UNITED STATES ACTS TO STOP FREE WORLD TRADE WITH NORTH VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050003-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: March 8, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

[Value in thousands of U.S. dollars]
Approved For ~ ~ ~ 3 6 [F67 R9 Wt 00040005000Var'ch 8, 1966
Exports of free world countries to North Vietnam, January-June 1965-Continued
Total to
Percent
North
Total to
Percent
North
Exporting country
Total to
Sine-
of total
Viet-
Exporting country
Total to
Sino-
of total
Viet-
world
Soviet
value
nam
world
Soviet
value
nam
bloc
bloc
LATIN AMERICA
LATIN AMERICA-centinned
Argentina_____________________________
____________________________
Brazil
731,295
648,000
60,168
37,947
8.2
5.9
(1)
(1
)
Peru (January-February) --------------
96,136
1,079
1.1
( )
_____
Chile---------------------------------
352,009
329
0.1
P
Uruguay--------________-_-_----------
01,400
-
6,388
5.9
Colombia _--------------------------
__________
_
Jamaica
257, 983
119,228
8,119
1
_2.0
_
(1)
(0
Cocomcountries, total
53,328,021
-
1,611,739
3.0
4,559
_
___
Mexico_________________
665,200
38,559
6.9
p)
European Cocom countries, total__
32,4 83, 727
1, 240, 559
3.8
2, 532
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The time of the Senator has ex-
pired.
Mr. JAVITS. Madam President, I ask
unanimous consent to proceed for 2
additional minutes.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
EDUCATORS OPPOSE ADMINISTRA-
TION PROPOSAL TO CUT BACK
NDEA STUDENT LOANS
Mr. JAVITS. Madam President, on
February 23 I inserted into the CON-
GRESSIONAL RECORD-page 3712-the ob-
jections registered by the banking
community through the American
Bankers Association to the administra-
tion proposals to shift the National De-
fense Education Act student loan
program to the newly authorized subsi-
dized loan guarantee program enacted as
title IV, part B, of the Higher Education
Act of 1965.
As I Indicated in my remarks, bankers
and educators stand together in their
opposition to this proposal. Opposition
was also most recently voiced by a num-
ber of my colleagues on the Senate Edu-
cation Committee who on March 2
joined in a colloquy on the Senate floor
in which we expressed our reservations
to this and other parts of the adminis-
tration's fiscal year 1967 education
program.
I have received many letters from New
York and other educators expressing
their views. Most recently, Dr. Clifford
Lord, president of Hofstra University,
Hempstead, N.Y., wrote me setting forth
his views and detailing how the admin-
istration's proposal would adversely
affect both students and the college.
I ask unanimous consent to include
President Lord's letter with my remarks
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,
Hempstead, N.Y., March 3,1966.
Hon. JACOB JAVrrs,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR JAVITS: Serving on the Edu-
cation Subcommittee of the Senate, I know
you are aware of some of the problems being
encountered by colleges and universities as
a result of proposed cutbacks in the Na-
tional Defense Education Act loan fund pro-
gram. Permit me to describe the situation
as it affects this university.
During the current academic year we have
received and distributed approximately
$500,000 In national defense loan funds to
561 students. More than half of this money
($289,000) has been directed toward students
who are preparing for teaching careers. As
you know, the National Defense Education
Act program provides that if these students
teach for 5 years after graduation, up to 50
percent of the sum borrowed would be for-
given. Therefore, many of the Hofstra stu-
dents intending to enter teaching, view the
National Defense Education Act loans as
equivalent to a half scholarship.
Our request for the academic year 1966-67,
submitted on January 17, 1966, called for an
increase to $600,000 in National Defense Edu-
cation Act funds. This was based on an
expanding student population and a growing
tendency among students to regard educa-
tion as an investment justifying borrowing.
Information now at hand indicates that
President Johnson has asked the Congress to
reduce the budget for these loans from $180
million to $30 million. This is a drastic cut
especially when growing college enrollments
would argue for greater sums to be made
available. In place of these Federal funds
the President has recommended the creation
of State-sponsored federally guaranteed
loans which would duplicate the program
already in existence in New York, under the
New York Higher Education Assistance Corp.
Many Hofstra students, where their financial
need is great, already have both National
Defense Education Act and New York Higher
Education Assistance Corp. loans.
The consequence of this change in policy
would in our judgment be disastrous. Hof-
stra's financial aid officer estimates a loss of
over 80 percent of the National Defense Edu-
cation Act funds received in 1965-66, and
an inability on our part to meet more than
a handful of the requests to renew National
Defense Education Act loans for our stu-
dents who are using them to meet educa-
tional expenses. This would compel many
undergraduates currently receiving national
defense student loans, and other students
planning to attend Hofstra who require
financial assistance, to turn to the New York
Higher Education Assistance Corp. for aid.
However, loans from this agency, though they
carry the same interest rate, lack several
advantages of the National Defense Educa-
tion loans:
1. They are not available to out-of-State
residents;
2. They have no provision for forgiveness;
hence the full amount would have to be
repaid by those preparing to teach;
3. The university has no control over,these
loans, as they must be forwarded to Albany
for clearance; the normal time for process-
ing is 4 to 6 weeks. With National Defense
Education Act loan assistance can be imme-
diately provided;
4. Time for processing the loans will be
considerably increased since they will have
In short, the change in the national stu-
dent loan funds largely cancels out a valu-
able program of financial assistance which
the Congress and administration have
evolved, and will adversely affect the educa-
tional opportunity of hundreds of our stu-
dents especially those preparing for teaching
careers.
We ask your help in restoring the national
defense loan funds available to students with
due recognition of the increased needs of
students for this type of assistance.
May I take this opportunity to refer to
a second aspect of Federal aid to education
which has created some concern; namely, the
delay in formulating and announcing guide-
lines to govern applications under the Higher
Education Act of 1965. The Congress and
administration deserve much credit for de-
signing this act intended to benefit colleges
and universities throughout the Nation.
Title II of the act covering libraries is still
unfounded, and I hope that the Congress
will appropriate funds for this title during
the present session.
However, my chief concern is with the
considerable delay on the part of the De-
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare
in furnishing guidelines to colleges and uni-
versities for the funded portions of the act.
Only 4 months.of fiscal 1966 remain, but we
do not yet have the criteria and format for
titles I; III, and VI. Briefing sessions on the
guidelines were held last October by HEW,
the State of New York has had committees
formulating in-State policy for the various
titles, various program have been submitted
to Albany, but no Federal guidelines are
available. The State of New York and its in-
stitutions have settled down to exasperated
waiting. A recent report on title VI prepared
by the New York State Education Depart-
ment calling for the State's colleges and
universities to bear with us.
Title IV guidelines have been issued and
Hofstra applied for economic opportunity
loans on January 17, 1966. However, no word
has been received. This is distressing be-
cause commitments must be made to bright
but needy students in the spring for the fol-
lowing academic year. Until we hear from
HEW, we cannot make these commitments.
I recognize that the Federal Government
fears that rising expenditures for the Viet-
nam war, coming at a time of high spending
by consumers and business, may create a
dangerously inflationary situation. Under
the circumstances the Federal Government
may indeed wish to slow down many of the
Great Society programs so recently enacted
by the Congress. This may account for the
delays in processing applications, the delays
in issuing guidelines, the cutbacks in pro-
grams.
But education is not the logical field to
by a local bank; mindful of the great dependence of this Na-
5. The university has no control over the tion upon its colleges and universities and
New York Higher Education Assistance the men and women they educate, and I hope
Corp. loans, and cannot offer the student a that you will not allow the needed stream
financial aid package to meet his needs, of Federal aid to education to be damned
or to attract students to our campus, as was or diverted.
possible when working with the National Sincerely,
Defense Education Act loans for both in- and
out-of-State students.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050003-0
CLIFFORD LORD,
President.
 pproved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050003-0
141ai?nh 8, 196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE
'I'ntel of listed'nnni.rles_ _
("n il.ed "Ailtes____..-. _______-___--
(';111,4(1:1 _
I nrop(an t I KC 1) countries,
,.01:11 -'-- ------------
Austria
Ile Igiuor I,mtxt uilu>urg
Ur ra unark-__
I Lally
Nc( h(rl ends
Norway Tu rk,y.
F:URfI r`, nTnFIR
J 'inland .__ _--__--
i9rl'n~irLyl:l__._____.
ypnls
(ord:nr
Libya_. _.--
C>4?1 la (J:)iuiary-March)
udan (January-April) _. ----_-
1ited Arab -li.npub' 1r t b;gppt) 7anu-
'1'111,;.} of Iisted countries_ ______..
1ailed NLttos
r'nnnda
I urupean II'II I) countries,
lul aL_- _ _
Aui.ria
13.IginIn Li i ,ccnlbouq?
(h'ninark
r r:Lnre
a iree!?e ... .
9+.rla ld
IC_'I:111f1 _.
It (IS'
N '1 hcdand.,
orwav
nair~
-;w edten
l' Irk cy
IIII('d King(jom
;nilOPM f~T11 I.;R
in Enid.
Ira^
1rur?I ..
Aardtul
l.leya
1,nduu (J an u;trv-Apri3)___----_-
initod Arab R.epubl[e (!'gypt) (Jan
uar1'-91. arch). ___
1'`nutnotes at end of table.
(niports of free world countries from North. Vietnam', January-June 1965
i arall v In thousand.s of Ti.9. dollars')
l'ntal from
world
10, 102, 593
3, 77:3, 324
979,528
3,080,67
1, 431,149
4, 884, 462
8,496,468
542, 862
65, (15.5
T38, 915
3, 552, 27)
:3, 556, 547
11 097, 409,3M
1,415,4(11
:',165,1 15
1,817,157
281, 1)20
7, 996, 086
826, 264
6201 968
66, 703
439,121
414, 587
72, 821)
144, 3161
22, 96(1
fit, 254
100, RIM)
]:1, 195, 932
724,'
78
:37..125, 082
755, 148
3,117,248
1, 099,456
4,884,462
8 806,425
1.-6,193
(17, 029
5,9163
3 156, 699
:?.'157, 098
703,004
347, 384
436, 532
1'(15,371.
l 41)1, 961)
SU5, 1,46
6. 749,'218
24, fr .9
642, 000
"4,3,9151
9, (5)3
359, 849
64,413
86, 400
Total from
Sino-Soviet
bloc
6115, 942
21, 146
1.687, 498
101, 996
(i2, (1'23
Ell, 488
15(I, (A35
405, 922
49,197
9, 073
'044
221', ,906
81, 568
32', 820
6, 825
29, 4:10
04,504
38,207
26, (019
301,460
151,645
168,423
4,199
20, 736
7,000
7, 190
9,276
1,380
6,218
14,900
3,107,310
(i4, 313
05,"30.9
1,190,179
113,356
50,'73
49, 78.5
174,590
433,:J95
45,304
7,1157
1 765
187, 08:3
52,010
30, 011
2, 483
9, 11714
83,446
42,410
34, 670
180, 257
044, 956
132, 256
380, 837 197,051
4,392
23,810
8,332
752
215
8,770
36,100
Percent North
of total Vietnam
value
10. 4
2. 0
4.2
:3. 1.
4.9
9. 1
13.8
1.7
6.4
2.3
:3 0
1. 7
2. 1
4.4
2.1
9. 3
:1 8
I8 4
?7 1
15.0
1.15
11. 5
:S. 6i
9
211. 6
14. 0
. (t
5. 4
1.7
4.3
1.
2, 2
44
3.0
lr,. 9
27
20. 5
410
12.7
3.7
3.4
7.8
.l
13.6
40.6
0.7 (1;
.6 1 (S
24
423
2,261
97
(I)
6 3
4. 7 1 ----
1 7, (1)
9.9
(i.4 (I)
(1)
6.0 1
0.2 4.7 (1)
1
1181
68
1, 2(18
45
(1)
11)____
M)
68
(1)
2
69
137
Irnport:rig country
A 61,ICA
-------------------
-------------------
Kenya ---- --- -.. - --- ----
Malagasy Repubie-------------------
Wall- -- _ ----_ . -----
M Oro' co__.____ --------------------
Niger ._.__.----- ---------
Nig(r1:L.__ ----
I _----
61todosia (South, n)_ -------------------
Sierra T,CnirO---- _----- (J-----------
South Africa, Rcl?nblle of anuary-
Itpril)-------- ------------------
Tanzaala_.---- -._----------------
Tunisia ___ __
(lg;lnda____.._
Fqi:. FAST
13urnua_ __..___-_-____-
r i,uubud'ua..
---------------
Long Kong _____ ----------------
----------------
- mlin--- ---------------
11:1alagu;tnd Singnorc_____-----
P'akist: ul... _.. _--
'Paitvau _-_-___-___-_
'C bailand___.._--_ -._____------
----Australia- n ANIA
'T I1ll L1a- - . ------
1 ?)7nia
''/,ambta...__ -
.__..______________
'NMV zetl:ail,t_ ------------------
1,ATIf? 1 MFRICA
Argeril ina_ ___ _____.---- ,_------
)[raeil .. ._ _
Hril,ish Guiana (Issizary-February)___
I tiln_..____..__. _...__--
9'Iexic0 - -_
------------ -
Plat (. anuary-F.',rnary)__________ _
'Trinidad and Tol,.I )) -------------- ____
i.: ruguay._ -----
i'ocorn countries, I? Ltd _____________...
1:uroie an IJOmrn nmtries, total______
A?' -I!IA
Augw:j --------- --. -----------
hanu _.__-__-_
(J
Ti nya.. ------------------
-----------------
,
M11Li1a::yltepubL' __ __
MA1I . -----
N1no co___- -- __ ------_--
Nt enn. _
ItLodr'si, (Southen.l_-----------------
8011th --- - - - -Africa, RePIiblic of (January-
,
APTH) . -- -----
--anzania___ ----- -----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
PAR EAST
Afghairistan------ -------- .................
liurnta.__________
Cfluthodia----------
Ue.ylon _--____
Hong Kong-- ----- -------------------
Tndia___---- _----- __......_______----_
Japan---------- ----------------
Alalaya and Singap,ro-------------- _,
Pakistarl--------- 'Chailan l._...._ ------------------
------
OCP:r NIA
Australia------ --------------------
NowLealand._---.. ------------------
Total from
world
78, 221
183, 765
121,755
66,295
19,297
200,558
18, 480
.381:300
164, 716
89, 276
52,200
826, 800
63, 531
23, 622
120, 620
58,256
140, 244
126, 800
48,100
166, 830
786, 159
1, 351, 582
4,145,455
758, 006
578,280
257, 781
339, 300
583,164
514, 091
14, 083
247, 775
237,314
147, 544
741, 162
1)3, 720
240,253
93, 700
.53, 348, 633
33, 327, 261
urce: (T., . Del, rlment of Cornmcrcc.
1 tr pports of free world co)Irat rir.4 to North Vietnam, .1 lteuary-June 11)55
f 1r+.iur In Ihoi ,..,Ln(LC of (1.54. dol}:Lrs)
T
o
a
world
t
l
95, 642
179,830
76, 771
39, 225
9, 411
236,477
377, 500
169,400
484, 400
83,679
14, 933
613, 259
95, 467
248, 822
35, 300
114, 100
56, 500
195, 382
419,421
817,258
3. 923, 584
668, 232
262, 839
297, 600
1,499,613
576, 318
98:3
36, 657
2,811
718
1195
'23, 425
17:400
1, 494
300
5,1-27
61)0
4,182
11,098
,5, 4.12
11, 500
20,80n
6, 401)
36,701
1, 972
147:929
211, 562
64, 379
34:616
2,900
159, 051
91623
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050003-0
Percent
of total
valuo
1.0
20. 4
3.7
1.8
6.3
9.9
4.6
.9
.1
6.1
4.0
6. 6
11.6
2. 2
32.6
18.2
9. 6
18.8
.5
18.1
5. 4
9.6
13.2
1. I)
10.11
1.7
N, rrl It
rlartt
'(27
1,659
(')
(' 1
14
Total from
Percent
Kurth
Sino-Soviet
bloc
of total
vaL1o
V ialnani
230
41, 532
22. 6
2, 1(15
2.4
1,267
1.9
7.782
40.3
12, 229
1,154
li. 2
16, 000
4.2
456
1,604
1.8
2, 800
514
2, 800
.3
2, 268
3.6
973
4.1
5, 033
3.9
1,605
2.8
232
.2
25, 000
19.7
13,200
27.4
1,200
41, 1(12
24. 0
(1)
202, 930
25.9
1, 311
[39, 361
10.3
252:844
6. 1
Ii, 466
54, 395
7.2
1)06
28, 957
5. 0
349
.1
3,9()o
1. 1
(1I
18,54[
3. 2
341544
6.7
3(ili
2. 6
617
.3
4, .552
1.9
49
----------
2, 551
.3
281
.3
3:13
.1
1, 421
1.5
1.745 , 176
3. 3
820
1, 405, 244
410
3. 354
 5008 Approved For eW%?gP6*YL3R RBP67 00040005000 rch 8, 1966
There being no objection, the letters very much that there will be further reduc- munist country and that the owner is not
and schedule were ordered to be printed tions. able to prevent.
During 1965 free world countries having With respect to your suggestion that the
in the RECORD, as follows: ships in the North Vietnam trade were: ships of those nations continuing in trade
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Cyprus, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, with North Vietnam be blacklisted, I would
Washington, D.C., March 4, 1966. Japan, Lebanon, Liberia, Malta, the Nether- call your attention to the announcement by
Hon. JACOB K. JAVrrs, lands, Norway, and Panama. During the last the Maritime Administration on February 12
sident
h
P
re
e
U.S. Senate. 6 months of 1965, no Italian, Japanese, in the Federal Register that t
DEAR SENATOR JAVIT5: We appreciate hav- Lebanese, Netherlands, or Panamanian ships had approved a policy of barring U.S. Lov-
ing a copy of your speech to the Freight called at North Vietnamese ports. During ernment financed cargoes shipped from the
i 1 fla shi s calling
n-
p
f
Forwarders and Brokers Association in New this latter period France and Liberia each
York, on January 26, which you enclosed with had a ship making one call.
you letter of February 14 to the Secretary. With respect to the question of existing or
You said you would be interested in the proposed legislation to terminate aid to coun-
administration's position concerning your tries still engaged in trade and shipping with
proposal that we vigorously press our allies North Vietnam, I should like to point out
and other nations to eliminate their trading that only four aid-recipient countries had
with North Vietnam. ships calling at North Vietnam ports during
We have been giving continuing attention the last 6 months of 1965; namely Cyprus,
to the problem of both trade and shipping Greece, Liberia, and Norway. Some of the
by the free world with North Vietnam. As ships of these countries were under long-
you noted in your speech, the volume of the term charters to Communist countries and
trade is small. It amounts to only 15 per- not under control of their owners. However,
cent of North Vietnam's total trade, and is we have already had assurances in some cases
nonstrategic in nature. It is, furthermore, that once these charters expire, the ships
subject to the strategic embargo restrictions will be removed from the North Vietnam
of the Coordinating Committee (Cocom) trade. All of the four aid-recipient coun-
countries. Free world exports to North tries are taking steps to remove their ships
Vietnam consist mostly of textiles, food- from the trade in order to continue to qualify
stuffs, and fertilizer. Imports from North for United States aid. For example in the
Vietnam are mainly anthracite, apatite, rat- case of Liberia the Government has issued
tanware, fruits, and vegetables. Enclosed are regulations making it unlawful for its ships
lists of free world imports and exports to to carry cargo to or from North Vietnam.
North Vietnam for 1963, 1964, and the first We will, of course, keep the effectiveness of
6 months of 1965 that were prepared by the these measures under continuing review. It
Department of Commerce. Although we do should be pointed out that Great Britain,
not yet have data on free world trade with which has by far the largest number of free
North Vietnam for the last half of 1965, we world vessels in the North Vietnam trade, is
believe that there will be a decrease in that not an aid recipient.
trade in view of the sharp drop in free world The problem is particularly complex with
shipping to North Vietnam during the last respect to ships under British registry. The
half of 1965. majority of these vessels in the North Viet-
Since free world trade moves almost en- nam trade are small coastal vessels owned
tirely by sea, we have approached other coun- and registered in Hong Kong by Chinese
tries on this problem in terms of controlling Communist operators, yet by virtue of their
this shipping. (Such an approach is con- registry are entitled to fly the British flag.
sistent with relevant legislation and has They are on time charters to Communist
been remarkably successful.) Furthermore, China and normally ply in trade only be-
it is a more constructive approach to coun- tween mainland China and North Vietnam.
tries which would find it difficult to support Secretary Rusk took up the problem of
our Vietnam policy if we attempted to per- British-flag shipping in the North Vietnam
suade them to impose an embargo on all trade with Foreign Secretary Stewart in
trade with North Vietnam. January. Under Secretary Mann discussed
As the Secretary indicated in his testi- the problem with British Ambassador Dean
mony before the Foreign Relations Com- in December and again in January, Subse-
mittee on February 18, we have made vigor- quently, during the week of February 1 copy of this speech is enclosed for your in-
ous representations to those free world coun- Assistant Secretary Solomon discussed the formation.
d
tries whose nationals have been engaged in problem with the Foreign Secretary an
I would be interested to kwhat the
shipping with North Vietnam. other responsible British officials in London. administration' d be s position is know o this trade,
As a result of these representations and If British-flag vessels could be removed from what Navdone it eliminate is n this issue,
continued followup efforts, the number of the North Vietnam trade, we would have and what this trade amounts to currently
ships involved in the trade has declined arrived at the virtually irreducible minimum including the countries, number of vessels,
sharply. For the last 6 months the monthly of free world involvement in North Vietnam and products iIn this taverage of calls by free world vessels at Hai- shipping. There still might be an occasional suds involved ol response will trade.
a reclated
phong has dropped to 14 as compared with free world ship calling in North Vietnam as Your pp
34 per month in 1964. We are still working there will also remain the possibility of an With warm regards.
lts from an un- Sincerely
h
t
,
resu
a
hard on the problem of bringing these voy- occasional voyage t
ages down as far as possible, and we hope expired time charter contract held by a Com-
Free world countries trading with North Vietnam, 1963 and 1964
[Value in thousands of U.S. dollars]
Countries
1964
exports to
North
Vietnam
19641m-
ports from
North
Vietnam
1063
exports to
North
Vietnam
1963 Im-
ports from
North
Vietnam
Countries
1964
exports to
North
Vietnam
1964 im-
ports from
North
Vietnam
1963
exports to
North
Vietnam
1963 Im-
ports from
North
Vietnam
-
58
--------
28
Cambodia -------------------------
1,188
1,266
580
1,409
Austria----------------------------
Belgium-Luxembourg ----------
--
---------
2
767
----
2
1,514
5
Ceylon----------------------------
Tunisia
------
59
------
-----
-----------
------------
------------
------------
------------
Dcnmark------------------------- -
12
551
2
10
740
3
41
542
2
3,600
--------------------
Hong Kong -----------------------
-
88
3,729
162
3,304
France----------------------------
lederalltepublioofOermany_____
,
1,108
,
236
,
322
191
3
India______________________________
Japan
-------------------------
12
3,372
--------- - --
9,842
8
4,316
------------
10,235
Ireland----------------------------
------------
274
1
--------- --
278
------------
2,207
593
---
Malaya and Singapore ------------
1
. ,288
1-434
,296
163
1,434
Italy______________________________
Netherlands-----------------------
,
144
1,312
167
167
2,276
2
Pakistan --------------------------
New Zealand
---------------------
------------
24
-----
1
-----------
27
------------
------------
Sweden ----------------------------
_______________________
Switzerland
------------
79
7
69
72
102
70
73
-
Senegal--__-______-_______-_-------
Argentina
----------------------
-----------
606
-----------
------------
------------
-
-----------
Kingdom __________________
101
165
---
Mexico
---------------------------
95
-
3
Finand----------
-------------
d
6
----
------------
4
27
-
Australia----------_-_---?--------
--?--------
350
-
-
Jor
an-------------.----?--- -----
United Arab Repubhe (Egypt)--
--------
200
386
140
11
9
3
---_______------------
Total
12,221
-
12,761
-
24,800
Morocco---------------------------
12
------
1105
---
1
--
Ivory Coast ------
------------
1
-----
I January-October. Source: Department of Commerce.
g
rom ore g
United States
at North Vietnam on or after January 25,
1966. This announcement contained a list
of five free world ships which have recently
visited North Vietnam and which are there-
fore barred from the carriage of U.S.-financed
goods from U.S. ports. Further lists will be
published at frequent intervals.
The policy directive barring U.S. Govern-
ment financed cargoes to ships calling at
North Vietnam was calculated to supplement
our diplomatic approaches and the action
taken against recipients of U.S. aid. It is be-
lieved that these measures will be adequate
to remove practically all the remaining free
world shipping from the North Vietnam
trade. If, however, these measures are not
successful further action will have to be con-
sidered.
I hope that this information will be help-
ful to you, and I trust that you will let
me know if there are further questions.
Sincerely,
DOUGLAS MAcARTHUR IT,
Assistant Secretary for Congressional
Relations.
Hon. DEAN RUSK,
Secretary of State,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR DEAN: On January 26 I made a
speech to the Freight Forwarders Association
in New York City on the subject of East-West
trade.
In that speech, among others, I recom-
mended that the United States vigorously
press our allies and other nations trading
with North Vietnam to eliminate this trade
in view of the situation in that part of south-
east Asia. I also recommended that, should
this effort fail, we should cut off economic
and military assistance to countries continu-
ing this trade and that at some point put
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 llr rx) c dt h', / !)(;(,Approved For l a 9 7(I3fto 67 000400050003-0
:;un Ibat we as>umed the labor safeguard and the don :it of equal status to immigrants goods to North Vietnam. As a result,
rxriil.aiued in the 1952 ace was fulfilling its born in two of our American Ri' ublics. the number of ships involved in the trade
intended purpose. These irritants were removed by the act of
What ir; Liai essential. difference between October 3, 1)65, :and this is one reason why, has declined sharply. For the fast by
Lee labor provision enacted in 1952 and the when we appraise that act in term, of all months, the monthly average of calls by
more restrictive provision contained in Pub- its provisions, the conclusion is inescapable free world vessels to the port of Ilai;rhong
lie Law 89-236? Prior to December 1, 1965, that the immigration law today is infinitely has dropped to 14 as compared with 34
hi' responsibility for taking the initiative to more equitt Ole than at any Lime in our per month in 1964.
establish displacement of American workers history. Second. Among the countries with
or adverse effect on wages and working con- r ships calling on North Vietnam
+Iitfun.; devolved upon the Secretary of La- Mi. WILLIAMS of Delrawale. Madam ports,
her. The labor restriction Shad ecretary
no force in President, 1. suggest the absence: of a four are U.S. aid. recipients: Cyprus,
hie absence of a certification and, as a mat quorum. Greece, Liberia, and Norway. All of the
for of tact, the provisions of section 212(a) The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- four aid recipient countries are taking
(14) were completely dormant for 41,~, years pore. The clerk will call the roll steps to remove their ships from the
er the Mc(. irran-Walter Act came into The lcgis',ative clerk proceeded to call trade in order to continue to qualify for
force. The preamendment certifications of the roll. U.S. aid.
Liao Secretary of Labor had the effect of ex- M. JAVITS. Madam President. I ask Third. Great Britain, which has by
eluding any intending immigrant whom the far the largest number of free world
c'insular officer found to be within the sco unanimous consent that the order 3 or the
of tree certification. Now under the amend` quorums cal. be rescinded. vessels in North Vietnam trade is not an
I'd provisions of section 212(a) (14) a labor The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- aid recipient. Secretary Rusk and Un-
certiiication has the effect of admitting the pore. Without, objection, it is so der Secretary Mann. are in touch with the
particular immigrant or immigrants for ordered, Government of the United Kingdom to
whom, it is granted, and the burden of prov- Mr?. JAVITS. I ask for recognition. deal with the rather complex problems
fog nondisplicement of American workers Tlit: ACTING PRESIDENT prim tern- involved in removing British-flag vessels
and till adverse effect has been transferred from this trade. Many of these ships
to Lhe Anleric an employer. There are other pore. line ihenator from New Yorke are small coastal vessels owned and reg-
ismpiirtant dnterences. The labor certifica- --- ~-. - ~~! istered in Hong Kong by Chinese Com-
Lions under the former law were directed
a;ainst specific employers in this country UNITED :'PATES ACTS TO STOP munist operators, yet by virtue of their
or against designated geographical areas and FREE WORLD TRADE WITH NORTH registry are entitled to fly the British
were issued on a selective basis. They were. VIETNAM flag. There is no indication in tilt let-?
in other word: , limited in scope as con- ter of the progress being made iii our
tasted with the recently published sched- I'vIr. JAVITS. Ma,da.ln Presid: ut, I talks with the United Kingdom.
tale 13 (occupations in oversupply) which has call the attention of the Senate to one Fourth. On February 12 the Maritime
nationwide application. We appreciate the of the most nettling problems that faces Administration announced in the Fed-
problem inherent in any listing of the sched- us in North Vietnam. It is a fact that eral Register that the President has ap-
oleB necupations onran earea-by-area bathsis. a great deal of the supplies to North proved a policy of barring U.S. Govern--ren Ltngaage of seos, to ion, but
212(a) (14) clearly cone Vietnam is coming by sea. Thou' h, of meat financed cargoes from foreign-flag
lasnpiaLes a dectionnation (shortage of able, course, the Soviet Union or other Com- ships calling at North Vietnam on or
willing, and qualified workers) with respect inmlist states are shipping supplies into after January 26. Five free world ships
an "the place to which the alien is destined." Vietnam, I again call attention to the were involved i:n this first announce-
+;o:agreesman Fitt:auAw emphasized this point fact that goods are being shipped to meat-three British, one Cypriot, and
during the debate on H.R. 2580 when he said North Vietnam from countries in the one Greek-and they will be barred from
the following: 'New labor controls are es- free world, by some of Our stoutest al- carrying U.S. financed cargoes from U.S.
ialrlished to govern the admission of all lies, including Japan and France. Ports. These ships will be able to visit
wo'nigr;ant worker classes. 7t is true that ships engaged ill this U.S.
"i'hct,e new controls require the Secretary traffic flying the flags of Great Britain ports cdtc, however, and carry privuiely
of 1abobor to make in affirmative finding on in , financeargo.
,ite labor
case, basis that, with respect to Cyprus, Greece, Liberia, and Norway, are It is my understanding that as it re-
Lie job the immigrant worker is to fill in not always under the direct control of sult of these actions, there was a sharp
the: locality to winch he is destined, there their governments. Nevertheless, gov- drop in free world trade with North Viet-
i.,,. :ao able, wafting, gwalrfled and available ernment,s ca. a deny rcr,,istration, and can nam during the second half of 1965.
anterican worker Ii-, till that lob." persuade th't owners of these ships to During the first half of 1965, free world
Ica conclusion, I can assure you that the withdraw tieir vessel,,; from the trade. exports to North Vietnam totaled $7.2
oufminrtrative officials who share response- '[t would hall) ifs if they would stop million, with Japan, Malaysia, France,
rartity tar enton,ement of the irnmigra.tion supplying that country with those sup- and the Benelux being principal export-
,.1w have been remarkably flexible in their plies. ers. Free world imports from North
r.,'h:,lru .tion al 11 application of the new
t anor safeguard Particularly commendable In addition, one of the countries with Vietnam in this same period totaled
the action of the Secretary of Labor in the most ships flying its flag, Great $13.3 million with Japan, France, Hong
i:'iog a blank at certification for some Britain, is a .r,ref,t friend of ours. I say Kong, and Cambodia being the principal
1.51) P? lfsh unnutirants who, short of that with no sarcasm, but with the importers. Imports from North Vietnam
tic>. e si lg petal', . ts. had qualified for greatest conviction. We should Co all involved principally anthracite coal;
as r all re re is when the new law came ve can to ge!, the British to call off these while exports involved mostly textiles,
tun) toree, l 1st ally commendable was his r!llillg that hips foodstuffs, and fertilizers,
c ul am p Lrolees in the United 'lit s a fact that the trade is mall The State Department's actions to date
;tte, ..re not Slibl"et, to the labor eerti ica-
r?n when they aoply for lmnugrant visas land does not involve strategic goods. It have been effective and I hope that its
t;r;>nd. A blanket, certification has been seems to me our people should recognize further efforts will result in the chin ina-
:+)for per o?> in the service of reli_ the fact tha, 'it is small. Nevertheless, tion of this trade in the near future.
..ms dr nomin t n,i;. there is general agree- it is nettling to us while we expend rrreat Once the Vietnam conflict has been
,'n, that the lchiic provision applies only amounts of human and material re- terminated, with a just solution, it has
,ttr ,aeon of the gamily and not to his sources in Vietnam, and it seems to me already been made clear that we wr)tlld
r .arrd children; also, that it does not we should do all we can to get (:'great be willing to reconsider our policy'
ppty to tie self employed, or to those who
olicy t.o-
vi i 1 not he g Britain, as well as other countries, to ward trade with North Vietnam and to
nn11 u1 1v employed in this ceun-
a,cy. iS t.here will be other rulings cut that trade materially, consider seriously the inclusion of a trade
a Like nature. I think they reflect a On February it I wrote Secretary Rusk agreement between the United States and
i.;position nn 1 ,he r.,r., of Government, to be and asked him to state the administra- North Vietnam as part of the Ov , as we strive to carry nut tion's position an this question and to settlement in Vietnam.
toe will of Congress ?rhe secretary of State describe U.S. actions currently underway I ask unanimous consent that a letter
to d last 2 }fir:; made four appearances to eliminate this trade. sent to me by the State Department,
i the ional
l ion refornin. committees thnesup-
of he On March 4 I received a reply from together with my letter to the Secretary
port h
."i.ntca three leat,xres of the former law the Department. The key points in this of State, and tables indicating the value
wt,i,"h were adversely affecting nor foreign letter are as follows: and countries involved in this trade, may
'k.ations; namely, tlae national origins quota First. We have approached several be printed in the RECORD as a part of my
iv:aem, the A i a-Paoilic triangle restriction, Countries involved in shipping these remarks.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 8, 1966
one such expert has put it: "All the indi-
cations are that Peiping will only decide on
direct military involvement if it believes
that the United States has mounted a Yalu
River-type escalation directly threatening
the security of China Itself." In a word,
China's actual military posture in Vietnam
remains essentially defensive. China's goal
is to see the United States defeated by the
Vietcong and to avoid itself being drawn
directly into the conflict.
What in the past was based largely on ed-
ucated guesswork can now be supported by
an extremely significant, and largely un-
noted, recent statement of China's Premier
Chou En-lai. Chou, in a December 20 speech
in Peiping celebrating the fifth anniversary
of the founding of the National Liberation
Front, outlined a number of actions the
United States is preparing to take in Vietnam
including the following: Bombing Haiphong
and Hanoi; harassing and blockading the
Bac Bo Gulf to cut the sea communications
to Hanoi; bombing the Communist-held cen-
tral and southern parts of Laos; dispatching
United States, Thai, and Loatian Government
troops to occupy this area; and instigating
the Thai and South Vietnamese Governments
to seal the border between Cambodia and
South Vietnam.
Chou said nothing about possible Chinese
responses to such action. Rather he said
that if all these actions failed to save the
United States from defeat in Vietnam, as he
predicted they would, it is possible that the
United States would "go a step further and
extend its war of aggression to the whole of
Indochina and to China." He strongly sug-
gested that only at this point would China
enter the war. Similarly, Foreign Minister
Chen Yi, in a December 30 interview with a
Japanese Communist correspondent, said in
reply to a question about how China would
cope with American escalation in Indochina:
"If U.S. imperialism insists on extending the
war to China, we cannot but resolutely take
up the challenge and we will not call off the
battle until complete victory."
Why should the Chinese tip their hand in
this fashion? One reason might be a desire
to draw the line sharply between what the
United States can and cannot do In Vietnam
so as to deter a premature U.S. attack on
Chinese territory. Another might be to pre-
pare the NLF for the failure of the Chinese
to respond should the United States under-
take the lower level actions mentioned by
Chou. These actions, Chou implied, could
be dealt with by the Vietnamese people
themselves.
Obviously no one can be absolutely sure
what U.S. actions in Vietnam might trigger
a war with China. But available evidence
suggests that Peiping Is just as anxious to
avoid a larger war as Is the United States.
Such a war, In which China would be ex-
tremely vulnerable to American air power,
would serve no rational purpose either for
China or the United States. This is not to
say it could not happen, Nations have blun-
dered into war before. The point is that
both China and the United States have very
strong reasons to avoid a direct confronta-
tion in Vietnam and there Is a reasonable
chance that they can do so.
This does not mean that escalation carries
no risk or is desirable. But It does suggest
that the apocalyptic view taken by some ad-
ministration critics is not appropriate to the
situation. Moreover, this view hampers real-
istic consideration of American options.
THE MERRIMACK II STORY
Mr. COTTON. Madam President, It
is an unhappy fact of life that every
hair-brained scheme bearing the bless-
ing of Government planners and bureau-
crats receives front page attention,
regardless of merit or return to the tax-
payer, while the contributions of private
investment to the growth of our econ-
omy are accepted as a matter of course,
with little notice and faint praise.
We are confronted with a classic
example of this in northern New Eng-
land where much has been made of a
proposed hydroelectric project on the
St. John River. In the midst of all the
clamor attending this determined effort
to bring public power to my section of
the country, wanted or not, needed or
not, economic or not, the Public Service
Co. of New Hampshire is quietly pro-
ceeding with the construction of a $37
million extension of its Bow, N.H., plant,
designed to bring needed power to our
State, at reduced cost to the consumer,
without expense to the rest of the Na-
tion, and with the payment of additional
taxes to community and State.
As is pointed out in an excellent edi-
torial appearing in the Manchester
Union Leader for Friday, February 25,
this provides a textbook lesson in the
benefits of free enterprise as opposed to
Government control, and I ask that the
full editorial be printed at the conclu-
sion of my remarks.
I, for one, am delighted to help tell
the "Merrimack II Story" and invite to
the attention of the Senate that private
initiative has not yet been stifled by big
Government, at least in New Hampshire.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Manchester (N.H.) Union Leader,
Feb. 25,19661
WHO WILL TELL THE MERRIMACK II STORY?
Construction of a $35 million addition to
the Public Service Co,'s generating plant in
Bow, with an anticipated drop of between 30
and 40 percent in electricity bills, not only
will provide a textbook lesson in the benefits
of free enterprise as opposed to Government
control, but also it will bring that lesson
home with dramatic impact.
William C. Tallman, president of the firm,
described this dramatic success story without
need to resort to overstatement during his
remarks at the recent ground-breaking cere-
mony. When the new addition-to be known
as Merrimack II-becomes operational in
the spring of 1968, Tallman said, New Hamp-
shire will have the lowest electric power cost
of any thermal unit In the six New England
States. The 350,000-kilowatt unit at Bow
will cause power costs to drop from 71/,z
to 4.9 mills per kilowatt-hour. Thus, in the
short space of one decade, the cost will have
dropped from more than a cent per kilowatt-
hour to less than one-half a cent.
The addition to the existing plant, 6-year-
old Merrimack I, will produce a total gen-
erating capacity of 476,000 kilowatts and also
will result in the employment of hundreds of
New Hampshire men at the construction site.
The company's investment is a commit-
ment not only in terms of dollars and cents,
It is also an affirmation of the Public Service
Co.'s confidence in the future of the
Granite State. To illustrate that confidence
the firm is spending $37 million on Merri-
mack II, the largest investment in a single
factory ever made by a New Hampshire in-
dustry, and $8 million for new transmission
lines. Vice President Eliot Priest estimates
that some $11 million will be spent in New
Hampshire for wages and materials for the
construction project.
Out-of-State readers of this newspaper can
breathe a sigh of relief. This is not a TVA-
type project. The lowering of electricity
costs here is not being accomplished at the
expense of the rest of the Nation.
Since all private utilities are watched
closely by the Internal Revenue Service and
are forbidden to deduct the cost of certain
institutional advertisements from their
taxable incomes-i.e., they may not indicate
a preference for investor-owned utility com-
panies as against Government-owned plants
which are the beneficiaries of tax favoritism
and vast public appropriations-it is to be
hoped that New Hampshire's congressional
delegation will use their positions to lavish
the kind of praise on Merrimack II that is
lavished on public power projects.
There's no law against that-so far.
FIRST LADY'S SPEECH AT THE UNI-
VERSITY OF ALABAMA
Mr, ERVIN. Madam President, on
February 25, 1966, our First Lady, Mrs.
Lyndon B. Johnson, addressed the Uni-
versity of Alabama and American As-
sociation of University Women Leader-
ship Conference at Tuscaloosa, Ala.
In returning to her native Alabama to
speak at the university which she once
attended, Mrs. Johnson alluded to the
early history of the university and em-
phasized the role of women in the uni-
versity's development.
Mrs. Johnson indicated several areas
in national life in which women are
making an outstanding contribution and
correctly opined "when women get be-
hind a project, things happen."
The First Lady did not confine her
praise to the ladies. Indeed, she right-
fully lauded Alabama's two distinguished
U.S. Senators. No one knows better than
their Senate colleagues how right Mrs.
Lyndon Johnson was when she said
"there are two men who stand tall in
the Nation's Capital." I would like to
identify myself with Mrs. Johnson's
tribute to two of the Senate's most able
Members.
The First Lady discussed, in an en-
gaging manner, a number of the admin-
istration's programs. I call to my col-
leagues' attention this very interesting
and charming speech of a very lovely
lady.
Madam President, I ask unanimous
consent that Mrs. Johnson's speech be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the speech
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS BY MRS. LYNDON B. JOHNSON, UNI-
VERSITY'OF ALABAMA AND AMERICAN Asso-
CIATION or UNIVERSITY WOMEN LEADERSHIP
CONFERENCE, TUSCALOOSA, ALA., FEBRUARY
25, 1966
Dr. Rose, friends, coming home Is always a
nostalgic experience and Alabama is second
home to me. But my nostalgia is mixed with
pride today as we gather at this great uni-
versity. Back in the summer of 1931, 1 was
enrolled here for 6 short weeks. Over the
years, this campus has lived in my mind as
the perfect setting for a college. It seemed
to come right out of a novel, with all the
romance and beauty that implies. I remem-
ber the patrician president's mansion and the
quadrangle with its great old trees, offering
welcomed shade and that comfortable feeling
of deep roots. There was a marvelous swim-
ming hole off the campus that must by now
be lost to the forces of progress. But the
center of life was the Union Building. We
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than regret. It, passed a. resolution, the first
in its kind, calling on him to reconsider.
"'t'he general welfare of the entire United
Males and Virginia demands his continued
service," the resolution concluded.
Byrd, bearing his promise in mind, went
to Mrs. Byrd with the assembly's request.
She herself wrote a. letter to the assembly:
"I. have looked forward to my hlrsband's re-
tirement, but I do not, feel that my hope
should obstruct the judgment of those better
informed. than I who think he can render a
public service in these trying days."
So Byrd ran again for the U.S. Senate. His
.'avoriie corner there is the finance rore-
inil,tee of which he is chairman. He fig hts a
cheerful but endless rearguard action against
ten, much spending, too much foreign eco-
nomic aid, too much intrusion by the Fed-
eral power. His arguments, in brief, almost
oiihanrl speeches, are never stilled.
Ifiundreds of major legislative actions in
1,i>' liisral field over the years have borne the
iinprint of Byrd'5 thrifty hand. The sound-
ne,:is of the social security system, for one,
represents an enduring Byrd victory. From
ttnl enactment of the law in 1935 Byrd was
for the beautiful tributes that have been sion in the National Park System. This coil.-
paid to him this morning, and for the tains the magnificent Gold BluH"s se lshnr?,
magnificent plaque which was worded with numerous waterfalls dropping ciow>
and approved by the Committee on Fi- the face of Gold Bluff from the forest, above,
nanee, on which he served so long as the unbelievably beautiful Fern Cant us, the
chairman, world's tallest trees, and a far greatr '. riet',
Those SEn:a,tOF5 who served wi!,Yl him of scenic features than are found in any of
know how deeply he revered the Senate v
the ariety other wildlife cispec es, incluci rr ~* the
of the United States. I believe that all Roosevelt elk are to be found in t.h?a pro-
Senators know how much he mis;e's the posal and the area is especially important
many wont!?1?ful and warm friendships for its ecological value. It's recre:.tional
he enjoyed for so many years w1 h his facilities are far better than those n the
l
co
leagiies 1n the Senate.
Speaking from my own point of view,
it was; an ilispifing, wonderful thing to-
day to sit in the Senate Chamber that he
loved so mveh and to hear so many dis-
tiinguislied U.S, Senators pay If,) my
father such wonderful tributes.
Madam President, on behalf :f my
father and myself, I express ms deep
appreciatioi_.
Bluff Beach would afford unequalledop-
portunities to the public for the enjoyment
and use of a seashore area. In additin*i. the
Prairie and Redwood Creek areas are better
suited to absorb an increasing visitor load,
without impairment, than are any r>f the
other possible national park proposals.
Of greatest importance is the fact that
the Prairie Creek-Lost Man Creek-I.erl wood
Creek Valley contains a wider swe,?p cif
primeval redwood forest than is to be mound
in any other sectJon of the redwood r ? r
dissatisfied with. it because it promised bil- REDWOOD NATIONAL PARK
lions of dollars in pensions but offered no
!r,o:iranl,eed means for paying the bill. He Mr. METCALF. Madadn President, on
wanted nothing lass than a. pay-as-YOU-go February 23 when I introduced alnend-
plan--and 4 years later, in 1939, Congress ;meat 487 to S. 2962, to establish a Red-
accepted a Byrd amendment for pay as you wood National Park, I listed the follow-
0>. pig organizations which support ainend-
.?eventeer, years later, when the Eisenhower lnent 437: Sierra Club, the Wildlife
cctministration proposed the vast, multibil-
lion-collar hi~bw:c Management Institute, the Wilderness
R y program now i.n the :,
process or lacing this country, Byrd returned Society, the ';, ensComitlittee 011 Nat-
Nat-
's t at ion
,i, K,e ail Humphrey, theca Secretary of the
Treasury, wanted to finance the system with
it bored issue which would augment the al-
ready mountainous Federal debt. Byrd told
diem, "Roads, Yes, gentlemen. Tionds, no,
rentlemen." When the Federal Highway
Act of 1956 wa. finally adopted, it carried
Ilyrd's pa.y-as-you-go financing plan.
1Ie fights doggedly even on small items.
When in. 1945 the time came for President
Franklin D. Roosevelt :s fourth innnguration,
Byrd was chairman of the inaugural commit-
f,ee. Congress appropriated for the occasion
$25,000, to Byrd an ample sum. F.D.R., who
had conducted polite but relen.iless warfare
for year:; with the Senator, observed one
night to friends: "Old Harry is so worried
about money, I think I shall simply an-
tiounce that I want; nothing from him for the
inauguration--not, even his precious $25,000."
llyrd calmly took the President at his word.
le issued orders to the inaugural committee
in return the $25,000 to the Federal 'Treasury.
Roosevelt paid t'or the chicken a, la king
naugural luncheon out or regular White
Ilnnse funds.
Ilyrd has always assumed that. because
he means a thing when he says it, other pub-
lic men mean what they say. Demagoguery
a utterly foreign to him; he never hides his
Riotives or, apolol',izcs for his actions, "I
Just go nn my regular course," Byrd was
quoted by Time. "I don't claim to have any
special virtues at a.ll I jest vote for 'what
I think is right."
Truman once sa.irl that there were "too
many Byrds" In the Senate. But there is
only one i.{arry Flood Byrd of Virginia; and
there will not sons if ever, he another.
l:;sues are endlessly debatable; but cha.rac-
i?ar is not.. And Harry Byrd symbolizes it
vanishing era of public men who stood to the
, ore in awareness that their true and nit3.-
inate responsibility was to country and
history.
Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Madam Presi-
dent, on behalf of the former senior Sen-
ator from Virginia, as well as on behalf
of the present junior Senator from Vir-
!tnia, I express my deep appreciation to
the former colleagues of Senator Byrd
this sweep of forest extends from the-near
rain forest grooves in the present Prairie
Creek State Park southeastward acrr ? the
width of the redwood belt. Within thi:. pro-
posal there are also a number of unaltered
tributary streams to Redwood Creek. 'these
are practically the only streams in the red-
wood region today, the watersheds of cehich
are still untouched by man.
With some 12,000 to 15,000 acres o: the
redwoods being logged each year it i: the
understat>'me?t
--
- urge estanlin
fi-
doors Clubs, the Izaak Walton Lrague, meat of a Redwood National Park of apl,rox-
the Public Affairs Institute, Trout Un- imatly 90,oro acres, believe the Prairie Creek-
limited, the Audubon Society, and Citi- Lost Man Creek-Red
red for wood
such a
zens for a Redwood Park. Amendment pray that the first act of the next park,
487 is also su;)ported by thr' Garden Chub f
ica went on record at a hearing before
the Department of the Interior last No-
vember. I ask unanimous consent to in-
sert in the RL:COR;I the statement at that
November 22, 1965, hearing by Mrs.
Thomas M. Waller, president of the Gar-
den Club of America.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ord-ared to be printed in the
RECORD, as fol.ows:
(For presentition at a meeting to review
and di::cuss proposals for a Redwoods Na-
tional Park in California---U.S. Department
of the Interior, Washington, D.C., November
22', 1965.
I am Mrs. Th,mae, Waller of Bedford Bills,
N.Y., president of the Garden CluL of
America, a nati.na] organi:aation with mem-
ber clubs from mast, to coast and in Hawaii.
I greatly appreciate this opportunity to pro-
se;at our views on this important issue.
The concern of the Garden Club of America
for the Sequoia Sempervirens is a long serial
which commenced in the 1920's. In 1931
we presented 2,552 acres on the south fork
of the Eel River to the California State Park
system and since then have added 1,565 acres
to our grove. Our interest and concern for
the preservation of the Redwoods has mover
lessened.
We strongly idvoaate the establisher ent
now of a Redwoods National Park of apprxi-
mately 90,000 acres, a park which would
include about 45,000 acres of Virgin trees,
the most significant area of primeval red-
woods, and other related natural features.
In considering the total acreage to be en-
compassed in a 1ledwoods National Park we
are mindful of tae fact that the entire area
was, once a virgin forest of close to 2 mil-
lion acres. We believe that Prairie Creek-
Lost Man Creek-Redwood Creek Valley is he
most important and suitable area for inclu-
N
THE SITUATION IN VIETNAIV1
Mr. McGEE, Madam President, re-
garding the situation in Vietnam and the
reasoned, careful escalation of American
military activity there, I have said on
several occasions that these are steps we
must take,' realizing the risk of provok-
ing mainland China. Some critics of
the Government's policies seem sure that
we are bound to provoke China into
massive intervention in Indochina.
This, they say, is a risk we cannot take.
It is, however, a risk we must take.
Today's Washington Post, Madam Presi-
dent, treats this question with an edi-
torial which gives little weight to he
apocalyptic view of the critics I hav
e
mentioned. i ask unanimous consent
that this editorial be printed in the
R
ECORD
.
There bein
g no objection thdti
,e eiora.
was ordered to be printed in the RECo,:n,
as follows:
[From the Washington Post, Mar. It, 791;6 J
WAR WITH CHINA?
Many recent critics of American policy in
Vietnam fear that this policy is increasing
the risk of war with China. They expect
early Chinese intervention In the Vietnam: ye
war. There is reason to believe that th'ir
expectation is ill founded.
Some American specialists on China
---
amiliar with her conduct in past crises
lave long ' elieved that she would intervene
assively in the Vietnam war only if she
ere attacked or if American troops invaded
orth Vietnam with the intention of ove,r-
hrowing the Communist regime there. \s
CPYRGH
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5030
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member-for I have enjoyed membership in Our maritime industry should be a major
the Propeller Club. and vibrant part of our economy-it is es-
It is something more than simply a very sential not only to our national defense-
genuine pleasure for me to address you as the Vietnam conflict has once again
today. proved-but to our commerce. If properly
The broadly based objectives of the Pro- promoted, the merchant marine could by
peller Club of the United States to promote, itself overcome our adverse balance of inter-
further and support an American merchant national payments.
marine adequate to meet the requirements Let us look at a few facts:
of national security and economic welfare of It is indeed ironic that the present budget
the United States apply to all of the 50 mem- calls for only 13 new vessels during the
her ports within and without the United fiscal year 1966. In 1964, when 100 new
States and to the 15 student ports. They merchant vessels were delivered to the Soviet
are the objectives sought to be fostered by Union, only 16 new vessels were delivered
the more than 10,000 dedicated individuals for U.S. registry.
interim coalition government into which the
Vietcong could be incorporated along with
the many other elements that make up the
variegated political life of South Vietnam.
It goes without saying that the projected
program of social reform emphasized at the
recent Honolulu meeting is essential to any
long-term solution in South Vietnam. If
vigorously pursued, it would strengthen sup-
port for the Saigon Government and, in fact,
aid it in negotiations with the Communists
and in the inevitable postwar political con-
flict. But the trouble is that statements of
South Vietnamese leaders give the impres-
sion that they have not much faith, or are
not particularly interested in pushing this
vital program. Such attitudes need drastic
revision.
This newspaper believes that these modi-
fications in present policy could conceivably
lead to the beginning of a beginning of an
end to the war. They may not work; but it
is our belief that they offer a far greater
hope of achieving an honorable peace and a
far smaller risk of an "open ended" war
than faces the embattled and bewildered
American people today. The ultimate Amer-
ican objective must be to leave South Viet-
nam honorably and to leave it in condition
freely to choose its own government and de-
tarmin, its nwn nolicV.
MERCHANT MARINE POLICY
Mr. BREWSTER. Madam President,
a respected Member of Congress from
Maryland, Representative EDWARD A.
GARMATZ, chairman of the House Com-
mittee on Merchant Marine and Fish-
eries, delivered a speech on merchant
marine policy at the end of last month
before the Propeller Club of the Port of
Washington.
Representative GARMATZ' speech pin-
points the needs of our declining mer-
chant marine. It deserves to be called
to the attention of the Senate.
I agree with Representative GARMATZ
that the time is ripe for us to develop a
realistic, positive, maritime program
based on the framework of the Merchant
Marine Act of 1936.
I also agree with Representative GAR-
MATZ that such a program should include
the second phase of our nuclear pro-
pelled commercial vessel development
scheme. In general, shipbuilders need
the same sort of assistance in vessel re-
search that has already been granted to
the aircraft industry.
Madam President, I ask unanimous
consent that the speech of Representa-
tive GARMATZ to the Propeller Club on
February 23, 1966, be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the speech
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS OF HON. EDWARD A. GARMATZ,
DEMOCRAT, OF MARYLAND, CHAIRMAN, COM-
MITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISH-
ERIES, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, AT THE
PROPELLER CLUB, PORT OF WASHINGTON,
LUNCHEON, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1966,
AT THE MAYFLOWER HOTEL, WASHINGTON,
D.C.
Mr. Clark, members of the Propeller Club,
Port of Washington, distinguished guests,
ladies and gentlemen, it is a pleasure for
me to appear before the Propeller Club of
the Port of Washington. .
The Propeller Club was founded to pre-
serve the maritime heritage of our Nation
and it is a symbol of our maritime industry
and the American merchant marine. I am
proud to say that I appear before you as a
who make up our national membership.
Interest in the furtherance of these objec-
tives is at a high level in all of the constitu-
ent ports.
And I wish to compliment the national
and local leadership that is presently exert-
ing itself to make the Propeller Club an
effective force in the vital maritime affairs of
our country.
But there is something special about this
club-not that there is any greater interest
or dedication to our objectives than t}Iere is
elsewhere.
The something special is due to the unique
concentration of representatives here in
Washington of virtually every element that
goes to make up the great complex of Ameri-
can maritime policy and all of its contribut-
ing components.
Just a quick look at a roster of the mem-
bership of the Port of Washington bears
this out.
From the Government you have many
members from most of the executive depart-
ments, including, of course, the numer-
ous bureaus and agencies within such
departments.
You have vice presidents and other high
officials of most of the leading shipping and
shipbuilding companies.
The major maritime trade associations are
well represented.
Maritime labor is widely represented.
There are naval architects, steamship
agents, leading manufacturers' representa-
tives, and lawyers galore. You have beau-
teous lady members, Madeleine Carroll and
Congresswoman LEONOR SULLIVAN.
So, it is a special privilege, and I believe
very fitting, that I should appear before you
today to make what is virtually my maiden
speech since election to the chairmanship
of the Committee on Merchant Marine and
Fisheries. I am greatly pleased to see so
many members of the committee here today.
I am looking forward to the coming years,
and I am here to give you my pledge that
I will do all in my power to carry out our
national maritime policy and vigorously fos-
ter the objectives of the Propeller Club of
the United States.
Although I have seen written reports that
I am slanted in one way or another, I can
promise you that my efforts will be directed
in behalf of the overall good for the Ameri-
can merchant marine.
A little over a year ago, the Soviet Union
had 464 merchant vessels under contract in
shipyards, including 111 tankers. As of the
same date, the United States had only 39
new vessels under contract, including 1
tanker.
At the present time, the United States-
the major power of the world and by far
the world's major trading nation-ranks 12th
in new vessel construction.
We rank behind such countries as Argen-
tina, Brazil, Finland, and Peru.
For a nation whose growth and greatness
have come from seapower, can these facts be
other than alarming?
I have always considered that our basic
maritime policy is sound.
Under the Merchant Marine Act of 1936,
we have developed the world's most efficient
and most modern liner fleet-even though
inadequate in numbers. The detailed pro-
visions of the act, however, have not been
adequate to promote strong bulk carrier and
tanker segments of our merchant marine.
Succeeding administrations have failed to
seek the necessary implementing legislation
or administer that which has been provided.
I would not attempt to contend that any
statute, in the face of changing times, should
remain unaltered for 30 years.
And we can have a more realistic program
for assisting American-flag bulk carriers and
tankers, without at the same time destroying
that part of the act which has been success-
ful. Some new legislation may be needed.
Let us have it and we will act on it.
At a time when we should be considering
a positive program for broadening the Mer-
chant Marine Act of 1936 to extend its bene-
fits to all segments of the American mer-
chant marine, we are floundering on the sea
of uncertainty.
At a time when our domestic shipbuilding
program should be at its peak, the present
budget proposes a program that is the all-
time low.
I am tired of reading analyses of the In-
teragency Maritime Task Force report, or of
the report of the President's Maritime Ad-
visory Committee. The business of our com-
mittee is legislation, and without a legisla-
tive program to consider, we are left to
theorize like everyone else.
I am confident that President Johnson
aims to dispel the atmosphere of despair that
now prevails in our maritime program, as he
other areas. The picture is not
has done in
witnessed a period when our national marl-
entirely bleak.
time policy has been the subject of so much Our country has the world's only nuclear-
uncertainty and confusion. Not withstand- powered merchant vessel, the NS Savannah.
ing a a clear statutory statement of policy,
with a full set of implementing guidelines, We are on the verge of technological break-
we seem to be not only without a propeller, through in the field of nuclear propelled
but apparently without rudder and helms- commercial vessels, and the time is ripe for
man as well. us to begin the second phase of our nuclear
At a time when the Soviet Union is ex- ship program.
panding the size of its merchant fleet at a The United States has the world's best, the
faster rate than any other nation in the most modern and most productive liner
world, the American merchant marine is ex- fleet-but we need more such vessels in pri-
periencing a record decline. vate ownership to serve our complex society
I am concerned about- the confusion and and the uncertain but demanding needs of
uncertainty that exists and I am concerned war.
about the steady decline of this country as With assistance in vessel research similar
a maritime power. to that of the American aircraft industry, I
It seems to me extremely shortsighted for am convinced that our domestic shipyards
this country to allow such a situation to could become competitive with foreign ship-
exist and continue. builders.
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 larch 8, 1966 Approved Fo EM
CPYRGI-ETe Armed Forces, "The world has lost a
C Ply
1i.tutguished citizen whose energies and
siemo were devoted without stint to a long
l.retime of service to free men everywhere."
li''rom the tlonotutu Star-Bulletin, Mar.
19(361
1;::1..1,0 F :CII'QOCATED
'[diE'i'OR, THE STAR-BULLETIN:
Last week the United States paused to
honor the memory of Fleet Adm. Chester W.
'ianitz. Many of us who had the privilege
of serving under his command during World
War II recalled anecdotes which illustrated
:,lie brillance a.nd simultaneously the hurnan-
.y of hs leadership.
Use such anecdotes stands out in my
rnernory_ It involves an incident here in
rnnolucu in the full of 1945. An Hawaiian
society, the Sons and Daughters of Hawaiian
Warriors, decided to confer a rare honor on
:are famous admiral. They wanted to make
,.:inn a "high alit 'which honor had only been
be:aowcd on one or two other haoles in re-
a:nrcicd history. Admiral Nimitz was in-
inrtned and replied that he would be pleased
Lo accept the honor.
The ceremony was held on a Saturday
morning and the locale was. naturally. the
niakat steps of lolani Palace. Several thou-
:::i.i.id people, including representatives of
timing Hawaiian societies gathered to observe
Llie impressive ceremony. After the conch.
:.hells were blown, an Hawaiian chant re-
cited, two spears were crossed over the Ad-
,.4u''}s head and the traditional yellow feath-
R%Df Fllpe was draped over the shoulders of
his sparkling white dress uniform-
At that point, Admiral Nimitz responded
in a, Cashion as exquisitely appropriate as T
have ever witne''iii. He accepted the honor
in a. hr'ef speech in Hawaiian. In spite of
what must have been crushing demands on
his intents and energy, he had taken time to
phrase and then memorize his remarks in
Ii:awaii's own language.
ti' l can imagine the reaction of the crowd.
Deep emotion was openly expressed and I
roc:Ill that many senior Hawaiian ladies and
;;cntlemen wept without reserve.
t awa.i has honored Admiral. Nimitz In
many ways. On that day in October 1945, the
ni.rirniral honored Hawaii with a simple yet
lirorouncl gesture; that was typical of his true
Yea tnei;s.
Vi e 'NAIV - WE ARE THERE
Mr. VIcCARTIIY. Madam President.
T sholild like to rail to the attention of the
8,cllate. and to the country as a whole. the
editorial in the New York Times on Sun-
t]