SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GORCHAKOV, N.D. - GORCHAKOV, YE.V.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2000
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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I to It U It w It It If 4
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A __
*0 A' 111 F 582. DESORMON OF SOMM FROM ACTIVATED CHARCOAL BY
INIMT
96cl GASFZ. 11. Gorehakov N D. and Fogodin, 1. 1. (J. A,pl.
Chem.
00, 1945*1- -We#-then. Abatr., 1946, LO, 6316)
The desorption rato of EtOH from charcoal by C02 was determined
1; at various rates of C02 flow (from 0.1 to 1.5 I/aq /min).
;fc":
The ortimum conditions are 125-306, C02 flow rate 0 5
L/sq.=.min.
and 15-min duration. In such a case up to 88.4% of advorbed AM
Poo: is dosorbed with utilizeition of I ou.n. of C02 per kg. of
MOH.
00 ": EAJ from charcoal AP was studied
I III. Ibid. ��2-M. Desorption of
00, for desorimInt, at 95-89j, 110-121, 125-)00. -Lbe optimum
by using CO
00, 2
condition to 125-306 at 0.5 L/sq.am./zln. C02 rate. Desorption
by
% and N was also studied under conditions of constant use of the
charcoal layer; the optl== corAltions under this regime are as
above,
with 91-2% 3WH bolng d-gaorbod as 95-6% 3t0H. ':he only amount
of
C02 actually needed is that required, to fill the apparatus. Tho
J;.T. method An consideriOly mV*ri'or to the oomeroWly used sten
AX.1 desorption. A diagram of the closed system used to
presented. IV,
N. D Gorchakov and Z
6 Var ushinik Ibid 1~46j -~01
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The dynamic activity of Charoool AP At a layer derth of 100 am.
and
benzene concentratkon of 30 mg./I. Is 20-304, in desorption of
0* benzene by rienas of 002. The ortimim time for desorption lc
15
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'D 0 to condense 72% of benzene wtJoh was adsorbed on the
charcoal,
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GORCHffOV. H.D.; PMDIN, Iol.
Desorption of solvents from activated charcoal by inert
gases.
Zhur. prikl. khim. 31 no.l-.60-65 A '58. (MIRA 11:4)
1,Laboratoriya sorbtsionnoy takhniki Ieningradekogo
tekhnologiche-
skogo instituta,ime Lensoveta.
(Carbon, Activated) (Desorption)

G011CHAKOV, N. G.
Gorchakov, N. 0. - "Torsional oncillationn of the linear
branched systemns"
Sbornik trudov (Akad. nauk Ukr. SSR, Laboratoriya problem
bystrokhodnykh mashin
i mekhanizmov), Issue 1, 1949, P. 5-19
S03 U-4355, 14 August 53, (Letopis 'Zhurnal Inykli
Statey, No. 15, 1949)

G-0 1i A v--,0 V, cr- ,
SOV/124-58-10-11480
Translation from: Referativnyy 2-hurnal, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 10,
p III (USSR)
AUTHOR: Gorchakov [Horchakov,,.. .'.H.]
TITLE: On the Electrical Analog Simulatibn of Forced
Oscillations in an
Elastic System (Ob elektromodelirovanii vynuzhdennykh kolebaniy
uprugoy sistemy) in Ukrainian
PERIODICAL: Nauk. shchorichnyk. Mekhan.-matem. fak. Kyyivslk.
un-tu, 1956.
Kyyiv, 1957, pp 550-552
ABSTRACT: Bibliographic entry
Card 1/1

GORCHAKOV, IT.G. (Horchakov, H.H.] (Kilv)
" ~ ,
Applying electric analop methods to vibrations of elastic
systems
with nonlinear damping Lwitb aumwry In English). Prikl.
makh. 4
no. 2:205-210 158. (MIRA 11:8)
1. lUvalkir darxhavniy univeraltet.
(Vibration-Slaotromeohanical analogies)

GORCHAKOV, Ovidiy Aleksandrovich;
VOS.MSENSKAYA, Ye., red.
[Visiting Uncle Sam; a journalist's report] V
gostiakh u
diadi Sema; reportazh. Moskvap Molodaia
gvardiia, 1965.
221 p. (MIRA 18:3)

KIYE17YA, I.M., kand. tekhn. nauk, GORCIUKOVA,
O.D., red.
[Means for increasing the load carrying capacity
of
mercury rectifiers; lecture in the course "Ionic
and
electronic converters" for students of the
fourth year
in "Electrification of railroad transportation")
Puti
povysheniia nagruzochnoi sposobnosti rtutnykh
ventilei;
lektsiia po distsipUne "Ionrqe i elektronnye
Freobrazo-
vateli" dlia studentov IV kurea spetsiallnosti
"Elektrifi-
kataiia zheleznodorozhnogo transporta.11 MoBkvaj
VZIIT,
1964. 14 P. (MIRA 18-4)

us3n~y robl'As - A-cUiudolof,". iiistor~,.
Sci(--;l-
tific Institutions (";~ Co-iftruicLs. Tc--chirc.
Prc)bl(.rs
of Bibliofnippirr n,-d Scic-itific DocurnuAntian.
..bs Jour:ItCfLr.-!t 7)-yr - Khirdyi, 6, 25
1'prch 1957, 1 0 1
.',utbor:Gorchn.1-ov,
Irst
TitlL D. 1. I''cndLlQ'LV MI,.,,dustri,!l
DLvc-lopricit of Ural
Orie. Pub s xtcrLf. cliss lm~d. LC(':-!. :1.
L,,-!Us L.; 1956;
,iI bstr.-.ct : *-.Irj nbstr-ct.
C,nrd 1/1

GORGHAKOT, R.S.
No " - Now"P"-
ID.I. Mendeleev on the prospects of the development of
ferrous
metallurgy In the Ural region. Test. LGU 12
no.5-.17-27 '57.
(Mendeleev. Dmitrii Ivanovich, 1834-19o7) (KMA lO.-6)
(Ural Mountain region--Ketallurgy)

GOREWL_S&#p; GRAM, 1j., starehiy Insheisr-, VOKHATOYST,
H.S.., inshaner-
makhanik; ITABOYMY. N.F.; EDVALRY, M.A., starshly
anergetik treat&.
Improving the use ancl repair of building machinery.
Stral.prom.34 no.6;
39-40 Ja '56. (MA 9:9)
l.GlavW.m9khw1k treat& Zapereshatroy (for
Gorchakey).2.Dtdol glavnego
wokWmiks tres% Vas to)mof tras troy (for
Xondrst'yov).3.G1a;vny7 rkhomik
treats Stallmon-tash-,5 Minstroys SSSR (for Ivanovskiy).
(Dailaing machinery)

GORCHAKOV, Syyatoslav Pettrovich; KOBZEV, Nikolay
Andreyevioh; ISTOF-IN,
S*N*p otV. red.; SMU, L.L.p redo izd-va; HINSKER,
L.I.,
tekhn. red,; IMILDIL, L,11.1 takhn,red.
[Guide for the track maintenance worker] Spravochnoe
posobie pu-
tevogo rabochogo. Moskva, Goo.nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo
lit-ry po
gornomu delu, 1961. 62 p, (Railroade-Track) (MIRA
-15:2)

GOR0111LEOV, V.
Subject USSR/Aeronautics AID - P-175
Card 1/1
Author Gorchakov, V., Lt. Col.
Title Calculation of the Aerodynamic Correction in a
Speedometer
Periodical Air Force Herald, 1, 48 - 50, Ja 1954
Abstract A method of eliminating some errors in the correction of
the-aerodynamic speedometers is discussed. Diagram,
tables.
Institution : None
Submitted : No date

Subject USSR/Aeronautics AID P - 769
Card 1/1 Pub. 135 - 15/15
Author : Gorchakov, V., Lt. Col.
se~~t; iiv
Title : De&ee of' accuracy of calculations on slide rules NL-7
and NL-8
Periodical Vest. vozd. flota, 11, 92-96, N 1954
Abstract This article is an answer to a reader"s question about
the
use of slide rules NL-7 and NL-8. The author gives the
required information on the calculation of the altitude
and velocity.
Institution : None
Submitted- : No date

OLENEV, Nikolay Mikhaylovich; GORCHAKOV, V.A...
nauchn. red.j
RTJSAKOVA, L.7a.v I
(Storage of petrol3um and petroleum prod-acts]
Khranenie
nefti i nefteprodu!ktov. Izd.3., perer. i dop.
Leningrad,.
Nedra, 1964. 428 P* (MIRA 17t6)

GORCHAKOV, V. A.
"Changes in the Titer of the Complement of
Immunophagocy-tic
Indicators and white -Olood Cells During Acute and Chronic
Tonsillitis."
Cand Med Sol, Turkmen Medical Inst iment L V. Stalin. Aead
Sol
Turkmen SSR, Ashkhabad, 1955. '(KL, "1 10, Mar 55)
SO: Sum. No. 670, 29 Sep 55--~"urvey of Scientific and
Technical
Dissertations refended at USSR Higher Educational
Institutions (15)

GORCHAKOV, V.A.
t I. "I ~,:,
Microflora of tonsils in patients with acute and
chronic tonsil-
litis in Turkmenistan. Izv.AN Turk.&M no.4:76-81 '55.
(MLFA 9:5)
1. Turkmenskiy gosudarstvannyy meditsinskiy institut
imeni I.V.
Stalina.
(MM130M. STAN--TONSILS--BACTERIOLOGT)

-7
UMitom and Animal Physiology - Blood. V-3
/Abe Jour : Ref Zhur - Biol.,, No 2p 1958) 8470
Author : V.A. Clorchakov
Inst Turbasnistan Siate bledicaa inetitiete
Title The State of the VhIte Blood. Fmtion and the
Sedimemtation
Rates of the Erythrocytes In Acute and Chronic Tonsi" itis
Orig Pub Tr. Turkm. Goo. Mod.. In-ta.. 1955, 5-6, 122-128
Abe-braet Of 40 pationtv with aauto tonsillitis mM
leukocytosis
vas detected among 30%o nuclear displacement to',the left
among 7T-5%., (wainqpenis among TT-5% and increased
sedimen-
tation rate of erytbrocytes among 70%. By the time of cli-
nical recovery norviLlization of the blood had taken place
in the majority of the patients vith angina; the sedimen-
tation rate had returned to normal is, 57.5%- No relation-
ship vas noted between the blood chart and the complement
Card 1/2

. , , - ---) V~, .
GORCHAKOV, V.A.; KHYDYROV, B.Kh.
--------
Professor Ivnn Ynsillevich Korankov: on his 60th
birthdxy. Vent.
oto-rin. 19 no.6:103 B-D 157 (MIRA 11:3)
(KORBAKOV, 'IVAN VASILIEVICH, 1897-)

kand.vied.wLuk
GORCW40V. v,
31arly symptom of tho transition from acute to
chronic tonall-
litis. Zdrav.Turk. 2 no.1:27-31 Ja-lF 158. (MIRL
12:6)
1e Is kafedry otolaringologicheskikh bolesney
(byvahiy zav. -
prof. I.V.Koraukov, nauchnyy rukovoditell - prof.
V.A.Yusin)
Turkmenekogo gosudarstvannogo meditainakogo
in8tituta im.
I-V-Stalina.
(TONSILS-DISFAMS)

GOR v ; KUPIIIYAITOV, S.11.
Hothods for increasing the effectiveness of
treatment in
intrucranial complipations of suppt=ative otitis.
Zdrav.
Turk. 3 no.2:16-l!) Mr-Ap '59. (Him 12:8)
1. Iz kliniki larini,ologicheakikh bolezney
Turkmenskogo gosu-
21
&Lretvennogo meditainskogo instituta im. I-V-Stallna.
(BAR--DIWASES)

GORGRAWV V1, skandsmedonauk
.1 'At
State of antintreptolysin-0 in the blood of patiento
with chronic
tonsiLlitis andrhematic fever* Zhuroushop mosoi
gorebole22 nos6j
N-D'62, (HM 16t7)
1. Iz ~craizskogo nambno-iosledovatellakogo irstituta,
klinicheakoy
mediteiby imeni akademika V.DeSirazhesko (dir.-
zasluzhennyy dayatell
nauki prof. A L.Hikhnev).
ROMILS-DISEASES) (REMTIG FEM)
(HR40LYSIS AND HEMOLYSINS)

BATYUK,I.F.pkand.med.nauk; GORPHAKOV,
V..A.,kand.med.nauk; SAMORUKOVA,S.V.
Data on the study of the antigenic properties of
tonsils.
Zhur.usho, nos* i gorl. bol.23 no.3:69-73 My."Te'63.
(MIRA 16t7)
1. 1z lqboratorii iimmmologii (zav.- kand.med.nsuk
I.F.Batyuk)
i otolaringologicheakogo otdaleniya
(zav.-kand.med.nauk V.A.
Gorchakov) Ukrainskogo nauchno-isaledovatellskogo
instituta.
klinicheskoy meditsiny imeni akademika N.D.Strazhasko
(dir.-zasl.
deyatelt nauki prof.AeL*Mikhnev)*
(TaISIIS-DISFASES)
(ANTIGH14S AND ANTIBODIES)

GOIRCHAKOV, VeAt. kand.medo nauk; KUPRIYMIOVO S.N.;
GASPAROVA,D.N,
Foreign bodies of the larynx, trachea., and bronchi according
to materials of -the clinic of the Turkmenistan Medical
Inst:L-
tute for the last tehn years. Zhur. ush., nos. i gorl. bol.
23
no-5:67 S-0163 (MIRA 17:3)
1. Iz kafedry otorinolaringologicheskikh zabolevanly ( zav. -
dotuent B,Kh, Ibragimov) Turkmenskogo meditsinskogo
instituta.

MIT

GCaCUKOV, V.G., votorizarnry vrach (Nookovskays.
oblast', Ukhtommkiy rayon)
Stored blood as a means of controlling
bronchopususenta in young
pigs MA as a growth stimilant. Yeterinarlia 31
no.11:49-52 N 154.
(K6RA 7:11)
(D.LOOD AS, 7M OR OWICIINS)(WIU-DIOMAM)(PKWJMDNIA)

GO GHAKOV
V.N.
Asymptotic nroperties of the spectral function of hypoelliptic
operators.-Dokl. AN SSSR 160 no-4:746-749 F 165.
(14IRA 18:2)
1. Kiyevskiy inz-hene:rno-stroitelinyy institut. Submitted July
23., 1964.

GQJICH-AK-QVS._Y,X,_,_
Asymptotic behavior of the spectral function of a class
of
hypoelliptic operators. Dokl. AN SSSR 152 no-3:519-522
S 163.
(MIRA 16z12)
1. Kiyevskiy inzhenerno-stroitelinyy institut.
h-edstavlono
akademikora S.L.,Sobolevyz.

C40RCMOV, V.V.
characteristics of action currents of the conducting system of
the pumpkin stem, Trudy MOIP, Otd. biol. 92155-158 164.
(MIRA IS: 3.)
1. Moskovskaya sellskokhoz7aystvannaya akademiya imeni X.A.
Timiryazova.

112-57-7-14579D
Translation from; Ref erativnyy shurnal, Elektrotekhnika, 1957,
Nr 7. p 119 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Gorchakov., Y-e- V.
TITLE:: Investigation of Operational Reliability of the
Regenerative Breaking System
on Series. VL-22m Electric Locomotives (Issledovaniye nadezhnosti
raboty
sixte-ly..reltuperativnogo tormosheniya n& elektrovozakh serii
VL-22m)
ABST.RACT: Bibliographic entry on the author's dissertation for
the degree of
Candidate of Technical Sciences, presented to Moak. in-t inzh.
sh. -d. tranap.
(Uoscow Institute of Railroad Transportation Engineers), Moscow,
1956.
ASSOCIATION: Moak. in-t inzh. zh. -d. transp. (Moscow Institute
of Railroad
Transportation Engineers)
Card 1/1

$11YAKOD, P., kandidat te)dMicheaki",nauk; ISAM, I.,
kandidat tekhni-
.cheakikh rank-, GOICH"OV, TO." Inshener.
'Nio %:~.
Resistance to movoment of the V122m electric
locomotive equipped
with roller axle boxes. Tekh.zhol.dor. 15 no.1:20-22
Ja-F 156.
(KLU 9: 5)
(Ilectric locomotive@)

~2(3) SOV/112-59-3-5092
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhnika, 1959, Nr
3, p 112 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Gorchakov, Ye. V., and Dashkevich, A. B.
TITLE: Regenerative Braking Is an Important Source for Stepping-Up
the Efficiency
of Electric Traction (Rek.uperativnoye tormozheniye - vazhnyy
rezerv
povysheniya effektivnosti elektricheskoy tyagi)
PERIODICAL: Elektr. i teplovozn. tyaga, 1957, Nr 12, pp 19-20
ABSTRACT: On the basis of operating expe.rience at the electrified
railroad section
l(ropachevo-Chelyabinsk, South Ural Railrcads, the engineering and
economic
effectiveness of the regenerative braking is discussed. Energy
returned by
regenerative braking of a VL-22' electric locomotive amounts to
3.1-3.54
whr/ton-km for loaded trains and 1. 68 whr/ton-km for empty
trains. Heavy
grades on this line amount to 30% in the even direction and Z1.
77a in the odd
direction of the total line length. With the existing freight
traffic, full utiliza-
tion of regenerative braking on all locomotives could return to
the network
80,000,000 kw-hr of energy or more; in addition, operating
expenses could.be
Card. 1/2

32(-3)'
SOV/112-59-3-5092
Regenerative Braking Is an Important Source for Stepping-Up
the Efficiency of
cut by 8, 700, 000 rubles per year. Metal of brake shoes saved
per each 100
kw-hr of the returned energy: for 2 trains of a ring route, 2,
040 ton each -
4.77 kg; for a 1,600-ton, train - 4.72 kg; for an empty
1,000-ton train - 4. 5 kg.
If all locomotives serving this section are equipped with
regenerative braking,
the saved brake-shoe metal', will amount to 3,750 tons per
year or more. Thus,
shoe-wear reduction on the line section in question would
result in reducing
annual operating expenses by about 4, 000, 000 rubles. It
should be noted that
under more favcrable traffic conditions and with a higher
engineman qualifica-
tion, still higher savings in annual operating expenses from
adoption of
regenerative braking are possible, rnd that the average speed
of trains on
downgrades can be increased by 3-5%., Organizational and
engineering steps
necessary for a wide r egenerative -braking adoption program
are listed.
K.V.A.
Card 2/2

I ~, I " f
,~-- .1-1 -!1: 1- ~ I" P k 0 1 J J-,il, v -
SELTAKHTO, P.No, kmididat teMnicheskikh nauk; kandidat
10"" En nauk,
takhnichaskikh amuk; (WRNOV, O.Y., kandida. khn"N'
Pwer recuporation on electric railroads. Zhol.dorotransp.39
no-2tl7-
22 IP '370' (319otric railroads) (MLU 10:3)

ZADNEMVSKIT, A.Ta., Imnd.takhn.nauk; GORCHA'KDV, Te.V.,
kand.takhn.nauk --
Investigating the utilization of recuperative braking on
electric
locomotives. Vogt. TSNII M ATF1 no.3:58 My 158. (MIR&
11:6)
LRachallnik Hauchno-iseledovatel'alcogo saktora
Moskovskogo in-
stituts, inshenerov zhelaxneorozhugo transport& im. I.V.
Stalina
(for Zadusprovskir).
(Bleotric locomotives-Brakee-Testing)

GORCFEA V, Ye.V. j Itand. tekbn. nauke
-,, -,
Improving protection of electric locomotive power
circuits using
regenerative retai~dstion. Trudy MIT no.103.-123-132 'A.
(MIRA 11912)
(Blectric railway motors)

GORC kand.tekhn.nauk
Reasons for appearance of ciruclar fire on engine
collectors
when wheels are skidding. IlskA tsPl,tIs& 3
noo8:37-39
Ag '59. (Diesel locomotives) (MIRA 12:12)

8 (6), 12 (3)

AUTHORS:
Isayer,l T. P., Doctor of Technical
SOV/105-59-6-12/28

Sciences, Gorchakov, Ye, V., Candidate of
Technical

Scienoos; VA)j3a0V ----
TITLE:
On Instabilities in
the Temperature Rise in Electric Locomo-

tive Traction Motors
(0 nestabillnosti temperatury nagreva

tyagovykh dvigateley
elektrovozov)
PERIODICA~.
Elektrichestvo, 1959, Nr 6, PP 54-59
(USSR)
ABSTRACT:
In order to evaluate the tractive properties
of electric

locomotives it is not sufficient to know the
causes for the

unequal heating of traction motors, a
knowledge of the

influence of each of these causes is also
necessary. If this

problem is to be solved it is expedient to
use the method

presented herein, It is based upon the
principle of

robability and upon the theory of mathematical
statistics

Refs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). The nature of the method is exposed.
~

This is a presentation of the results of the investigations

of the traction motors DPE-400A and NB-406A. The results

obtained either by theoretioal deductions according to the

method In question or by experiments show that the unequal
Card 1/3
heating of the traction motors of electric
locomotives is

On Instabilities in the Temperature Rise in SOV/105-59-6-12/28
Electric Locomotive Traction Motors
caused mainly by three circumstancesi a divergence of the
speed characteristics, of the thermal behavior owing to
technological tolerances in production, and the differences
in the itheel. diameters of the locomotives. A comparison of
these three main causes showed that the greatest influence is
exerted by the first cause. This investigation led to the
following recommendations: 1) measures must be taken in the
production of motors for stabilizing the iron losses. 2) it
is considered neoessary to test the speed characteristic at
least In two pointsp not only in one, at rated load and at
a load greater than the rated load, which must be determined
according to the operational conditions for the electric
locomotive. This measure is caused by the necessity of
having a minimum of divergence even in the range of great
loads. 3) It is considered expedient to standardize the rated
values and the deviation of the thermal data (the stabilized
rated excess temperature T . of the motor winding and the
rated time constant T of the winding). 4) During the mounting
Card 2/3 of the motors the armatures and the frame must be
chosen in

On Instabilities in the Temperature Rise in
SOV/105-59-6-12/28
Electric Locomotive Traction motors
such a way as to minimize the difference in the speed
characteristics to a limit of '&I - 2 ~. The calculations
showed that by careful selection of armature and frame of
motors DPE-400A the prime cost of the electric locomotive
rises by 16000 to 24000 roublest whereas the cost saving
during operation amounts to hundred thousands of roubles.
5) Tho diameters of wheel sets in operational practice are
to be chosen so as to ensure that the relative deviation of
the diameter of a wheel set is equal and of opposite sign
to
the relative deviation of the speed of the traction motor
of
the same wheel. There are 5 figures, 5 tables, and
6 references, 4 of which are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: February 21, 1959
Card 3/3

GOROMOV, Ye,V., kand.tekhn.nauk, ZAMRCH=O, D.D.,
)mnd.tekhn.nauk
0
Improving the operational and traction testing of now
locomotives.
Zhol.dor.tranap. 42 no.6:73 J9 160. (MIU 13-7)
(Locomotives-Testing)

GORCIHAKOV Ye.V,,, k/adtekhn.nauk; YAKSIMOV, N.V.,
kand.tekhn.nauk,
HE 3, R.G.
Reducing electric power consuniption for train
traction.
Zhel.dor.transp. 46 no.12s3l-34 D 164. (MIRk l9ri)
1. Glavnyy Inzhener lokomotivnoy sluzhby Moskovskoy
zhel,eznc~v
dorogi (for Cherepashenets).

L 04703-67 JKT
SOURCE CODE:
.047,
AUTHOR: Vernov, S. N. (Corresponding'member AN SSSR); Vakulov,
P. V.; Ggrehakov, X0-
Logachev.' Yu. I.; Lyubimov, G. P.; Nikolayev, A. G ;
Perealegina. N. Va
CRG:
TITLE: Measurement of intenoity of penetrating radiation on the
Moonls-surfg.20~,
[Paper presented at the Seventh COSPAR Meeting,held in Vienna
in May 196&1
SOURCE: AN SSSR. DoklaJy-,-v.-1-0, no. 5, 1966, 1044-1047
TOPIC TAGS: moon# ratliation intensity,, lunar probe, radiation
measurement/
Luna-9 lunar probe
ABSTRACT: The ~~qar probe "Luna-911 launched by the Soviet
Union on 30 January 1966
ad- 'ib e' iV-
i
n e a soft landing on loon on 3 February. at 24 hr, 45 min, 30
see
(Moscow time); it was qquipped with an instrument containing a
6 x 10-mm
1.
discharge counter to measure the intensity of radiation. The
minimum
s4ielding of the counter mounted inside the probe near its
jacket was ^-l gm/cm2.!
The instrument was switched on immediately after "Luna-9" was
put
Into orbit and was kept in operation until the probVopped
functioning. The
data on the intensity detected with the ounter\ averaged over
14 time
_gaE counte
intervals are shown in Fig. 1. The first five time intervals
are those for the
flight from the Earth to, the

ACC' NRt U
cotAnt/sec
Time of
landing
Measurements durlogmeasurements
the flight to the Moon on the Moon
Fig. 1. The mean-count rate'of "Luna-:91'
C
Moon. The next (sixth). interval'
is that for the flight near the
Moon (beginning with at a dis-
tance of ",50, 000 Ion from the
Moon), the landing, and the
first 5 minutes on the Moon' a
surface. The subsequent eight
intervals are related to operations
on the Moon' s surface. Table I
shows the accurate values of the
time intervals and the mean-
count rates recorded in these
intervals.* The basic errors in
determining the count rate are
statistical.
_4ischarge counter
The data in Table 1 show that the mean-count rate recorded on
the
Moon' s surface was about 6316 of the count rate of the same
counter in
free space. In other words, if only primary cosmic rays had
been detected,
the counter on the Moon's surface would have counted not quite
half as
much as during the flight in free space. The detected excessive
radiation
card 2/8

1, 0470-1w:_07
kCC__NRs AiY)00010___-_
The mean-count rate during the flight is 3.27210.004
The mean-count rate an the Moon is 2.064'0.004
----- -____- .., ... 1. - I . .- - .. - -1 - - .1

Interval boundaries
rval,
Averaging inte
Mean-count

rate

Note
31 Jan 1966
18 h 38 min 40 sec
10 h 12 min 30 see
3.2290.010
Duringidle

flight
1 Feb 19.66
04 h 51 min 10 see
10 h 54 min 20 sec
3.2770.010
It
1
15 h 45 min 30 see

23 h 01 min 45 sec
07 h 16 min 15
see
3.267.+O.Oll
It
2 Feb 1966
16 h 29 min 06 see
17 h 27 min 15 see
3.278tO.OO7
to
3 Feb 1966
15 h 34 min 15 sec
23 h 05 min 15 sec
3.*286.tO.006
of

21 h 50 min 00 sec
06 h 15 min 45-sec
.3.24510.012
Near the

Moon and

on te ~bon
4 Feb 1966
00 h 06 min 54 sec
02 h S6
min 54 sec
2.065.10.016
On the 14=

06 h 35 min 04 see
.
06 h 28 min 10 see
2.0690.010
it

17 h 02 min 00*sec
10 h 26 min 56
sec
2.0700.008
to

19 h 52 min 30 sec
02 h 50 min 30 sec.
2.07710.014
It
5 Feb 1966
04 h 00 min 40 sec
08 h 08 min 10 sec
2.05810.009

19 h
01 min 40 see
15 h 01 min 00 sec
2.055tO.OO6

20 h 37 min 30 sec
01 h
35 min 50 sec
2.059'0.020

22 h 42 min 26 sec
02 h 04 min 50 sec
2.059t0.017

d
i

1, 0417C,5-67
4CC-'N R.- '_~_P66~661_6
is 0.43 count/sec or n,267o of half the cosmic-ray
intensity. This-excessive
radiation may be due to the radioactivity of the Moon' s
surface and to the
secondary cosmic radiation produced by the primary cosmic
radiation in
the matter on the Moon' s surface region closest to the
station (cosmic-ray
albedo).
Until now, no experimental data have been availaible on
the radioactivity
of the Moon's surface. The "Luna- V measurements make it
possible ~o
evaluate the radioactivity of the Moont s surface in the
landing area near the
Ocean of Storms. Assuming that the total detected
additional radiation is due
to the radioactive gamma radiation from the Moon' s
surface, the radio-
activity of the Moon' s surface maybe b 20 times greater
than that of the
Earth's surface (the count rate of "Luna-0 from the
natural radioactivity
on Earth was 0.02 count/see). However, the radioactivity
on the Moon's
surface has been evidently overestimated, because the
effect of multiplica-
of the primary cosmic radiation producing the cosmic-ray
albedo
particle fluxes may explain the major part or even all of
the additional
radiation detected. Using the data from an earlier Soviet
paper, it can be
shown that the albedo particle flux is 2016 of the total
cosmic-ray flux or 4016
,of half the cosmic-ray flux. Additional considerations
show that at least
.in the region of the "Luna- 91' landing, cosmic rays will
be. the rn'aln source

.of radiation hazard and that the radioactIvity on the surface
of the Moon is
iclose to the radioactivity on the surface of the Earth.
It was shown during the flight of the second Soviet space probe
in
September 1959 that at the distances greater than 1000 km from
the Moon' s
surfacel the intensity of the radiation trapped by a possible
lunar magnetic
field does not exceed 1076 of the cosmic-ray intensity. The
"Luna-9" data
make it possible to evaluate the fluxes of the trapped
radiation at distances
less than 1000 km, from the Moon' s surface.
The mean-count rate just before and during the first minutes
after the
-landing was 3.25 J; 0.012 count/sec (see Table 1). If this
count rate is
corrected for the geometric shielding of the counter by the
Moon during the
approach of the station to the Moon and during the period of
radiation de-
tection on the Moon's surfaqe (this correction is about 1%),
the resulting
count rate is 3.28 count/sec. This practically coincides with
previous
measurements. Tine time required for the "Luna- 9" to cover the
last 1000 km
to the Moon' s surface was ft- 2%o of the time measured in the
given interval.
At the measuring accuracy mentioned above, an increase of 5076
in the count
rate during this time interval would be noticeable.
Card

L 04703-67
Thus the upper limit for the possible radiation flux
penetrating the
I'Luna-9" jacket and trapped by the hypothetical magnetic
field of the'Moon at
the altitudes below 1000 km from the Moon' s surface is not
more than half
-the primary cosmic -radiation flux. The variation which
would decrease the
intensity of cosmic rays might somewhat change the evaluation
of the upper
limit of the hypothetical trapped radiation near the Moon.
but the main con-
cluslions that the Moon has ro radiation belts and
consequently no marked
.magnetic field remain unchanged.
Fig. 2 shows the mean-count rates in free space and on the
Moon' s
surface. The intensity in the, tran.sition interval has been
corrected for the
geometric shielding by the Moon.
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the ; cosmic-ray intensity
undergoes
Plow gradual changes (solid curve) similar to those recorded
during the flight
.of 1,1;y~is makes it possible to assume that-du-r'inj_'iVe
per iod-of
-the station's approach to the Moon, no appreciable variation
in cosmic-ray'
,intensity occurred. Neither the available neutron-mmitor
data nor the
stratospheric data of A. N. Charakhchyan. and T. N. ~~r~akhch
~an (unpub-
lished) revealed any considerable decrease in the cosmic-ray
inten-sTty.
Card

1, 047C3-67 - - r-
1-count/sec 11 count/sec.
Time of landing
Tim~
Meai to durk, thel H a a a u r e m a n t son:
3.2,~fli;tretw.nt~e Moo, the Moon'
Fig. 2. The count raies of the-discharge counter during the
"Luna-~9" flight"
in free space and on the Moon's surface. -The mean-count rate on
the Moon'a
surface has been reduced to the mean-count rate during the
flight, and.the
.scale has been changed in proportion to the mean-count rates
during the
.flight and on the Moon's surface.
ic-ray particles detected by "Luna-9" was
The absolute'nux of the cosmi
equal to 5.35 t 0. 5 cm- 2 sec-1. The great error in the
determination of the
absolute.,fluxes is due to the 1016 uncertainty in the
operational dimensions
of the counter. Analogous measurements from "Luna- 7 ""and
"Luna-8"
stations performe'd on 4-6 October and 3-6 December 1965 have
ishown the
.particle fluxes to be 5.4 and 5.49 CM2 see, respectively. The
cosmic-ray
intensity in. February 1966 decreased compared to December
1965.* This
Card 7/8

ACC NR, AP60OW10
is likely to be associated with the beginning of a new cycle of
solar activity.
Thus the cosmic-ray intensity m6dmum occurs during the period*
December 1965-January 1966, and 'the lag in the cosmic-ray
intensity
,maximum behind the solar maximum detected for the protons of
energien.
.higher than 30 Mev is about 1.5 yoars. This conclusion is also
confirmed
-by ihe data of the,"Zond-3,"' "Venus-2," and "Venus-311 space
pr'obes.
[FSB: v. 2, no. 101
SUB CODE: 22 SUBM DATE: UMay66 / ORIG REF: bo3 OTII REFt 001
fv

H19A,4 V 6~ ve&

29(2,5), 3(6)
SOV/26-59-8-20/51
AUTHORt
Chudakov, A.Ye.,
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical

Sciences and Gorchakov, Ye.V,
TITLE:
Terrestrial Corpuscular Radiation
PERIODICALt
Prirodat 1959,p Nr
8, pp 86-89 (USSR)
ABSTRACT:
The launching of artificial earth
satellites and cosmic

rockets into space has op~:Pned entirely new
possibilities

of space investigation. An unexpected result is the
dis-

covery of the two zones of high intensively charged partic-

les
at a distance of several ten thousand kilometers from

the earth' s
surface (see diagram). The authors report that

the newly discovered
zones of high intensity undoubtedly

represent sources of the charged
particlos that have been

captured by the earth's magnetic fields. The
fact of locali-

zation of these sources inside a space limited from
all

sides gives evidence of that. According to S.N. Vernov,
Card 1/2
this phenomenon is called terrestrial corpuscular radiation~/

SOV/26-59-8-20/51
Terrestrial Corpuscular Radiation
The first information upon the existence. of two zones
ivere obtained fror, the third Soviet sputnik. Simultane-
ously, the instruments of the sputnik recorded a systema-
tic increase of ionization during its flight near the
equatorial zones. Graph 1 (Figure 2) demonstrates the
records of readirgs taken from a scintillating counter on
board the diesel electric shin "Ob I" in the South American
region on 12 June 1958. The article also mentions the name
of A.I. Lebedinskiy. There are 2 graphs and 1 diagram.
ASSOCIATIONt Fizicheakiy institut im.P.N. Lebedeva Akademii
nauk SSSRI
Moskva (Physioal Institute imoni P.N. Labodev AS USSR/Moscowh
Moskovski7 gnsudarstvennyy universitet im. N%V. Lomonosova
(Moscow State University imeni M.V. Lomonosov) (Gorchakov
for both institutions).
.Card 2/2

21(0)
AUTHORS: Vernov, S. N., Gorchakov, Ye. V., SOV/56-36-4-39/70
Ivanenko, I. P., Khristiansen, G. B.
TITLE: On the Development of the Nuclear- Active Components
in Extensive Atmospheric Showers (0 razvitii yaderno-
-',-tivnoy kom#onentyshirokikh atmosfernykh livney)
Zhv.~.enal ekeper#entallnoy i teoretioheikoy fiziki, 1959,.
A -12 3-1239 (USSR)
369 ~Nr- 40~ Pj'3
ABSTRAC T: Already 01uzhav in, Guzhavina and Zatsepin-(Ref 1)
calculated
-the height dependence of high-energy nuclear-active
particles and the number of high-energy /J,-mesons at sea
level, as well as the height-dependence of the nuclear-
active and of the soft component of extensive air showers.
The elementary act was calculated according to Landau
(Ref 2) and Vernov (Ref 3). For all energies the collision
cross sections were calculated, and for the free path in
air the value ?,,, - 65 -' 70 g/cM2 was obtained. The results
Card 1/3 of calculations depend in a high degree on f'\-0; however,

On the Development of the Nuclear- Active Components
SOY/56-36-4-39/70
in Extensive Atmospheric 5.overs
is at energies of -,-* 10 10 ev not known from experiments..
Therefore,the authors of this paper calculated different
characteristics for the nuclear-active (n.a.) component of
extensive air showers (e.a.sh.), in which ~, 0 is determined
by the type of the elementary act and the experimental range
of the absorption of n.a. particles (E!J,.;10 12 ev). By making
simple assumptions concerning the nature of the elementary
act the spectrum of the n.a. particles in e. a. sh. was
computed, and likewise the ranges for the absorption of n-a,
particles and the energy fluxes in the showers. Also the
probability for the observation of one or two high-energy
n.a. particles in a given altitude is estimated. The main
aim of this paper was to find characteristics of the
e. a. sh. for various parameters of the elementary act
and Xo , which are sensitive to the nature of interation.
It was foandthat besides the e.a~sh~ characteristics,
which depend only weakly on the nature of the elementary
particle, there exist also such as are highly dependent,
An exact experimental investigation of the latter may lead
Card 2/3 to important results concerning the elementary act,

On the Development of the Nuclear- Active Components in
SOV/56-36-4-39/70
Extensive Atmospheric Showers
There are 2 figures and 11 references, 9 of which are
Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut yadernoy fiziki Moskovskogo
gosudarstvennogo
universiteta (Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow
State University)
SUBMITTED: October 16, 1958
Card 3/3

VERNOV, S. N.,_GORCHAKOV, Ye. V., LOGACIIEV, Yu. I., NESTEROV,
V. E., PISARENKO, N. F..,
MUM, I. A. and SHAVRINY P. I.
"Investigations of Radiation During Flights of Satellites,
Space
Vehicles and Rockets"
Report presented at the International Conference on Cosmic Rays
and Earth Storm, 4-15 Sep 61, Kyoto, Japan.

0
(/P * fj
AUTHORi Gorchakov, Tos V.
2683b
S/560/61/000/008/007/010
B032/2514
TITLEt On the spatial disposition of the outer radiation
belt and th*.auroral zone
PIRIODICALi A)cademiya nauk 533R, lakunstvennyye sputniki zemli,
1961, No.8, pp-81-83
TEXTi Satellite datei (S. N. Vornov, As To. Chudakov,
P. V. Vakulov, To. V. Gorchakov and Yus 1. Logachov, Ref.lt
lakunistvennyye sputniki Zemli, No.2, izd-vo AN SSSR, 1958,
p.61)
indicate the presence of an outer radiation belt ot about
300-6D0 km above the northern hemisphere and about 1500 km above
the southern hemisphere. Fig.1 shows the boundary of the
outer radiation belt on the low altitude side in the northern
hemisphere. The dashed curve represents one of the isochasms,
the continuous curve represents the goomagnatic parallel and the
crone indicates the position of the geomagnetic pole. 'The
boundary Is indicated by*the points with ex-rors. These were
obtained by averaging the results obtained for about 20 transits
of the satellite between May 15 and June 17, 1958. The points
Card 1/4

%~. 26818
Onihe spatial disposition of ... S/56o/61/000/008/007/010
.t 3032/2514
without errors were obtained from averages over a small number
of
transits (1 to 3 cases). It in clear from Fig.1 that the
contours
of the outer radiation belt agree better with the isochasms
than
with the geomagnetic parallels. Fig.2 shows, in geomagnetic
coordinates, the points of intersection of the dipole field
lines
of force with the Earth's surface at which the satellite
recorded
the maximum intensity. indicates the position of the
geographical pole, Fig.2 refers to the southern hemisphere. The
dashed curve shown the points of intersection of real magnetic
lines of force with the Earth's surface, which in the case of a
dipole fie.Ad would have a geomagnetic latitude of 55 dog. The
present author suggests that this curve represents the
position of
the outer belt better than the geomagnetic parallels.
Acknowledg-
ments are expressed to G. A. Bazilevskiy and M. V. TernovBkiy
for assistance in the evaluation of experimental data. There
are
2 figures and 6 referencest 4 Soviet and 2 non-Soviet. The
English-
langu,&,g,e reference is as followat N.Westein, L.Laport,
G.Lange,
W. Scott. Carnegie I4st. of Wdshington, publ. 586, 1947.
SUBMITTED: August-2, 1960
Card 2/4

26819
s/56o/Wooo/ooMoMlo
2032/Z514
AUTHORSt Gorchakov, Ye. V. and Vazilevskaya, G4. A@
TITLEt Measurement of the inten ity:~~)f charged particles
after the chromospheric Mrs of July 7, 1958
PERIODICALt Akademiya, nauk,SSSR, Iskusptve,nnyye sputniki
zem'Li,
1961, No.8, pp.84-86 6
TZXTt The flare of July 7t 1�56'~aV of importance 3+ and
occurred between 00 h 38 m and 04 h 14 m U.T. (Ref.li
bolnechnyye
dannyye 1958, NO.7, izd-vo AN SSSR, 1958). The present authors
have used the data obtained with the third Soviet artificial
Earth satellite to determine the changes in the intensity of
the
corpuscular radiation in the region of the outer radiation belt
The detector employed was described by S. N. Vernov, P. V.
Vakuiov,
Ye. V. Gorchakov, Yu. I. Logachev and A. Ye. Chuda,-ov (Ref.21
Iskunstvennyye sputniki Zemli, No.2, izd-vo AN SSSR, 1958,
p.61)
and was in the form of a cylindrical sodium iodide crystal
(diameter 39.5 mm, length 40 r).. The crystal was surrounded by
an aluminium screen of 1 9/cm . It was found that a strong
increase In the intensity began roughly 16 hours after the
Card 1/4

26819
Weasurement of the intensity of ...
S15601611000100810081010
9032/2514
termination of the flare but only a few hours prior to the
onset
ofthe magnetic storm. Fig.1 shown the absolute increase in
the
ionization in the cry;t;l (A J, eV/sec) deduced from the
measure-
ments for July 7-9, 1 5 - The arrows indicate the lower
limits
of-the absolute increase in the ionization. Analysis of the
operation of the counter has shown that the increase in the
ionization at these points cannot exceed 1013 ey. In Fig.1
the
vertical axis gives the logarithm of the difference
between the
observed and the average value of the ionization and the
time is
plotted along the horizontal axis. The shaded region in the
left-hand corner indicates the duration of the
chromospheric
flare and the arrows on the axis show the beginning and
end of the
magnetic storm. A. N. Charakhchlyan, V. F. Tulinov,
T.OK. Charakhehlyan (Ref-31 ZhETF. 39, 249, 196o) have
shown that
the increase in the intensity of cosmic radiation which
they
detected in the stratosphere on July 8, 1958 at 08 h was
due to
protons in a corpuscular solar stream. The present authors
have
used the data reported In Ref.3 to calculaie'the
corresponding
increase in the ionization which one would have expected
to obtain
Card 2/4

26819
Measurement of the intensity of ... S/560/61/000/008/008/olo
E032/E5i4
with the sodium iodide crystal. It turns out that the resul 'ting
number is lower by a factor of 1000 than the ionization actually
recorded with the counter mounted on the satellite. The present
authors show that the difference betwe on the present results
and those of A. N. Charakhchlyan et a,. (Refi,3) way possibly be
due to multiply charged particles, although they also show that
the data now reported is not inconsistent with 100 MoV protons
being responsible for the additional ionization. Acknowledgments
are expressed to S. N. Vernov, A. Ye. Chudakov and
A, N. Charakhchlyan for interest and discussions. There are
1 figure and 3 Soviet references*
SUBMITTED: August 2, 1960
Card 3/4

'3,
AUTHOR: Gorchakov, Ye. V~
327
S'N60/61/000/009/005/009
D045/I)114
TITLE: The location of the inner radiation belt and the Earthts
magnetic
field
SOURCEz Akademiya nauk SSSR* Iskusstvennyya sputniki Zemli. N0.9,
Moscow, 1961, 62-65
TEXT; The location of the inner radiation belt and the Earth's
magnetic
field are studied, reference being made to calculations made on
board the
third artificial Earth satellite# This satellite was equipped
with a scln*-
tillation counter, the flip-flo:p system of which was connected
to a memory
device. While the satellite was flying outside the radiation
belts, the
counter registered an intensity of about 500 pulses/sec-1. At
such an in-
tensity, the memory device could be fully used for investigating
radiation
outside the belts and for determining the boundaries of these
belts. Fig. 1
indicates how the readings of this device were deciphered, The
counting
rate, calciHted under the assumption that the actual rate is
less than 436
pulses/sec, is marked by dots. For comparing the information
obtained from
Card 41/

32715
S/560/61/000/009/005/009
The location of the D045/Dll4
the memory device and the "Mayak" radio transmitterp the counting
rates,
calculated from an analysis of the signals sent by the "Alayak"
in 2.5 min
intervals ' are plotted in fig. 1 as triangles. Changes in the
coanting rate
between (a ) 15h 50 m and 16h 0,1*;m and (b) 15 11 35 m and 16 h
15 m are connect-
ed with the crossing of the satellite through (a) the boundary of
the outer
radiation belt from the low latitudes in the northern hemisphere
and (b)
through the boundaries of the inner belt. By analyzing various
recordincs
slimilar to that shown 4-n fig. 1, the points where the satellite
crosses the
border of the inner belt can be traced over a large range of
longitudes,
Fig. 2 shows the geographical positions of the satellite when.the
counter
registered an intensity 350 Pulses/sec-1 greater than that in the
space be-
tween the radiation belts. The dependence of the position of the
inner belt
on longitude can be explained by the fact that this belt consists
of parti-
cles trappod in the Earth's mae,=tic field, which itself is the
field of an
offeenter dipole. For determining the values of the shift of the
dipole,
the points where the satellite crossed the boundary of the
internal belt
were plotted in geomagnetic coordinates (fig, 3). It can be seen
from
that~ in case (aj), the lower boundary of the belt crosses the
j;eonapetJr
Card 211_e~'

3.2715
S/560/61/000/009/005/009
The location of the D045/Dll4
equator at a geomagnetic longitude of 500 (geoGraphic longitude 20OWj
flying height (hl) = 670 km), and, in case ((r), it crosses at a
geomagnetio
longitude of nearly 1500 (geographical longitude (,)N2) - 800E, flying
height
(h2) = 1240 km)# Considering that a circle, the center of which
coincides
with the center of the off-center dipole, is the boundary of the inner
belt
in the plane of the geomagnetic equatortc-the size of the shift of the
dipole from the Earth's center (E) can be calculated as follows:
E 1 (R + h2) 2_ (R + h1),2
= T '(R + h2) (cos-~2cos)b + sinA2sin~b)_(R + hl)(cosAlcosAb +
sin,~sir_& 0
where R the radius of the Earth. At = 6400 km, h. = 670 km, _h2 = 1240
R
km,Ao 1500,,(,,, = -200,'4)2 = 800A= 450 km. This result agrees with
that
obtained by analyzing maGnetio data (Ref. 3: Po So Jory, Phys, Rev,,
102,
1167, 1956; Ref- 4: Geomaanetismus und Acronomie. Berlin, 3, 170, 1959)-
A. Ye. Ckudakov and T. A. Ivanova are thanked for their cooperation.
There
Card 30Y

The location of the .9.
32715
S/560/61/000/009/005/009
D045/Dll4
are 3 figures and 4 referencen: 2 Soviet-bloc and 2
non-Soviet-bloc refer-
ences. The English-language reference is: F. S. Jory. Phys.
Rev., 102,
1167, 1956.
SUBMITTED: January 24, 1961
Card 4//-/,/

SAW.
39995
3/035/6Z/000/()08/019/090
A001/A101
AUTHOR:
TITLE; The outer radiation belt and auroras
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Astronomiya i Geodeziya,,no. 8,
1962, 33P
abstract 8A257 (In collection: "Iskusstv. sputniki Zemlill, no. 9,
Moscow, AN SSSR, 1%-1, 66 - 70)
TEXT: Averaged high latitude boundaries of the outer radiation
belt were
obtained on the basis of the data from Sputnik III: ~) - 690�20
geomagnetic
latitude in the northern hemisphere and iD = 650�20 in the southern
on 'e. The ef-
fect of the atmosphere on the particle escape from the belt.is
noted. According
to the author's estimate, the drift period around the Earth
exceeds the time
between Qonsecutive collisions of ions and neutral atoms only at
altitudes over
1,200 km. The outer boundary ofthe belt coincides with the middle
of the.maximum
aurora frequency zone, whereas the maximum of the belt is located
lower in lati-
tude by 150; this fact makes impossible the explanation of auroras
by outer belt
partioles.with average energy of 100 kev. Auroras.at 700 latitude
may be caused
Card 1/2

3/035/6Z/000/008/01�/090
The outer radiation belt and auroras A001/A101
by low-energy electrons trapped by the geomagnetic field at
distances of 55,000
75,000 km from the Earth's center. Auroras at 800 geomagnetic
latitude may be
caused by penetration of corpuscles into the Earth's
atmosphere. There are 6
references.
V. Temnyy
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Card Z/2

34311W 0
-0 /61/001/006/002/021
C/1 I /S S/203
~L *9 6 ~/v it?, I t4~ D055/D113
AUTHORS: Vernov, S.N.1 Chudakov, A.Ye.; Vakulov, P.V.; Gorchak-ov,
Ye.V.;
Logachev, Yu.I.
TITLE- Radiation measurements in the outer radiation belt on
February 12, 1961, during the rocket flight towards Venus
PERIODICAL: Geomagnetizm i aeronomiya, vol 1, no 6, 1961, 872-874
TEXT: The article deals with data on the Earth's outer radiation
belt
collected when the Earth-Venus rocket launched.. on February 12,
1961, was
30,000 - 45,000 km from the Earth's center. The special equipment
installed
in the hermetic container consisted of a scintillation counter and
an 071? -5
(STS-5) gas-discharge counter. The distribution of matter around
the NaJ(TI)
crystal and the gas-discharge counter is shown in a table. By
reducing the
dimensions of the crystal and increr.eing the resolving power of
the elec-
tronic system of the counter, the racliation intensity in the belt
was cor-
rectly registered. Fig. 1 shows the overload characteristics for
the
counting channels of the scintillation (1) and gas-discharge (2)
counters.
Card 1/q

S12031611001100610021021
Radiation measurements ... DOr5/Dll3
These channels could register up to 106 and 105 pulsations/see.
respectively.
To penetrate the crystal of the scintillation counter and the
working volume
of the gas-discharge counter, electrons must have an energy of
~RP 3 Idev,
protons - an energy of -> 32 Mev and the bremsetrahlung quanta -
an energy
of >
, 30 kev. Curves on fig#2 represent the counting speed of the
scintil-
lation counter (1), that of the gas-discharge counter after
corrections were
made according to the curves in fig. 1 (3) and the energy
release in the
crystal in relation to the distance from the Earthts center (2).
As all three
curves were more or less parallel, the mean energy release in
the crystal
for one reading of the scintillation counter was 130 kev and
remained
constant between 32,000 and 40,000 km and the mean energy of the
brems-
strahlung quanta did not vary with distance. The constancy of
the mean-
energy release showed that no great changes occurred in the
spectrum of elec-
trons of the outer radiation belt. A diagram (fig- 3) shows the
paths of
the interplanetary rocket (curve 1) and those of another three
Soviet rockets
(curve 2). A comparison of radiation and ionization data
concerning the
interplanotary rocket and the space rockets no. 1 and 21showed
that the
outer radiation belt was stable for a period of 2 years when no
magnetic
perturbances were recorded. However, this period was not long
enough to
Card 2/6

S1203V611001100610021021
Radiation measurements D055/ '113
evaluate solar effects on the outer belt, but could be taken as
an indicatim
of the absence of such an effect. The space rocket no 3 was
launched during
a moderate magnetic storm (the change in the vertical and
horizontal compo-
nents of the terrestrial magnetic field was about 250 and 150Y
respectively~
The external side of the belt was not measured, but the total
energy re-
lease in t'he crystal during the entire flight coincided with
that calcu-
lated for the rocket no I and was 1.5 times less than that of
the rocket
no 2, i.e. no changes occurred in the mean state of the outer
zone during
the flight of the rocket no 3 during a moderate magnetic storm.
Since
measurements were started a few hours after the beginning of a
magnetic
storm, the radiation intensity in the belt had not yet
decreased. On the
other hand, it is also possible that not all magnetic storms
cause the
radiation intensity of the Earthts outer radiation belt to
decrease. There
are 4 figures, 1 table and 3 non-Soviet references. The three
EnGlish-
language references are: W.H. Hess, J. Geophys. Res.,1960, 65,
no 10, 3107;
Rothwell, C.E, McIlwain. J. Geophys. Res., 1960, 65, no. 3o 799;
R.L. Arnoldy, R.A. Hoffman, J.R. Winckler, J. Geophys.Res.,
1960, 65, no 5,
1361.
Card 316

S12031611001100610021021
Radiation measurements ... DOr5/Dll3
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, Institut
yadernoy
fiz-.ki (moscow State University, Institute of Nuclear Physics)
SUBMITTED: SeDtember. 9, 1961
Card. 4/6

S12031611001100610061021
3. D055/Dll3
AUTHORS: Gorchakov, Je.V., and Ternovskaya, M.V.
TITLE: Contribution to the problem of the angular and spatial
distribution of particles in a radiation belt
PERIODICAL; Geomagnetizm i aeronomiya, v. 1, no. 6, 1961, 897-901
TEXT: This article shows how formulae are derived to establish a
connection
between the intensity and the angular distribution of particles
at various
latitudes along the force line. It is assumed that when
particles are
moving in a magnetic trap,their speed and magnetic moment remain
constant.
It is shown that, if particles are distributed at a certain
point according
to the law sinm 9 , their angular distribution remains unchanged
on all
latitudes along the force line and any change in intensity is
determined by
the simple function from the tension of the magnetic field. The
results ob-
tained are used for analyzing experimental data. Data obtained
during the
flight of the first Soviet space rocket are used to determine
the index of
angular distribution m at great heights. The trajectory was such
that the
Card 1/3

S1203,1611001100610061021
Contribution to the problem D055/ '113
rocket intersected certain force lines of the dipole magnetic
field at three
points. The line which is 25000 km from the center of the Earth
in the
equat-orial plane was intersected at distances of 8700, 11000
and 182;0 km.
At these distances,the following intensit indices were
registered in the
'1109 .46-1010 and 14,5*1010 ev/sec z
crystal of the luminescent counter: 3-10 6 ~ - 8
The m figures were calculated as follows: for distances of
8700-11000 km-
m =; 2-0,L+-0-5, 11000-18250 km-m = 0.95.tO.2 and for 8700-18250
km-m ~
1.2T�0.15. [Translator's notet for the last item the distance
should pro-
bably r,?ad "over 16250 km"I . The calculated errors are due to
inaccurac3,
in deteimining intensity wSen instrument readings were being
decodel (100P).
There are 1 figure and 7 references; 3 Soviet and 4 non-Soviet
references.
English-language references are: M. Wal 't, L.E. Chase Jr., J.B.
Cledis,
W.L. Imhof, D.J. Knecht. Space Research. Proceedings of the
First Inter-
national Space Science Symposium. Amsterdam, 1960, 910-920; 14.
Nicolet.
Planet. and Space Sci., 1961, 5, no. 1, 1-32; P.S. Johnson. J.
Geophys, Res.,
1960, 65, no. 2, 577-584; A.J. Dessler, E.N. Parker, J. Geophys.
Res.' 191/-9,
64, no. 12, 2239-2252.
Card 2/3

S12031611001100610061021
Contribution to the problem ... D055/DI13
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy'gosudarstvennyy universitet im M.V.
Lomonosova.
Institut yadernoy fiziki (Moscow State University imeni
M.V. Lomonosov. Institute of Nuclear Physics).
SUBMITTED: September 18, 1961.
Card 3/3

89620
S/020/60/136/002/013/034
9,fI30 (AN/ B019/B056
,j /00 0 (0 6)
AUTHORS: Vernov, S. N., Corresponding Member of the AS USSR,
Chudakov, A. Ye., Vakulovt P. V., G
Logachev, Yu. I., and Nikolayev, A. G.
TITLE: Radiation Measurements During the Flight of the Third
Cosmic
Rocket
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 196~' Vol. 136, No.2,
PP. 322-324
TEXT: The third cosmic rocket launched on October 4, 1959
contained a
scintillation counter and three gas discharge counters. All gas
discharge
counters had a wall strength of 50 mg/cM2 steel sheets and
were, in addi-
tion, surrounded by several shields. Counter I had a shiel made
from
3 mm lead + 1 mm, aluminum with a counter window of 0.28 cm
which was
closed by a 0.2 mm thick aluminum sheet. Counter II had the
same shield,
but without counter window, and counter III was in an aluminum
container
made from 2.5 mm thick aluminum. The scintillation counter
recorded the
ionization of the crystal (NaI) and the counting rate.
Preliminary results
of evaluation of the instrument readings are given from the
time from
Card 1/2

89610
Radiation Measurements During the Flight of
S/020/60/136/002/013/034
the Third Cosmic Rocket B019 B056
October 4, 1959, to October 18, 1959. The trajectory of the
rocket was in
practical agreement with that of the first and second cosmic
rocket. From
a comparison of the readings of the various counters, the
authors conclude
that the intensities of the particles recorded by the
instruments depend
on the absorption in the container walls. Measurements in the
interplane-
tary space showed that the cosmic radiation on the boundary of
the
terrestrial magnetic field is very strongi only individual
small fluctua-
tions were recorded. Finally, the agreement existing between
the recorded
intensities and those of a monitor are dealt with. From these
considera-
tions the authors draw the conclusion that the weak variations
in the
time from October 4 to October 18 are in connection with the
variations of
the magnetic fields in the solar system and the interactions
among the
latter are connected with cosmic radiations. There are 1
fieure, 1 table,
and 3 Soviet references.
SUBMITTEDt October 26, 1960
Card 2/2

LOGACHEVI Yu.I. [translator]; MOMM, G.A.
[translator]; GORGIIA&QV,--
~.V translator]; ASTAPYEVO V.A.[translator]; Afti,
B.I.
Ltranslatorl; SIMOANSKIY, V.P... red.; PAPTAYEVA,
V.A., red.;
DUBKOVA2 S.I., red.; PMANTSEVA, S.V., tekhn. red.
(Solar corpuscular streams and their interaction
with geo-
ragnetic field]Solnechnyo korpuskuliarnye potoki i
ikh
vzaimodeistvie a ragnitnym polem Zemli. Moskma,
I7.d-vo.
inostr. lit-rv,, 1962. 438 p. Translated from the
English.
(MIRA 15:11)
1. Nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut yadernoy
fiziki Mo-
skovskogo gonudarstvannogo universiteta (for
Logachev,
Timofeyev, Gorebakov., Astaflyev, Savin).
(Solar radiation) (Magnetism, Terrestrial)

-,IV Y
VEMIOV, SerCey M, LOWNP-N, Yu. I., GO';!Cl"uVX'Y, Ye. A.,
CIMUMV, Alek Ye . and
"The carthts rudiatim belt"
report to be 6utmitt4nd to the 13U% Intl. Amtrannutical
Congivou, TAY,
Varna, Bdgarla, 23-29 Sep 1962,

GORCHAKOV, YB. V.
Dissertation defended for the degree of Candidate of
Phyaicomathematical
Sciences at the Physics Institute Imeni P. N. Lebedev
in 1962:
"Investigation of Fast Charged Particles Trapped by
the Earth's
tLagnetic Field."
Vest. Akad. Hauk SSSR. No. 4. Moscow, 1963, pages
119-145

B/64"8'/62/026/006/013/020
B125/B102
-3.
AUTHORS: Vakulov, P.'V., Vernovq Se Logachev,
Yu. I., Nesterov, V. Ye., Nikolayev, A. G., Pisarenko *,
N. P., Savenko, I. A., Chudakov, A. Ye., and Shavrin, P. I.
TITLE: Radiation studies during the flights of satellites,
spaceships and rockets
P.~MIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya
fizicheakaya,
v. 26, no. 6, 190-2, 758-781
TEXT: This report deals with radiation measurements made
by the second
and the third Soviet spacgehip, by the rocket launched
toward the Venus
on February 12, 1961, and by the third Soviet earth
satellite
(August 15, 1958). The spaceships were equipped with
scintillation
counters, gas discharge counters and elements for storing
data through
2.1 hours. The northern and southern zones of increased
radiation
intensity are undoubtedly linked by the lines of force of
the geomagnetic
field. The increased radiation intensity is due to
electrons of the
outer radiation beltp slowed down in the jacket of the
spaoeship. The
Card 1/3

S/048/62/026/006/dl3/020
Radiation studies during the flights B125/B102
boundaries of this belt were determined more accurately by the
lower
orbiting Soviet spaceship. At.16 hours after the chromosphere
flare of
June 17, 1958 had vanished but still a few hours before the
magnetic
storm, charged particle intensity increased. The electron spectrum
of the outer radiation belt does not change much at an altitude-of
32,000-40,000 km, nor did the magnetic storm which occurred
during the
flight of the third Soviet spaceship have any substantial effect
on the
outer radiation belt. Except for a few percent, the proton
intensity of
the inner radiation belt remained constant during the three
weeks' flight
of the third Soviet satellite. The increased radiation intensity
over
the Brazilian anomaly, observed on board of the second spaceship
at an
altitude of 320 km, 'was due to the inner radiation belt. In this
anomaly,
the proton component of the.inner radiation belt is predominant
at small
.Ireomagnetic latitudes. The portion of X-rays increases with
increasin.g
latitude. A zone of lower bremestrahlung intensity separates the
outer
from the inner radiation belt. This zone is practically absent in
the
region of the Brazilian anomaly. T~e equator of cosmic rays
determined
by the second and the third Soviet spaceship resembles remotely a
sine
curve running between 110 of northern and 110 of southern
latitude.
Card 2/3

S/04 62/026/006/013/020
Radiation studies during the flights ... B125YB102
Between 600 western and 600 eastern lonGitude the equator of cosmic
radiation lies north of the theoretical sine curve. The general trend of'
the lines of equal cosmic radiation intensity correoponds in general to
the distribution of magnetic rigidity. There are 16 figures"and 2 t'ables.
ASSMIATION: Nauchno-isoledovatellskiy institut yade.-noy fiziki
l,oskovskogo Bos. universiteta im. M. V. Lomonosova
(Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Physics of the
Yloscow4State University imeni Lt. V. Lomonosov).
Fizicheskiy institut im. P. N. Lebedeva Akademii nauk SSSR
(Physidd Institute imeni P. N. Lebedev of the Academy of
SciencmUSSR)
Card 3/3

goRrIll KO
CRULEWMN, A.Y., CURAMIMAN, T.Is CMDAMTo As Yls
Cowdo rays in'tbe stratosphere OW their Oorrelation
with
o*2&r activity.
Report to be mbidtted for
Spe" bna*eb Comdues, on own 6th
PIODU7 metlas
TT Were=, FelmmW U Jam 63-

7-- AR5020397 UH/0313/65
SOURCE: Ref. zh. looledovaniye kasmicheekogo prostrawtva, Abs.
8.62.233
AIYMOR: Vernov, B.N.. Chudakov._A.Xe4 Gorcha~ovtje.V.; ;p ach~!v
Hesterov
V-ye.; Savenko.-L.A.,;,1311;;v-FAR,__Il-
TITLE: 0 of the earth
NV'
CIM SOLT=: Geofiz- byul. Wzhduvea. geofiz. kom-t pri Prezidi=e AN
SSSRI
m). 14, 1964., 96-109
TOPIC TAGS: satellite, :ro,.ket, radiation effect, co-smic radiation
TIMMIATION: A short outILne 13 given of the results obtained from
stuU-es conducted
wing Soviet artificial sallwellites and cosmic rockets of the
radiation belts and of
primary cosmic radiation beyona the limits of the magnetic sphere.
strB com o4,o3 IWL: 00

: ~7-1-11.1 n~ -, .,-
~ ~~!~ - ~,*.~! ~i~ 1.
,,
-~~ .-.. . .. ~ , :

; . , - ~ 1. ~e. - L ., . - 'I' -- ' ' : ~.
.. ; .11':-' ,
- . - I- , i, ~ ~- :1 11 ~ ~,~, -:53-66
ACCESSION NFI: AT50236.io
of electrons of above 150 kev energy was observed-in the region
between L 3and
L = 4. The altitude intensity shift is subject to large
fluctuations in time and
may drop at-times to negligible magnitudes., 6) The maximum of the
outer belt is
positioned, on the average, ai; L = 4.8. The maximum altitude
intensity shift in-
dicator m = 0.5 +0.3/-0.2-withifi a wide romige of L. There is a
sharp Intensity
Jump -on the night side at L = 7 + 0.5. On the morning side, a slow
raonot-onic drop
of intensity was observed. The average directed flux of electrons
with an energy
of over 70 ),,ev at the maximum of the outer belt is about 5 % 106
cm-2.aec-l-ster-l
and can change by more than to order of malMitude. The electron
energy spectrum
16~s-ciived iiiihin . i I------ ~ .. .. - _-_ _ -h _-_, '' __
~iv-iFuigi ip 1P "fo;njeqP-jrttb1th0-datA'of at er -re-
Is6a_cber__B,_'
.be softening, in comparison vith measurements of earlier years.
Orig. art. has:
Ill figures"; [FP]
7 _7