challenges
of the future, we know that human na-
ture is on our side. Man has an inborn
desire to be free. His freedom can be
suppressed, but his desire to regain it
cannot.
We also know, however, that man's de-
sire for freedom will soon, turn to frus-
tration unless he has hope. The captive
peoples must have reason to hope. They
must know that although they have been
silenced, they have not been forgotten.
They must know that they will not be
Abandoned for the sake of the status quo
and so-called peaceful coexistence. .
So long as there is a spark of hope
.there is a spark of resistance, and that
'resistance, whether it 'be real or poten-
tial, means our security.
We know, of course, that the events of
the past year have not brought freedom
and independence to any of the captive
nations. Millions of people in the Com-
munist-dominated countries continue to
be enslaved. They are still shackled
under the tyranny and oppression which
they have known for so many years.
Their individual liberties and funda-
mental rights as human beings are still
being denied. And, the United Nations
Cl, arter which proclaims the principle of
"equal rights and self-determination of
peoples" continues to be flouted.
We also know that the spirit of these
oppressed peoples has not been broken.
They have not given up their hopes for
'freedom. Neither concrete, nor barbed
wire, nor armed threats have been able
to stifle man's natural desire for inde-
pendence.
In order to preserve this spirit and
keep alive this spark of resistance, these
people of the captive nations must know
that they have not been abandoned.
They must have the reassurance of the
free world that they have not been writ-
ten off as a lost cause. To this end,
Captive Nations Week has made a vital
contribution, It serves as an excellent
means of focusing the world's attention
on fiche plight of these peoples and gives
the American people an opportunity to
manifest their concern.
The remarks by Senator CARL CURTIS
in Omaha last Sunday movingly ex-
)-pressed what Captive Nations Week
means. I ask unanimous consent that
"The Fight for Freedom" be printed in
the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM
(Speech of Senator CARx. T. CURTIS (Republi-
can of Nebraska) in Omaha, Sunday, July
17, 1966, in connection with celebration of
Captive Nations Week)
Mr. Chairman and Ladies and Gentlemen,
seven years ago Congress authorized and re-
quested the President to designate the third
week in July of each year as "Captive Na-
tions Week."
In the first such proclamation, on July 21,
1959, President Eisenhower called attention
to the fact that "the people of the Soviet-
dominated nations have been deprived of
their National independence and their indi-
vidual liberties;"
-that, "citizens of the United States are
linked by bonds of family and principle to
Approved
those who love freedom and justice on every
continent; "
-that it was "appropriate and proper to
manifest to the peoples of the captive na-
tions the support of the Government and the
people of the United States of America for
their just aspirations for freedom and na-
tional independence."
Therefore, he invited the people of the
United States of America to "observe such
week with proper ceremonies," and urged
them to "study the plight of the Soviet-domi-
nated Nations and to recommit themselves
to the support of the just aspirations of the
peoples of those captive nations."
It was the wish of Congress, formalized in
the "Captive Nations Resolution," that a
similar proclamation each year be issued
until freedom and independence shall have
been achieved for all the Captive Nations of
the world.
Once again, we commemorate the sad plight
of the hundredsof millions of freedom-loving
peoples still the captives of the Communist
tyrants. It is most fitting that Captive Na-
tions Week will be observed in July. This is
an historic month for America. We also cele-
brate the anniversary of our great Declara-
tion of Independence, flung cut to a world
in 1776 that at best was amazed at the pre-
sumptuousness of these Colonials in defying
the power and might of Britain.
However, it was not just liberty-loving
Americans who responded to this cry. Young
men came from all over Europe to help these
Americans to fight for their independence.
Encouraged and emboldened by victory in
America they returned to their own lands,
to France, Ireland, Germany, Poland, to fight
against tyrannical government and foreign
oppressors.
The right of all men to be treated with
honor and dignity by their government, and
the rights of those with a common culture
and history to be self-governing-not part of
a foreign empire-became of such paramount
importance that Europe and the rest of the
World were never the same again.
Nor was America ever the Same. For the
story of our struggle for freedom and the
free society we created made our country
a lodestar. Decade alter decade, people from
all over the world made the agonizing deci-
sion to leave their farms and villages and
friends and come to America,.
They came because they wanted freedom.
They blended their heritage into America's.
By some mysterious chemistry, they also
kept alive the ideal of freedom in their
native lands. They transformed America so
that it seemed to have something of every
race and nation in the world. We in America,
because we are all immigrants or descendants
of immigrants never forgot the corner of
the earth from where our adventurous fore-
fathers came.
This is what President Eisenhower meant
when he said that "citizens of the United
States are linked by bonds of family and
principle to those who love freedom on every
continent."
The Baltic peoples, the Poles, the Hun-
garians, the Czechs, the Slovaks, the Croa-
tions, the Bulgarians, the Greeks, the Itali-
ans, the Germans, the Irish, all strove for
Independence in the 19th Century, and
always found Americans supporting their
cause.
We could not be true to the philosophy of
the American Revolution, and be indifferent
to the triumph of tyranny elsewhere.
In effect, the ideal' behind. "Captive Na-
tions Week" has long been a part of the
American tradition.
If we are true to the principles of the
Declaration of. Independence, then we must
turn from our enjoyment of the "blessings
of liberty" to the other side of the coin: to
deep concern for those who are denied such
freedom--whose national aspirations and
hopes- still lie crushed under the heel of
tyranny.
The 20th Century has seen the leap to in-
dependence of many, many nations but for
some it was short-lived and followed by
tragic repression. Out of World War I came
a whole new group of independent nations
in Central and Eastern Europe.
However, from 1938 onward, under the
twin onslaughts of Nazism and Commu-
nism, one by one they were conquered. Es-
tonia, Latvia and Lithuania endured first the
Nazi and then the Communist tyranny.
They never regained their freedom and were
swallowed up into the Soviet Empire. Po-
land was overrun and divided. It had a brief
moment of independence at the end of World
War II, only to be enslaved by a combination
of duplicity and Soviet military force.
Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania all were con-
quered by the Nazis, and then reconquered
by Soviet Union forces which established
puppet Communist governments.
East Germany was added to the list.
The Iron Curtain rang down as far west
as Czechoslovakia in 1948, when through
terror, betrayal and murder, the duly elected
Czech government was overthrown and the
Russian trained Communists seized control
with the backing of Soviet military might.
Thus, together with the Ukrainians, the
White Ruthenians, the Georgians and other
distinct nationalities within the Soviet Em-
pire, hundreds of millions of peoples in Cen-
tral and Eastern Europe became the captives
of a minority of fanatics obsessed with the
antihuman Marxist-Leninist doctrines for
the management, control, and exploitation
of mankind.
Using the "barrel of a gun" to enforce their
beliefs, the Communist tyrants swept into
control of Mainland China, North Korea,
Tibet and elsewhere to expand slavery on a
scale never before experienced by mankind.
We in the United States made desperate
and bloody sacrifices to stem the tide of
Communist totalitarianism, and succeeded
in Western Europe and in South Korea. We
are now attempting the same holding opera-
tion in Viet Nam.
Despite the cost in terms of resources and
lives, we must never forget that we in Amer-
ica increased and prospered. We are still the
free nation of the world.
It is this blessing that makes it important
for Americans to recall the suffering of oth-
ers. Theirs is a terrible story:
The denial of legitimate rights of self-
determination to hundreds of millions;
The suppression of sacred religious beliefs,
Christian, Jewish, Moslem and Buddhist;
The deliberate downgrading or actual de-
struction of rich and ancient separate cul-
tural conditions;
The systematic economic exploitation of
these captive peoples for the benefit of the
ruling classes of the Soviet Union;
And the literal enslavement and slow death
meted out to those who protested or failed
to conform.
This is what we mean when we speak of
Captive Nations.
The record of cruelties and degradations
visited by Communist masters is so enor-
mous and appalling as to defy belief. In-
deed, we tend to push it into the back of our
minds-to almost become accustomed to it
because of the monotonous repetition.
The piling of misdeed upon misdeed, year
after year, decade after decade, conditions us
to almost take it for granted. We find our-
selves almost turning away, justifying our
indifference by saying, "That's the way it
has always been."
We - must restore our sense of proportion,
our sense of outrage. Men were not meant
to be treated as have these captive peoples.
Captive Nations Week is the dash of cold
water, the recall to reality we need each
year to remind us of what is one of the brute
facts of the world we live in.
And if we are accused of being interna-
tional busy-bodies, of minding other nations'
business, of upsetting the status quo, of en-
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