BRIG. GEN. SCHILTZ DISCUSSES POWER FOR PEACE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2005
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: June 8, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
June 8, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
Meantime, the U.S Army, on the Retreat
the ship, towed it back 'to Sydney, took out
the masts and unceremoniously converted
the bark into a Coal barge.
The Navy towed Kaiulani to New Guinea
and for the rest of the war the ship tagged
along with the fleet until the Philippines was
recaptured and the war ended.
A Manila shipping company bought Kalu-
lani In 1948 and for the next 17 years the
ship was used as a lumber barge between
Manila and the southern Philippine island of
Mindanao.
GIFT TO UNITED STATES
rapid filling of supply requirements for
the American soldier in Vietnam.
I would like to bring this excellent ad-
dress to the attention of my colleagues,
as an example of the means by which we
are combining our past experience and
modern capabilities in the defense of
freedom and insert General Schiltz' re-
marks at this point in the RECORD:
POWER FOR PEACE
(Speech by. Brig. Gen. Howard F. Schiltz,
commanding general, U.S. Army Aviation
Materiel Command, St. Louis, Mo., at the
Armed Forces Day luncheon meeting,
1966)
Dubuque
Iowa
May 19
,
,
,
But history-minded sailing buffs like Jim
Kleinschmidt got to hear of Kaiulani's fate Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,
and were preparing to purchase the vessel let me say what a real thrill it is to be
When President Macapagal gave it to the here today. I am honored that you would
United States, invite me to address you. But honor is also
"When I flrrgt saw her lying in in Manila due all of you-for your presence is a tribute
Bay I just gulped," said Kleinschmidt. "She to your interest in and support of our Armed
was covered With rust, the woodwork was Forces. .
rotten and she was infested with rats, cock- It is appropriate that we have set aside this
roaches and almost every other kind of pest time to honor those who are, in the Presi-
you could imagine. dent's words, the "guardians at the gate" in
"We managed to get her cleaned up first, the defense of freedom. Our men and
then we started strengthening the hull and women serving in the Army, Navy, Air Force,
replacing some of the damaged hull plates. Marines and Coast Guard rightly deserve
"We've got, beautiful pictures of the ship recognition for their many sacrifices at home
taken almost from the day she was laid down and abroad.
and with the original plans it won't be hard I will talk more about the Army than the
to rebuild her exactly as she was-provided other services because the Army is the service
we get money. I know best, not that I don't fully realize all
"We found the masts in the Sydney dock- services are indispensable members of the
yard where she was stripped and converted national defense team. Although each of the
in 1941 and they are now in the United States. services has a distinct mission, each is de-
"We estimate that it will take about $250,- pendent on the other. Together their actions
000 to rebuild her here. But the way we are have become the slogan for Armed Forces
going and the facilities we have make it Day, "Power for Peace". This day-and this
doubtful that the project can ever be finished slogan-again remind us that the strength
here. of our Armed Forces plays a vital part not
"In a commercial yard which I think is only in providing for the security of our
essential, the cost would be about $500,000. nation but also for seeking world peace.
"If we had to get it done in the States, it The past year has been a significant one
would cost a million dollars." for our Armed Forces especially (a) their
Kleinschmidt, a soft-spoken laconic sailor, role in Vietnam, (b) their world-wide com-
admits he had been bitten by the sailing ship mitments, and (c) their expansion.
bug. This afternoon I will discuss one phase of
"Let's face it. I'm an old ship fanatic. I' these changes, the role played in Vietnam's
want to see her sailing again under her own struggle for freedom.
canvas," he said wistfully. -A Why is it so important that we take a
Brig. Gen. Schiltz Discusses Power for
Peace
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN C. CULVER
stand In Vietnam? President Johnson and
other Government officials have answered the
"Why Vietnam" question a number of times.
The President's basic statement is still ap-
plicable: "Our power ... is a very vital
shield. If we are driven from the field in
Vietnam, then no nation can ever again have
the same confidence in American promise, or
in American protection.. . . In each land
the forces of independence would be-con-
siderably weakened and an Asia so threatened
by Communist domination would certainly
Or IOWA imperil the security of the United States
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, I recently
had the opportunity to take part in
Armed Forces Day celebrations in
Dubuque, Iowa.
At a luncheon meeting that day, Brig.
Gen, Howard F. Schiltz delivered an in-
teresting and informative speech on the
role of the U.S. Army in Vietnam.
General Schiltz is the. Commanding,
general of the U.S. Army Aviation Ma-
teriel Command in St. Louis, and is
therefore well qualified to discuss supply
and logistical problems in Vietnam, and
the importance of maximum mobility in
the execution of our military operations
a c Snw, Nub --- as fiat) -- ciao.
To those who might challenge this stand in
Vietnam, we reiterate the broad objective
assigned our Armed Forces.
First, to prevent, if possible, total nuclear
war; if one does occur, to make certain that
we bring it to the most favorable conclusion
possible.
Second, to dispel any Illusion of aggressors
that they can successfully engage in local
military adventures at the expense of the
Free World nations.
Third, to prevent the Communists from
gaining control of independent nations
through subversion, coercion, assassination,
terror or guerrilla warfare. These are real-
ities under the cloak the Communists cyn-
ically call a "war of national liberation" or,
"a people's war."
there. In an 18,000 word manifesto, "Long Live
the Victory of People's War!" published last
A particularly intriguing point which September, Communist China's defense min-
the general discussed was the use of ad- ister emphasized that Vietnam is only the
vanced computer technology for the current example of a "people's war".
A3099
The Communists see such a war in three
phases: Guerrilla Harassment; battles of an-
nihilation by enlarged and better-equipped
guerrilla units against isolated units; and
finally, massive attacks by powerful guerrilla
armies. This is the kind of enemy we face
in Vietnam-tough, determined, and ruthless.
Right about now I think a little back-
ground information about the country of
South Vietnam would be in order. South
Vietnam contains roughly 65,000 square
miles, slightly larger than the State of Iowa.
It's approximately 585 miles long-and its
width varies from 50 to 150 miles. The
northern area is dominated by rugged moun-
tains, with flat, fertile stretches along the
east coast. The central area is a large
plateau. The south is mostly the rice-rich
Mekong Delta.
The country has a monsoon climate-rainy
and hot during one period, dry and hot dur-
ing the other. The north is dry while the
south is rainy, and vice versa.
The population of South Vietnam num-
bers around 16 million. About 85 % are Mon-
goloid in origin. The remaining 15% is com-
prised of various groups, including the moun-
tain tribesmen-or Montagnards.
North of the 17th parallel lies North Viet-
nam, a bit smaller in size-some 56 thousand
square miles and roughly the same popula-
tion as its neighbor to the South. North
Vietnam has its mountains and its plateaus
as does the South. The people are essen-
tially of the same stock as those in South
Vietnam. In other words-North and South
Vietnam are pretty much alike as far as
geographical features and people are con-
cerned.
Logically, this leads to another question.
Since the background and the people are the
same-why are they fighting against each
other?
This seems an appropriate time to dispel
a misconception held by many people. If
you have two different segments of people
from the same basic group-fighting between
themselves, this really constitutes a civil war.
This is the misconception. The fighting in
Vietnam is not a civil war. It is not a rebel-
lion. It is naked, cold-blooded aggression
from North Vietnam. President Johnson
stated last year, "It is guided by North Viet-
nam and spurred by Communist China. Its
goal is to conquer the South, to defeat Amer-
ican power, and to extend the Asiatic domi-
nion of Communism."
The Vietnamese have asked our help in
their struggle for freedom against Commu-
nist domination. We have promised assist-
ance and are fulfilling the pledge given by
three American Presidents since 1954. As
earlier moral support and economic aid
proved insufficient, in the early '60's we com-
mitted large numbers of military advisers
and huge amounts of equipment to
strengthen Vietnam militarily.
From May '65 through January '66, the
Army deployed two combat divisions and
four brigades to the Republic. The 173d
Airborne Brigade on Okinawa deployed to
Vietnam in May. It was followed by the
2d Brigade of the 1st Infantry Division in
July. The same month, the 1st Brigade
of the 101st Airborne Division reached Viet-
nam. And in September, the 1st Cavalry
Division (Airmobile) arrived, followed by
the rest of the 1st Infantry Division in
October. In the closing days of last year
and the start of this year, two brigades of the
25th Infantry Division were dispatched from
Hawaii to Vietnam. Concurrently, the Ma-
rines deployed two divisions and the Air
Force sent several tactical air command
squadrons. The Navy increased its fleet size
with the addition of the atomic carrier Enter-
prise and the Coast Guard sent a flotilla of
patrol vessels to help prevent infiltration by
sea. A third brigade of the 25th Division is
now In Vietnam. Substantial forces from
Korea, Australia, and New Zealand continue
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 A3100
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 8, 1966
to give a good account of themselves against
the Viet Cong. And the valiant South Viet-
namese armed forces have improved in effec-
tiveness as they wage their long fight against
the enemy.
I would like to go into detail about the
deployment of one of the divisions to Viet-
nam-the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile)-
I think that probably the most striking de-
velopment in the Vietnam conflict is the
acceptance of the helicopter in carrying out
the concept of maximum mobility.
The importance of mobility-and constant
search of military commanders for greater
mobility has been recognized since earliest
times. Julius Caesar, before embarking for
Greece and the final battle which defeated
Pompey-said this to his troops: "Fellow
soldiers; neither winter nor the delay of our
comrades shall check my onset. I consider
speed the best substitute-the most potent
thing in war is the unexpected." And you
remember that famous saying attributed to
the brilliant Confederate cavalry general
Nathan Forrest, "Get there fustest with the
mostest.`'
Army aviation has brought the ground
soldier a degree of mobility unknown in the
past. He can almost be here-there-every-
where at the same time.
After three years of study, tests, and evalu-
ation by the Army, the 1st Cavalry Division
was deployed to Vietnam in just over a
month from the date of Its activation on 1
July 1965. The major innovation of this
division is the use, where practicable, of air-
craft-mostly helicopters-instead of trucks,
tanks, and personnel carriers, to speed up
the movement of troops and supplies.
The airmobile division is authorized 434
aircraft, all but six of which are helicopters,
compared with only 101 aircraft in the stand-
ard division. The new division has only
1,600 ground vehicles, mostly jeeps, com-
pared with 3,200 in the infantry division.
The special advantages of the armobile
division are summed up in this statement by
Major General Harry W. O. Kinnard, the
first commander of the 1st Cavalry Division:
"In brief these include the use of air vehicles
to move over difficult terrain-to operate
over wider areas with an enhanced surveil-
lance capability; and use of the helicopter to
permit combat units to be introduced near
their objective, not fatigued by marching,
and in tactical formations-. The division
already has proven it has a very rapid speed
of reaction inherent in our massed assault
supported by either tube or rocket artillery
as well as tactical air strikes. Finally, be-
cause of its Inherent mobility, the division,
even more than the insurgent, has the abil-
ity to choose its own time and place either
to fight or not as is most logical."
With the buildup I have mentioned, there
came supply and logistical problems. Before
we get into the subject of these problems,
let me give you some information about the
general conditions the American servicemen
must cope with. The heat-the leeches-the
diseases-the less rain-dampness-wind-
sand--dust, and I could go on and on. Let
me make these conditions a bit more con-
crete. There's the sand-for one thing.
Fine-white----shifting sand. It gets Into
your eyes and burns your face. Its com-
panion is red, clay-like dust. These take,
their toll not only of men but also of equip-
ment. For instance-we have some rotor
blades for helicopters which normally have
a service life of some 2,500 hours. In Viet-
nam--in some instances, the life is much
less--thanks to the sand and dust.
Then there's the rain and the dampness.
Again, these are felt by men and machines.
When I visited the headquarters of the 1st
Cavalry Division last October and November,
it was raining when we landed. We learned
it had been raining for eight straight days.
Clothes never really dry-mildew establishes
itself on leather and metal and everything
else. To say the least-it's unpleasant and
uncomfortable. These few words are just
to supplement what `you already know about
the conditions in Vietnam. And conditions-
especially when we get into the area of
equipment-naturally lead to another ques-
tion. Are our men getting the equipment
they need--in the quantities they need-at
the time they need it?
I'll only speak specifically of Army avia-
tion-for again, that is the area with which
I am most familiar. Our men are getting
what they need-tdhen they need it. Right
now we-along with the other services-use
Red Ball express-which I'm sure will stir
some of your World War It memories.
For those who don't recollect and for the
younger group, the original "Red Ball Ex-
press" was created during the Allied sweep
through France in the closing stages of
World War IT.
The momentum of the drive was threat-
ened and fears were raised that the advance
would even grind to a halt because bomb-
damaged railroads couldn't handle the vast
amounts of supplies needed at the front
lines.
To avert such a disastrous possibility, a
huge fleet of trucks was assembled, a RED
BALL signifying priority over other traffic
was painted on the bumper, and essential
supplies were carried to the front over shell-
pocked highways as fast as the trucks could
roll. As a result, the drive was sustained
without critical shortages.
This same approach, with some stream-
lining and modification, is now being used
again. This time the roads are air lanes
stretching from depots in the United States
to Vietnam and the trucks are four-engine
jet aircraft.
All of our equipment is being affected by
the conditions I mentioned previously. Also,
around the clock use of the equipment leaves
little or no time for preventive maintenance.
This then increases the requirement for re-
pair parts. For the armada of U.S. equip-
ment in Vietnam-fighter aircraft, helicop-
ters, tanks, bulldozers, trucks, materiel han-
dling equipment, and others-the essentials
they must have to keep them operating are
replacement repair parts. To cope with this
problem, the jet age "RED BALL Express"
was organized with a fleet of jet transports
carrying priority repair parts and equipment,
all marked with the RED BALL. The system
is designed to have the required part in the
hands of the mechanic in Vietnam within a
maximum of seven days from the time the
requisition reaches CONUS.
Let me briefly explain how the supply sys-
tem for emergency requirements other than
Red Ball Express works. I will confine my
explanation. solely to the Aviation Materiel
Command In St. Louis.
Our system is built around a computer
which sits in our head-quarters down in
St. Louis. This computer is bulging with
information about Army aviation materiel.
In fact-there are some two billion pieces
of pertinent information stored in our mas-
ter file.
Each part of each of our aircraft has an
identification number. This number-along
with other information about the part-is
punched into a card. In fact-we punch
whole decks-as they are called--of such
cards. And we send these decks out to field
installations.
When the man in Saigon finds he needs a
part--he pulls the appropriate card from his
files and drop it into a transceiver. This is
a machine somewhat like a teletypewriter-
except that it transmits punched informa-
tion-rather than words, The transceiver
transmits the information to a major over-
seas supply depot. The information is then
run through their computer, which deter-
mines whether or not the depot has the de-
sired item in stock. If It has, the computer
directs shipment to the requestor.
If the part is not in stock in the overseas
depot the information is relayed into our
computer. Our machine ascertains-that
Sharpe Army Depot in California is the clos-
est to the requestor in Saigon. The machine
then checks the Inventory of Sharpe. If the
part is on hand there-the computer auto-
matically punches out ' a shipping order to
the depot.
If, however, the computer discovers that
Sharpe doesn't have the desired part-it au-
tomatically then goes to the next closest
Army Depot and repeats the same process.
It continues this until it locates and orders
shipment of the part. Finally, the com-
puter makes an automatic adjustment of
the inventory for that particular part in the
particular depot-as well as making an ad-
justment in our master inventory records in
St. Louis.
Sometimes the machine doesn't stop there.
It may find that-after filling the requisi-
tion-our total stock has dropped to a point
where we must order more parts. This sets
off another chain reaction-the upshot of
which is that a contract for re-order is sent
to the manufacturer. This contract natur-
ally has a delivery date specified. The corn-
puter quietly sits back and does nothing
more. But if information is not fed into
the machine.saying that the order has been
filled and delivered to the various depots as
directed-the machine kicks out a letter to
the contractor telling him he's behind sched-
ule. And here a man finally gets into the
act. He gets a copy of this letter-and he
then seeks to determine the cause for the
delay and resolve any problems which may
have arisen.
The result? As I said-high priority
requisitions for Vietnam are filled within
seven days after the man in Saigon sets the
wheels in motion. This computerized oper-
ation-plus the superb support provided by
the Military Airlift Command of the Air
Force-makes it possible to give our men
over there what they want when they want
it.
In conclusion, these are exciting times in
the Army. Much has been done in the past
year, but much more remains to be clone. I
assure you that the United States Armed
Forces are fully aware of the trying days that
lie ahead, in Vietnam and elsewhere, and are
determined that these days will give way to a
bright future for peace and freedom for
mankind. As the late President Kennedy
proclaimed on his first day in office, "Let
every nation know, whether it wishes us well
or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, support any
friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival
and the success of liberty."
Today, I ask all of you to join with me in
praying for our men who are fighting to keep
free all countries from opppression. We
should do our utmost to show to the world
that America has not ended the only strug-
gle worthy of man's unceasing sacrifice-the
struggle to be free. Thank you l
Support for Headstart
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES G. O'HARA
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
Mr. O'HARA of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, for some time, I have felt that
one of the most successful antipoverty
programs and the one with perhaps the
greatest potential is Project Headstart.
I think my impressions, based In large
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005107/13 CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
June 8, 1.966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX A3097
1964. He announced that Viet Nam was "the would Immediately be seriously affected and
M Speaker, I wish to also 1966 N Niie- model of 'national liberation movements' of forced into an accommodation with the Com-
3ate the other recipients of the 1966 e- our time r ? '. If the special warfare that munists. He follows this up with the opin-
nI4ft"felloWSh1P I would like to compli- the U.S. 'Imperialists' are testing in South ion that Burma, India, Pakistan, nations a
"fnent their newspapers or news services Viet Nam is overcome, then it can be de- little further out, would feel the strength of
for developing such able men. feated anywhere in the world." Nothing the Communist success and their freedom
The list of the recipients follows: could make it clearer that in Viet Nam a would be threatened more seriously as the
Dana"R. Bulien II, 34, Supreme Court re- world war is now being fought. Communists increased their power.
porter for the Washington Star. Mr. Steibel points out three possible re- The third action that he sees from a pull-
Ken W. Clawson, 31, labor reporter for the sults if we leave Viet Nam. These are: out would result in a gradual moving away
Toledo (Ohio) Blade. (1) To continue to fight the global war from the west by Japan, Formosa, Korea and
Anthony Day, 33. of the Washington bu- in other places with nothing actually having a weakening of Australia and some of the
reau of the Philadelphia Bulletin. been solved by leaving Viet Nam but much other friendly countries In the South Pacific.
David H. Hoffman, 33, Washington corre- having been lost. Finally, Steibel notes in his article that the
spondent for the New York Herald Tribune. (2) For the United States to retrench its largely hidden world-wide reliance on the not re-
in the United tSt States isolationism Unite States b free
Leamon . James, Jr., 34, city editor of the thworld at position and revert
e quireth at we destroy thetCommunist power
Walter lorenc C.) Morning News.
WalteW W. Meek, 31, assistant city editor of World War II. He does not propose this, in North Viet Nam, China or in the Soviet
the Arizona Republic, Phoenix. but cites it as one of the roads open to us Union but if we fail to turn back the "war
Philip V -Meyer, 35, reporter in the Wash- if we leave Viet Nam. of liberation" aggression against South Viet
ington bureau of the Knight newspapers. (3) He sees a third possibility. Our leav- Nam, it will leave the lesser nations of the
Joseph Mohbat, 28, member of the Wash- ing Viet Nam could prove such a disaster world in the position of a child who suddenly
ington bureau of the Associated Press. that it might awaken the rest of the free loses his parents and it literally will force
Alvin Shuster, 36, assistant news editor of world to more unified and more militant them to mend their fences with the Com-
the Washington bureau of the New York stands against Communist ambitions. The munists. Starting in Thailand it would
Times. risk in this case would be a world-wide show- shake our position around the globe.
Richard H. Stewart, 35, city editor of the down versus a limited confrontation as pre- It is for this reason that it is our firm
morning Boston Globe. i sently in Viet Nam. Global showdowns were belief that the United States must and
Remer H. Tyson, 31, Washington reporter disastrous in 1914 and 1939 and resulted in should stay in South Viet Nam. That our
for the Atlanta Constitution. World War I and II. "Viet Nam has seemed own freedom, in a way, will depend on our our own 'Munich' where Viet
s but then
James Whelan, 3Venezuela. United Press Inter- the something s foir b cking out could be worse Nam, or without great cost,
national manager Woo, for penalties
F. . Woo, 29, feature writer far the than for standing fast," he points out. someone has fought for freedom for genera-
St. Louis Post-Dispatch. FULBRIGHT, KENNEDY, and Schlesinger all tions to give us what we have today and per-
seem to feel that if the United States shows haps this is the price this generation must
The Real War in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN
QF TENNESSEE
IN THE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
munist that all of our problems will even-
tually be solved. They point out that Com-
munist Aggressionists would take a facesav-
ing out if the United States would make the
first conciliatory move. They say that if we
should be big enough to back off in some
way that would show that we are not inter-
ested in conquest. Apparently, these men
have not looked at history very thoroughly
or they could hardly recognize that weakness
at any time in respect to the Communists
has ever resulted in a solution to a problem.
The National Commander of the American
Legion pointed out in an editorial in this
Draft Changes Needed
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HASTINGS KEITH
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, I am in-
serting at this point in the RECORD an
editorial from the Monday, June 6, 1966,
Issue of the Newport, Tenn., Plain Talk.
This is a thoughtful article on what
we are fighting in Vietnam, and I take
this opportunity to bring these comments
to the attention of my colleagues and the
readers of the RECORD.
VIET NAM IS PART OF GLOBAL CONFLICT WITH
COMMUNISM-IT IS NOT JUST A "LOCAL WAR"
Those who subscribe to ' the Fulbright,
Schlesinger, Kennedy views on Viet Nam that
the conflict is not critically important, that
we could pull out without disaster, that other
areas of conflict In the world are more im-
portant, ignore basic and fundamental facts.
Viet Nam is not a local war. It is a part
of the global conflict between Communism
and the free countries of the world.
In the current issue of the American Le-
gion magazine an article by Gerald L. Steibel
entitled "If We Leave Viet Nam ? ? ` Then
What?" is most interesting.
Mr. Steibe'1 points out that three Amer-
ican Presidents since 1954 have had to face
the truth in Viet Nam, while many home-
front critics, including some in Congress,
have simply avoided it or tried to put it
aside. The responsibility is not basically on
their shoulders.
Steibel says, "To the Communists, Viet
Aram was never a local war. In 1961, Soviet
boss Khrushchev publicly spelled out that
the 'war of liberation' in Viet Nam 'must not
be identified with local wars' and that all
where are in the `front
er
i
t
y
s ev
s
Colllmun
rank' of this 'sacred war.' " Steibel, in his article says, that if we leave
'6teibel points out that' General Giap, the Viet Nam the results could be catastrophic.
North Vietnamese Defense Minister himself, He feels that present countries in Southeast
made the bluntest proclamation of all in Asia such as Laos, Cambodia, Thailand,
month's issue of the American Legion maga-
zine Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, as more
that our government attempted to con-
ciliate Red China after the 1949 takeover and more of our young men are called
when Chiang Kai-shek was driven to For- to serve in Vietnam, it becomes impera-
mosa. Our diplomatic corps stayed on main-
land China and we did everything to at-
tempt to establish a relationship with the
Red Chinese government. The plain fact is
that China threw the book at the United
States from the very beginning and forced
us to take action in supporting Chiang Kai-
shek simply by driving our diplomats out.
Again in Korea, we attempted to conciliate
the Communists and it ended in the Korean
War and a disaster. However, the Korean
War was a shock to the Soviet because it dis-
covered that the United States would fight
and that is something that they had not
believed possible. Out of this experience
came what today is referred to as Russian
"peaceful coexistence." Commander James
says that although it is still practiced with
nasty belligerence; it is an improvement over
Soviet dreams of armed conquest of an un-
armed world that preceded 1950 and led to
the Russian role in Korea.
Red China today scorns "peaceful coexist-
ence" and is openly split with Communist
Russia on this very issue. We cannot see
where giving ground would result in any-
thing but another disaster for the free
world.
Vice President HUMPHREY pointed out re-
cently: "Aggression unchecked is aggression
unleashed. If we have not learned that in
the last 25 years we have learned nothing in
this century."
tive that we take a sharp look at our
system for selecting those who will go to
defend this country.
Nor only do gross inequities exist be-
tween the practices of draft boards in
one State and another-but even among
the draft boards within each State. Fur-
ther, present priorities discriminate
heavily against certain groups of young
men-in a way that far surpasses what
recent civil rights laws were passed to
prevent.
A recent editorial in the Old Colony
Memorial in the town of Plymouth,
Mass., presents a concise picture of the
present system and its defects and would
merit reading by a wide audience:
REVAMPING THE DRAFT LAW
The present draft law favors the college
student and penalizes those who lack the
money, brains or initiative to seek a higher
education. There is a growing feeling
throughout the country, in which we share
with strong conviction, that this inequity,
as far as possible, should be eliminated. Too
often going to college is being used as a way
of saving one's own neck at the other fellow's
expense.
We say correct inequity "as far as pos-
sible" for the reason that even before a fin-
ger has been lifted in this direction we know
that perfect justice is impossible. Human
nature and the social structure make abso-
lute equity a goal beyond reach.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP,67B00446R000400080015-4
A3098 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 8, 15166
No form of conscription,, however strin- States, is currently lying in a dilapidated carefully and decided to build the ship :here
gent, can be entirely stripped of special prix-
liege. Nor does favoritism end shipyard near Manila. It was given to and said her back to the 'States, where she
when a man
puts on a uniform. If the United States by former President was to be put on display in Washington the draftee has the y as
right connections or a gift for ingratiation Diosdado Macapai;al as a good-will ges- a floating museum," he said.
and seizing the main chance, he can always ture from the people of the Philippines. "But the project is bigger than we thought
finds, a safe niche in which to ride out the Charged with getting the old ship sail- and I am now convinced we can never do
the job here in the Philippines. The fa-
perils of military service. ing again, Capt. James Kleinschmidt- cilities are not suitable and it is extremely
And if a man is really determined not to a director of the National Maritime His- difficult to get the things we need.
expose his carcase to shot and shell, by mere torical Society-is doing a commendable "I am going to Hong Kong to get a quote
persistent display of ineptitude he can create job. Unfortunately, Captain Klein- from a commercial yard there. I think that
an impression of unfitness and that way quite Schmidt is not getting adequate would be one wa
possibly get himself relegated to some back- material y t get it
done. "As wash of military life. and financial support, to make much a last resort, I would recommend that
Such considerations lead to what its pro.. progress in getting the Kaiulani back she b be towed back to the West Coast where
ponents would call a "realistic" view of the into sailing condition.
present draft system. People who hold this I insert the following article from the
view contend, in effect, that to be an effec- Honolulu Star-Bulletin, May 24, 1966,
tive, professional kind of soldier you have to with the hope that more people will take
be limited in intelligence, at home in a rigid an interest in and come to the aid of re-
command-and-obey situation and find f
un
In killing whatever enemy is handy. Can-
non fodder, from this point of view, should
be rough-grained, not overly bright and
latently sadistic.
Well, It Is true, up to a point, that a
good soldier has to be a man of action, capa-
ble of deciding first and talking afterwards.
It is also true that military life often does
attract young men unable or unwilling to
get along in civilian pursuits.
But even allowing for all inherent defects,
real or imagined, of the military situation,
the fact remains, so we deeply believe, that
merely going to college should not be used
as an excuse for escaping a soldier's obli-
gations, as some sort of trick.
To permit this sort of thing to continue
makes for great bitterness among those who
take the rap for the smart boys. This bit-
terness all but invites political exploitation
of an authoritarian nature. From the
standpoint of the national wellbeing, fa-
voritism in the draft over the long run is
very bad indeed.
Moreover, If It is true that the bulk of
American college students have a superior
intelligence, this intelligence is badly needed
as leaven, above all in the "policy" type of
small wars and pacifications common these
days. After all, restraint and understanding
are of the essence in this limited kind of
conflict, quite different from the case in all-
out wars of survival.
Finally, it is unjust to favor one group
to another's gross disadvantage. There is
no dodging this moral issue.
No draft law can be 100 per cent equitable.
But the one we have now is clearly in need
of improvement.
storing the Kaiulani as a floating mu-
seum to be put on display in Washington,
D.C.:
PROJECT IN FINANCIAL TROUBLE: REBUILDING
OF BARK "KAIULANI" LAGS
(By Peter O'Loughlin)
MANILA.-In a dilapidated shipyard near
Manila, a gaunt American sea captain is
fighting a losing battle to restore the rusty
hulk of the three masted bark Kaiulani, last
of 17,000 American-built square riggers.
"If we don't get some money soon, the
whole project will come to a stop," said Cap-
tain James Kleinschmidt, a director of the
National Maritime Historical Society and the
man charged with getting the old ship'sailing
again.
"We can't go on the way we are."
The project to restore the vessel to its
former glory is foundering in a sea of finan-
cial troubles.
If it sinks without trace, the result will
be an embarrassing blow to American pres-
tige in the Philippines-the ship was given
to the United States by former President
Diosdado Macapagal as a goodwill gesture
from the people of the Philippines.
President Johnson accepted it at a White
House ceremony in 1964 and directed the
Maritime Historical Society to restore it and
get it back to America.
This was easier said than done, considering
the ship had not sailed since 1942, was riddled
with rust, had no sails, masts, rigging or
spars.
COST $200,000
The society, hard up for funds, estimated
the restoration costs at about $200,000 and
that it would take some two or three years
to get the Kaiulani shipshape.
So far considerably less than $100,000 has
Financial Aid Needed To Restore Famous
Bark "Kaiulani," Named After Ha-
waiian Princess
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA
OF HAWAII
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, the
history of our maritime industry is one
in which we can all take pride. The
American-built square riggers of the 19th
century were the envy of their times.
These ships played an active part in the
early growth of our maritime industry.
One of the most famous of these ships
is the Kaiulani, named after a Hawaiian
princess. This ship, the biggest three-
masted bark ever built in the United
been raised by public appeals in the U.S. and
despite moral support from the U.S. Embassy
in Manila, the project, according to Captain
Kleinschmidt is way behind.
"We are in a bad way," said the 43-year-
old former Merchant Marine skipper. "It
would be a tremendous loss of face for us to
back out now.
"Not only that, it would be a great blow
to the United States-?-Kaiulani is a priceless
relic of our maritime past."
The only help on the horizon is a resolu-
tion presented recently in Congress by Rep-
resentative EDWARD A. GARMATZ, Democrat-
Maryland, which calls for public and Mer-
chant Marine support to get Kaiulani re-
stored.
For the tanned and leathery Kleinschmidt
,
,
Who has been working on the ship for ten vessel picked up a load of explosives and
solid months, any help is welcome. sailed for Sydney. But the captain heard by
MARITIME HISTORIAN radio that Japanese submarines had attacked
the Australian seaport on M 7, 1942 and
Kleinschmidt, well known in the U.S. as a
fter stormy meeting with he crew, decided
a maritime historian, quit his job as assist- to put in to Hobart, Tasmania.
ant curator of the famous Marine Historical In Hobart, Wigsten charged the crew with
Association in Mystic, Connecticut, to come mutiny and had most of them thrown in the
to the Philippines and rebuild the Kaiulani. local jail. They were released by the Tasma-
"Before we came, we went Into the project nian authorities and rejoined the ship.
some time ago if it were not for the help of
local businessmen whom Kleinschmidt has
been able to interest in the project.
Kleinschmidt, who has been returned to
the active Navy rank of lieutenant while he
is working on the project, operates from a
cubby hole office in a wartime quonset hut
in the Philippine Navy yard at Cavite.
He has a staff of 28 Filipino workmen and
a secretary.
PHOTOGRAPHS
His office is decorated with photographs, of
the Kaiulani under full sail taken in the
days when It was one of the fastest sailing
vessels afloat.
The photographs are a marked contrast to
the patched and grimy hull moored a few
yards away.
"The hull is basically sound despite all
the years of neglect," said Kleinschmidt,
kicking a large chunk of rust across the deck.
"Some of it will have to be replaced to
make her seaworthy. The whole upperdeck
will have to be renewed as well. It's in a
hopeless condition."
The fact that,Katulani is still afloat at all
is a tribute to Its builders.
BUILT IN 1899
The ship was designed and built in 1899
by Arthur Sewall and Company, of Bath,
Maine, as a fast sugar packet for the Ha-
waiian trading firm of H. Hackfield and
Company.
It was named after an Hawaiian princess
who died the year the ship was launched.
Two hundred and 25-feet long, displacing
1500 tons and with a cargo capacity of 2,400
tons, Kaiulani was the biggest three-masted
bark ever built in the United States.
In 1907 Kaiulani visited Newcastle, the big
port on the east coast of Australia to pick
up a load of coal and got involved in a strike
that kept 130 windjammers tied up in port,
probably the last great collection of sailing
ships'ever seen.
Thirty-five years later Kaiulani went back
to Australia, a final voyage that led to the
Philippines.
By 1910 steam ships had driven the old
"downeasters" off the Honolulu sugar trade
and Kaiulani was sold to the Alaska Packers'
Association.
Renamed the Star of Finland, she ran sup-
plies to the isolated Alaskan canneries for
many years until finally her owners put her
into mothballs.
In 1940 a San Francisco group bought the
ship, restored Its original" name and Loaded
it with timber. On September 25, 1941
Kaiulani set sail for Durban under the com-
mand of a cantankerous Swede named
Hjalmar Wigsten.
After discharging cargo at Durban
the
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005107/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
June 8, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
when Pittsburgh was at home and Cleve- broadcasting system. By Public Law
land was on the road, _ 87-529, the Congress amended the Com-
-;iVlareover, additional competition to munications Act of 1934 to grant to the
the. UI4k televiislq stations is being de- Federal Communications Commission
veloped from L V systems. These the authority to require that all television
CATV systems would be able to bring sets shipped in interstate commerce con-
into local areas sports programs which taro all available television channels in-
are eliminated on UHF television broad- eluding both UHF and VHF. The aim
casts because of the blackout rules. of this legislation was designed to im-
THE GROWTH of vHF prove the competitive position of UHF
The proposed legislation is in accord television stations so that there could be
with the established congressional intent an effective intermixed system of both
to foster the development of UHF tele- UHF and VHF within the United
vision broadcasting as a means for treat- States-Senate Report. No. 1526, May 24,
Ing a truly nationwide and competitive 1962, title 1, United States Code, . Con-
A3091
gressional ,& Administration News, 1962,
page 1879. =
Moreover, this proposed legislation
would support the Federal Communica-
tions Commission action in recently re-
vising the UHF-TV assignment table.
The FCC stated:
Revision paves the way for more and wider
dispersion of TV service over UHF channels-
now the only avenue for TV broadcast ex-
pansion. (Public Notice 79741 as released
by the FCC on February 9, 1966.)
Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD a
list of the UHF channels that are af-
fected by this proposed legislation:
UHF channels in areas between 40 and 75 miles of major league cities (football, baseball, basketball, and hockey)
City and State
UHF
channels
allocated
CP's or licenses
-
City and State
UHF
channels
allocated
CP's or licenses
Los Angeles:
Buffalo:
San Bernardino, Calif_________
18
1_CP (KITR) and I application, peed-
.Jamestown, N.Y-------------
- 26
2applications pending forJamestown.
30
mg for San Bernardino.
Rochester, N.Y---------------
31
Ventura, Calif_______________
16
61
San Francisco-Oakland:
New York City:
Modesto, Calif________________
S
C
lif
17
FLOC-TV (CP).
l
i
f
Bridgeport, Conn_____________
1
43
acramento,
_ ___________
a
16
ications pend
ng
or Sacramento.
2 app
New I avers, C0
1111 -----------
59
2applications pending for New Haven.
Santa Rosa Calif_____________
40
60
KIICD (CP).
Waterbury, Conn_____________
Patchoquc
N.Y-
-
20
67
WATR-TV (license).
Stockton, dalif_______________
19
,
-
-----------
Riverhead, MY --------------
55
58
Cleveland:
Denver:
Colorado Springs, Colo_______
21
Ashtabula, Ohio______________
Canton, Ohio________________
15
17
WICA-TV (CP).
WJAN (CP).
Fort Collins, Colo____________
Atlanta:
22
Sandusky, Ohio --------------
23
51
1 application pending for Canton.
Athens, Ga___________________
Macon, Ga___________________
34
24
1 application pending for Macon.
Youngstown, Ohio___________
21
27
WFMJ-TV (license).
WBKN-TV (license).
Rome, Ga-------- _-----------
Chicago:
41
14
33
45
WYTV (license).
Application, Dynamic Broadcasting
South Bend, Ind______________
16
WNDU-TV (license).
Cincinnati:
Co
22
WSBT-TV (license).
Dayton, Ohio ________________
16
Racine, Wis__________________
46
49
Springfield, Ohio_____________
22
26
WKEF-TV (license).
WSWO-TV (CP).
Boston:
Philadelphia:
New Bedford Mass__________
Concord, N.d----------------
28
21
Atlantic City, N.J_-----------
Wildwood
N
J
53
40
WHTO-TV (quit air in 1954).
WC
C
T
Manchester, N,H_____________
60
,
.
---------------
Allentown, Pa________________
69
M
-
V (license).
WLEV-TV (quit air in 1957).
Portsmouth, N.H------------
60
17
Bethleharn, Pa_______________
Lancaster_____________________
60
15
WLYII-TV (license).
Providence, R.I------------- _
16
WNET (quit air in 1956).
Lebanon, Pa__________________
59
Detroit:
64
Reading, Pa-----------------
York, Pa_____________________
51
43
WSBA-TV (license).
Jackson, Mich________________
18
1 application pending for Jackson.
49
Port HugQn, Mich____________
T
l
Ohi
44
Pittsburgh:
o
edo,
o_________________
24
64
WDIIO-TV (CP).
Application, Rustcraft Broadcasting
Johnstown Pa ___a ___________
Fairmont, W. V______
19
66
WARD-TV (license).
Co.
Wheeling, W. Va_____________
14
Minneapolis: St. Cloud, Minn... __
60
19
Dallas: Sherman, Tex ------------
41
20
Kansas City:
41
Houston: Beaumont, Tex_________
Green Bay:
21
St. Joseph, Mo --------
16
Fond du Lac, Wis_-________
34
Topeka, Vans________________
22
29
2 applications pending for Topeka.
Sheboygan, Wis--------------
78
58
Mr. Speaker, in conclusion I include
the text of H.R. 15424 and H.R. 15460 in
my remarks; as follows:
H.R. 15424
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That section
2 of the Act entitled "An Act to amend the
antitrust laws to authorize leagues of profes-
sional football, baseball, basketball, and
hockey teams to enter into certain television
contracts, and for other purposes", approved
September 30, 1961 (15 U.S.C. 1292), is
amended to read as follows:
"SEc. 2. Section 1 of this Act shal not
apply to any joint agreement described in
section 1 of this Act which prohibits any
person to whom such rights are sold or trans-
ferred from televising any games within any
area, except within the home territory of a
member club of the league on a day when
such club Is playing a game at home: Pro-
vided, however, That the last exception shall
no apply In the case of an ultrahigh fre-
. quency television broadcasting station the
transmitter of which is located more than
forty miles from the main post office of the
city of the game site."
H.R. 15460
Be rt enacted by the Senate and House of
of Representatives of the United' States of
America in Congress assembled, That section
2 of the Act entitled "An Act to amend the
antitrust laws to authorize leagues of profes-
sional football, baseball, basketball, and
hockey teams to enter into certain television
contracts, and for other purposes", approved
September 30, 1961 (15 U.S.C. 1292), is
amended to read as follows:
"SEc. 2. Section 1 of this Act shall not
apply to any joint agreement described in
section 1 of this Act which prohibits any
person to whom such rights are sold or trans-
ferred from televising any games within any
area, -except within the home territory of a
member club of the league on a day when
such club is playing a game at home: Pro-
vided, however, That the last exception shall
not apply in the case of an ultrahigh fre-
quency television broadcasting station the
transmitter of which Is located more than
forty miles from the main post office of the
city of the game site."
Supplies to the Vietcong
OF REMAR
KS
U
HON. JACK FEDWARDS
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, there is growing evidence of the
importance of Cambodia in funneling
supplies to the Vietcong in South Viet-
nam.
It has already been pointed out that
ships are reaching Cambodia's capital
city of Pnompenh by traveling on the
Mekong River directly across South Viet-
nam itself.
Supplies can also be off-loaded at the
port city of Sihanoukville from where
they can travel inland on a road built
with heavy investments of American aid.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 A3092
Approved For Release 2005/07/13: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX June 8, 1966
Now comes news that 100 supply trucks
a month are moving through Cambodia
with materials to support the Vietcong.
The article as it appears in the Christian
Science Monitor for June 1 follows:
LAOTIAN SAYS REDS USE TRAIL To SUPPLY
VIETCONG
((By Reuters)
VIETIANNE, Leos.- Gen. Thao Ma, Lao, Air
Force commander, asserts 100 supply trucks
a month are passing along what he calls "the
Sihanouk Trail" through northern Cambodia
to the Vietcong guerrillas in South Vietnam.
Traffic on this reported new route-named
after Cambodian Chief of State Prince No-
rodom Sihanouk-is expected by Lao mili-
tary sources to increase,` with the so-called
He Chi Minh Trail through southern Laos
under frequent attack.
Neutral Cambodia has strongly denied al-
legations that its territory is being used by
North Vietnam for aggression against the
south. Cambodia has told Britain and the
Soviet Union-cochairmen of the 1954 Gen-
eva conference on Indochina-that it will
defend its frontiers against 'any violation and
may ask for the help of friendly countries.
Cambodia also reserved the right to ap-
peal to the United Nations General Assem-
bly or any other international organization
against a reported United States decision to
authorize American forces in South Vietnam
to fire across the Cambodian border in self-
defense.
The State Department protested this month
to Cambodia that Viet Cong troops were us-
ing Cambodian territory to launch attacks
against United States forces in South Viet-
nam.
General Ma said the Communists are bring-
ing supplies into Cambodia by sea, then send-
ing them by barge and truck up the Se Kong
River into Laos.
Fruits of the Interparliamentary Union
Conference at Canberra
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. W. R. POAGE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 8, 1966
Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, while in
Canberra attending a conference of the
Interparliamentary Union last month, it
was my privilege to meet and greet one
of our former colleagues, the Honorable
Omalio Osias, once Resident Commis-
sioner from the Philippines to the U.S.
Congress. Those of us who knew him
remember him as a great and a forceful
patriot. Today he is a senator of the
Republic of the Philippines. As such, he
represented his country at the Canberra
conference.
During the years, Senator Osias has
lost none of his fervor, his logic, or his
patriotism. He delivered one of the
great speeches of the conference in sup-
port of the American position. More
recently, he spoke to his own people on
the floor of the Philippine Senate in the
course of debate on a bill to expand the
Philippine aid in Vietnam. This speech
was so cogent and so forceful that I ask
unanimous consent to include excerpts
therefrom at this time:
Mr. President, what I am about to say may
be rather Controversial. It may invite criti-
cism of my humble person. I will say
bluntly and without reserve that one rea-
son that moves me to support the Vietnam
aid is my will and desire to lend cooperation
to the United States of America. It will be
said that I am one of the puppets of Amer-
ica. I am past the age when I am onion-
skinned. I have been toughened by Qbsta-
eles, difficulties, sufferings. I know that
from the Communists circles I may be cited
by the statement I am about to make as a
stooge of the United States. Over and above,
possible adverse criticisms directed against
me I follow the dictates of my conscience
and express my gratitude to the American
government and people of the United States.
I do not want the Filipinos to be ungrateful
to America. And I regret that there are
some demonstrators who have given the
wrong impression that the Filipinos may be
anti-American. I deny that there is anti-
Americanism on the part of the Filipino
people. There is pro-Filipinism, yes. I am
of that persuasion.
One placard carried by some misguided
demonstrators had this slogan: "America
Destroyer of Human Liberty." That is not
an expression emanating from the hearts of
thinking Filipinos. The correct slogan
should be "America Defender of Human
Liberty." That is borne out by the facts of
history.
The young people who demonstrated in
Manila for or against the Vietnam Bill merit
praise and respect because no group resorted
to violence. The opponents were not unduly
influenced by foreign Communist agitators
who slipped into the city to organize leftists
and demonstrators. They only managed to
inject some indecorous, denunciatory utter-
ances and arouse some hatred against
America and its supposed imperialistic de-
signs. I am constrained to say to the youth
that they are not in the right direction when
they develop hate toward men and nations
who are sympathetic and helpful to our peo-
ple. It Is disservice to weaken and not
strengthen amity among nations that cherish
ideals and aspirations identical with ours.
Mr. President, I just came back from par-
ticipation in the Inter-Parliamentary meet-
ing at Canberra, Australia. I was impressed
and I was also distressed by the concerted
attacks of the Communist Delegates led by
those from the Soviet Union attacking Amer-
ica and her allies as imperialists. As long
as the attacks were concentrated upon Amer-
ica, I did not feel called, upon to reply
because the American Delegates were there
to defend themselves. But when they ac-
cused America and her allies as being im-
perialistic, I felt the Philippines was alluded
to and I thought I would be remiss in my
duty if I did not take up the cudgels. Si-
lence may be interpreted as assent.
I spoke before the parliamentarians of
many countries in Canberra, Australia, as a
Philippine Delegate in defense of the com-
mon stand of the Republic of the United
States and the Republic of the Philippines
on the Vietnam conflict. The charge of im-
perialism against "America and her allies"
clearly included the Philippines. I repeated
the Spanish adage, "Dime con quien andas y
to dire quien eres." Tell me with whom you
associate and I will tell you who you are. I
made no secret of my friendship and respect
for the United States of America with which
the Philippines is associated on the most
friendly and intimate terns. I said it is ri-
diculous for the Communist group to con-
sider the Philippines, a country relatively
small, weak, and poor, a country operating
under a Constitution committed to peace, a
country whose greatest hero and martyr,
Rizal, was a man of peace, as imperialistic.
I likewise said then and there and I say
here and now that America by her record in
the Philippines can not be Said to be im-
perialistic. She is to be admired for sending
over 200,000 of the consummate flower of her
manhood to fight in a war in the Oriental
theater. She is after no conquest of terri-
tory. She is not Spending millions for sell-
aggrandizement. She is in an undertaking
in the defense of a cause, in the pursuit of an
ideal more precious than property or ll:te.
We were critical of American policy that was
primarily Europe oriented. We ought to
commend her now that America's policy is
Asia oriented.
On the eve of our making a fateful deci-
sion I desire to emphasize friendship and
cooperation with the United States of Amer-
ica as a vital part of my stand in favor of the
Vietnam Bill which provides for our sending
an engineering construction team with se-
curity support. Permit me to touch on some
points which are pertinent to our delibera-
tion based upon experience and matters that
spring from knowledge of the facts which I
positively know.
In the United States there are a great many
foreign students. One university student in
New York City coming from a Communist
Country one day wanted to go across the
Hudson River to visit a friend. Accustomed
to the practices in her totalitarian native
land she went to a police officer and said, "I
wish to ask a permit to go to New Jersey."'
The police officer said, "What for?"
"Well," she said, "that is what we have to
do in my country."
The officer very good naturedly said, "Go
right ahead, my dear young lady. You do
not need any such permit in this country."
This incident is brought to the fore at
this juncture to underscore contrasting con-
ditions in a totalitarian country and a free
democracy. I was one of the early pen-
sionados or government students sent to the
United States during America's administra-
tion of Philippine affairs under Hon. William
H. Taft, then Governor-General of the Phil-
ippines. I believe the Filipino students sent
to America at the expense of our govern-
ment will testify that all of us were given
absolute freedom. There was no regulation
of our movement; there was no effort to
regiment our minds; there was no attempt to
exercise thought control. We could go
where we wanted to go; we could take
courses or subjects we wanted to take; we
Could express verbally or in writing the
sentiments that we pleased. And yet that
was an investment of America because by
the grant and observance of freedom, the
students came back better Filipinos and at
the same time admirers of America, her peo-
ple, and her institutions.
Then I had the good fortune of being
elected Philippine Resident Commissioner to
fight for our rights, for our interests, for our
freedom and independence in the Congress
of the United States. My first week in the
United States House of Representatives wit-
nessed my participating in a rough-arid-
tumble debate because the distinguished
Congressman from Colorado, Mr. Timber-
lake, was defending a bill to exclude Philip-
pine sugar from the American market. I
arose and fought that bill. I said that was
not in keeping with democratic justice-the
author was a Democrat-that was not in
keeping with republican justice. I think
the majority at that time were Republicans,
and that was not in keeping with American
justice.
I fought the plan of excluding Philippine
sugar because, I said, Americans cannot do
that justly and fairly, for that would be
discriminating against Philippine products
while all American products go free of duty
and without limitation to my country. I
was fighting on the floor of the House of
Representatives consisting of 450 members
or thereabouts against a Congressman who
was an American protecting American in-
terests.
The majority of the members of Congress
saw the justice of the Philippine stand and
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RD0671300446R000400080015-4 12043
June 8, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
statement that
He eats everything, sleeps like a baby and STILL SOME ANACIDONISMS our job, and the job of
his-'only concession to the years is to have -Sure, big industry, is dealing with labor the ti agrees e with him that there
weeded down "slightly" a pipe collection that in a much more civilized way and unions
once numbered 138. The hundred or so left are smarter in not pulling off every strike can be no easy or instant solutions. Dis-
still permit application to tobacco during all that they threaten. But you still have a lot semion among elements of the South
waking moments. of labor unions that preach enmity; you Vietnamese among elements
fact more obvious. make A lifetime devoted to the impossible art of still have a lot of hard-nosed people on the yet, the newspaper tells us, there have
making people get along with each other, a management side who want to punish some- been recent signs that the situation may
lifetime In which he became America's most body for something,
famous, skillful and esteemed mediator of "Trouble is, if you had them swap places- not be as difficult as it has seemed. And
disputes between labor and management, has labor for management and management for the editorial reminds us that the prob-
left Cy Ching with few illusions about either. labor-each would act just like the other lems that would result if we dared to
He is not cynical, but neither is he romantic. does. Human nature hasn't changed in 3000 withdraw from Vietnam would be far
Ching tends to agree with the current years, and I don't see any problems now that more dangerous than the risks posed by
lament that the labor movement is no longer weren't present 50 years ago." our presence.
the source of the scintillating new social and So how to work toward -a solution? We did not flinch when the Japanese
economic philosophy and theory that it was Ching's answer, not unnaturally, takes the
In the New Deal, 30 years ago. form of a commercial for the institution of swept across the oannc, tflin he h spaper
The reason, he suspects, is that labor lead- the mediator. declar, And we ers now have such vested interest in their "A lot of unions have lost prestige in feel- cause the stakes are the same.
jobs, and members are so exclusively co ing that every time they have a dispute, I ask unanimous consent that the Daily
or they have to strike. But in modern days, News editorial be printed at this point in
cerned with a monetary quid pro pro quo for
their dues-a "nickel-in-the-slot mentality," the strike method is often outdated.
Ching calls it-that dedication to a cause "Mind you, I wouldn't have strikes out- the a RECORD.
being no objection, the editorial
has become a thing of the past. As a result, jawed. But there are other ways of solving
unions do not enjoy the public esteem they disputes. For instance, contracts should be was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
once had. written to provide arbitration as a terminal as follows:
"I'm afraid the labor movement doesn't point to disagreement. [From the Washington Daily News,
have the impact on society it used to," "And more and more, the parties should May 23, 19661
Ching observes. "When the AFL and the bring in mediators during the dispute. The HARD, HARD DECISIONS
CIO were in competition, it led to some ef- parties should select two or three impartial
fervescent thought. Their merger was a outsiders to come in and give them advice President Johnson Saturday said this:
good thing, but now that they go along the and counsel while the dispute is going on, "The South Vietnamese are trying to build n the teeth
same line, something has been lost." before the bitter end, when tempers are afa nation. They haveff ortse tto this ine country
For the future, Ching sees a hard row for boiling and positions are frozen.
unions to hoe. The number of factory pro- "A lot of marriages have been saved by over by force. It is a hard and frustrating
duction workers tends to decline even as pro- job and there is no easy answer, no instant
the marriage counselor." solution, to any of the problems they face."
c ieal with more mee THE 1912 SALVAGE Jos Mr. Johnson easily could have paraphrased
ta he and d tech f nelogicogical I mprthements.W Wheerre principle. Ching should have hung up that statement from our own point of view:
more is in the to organize. a trades, In which eh much difficult has to ke his hat long years ago and devoted the rest We are trying to help the South Vietna-
the laboaxe r much grows
care management htaken better of his life to salmon fishing, which he adores. mese build a nation in the teeth of commu-
gues. of the white-collar workers," Ching ar- Heaven knows he plowed in the vineyards es aggression, teterrorism and all-out war.
gues. "It's therefore harder to organize for a long time. That, in Itself, is hard and frustrating, for
t,em. Besides, they don't seem to want to It began In 1912, after the disastrous Bor.- us and for the South and frustrat. It is
jeopardize that monthly pay check by having ton Elevated Railway strike, when the de- much and for
and much more frustrating b s har a fight. The blue-collar workers were more feated company promoted Ching to labor much of der riotous dissension among be-
courageous." adviser in the hope that he could salvage Sca the outh Vietnamese themselves.
Not that Ching is in favor of strikes. Far something from the ruins. He did, and went Obviously, there are no easy answers, no
from it; he thinks there are too many today, on to do the same for United States Rubber, Instant solutions, either to the answers, of
of
even though there are fewer than there used and In the process became the Nation's most communist start sons, eith or to the turmoil
to be. As Ching sees it, this is what has hap- highly esteemed management-labor relations
pined among the South Vietnamese.
: counselor. This mnfinitely hard decisions to be
isio
Modern institutions much improved over still representing management, he went on made means e a s Washington-and in Saigon.
the past, are able to cope with what used to the National Defense Mediation Board in The natural reaction to recent develop-
economic the difficult problems-fights over basic 1941 and then to the War Labor Board. But
economic issues, such as wages and hours. after the war, he graduated to being not ments in Viet Nam is to think: Well, if the
Moreover, the plaguing question of union management's man but the public's man, Vietnamese, who have the most at stake, why security is largely solved; union fear that and became the director of the Federal Medi- can't unite
notfighti ghomeir wown war, ithdraw our
management will destroy their organizations ation and Conciliation Service. That labor
has virtually disappeared. accepted a former management man in that troops? y has
ham Testimony to the efficacy of unions and position was testimony enough to his repu- The he B ?ddhiist rebellion
ervidf dentlthe Da Nang
management acceptance of them, comes from tation for impartiality. Pe wa.
the relative ease of labor relations in the He left the job in 1952, but he was back Buddhists may end the rebellion, at least for
harness the next year as the impartial a while. If it should go on to become a
new industries that have developed in the He
atomic age since the war. director of a Government board to handle full-scale conflict, It could be suicidal. The
"It's pretty happened terrifying is to there hadn't what disputes in the atomic energy industry. As United States and other allies might have
might have 't been late as 1961, he pulled off a sensational set- no choice except to pull out.
Cho stabiizing influence of the unions," tlement of a dispute at the Hanford, Wash., But the time for that decision is not yet.
Ching says. s atomic plant. Already there are signs-small ones, yes, but
But today's problems are different and He is still on the job. With his apartment reported by competent newsmen-that the
are not being very anialfully dealt with either as office, he works anywhere from a few situation may not be quite as impossible as
by labor or by magemenpressure The of tech- is hours to a full day, five days a week, as labor it has seemed. Bluster and foment may be
developments-auto- - relations consultant. His clients are from evidence of the ambition of the Buddhist
job security under the
nation, labor-saving t-hae-ou. management. trouble-makers, but not necessarily of their
oration, dea of forcing indu try you. lasting strength.
pie on the job regardless "I'm mostly in disagreement with them ,t "
company fny invest- pegvest-- Ching gr "but you'd better al The risks of continued U.S. presence in
regardl iess ndu of stry to
"The idea of
ppp
at j'wls amiably, problems which would follow withdrawal
anent in improved production machinery is say th Viet Nam patently are hazardous. But the
shortsighted w the ness of labor. But man- r?V` would be far more dangerous. We cannot
run, to new face mtheachinery is problem HARD DECISIONS desert Thailand, or Malaysia. The price of
that, in t's the unwillingness
that, yielding to communist aggression is either
going to cost the jobs of a certain number of Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, I more yielding or a greater war.
employes-and that something has to be want to call attention to an editorial in It is hard, frustrating, and costly. So it
done for those who are hurt-is equally the Washington Daily News which em- was when the Japanese swept the Pacific.
shWh t'ssen.Herded a realization on the part phasizes this certainty about our stand We did not flinch then. We cannot flinch
"
"What' now, because the stakes, in the lonk run,
have ive tand management that they in Vietnam: The News~cits President Johnson's are the same.
have to live together.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 12044
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 8, 1966
tion of a most fascinating office: the
ombudsman. As I have informed my
colleagues on many occasions, the om-
budsman is a form of citizens' defender;
he is the man who fights city hall. Often,
the cases and complaints which come to
the ombudsman are trivial, but justice
is never a trivial matter.
Several weeks ago, I complimented the
Evening Star's "Action Line" column and
said that this column is today the near-
est thing the District has to an ombuds-
man. I also stated that I intend to pro-
pose a bill which would create an official
ombudsman for the District of Colum-
bia. This bill is very near completion.
WTOP radio and television has recent-
ly run a number of editorials urging the
creation of an ombudsman here in the
District of Columbia. Jack Jurey, speak-
ing for WTOP, calls the ombudsman a
"public protector." I support and shall
introduce a bill to create such an om-
budsman, the public protector that
WTOP refers to. It should be made
perfectly clear, however, that an om-
budsman is not a substitute for local self-
government for the District of Columbia.
I voted for the Senate-passed home rule
bill and will continue to support princi-
ples of local self-government.
I ask unanimous consent to insert at
this point_'n the RECORD the editorials
referred to.
There being no objection, the editorials
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[This editorial was broadcast on June 2 and
3, 1966, over WTOP radio and television]
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PUBLIC PROTECTOR-I
This is a WTOP Editorial.
Since about two out of three people who
live in the District weren't born here, the
residents of this community need all the help
they can get in dealing with their municipal
authorities. Even a native-born Washing-
tonian has trouble understanding how this
city runs.
What we have, of course, is a board of over
lords appointed by the President; a federal
judiciary with many independent ideas; a
school board which apparently is responsible
to no one; an astounding proliferation of
boards, agencies and commissions, many of
which never meet; various and sundry con-
gressmen who are enmeshed in District af-
fairs for one reason or another; and, helping
support the whole structure, a DC bureauc-
racy consisting of thousands of employes
who have come to understand that, under the
present scheme of things, what the ordinary
Washington citizen may want has very low
priority.
It is asking entirely too much to expect
that ordinary citizen to grapple with the
mechanism of local DC government. Too
many officials don't really care about his
problems; too many functionaries are out to
lunch; too much paper is shuffled too rapidly
for any constructive assistance. The only
solution we can see--short of an elected
local government under which the Individual
would mean something-is a Public Pro-
tector. This would be a man, paid from pub-
lic funds, who would have the authority to
receive and act on citizen complaints of
official abuses and transgressions. The Pub-
lic Protector idea is nothing new there have
been such Individuals in Scandinavia since
about the beginning of the nineteenth
century. Because Washington, D.C., has a
local government with a nineteenth century
flavor, now seems a good time to adopt the
Public Protector concept.
This was a WTOP Editorial, Jack Jurey
speaking for WTOP.
(This editorial was broadcast on June 3 and
4. 1966, over WTOP radio and television]
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PUBLIC PROTECTOR-II
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, an edi-
torial in the June 7 Issue of the Morning
News of Wilmington, Del? makes the
point that churches have found pollu-
tion of our air and water relevant to the
1,500-year-old tradition of praying for
a bountiful harvest.
The comment which the editorial cites
indicates how widespread is the national
concern for cleaning up air and water
pollution.
This national concern is also reflected
In the sincere efforts of the Special Sub-
committee on Air and Water Pollution
to provide the best possible tools to deal
with the problem.
Because of its relevance, I ask unani-
mous consent that the editorial entitled
"The Church Versus Pollution" be in-
serted at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Wilmington Morning News,- Julie
7, 1966]
THE CHURCH VERSUS POLLUTION
One of the favorite words in religious cir-
cles nowadays is "relevant." Churchmen are
constantly telling each other that If they
want anybody to listen, they must make the
church's message relevant to modern times,
Now there has come to our desk a church
pronouncement that seems about as relevant
as a church announcement can get.
It comes from Fortress Press and it was
designed for use as the back page of congre-
gational bulletins on Rogate Sunday about
three weeks ago.
First it tells how that particular Sunday
became an occasion of prayers for a bounti-
ful harvest, a tradition that dates back to
the year 452. Then it proceeds to make the
1,500-year-old tradition relevant:
"Since that time, man has improved his
stewardship of the soil, and we stand blessed
today with abundant harvests. But what of
the rest of man's God-given environment--
land, air, water and their natural beauty?
"Across the nation, wells are running dry,
reservoirs are depleted, fish are dying, beaches
are unsafe for bathing and communities ra-
tion water. Yet man heedlessly dumps over
a million gallons of waste every second into
the nation's waterways.
"This irresponsible stewardship has suc-
ceeded in polluting every major river system
and earned the caricature of 'a man worried
about water, standing knee-deep in sewage
and shooting rockets at the moon.' As the
crisis intensifies, let us heed the call to
prayer, join the effort to remove waste and
restore to natural purity the abundance of
water God wishes to provide for all."
Some people who believe the church
should stay out of political issues may react
unfavorably, but others will be happy to see
a moral issue drawn on a subject where
communities too often drag their feet.
We happen to believe the word-picture of
modern man standing knee deep in sewage is
overdrawn, and that it is an over-simplifica-
tion to describe every imperfect sewage sys-
tem as irresponsible stewardship. But we
share the desire for unpolluted water sys-
tems as a national goal and welcome the
interest of religious leaders in this national
problem.
OMBUDSMAN FOR THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
for several months, the Senate Subcom-
mittee on Administrative Practice and
Procedure has been studying the opera-
This is a WTOP Editorial.
Question: Who speaks for the citizens of
the District of Columbia?
Answer: Nobody. Not really and officially.
The resident of this beleaguered enclave
of authoritarianism quickly learns several
lessons if he attempts to deal directly with
District of Columbia government. First, that
it is always difficult and sometimes virtually
impossible to reach the official directly in-
volved in a citizen's complaint. Second, that
the official, if he is finally 'located, Is too
often unresponsive to some of the normal
pressures of public office.
In any other American city, a taxpayer may
call his mayor or councilman and place a
detailed, specific complaint about some error
of commission or omission, That taxpayer
may be sure that his complaint will receive
attention because there is a vote involved.
Nothing moves a politician quite so quickly
as the prospect of gaining or losing a vote.
In the District there are the District of Co-
lumbia Commissioners, two civilians, one
military. These gentlemen are estimable, no
doubt, but are not chosen by Washington
citizens. They are appointed by the Presi-
dent, not elected by the people. Consequent-
ly the District Building's response time to
the wishes of Washingtonians is lethargic.
Indeed, one of the Commissioners' prime
functions is to close their doors and lower
their window shades so as to make basic de-
cisions concerning this city well away from
the scrutiny of the inhabitants most directly
concerned.
At the White House, the President's District
of Columbia adviser has an office, but is only
fleetingly in touch with day-by-day opera-
tions of District government. On the Hill,, the
congressional panjandrums are, for the most
part, aloof from run-of-the-mill District of
Columbia problems.
Meantime, the District of Columbia bu-
reaucracy grinds along-making decisions
and issuing orders, shielded by platoons of
secretaries and assistants.
There is little help for Washington resi-
dents there-which is why this city, perhaps
more than any other on the North American
continent, needs a Public Protector to help
safeguard the little guy from a big city, non-
representative government.
This was a WTOP Editorial, Jack Jurey
speaking for WTOP.
[This editorial was broadcast on June 5 and
6, 1966, over WTOP radio and television
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PUBLIC PROTECTOR-III
This is a WTOP Editorial.
We've been talking the last several days
about the need to establish a Public Pro-
tector's office in the District of Columbia.
What is a Public Protector? In those coun-
tries where the concept has been tested-in-
eluding Sweden and New Zealand-a Public
Protector (or Ombudsman) has various def-
nitions. He is a "guardian of the rights of
citizens in their relation with the public
authorities." He has "a healthy preventive
influence upon officials who might tend to
be high-handed, arrogant, negligent or for-
getful of the limits of their powers."
Each public protectorship must be tailored
to circumstances and Washington, D.C., with
a unique lack of self-determination; would
have to establish its own ground rules.
To our way of thinking, the District of Co-
lumbia Protector ought to have a broad grant
of authority.
He should have an office in some central
location, probably the District Building.
He should have a staff adequate to handle
the load of complaints and investigations.
He should be a free agent. He should not
be under anyone's thumb. He should have
access to any official of District government
on any matter relating to that official's duties.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
June 8, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
He should have the right to recommend to
the Commissioners any changes and reforms
he thinks necessary.
He should have the right to examine offi-
cial DC records and make whatever inquiries
he thinks necessary.
He should be free to publicize whatever he
thinks necessary in the performance of his
duties.
This Public Protector, In short, would be a
powerful and effective intermediary between
the people of the District and their present
unrepresentative government. Lacking home
rule, the residents of this city at least would
have a champion of their own, not a series
of disinterested appointees.
This was a WTOP Editorial, Jack Jurey
speaking for WTOP.
[This editorial was broadcast on June 6 and
7, 1966, over WTOP radio and television]
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PUBLIC PROTECTOR-IV
This Is a WTOP Editorial.
Sometime within the next several days
Senator EDWARD LONG of Missouri will intro-
duce a bill calling for the creation of a Dis-
trict of Columbia Ombudsman. Ombudsman
Is a Swedish word meaning representative,
in this base a person assigned to represent
individuals in their dealings with bureauc-
racy. We prefer the term Public Protector,
which we've been using in. our editorials of
the last several days.
Under the terms of the Long bill, the DC
Public Protector-or Ombudsman-would be
appointed by the President for a three-year
term and would receive a salary of $25,000 a
year.
His duties would be to receive complaints
from DC residents about the operations of
their government, investigate whether those
complaints are justified and do what he can
to correct matters. He could make specific
recommendations to the DC commissioners
or to Congress and could publicize any of
his findings.
This, in effect, is a way for the ordinary
man to communicate with and make an im-
pression on those who conduct the DC gov-
ernment. As we all know, that government
is now immune to many citizen pressures
because the District is governed by autoc-
racy, not democracy. If any city needs a
Public Protector for its local citizenry, Wash-
ington is it.
The Public Protector bill will go either to
the Senate District Committee or to the Ad-
ministrative Practices and Procedures Sub-
committee, of which Senator LONG is chair-
map. Either way, We'd like to have hearings
held to see if the public supports the Public
Protector idea for Washington.
This was a WTOP editorial, Jack Jurey
VIETNAM
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
when we hear so much criticism of our
efforts to help the South Vietnamese
maintain their independence, it is grati-
fying to see evidence of support for our
position there. The communicants of
the Aldersgate Methodist Church in
Chelmsford, Mass., have expressed their
feelings in a most heartening affirmation
of belief in the principles for which we
are fighting. This statement of position
appeared in the Lowell Sun on May 11
and I call it to the attention of my col-
leagues. It expresses very well I think
the essence of why we are in Vietnam
and I ask unanimous consent to have it
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
No. 94-13
STATEMENT oN' POSITION: METHODISTS TAKE
STAND ON Viur NAM
(From the Aldersgate Methodist Church)
CHELMSFORD.-We believe that commu-
nism, as practiced in the world today, is
a categorically evil thing: a godless ideol-
ogy based upon the subjugation of the will
of each individual to an all-powerful totali-
tarian state. We believe that present-day
communism is diametrically opposed to
Christianity, and that the two have always
been and are now totally incompatible.
We believe that a fundamental and un-
changing goal of the Communist party is the
establishment of a worldwide Communist
society, and that the Communist party Is
using every means at its disposal-psycho-
logical, economic and military-to further
this goal. We believe that the Viet Cong
and the military forces of North Viet Nam
are instruments of this international Com-
munist conspiracy, dedicated to the estab-
lishment of a Communist state In South Viet
Nam against the will of the South Viet-
namese people.
We believe in the morality of the Truman
Doctrine of Containment; we believe that
the United States government has not only
a moral right but a moral obligation to
counter the forces of Communist aggression
anywhere In the world when it is apparent
that the local government is unable to pre-
vent its overthrow through its own efforts,
and that the United States is fully justified
in using military force If necessary to pre-
vent Communist takeover of a non-Commu-
nist country.
We believe that only the presence of United
States military forces in South Viet Nam
now prevents an imminent Communist take-
over of that country. We believe that United
States withdrawal from South Viet Nam
would in effect deliver the lives of millions of
Vietnamese people into the hands of the
believe that such action would be grossly No sane businessman would dream of
immoral. structuring a corporation which has obligated
ment's stated objectives in Southeast Asia.
We believe that the Vietnamese people must
be protected against a Communist takeover
of their country. We believe that it is im-
perative that the people of South Viet Nam
be free to determine their own form of
government. We believe that the course of
action being followed by our government in
Viet Nam is necessary to prevent the
strengthening of the Communist position in
Southeast Asia.
We do not condemn the actions of our
government in Viet Nam. Rather, we thank
God that our leaders have the insight to
recognize the dangers of the international
Communist conspiracy and the determina-
tion to prevent the addition of one more
acre of land or one more human life to the
sphere of Communist domination.
A MAYOR TELLS HOW TO MODERN-
IZE AMERICA'S CITIES
Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, Mr. Her-
man W. Goldner, mayor of St. Peters-
burg, Fla., has written a thought-provok-
ing article on the fiscal problems of
American cities in the April issue of Na-
tion's Business. Titled "A Mayor Tells
How To Modernize America's Cities," the
article has some interesting observations
regarding Federal, State, and local re-
sponsibilities for metropolitan problems
and alternative suggestions for meeting
those problems.
Mayor Goldner is a member of the Ad-
visory Commission on Intergovernmental
Relations and of the Board of Trustees
of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. He is
12045
a businessman-attorney, now serving his
third term as mayor of St. Petersburg.
His article deserves the attention of
Members of Congress and State and local
leaders. I ask unanimous consent that
it be printed in the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From Nation's Business, April 19661
A MAYOR TELLS How To MODERNIZE AMERICA'S
CITIES
President Johnson wants "a massive pro-
gram," to attack the problems of America's
cities including "demonstration cities" In
slum sectors and model communities in the
suburbs, teacher corps in slum areas, rent
subsidies and anti crime and anti pollution
programs for urban areas. This is all in ad-
dition to an array of existing programs.
Against this background, Nation's Business
presents the views of an authority who feels
federal efforts are best devoted to enabling
localities to solve their own problems.
Too many of our ailing cities today are
calling for massive doses of federal aid as a
cure-all, complaining bitterly that they do
not have the resources to heal their own
maladies.
They are wrong. They have potential
cures at hand if they will honestly seek them
out.
Most of our urban areas are stopped
tantalizingly near to solutions by archaic
laws and equally out-of-date thinking. They
need not only more money but new systems
and tools-from super-cities to computers-
to help meet people's needs.
If most of the nation's municipal govern-
ments were private corporations, they would
be out of business when the next payroll
comes due because they cannot build the
fiscal and organizational resources needed to
ices, maintenance and capital improvements
without adequate income.
No sane businessman would consider
forming a corporation which must rely upon
its "competitors" for revenue.
Yet municipal governments, as they exist
today, are comparable to private firms which
have gone into business without the ability
to sustain their endeavors financially.
Our cities and urban areas must rely pri-
marily upon sources of income already
tapped by their "competitors" in govern-
ment-the county, state and federal systems.
And when our cities find they cannot
function fiscally, they begin to call loudly
for help and too often the first call is for
federal cash and lots of it.
Our cities, often neglected In the past by
unsympathetic state legislatures, expect
some return on the federal taxes paid by
their citizens.
Massive federal aid, however, can mean
an atrophying of municipal self-reliance. It
causes a breakdown in planning to meet
future needs; the feeling is that "if we run
into trouble we can always go to Wash-
ington and hook onto some program or
other."
It leads, furthermore, to a distortion in
allocation of local resources on a sound pri-
ority basis. The temptation is great to con-
centrate local spending on projects for which
federal grants are available, regardless of
need.
Urban problems must be solved at the
urban level. The federal government should
lend financial assistance only in those areas
meeting basic criteria, the most important
being that an honest local effort has failed.
This is not to deny Washington's responsi-
bility, which exists if only because federal
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R0004000a0015-4
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
12046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
spendtig ultimately taps the same till as
local government. But straight substitu-
tion of federal programs for local programs
is wrong.
The true federal responsibility, it seems
to me, is to, create an environment wherein
the cities can better solve their own prob-
lems with their own resources.
Municipal officials, myself included, jump
at the opportunity to testify before congres-
sional committees and point out that the
220 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's) as defined by the Bureau of the
Census contain over three fourths of our
people. We emphasize that in these areas
occur most of the poverty, delinquency and
traffic congestion in the country and that
these are national problems requiring finan-
cial aid in large doses.
However, there are some other shattering
facts about these SMSA's and their own
financial potentials which we mayors fail to
mention;
They account for three quarters of our
bank clearings.
They account for four fifths of all value
added by manufacture. .
They contain four fifths of all bank
deposits.
And most important of all, at least 80 per
cent of all federal personal income taxes are
collected from people within their bounda-
ries. The personal income tax is the major.
source of federal revenue from which fed-
eral grants-in-aid are financed.
Of course, the difficulty is that within the
BMSA's the problems (poverty, crime, etc.)
are not in the same jurisdiction as the fiscal
resources. Combined action by state and
local governments is essential to meet these
disparities. One of the questions we in
municipal government must honestly begin
to ask ourselves is:
Are federal funds too often taken by local
governments simply because they are avail-
able?
We must soon seek the establishment of
realistic criteria for the giving and receiving
of federal funds by local governmental units.
I suggest some of the points to be considered
are:
1. Is there a real need for federal funds
for the particular local program for which
they are sought? How urgent is that need
and what is the honest ability of the local
government to meet that need?
2. What realistic formula can we agree
upon to indicate the amount of local effort
being brought to bear upon the particular
problem for which federal funds are sought?
9. Can this formula include an honest
appraisal of the tax base in use by the local
unit and can it determine the extent to
which the local unit is taxing, or otherwise
seeking to raise money, to meet its needs?
In addition, I believe we must have some
hard and fast guidelines outlining the scope
of federally funded local programs. When
do they begin, how broad an area do they
encompass and-most importantly-when do
they end?
As one of four mayors serving on the
President's Advisory Commission on Inter-
governmental Relations and now nearing my
fifth year of service in a metropolitan city?
I find myself becoming increasingly aware of
some municipal facts of life.
My fellow members in the U.S. Conference
of Mayors, I find, also are becoming more
aware of these facts.
NEEDED: COURAGE
Most of us have the revenue potential to
enable us,to survive without massive federal
aid. Few of us have the political courage
sincerely to use this potential.
This revenue potential is available to us
in the form of state or municipal personal
income taxes. It is almost the only local
level tax which can grow with the economy.
It can be a revenue source to supplant, in
part, massive federal aid.
The federal government-if it is sincere
and honestly means what it seems to say
about assisting urban areas to meet their
problems-must provide a realistic tax break
to enable these state and local governments
to consider some form of personal income tax
to finance programs.
Such a cutback, or refund to persons in
areas in which local governments are levying
an income tax, would permit greater use of
what is almost the only really untapped tax
source left to the lower echelons of govern-
ment.
It also would permit local governments, in
effect, to levy taxes for greater local use.
And, conversely, It would permit greater tax-
payer control over expenditure of tax dollars.
Without a reduction in federal income tax
rates to those taxpayers contributing to state
and local income levies. the individual bur-
den would be oppressive and grossly unfair.
This is the only approach that recognizes
the facts of political life. The taxpayer, who
feels that he has.little or no control over
federal spending levels, is hardly to be blamed
if he votes down a local bond issue or op-
poses a local tax increase. Doing so he feels
he can exercise direct influence on spending
for public purposes.
Now, with federal taxes levied for urban
programs, it is hard for the local official con-
fronted with real needs to resist pressure to
ask for his "share."
With creative administration, local gov-
ernments can solve a good part of their prob-
lems. Proper zoning can, in many instances,
ease the need for massive urban renewal pro-
grams; proper housing code enforcement,
more often than not, can lessen the crises of
slum clearance; sensible taxing practices
can permit a return of investment and risk
capital to our central city core areas.
In any event, we must not -indeed, we
cannot-increase the tax burden upon real
estate or land.
In most urban areas, and particularly in
the heart of the city, land taxes must be re-
duced.
High land taxes In these older central city
areas actually cause blight and decay, in
many instances. Because of a prohibitive
tax structure, owners of older properties there
are reluctant to keep up, or improve, existing
buildings.
This tends to encourage blight and decay-
the very things most of us are seeking to
halt, and usually are seeking Federal funds
to help us halt it.
A recent study by the Advisory Commis-
sion on Intergovernmental Relations showed
these changes and reductions are necessary
because historically the federal government's
intensive use of the personal income tax is
the single most important deterrent to its
expanded use by states and cities.
Our research showed that between 1937
and 1960 not a single state adopted a per-
sonal income tax. During this period 13
states did adopt general sales taxes.
A relative handful of the nation's cities
are given a share of state income taxes for
their needs.
JOB FOR STATES
In addition, however, to making addi-
tional levies other than property taxes avail-
able to local governments, the states must
take revolutionary action to remedy the vast
disparities of resources between individual
jurisdictions in metropolitan areas. Among
these possibilities are:
Generous state financial assistance to
urban areas in such fields as sewage treat-
ment, improvement of schools and mass
transportation.
Imposition or a special state income tax
upon the residents of metropolitan areas and
rebating the tax to the metropolitan areas on
the basis of population or other formulas.
Creation by the state of area-wide tax au-
thorities to finance the most expensive urban
services-including elementary and second-
June 8, 1966
ary education, vocational training? public
health and law enforcement.
Important as they are, finances are but one
part of the fight to save our cities.
Cities are more than a conglomeration of
physical facilities feeding upon tax dollars.
They are great, sprawling, teeming areas
filled with an intellectual and cultural vital-
ity which must live on.
We recognize that urban needs and prob-
lems do not stop at the city limits. How-
ever, our cities are deprived of the authority
to offer services and seek revenues by these
artificial geographic boundaries.
They create a broad "no man's land"
around the periphery of our cities.
One answer is annexation of adjoining
areas. It has some merits as a stopgap. More
land area provides a broader base for real
estate taxes, more geographay on which to
base general obligation bond issues. A. larger
service area can mean a lower per capita cost
for such things as sewage disposal, garbage,
and trash pickups and water supply. Un-
checked annexation, of course, can create as
many evils as it attempts to solve. It can
create straggling "strip cities" without
enough revenue to provide services, or to
keep pace with population growth.
The 212 metropolitan areas in the nation
in 1962 (the latest official figure) had 18,442
local governments; 310 counties, 4,142 mu-
nicipalities, 2,575 townships, 6,004 independ-
ent school districts and 5,411 other special
purpose districts.
A way to end this duplication and over-
lapping of function and tax sources could
be the creation of "corporate cities" 'under
a regional boards of directors. These super-
cities could have the authority to override
archaic tax laws, the flexibility to expand and
contract physical boundaries within the re-
gion to match population movements and
full recognition by other governmental units.
They could absorb all of the functions of
the governmental units within their bound-
aries.
In this way, each city and local govern-
ment could retain its individuality, yet have
a functioning unit through which it could
try realistically to meet the needs of its citi-
zens.
The 1965 Utah Legislature approved a
somewhat similar concept. It provides for
an amendment to the state constitution sub-
ject to voter approval.
If the amendment is approved by Utah
voters this year, it will establish a procedure
enabling a defined mctropolitan area to take
over the powers and functions or existing
governmental units within its outlined dis-
trict.
PARING COSTS
In 1962 I conceived a plan setting up "re-
gional substates" in an effort to provide au-
thority and ability to meet growing urban
problems and to remove the increasing du-
plication of services and consequent taxation.
Under my plan, Florida would have been
districted into five regional areas of compa-
rable population. The regions would have
been so geographically defined as to preserve
the basic integrity of rural and urban areas.
Each of my five substates would have an
elective head, a cabinet and a legislature.
This would permit each region the author-
ity and local lawmaking ability to meet needs
quickly as they arose.
There are, of course, alternatives to this
plan.
Consolidation of services and authority
within county rather than city limits is an
attractive alternative. This, in great part,
can eliminate duplication of services, taxa-
tion and governmental authority.
Nashville-Davidson County in Tennessee
and my own state's Dade County are em-
barked upon a comparable endeavor to
streamline and make most efficient their gov-
ernmental practices. These two units are
simply and basically reorganized county gov-
ernments supporting urban area needs.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 w
Approved For Release 2OQ5/07113 CJA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
12038. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 8, 1966
medical condition, which, warranted a
trans er by nursing home installation.
Tts ,provision, in view of the absence of
-Veterans' Adri iiiistration faci_lities,' in
Alaska and Hawaii, prevented the fur-
nishing of nursing care in these two
States.
The purpose of section 2 of this bill is
to Permit the furnishing of nursing care
in Alaska and Hawaii where such care is
found to be warranted.
Tlie,Veterans' Administra)ion did not
give cost estimates in their report on S.
562 (sec. 1 of the amended bill) . They
indicate in their report that the cost of
this portion will be "relatively small,"
and that precise figures involve too many
contingencies to be accurately calculated.
The best information available, however,
indicates that the cost will be about
$500,000 per year.
The Veterans' Administration. esti-
mates that the annual cost of H.R. 13187,
without regard to section 1 of the instant
bill, will be approximately $22,000.
THE CONTINUING UNFAVORABLE
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS-A
GROWING DANGER
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President,
year after year since 1945, in order to
strengthen the forces of freedom around
the world, the United States has ex-
pended an average of over $8 billion an-
nually for foreign aid and military sup-
port payments.
In 1965, for example, our total Gov-
ernment payments abroad were $8.5 bil-
lion, including $4.3 billion in foreign
economic aid and $2.8 billion in offshore
military expenditures, plus $1.4 billion
in service payments.
A statistical tabulation was presented
by General -Lemnitzer in testimony be-
fore the House Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs. This testimony included a com-
parison of U.S. defense expenditures in
relation to the size of our economy with
comparable figures for other NATO
countries, for the period between 1947
and 1963.' The testimony, once and for
all, dispels any illusion that the United
States is not carrying the major burden
of defense for the free world.
The figures of General Lemnitzer show
that the United States spends annually
for defense close to 10 percent of its
gross national product; whereas France
spends 6 percent, the United Kingdom
about 5 percent, Germany and the Neth-
erlands 4.5 percent, and Belgium and
Italy 3.5 percent.
In other words, U.S. defense expendi-
tures abroad are more than twice as
large, in relation to gross national prod-
uct, as are the expenditures of most of
our NATO allies.
The United States has now become the
world's major debtor nation, owing
abroad, primarily to the foreign central
banks, over $29 billion in liquid liabil-
ities; with its dwindling gold stock now
standing at less than 113.6 billion.
In addition, recently it has been re-
ported that the United States had a
balance of-payments deficit of 582 mil-
lion in the first quarter of 1966. At an
annual rate, this would make the year-
end deficit $2.4 billion, far above last was going to say crisis. It evidently is
year's reported , deficit of $1.3 billion. going to be a crisis as far as Britain is
As the size of our Vietnam commit- concerned and it could be for the United.
ments increase, U.S. offshore military States. I thank the Senator from Mis-
expenditures are bound to rise; and the sours for performing a valuable service
strain now being placed on our domestic In bringing these matters to the atten-
economy can only cause 4-continuing tion of the Senate.
rise in our Imports. Mr. SYMINGTON. I am grateful to
It is now clear that, if we are to remain the senior Senator from Indiana who,
internationally solvent, we must stop fl- as a member of the Committee on Fi-
nancing our current expenditures abroad nance, is an authority on the subject
on Government account by borrowing which I have presented this morning.
from abroad; and also reexamine care- (At this point Mr. HARTKE assumed the
foreign aid, along with our overseas mili-
tary expenditures.
The United States continues to spend
$1.5 billion a year in Europe for mili-
tary presence alone; at the same time, it
continues to lose a substantial portion
of its gold to that same Europe.
An article in the New York Times
June 6 contains the following statement:
There are alternatives, and Bonn insists
they can be made to work. One Is a Defense
Payments Union In NATO, which the John-
son Administration is about to propose,
mainly to ease Britain's coming sterling
crisis. American and British troops in Ger-
many, Italy and Belgium then would pay
in scrip, and it would be the host country's
responsibility to spend it for arms purchases
or to accumulate useless paper. .
Mr. HART. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield briefly?
Mr. SYMINGTON. I am happy to
yield to the Senator from Michigan.
LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DURING THE TRANS-
ACTION OF ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS
Mr. HART. Mr. President, the ma-
jority leader, since he left the Chamber,
has indicated that, in obtaining unani-
mous consent for a morning hour, he
failed to request that statements during
the transaction of routine morning busi-
ness be limited to 3 minutes. I ask unan-
imous consent that statements be so
limited.
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, un-
der the prior unanimous-consent agree-
ment, I asked permission from the dis-
tinguished acting minority leader [Mr.
COTTON] to continue for 5 minutes.
It was agreeable with him, and I was
hopeful that it would be with the ma-
jority leader.
Mr. HART. Indeed it is. The request
to limit statements during the morning
hours is not applicable to the Senator
from Missouri.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so
ordered.
Mr. SYMINGTON. I thank the Sena-
tor from Michigan. In conclusion, Mr.
President, scrip is now recommended,
and a crisis shortly in British currency
taken for granted. One has the right
to ask how long can this go on without
a reckoning?
(At this point Mr. CANNON assumed
the chair.)
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. SYMINGTON. I yield to the able
and distinguished Senator from Indiana.
Mr. HARTKE. I wish to compliment
the Senator from Missouri for calling to
the attention o'f the Senate this very im-
portant matter which is coming up. I
Vv
THE COST OF VIETNAM
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President,
upon returning from South Vietnam last
January, it appeared to me that this
country should either move forward in
that area against more meaningful mil-
itary targets, or move out; and I so re-
ported to the Senate.
It was not possible to perceive the ad-
vantage, net, of long drawn out mili-
tary action in which our major effort was
conducted where the enemy is strong-
est-on the ground-instead of where
we are supreme-sea and air.
Later, upon return from Europe last
April, this conclusion was reaffirmed, not
only because of the great and growing
cost, but also because of conviction this
country is now over-committed as the
result of our steadily increasing involve-
ments, in men as well as money, over
the past 20 years.
Since April there have been new de-
velopments, especially in South Vietnam,
where there is now serious internal dis-
sension between various elements, all of
whom we are presuming are anti-Com-
Znunist. And it is becoming steadily more
difficult for me to understand how this
Nation can successfully defend a people
who are constantly fighting among them-
selves.
The problem is emphasized in the fol-
lowing news report published earlier this
week:
Vietcong ambushers killed a detail of six
U.S. Air Force men in an area where political
turmoil has diverted South Vietnamese troops
from normal campaigning against the Com-
munists. The Americans, members of a sur-
vey team from a radar installation, were
trapped in a truck 15 miles south of the
border with the North.
In any case, most discussions about
Vietnam center on either diplomatic or
military problems, with relatively little
consideration of the great and growing
economic problems this Vietnam involve-
ment is now giving our Government.
There was an interesting letter to the
Washington Post on June 7, entitled
"The Cost of Vietnam." I ask unani-
mous consent this letter be inserted at
this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
COST OF VIETNAM
Despite the millions of words in newsprint
about the Vietnam war, very little has been
written about its economic aspects. Our
avowed humanitarian aims are looked upon
by many peoples of the world with suspicion
or outright disbelief. It is even doubtful if
Approved For Release 2005/07/13.: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
June 8, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 12037
adding at the end thereof the following new
sentence: "Any veteran who is furnished
care by the Administrator in a hospital in
Alaska or Hawaii may be furnished nursing
home care under the provisions of this sec-
tion even if such hospital is not under the
direct and exclusive jurisdiction of the Ad
ministrs,tor. "
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President,
once again the veterans of Alaska have
cause to be grateful to the senior Sena-
tor from Texas [Mr. YARBOROUGH], the
chairman of the Senate Veterans' Affairs
Subcommittee of the Labor and Public
Welfare Committee. Because of his
leadership and concern we are today
considering my bill, S. 562, which has
been favorably reported with amend-
ments from his committee.
I urge Senate adoption of this bill.
The bill has two sections: The first,
would provide for the restoration of hos-
pitalization benefits which Alaska and
Hawaii veterans enjoyed before state-
hood. It would give the Administrator
of the Veterans' Administration the au-
thority to contract with private hospi-
tals for the care of veterans with non-
service-connected disability. The bill
provides that this particular authority,
which now extends to noncontiguous
territories of the United States, would be
extended once again to Alaska and Ha-
waii. This will expire in 10 years' time.
At that time Congress could determine
whether the services provided by this
bill and which are now so badly needed
are still warranted.
The second purpose of this bill would
be to permit veterans hospitalized under
VA jurisdiction in Alaska and Hawaii
the same opportunity to be transferred
to nursing homes as veterans in other
States now have.
Under present law the VA is author-
ized to transfer veterans needing ex-
tended care to public or private nursing
homes. Such transfers reduce the costs
for caring for the patients, insures him
the care he needs before being returned
to a normal life and provides an addi-
tional hospital bed. In the act author-
izing these transfers it is specified that
they may be made only from hospitals
under the exclusive Jurisdiction of the
Administrator. This lets Alaska out.
This lets Hawaii out. There are no VA
hospitals in Alaska or Hawaii.
In Alaska, veterans with service-con-
nected disability are treated at the Army
hospital at Fort Wainwright, the Air
Force hospital at JElmendorf Air Force
Base, and various small hospitals run
by the Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare for the Alaska natives.
These hospitals are obviously not under
the direct jurisdiction of the VA and,
thus inadvertently, Alaska veterans are
unable to obtain nursing home treat-
ment. This is also true for veterans in
Hawaii and the Philippines. The bill
before the Senate today would correct
this oversight and would give to Alaska,
Hawaii, and Philippine veterans the
same standard of treatment as that ac-
corded to veteran residents in the 48
States.
The VA contracts for a small number
of beds in the federally owned Govern-
ment hospitals of Alaska. These beds
are the only medical facilities provided
for the more than 22,000 veterans living
in Alaska. These beds, I am told, are
fully utilized. The ' veteran who lives
near one of these Government hospitals,
and who, I might say, is fortunate enough
to have a service-connected illness, will
receive proper treatment. If the illness
is not service connected it is difficult for
him to receive proper treatment. Far
more than half the beds in VA hospitals
in the lower 48 States are occupied by
veterans with non-service-connected ill-
nesses. Such men in Alaska, however,
receive VA care only if there is a bed
available in the leased space.
Alaska is a vast land. There are few
roads and the principal means of trans-
portation is by air. This is expensive
and, if illness is involved, sometimes
dangerous.
Before statehood the costs and the
dangers were recognized by the Congress.
It authorized the care of veterans in the
closest available private hospital. The
costs of this care were paid by the VA.
The justification for such a provision was
explained by' Administrator Gleason in a
letter to the senior Senator from Ala-
bama [Mr. firta] dated March 12, 1963.
Gleason explained why the VA supports
giving such care to veterans living in the
noncontiguous territories. He said the
distance from the mainland, the diffi-
culty in transferring patients to the
States, and the relatively small volume of
patient demand made such provision ac-
ceptable to the Administration.
These conditions not only pertain to
the territories, they also pertain to the
two noncontiguous States, Alaska and
Hawaii.
On the basis of simple justice, I, there-
fore, urge the Senate to give this measure
its approval and I again would like to
thank the senior Senator from Texas for
his continued interest and concern for
the welfare of Alaska veterans. All
Alaska veterans are appreciative of his
efforts.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The question is on the engross-
ment and third reading of the bill.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed
for a third reading, was read the third
time, and passed.
The title was amended, so as to read:
"A bill to amend title 38, United States
Code, with respect to the definition of
the term 'Veterans' Administration facil-
ities,' and to eliminate certain require-
ments for the furnishing of nursing home
care in the case of veterans hospitalized
by the Veterans' Administration in Alas-
ka and Hawaii."
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, in
explanation of the bill, section 1 of the
bill amends the definition of the term
"Veterans' Administration facilities"
contained in section 601(4) (C), title 38,
of the United States Code, to include pri-
vate contract facilities for a veteran of
any war when such veteran is in a State
not contiguous to the 48 contiguous
States.
Bills of similar Intent have been con-
sidered in several earlier Congresses.
The bill is identical in purpose to S. 625,
which passed the Senate In the 88th Con-
gress; to S. 801, which was reported from
the Labor and Public Welfare Commit-
tee in the 87th Congress; and to S. 2201,
which passed the Senate during the 86th
Congress.
Under the present law, war veterans
with non-service-connected disabilities
are entitled to hospitalization in VA hos-
pitals when they themselves are unable
to pay the costs, and when space is avail-
able in such hospitals. Further, they are
entitled to hospitalization in private con-
tract facilities, but only in a "Territory,
Commonwealth, or possession of the
United States."
Alaska and Hawaii are the only States
in which the Veterans' Administration
maintains no hospitals, and the veterans
in these States do not have the advan-
tage of hospitalization in facilities de-
voted entirely to the care of veterans.
Before statehood, private contract fa-
cilities were used in these areas to pro-
vide hospital care to veterans with non-
service-connected injuries. When Alaska
and Hawaii became States, however, the
Administrator of Veterans' Affairs lost
the power to contract there for private
hospital facilities, and it is to this prob-
lem that section 1 of the present bill is
addressed. In practical effect, this sec-
tion of the bill merely restores the sit-
uation which existed prior to the time
Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood,
and they are the only States affected by
this legislation.
At the present time, hospital care for
veterans with non-service-connected dis-
abilities is provided in Alaska and Ha-
waii through other Government hospi-
tals. In Alaska, beds are allocated for
veterans in hospitals of the Department
of Defense and the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. In Ha-
waii, the Department of Defense has al-
located beds in the Army's Tripler Gen-
eral Hospital. Under the appropriate
conditions, veterans may go to these hos-
pitals if beds are available. But with
the present increases in the demands on
Department of Defense hospitals, it is
possible that space will be less available
than before. Also, travel in the remote
regions of Alaska and the outlying islands
of Hawaii Is difficult, and there is a need
to allow the veteran to be hospitalized in
private hospitals near his home.
Section 2 of the bill is identical to H.R.
13187, the 89th Congress, as passed by
the House of Representatives.
When Public Law 88-450 was enacted
authorizing among other things the fur-
nishing of nursing care In Veterans' Ad-
ministration operated nursing homes and
in community nursing homes, there was
no provision made for the furnishing of
such nursing care in the States of Alaska
and Hawaii. One of the basic provisions
of Public Law 88-450 is that in order for
an individual to be placed in a privately
operated or community nursing home for
temporary care at VA expense the patient
must first have been in a Veterans' Ad-
ministration hospital and reached a
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446RQ00400080015-4
June 8, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 12039
the bulk of the? South Vietnam people are
convinced, . , the notion of humanitarian mo-
tive for an expensive war is entirely foreign
to their habit of thought. The acceptance
of the idea depends on social consciousness,
which on a national level hardly exists in
most of Asia and has reached only rudimen-
tary development in many other regions of
the world. If our avowed purposes are not
accepted as the truth our actions breed dis-
trust.
In the. beginning, economic factors must
have seemed insignificant. The initial cost
of ? our involvement was little more than the
pay and allowances of a few thousand men.
That undoubtedly seemed worth the ven-
ture. But we didn't win and from then on
we reacted like the hapless gambler trying
to recover his losses by increasing the stakes
with the result that each successive stake
became worse than the first. Now that we
have already expended $5 or $10 billion and
have had three of four thousand fatal bat-
tle and nonbattle casualties, we must ask
ourselves, "Is the venture still worth it?"
There has been no Pearl Harbor, our na-
tional security is under no immediate threat,
we have not committed ourselves to an all-
out war and we have so far expended only a
small part of the resources which an all-out
war would call for,, Should we commit these
resources?
If, for example, the estimates (and these
are conservative estimates) suggest that the
war and occupation will last 10 years, that
we will suffer 30,000 fatal casualties, and
that the monetary cost will be in the order
of $100 billion, Congress will be in a position
to determine whether this is a reasonable
price for making South Vietnam safe for
some distant future democracy or whether
we should spare the 30,000 men and begin
searching for some less costly ways of con-
taining communism.
With a $100 billion purse this should be
easy.
H. SCIHULZE.
NEW YORK CITY.
Mr. SYMINGTON. I do not know the
author, but do know he is right when
he says his estimates of this tremendous
cost could.well be conservative. These
costs are growing. 'To them must be
added the billions apparently we plan to
expend in effort to salvage our position
in Europe.
In the meantime our gold reserves con-
tinue to dwindle, mostly to Europe; and
current U.S. Government liabilities re-
deemable in gold and owned abroad, pri-
marily by the foreign central banks, con-
tinue to increase.
If our policies and programs continue
to necessitate this heavy price, and our
17-year unfavorable balance of pay-
ments continues unfavorable, there must
be a reckoning in the not too distant
future.
SECRETARY RUSK IS WRONG
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
Secretary of State Dean Rusk should
cease and desist his reprehensible and
highly contemptible references to Com-
munist China, He invariably publicly
displays his contempt for the Chinese
and for-the leaders of mainland China.
He publicly terms the capital of that
nation "Peiping" instead of by its his-
toric and proper name, "Peking." A
Secretary of State of the United States
should be supposed to exercise some de-
gree of tact and restraint in public state-
ments. The contrary has been the rule.
Under direction of Secretary of State
Rusk, officials of the State Department,
the U.S. Information Agency, and other
Washington officials have been issued in-
structions to refer to the capital of main-
land China as "Peiping," the terminology
that Chiang Kai-shek applied to it, and
must, not refer to it as "Peking," the
historic name and the name adhered to
by Mao Tse-tung's Communist regime.
The meaning of the word "Peking" is
"northern capital." Peking was the rec-
ognized capital of the Manchu dynasty
and historically the capital of China.
Even Secretary Rusk should know that
the Chinese for thousands of years had
a great history and noble tradition and
that they have reason to be proud of
their culture. Yet, due to technological
superiority and weapons of war, Euro-
pean nations throughout the 19th cen-
tury conquered vast areas of the Chinese
mainland.
The English set an example of op-
pressing Chinese nationals. They and
other Europeans came to regard Chinese
as an inferior, low-grade people and
over the years constantly humiliated
them. In fact, in the 1840's England
fought a war of aggression against the
Chinese because Chinese officials, to save
the lives of their own people, tried to
suppress the opium traffic which was ex-
tremely lucrative to English merchants.
To the shame of the British Empire, this
war has been termed the "Opium War."
It resulted in the seizure of the island
of Hong Kong and other areas that had
been Chinese for thousands of years.
This lush territory, homeland of the
Chinese, was taken either outright or
under the guise of 99 year leases.
Throughout the 19th and the early
20th centuries, officials of European gov-
ernments and even the United States
frequently treated Chinese scholars and
statesmen with contempt, regarding
then} as people to be exploited by the
great powers such as Great Britain,
France, Germany, and Russia.
When liberty-loving Chinese rose in
revolt in what was termed the "Boxer
Rebellion," even our own Armed Forces
joined with other powers to crush the
rebellion.
Shortly thereafter the Manchu dynasty
was overthrown and a period of anarchy
followed with various Chinese warlords
fighting one another with their private
armies. The great powers took further
advantage of this internal weakness and
seized additional territory and privileges
in China.
In 192$ Chiang Kai-shek overcame
other warlords, and to downgrade those
he had beaten and to demonstrate his
contempt, he moved the capital to Nan-
king and changed the name "Peking" to
"Peiping" which, translated, means pac-
ified capital."
Following the time the Communist
forces chased Chiang Kai-shek from
mainland China, they in 1949 reestab-
lished the capital at Peking. From that
date to the present time Peking has been
the capital of Communist China.
Nevertheless, on instructions from of-
ficials of the State Department, many
U.S. officials continue to use the term
"Peiping." This is an unnecessary ir-
ritant to the people and rulers of Red
China. Without a doubt this exercise of
bad judgment, in fact stupidity, on the
part of Secretary of State Dean Rusk,
causes the Chinese leaders to be more
inflexible in their intransigence.
In 1814, in the course of our war with
England, termed the "War of 1812," a
small English army under General Ross
with some marines and sailors under Ad-
miral Cockburn routed American militia-
men at Bladensburg and captured Wash-
ington. These raiders burned the Presi-
dent's house in retaliation for Americans
burning the then capital of Canada,
York, earlier in that war. President
Madison barely escaped capture. Imme-
diately following the capture of Wash-
ington and burning the President's house,
the English withdrew. This was in 1814.
How would the people of the United
States have liked it if a Prime Minister
of England, around 1832, contemptuous-
ly referred to Washington as "pacified
capital" instead of referring to our capi-
tal by its correct name, Washington?
Secretary of State Dean Rusk would be
well advised to discontinue the use of this
insulting word, "Peiping," unless he is
utterly lacking in sincerity in his claim
that he is offering the olive branch of co-
existence and peace.
Claiming that our puppet Chiang Kai-
shek, whose forces fleeing from the Chi-
nese mainland slaughtered some 18,000
unarmed citizens of Formosa, including
women and children, in establishing his
rule there and claiming that his govern-
ment in Taiwan, the name he gave to
Formosa, is the only legitimate Govern-
ment of China, is fakery as statesmen of
the world know.
Our proper policy would be to continue
the recognition of the government of
Taiwan and then go ahead seeking a
more flexible trade policy with China,
continuing, of course, the ban on stra-
tegic materials but permitting the export
to Communist China of whatever the
Chinese may wear, eat, drink, or smoke
and, in return, buying the products and
handicraft of the Chinese.
We should offer diplomatic recognition
to Communist China which has main-
tained a government in mainland China
for nearly 20 years. Were we to have an
embassy in Peking with an Ambassador
and staff we would have an open window
and listening post in China. Because
ours is an open society, China would
have less to gain in opening an embassy
in Washington.
Mr. President, I shall continue to con-
demn and denounce State Secretary
Rusk if and whenever he indulges in the
use of the contemptible and insulting
term "Peiping," aping the language of
Chiang Kai-shek.
PERMITTING THE PLANTING OF
ALTERNATE CROPS ON ACRE-
AGE WHICH IS UNPLANTED BE-
CAUSE OF A NATURAL DISASTER
Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, do I
understand correctly that the confer-
ence report on H.R. 15151 is at the desk?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator is correct.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080015-4