FACT AND FICTION IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080003-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2005
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: June 28, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

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June 28, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
the drunk, who is viewed as either no good
and "not worth helping or too sick to be
submitted to any pressure.
The public should understand, he says,
that there's no stereotype for the public
drunk., "The only thing one has in common
with another is his steady drinking."
[From the Rochester (N.Y.) Times-Union,
,n May 26, 1966]
-THE CHRONIC DRUNK: How To TREAT ALCO-
HOLISM?
(By Cliff Smith)
On a recent visit to the Monroe County
Penitentiary, Dr. John L. Norris met a 45-
year-old inmate who said he's so afraid to
talk to people on the streets that he's driven
into taverns for security and companionship.
"These are the people we kick up because
we're frightened of them," Dr. Norris ob-
serves. "I'm not in favor of being soft, but
let's not be ridiculous."
Dr. Norris, a nationally recognized author-
ity on alcoholism and chairman of the peni-
tentiary committee of the Health Associa-
tion's Council on Alcoholism, says the com-
munity has a fairly wide range of facilities
for helping the chronic drunk.
"The major thing that's lacking Is people
who are sufficiently knowledgeable about
alcoholism to do the work that has to be
done," he says.
Because only recently has anyone tried to
solve the problem, Rochester needs research
and study to develop a sufficient supply of
these knowledgeable people, according to
Dr. Norris.
He proposes a major research facility in
Rochester and is trying to convince the state
to establish here the institute on alcoholism
it is planning.
Ten counties have been mentioned as a
possible site for the "fully developed, com-
prehensive public-private program to deal
with alcoholism."
"It couldn't be done in New York City
or Buffalo," Dr. Norris says. "You can't be
too big because you've got to know the kind
of people you're working with. But you
must be big enough to get a good cross-sec-
tion. Rochester is the ideal'size."
Dr. Norris. also favors more support in
the Police Bureau for work with the chronic
drunk. "Only one officer has been assigned,
but he's so terribly busy with other duties,
he doesn't have time."
He'd like to see a team of psychiatrists,
medical doctors and social workers in City
Court to help young people whose troubles
"Most of the people sent to the peniten-
tiary have been in trouble for years," he
says. "If they'd been caught when they
were young, we could have done much more
to change the pattern of their life's action."
The community today is not reaching this
group at all "except by happenstance," he
adds,
Dr.-Norris also advocates a closer inter-
relationship among the courts, the Halfway
House (which provides rehabilitative serv-
. ices for male alcoholics in a close family
setting) and the alcoholic units at the State
Hospital and County Infirmary.
Dr. Norris maintains the Community has
three choices of how and where to provide
help for the chronic drunk:
County Penitentiary-Make it therapeuti-
eally Oriented, beginning with a medical,
psychiatric, social and, If needed, a criminal
diagnosis for each commitment. -Then a
treatment plan should be provided.
"You'd need to build a staff and a pro-
gram to accomplish this. You'd have to build
attitudes, too, because a punitive attitude
is not likely to help much."
Rochester State Hospital-Ten per cent of
all people admitted to state mental institu-
No. 106-3,
tions are admitted for alcoholism or a mental
illness related to alcohol. And alcoholism
is the only diagnosis under which people are
being admitted In increasing numbers.
"But there aren't enough knowledgeable
people on the state hospital staffs to pro-
vide enough treatment. And in attempts
at making things as voluntary as possible,
state hospitals are permitting the alcoholic
to leave after he feels a little better, but al-
most always before he's ready."
Alcoholism can constitute disability for
Social Security purposes according to a deci-
sion of U.S. District Judge Harold P. Burke
this week.
Burke Tuesday overturned a ruling by a
Social Security examiner in a case of a 45-
year-old man who sought disability benefits
as a chronic alcoholic who was unable to sup-
port himself because of his affliction.
He is an inmate at Attica Prison on a 1963
burglary and grand larceny conviction in
Monroe County Court.
The man, Paul J. Schompert, had submit-
ted evidence that he had been a patient in
six mental institutions, two of which he es-
caped from, had been certified insane twice
and diagnosed as psychotic six times, in ad-
dition to being arrested 60 times between
1950 and 1959.
When he had worked for brief periods,
Schompert testified, he had worked as a
laborer on construction and for several fac-
tories. Most of his jobs lasted only a few
months.
Judge Burke, in his ruling, said the ex-
aminer failed to support his contention that
Schompert could be Cured "by the exercise of
self control."
The ruling also will direct the Social Securi-
ty Administration to pay benefits to Schom-
bert's two daughters, living with their
mother, first of his two wives, in Knowles-
ville, Orleans County. Both women are di-
vorced from Schompert. Mrs. Schompert
filed for the benefits for the children shortly
after Schombert't application in 1964.
The judge's ruling directs the U.S. attor-
ney to draw up a ]ugment against the So-
cial Security Lid n tration for final sign-
FACT AND FICTION IN VIETNAM
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, an arti-
cle of vital importance by Charles Mohr
appeared in the June 27 edition of the
New York Times. Mr. Mohr's appraisal
of the present Vietnam situation en-
compassed two themes-two themes of
facts to clear up two fictions about the
course of the conflict in Vietnam.
First. Massive U.S. firepower is begin-
ning to produce positive military results,
and in the opinion of most observers,
there is little danger of our meeting the
same fate as the French.
Second. There can be no victory in
Vietnam by military means alone or even
primarily by military means. The es-
sence of the struggle, as Mr. Mohr de-
scribes, is "in the subtle battle to gain
the allegience of hostile or indifferent
parts of the rural population." As Mr.
Mohr indicates, our Government has
tried to prove too much by battle sta-
tistics and too little by full-scale efforts
for socioeconomic and political reform
Statistics can be very misleading.
Third. The morale of the U.S. soldier
is high and he believes that with con-
tinued support here in the United States
he can perform his task -successfully in
Vietnam.
13791
I ask unanimous consent to have Mr.
Mohr's article inserted in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York Times, June 27, 1966]
MANY IN VIETNAM SAY OPINION IN UNITED
STATES IS KEY TO VICTORY-G.I.'s TEND To
FEEL THEY CAN WIN THE WAR IF PER-
MITTED To REMAIN LONG ENOUGH
(Following is the first of three articles
appraising the military situation in South
Vietnam by the chief correspondent of the
New York Times In Saigon.)
(By Charles Mohr)
SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM, June 26.-An
American major general was recently ques-
tioning a North Vietnamese captain who had
deserted. The general was curious about the
enemy's policy on rotation of troops.
"American troops can go home after 12
months," said the general. "When do your
leaders say you can go home?"
"They say we can go home when we win
'the war," answered the captain.
"What do you think?" asked the general.
"I think we can go home after you win the
war," said the captain.
Who is winning in Vietnam today?
The North Vietnamese officer is one of
many people who think the United States,
the South Vietnamese and the South Korean,
Australian and New Zealand allies are clearly
winning.
Hardly anyone in Vietnam argues that the
United States is losing or is in danger of a
military fiasco like the one the French met
at Dienbienphu.
POLITICAL BATTLE NOTED
Yet there is a small body of men who
believe that the United States is not losing
but is not winning either and will not begin
to win until there has been some success
in the subtle battle to gain the allegiance of
hostile or indifferent parts of the rural popu-
lation.
The widest feeling of all, however, is that
the outcome will be decided by public opin-
ion in the United States. In a real sense,
the United States forces in Vietnam are
fighting a war while looking over their
shoulders toward home.
A battalion commander sitting on a case
of C rations and a private picking leeches off
his leg -on a jungle trail tend to say the
same thing: The war can be won if the
American troops are given enough time, but
they are not sure they will be granted this
time.
"IT'S GOING TO TAKE TIME"
"There's a lot I probably don't know,"
said a lieutenant colonel recently, "but the
one thing I do know after almost a year of
fighting here is that it is going to take
time.
"I don't personally believe it will take a
lot of time, but I'm not sure. That is what
it makes it hard to know if the public will
put up with it long enough."
Much of America's public-affairs policy re-
garding the war has been built on an insub-
stantial foundation of statistics and psycho-
logical estimates of the enemy.
Far too little of this policy has been built
on more substantial factors-the growing
American mastery of the terrain and of guer-
rilla war tactics and the basic courage, anti-
Communism and tenacity of the South Viet-
namese.
The most important thing to realize is not
that statistics are unreliable but that they
are meaningless in themselves. Statistically,
the entire Vietcong force in South Vietnam
has been destroyed and, presumably, re
placed with new troops.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 28, 1936
The statistics matter little. The fact that
more than 200,000 enemy troops are still
fighting matters a great deal.
No discussion of the progress of the war
in Vietnam can go far without an examina-
tion of statistics, which have become so im-
portant for two reasons. One is that in a war
without front lines or territorial gains, sta-
tistics seem to be the only measuring rod of
success. The other reason is that United
States officials have made them so impor-
tant.
HOW THE FIGURES ADD UP
Statistically, the war has been won several
times already.
According to official figures, about 57,000
Vietcong guerrillas and North Vietnamese
army regulars have been killed in action
and counted on the battlefield since Jan. 1,
1965.
Some American officials in Vietnam have
grave doubts about the validity of this fig-
ure. The gravest qualms result, however,
not when the figure is discounted but when
it is accepted, even if only for the purpose
of argument.
Statistics on the Vietcong wounded are
not announced because only a relatively few
wounded prisoners are ever seen. But, by
the most conservative estimate possible, the
Vietcong suffer two wounded for every man
killed in action. A more realistic estimate
might range from 3 to 1 to 5 to 1.
This would mean that 114,000 more of the
Vietcong have been wounded, many of whom
would have died in their primitive field hos-
pitals. To this total could be added 20,000
men in the category of "killed but dragged
away" and victims of illness such as malaria
COUNTING OFTEN DIFFICULT
If the original "body count" statistic is
accepted, a conservativeconclusion Is that in
less than 18 months the Vietcong have suf-
fered a total of at least 200,000 casualties
and other troop losses.
The concept of body-count figures is un-
realistic in some circumstances.
After certain battles it is possible to count
bodies with some accuracy, although anyone
who has watched three platoons of one com-
pany move out into the scrub can easily be-
lieve that duplications in counting may take
place.
At other times it is impossible to count
bodies. But the pressure from the top to
do so continues.
One morning late last year, when the nine-
day siege of the Special Forces camp at
Pleiku was being lifted, Maj. Charles Beck-
with, a grizzled man in a dirty camouflage
"tiger suit," was told by his radio operator
that the chief of staff in Saigon wanted an
immediate body count for a military briefing.
INFLATED FIGURE USED
"We haven't even been outside the wire
yet," snapped the major. "Tell them I'm not
going to give any figure until I can count."
In the end Maj. Beckwith and his men
counted a little more than 40 bodies on one
side of the camp, the only area they could
cover that day. But the figure already an-
nounced in Saigon was about five times that
big.
in a more recent action in the Central
Highlands, a company commander who had
been under heavy attack In a tight defensive
perimeter received a request for a body-
count figure. He radioed one of his platoon
leaders to ask what the officer could tell him.
"I don't know, Captain," said the lieuten-
ant. "Maybe 3 or 5 or 15. Put me down for
15 and I'll try to find them for you in the
morning."
been deadlocked ever since the signing of
the nuclear partial test ban treaty.
There is, however, a positive side for a
breakthrough, as indicated in a story by
John Finney in the New York Times of
June 27. -
Reporting on the results of a private
conference on arms control in Canada,
Mr. Finney reports that both Soviet and
American representatives to this confer-
ence seem to support a new proposal.
The proposal is to extend the partial test
ban to underground tests for a limited
trial period, during which a system of
"verification by challenge or invitation"
would be tried out by the nations con-
cerned.
The trial nature of the approach would
be a sensible way to break the present
deadlock and to establish the good faith
necessary to a future formal agreement.
I urge the governments concerned to
give serious consideration to this pro-
posal.
I ask unanimous consent to have Mr..
Finney's report inserted in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York Times, June 27, 1966]
TRIAL SUSPENSION OF ALL ATOM TESTS BACKED
AT PARLEY-PLAN ON UNDERGROUND BLASTS
SUPPORTED UNOFFICIALLY BY U.S. AND SOVIET
AIDES--HOPE FOR ACCORD SEEN-PRIVATE
GROUPS, MEETING IN CANADA, CALL FOR SYS-
TEM OF CHECKS DY INVITATION
(By John W. Finney)
SCARBOROUGH, ONT., June 26.-With the
support of American and Soviet officials, a
proposal for an experimental suspension of
underground nuclear tests was advanced here
today by a nongovernmental conference on
the problems of preventing the spread of
atomic weapons.
Behind the proposal, which caused con-
siderable excitement and interest among dis-
armament officials of both Western and Com-
munist nations, was the hope that it might
break the East-West impasse on a full ban
on atomic tests. The Moscow treaty of 1963
bans all but underground tests.
The proposal calls upon the nuclear powers,
the United States and the Soviet Union in
particular, to forego all underground testing
for a limited "trial period." During that
period, a system of "verification by challenge
or invitation" would be tried out by the
nuclear powers.
PROCEDURE IS PERMISSIVE
Thus, in the event of detection of a sus-
anov, chairman of the Soviet Academy of
Sciences' Commission on the Scientific Prob-
lems of Disarmament, and Lord Chalfont, the
British Minister for Disarmament.
PRIVATE NATURE HELPFUL
The officials attended the meeting in a
private capacity, a fact that at times per-
mitted them to go beyond the official posi-
tions of their governments. The experi-
]mental moratorium was proposed by an
American official, supported by Soveit par-
ticipants and then endorsed by representa-
tives to the assembly.
The proposal is designed to get around the
eight-year impasse between the Soviet Union
and the United States over how to safe-
guard a ban on underground tests. Because
of the difficulty of distinguishing with de-
tection instruments between earthquakes
and explosions, the United States has - in-
sisted on some on-site inspection.
The Soviet Union has refused to accept
any international inspections, asserting that
they were technically unnecessary and would
be a subterfuge for espionage. Thus the
strictures of the 1963 treaty did not include
underground explosions.
One veteran disarmament official said the
meeting and the proposal it engendered could
prove to be "a historic turning point" in
resolving East-West differences over Inspec-
tion. The hope was that the experimental
moratorium, if adopted by the United States
and the Soviet Union, could demonstrate
that the challenge-and-invitation system
worked and thus pave the way for a perma-
nent treaty banning all underground tests.
To a certain extent, the proposal is a varia-
tion of a suggestion for "inspection by chal-
lenge" advanced in the past by Sweden but
rejected by the United States. But certain
seemingly semantic changes were made to
satisfy both the United States and the Soviet
Union.
Instead of a moratorium, an approach re-
sisted by the United States, an "experimental
suspension" for "a limited trial period" was
proposed, To meet Soviet objections, the
proposal talks about "verification" rather
than inspection. But it was clearly under-
stood that the verification could involve some
form of inspection, although not necessarily
by an international or American team at the
outset. -
If the United States is willing to consider
the proposal now, it is partly because of ad-
vances in seismological detection techniques
that are said to have resulted in a tenfold
reduction in the number of unidentifiable
seismic events that had been expected in the
Soviet Union. Furthermore, it is hoped that
approval can be won for a "nuclear detection
club" proposed by Sweden, in which several
nations would collect and exchange seismo-
logical data.
picious seismic disturbance, the suspecting POLITICAL PRESSURE CITED
nation would raise a challenge as to whether But there are also political pressures on the
the other side had violated the moratorium United States and the Soviet Union,
by conducting an underground test. The One of the important themes to emerge
accused nation, in turn, could "invite" for- from the conference, summed up in the as-
whether observers into its territory to establish sembly's final public report, is that there is
whether the seismic disturbance had been growing impatience among nonnuclear states
Caused a nuclear explosion. over the slow progress of the two major
, was as powers toward a nonproliferation treaty or a
national The four-day Assembly bly on Nuclear on NueaWeapons, Inter-
comprehensive test ban. The nonnuclear
sponsored by the Canadian Institute a Inn- states are raising their price for acceptance
ternational Affairs, tudies of of London, the the Institute
Carnegie Er for of a nonproliferation treaty that would apply
S
Studi Endowment to them.
for International Peace, and the American Them. hogs the conference and again in
Assembly of Columbia University. the final report, the representatives of the
The meeting was regarded field eteran nonnuclear states persistently and forcefully
the most successful, potentially diplomats In the disarmament potent elas
produc- advanced the concept that there should be
tthe m private disarmament conferences held ld . "equality of obligation." They insist that if
tive in recent years. It brought together some they are to give up nuclear weapons the nu-
80 disarmament officials and specialists from clear powers must take some related steps
A RAY OF HOPE FOR THE GENEVA 25 countries. to reduce their arms race.
DISARMAMENT TALKS Among the high officials participating in In a speech before the assembly, Mrs. Alva
the conference were Adrian A. Fisher, deputy Myrdal, the Swedish representative to the
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, the director of the United States Arms Control Geneva Disarmament Conference, even pro-
Geneva Disarmament Conference has and Disarmament Agency; Prof. V. S. Emely- posed that discussion of a nonproliferation
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June 28, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
fair share of commerce and we mean to get H.R. 1535-HAZARDOUS-DUTY PAY
k it," the Roosevelt appointee declared.. FOR CLASSIFIED EMPLOYEES
He explained that the Maritime Commis
lion's move to spend $160,000,000 for new Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, the need
construction in its first two years was neces- for legislation to compensate the Clas-
sary "because we have to act in a hurry. siflcation Act employees for periods of
In three years, 90 per cent of our fleet work involving unusually hazardous con-
will be obsolete. Considering our planned ditions, which passed the Senate on June
program, which'requires a minimum expendi- 24 was long overdue. Hazardous pay is
ture of $400,000,000 (for building only) In
the next five years, the amount asked for is presently extended to certain military,
not abnormal." Public Health Service, and wage board
The first positive step taken for, new con- personnel. But, Mr. President, the exist-
struction was an order by the comission- ing law does not authorize this premium
on its own account exclusively-for twelve for employees under the Classification
fast cargo vessels to cost from $1,500,000 to Act who may work side by side with those
$1,750,000 each. Kennedy's commission said who are now receiving the additional
it was the largest individual peacetime order compensation. The proposed bill would
for merchant cargo construction ever placed
in this country. seek to correct this inequitable situation
The commission decided to build the first by establishing schedules of pay differen-
flight of new vessels entirely with Govern- tials not to exceed a certain percentage
ment money rather than to wait to iron out of basic compensation, for Classification
difficulties and delays encountered in its pro- Act employees for any period in which
gram to rehabilitate the aging merchant they are subjected to physical hardship
fleet by subsidized private construction. or hazard not usually associated with
The need for stimulation of lagging Indus- their
try prompted the decision to proceed imme- jobs. This bill is especially merito-
diately with construction of ships which rious due to the fact that it will prevent
could be sold later to the industry. infringement through ambiguity since it
FLEETS COMPARED contains provisions that limit compensa-
As of September 1, 1939, the privately tion to those people and jobs whose phys-
owned American-flag merchant fleet con- ical hardship or, hazard was not taken
sistd of 1,379 vessels, totaling 11,700,000 into account in classifying the employee's
dead-weight tons. position.
On April 1, 1966, the active ocean-going I agree wholeheartedly with the senti-
United States merchant fleet consisted of ments of Mr. RANDOLPH and the members
ships, 1,009 Vi which 107 were Government-
assigned of his committee that premiums or extra
to to Vietnam, and 902 private ships, .
The total tonnage was 14,000,000. compensations should be authorized in
13799
hazard pay proposals by restricting cov-
erage to the most deserving cases, and by
limiting payments to periods of exposure
not taken into consideration in the
classification of the position. This bill
would also preclude the possibility of
double payment through both job classifi-
cation and separate premium, thus fore-
stalling problems often
moving employees from
remium com-
SENATOR McGOVERN MAKES VIET-
NAM PROPOSAL
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the
July 7 issue of the New York Review of
Books which is currently on the news-
stands contain an excellent article on the
subject of Vietnam written by the distin-
guished junior Senator from South Da-
kota [Mr. McGOVERN].
Senator McGovERN has set forth a
sound five-point program to achieve a
peaceful settlement of the tragic conflict
in Vietnam. Believing that his article
will be of interest to my colleagues, I ask
unanimous consent that it be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
VIETNAM: A PROPOSAL
(By Senator GEORGE MCGOVERN)
The cost of a ship in 1037 was about $1,750,- such cases as an engineer or technician Recent developments in Vietnam have
000. The cost of building a ship today in the in an experimental flight or the trial run drawn public attention away from the battle-
United States averages about $15,000,000, of of a newly built submarine. Certainly, are and focussed not so much military as political and
which the Government is subject to paying too, work at extreme heights and under moral:
should alcent as differential be rewarded and thus
abroad. are included with (2) Can we achieve our objective by a
- The y1936 Act called for a substantial those who would be covered by the bill. continuing build-up of American forces when
vac cuucru;au-nag sales.
In 1965, only 7.9 per cent of the foreign
tonnage was transported by bottoms flying
the stars and stripes. But the Norwegians
are moving 17 per Dent of the United States'
foreign commercel
The Congress of 1938 specified that no ship
over twenty years old would qualify for sub-
sidy purposes because it would be uneco-
nomical to operate.
Today 85 per cent of the American mer-
chant marine is of World War II 'vintage, or
more than 21 years old, which means the
present merchant fleet already fits into the
"bloc obsolescence" category which Joseph
Kennedy endeavored so diligently to prevent
29 years ago.
Committee, I have supported hazard pay political strife combined with a growing war
for wage board employees in the Army weariness, if not a growing resentment
and Air Force who currently in con- against the United States? What kind of
are societ
ar
fi
hti
y
e we
g
ng to preserve and what
, ditions very similar to those prescribed sort of an end to our own military commit-
in the proposed bill. The Department of ment are we prepared to accept?
the Navy authorizes differentials of 50 Ordinary warfare has its oven military logic
percent for flying in connection with geared to a military objective-destruction of
testing aircraft. The Army-Air Force the enemy's capacity to fight. This is not
wage board has authorized hazard dif- the case in Vietnam. The Vietcong has no
ferentials at twice the basic hourly rate hope of destroying our capacity to fight, and
for work performed at a height of 100 short of turning North and South Vietnam
feet and above. into a wasteland, we have no chance of
destroying their capacity to fight. It Is as
Obviously, unusual physical hardship though an elephant and a hornet were en-
or hazards which are inherent in a posi- gaged in combat.
tion, which regularly recur, and which In Vietnam, both sides are trying to destroy
In 1936, the gross national product was are performed for a substantial part of the opponent's will. This fact tends to re-
$82,500,000,000; in 1939, $90,500,000,000. To- the working time are best compensated sult in a vicious circle: Neither side can be
tali imports-exports in 1938 totaled about for through the regular position classi- physically defeated, but to withdraw from the
100,000,000 tons at a value of $5,054,868,000. ficatiori conflict appears to be a loss of face. We and
The estimated gnational product for process. However, Mr. Presi- the Vietcong, as well as Hanoi, have
19T is stitched gross $666,000,000 national product for dent, there does not now exist such a every symptom of this phenomenon in the
19 shown
65 estimated for at is 00,000,000,0 while or means for providing such compensation last year. Escalation, for both sides, has a 1966 tharly an 800 per cent increase. The 1965 where regularly assigned duties per- momentum of its own. The only hope of
foreign tonnage was 348,452,000, valued at formed under unusually hazardous con- escape from this vicious circle is the recogni-
$32,202,000,000. ditions at such irregular or intermittent tion by one side or the other of a change in
intervals that these conditions cannot the circumstances which fist drew them into
APPROPRIATION SMALLER the conflict. I believe that recent events
Yet the United States budget for fiscal 1967 be taken into consideration for position have highlighted a change of this sort for us
would appropriate only $85,000,000 for new classification. It seems logical to me, in South Vietnam.
ship construction-an amount smaller than then, that the Government should offer There are many answers given to the ques-
that called for in 1937 when the united additional remuneration to the employ- tion: "Why are we fighting in Vietnam?"
States was not involved in a war and when ees asked to make unusual risks not One answer is "to preserve democracy." This
the United States was not almost solely re- normally associated with his occupation, answer is paradoxical for two reasons: First,
eponsible for the freedom of the seas for the and for which added compensation is not there never has been real democracy in
Free World-when ships cost $1,760,000 to otherwise provided. South Vietnam; and second, it is impossible
build, compared to $15,000,000 today. to achieve a democratic society while the
Again Congress is,being,asked why it has H.R. 1535, as I see it, will fill this void fighting ecalates. It might be more reason-
failed to enforce the implementation of its and at the same time would avoid many able to say: "We are fighting to give democ-
own edict. of the problems normally associated with racy a chance." How true is this? The
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13800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE June 28, 1966
Geneva Accords provided vaguely for "gen- noble or ignoble, that enable groups to pursue program is no longer without competitors,
eral election which will bring about the ends within a political framework. That is their leaders' names are unknown to the mass
unification of Vietnam" by July 1956. At why elections within the time limits of the of the people compared with those of other
that time, the only grass-roots political Geneva Accords might have been meaning- political leaders, and although their control
force in the South was the residual presence less, and that is an important reason that we is effective in large areas of the countryside,
of the Vietminh, controlled by the Vietna- did not sign the Accords, though we com- it is minimal in the population centers; it
mese Workers Party which had governed mitted ourselves in principle to elections- may very well be that they would get a minor
North Vietnam since 1951 and which by the without time limit. fraction of the vote in an authentic election.
time of the Geneva Accords had moved into Now different competing political forces in (4) I suggest the introduction of an effec-
the first stages of a. Communist agrarian South Vietnam are beginning to feel their tive international presence in South Vietnam
revolution. Elections at that stage might strength. That is why this year is crucial for to help assure the validity and integrity of
very well have extended Communism to the the United States. For in every case where the electoral process. It should remain dur-
South; so we decided to support a supposedly one power has taken a very protective or ing an interim period to help stabilize the
benevolent nationalist regime instead. This colonial role towards another, there is a political scene. This would rectify to some
is the commitment that brought us into moment, just after indigenous political forces degree our initial mistake of intervening uni-
conflict with the Vietcong, both during the become strong enough to survive unpro- laterally in a complex struggle that calls for
Diem regime and more directly in the chaos tected, and hopefully, just before they turn action by the international community. It
which followed. But even to say, "We are impatiently on their protector, when the pro- now seems unlikely that the Security Council
fighting to give democracy a chance" is tecting power has to take the gamble of with- will undertake this task, but the members of
paradoxical when the only way we have been drawal or face the consequences of increas- the International Control Commission have
able to avoid a probable Communist dicta- ingly unified resentment of its presence. I given signs of a willingness to do so.
torship has been by avoiding the election of believe that for us this moment is near in (5) I suggest immediate reaffirmation by
1956, a form of self-determination, and by South Vietnam. the United States Government of its readi-
supporting another kind of dictatorship in What I think we should do about it in prac- ness to abide by the results of free elections,
Saigon. This is the sort of paradox that tical terms embraces the following five readiness to withdraw U.S. military troops
feeds Communist propaganda and confuses points: and bases from South Vietnam, and readi-
the American people and our friends. When (1) We should try to make credible to all ness to observe the essential provisions of the
we become trapped in such a paradoxical parties our commitment to holding elections Geneva Accords, including the possibility of
commitment, just as when we are caught up as has been promised by Premier Ky. We peaceful reunification of North and South
in a vicious circle militarily, we should ask: should make this commitment clear to the Vietnam.
"Are the circumstances still the same?" In Vietnamese military, to the different civilian The NLF may reject this proposal. Perhaps
other words, "Are we still advancing the factions, and to the rest of the world. The the most likely response is a demand for the
cause of self-determination, or are we fight- greatest danger Is that of a new army coup prior withdrawal of American troops, hark-
ing and bombing in a self-defeating effort to forestall the elections, or a move by Ky ing back again to the Geneva Accords. In
to cover the political nakeness of Saigon?" to constrict the elections to such a degree that case, the demonstrable presence of
Circumstances have changed because a that they lose all appeal to the civilian lead- North Vietnamese formations in the South
considerable evolution has taken place in the ers, and especially the Buddhist groups. We in the last year or two would give us a bar-
political life of South Vietnam since 1954. should try to maintain the momentum of gaining point. We could agree to the with-
Twelve years might seem a short time for any Ky's promise, whether or not Ky himself sur- drawal of our troops in return for the with-
significant political development unless we vives or is replaced by a new military coup drawal of North Vietnamese forces. But
remember that we are dealing with a rela- or by the sort of military-civilian panel con- whatever the initial reply from the other
tively sophisticated people whose political templated in the last few weeks. Only elec- side, I think that the cessation of our bomb-
development was arrested by colonialism. tions can produce the sort of balance that ing and offensive ground actions combined
The only political party that could exist un- will reassure jealous factions of a voice in the with a proposal for a ceasefire, open elec-
der the French was a clandestine revolution- governmefit and protection against persecu- tions, and direct negotiations is the right
ary movement, and this, of course, was taken tion. All significant political groups includ- policy for the United States. It is the right
over by the Communists. That was why po- ing the National Liberation Front must be policy If the proposal succeeds. It is the
lirtical democracy was unlikely in 1954. But invited to participate in the elections and in right policy if it starts a dialogue with the
since then, a variety of political forces has the arrangements for the elections. enemy, no matter how protracted. And it is
emerged. In the first place, there was Diem's (2) I suggest no further US military build- the right policy even if the NLF rejects It for
party (the National Revolutionary Move- up in Vietnam pending elections. I would a time, because it will show the non-Com-
ment) and its subsidiary Civil Servants' urge that we end the bombing operations munist political forces in Vietnam and the
League. In name, of course, this group is and that we curtail our offensive operations rest of the world that the United States
discredited, but most of its members and on the ground. desires peace and self-determination for
organizers are still alive (in the case of the (3) I suggest that we or Saigon seriously Southeast Asia.
otiate directly with the Na-
t to ne
tt
g
emp
Civil Servants' League (still in the same hier- a
archical framework) and its ideology it not tional Liberation Front for a ceasefire before
forgotten. The ideology was unconnected the elections. I have always found it dif-
with the oppressive character of the regime, ficult to understand the rationality of re-
and would still appeal as an anti-Communist, fusing that NLF negotiate with
a fighting the NLF. If
controlled Is
Christian-Democratic program to the 11/2
force million Catholics in the South who were by Hanoi as a subsidiary of the northern
Diem's principal supporters. In different Communist Party, then it makes no dif-
ways, the Diem regime promoted two further ference
Hanoi heth Government, we del with far he northern
with
political groupings. A nationalist army in-
evitably came to demand a voice in the man- elements are concerned, dealing with them
agement of the war, and the Buddhists were admits no more than that they are in the
impelled to political action by the heavy- South, and as far as southern elements are
handed tactics of the Catholic minority. All concerned, dealing with them could not be
three of these political forces-the Catholics, objectionable unless it amounted to a recog-
the Army, and the Buddhists-are influenced nition of their belligerency in a legal sense,
by regionalisms rooted deeply in the history which would be quite unnecessary. If, on
of the area. Regionalism divides the Cath- the other hand, the NLF Is, as it claims to be,
olics, it divides the Buddhists, and it divides a. fully representative independent southern
the Army. And there are, further, the purely organization, we must talk with them di-
regional groups of the million Cao-Dal, the rectly one day. To quibble over the implica-
2 million. Hoa-Hao, and the Montagnard tions of recognizing the existence of the
tribesmen. In addition to regionalism, the NLF when so many lives are being lost every
Army, as a political forces is compromised day in warfare with them is a nightmarish
by the Buddhist-Catholic division, the off l- absurdity.
resent about equally divided. As to the participation of the NLF in the
at
bein
g
p
cers
Many of these political forces have been seen election and the arrangements for such an
in operation in the I Corps crisis of the last election, it seems to me that those are the
two months. only terms they could accept for a ceasefire.
All of these forces existed in a sense in A ceasefire is important to the success of the
1954, but none of them had any collective election process. Furthermore, the objec-
identity, none of them had any political self- tions to NLF participation that were valid
consciousness; they had no recognized polit- ten years ago no longer apply. As previously
Ical leaders, no articulated political ambi- stated, they are by no means the only organ-
tions. None of them shared the feelings, fzed national political force any longer; their
WAR ON POVERTY BEING ESCA-
LATED
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent to
insert the RECORD an editorial which
appeared in the Williamson, W. Va.,
Daily News of June 20 entitled "War on
Poverty Being Escalated."
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WAR ON POVERTY BEING ESCALATED
For those who are wondering if we can
expect victory or at least a negotiated peace
in the war on poverty, we can only advise
patience. And a strong stomach.
In Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 16 boys were
persuaded to defect from the other side of
the tracks and wear tuxedoes to a high school
function, courtesy of Sargent Shriver's Of-
fice of Economic Opportunity, with the tax-
payers picking up a $290 tab. However, there
may be some subtle symbolism here and hope
for the fliture. If poor boys can get used to
wearing tuxes they may be influenced to
become capitalists. In time they may even
be able to contribute to $100-a-plate polit-
ical dinners.
Thanks to OEO, wages are going up. At
least in the OEO. A welding instructor
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Committee lamely announced that its im- est in learning." This is so true, Mr.
niunity was granted by statute and could Speaker, and the Project Headstart pro-
not be waived. Lawyers say they can find no
bar, legal or moral, that prevents the chair- _ gram is one of the finest means to help
man or members from repeating as personal provide incentive and interest to these
knowledge, conviction, or belief what they less fortunate children, not Only in my
subscribed to as committee members under area of the country, but throughout the
the umbrella of legislative immunity. Nation.
While the Burns committee has been con- I would like to call to the aktention of
fecting its wild allegations about the Uni- my colleagues a very fine editorial on
versity of California, and while Ronald
Reagan has been endorsing the slander with Our Project Headstart program in my
cries of "More," competent professional area by Mr. Phil Johnson, editorial
opinion has been solicited by the American writer for WWL.-TV station in New Or-
Council of Education. On the basis of a leans. The editorial of June 6, 1966,
nationwide survey among 400.0 educators and follows:
administrators, involving 109 universities, Quite soon now New Orleans will begin for
the Council reports in effect that the Uni- the second year one of the most ambitious,
versity of California is the
It finds that Berkeley stands among the
nation's leaders in five significant categories
of learning-the humanities, social sciences,
biological sciences, physical sciences and
engineering-that ten of its academic de-
partments are the nation's best in point of
faculty, that seven rank first for effectiveness
of graduate programs, and that only one of
its 28 major departments ranks as low as
sixth,
This is the university that the Burns com-
mittee would have the public believe is "a
deluge of filth" and this is the faculty and
administration that Ronald Reagan wants
dismissed as "responsible for its degradation."
Project Headstart
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HALE BOGGS
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ever to be undertaken here. It is "Project
Headstart." And as you might remember
from last summer, it is a plan to introduce
about 3500 children of low income areas in
New Orleans to pre-school training. This
may sound somewhat like double talk . .
but it isn't. Pre-school training, in this
sense, is most Important. Because it can
have a definite, positive effect on lessening
the dropout problem in later years. And it
goes like this: the idea is to introduce the
concept of schooling and education to young-
sters who, because of environment or family
income difficulties, have been given no in-
centive for learning. One educator put the
problem this way: "One of the great prob-
lems is that parents who have little formal
education themselves tend not to encourage
their children to attend school. Or, not to
make any real educational effort, if they do."
Because of this, another goal of "Project
Headstart" is to bring the parents to school
also and give them an idea of what edu-
cation can mean for their children
It
.
has long been thought that the primary
cause of many school dropouts was a lack
of incentive at the very beginnings of
formal education. A child starts school
ill-prepared to receive hi
ed
t
s
uca
ion. And
Monday, June 27, 1966 after several setbacks, or failures, is easily
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, once again inclined to give it all up and quit alto-
gether. "Project Headstart" hopes to pre-
the splendid Project Headstart pro- vent this by summer-long pre-school classes,
gram=designed to help in a concrete up to the kindergarten level, for youngsters
way the culturally underprivileged chil- four to six. The Orleans Parish School Board
dren throughout our country-has begun will conduct "Project Headstart" with funds
in my city of New Orleans. This year, forwarded by the Federal Office of Economic
this constructive program will reach Opportunity. There is one problem: volun-
some 3,500 children in the New Orleans teers are needed to help make the project
area. go ? ? . 700 volunteers are needed to help at
Project Headstart is an integral part If neighborhood centers all over New Orleans.
. the Project can help . . . if you'd like to . . .
y program, which is be- call the School Board and volunteer today.
ing coordinated thr
h
t t
oug
ou
he Nation
by the Office of Economic Opportunity.
This program provides to culturally de-
prived, preschool age children instruc-
tion and training in basic hygiene, de-
portment, and personality development.
In the New Orleans area, some 175
school teachers, 36 school principals, 175
team room mothers, 12 nurses, and 12
visiting teachers will take part in Proj-
ect Headstart this summer, In addition,
some 700 volunteers are needed to assist
the professional staffers in their good
Dr, Malcolm Rosenberg, assistant indeed when a man compiles _a"record This is certainly good news for freedom
superintendent of the New Orleans pub- of six decades of services to a company, and for our troops fighting in Vietnam. We
lie school system,. stated last week in the 44 years of which were as president, but all hope and pray that long before the next
orlentatiori Independence Day arrives, peace will have
program for professional that is the record of Felix M. McWhirter, been attained and the Vietnamese conflict
staffers that ",last year's program has of Indianapolis, who is now chairman of will have become a part of history.
proved that Project Headstart can make the board of the People's Bank & Trust President Johnson's policy is to stand
a difference. The way we meet our re- CO. strong with a sword in one hand and an olive
sponsibility to the children will deter- I believe the following editorial from branch in the other. He warned North Viet-
"no whether they become apathetic, the June 22, 1966, Indianapolis Star is a nam again recently that this nation will In-but, i n
indifferent, and inevitably school drop- fitting tribute to an outstanding period crease its breath, t in he said Vietnam
a peaceful
outs, or whether they become successful of service to the city, both by the bank and honorable settlement will be to the t
students with a keen curiosity and inter- and by Mr. McWhirter, interests of all concerned.
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June 28, 1966
A MAN AND A BANK
Six decades of service to a company, includ-
ing 44 years as its president, make quite a
record. That's the story of Felix M. Mc-
Whirter, now chairman of the board of the
People's Bank & Trust Company.
The bank celebrated its 75th anniversary
Monday, and at the same time honored
McWhirter. He became the hank's second
president in 1915, holding that position until
1959. Meanwhile he also found time for
numerous civic responsibilities and for serv-
ice in the Naval Reserve, including active
duty throughout World War II.
The bank itself is a distinctive institution.
It was the outgrowth of a real estate office
founded by McWhirter's father, Felix T., and
is the only bank in town to go through the
shifting fortunes of the last half century
without being involved in a merger. It's
been imaginative, with a drive-up window in
1931 and a coupon-book installment credit
department in 1936. It made the first FHA
the bank and the
ianapolis to grow.
Reports on Vietnam Encouraging as In-
dependence Day Approaches
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, reports from Vietnam have
taken on an encouraging tone of late
which gives rise to cautious optimism
regarding the outlook for a conclusion
to this conflict.
In this connection, my recent news-
letter, Capitol Comments, discusses these
reports and their significance. I have
unanimous consent that Capitol Com-
ments be reprinted in the Appendix of
the RECORD, believing it to be of inter-
est to my colleagues and to the Nation
generally.
The newsletter follows:
CAPITOL. COMMENTS-REPORTS ON VIETNAM
ENCOURAGING AS INDEPENDENCE DAY AP-
PROACHES
(By JOE L. EVINS)
As we approach Independence Day 1966, it
is heartening to hear reports that the tide is
runnin i
EXTENSION OF REMARKS g n our favor In South Vietnam.
Thera is a --1- -14,,,, _ .:.--z __ _.1_
HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY
uy euosLantlai commentary and
comment by officials, informed observers and
OF INDIANA and that the time may be approaching when
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES North Vietnam will no longer be able to sifs-
tain the rate of losses in manpower and
Tuesday, June 28, 1966 equipment that it
 June 28, 1966
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- APPENDIX A2445
ences to a number of authors ranging
from Plato to T. S. Eliot.
Mr. Campaigne takes issue with the
Secretary's interpretation of one phase of
Greek history. He correctly points out
that, rather than things getting better
in the fifth century B.C., when Plato
wrote his concern over the attitude of
young persons toward their elders in par-
ticular and authority in general-a sit-
uation that prevails today-it was only
one generation after Plato's remarks
that Athenian democracy was dead.
Using quotations from the past is not
enough. We must, as Mr. Campaigne
states, study history as well. Other-
wise, as the philosopher George San-
ana wrote in his "Life of Reason."
t
ay
"Those who cannot remember the past
are condemned to repeat it."
LEr A LrrrLE CHILD LEAD Us? WHO?
By Jameson G. Campaigne)
Secretary of Defense Robert
college McNamara
Pitts-
made a speech at a girls' ntl
--
h
Edith Hamilton, the greatest Greek scholar
of modern times, once wrote: "Is it rational
that now when young people may have to
face problems harder than we face, is it
reasonable that with the atomic age before
them, at this time we are giving up the study
of how the Greeks and Romans prevailed
magnificently in a barbaric world; and study
too of how that triumph ended; how slack-
ness and softness finally came over them to
their ruin?"
Even mighty America can be brought to its
knees if our people grow slack and soft as
did the Greeks-and later the Romans.
Cicero said, "To be ignorant of the past is to
remain a child."
Great nations cannot be successfully led by
children.
Where's Your Flag?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES J. HOWARD
Wake up and think of the :bombs in the air.
Let's all be thankful that our Sage is STILL
there.
For under your Flag you have nothing to
fear.
Your country is strong and your God is near.
Are you proud or ashamed of this emblem of
might?
Are you going to display it, or keep it from
sight?
Are you proud of the men who so gallantly
bore
These colors to victory on the enemy shore?
Do you know the dead, and the wounded too
Who sacrificed all for this Flag, and you?
It's your Flag if you want it, to fly or to hide.
You can show to the world what you have
inside.
Never knowing defeat, never knowing shame,
Our flag flies on high, without blemish or
blame.
Old Glory, Old Glory, in its beauty unfurled
Is a symbol of peace and of love to the world.
"Dear God of America, touch the hearts of
the true,
That they'll all fly their colors, the Red,
White and Blue".
OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Ray
Bowden, 125 Heck Avenue, Ocean Grove,
N.J., who is a true American in the finest
tradition, composed a. poem several years
ago after returning to his home from a
Memorial Day parade and ceremonies.
Mr. Bowden was concerned that patriot-
ism seemed to be diminishing as evi-
denced by fewer homes and businesses
displaying our American flag on national
holidays and his poem is the result of
that anxiety.
Upon the urging of a friend, Mr. Bow-
den had his poem printed in placard form
with our flag pictured in color in the
upper corners. These placards were
placed in store windows and the owners
have displayed them. each Memorial Day
since receiving them. Mr. Bowden has
been happy to notice a great increase in
flags flying throughout his area on
Memorial Day and other appropriate
occasions and his many friends feel that
this is due largely to his inspiring ex-
ample of patriotism.
I am pleased to have this opportunity
to present Mr. Bowden's poem for my
colleagues to read and I know each and
every one will be impressed as was I by
its depth and sincerity.
Mr. Bowden's poem follows:
WHERE'S YOUR FLAG?
Gone are the days when the flag went by
When hats were raised, with a tear in the
eye
And hearts were sad with memories and
thought
At the cost of which our Flag was bought.
re
burg
The girls didn't walk out in protest against
the war in Viet Nam as some of the bushy-
haired boys at Amherst did on a similar oc-
casion. McNamara started by saying: "The
era we live in has been called the age of
protest. However ... it is not ny clear
who is doing the most protesting, the
young people against their elders, or the
elders against their children. Here, for ex-
ample, is one view from the elders:
"'Children today are just too soft; they
have 'bad manners, contempt for authority,
disrespect for their elders; talk too much
and work too little ... They contradict their
parents, monopolize the conversation in front
of guests, have miserable table manners, a
slouchy posture and they tyrannize their
teachers.'
"Now I must confess," said McNamara, "I
didn't read that particular view in the news-
paper. It was written by Plato in the Fifth
Century B.C. If it seems an unduly pessi-
mistic view, one can take some small meas-
ure of consolation in the thought that by
Plato's time things seemed to have been
getting somewhat better."
So i suppose we should not worry if our
children act the way Plato described the chil-
dren of Athens. After all, everything turned
out 9,11 right for Athens, didn't it?
It did? Within a generation from the
time Plato spoke, Athenian democracy was
dead. Athens' greatest philosopher, Socra-
tes, was condemned to death by the Athenian
mob for daring to differ with the teachings
of his contemporaries. The great Age of
Pericles, which existed when Plato made his
remarks, ended with the war against Sparta
which decimated and weakened the Athenian
state. Later Alexander the Great of Mace-
donia finished off the job his father Philip
started. He conquered not only Athens but
all of Greece and set off to conquer Asia.
"The glory that was Greece" disappeared
into ashes and never rose again. After Alex-
ander came the disciplined phalanxes of the
Roman Legions. All that survived of Greece
were fragments of its literature and ruins of Gone are the thoughts of great men of deeds Berkeley were one-tenth as foul and intol-
its great buildings. pushed aside for the fiction and comics one erable as the Burns report sought to paint it,
Plato was right in warning about the moral reads a legislative investigation would be of the
decay of Athens. And those of us who warn How many think of that price which was utmost urgency, political campaign or no. seems be tang in the moral decay
United that s are to not j st paid The history of the committee suggests that if
sang in in the United States are not - At the gates of a hell that was truly man- implications of the report had substance and
scolds and crackpots. We believe, with Abra- Lincoln, the United States will "live made? could be supported by any evidence, the com-
ham. through h all throll l time time or die io by suicide." And Wake up, Americans! Both North and South mittee would have convened hearings spon-Ostentatiousl moral and spiritual decay mark the begin- Let the praise of America come out from dtaneo ing andeagan or anybody el with no prod-
ning of the suicide of nations. your mouth.
w the same t Clark
If we ignore the lessons of history, or if, Don't trample the Colored, the Christian or discretion the wcommitte e it meplaynge t
like McNamara, i do not even study It, we Jew make will repeat the failures of previous civiliza- Just remember forever, the same God made the ofn t egisl tivesimmunity. The
tions, you.
UC's Defamers Face Hard Times
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. PHILLIP BURTON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. BURTON of California. Mr.
Speaker, earlier today I joined in a sa-
lute to the University of California on the
floor of the House.
Now I should like to call the attention
of my colleagues to the following edi-
torial which appeared in the San Fran-
cisco Chronicle dealing with the recent
attacks on this great university:
UC's DEFAMERS FACE HARD TIMES
Ronald Reagan, the actor and candidate
for the Republican nomination for Gover-
nor, has (unwittingly perhaps) turned a
highly revealing light on the quality of the
"supplemental report" in which the State
Senate Un-American Activities Committee
recently slandered the University of Cali-
fornia at Berkeley and its student body.
He urged the committee-from reasons
that are obvious-to conduct hearings into
its charges, intimations and innuendoes to
the effect that the Berkeley campus is a
refuge for communists and that 10 per cent
of the students are homosexuals. Senator
Hugh M. Burns replied to that request with
instant rejection. "We have serious reserva-
tions," he said, "about the advisability of
convening a legislative hearing in the heat
of a political campaign."
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June 28; :,966
CONGRESSIONAL
Because of the great buildup in Vietnam
the courage, ability and gallant fighting
qualities of the American fighting man, there
is a growing belief in Washington that the
initiative now resides with oui forces. At the
present time, our troops are hammering at
Vietcong concentrations to destroy them be-
fore the so-called "'monsoon offensive" can
be launched. Our forces are taking a heavy
toll of Communists. Since January, the
Communists have lost an estimated 23,000
men-more than ten times the United States'
losses.
President Johnson recently emphasized
this comparison of losses with the implica-
tion that North Vietnam cannot continue to
sustain this rate. of casualties. Therein lies
the hope for peace. The President also em-
phasized that the Communists are not de-
pending upon their military power to achieve
victory. He said they are depending upon
political division and dissension in the
United States and Saigon forcing United
States withdrawal. That, said the President,
is the factor that gives the Communists hope
for victory.
President Johnson and the Congress, how-
ever, have made it clear that the United
States intends to remain in South Vietnam
until an honorable settlement is reached and
democratic _self-government established in
that nation. There are also strong indica-
tions that the government in Saigon has
successfully withstood its major internal
challenge-and can now devote its full time
to winning its war for freedom. This is added
grounds for hope and optimism.
Ai we remember the Americans who fought
and died to secure and preserve freedom
since the Declaration of Independence was
signed almost 200 years ago, we must remem-
ber and honor our servicemen who are now
fighting in Vietnam. They are freedom's
heroes of this generation.
Tight Morley
EXTENSION OF REMARKS-
or
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, the fol-
lowing editorial from the Wall Street
Journal of June 27 speaks volumes about
the responsibility of the Government in
promoting the tight money situation
which today is preventing builders from
getting mortgage money and buyers
from getting needed financing for home
purchases. The editorial follows:
The tightness of the money market, in
short, can only increase as long as the Fed-
eral Government goes on expanding its
spending and borrowing, relying on monetary
policy as almost its sole defense against in-
flation. The Federal Reserve System's steps
to curb bank credit growth up to now have
been pretty cautious, but continued inaction
elsewhere in Washington sooner or later will
force the System to sterner moves.
Monetary policy can accomplish a good
deal. To the extent that it restricts demand,
the inflationary squeeze on manpower and
materials is. eased. And after years of super-
easy credit and exuberant expansion, the
housing market may profit from something
of a breathing spell.
It's unfair as well as risky, however, to put
the anti-inflation task mainly on the bank-
ing industry. Mr. Laeri may be right when
he says most banks realize the importance
RECORD - APPENDIX
of their role and are acting accordingly. Yet
evidence of shaky and speculative lending
in certain areas suggests that some banks-
and savings institutions, too---remain eager
for growth no matter what.
The Government, after all, can't expect all
financial institutions to show restraint when
it exhibits so little itself. The longer It fol-
ows its present free-spending course, the
greater the risk that the eventual victim will
not be merely the housing or savings in-
dustry, but the nation's entire economy.
Open Letter to President Johnson
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MASTON O'NEAL
OF GEORGIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. O'NEAL of Georgia. Mr. Speaker,
the American farmer is not happy with
his role. He is tired of hearing propa-
ganda about what the administration
has done for him when he has firsthand
knowledge of what the administration
has done to him. The farmer is no
longer fighting for prosperity but rather
for survival.
My good friend Bill Lanier, president
of the Georgia Farm Bureau Federation,
has summed up the complaints of farm-
ers in an open letter to President John-
son which was originally published in
the Georgia Farm Bureau News. I com-
mend this timely letter to my colleagues
so that they may have a better under-
standing of the plight of American agri-
culture:
[Reprint from the Georgia Farm Bureau
News]
PRESIDENT'S REPORT: AN OPEN LETTER
(By William L. Lanler, GFBF president)
DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: Farmers have
seen where you have backed the House action
which would require farmers to pay min-
imum wages for hired labor. Under the
House version this farmer requirement would
become effective with $1.00 an hour on Feb-
ruary 1, 1967, $1.15 cents an hour on Feb-
ruary 1, 1968, and $1.30 an hour on February
1, 1969. A farmer with less than 500 man-
days each 4 months would be exempt from
the minimum wage.
Mr. President, farmers are aware that re-
gardless of how small they are they have to
pay prevailing wage rates, or rates their larger
neighbors pay, in order to compete for hired
labor. Therefore, the fact that you exclude
the small farmer is no comfort at all. Due to
your action the small farmer will have to
pay the higher rate. Besides that, when you
pay a set scale to the less skilled hired farm
laborer the farmer will be forced to pay an
even higher rate for the skilled hired farm
laborer.
What we want you to do Mr. President, is
to advise the farm owner how he can pay
hired labor more than he himself makes from
the farm. You see, Mr, President, the farm
owner himself realizes only 90 cents an hour
for his own labor and that of his family with
no return on his investment, risk, and
management. Is the hired help supposed to
make more than the owner of the business
even though the owner of the business has
the responsibility for investment and capital
risk and works himself?
And another thing, Mr. President, you re-
cently got on nationwide television to ad-
vise and tell housewives of the nation they
A3447
should be careful when it comes to buying
food and paying high prices. You inferred,
Mr. President, that about 80 per cent of in-
flation was caused by high farm food prices
and three metals. Not only did you do this,
but your administration ordered the military
to cut pork purchases by 50 per cent because
the price of pork was too high. Your ad-
ministration ordered the elimination of but-
ter from the military because the cost of
butter was too high. Your administration
dumped millions upon millions of bushels of
feed grains on the market and it was brought
out and admitted that this was done to drive
down the price of corn and grain.
'Mr. President, your administration then
placed the embargo on export of cow hides
and skins to drop the price of cows an aver-
age of $4 a head. The importation of meats
of all kinds into the country was stepped up.
Cheddar cheese imports were stepped up.
All of these things were done, Mr. Presi-
dent, to drive down farm prices when farm
prices were averaging only 82 per cent of
parity--only 82 per cent of a fair price. This
was done Mr. President, even though there
are more people and families in the rural
areas of the nation whose income is below
the poverty level based upon the yardstick
your administration developed.
Mr. President, we believe you know the
real cause of inflation. Also, we believe you
know that farmers are realizing less for the
food in the average farm food market basket
now than in 1948 or 1951. According to of-
ficial government figures, the farm value of
the food in the farm food market basket in
February, 1966 was only $458. In both 1948
and 1951 the farm value was $497. So in Feb-
ruary of this year the farmer was getting $39
less than he received 15 to 18 years ago. The
only thing is that the farmer can't find any-
thing in his production purchases that cost
less-it's more. Can the farmer continue to
pay more for what he buys and get less for
what the sells?
Mr. President, we know your Bureau of
Budget tried to greatly reduce the School
Milk program, reduce appropriations for agri-
cultural education, agricultural research and
deemphasize about everything else pertain-
ing to agriculture.
Now, Mr. President, what do you think is
going to happen to the farmer? Presently
the farming community purchases more rub-
ber, petroleum products, steel and other
items than any other group. If present feel-
ings towards the farmer continues-not only
will farmers be hurting but the people we do
business with will be hurting also.
We have 53,186 farm family members in
our organization. They are concerned with
the future of agriculture. Mr. President-
how would you answer them?
Save the Grand Canyon
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, de-
struction or disfigurement of the Grand
Canyon would be an incalculable loss to
this and future generations of Ameri-
cans. It is undoubtedly true that new
sources of water must be found for the
Southwest, but the Colorado River Basin
project is not the way to do it. Under
leave to extend my remarks I ask that
that following editorial from the Pitts-
burgh Press of June 21, 1966, be included
at this point in the RECORD.
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A3448
GRAND CANYON GIVEAWAY
The West needs water-and should have
Federal help In getting it. But not at the
expense of the Grand Canyon.
Congress is getting ready to act on a
clumsy, costly and unimaginative plan to
finance a diversion of Colorado River waters
to dry areas of Arizona.
The U.S. Reclamation Bureau wants to
slap up two dams, a 511-million-dollar job
just below Grand Canyon National Park and
a 360-million-dollar structure just above it.
The impoundments would flood 13 miles of
the inner canyon within the National Park.
This abuse of a natural wonder might be
justified as a last-resort measure if this plan
alone would provide the needed water. But
that's not even the purpose of the plan.
Instead, the dams are Intended merely as
a financing device. They would produce
hydro-electric power, the sale of which would
pay for a 500-million-dollar aqueduct.
This is absurd. If the Government wants
to finance the aqueduct by power sales it
could do so much more cheaply and effi-
ciently by building steam or nuclear gen-
erating plants.
Further, construction of the dams would
waste the very water that is in such short
supply-through seepage in the dams' porous
sides and evaporation over the vast reservoir
surfaces.
The architects of this clumsy scheme ob-
viously don't dare risk a proposal to go into
the power business In a businesslike way-
locating efficient steam or nuclear plants
near potential markets. (Most of the ulti-
mate consumers are in California. This
would draw down on them the ire of a well-
organized private power lobby.)
Instead, under the guise of a. "reclamation"
project, they prefer to take something away
from all the people, who don't have well-
heeled lobbyists to protest.
The interests of true national economy
probably would be better served by just pay-
ing for the aqueduct out of the general fund.
The whole nation, after all, will profit from
development of arid regions of the West.
Meanwhile, this cynical and unimaginative
scheme--known as the Colorado River Basin
Project---should be pigeonholed.
He was welcoihed to the August ceremonies
by a rousing chorus of boos, cat-calls and
hisses from the scholarly If somewhat slat-
ternly student body members who chose to
disagree with their guest's viewpoint on cer-
tain highly complex international issues.
Several hundred of the beared-and-
leotard set waited until he started to deliver
his speech and then clumped noisly and
ostentatiously out of the stadium, trailing
their gimcrack signs and florid posters
behind them.
JOKED ABOUT IT
The speaker took this particularly offen-
sive oafishness in stride, remarking mildly
that a lifetime spent in labor-management
negotiations had accustomed him to a cer-
tain amount of this sort of thing. The uni-
versity president cracked it few jokes about
it, and the chancellor positively beamed
jovial approval upon his morose mutineers.
Some especially fatuous remarks were ex-
changed about the "invigorating climate of
free, inquiry" and the "healthy exercise of
the right to disagree" which so obviously per-
meated the campus and which had just
happened to seek expression by roundly
insulting a distinguished and invited guest.
Now I hold no brief for Mr. Goldberg.
Much of his speech I felt like booing myself,
notably the part where he deprecated his-
toric patriotism and made a big pitch for
submerging our national identity in the great
world state of international brotherhood.
Considering the condition of International
brotherhood these days, this would be equiv-
alent to the submerging of his identity
which Daniel underwent when he was tossed
Into the lions' den. But I grimly restrained
myself.
Why? Because my sainted mother taught
me at a very early age to be polite to people
whom I invited into my home. Whether
I liked them or not.
INVITED GUEST
Mn Goldberg was a guest in the academic
home of these unwashed undergraduates.
He didn't force himself upon them. They
weren't forced to come hear him. They
could have remained in their pads and con-
tinued their interminable coloquy on the
delights of LSD and the best way to avoid
the draft.
However, they didn't. They chose to go
out of their wav to be rude to a world figure
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, Max
Rafferty, the California Superintendent
of Public Instruction, has rubbed elbows
with the Great Society "bearded set."
In an article that appeared in the Rock-
ford Morning Star on June 26, 1966, Dr.
Rafferty sums up his view of his brush
with bearded behavior.
Under unanimous consent I include
the article at this point in the RECORD:
BEARDED SET CHOOSES To BE RUDE
A few weeks ago I sat in on an exhibition
of educational snobbishness which would
have raised Emily Post's eyebrows clear up
to the part in her hair. One of our great
universities had formally invited Arthur
Goldberg to address its annual charter day
exercises, and our United Nations ambassador
had flown from coast to coast in order to
participate.
invited.
Frankly, I'm at a loss to label this type of
behavior. If the big-mouths had been ultra-
conservative, then of course there would have
been no problem of labeling. The press
would have leaped to dust off the "anti-
semitic" tag, and it would have been hung
promptly and permanently around the necks
of the dissenters.
But the booers and hissers in this case
were impeccably liberal, bearing all the stig-
mata of the ultra-left from Prince Valiant
hairdos to John-the-Baptist sandals. And
of course we know that leftists are never,
never anti-semitic, are they?
SUPPRESS INQUIRY
I'm equally sure that the behavior I wit-
nessed had. nothing whatever to do with any
"Inquiry" which may hang about this campus
like smog about the La Brea tar pits. What
I saw was the exact opposite of free inquiry.
It was a raucous and preplotted attempt to
suppress it.
I'm reluctant to call this conduct stupid
ignorance; if only because everyone is con-
stantly telling me how brilliant and tal-
ented these bearded beatniks actually are.
So I can only conclude that their mothers
never taught them how to behave to visitors.
Apparently what mater failed to do, alma
mater Is now going to have to undertake.
It does seem rather a waste of taxpayers'
money, though, to usher these mewling Mao-
June 2B, X966
isle through a university course in elementary
good manners. Maybe it would be cheaper
to give them an entrance exam in etiquette
before letting them in the place originally.
Oh, I almost forgot.
OWN FAULT
I got booed, too, shortly before Mr. Gold-
berg took his licks. But I figure it was my
own darned fault. You see, I had thought-
lessly showered before going on campus. If
I had just managed to avoid soap and razor
for a couple of weeks before the event I'm
sure I would have been readily accepted as
one of the "In" group.
Who knows? They might even have asked
m3 to take "tea" with them. After we had
shown our devotion to free speech, of course,
by walking out on Mr. Goldberg.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the Peoria
Journal Star editorial on June 25, 1966,
clearly states the danger of the Supreme
Court when it delves into the area of
legislating. The Court needs to main-
tain a sensible balance between the
rights of the criminal and the victim of
the criminal. This editorial points out
that the Court has become overly con-
cerned with academic theories. The
result of this unrealistic approach can
be seen in the rising crime rate. When.
the Court fails to respect the legislative
processes-its example further damages
respect for the law. The editorial fol-
lows:
MORE BLIND JUSTICE
The U.S. Supreme Court, while progres-
sively hamstringing effective law enforce-
ment at the local level on those kinds of
outright crime that have been regarded as
immoral since Moses (murder, arson, rape
and armed robbery), is at the very same
time vastly strengthening the capacity of
federal authorities to step in and smash
individuals and corporations on technical
charges involving the "crime" of not pur-
suing a federal "policy."
The latest example of this has been the
high court "legislating" the right of the
attorney general to step in and prevent a
business merger or purchase with no evi-
dence at all while "investigating" to see if
antitrust laws are involved.
This Is an authority repeatedly sought
from Congress, and repeatedly refused. It
has not only never been part of the anti-
trust laws made by Congress.
Now, the court has taken it unto itself to
"broaden" the statute where Congress
refused.
Regardless of the issue, this is becoming a
serious and alarming usurpation of unre-
strained power by the court on behalf of the
government, without the "consent" of the
people or the people's representatives.
Once again, the high court seems blind to
consequences, and concerned only with
academic theories ... on a scale that doubles
the danger to society from their penchant
for also using raw power without restraint.
Thus, a Peoria serviceman can be nabbed
in Massachusetts on his way to report to his
combat ship for duty, locked up in jail for
days and forced into an AWOL situation for
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 28, 1966
footnotes in the book of modern happen-
ings we are wont to call recent history.
But once every few years fate deposits
upon our doorsteps a strange bundle, in-
deed. This time she has outdone herself.
The following editorial from the Denver
Post speaks for itself:
JUSTICE
All over the world today, people who have
reason to remember the kind of man Adolf
Hitler was, and what he did, must be savor-
ing the thought that his daughter has
married a 'Jew, and is seeking conversion to
Judaism.
Some, no doubt, will cite this as absolute
ise of humor.
Cher Jew said it best
President Johnson's Confidence Rises on
Vietnam Conflict
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker,
there is growing evidence of grounds for
optimism,over the situation in Vietnam.
In this connection a distinguished col-
umnist, Mr. Richard Wilson, wrote re-
cently in an article in the Washington
Star that there is a general improvement
of the U.S. position in international
affairs.
I ask unanimous consent that this col-
umn be reprinted in the Appendix of the
RECORD, believing it to be of interest to
my colleagues and to the Nation.
The article follows:
JOHNSON'S CONFIDENCE RISES ON VIETNAM
CONFLICT
(By Richard Wilson)
continue to infiltrate and support in the day Messenger, June 26, 1966. This story
south. traces briefly the history of this com-
On the basis of this speculation the Presi- munity and significantly points up the
dent has renewed his public approach to Ho expanding and growing future role which
Chi Minh with a sword in one hand and an the town of Logan is playing in the de-
olive branch in the other. He hints at an in-
crease in U.S. forces while promising that
there is honor for all In making peace. southeastern Ohio region.
This approach is not made in a vacuum, for I should like to make particular men-
it must be as evident to Ho Chi Minh and his tion of the fact that, on the occasion of
government as it is to everyone else that its 150th birthday, Logan is opening this
Southeast Asia is turning away from militant year an ultramodern Hocking Valley
communism. This is the principal thing Community Hospital. It has also, in
learned by Harrison E. Salisbury, a member recent months, acquired a very important
of the editorial board of the New York Times,-
on a trip through Southeast Asia. Salisbury's industrial complex, with the location at
conclusions correspond to those the Johnson Logan of the Lockheed-Georgia subas-
is also evident on the face of events that mil-
itant communism is not now considered the
wave of the future in Cambodia, Thailand,
Laos, or even Burma.
The President has veered away from de-
nouncing communism per se. He talks now
solely in terms of stopping aggression by any
would-be conquerors and for the freedom of
100 nations without mentioning political
ideologies. So it is against militancy and for
free choice that we are fighting, even if that
free choice should produce Communist gov-
ernments provided they were non-militant.
This is perhaps a narrow distinction but it is
the basis on which he offers Ho Chi Minh an
honorable settlement.
Concurrently, conditions begin to emerge
and give hope in official Washington that
Japan, India, an& now Indonesia, as well as
Korea, Taiwan and the countries of Southeast
Asia will come to represent more than just
an imaginary balancing force against militant
China.
Britain has decided to maintain its forces
in the Indian Ocean and keep them available
for peace-keeping and . aggression-stopping
article in the
this time:
pride I insert the above
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at
LOGAN: TOWN WITH A PAST, FETES 150TH
YEAR
(EDITOR'S NOTE.-Towns, like people, have
birthdays. Logan residents will celebrate the
150th birthday of their town June 28 through
July 4. Logan's most recent historian, James
D. Wells of 272 W. Main St., has prepared a
historical booklet, "Journey To Tomorrow,"
now on sale at the Logan Sesquicentennial
headquarters in the old Hocking Valley Hos-
pital building. The booklet traces Logan's
history, from its beginning to present times.
Published by Beacon Press, the booklet is il-
lustrated with reproductions of old photo-
graphs and pencil sketches by Floyd Hiles
and Irene Stillson. The following article is
based upon facts contained in the Wells
booklet, The Harris History 1957, by the late
Charles H. Harris, former managing editor of
The Athens Messenger, and Historical Col-
lections of Ohio, 1888, by Henry Howe.)
(By Doug Geary)
missions. Prime Minister Harold Wilson re- LOGAN.-Before white men settled in the
tempt tof ceftheed the left-wing og labor at- Hocking Valley, the Logan area was the home
tempt orce an. government t t to pull out of of Wyandotte Indians, bears, deer, elk, and
the Iudiftn Ocean. occasional buffalo. In addition to the game,
Thus the whole Western operation Asia the Hocking River provided fish for many a
takes on more form m and and credibility even a as s hungry Indian.
public opinion in the United States begins to The Wyandots ndian of the Hocking Valley had a
u.s.of It.
that at No orth y t Viet- that good thing going for them. Following Lord
intelliggenencce led the concludes President
tire U.Sh Dunmore's 1774 expedition into Ohio, some
namese hopes are based more on political volunteer Indian fighters from colonial Vir-
differences in Saigon and Washington than ginia apparently thought so too.
Vthe Nam. Communist military capacity in South The Virginians may have claimed land
Viet i tracts along the Hocking Valley before the
Officials are no longer saying that we will outbreak of the American Revolution. But
win the war by Jan. 1, or that the tide has their "claims" didn't really hold water be-
turned, but their prudence in making pre- cause the Northwest Territory hadn't been
dictions merely masks their growing confi- born, no land office existed to register claims,
dente that a decisive stage is actually being and the. Indians claimed the land under a
reached. In any case, the President's own
confidence in the Southeast Asian adventure treaty Christian agreement.
Westenhaver ens. from Hagerstown,
has returned and is trying to impart that Md. a German-American farmer, (not a Rus-
sian, confidence t to the general l public. sian, for Russians claim to be first in nearly
everything else) claimed the title as Hock-
ing County's first bona-fide settler. And fin
150th other settler seemed to have a better claim
Logan: Town With a _ Past Fetes than he. SETTLED IN HOCKING
Year W t nhaver and his family settled in
s e
President Johnson, apparently responding
to the drop in his popularity as measured by
the public opinion polls, has decided to turn
himself on in a series of statements and press
conferences.
Turned on, Johnson is at his best and
most likely to regain the popularity he has
lost. But this popularity, which seems to
rise and fall with the state of the public
mind on the Viet Nam war, is likely to return
with Johnson turned on or off.
The reason is that there is a basic improve-
ment, with which the polls have not yet
caught up, in the general outlook in Viet Nam
as well as elsewhere in Asia and, despite De
11 i our Euro can relationships.
n p
North? Vie names
t
mated at 22,500. The President's emphasis IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most skirmishes. An old account says they
on this comparison results from a growing Tuesday, June 28, 1966 were "renowned for feats of daring prowess
conviction that the enemy losses are becom- in hunting the bear, an animal at that time
ing so great, and will continue to be so great, Mr. MOELLER. Mr. Speaker, this extremely numerous."
that Ho Chi Minh's government cannot long week one of the more important towns of course the old account fails to mention
continue to sustain them. in my district, Logan, Ohio, is celebrat- the fact that the bears didn't have guns.
This is the factor leading to the specula- ing its 150th anniversary. The nucleus of present-day Logan had a
tion that before the end of the year North
Viet Nam will ready for take great pleasure, upon this occa- population of 25 by spring of 1799, including
point pomay be reached when hen the forces negotiations. of The the siori, to insert in the RECORD a very fine nine men, five married women, three un-
north are losing more men than they can story which appeared in the Athens Sun- married women, and eight children.
Gau e,
Taking these points up one by one, a rig- EXTENSION OF REMARKS
nificant point being made by Johnson is that of
since January, the United States has lost HON. WALTER H. MOELLER
2,200 men, the South Vietnamese have lost
4,300 and other allies have lost 250. The OF OHIO
and Viet Cong loss is esti-
-
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e
what is now an eastern part of present-day
Logan during the early months of 1798.
Two months later John Pence and Conrad
Brian, Western Virginians, settled their
families in an area west of the Western-
havers. Pence and. Brian, brothers-in-law,
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June 28, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - APPENDIX
reason wIly Jerry Campana merits the rec-
ognition recently accorded him. He has
helped construct about fifty housing projects,
including Ebbett's Field Houses and Trump
Village, which comfortably house a large
number of Brooklynites. The Veterans Ad-
ministrtaion Hospital at East Orange, New
Jersey, St. Vincent's Hospital on Staten Is-
land, and the Hospital for Chronic Diseases
on Welfare Island are examples of the ex-
pertly designed hospitals he has built. The
Brooklyn Supreme Court, as well as both the
New York and Queens Criminal Court and
jail could not have been built without the
efforts of Jerry Campana. He also contrib-
uted to the construction 9f two Army camps,
Camp Shanks in Orangeburg, New York, and
Camp Butner in North Carolina. The Brook-
lyn Public Library, the Columbia Law School,
the New York University Bellevue Medical
Center and the Whitney Museum are just a
few of the ten highly praised schools, dorma-
tories, museums and institutes which Jerry
has helped build. The Delegates Plaza at the
United Nations rounds out the long list of
well known projects which Jerry has helped
bring to completion. He also built ten in-
dustrial plants, six office buildings and
garages aggregating more than one million
square feet of space.
But aside from his tangible accomplish-
ments, Jerry merits this award on the basis
of his fine qualities as a human being and
as a citizen of the United States. Jerry be-
lieves that people are inherently good, and
tries at all times to share his good fortune
with others in the way that others helped
him when he was in need of help.
For all of these reasons, I can think of no
one more deserving of the annual award of
the New York League of Municipality Mayors
than Jerry Campana, a fine American.
Mr. Speaker, this Nation is better for
men like Jerry Campana.
American Can Co. Achievement Benefits
Consumers
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT McCLORY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the life-
blood of American industry is new prod-
ucts, methods, and processes created to
meet the constantly changing needs of
the dynamic, growing economy of this
country.
I would like to call to the attention of
my colleagues just such a revolutionary
new process-the MiraSeam process for
making tin-free steel cans, developed by
the American Can Co. Not only does the
MiraSeam tin-free steel can represent a
major breakthrough in the metal con-
tainer industry, it eventually will free
the industry from dependence on tenu-
ous, foreign supply lines of tin. You
are all aware of the problems our
country encountered in this respect in
past international conflicts.
I am extremely proud to say that the
MiraSeam process was developed by the
the American Can Co. In its Barrington,
Ill., research laboratory which Is located
in my own 12th District. The MiraSeam
process was the culmination of more
than 10 years of research and the ex-
penditure of millions of dollars. It's an-
other outstanding example of the bene-
fits of our competitive enterprise system.
I believe it is of further major sig-
nificance that the MiraSeam system,
which is the only commercial method for
making tin-free cans, also is applicable
to the manufacture of aluminum con-
tainers. The process embodies an all-
new concept in canmaking, the use of
an organic cement to bond the over-
lapped sides of a tin-free steel can. It
also eliminates the old soldered side seam
process of canmaking and consequently
allows wraparound lithography on cans-
a highly important factor in today's
extremely competitive marketplace.
In addition, the MiraSeam container
differs from the old tin plate can in that
It is specially treated and then coated
on both sides with an. enamel developed
by American Can. This special enamel
is compatible both with tin-free steel
and with the organic cement that binds
the seam.
The company's research team also has
reported that laboratory evaluation In-
dicates that the MiraSeam manufactur-
ing technique may be readily adapted
to a variety of other metals, including
chrome treated steel.
Mr. William F. May, chairman of the
American Can Co., disclosed recently
that the MiraSeam tin-free can has
other assets as well. He said that the
new can costs $2 a thousand less than
comparable tinplate cans. Both Mr. May
and Mr. E. T. Klassen, president of the
company, have indicated that they be-
lieve the metal container of the future
will be tin free.
Mr. Speaker, the American Can Co.'s
48,000 employees today manufacture
more than 1,700 different products in
three major areas-container and pack-
aging products, industrial and consumer
paper products, and chemical products.
The company is to be commended for its
continuing, major contribution to the
economic development of our country.
Needless to say, I am proud to have this
fine organization in my district.
Indiana Youth Has Big Day at White
House
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, George Fox,
of Michigantown, Ind., is serving as co-
chairman of the first National Youth
Conference on Natural Beauty and Con-
servation which opened yesterday with
ceremonies at the White House.
The delegates to this conference repre-
sent a fine cross section of the youth of
America. George is a sophomore at
Purdue University, and an Immediate
past president of the Indiana Future
Farmers of America. I am proud and
happy to insert the following account
from the June 28, 1966, Chicago Tribune
A?451
describing his participation in the open-
Ing ceremonies of the conference:
INDIANA YOUTH HAS BIG DAY AT WHrrE
HOUSE: MEETS L.B.J. ESCORTS MRS. JOHNSON
(By Louise Hutchinson)
WASHINGTON, June 27.-A grinning Hoosier
teen-ager admitted today at the White
House that things are going to seem mighty
different back home on the farm.
George Fox, 19, of near Michigantown,
Ind., population 500, got such a dose of
White House limelight today that the corn
and the soybeans and the hogs back on his
dad's 400 acre farm may look a little -tame.
He met the President; sat next to Mrs.
Johnson for more than half an hour and
escorted her for another 30 minutes thru a
polite but eager throng of teenagers on the
White House lawn; met Luci Johnson; and
was told by Mrs. Johnson what a wonderful
job he did.
APPEARS ON TELEVISION
He also was master of ceremonies for a
program addressed by both the President
and Mrs. Johnson and, before all this, ap-
peared on national television.
Was this the biggest day in Fox's life?
"Don't ever tell me it wasn't," said the
Purdue university sophomore who also is
immediate past president of the Indiana
Future Farmers of America.
Fox and Miss Jacquelene Sharp, 18, of
Jackson, Miss., a Girl Scout, are co-chairmen
of the first National Youth Conference on
Natural Beauty and Conservation that
opened today with the ceremony on the
south White House lawn.
CONTINUES THROUGH TOMORROW
The conference will continue thru Wed-
nesday and will be addressed by a battery of
beauty, conservation, wildlife, and city plan-
ning experts. Its 500 young delegates repre-
sent the Girl and Boy Scouts; Campfire Girls;
Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A.; 4-H clubs; and
Girls' Clubs of America, and the Future
Farmers and Future Homemakers.
The 500 sat expectantly in shimmering
heat on the lawn today awaiting the appear-
ance of Mrs. Johnson. They got a bonus.
Johnson came along, too. His wife told
them the President just couldn't stay away.
Mrs. Johnson urged them to consider mak-
ing the beautification of America a full-
time job. The President told them they
would translate the dreams of talk of today
into tomorrow's action.
ESCORTS MRS. JOHNSON
The President left; the Serendipity ring-
ers sang" then, with his hand under her el-
bow, Fox slowly escorted Mrs. Johnson thru
the crowd back to the White House.
"You both have presence and an easy man-
ner," she told Fox and Miss Sharp at the door
"I was very proud of you both."
Fox just beamed. He looked like a fellow
who had come to town for a convention and
suddenly found himself king for a day.
A Strange Footnote of History
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROY H. McVICKER
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES -
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. McVICKER. Mr. Speaker, there
are many tailpieces to glory. Mussolini
in a Milan gutter; ' Hitler's charred re-
mains in the ruins of the nightmare he
created; Stalin removed from Lenin's
Tomb. These are the often macabre
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June 28, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - PPEN
nizes the district's continuing, total program
of curriculum development and innovation.
In addition to the Cedar Rapids district,
schools or school systems in 41 other states,
the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico
will receive plaques for "leading the way to
better education for America's youth" from
Parade Editor Jess Corkin and NEA Presi-
dent Richard D. Batchelder of Newton,
Mass.
Cedar Rapids schools, serving 22,000 stu-
dents, are a laboratory in change-supported
by a well-structured research program to spot
weaknesses, as well as strengths, of any
proposal.
The keyword among the staff and Super-
intendent Arnold Salisbury is exploration.
No teaching techniques or course materials
may be sacrosanct. Salisbury, his aides and
faculty are on the constant prowl for better
methods and instructional content.
So they were unafraid to experiment with
-and adopt-the plan under which pupils
in certain schools now dial recorded lessons
to be played through telephone hookup to
the classroom.
The flexible plan may be used by a French
teacher, for example, to channel a recording
to one student, or to 30 students.
Innovation starts early. Thus first grad-
ers pick up the alphabet the first six weeks,
learn ' use of the dictionary and turn out
written compositions.
In a mathematics class youngsters ma-
nipulate Cuisenaire Rods for a better grasp
of numbers.
One clue to the dynamism of the Cedar
Rapids system comes from Paul F. Johnson,
Iowa state superintendent of public instruc-
tion.
He noted that "teachers are provided with
released time for working on ideas with con-
sultants and curriculum leaders and devel-
oping instructional materials to implement
-those programs desired for the curriculum."
The waves of change are felt from kinder-
garten through grade 12, and Into night
school for adults.
"As a result of close cooperation between
the various subject fields, careful control by
properly designed- research, and an experi-
enced staff on consultants," Johnson said,
"pupils and teachers are less subject-area
conscious, and broad areas are given the
benefit of the most up-to-date teaching
methods in a context which is practical and
effective in today's schools."
Cedar Rapids, incidentally, doesn't stop
with putting the latest touches to its curric-
ulum, The system uses a com uter to
schedule architectural and Vyjldifiig plan-
Pittsburgh Diplomat Says South Vietnam
Will Not Yield to Vietcong Terror
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 2g, 1966
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, while
I was in Vietnam last December on be-
half of the Committee on Government
Operations, I met an old friend and con-
stituent, Mr. William H. Marsh, then a
provincial reporter for the U.S. Embassy
in Saigon. I traveled into the outlying
countryside with Mr. Marsh and, be-
cause he speaks. Vietnamese. fluently I
was able through him to talk to a num-
ber of Vietnamese villagers.
- Mr. Marsh has recently been reas-
signed to the Bureau of Far Eastern Af-
fairs at the State Department In Wash-
ington.
I think my colleagues In the Congress
will be interested to read an interview
with Mr. Marsh published in the June 27
issue of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
Under leave to extend my remarks I in-
clude the article at this point in the
RECORD:
VIETS WON'T YIELD TO CONG TERROR,
DIPLOMAT SAYS
WASHINGTON.-"In the present political
turbulence in South Viet Nam it is note-
worthy that none of the factions involved
is against the war and in favor of yielding to
the Viet Cong," says a young American dip-
lomat who has just returned from almost
three year's duty with the American Em-
bassy in Saigon.
He is William H. Marsh, 35, of Oakland.
He arrived in South Viet Nam in July, 1963,
and in the following three years he visited
nearly all areas of the war-torn country.
Although a Vietnamese-language student,
he was pressed into service immediately by
the Embassy to cover Buddhist street dem-
onstrations against the Diem government,
then in power.
"Now after 33 months of observing the
political life of the country, I am impressed
chiefly by the fact that, while the South
Vietnamese people are sometimes discour-
aged by occasional political turbulence, at
the very same time they understand clearly
that such free political expression would
never be permitted under the Viet Cong,"
he said in an interview.
Marsh's observations are based on service
as a provincial reporter for the American
embassy, and a year as chief of the political
section's provincial reporters. -
_ In his travels about the country-by heli-
copter, jeep, conventional aircraft, bicycle,
oxcart, canal boat, junk, as well as on foot-
he visited 35 of South Viet Nam's 43 prov-
inces, talking to South Vietnamese of every
walk of life to find out what they were
thinking and feeling about conditions in
their wartorn country.
Speaking Vietnamese and French, he met
enough people and wrote enough reports on
his conversations with them to "fill three or
four good-sized books." His reports were
eventually read by the American ambassador
and the Department of State and contributed
to determining the direction of U.S. policy
toward South Viet Nam.
Reviewing his impressions of his widely-
traveled tour of duty in the country, Marsh
reports:
I am impressed by the fact that hundreds
of thousands of South Vietnamese living in
areas threatened by the Viet Cong have left
their homes and possessions behind to move
into areas under control and protection of
the Government of South Viet Nam.
"I am impressed by the fact that hundreds
of thousands of South Vietnamese are will-
ingly serving in the regular armed forces and
in the militia against a hidden and vicious
enemy.
"I am impressed that ordinary peasants,
armed only with carbines,iguard their ham-
lets and their families day and night against
a crafty enemy armed with automatic weap-
ons. It takes more than ordinary courage
to do that."
"I am impressed by the fact that thou-
sands of Viet Cong have been intelligent and
courageous enough to come over to the Gov-
ernment side when they realized that Viet
Cong leaders are engaged in trying to under-
mine the independence of the country."
The Viet Cong have failed greatly in their
attempts to persuade the people of South
Viet Nam to assist them, he said. "Now,
they are obliged to forcibly conscript boys
of 15 and to seize rice from the peasants
under threats of terror."
Terming the Viet Cong activities "a big
fiasco," he said they now must rely on coer-
A3459
cion rather than persuasion to obtain most
of what they need in the way of personnel
and resources..
"As a political organization, the Viet Cong
amount to absolute zero. They have no
leaders that any One has heard of, they don't
have any officers, they are not a political
party or social group; it 1s difficult to find
them, and their presence is known only when
a school, a. hospital, or an experimental sta-
tion is blown up.
"The terroristic tactics of the Viet Cong are
a means to an end, the end being to cause
the collapse of the government of South
Viet Nam. They want to destroy and re-
place it, not participate in it. With them
it is all or nothing, and up to now it-bas
been nothing."
Marsh reports that the Viet Gong are al-
ways offering "help" in the form of bribes,
but he said the people of South Viet .Nam,
"know that Viet Gong promises are always
negated by their taking away young boys,
rice, money, and even lives."
He predicted a "constructive outcome" to
the present political unrest in South Viet
Nam and added "the country is moving
ahead in constitutional matters. The pres-
ent political competition should be familiar
to Americans, and in a way it is a sign of
a healthy system coming into being. It is
significant that all parties are agreed that
an elected government, pledged to protect
the country's independence, will come into
power."
Marsh was able to avoid injury in his trips
about the war-torn countryside, even though
he drove over many mined roads, and visited
hamlets that were attacked only a short time
later.
Once, while traveling in a helicopter from
Hue to Danang, he participated in the pick-
up of three wounded South Vietnamese sol-
diers from the battlefield. The soldiers were
flown to a hospital in Danang.
He had the good fortune to be absent on
home leave from the American embassy in
Saigon last March 30 when his office and
several others were badly damaged by a 250-
pound charge exploded by the Viet Cong in
the street outside. In the blast two Ameri-
cans and 20 South Vietnamese bystanders
were killed.
Headmaster Frank Boyden, of Deerfield-
'Part V
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE
Or MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 28, 1966
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, under
unanimous-consent procedures, I insert
in the RECORD at this point a further ex-
cerpt from the New Yorker magazine
biographical profile of Frank Boyden,
headmaster of Deerfield Academy in
Deerfield, Mass.
In this excerpt we meet some of Frank's
associates at Deerfield and some of the
distinguished alumni who have gone on
to achieve brilliant reputations in a vari-
ety of careers after their years at Deer-
field.
We gain further insights into the un-
usual gifts which the headmaster pos-
sesses and which have enabled him to
perceive hidden depths and smoldering
fires in the hearts and minds of his boys.
It is this perception that has made the
headmaster unique among the world's
educators and has, as much as anything
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 28, 1966
else, helped to develop the institution
that is Deerfield Academy today.
The excerpt follows:
THE HEADMASTER-V
The headmaster first became known
among educators for his achievements with
unlikely material. In the kind of language
that modern academicians sometimes use,
there was a high salvage factor In his work.
He seemed to know when there was some-
thing in a boy when on the surface there ap-
peared to be nothing. He could assess this
potentiality in a way that no test could, and
he had the talent to help the boy reach it.
Deerfield at one time regularly had a number
of students who, for disciplinary or aca-
demic reasons, had been kicked out of places
like Andover, Exeter, and Taft. After a year
or two at Deerfield, a considerable number
of these boys outperformed their former
Exeter, Andover, or Taft classmates in col-
lege.
This was not only gratifying to Boyden
but also both pleasing and relieving to other
headmasters, who suddenly found that with
clear consciences they could fire al-
most any boy, since Prank Boyden could be
counted on to turn the lout into an inter-
ested scholar and a useful citizen. Boyden
had developed this special skill partly as a
result of his early work with the farm boys
of the valley, whose education, in most cases,
would have lapsed without his persistence.
In one of these, a boy in the Deerfield class
of 1911, the headmaster found a kind of ob-
jectification of his idea of Deerfield. Being
an intuitive and untheoretical man, he has
never tried to express in any definitive way
the kind of goal he has tried to reach.
Instead, he tells the story of Tom Ashley.
As a thirteen-year-old boy, Ashley, one gath-
ers, was uncommunicative to the verge of
moroseness. He disclosed no intellectual
curiosity. He had been born to farming, he
loved the open, and he kept a notebook of
the achievements he considered important
enough to record. "Rifle, game shot," begins
one entry, covering a brief segment of 1907,
"Blue jays-1, red squirrels-3, muskrats-6,
skunks-15, cats-3, mud turtles-1, snakes-
1, rats-3, pigs-1, doves-8." On March 23rd
of that year, the boy noted that he "went
swimming first time, had to wade through
snowdrift to get in the water." A note soon
thereafter says, "Began haying July 15, 1907.
1. Great Pasture. 2. Wright's Yard. 3. The
Island. 4. The Neck. 5. Pine Hill. 6. Pug's
Hole. 7. Black Snake Piece. 8. Great Bot-
tom. 9. Little Plain. Ended haying August
5." In the following month, the boy so in-
tractably refused to enter the academy that
his father seemed ready to write him off as
a clod, and the headmaster made no apparent
effort to influence him.
There happened, however, to be a great
stack of schoolbooks that needed moving,
and would Tom please lend a hand before
going off to shoot another pig, or whatever
he was going to do? Ashley helped without
speaking. The academy was so short of foot-
ball players, the headmaster told him, that
although he was not actually in the school,
he could play with the other boys that after-
noon if he wanted to; meanwhile, the head-
master would be grateful if he would hold
the door open for some visitors who hap-
pened to be coming up the walk. There was
something romantic in Ashley, because he
went to football practice that afternoon
wearing a skate strap so that he could repair
a leg fracture, if necessary, without leaving
the field. Within a short time, he was en-
rolled in the academy.
He was -a well-proportioned fellow, and he
proved to be an excellent athlete, replacing
the headmaster in the backfield of the foot-
ball team and becoming a teammate of the
headmaster in baseball. For four years, he
seldom said anything in class or to the girls,
but, at the headmaster's request, he delivered
a speech at the 1911 Commencement exer-
cises, and it was moving, if for no other
reason than that he was actually talking.
Ashley went on to Amherst and began a
steady correspondence with the headmaster,
which was full of hopes, worries, reports of
his grades, football plays for use at Deerfield,
requests for advice, and minor apologies such
as "I hate to bother you with such small mat-
ters, but I would like to know how you see
it before approaching my father."
Ashley was the captain of the Amherst's
basketball team and a star in football and
baseball. He majored in history and decided
to become a teacher. His story, in its essen-
tial elements, has been repeated at Deerfield
a thousand times, and it has served as a kind
of standard. In memory, Ashley has become
more of an ideal than an actual person, but
fifty years ago he was probably the closest
friend the headmaster had ever had.
He joined the Deerfield faculty in 1916.
He cared enormously about the school, and
he had much bigger ideas for it than had ever
crossed the headmaster's mind; he envisioned
it as a large national academy, drawing stu-
dents from numerous states. He drafted a
prospectus of the expanded academy and
sketched a map of future halls and dormi-
tories. He urged the headmaster to start
moving in that direction by reviving the
boarding department, which had been inac-
tive for seventy years. There were a few
boarders in the school at the time-boys
whose fathers had heard of the headmaster's
early achievements and had arranged for
their sons to live with families in the town.
Ashley suggested that thirty-five students
from outside Deerfield might be a good num-
ber to expand to right away. "We'll never
have thirty-five boarders here," the head-
master said, with a swampy look-not be-
cause he did not want them but because he
could not imagine so many boarders being
there. Ashley died in a wheat field near
Chateau-Thierry. He was trying to get a
captured German machine gun to work, so
that he could turn it against another Ger-
man machine gun, which killed him. John
Lejeune, the commandant of the United
States Marine Corps, in whose office Ashley
had first volunteered for service, later sent
a personal check to the headmaster and
asked that some sort of tablet beput up at
Deerfield in memory of Lieutenant Ashley.
The headmaster used the money to help
build a dormitory for boys from other towns
and states.
Soon after the war, John Winant, who was
later to become Governor of New Hampshire
and United States Ambassador to the Court
of St. James', made a visit to Deerfield, spent
a day with the headmaster, and admitted to
him during the afternoon that he had come
as a representative of the Brearley School, in
New York, whose trustees had asked him to
see if the headmaster of Deerfield would like
to become the headmaster of Brearley.
"However, I am not going to make the offer,"
Winant said. "What you are doing here is
obviously too important, and this is where
you should stay." Winant, who later sent his
sons to Deerfield, did not say how much
Brearley was offering, and the headmaster
was too polite to ask.
He had been sincerely tempted by other of-
fers, some of which would have doubled his
salary, and, of course, there was always the
law, to which his commitment was regularly
postponed on a June-to-June basis. "When
I had been here seven years, I didn't see
many possibilities, and I began to think more
and more about the law," he says, remember-
ing one black period. "I was pretty much
discouraged." On another of these occasions,
he was about to accept a different job and
leave Deerfield, but he opened the Bible, and
he says, the first passage his eye fell on was
Jeremiah 42:10: "If ye will still abide in this
land, then will I build you, and not pull you
down, and I will plant you, and not, pluck
you up; for I repent me of the evil that I
have done unto you."
He decided to stay. He tells that story
often. His wife says that she believes it is
true but that he has probably condensed
it by leaving out the number of times he
opened the Bible before he found a passage
that would satisfy him. On still another
occasion when he was about to quit, a priest
from South Deerfield learned about it and
told him, "You can't. You are the only man
in the town of Deerfield who can go into
every home in the valley. Now get back
to work."
By 1923, there were one hundred and forty
students in the academy. Eighty were board-
ing students. The son of the president of
Cornell was there, and the son of the presi-
dent of what is now the University of Massa-
chusetts, and so were grandsons of the presi-
dents of Amherst, Smith, and Vassar, and
sons of deans or professors at-among other
places-the -University of California, Mount
Holyoke, Williams, Harvard, the College of
the City of New York, and George-Washing-
ton University. This endorsement of his
work was gratifying to the headmaster, but
for the moment he was too deeply concerned
to enjoy it, because a section of the new
Massachusetts constitution appeared to sig-
nal the closing of the school.
The law said that public funds could not
be used for the support of a private school.
Deerfield Academy, which was now partly
a private school and partly a public school,
was receiving twenty thousand dollars a year
from the town of Deerfield and was going
to founder without it. If the academy were
to close its boarding department and con-
tinue as solely a public high school, not
only would much of the headmaster's work
be undone but a new and heavy concentra-
tion of population in South Deerfield, six
miles away, would force the school to be
relocated there, removing it from the original
settlement, of which it was by now an inte-
gral part. Moreover, a legal battle broke
out that filled up column upon column of
Massachusetts newsprint.
The technical area of contention was
framed in the terms of a bequest that had
been made to the town in 1878 by a woman
whose will directed that the income from
the bequest be used to support the school.
The question was: Could the academy-in
order to become a legal private school-pay
the town the value of the bequest? The
question had been raised by a small faction
in the town that wanted to force the head-
master to close the school. One member of
this group was a woman who had been re-
placed as school librarian. Another was an
artist whose light had been cut off by the
shadow of the one dormitory the headmaster
had so far succeeded in building. The others
were people who resented the growth of the
academy in their town and the success of
the headmaster, who was not even a native
and had become the most powerful man in
the valley.
The situation was unpromising. Even
when he got successfully past the long legal
battle, which he eventually did, the head-
master still had to produce at least a hun-
dred and fifty thousand dollars just to come
out even and stay in action for another
year. In 1924, that seemed an impossible
sum for a country schoolmaster to find.
The school would have gone under had it
not been for what must surely be one of
the most extraordinary gestures in the his-
tory of American education. Lewis Perry,
headmaster of Exeter, Alfred Stearns, head-
master of Andover, and Horace Taft, head-
master of Taft, left their schools and went
to New York and elsewhere to raise money
from among their own alumni to save Deer-
field. Perry came up with thirty-three
thousand dollars in a single day, and within
the next five years Perry, Stearns, and Taft
raised a million and a half dollars for Deer-
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