SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GAZDAROV, V.M. - GAZENKO, O. G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000514530006-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 19, 2001
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

GAZDARCIV, V. 1,;.
Gazdarov, V. M.
"Abe Chanves In Protein of the Blood of Horses-" Moscow Vet,~!ririary Academy,
1~
Min Higher Education USSR. Chair of Orfwanic and Biolo-F-ical Chemistry.
imoscow, 1955.
(Dissertation for the degree of Candidate in Biological Scierices)
SO: Knizhnaya letopis' No. 2'1, 2 JiLly 1955

SWINMKOT. NA.; TARAZOVg NeTe; GAZAMT, T.No
,4p dhamterletlem of protein substames in the 'blood of heroes*
ftuo ImA. mrf. Shiv. ZOM:243-248 157. (au DO)
(Norms@) Meed pretelas)

6 1 _-_ -b A P, VVj- V.
USSR/Farm Animle - Large Horned Cattla. Q-2
Aba Jour : Rof zhur - Biole, No 18, 1958, 83330
Author : Mel I aikova, T. _QU_dzrOV' V.
Inst : - ------ __
Title : Feeding Preserved Foods to Cove.
Orig Pub : Molochn, i myasno zhivotnovodstvo, 1958, No 1y 22-25.
Abstract : The first group of cows was fed cars ensiled by the Usual
method, the second group of caws was fed ears prosaiNed by
the S-2 preparation, and the third group was fed cars pre-
served by the AIV preparation. These ears were fed to the
cows twice daily in amiuitti of 25-28 kg each time, after
they vere fed concentrated feeds and before they wore fed
hay. During a period of 70 days, total milk yields Vwtui-
ted to 761 kg from control cowG vhercas they averaGed a.
bout 829 kg from test Group cows. Expenditure of conc~an-
trated feeds amunted to 289 -,r and 265 gr per 1 hr; of 4
percent milk,, and to 0,94 and 0.90 of food unit3,
Card 1/2

C-ATEGORIf Farm Animals.
General Problems.
ABS. JOUIR. I RZhBiol., No. 3 1959, No. 11950
a, v , N. A.; Tarvt
Fee~'ng Covis and -Horsos with Pr~.3crv-,,d
by Mineral Acikls.
011'~71 - 3 - : Vostn- s--kh, nauki* 19581 No 2, 50-72
I'T : By preserving fodder with acid pr,,parntlons,
the retention of nutri6ive sv~-',Pmcn.3 ane,
vitaritns is largely assured. Whon feeus which
wt~ro preserved with K2 tind AIV prcparations
wero fed to animals in quantities correspone-
ing to the usual silage norms, an aOvorse
effect on the aninalT condition and ~.,rociuctlon
v;,qri not established. Yares dlgeste-! rations
containing preserved feedn riot loqs thfui
nutritive substoncet, contnined in Q,o
rations and yoiuig animals them ~-Ven
i * IM, Chalyuk, Ye. A.; Mellnikova, S.;
Kostrominaj Ve F.1 Mexiaaj M. A.
USSR
A'-',- C. - 1,Y
1959, No.
ORIC-. PUB.
A "E;'i T RA C, T a little better. Cellulose d1gostion in a
ration which contained preserved corn was 7
percent higher than in a ratlion containing
corn silage# Na, CS ancl P balance was Dositive
in horsas and cows which were gAven preserved
feeds, The full bioloeical value of protein in
preserved lucerne amounted to 51 porcentillof
corn to 43.5 percent, and in controln to )~-50
and 39.8 percent, correspondingly. A dis-
turbanee of the general metabolism and ph7sio-
C 024

GAZDAI-M, C.
Analysis of the causes of defedts in parts of steel molds. p. 16.
(METALURGIA SI CONSTtUCTIA DE MOM. RUFANIA. Vol. 8, no. 5, May 1956.)
SO: Monthly List of East European Accessions (SEAL) LC. Vol. 6, no. 7, July 1957, Uncl.

C- IN -~L d 14- R k-%, I ~-
GAZDARU, C.
GAZDARU, C. Specific metal consumption for parts stamped by drop hammers. P. 70.
Vol. B. no. U. Nov. 1956
METALURGIA SI CONSTRUCTIA DE tLASINI.
TECHNOLOGY
RUMANIA
So: East European Accessions Vol. 6. No. 5, HaY 1957

250) RUM/9-59-7-5/52
AUTHOR: Gtfzdaru, Costacheq Engineer
TITLE: Deformation Work in Die Forging
PERIODICAL: Metalurgia Vi construolia de ma~ini, 1959, Nr 7,
pp 576-579 (Rumania)
ABSTRACT: The author points out that the problem of calculation
of the power needed for die forging often appears in
various processes for determination of the characte-
ristics of the equipment. In the case of existing die
forging equipment, the calculation of the deformation-
mechanical work gives indications on the number of
phases or active strokes of the machine needed for the
forging of a certain part. On this basis, the produc-
tivity of the die equipment can be determined. It is
the only scientific method concerning the determina-
tion of the effective working time and the correct
establishment of the production capacity of the for-

Card 1A ging equipment. The author presents a mathematical
determination of the mechanical work based on the

RUM/9-59-7-5/52
Deformation Work in Die Forging
laws of plasticity. In the case of die forging, the
metal volume is submitted to plastic deformation du-
ring the approaching stroke of the two die surfaces
which compress the work. The plastic deformation
occurs in a body that is-first submitted to elastic
deformation. Therefore, the movement of the die sur-
face produces a state of tension within the metal
mass which is submitted to plastic deformation within
the empty space of the die, The limit tension'state
on the tool surface gives a reBultant which together
with the deplacement of the die surface gives the
mechanical work performed by the machine. Evidently,
the mechanical work is equal to the mechanical work
of the interior forces, tensions and deformations,
existing in the mass of the deformed body. Starting
from an infinitesimal volume element, the author
arrives at a system of 14 equations with 14 unknown
quantities. The three limit conditions must be added
Card 2A however, so that the solving of the equations

Deformation Work in Die Forging RUM/9-59-7-5/52
mentioned is almost impossible. Subsequently, the
author takes as a basis of calculation the case of
the deformation of a parallelopiped with the nota-
tions as given in Fig 2. He determines a curve
(Fig 3) the integral of which represents the specific
mechanical work. By supposing that the resistance of
deformation is constant, the integral can be solved.
,h
The mechanical work is L = Vk f"T1 - . V is the volume
lbh (Fig 2) k the resistance of ideformation. Accor-
ding to.the ~;thor, this result has a practical signi-
fance as it can be used for the calculation of the de-
formation work in die forging. Correction coefficients
are available as established by the Soviet Institute
of Automobile Industry Research (VTOPROM). In conti-
nuation, the author defines the degree of deformation
& as represented in Fig 4. The resistance of the me-
tal at the flow limit in the sense of the stress at
usual forging temperatures is established in confor-
Card 3A mity with Table 1. Finally the author presents a V

JJeformation Work in Die Forging
example of calculation for a
Fig 5. There are 3 diagrams,
RUM/9-59-7-5/52
forging represented in
2 graphs and 1 table /.*
Card 4/4

GAZDARfl,6ADAYUFSrEANU, CL; GERANIU, E.; BEGN-WSCU, P.
Method of preparing thrombin. p. 207. COVn'ICARIME. Pucuresti.
Vol. 5, no. 1, Jan. 1955
Source: East European Accessions List. (EEAL), Le, Vol. 5, No. 3, Yarch 1956
-1 --
IM=-Ita

8 (5) SOV/112-57-5-10224
Tzanslation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhnika, 1957, Nr 5, p 93 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Gazdayka, P. P
TITLX: Method of Recording the Short-Circuit Characteristic of an Induction
Motor (Metod fotograficheskoy zapisi kharakteristiki korotkogo zamykaniya
asinkhronnykh dvigateley)
PERIODICAL- Dokl. L'vovsk. politekhn. in-ta, 1955, Vol 1, Nr 2, pp 119-123
ABSTRACT: Because the short-circuit characteristic of an induction motor is non-
linear, the short-circuit test is usually continued up to the rated voltage.
However, the winding heating distorts the measurement results and the
transient electromagnetic phenomena that accompany each energizing of the
motor, and make it difficult to take simultaneous and sufficiently accurate
instrument readings. To eliminate the above shortcomings and to restrict the
short-circuit test to 10 sec duration, it is suggested that the active and reactive
components of the short-circuit current be recorded by a photographic method;
Card 1/2

SOV/112-57-5-10224
Method,of Recording the Short-Circuit Characteristic of an Induction Motor
a coordinate instrument with permanent -magnet measuring units is used. The
motor under test is connected to the line via an autotransformer whose sliders
are moved by a servomotor. The control-voltage phase can be made coincident
either with the active -current -component phase or with the reactive -current-
component phase. The current components permit detern-dning the short-
circuit characteristic, power, current-voltage phase shift angle, and the short-
circuit parameters.
A.I.M.
Card 2/2

Translation from: Referativnyy Zhurnal,
p. 107 (SSR)
AUTHOR: Gazlayka, P.P.
112-3-5803D
Elektrotekhnika 1957, Nr 3,
TITLE: Current Diagram And Characteristics of Induction Machines
with Variable Paramettrs (Diagramma tokov i
kharakteriatiki asinkhronnykh mashin s peremennymi
parametrami)
ABSTRACT: Bibliographic entry on the author's dissertation for the
Degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences, presented to
the KVw Polytechnical Institute (Kiyevsk. politekhn.
In-t), L'Vov,,' 1956. 1
ASSOCIATION:FJym Polytechnical Institute (Kiyevsk. politekhn. in-t)
Card 1/1

GA7DAYKA, P.P., kand. tekhn. nauk
Analysis of some elements of the circle diagram of an asynchronous
machine based on 70 years of its development and newest experimen-
tal data. Izv. v3s. ucheb. zav.; energ. 7 no.9:7-14 S 164.
(MIRA
17:11)
1. Llvovskiy politekhnicheskiy institut. Prccs'Lavlena kafedroy
teoretictieskoy i ob3hchey elektrotekhniki.

GAOIDAYKA P 1'. kand, tokhn. nauk
I --l-L', j."
Method for determining the torque cur-ves of asynchroncus machines.
Izv. vys. uchob, zav.; enurg. 8 no.1:109-112 Ja 165.
(MIRA 18:2)
1. Llvovskiy politekhnicheskiy institut. Predstavlena kafedroy
teoxeticheskoy i obahchey elektroniki.

GAZDZICKI; J.
.
The influence of angular connections on the reductim of lonritudinal errors of
points of a typical polgonal traverse.
p. 19 (Warsaw. Insty-tut Geodezji i Kartoprafii. Prace. Proceedings. Wamawap
Poland. Vol. 4, no. 1, 1956.
Monthly 1ndex of East European Accessions (EF,41) LC- Vol. 7, no. 2,
February 1958

gAZDZICKI, J.
Controlling the composition of equations of corrections.
P. 243. (GEDDEZJA I KARMGRAFIA) (Warszawa, Poland) Vol. 6, no. 4, 1957
SO: Monthly Index of East European Accession (EEAI) LC Vol. 7, No. 5, 1958

Ga-kdzIckl J., Janusz . Sintuilancous Adjusting of NCd2l Elements
,liednoczesno v.',Yi-6wnanic wymut6w 4 wsp6Irzqdnych wfzllo%%,vch
w slatkich pollgonowych". 11'rare Inst. ~1' Geod. I Kartoar. No. 3), War.
szaw. 1957, PPWK, 42 lip.. 19 lig.A.. WITS-.
The adjustment of extewive Imlygon t1cLq by the method of the
least squares being very laborlotts, the approximating methods
generally called "Methods of nodal pointi" tire used. Not all knomin
methods a nodal pDints are limited to this simplification- each of the
nodal ek"ents a, x, y. is adjusIrd "mrately Thisma nn cr of dealing vMh
them Must necessarily lead Ao such an observation deformaUon as
will prove excessive when a higher precision not Is being adjusted.
The paper discusses fi%vo methods of simultaneous adjusting of the
nodal clemenis a, ~x, y. The observation functions adjusted by the
first mc4hod are angllei and lengttis determined by the nodal element;
and in the second - sums of vilgles and swns of co-ordin;ate Incre-
ments (departure and latitude) culctilated for hidivioual polygons. Both
those methods enable the adjusliment of ths- net with the so called
side connections (with additionilly ch~trvvd directirins toward fixed
i3oints, from certain polyq,j polnt,-). intmerical eximipli-s -tiven
show results very closo to Iliwo obtainkil by invalls of the least
squares method.

G A -, I. t- -' C ?, 1" 3 J .
A few remarks concurninf-, the articLe "Anni-vc-i-say of Y-mliartic Tr2yersing."
1 . 127 (FMl:GLAi- C,-; IIJI:~'.Mly-) Poland, '01. 13, 7 o. 3, ' 1r. 19 7
F I ~) ~ 1 1 5),
60: ilonthly Incex of European Accessions Voi. c , 'No. 11-Y Novprd~er 19 7
5

GAZDZ-'LCKI J._
JANUSZ W,,
A comparison of approximate methods of adjusting polygon nets; based on a few
numerical examples. p. 87.
Warsaw. Instytut Geodezji i Kartografii. (PRACE. PROCEEDINGS. Warszawaq Polai)d
Vol. 6. no, 1. 1958e
Monthly List of East European Accessions Index (EZAI), LC, Vol. b, No. 6, June 1959
Uncl.

r s.,
P-~Is~ ch
Vol. 15, rc. -2pt. 1"'?.
st cof -7j~st Eturonepn

C- GAZDZICnvI I Jerxy
Application of the UMC 1 machine for geodetical computations. Przegl
geod 33 no.12:456-458 161.

CAWZICKI, Jerzy
Solution programs of geofttic problems by means of the Polish
universal digital computer UMC 1. Warsav Inst geod i
kartogr~f Prace 9 no.1;3-32 162.

GAZDZIGKI, Jerzy
Solving normal equations by electronic computers. Prace Inst good 9
no.2:3-16 162.

44259
3/035/62/000/012/06
1AM
M AOO1/A1O1
AUTHOR: Gazdzicki, Jerzy
TITLE; Solving the system of 739 normal equations on an UMC-1 computer
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Astronomiya i Geodeziya, no. 12, 1962, 4o,
abstract 120250 ("Przegi. geod.", 1962, v. 34, no. 7, 323 - 324,
Polish)
TIM: In adjustment of the Silesian triangulation network, the system of
739 normal- equations was solved. The network was divided into 4 groups and was
adjusted by the Pranis-Pranevich method. The method of cracowian root was select-
ed for direct solution of normal equations. Advan~tages of this method include:
simplicity of solution algorithm, small number-of entries in th6 calculation
process, i.e., cells in the computer memory, and a high#r precision of calcula-'~:
tional results. About 3,000 cells remained in the computer memory for the solu-.
tion of the equation system properly. At the same time,in each group of equa-
tions the number of non-zero coefficients of normal equations above the main
diagonal was 6,000 - 7,000. Therefore, normal equations of each group were di-
Card 1/2

S/035/62/000/012/061/064
Solving the system of... A001/A101
j I-
vided into 3 parts. Hundred hours were spent for solving the system (25 hours
for insertion and extraction of data and 75 hours for calculations proper).
Economic efficiency attains 70% in comparison with-*calculations on an adding
machine. Individual stages of solution are described. There are 5 references.
B. Serapinas
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]-
Card 2/2

z
L-Aal
-.,ACCEWION NR: AT40W,745 P/22505/63/010/002/0003/0035 i
AUMCR: - -Gazdzicki, Jerzy (Gam'dzitski, Yezhi).
TITIZ: Adjustment &'triangulation nets on electronic computers
SOMM Wareave Instybut Geodezji i Yartografii* Prace, v& 10, no. 2(22),
1963, 3-35
-TOPIC TkGS: trianplation net, computer., digital ccqp4er, MIC 1 digital com-
puter, Pranin Praniewict multigroup . adjuntment
AWnV=.* The'paper is divided in 3 pwba 1 1) MQuotment of single 1proupa;
2) -blultigroup and multistep adjustment; and 3) Description oC a: multistep ad-
jumtment & a large trimoastica not@ The first part deacribea proep~ww for
the complex adjuatment,of the triangulation nets*, These programs were prepamcl
~w_the mediun size digital caupoter UM 1, installed in the Institute of Geodesil
azA CsrtcgM;by* The mMn twitwe of t4ese programs in the maximal eliml stion
J_
otqwedleas agmtLow cn the zero-elenents durjmg the vhole proceduiv of &Quat
awt6 t4hich pmita ahaft;ening the time of computation and adjusting larger
b3uwiw-v:L+Ab*tb*_..zme1w~ aapa(dtys With regard to use the progrms arn
Cc d
1/3

ACCESSICK NRi AT4040345,
divided in the following parts: a) determination of the fo= of the.table of
normal equations; b) setting-up and perforation of the correction equations;
c) setting-up of the normal equations; d) solution of the system of noxual equa-I
and e) computation of the adjuste
tions vith the computation of standard errors,
coordinates and the final control. The initial data are the measured angles,
the number,of points, vhich defines the position of angles in the net, the de-
finite and-approximate coordinates. The second part gives the formulas of the
multigroup cLdjuj3tment of Prania Franievicz and of its generalization -- the
method of multist~p adjustment. These formulm are deduced on the basic of
p ele
algorithms of the root of the block Cracovion., in vhith the calculus on the
ments (,simple numbere) is replaced by the calculus on the blocks (ensembles of
nunbera), vhich is more convenient in automatic computations. The method of
latic nets even eso
multistep adjustment permits the adjustment of lafte geoc in th
cases vt1cre the electronic; computers to be uBed have a mnall menorry. M~e taird
part contains a description of the.four-atep adjustumt, of the triangulation
net perfc=ed ca the UM 1 computer., fitted vith a drum memory with 409&wor&
capecityt MAs net cOls' Isted of 566 points: 24 given and 542 to be deteraiinede!
Card :f'~

Acmsica NR: AT400343
The dbaervatioan inaludea in the adjuaiment consisted of 3328 angleat 7 boxes
an& 1 astrmcmic azimuth- The author ocneludes that the resUltO Of aJM*tm6at,
a coa-
confirmed campletOv the usefulness ce multistep adjustment in autcaati
putaticao orig. art. bm s ii gmphics and 44 ra=uua.
A38CG=Cfft none
BUBKI=s OQftUG DM AMt 2p%jA
MLS 00
am CCMI IWO Is No Im. BM 01T.
Card

SULC, Stefan, inz.; GAZDIX, Jan, dr.
The tenth anniversary of the Freezing Technology Research Institute
in Bratislava. Prum potravin 13 no.6:316-318 Je 162.
1. VyskumW ustav mraziarensky,, Bratisiava.

L 39931-66 JXT (C'-) /0 1)
_XCC_ N9. - AT651 137 SOURCE CODE: UR/0000/65/000/000/0181/0183
AUTHOR: Gazditski
4
ORG: Department of Leveling and Geodetic Calculations, Geodetic-Cartographic Insti-_._t
tute, Warqaw,_~olaqd (Otdel uravnitellnykh i geodezichesklih vychisleniy Geodeziches-
ko-kartograficheskogo instituta)
TITLE: Use of UMC type digital computers for geodetic ,computations
SOURCE: Sovet ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomoshchi. Postoyannaya komissiya po koordinataii
nauchnykh i tekhnicheskikh issledovaniy. Sredstva i metody mekhanizatsil podgatovki i
poiska nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii, inzhenernogo i upravlencheskogo trude (Neans
and methods for mechanizing the preparation and research of scientific and teanical
information and of engineering and control work); lektsii, prochitannyye na e
"Inforga-65" v maye-iyune 1965 g. Moscow, 1965, 181-183
TOPIC TAGS: computer, digital computer, electronic data processing / UNC-1 digital
computer, UMC-10 digital computer
ABSTRACT: The article discusses the compatibility and effectiveness of two types of
computers used by the Polish Geodetic Service. The UMC-1 is a small, electron tube.
fixed point computer with an access time of the order of 100 operations a second and
a magnetic drum memory of 4096 34-bit words; input and output are ft pwwbed tqw
Card

ACC NRj
and teletype. The UiC-10 is a transistorized, fixed point computer with speeds of
2000 operations per second, internal ferrite memory of 4096 34-bit words, supplemm-
tary external magnetic drum memory, punched-tape readers (500 characters per secoDd).
punched tape and teletype input and output (150 characters per second). Bath types
of computers possess identical logical structure and use the awe systen of codivg.
The chief disadvantage of the UMC series is the lack of a floating point.
SUB CODE: 09,08/ SUBM DATE: none
Card 2/2

MYSONA, Hieezyslaw; NALEPA, Vieslaw; GAZDZINSKA, Jadwiga.
Z-
Obtaining of enamels on aluminum sheets. SzIIo 12 no.8:243-247
Ag 161.
1. Katedra Towaroznawatwa, W~ssza Szkola Ekonomiczna, Krakow.

GAZDZITSKIY~ Yezhi [Gazdzicki, Terzy] (Varshava)
-,-,
Use of electronic computers in Poland for geodetic calculations.
Geod. i kart. ao.7t4l-49 Jl 163. (MIRA 16:8)
(Poland-Electronic computers)
-01-
11

GAZECKI, J.. (Warsaw)
Smmd energy equations for coupled halls* Proceed vibr probI
5 no.3t231-239 164.

GAZEL, A.; STEPNIEWSKI, S.; URBANSKI, S.
Cleaning cotton fabrics. Bialet-vn WIok. p. 2.
PRZEGLAD WLOKIENNICZY. (Stowarzyszenie Inzynierow i Technikow PrzenWalu
Wlokienniezego) Iodz, Poland. Vol. 12, no. 1, Jan. 1958.
Monthly List of East European Accessions (EEAI) LO. Vol. 8, no. 7, July 1959.
Uncl.

L 51266& E1-r1'(l)/1_3EC (k) -2/0WA(h)
ACCESSION NR; AP5023658 UR/olig/65/000/008/66'25/0025
621-319-44
AUTHOR-. Gazelerjg~(Engineer)I_Pedanov, V. V. (Engineer)
TITLE: Capacitance meter based on.the charge-comparison principle
SOURCE: Priborostroyeniye, no. 8, 1965, 25
TOPIC TAGS: capacitance meter
ABSTRACT: The charges of a reference capacitor box and the capacitor being tested
are compared by.charging both to 150 v, connecting them In opposition, measuring
their diffetence voltage, and minimizing it by adjusting the box. The latter can
be adjusted stepwiso from I to 182 Lm F..The capacitance motor is claimed to have
a maximum error of about 0.85%. It is suitable for testing paper-insulation
capacitors of 50 tiF and higher. 'IT. I. Aksenova took part,in this project.11
Orig. art. has: 2 figures and 2 formulas
ASSOCIATION: Pone
00 ENCL. SUB CODE: rse
00
SUBMITTED;
I NO REFmVt 000 OTHER: 000
;-Card

G A ZE I iTU.'i 1 roblenis of agricultuml tcelini(lue 1,,. the c-row-inp, of ctictun-l-or
Seeds," Pohlady (I'osl,. s4h. adad. in. Tirdrys,,-mva), Issue (?y 1049, p. 91-93
:30: U-5`40, 17, '-ec. 53, (Lotoris 14'hirnal 'riy,'-,h Stntay, '.o. 25, lc,14~-,) .

BRBZHM, D.D., akedemik, prof.; GAZRMUSH, T.L.; KAMERAZ, A.Ta.;
NOVELU, P.P.; KIZGIRSTA, O.F.; FILOVO'A.I.; ZHUXOTSKIT, P.M.,
skademik. prof.. obahchiy red.; LRONTIM. V.M., red.; CHUNA-
RTA. Z.V.. takhn.red.
[The floret of cultivated plants of the U.S.S.R.) lullturnala
floret SM. Hookya. Gos.izd-vo nellkhox.lit-ry. Vol.20.
[Vegetable plants of the nightshade f amilyl towto. eggplant,
black nightshade, melon pear. pepper (Capsicum), ground cherry.
mandragoral Ovoshchnye paulanovye; tomst, baklazhan, chernyl
paslen, dynnsia grusha. perets. fizalls, mandragore. 1958.
531 P. (MIRA 1):))
1. Vaesoymsuays akndemiya sellskokhozynystvennykh nauk Imetnt V.I.
Laniza (for Breshnev. Zhukovskly).
(lightshade) (Vegetables)

1. GAMENTEGEEIR, Ye.
2. ussR (6oo)
4. Dairy Bacteriology
7. Plant laboratory strives to improve the quality of the product, Mol. prom.,
13, No. 10, 1952.
9. Month jj_st 2f Russian Accesnions, Library of Congress, February, 1953. Unclassified.

VOLODARUIY, N. I., GAZUKO, A. I.
Fmsic heterogeneity of tissues In the sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L.). Bot. zhur. 45 no-5:742-745 my 16o.
(MIRA 13:7)
1. Kubansk1y sel'skokhozyaystvennyy institut, #,. Krasnodar.
(Sunflowers) (Plant cella and tissues) (Growth (Plants))
I

GAZEKKO, G.G.
Review of G.G. Avtandiloy's book "Brief scale of colors". Lab. delo
no.164 164. (MIRA 17:4)
A-

'i_'GAZENKO, G.G.; BOBOV, V.S.; J-'Ftj? VTKCV, V.11,
PETROV, V.I.
Brief news. Lab. delo no. ll:j699-703 164. (MIRA 17:12)
1. Glaynyy vrach Upravleniya klinikami I Moskovskogo ordena
Lenina meditsinskogo instituta im. I.M.Sechenova (for Bobov).

GAZMO v 0.o _* _ . ...
--Ifficlent work of building crows. Stroitel' no.4:10 Ap 157.
(Building) (K= lOt6)

GAaWKO, 0. G . (Lt. Col. 11.1ed. Service)
"A Few Data on Physiological Analysis of Flyers' Fatigue Sensation," Voyenno-
m,ditsinskiy zhur., H0.1, pp 36-40, 1955
The paperd escribes experiments that were carried out on 8 flyers going about
their daily flying routine. Three tables with test data are included in the text.
D 312255, 22 Aug 55 - Translation

SOV/25-58-11-9/44
AUTHORS: Gazenko, O.G., Malkin, V.B., Candidates of Medical Sciences
TITLE: Biology of Cosmic Flights (13iologiya kosmicheakikh polotov)
PERIODICAL: Nauka i zhizn', 1958,.INr 11, pp 17-22 and p 2 of centerfolds
(USSR)
ABSTRACT; The maintenance of normal living conditions for man during
cosmic flights is the main task of cosmic biology. At the
present time 2 groups of experimentn are being conducted in
the USSR% laboratory experiments ond experiments in rockets
with telemetric registration of biologic functions. Tests
with animals carried in rockets up to 110 km showed normal
reactions, insofar as they withstood acceleration and re-
tardation satisfactorily, and blood pressure, pulse and
breathing increased only slightly. At heights up to 212 km,
especially unfavorable effects were noticed at re-entry of
the rockets into the atmosphere. However, the problem of
re-entry at 450 km hns been solved. Soviet researchers are
especially concerned with the problem of re-entry of passen-
gers from space ships. Great difficulties have yet to be
overcome in solving re-entry at supersonic velocities. '.If'hen
Card 1/2 a space ship travels at a velocity exceeding sonic velocity

Biology of Cosmic Flights
'~!()V/25-59-11-9/44
bY 5 times, the nose section is heated to more then 1,COO 0 C.
Subsequently, temperatures in the airtight compartment may
become unbearable for humans. It has been shown by special
experiments, that at an humidity of "jO temperatures of
0
100 can be endured by men for 30 minutes, and temperatures
of 2000 only for 3 minutes. The effects of acceleration are
being thoroughly studied, whereby it was found that accelera-
tion of 10 G may be endured for several minutes, However,
acceleration should be considerable lower than this to main-
tain operating ability. The authors describe the different
operations of re-entry from a cosmic flight: catapulting of
pressure cabin from the space ship, slowing down of descent
by means of reactive drives and parachute, and finally landing
of the cabin with a parachute.
There are 8 photos Bnd 7 drawings,
Card 2/2

GAITINK01 O.G. (Doctor) -ind Kwwrzov, j%.G. (Prof. )
7urther Biological Investigations on Rockets."
report presented at the 4th European Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine, Rome, Italy,
22 October - 5 November, 1959.

86168
R/002/60/ 000 /009/001/003
A 125/AO26
ATITHORS: Gazenco, O.G. and Malkin, V.B., Candidates of Medical Sciences
----------
TITLE: Can Man Live Without Weight
PERIODICAL; StU41 qi Tebnicl, 1960, No. 9, pp. 14-15
TEXT: Subject article presents some problems regarding the lifi in space,
i.i., In a state of weightlessnes0' Since no man yet was in space, ScLentiats
were restricted to study these problems on the basis of simulated conditions.
The Q--rman cardiologist Langer believed that an absolute loss of weight would have
fatal consequences. But, the results obtained during the flight of the Soviet
satellite having the dog Laika on board, and especially after the recovery of
the second Soviet space ship having various animals on board, proved him wrong.
The electrocardiogram and the recordings of the respiratory tract revealed a
normal functioning of these organs. Although there are no data on the Influenct
of the weightlessness on the digestion, it is suppo4ed that this funation will
not ta considerably impaired. Weightlessness will almost not cListurb at all the
activity of plants. The behavior of man in weightless state was studied during
parabolic flight trajectories of aircraft. Many experiments were condu,.,t-.d to
Card 1/2

86W
Can Mar. Live Without Weight
establish the feelings of pilots in weightless state. Based on the data ob-
tained, scientists believe that disturbances of the physiological functions due
to a state of weightlessness will not be too great. Another important problem
is the return of thl man from space, i.e., a passing from the state of weight-
lessness to normal weight. The unfavorable influences of the weightlessness can
be eliminated by producing an artificial gravity based on the centrifugal force.
The reipilts of all these examinations show that lifoL Is possible also under the
conditions of weightlessness. There are 2 figures and I photograph.
R/002/60/000/009/001/003
A125/AO26
Card 2/2

,-.- GA-F~N~OL O.G., kand.med.nauk; MALKIN, V.G., kand.med.nauk
Problems in space flight. Zdoravle 6 no.9:4-5 3 160. (MA 13'-8)
(SPACE FLIGHT)
I I ~~ , $f, -. ~~
I - ~ ~ - -
- -1. -... - ~ -

0.
GAZENKO, J. G.
"Some Results of Medical and Biological Investigations on
Spaceships-Satellites (1960-61)" by D.G. Gazenko (USSR)
Report to be submitted for 4th Meeting 6f the committee on space
research, Florencep Italy 7-18 April 1961

C.- "-".t J,11
C=-~L~l cut. fr=
-
L
. 0, 1. V.
~C-I. Ctlr-a-. to

d. ell ",,'I r.:Z7 cl~' tlll~ V;~rlzblc' Iz~3 I'll't'll tt;2 ccz,~;t,--It
in th,~ 21cla - G.
V. V.
r"I-x C-7g~-al'i V. I.
l'-Jectic-a Ccclr-l by :~--lat'ic-i G. L. zzcd=iziQr

'I~n, C: In! 'uy Ksaw~
off r-:1 C;~ac-- A'~- V. I C~ :L

Ca X~-,, Ion r-f tatiou ca S. Ver
7. E.
to i7e p.~ojoatod at tho )Z, it,, Jrjtcrp-,jtjL-1~j tatr=autical CcnCzans,
Wrshlr.~;toa D. C. 1-7 Oc"Obor 1961

BIDKHIN, Nikolay NikoUyevich; PARINI Vasiliv Vasil'yevicb;-_GkZENKO
j_
--uaz-fzawgi7swicb,, kand.med.nauk; VERNOV9 Sergey Nikolayevich;
STAROSTENKOVA9 M,M,p otv.red.; SHISHINAp Tu.G.9 red.;
NAZAROVA, A.S.% tekbn.red.
[Medicine and cosmic f3lght) Hsaitsina i kosmicbeskie polety;
abornik. Moskva, lzd-vo OZ=nie,w 1961. 30 p. (Vsesoiuzuoe
obshchestvo po rasprostranenHu politicheskikh i nauchrqkh
snolvii. Ser.8, Blologiia i zeditsinap no.9) (MIRA 3.4z6)
1, President Akademli meditsinakilrb nauk SSSR (for Blokbin),
2. DeystvitellzWy chlen Akademil meditsinskikh nauk SSSR (for
Parin). 3. Chlen-korrespondent AN SSSR (for Vernav).
(SPACE MEDICINE)

372ty2
5/56o/6i. /000/011/008 /012
r.027/E635
AWFO111S Gazenko, O-G., Bayevskiy, R.M.
TITLE: ;~-Y~11111~silal methods in space medicine
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Iskusstvennyye sputniki
Zemli. no. 11. Moscow 1961. Reziilltaty nauchnykh
issledovaniy, provodennylth vo vremyn poletov
vtorogo i tretlyego 1cosmicheskikh korabley-
sputinikov, 68 - 77
TEXT; The authors discuss the problems involved in
carrying out physiological investigations on men and animals
during space flights. The necessity of recording observations
andb-ansi,,iitting them to earth has led to the development of the
new science of biotelemetry. In this field transducers are of
prime importance in converting nhysiological infonrotion into
electric currents,-and due consideration must be paid to their
reliability and to the avoidance of unnecessary discomfort-when
they are attached to the experimental subject for prolonged
periods. The amount of information which can be carried by the
8=2 . ations channels must also be considered. Thus, to
ar

s/56o/61/ooo/oli/oc8/012
Physiological methods in --- E027/E635
transmit an electrocardiogram with an amplitude of five volts
with an accuracy of 0.25 volt twenty different signals can
enter the channel, which should be able to transiait not less
than 100 signals per second. The electrocardiograin thus
contains around 400 iterrs of information per second, and the
capacity of the channel should be 500 items per second.
Similarly, the electroencephalogram requires a transmission
frequency of 200 signals per second and a channel capacity of
800 items per second; for the electronyogram the respective
figures are 1000 and 4000,for the pneuinogram 10 and 20, and for
the thermogram 0.05 and 0.25. The capacity of the channel
required can be reduced by coding the information to be
transmitted. In space flight physiological methods are
applied for three purposes; (1) to exert continuous medical
control over the experimental subject; (2) to obtain information
on the effect of space conditions on the subject, and (3) to
detect conditions dangerous to life and health. Sonic
Card 2/3

S/560/61/000/011/008/012
Physiological methods in --- E027/635
measurements, zuch as of respiration and cardiovascular activity-
fall into all three categories. The main methods used in space
physiology, such as electrocardiography, seismoc~.rdiography (a
variant of ballistocardiography used in the thir- Soviet satellite,
which can only be used during free flight), phon,)cardiography,
arterial oscillography, recording of the pulse and respiratory
ciovements, electromyography, recording of body movements,
thermometry and investigation of the higher nervous activity are
briefly reviewed. There are 6 figures and 1 table.
SUBMITTED: May 3. 1961
Card 3/3

28589
7. 2-E)c)o 5/565/61/000/009/003/004
I. B144/BIOI
AUTHORt Gazenko, 0. G., Candidate of Medical Sciences
TITLEt Fundamental medicobiological problems of space flight
PERIODICALs Meditsina i kosmicheskiye polety; sbornik, no. 9, 1961, 13-27
TEXTt A short historical synopsis of rocket technology mentions
K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, Po Ao Tsander% G. Oberth, and R. Goddard. Of late
manned space flight has made enormous progress, last not least owing to
the great achievements made in space biology and space medicine. The
principal problems includeds 1) possible noxious effects of cosmic fac-
tors on organisms and their prevention; 2) life preservation during space
flight, e.g., air regeneration; 3) selection and training of astronauts.
The cosmic factors can be subdivided into three groupst a) factors
characteristic of space itself% extreme low barometric pressure, almost
complete absence of 02' meteorites, ionizing radiation, etc.; b) dynamic
factors involved in rocket flights accelerationg noise, vibration,
weightlessness; c) factors influencing living conditions in the artificial
medium of the hermetically sealed cabin, e. g., pressure reduction,
Card 1/3 j

2t589 S/565/61/000/009/003/004
Fundamental medicobiological ... B144-/Bl()l
partial replacement of N2 by He, absence of day and night rhythm, etc.
Some results achieved in Soviet experimental flights are described. At
first, respiratory conditions in the cabin were maintained by air/O2-
containers and chemical absorption of CO2 and moisture; later, chemical
regeneration was realized. Protection against temperature variations was
obtained by lining the cabins. The crew is rescued either in separable
cabins with stabilizingp braking, and parachute devices, or by catapulting
and protection against air rarefaction by space suits. Animal tests with
rockets reaching altitudes of UP to 450 km showed that the increase in
the respiratory and pulse rates during acceleration subsided within 4 - 6
min after wdghtlessness had set in. Throughout the flight, physiological
function were recorded and the behavior filmed. As a result, the stabi-
lization and braking of the separated capsule had to be improved. The
only drawback of rocket tests was their short duration. Subsequent bio-
logical experiments on artificial satellites and space-ships, beginning
with the flight of the bitch Laika in November 1957, offered new pro-
speots. Pulse and respiratory rates, electrocardiogram, and motility were
radiotelemetrically recorded. The evaluation of relevant data showed that
Card 2/3

2U"_5r)9 3/565/61/000/009/003/004
Fundamental medicobiological*.. B140101
weightlessness had no strong effect upon the basic physiological functions~
measuring instruments, and life-preBerving devices. A safe return to the
earth was of great importance in order to study the effect of cosmic
radiation after the landing. Such tests were started with two dogs on
board of the second space-ship, followed by the launching of smaller
laboratory animals, seeds, microorganisms, tissue cultures, ferments, etc.
This test series proved that weightlessness, transition to overload, and
ionizing radiation in the orbit below the radiation belts did not have any
noxious effect upon organisms and that safe landing could be achieved.
The idea that space is incompatible with life will have to be revised.
The preparation of manned space flight included the selection of healthy
and psychically stable individuals by tests on centrifuges and vibrostanda,
in space-flight simulating chambers, etc. Then, the men chosen underwent
a special training to improve their physical strength, ability, and per-
severance, and were instructed theoretically (rocket technology, astron-
omy) and in the operation of the space-ship. The flight of Yuriy Gagarin
in April 1961 proved that manned space flight is possible and the way into
the universe open to man.
Card 3/3

SISAKYAN, N.M. (Moskva); GAZENKO, O.G. (Moskva); GENIN, A.M. (Moskva)
Some problems of space biology. Zhur. ob. biol. 22 no.5:325-332
S-0 161. (MIRA 14:9)
(SPACE BIOLOGY)

C33: 6503-N
MnAIII FROBLE'n ;,? WACE BI:L.O^,Y
is a tronslat!:n of at, article by'
h.14. Slsaky&n. 0.G. and Q,nln
In 7hurn4l q--aai or
Gar. F.U 5. 19o1,
325-33 -7
Recent brilliant xtxcco~sox in act-mca and tachnolcey
parmst us to prweftd WiLn tno pla~nad ar~ S13t"I'Atic tu'Iy
th. m.rt,ry 0: cos.-Ic sp3:..
Opqntd t-i b!clDetcal' arm wait mni Xtr,-~Jy
attractt~q ;*rjs~Act3 for Which in
Mat F--,,1 -.y ~~t. to tz-- .-It
TrA orrocz or ztre.~-, ru:t~rz os space "~~jj
livlnZ earth orgar.ars.
,no blolo--.eal bbXas Cc~ s&.1vE;uora1xi: apnco r11,Fhts
and life on th* plar.41.s.
rf'~ fOrM3 &Zd tord'LtLor-4 r
Boar1r, '~ =!.-.d the f~.,4-tr~lne~i of thv
Mothad in lnv*st Ilest lent , tne a,~-.hoP5 hrr- -na- ov--n a tritr
*.~ry of th: And
I t
,,c , A
,ntftras o:,r, , 31n tive3 vz~!~un t'~11_ al scir-,3
11030 ere A~ v"`~ t*- -f ~~ - f~r thu zu"J" -.I
';%t'.= 13 ~ - s' -rs~t ~
d.volopr-nt of s;- biola,:y AT.: for th~ -!~:t Im of tni pr.-,L.
1.m9 confr.ntIne It.
Ext.--l F-ti- f C-,-Ic
SLOI.j.,tc.l na- s.,-,I
0Ularly '.~partmnt n~thodololz~'
pacts. Tne cOrt-;:=rLry torr-tr4oll In -uz-,
of cvolut.~n adsp-1 c-~rtsir.
tone* (the irxiu~nzo of tho
pr*33ura, the backi.-.n4l of' 1~n!x!ne. md!utinn. C,,o-
mic spaco rapr-cnts 4 nodl~n witli ~-rxrt,rtvt,1- =!;xvi,ly
dirrarent fram tt,.-3* vrltn orZsni- wnco-~;tor wtjj~jrj
the limit. of th. t~rt~W. bllcm,~:rm.

A negligible dinsItj of matter, the ba.n~. of =.Ie-
cular oxyZer., thu proacneo 0r I
Eva rudlutlcn* arA a untq"a tvr.~cr~tvre zo.,,1It1-. - all
t
the.. XcluJo %he po,atIbIlity of th, utt.l. ctVitty of ,I.-
qu4tely organisad r,preiar.'.kt!,je3 of thg aorLh6s crgai-lc
world in outer space.
The protection of man mrwi his p~szLblv campunicro --
terrestrial untmals and pl%ntc - dtirtne spara f1l,_,hts rr(~,,
tba unfavorable. affect of txtr-il fa,t~rz -prto-,t5
a very conpltcat.d Anzi Imp7rtant ;r~bl~m.
There are two circunztan--," rvqu!.-!n.- partl-~Iar att-i-
tLon: the bi of ogi cut *Cr.ct or coam!c 1sxiIz:r., rall3tllrn 4z:,i
. r w r - -Ino
the Stat D e ,1.t1.- .I.
Thu danger or the afflictire bgol~Ztc~l affatt. or c:-
=to radiation Is prrb*bl7 one of the =%I.-% ol-taclis in thu
rold tolmeatertne cosmic ap,c..
t should be poIntmet out that In rad toll oj,, teal tahavlor
cox~ic space is rot
Thu pr~svzxe of belts of huieht4ntd redtatton, the in.
t4n3tty of pohich may reach ne~nitud,,S dlr,4e.'~-Js to llvl:~, or.
gantz-i, have bv&n dl3covar-d sr~urd tht cartn. It 1.4 c:aitt,
posr1blo that radlattnn bolt3 or otmitar or vtn M,3hur In-
tensity cxi*t around oth,r pll.neta h1ch po.3,- 2 naj--tt~
field. tioroovar. It Is nace,ssurj to lscojp In -.ni tt%mt In
space thi intensity of radlatiso and 1-92 qualitative
tion undergo conatunt fluctuations Lr. Llm~. upon
r=y cau3us. Dazar-olr.~ ep~a..ti attcr.-!,~n I.. Lh:s r4apo:t &r,
the ..I.r riar.3, dter1r.,7, tnc course of wt.'Ch, th,~ Int~nzllty
or radittt.n may tr.,:r ... a ttrs ~'l m-,7
thr,utnn1n,, dAr,::cr to livir, orZnr.!sna. At prts,nt, unfor-
tu=tbly, any lor,-raneu pro,!no~lx or su--h as dtf-
ricult. In the stuly 0~ the bioloeicvl eff,et or C).I~jc rLdle.-
tion only the first 3;,;,s h%vm m-n te"ien, .'A thi3 pr-1-
requires chruful st"I In 016 futu~-~. % 4% r.,3"ss~:-j to
clarify the ralstivc blol-tcrl eCf,--ttv--s -A p--cullarlt~r
or the action or heavy ricioi cip~biij nr n v-,ri 6&~
donalty or lontzmt,Er-n. Tno subject or th:
or tc,rAt%nZ r-Il.tio. -an-tl r.1 ott..r '~.tt,rn
or 1".10t, as, ror ex-pl,, ov-rl~-lds and vibrtl~n~ to ur
axtrvne "portanc- Hre., can I, xp-t~j -rj~t! Ir-1 '.-. ra-
dloa~nsltlvlty of btolog. -LI.,Cto tin g,nt!.
for itz wcll a.1 viritl~nz Ir. tY., r-t~tin7,, of
%.nj=m to th~ rf.ct or otn- f,,ctor..
Tho d!Bcov-ry of oradl or hlgh-i-.t-sity
Z,sn~s In coo~tc spec. ."t bcCcr, biology a r.--r or -m;.or-
tent practichl problams connjetcd with thz pr--t-tIon of'
bcrs or the crew.

Unquestionable. the difflt-.at probltn 4~ thin
tion against rlux,s from th. lt,.,!r t--motrIal
the lower border of which It-,z a; gr~z!ratally t~~O ~-~ rr~m tr;.
Surruc. of the earth in the rvt~Lon of the eq,-,~tor.
It to possible that the .5r-ct plDtt-ne of ri!ght
trajectories, with the avoldn=a or tri. z~nas ,f hlh-lnt~:-
alty ra~.Iatlon will be of chief P.-V.r, st.,I- '3
concerning the dovtsi:kr, or phya'cll &.~d blolo~,'cal m-jar.3 or
protection are also very pr~mi*irj.
The state or dyn"Ic !3 justly cor.~L-
red one or the characteristic :,Ut little stulled fecto.- ir
space r1ij,-ht. It night be al!mInated by cramt!n~ an arttfl-
ctnl gravity force on the snip. Houiver, to what oxt~-nt tl,.I_o
in nacaszarys and what intensity cr *rt1rtc%%i gravity e:ould
be advised still require axp,rlm~ntrl solutirio. -
The data obtained In the course of corl,,;ctin~r. binloTt-
cal expurimants an the chip-SatellItes n-irmi. the
that, in Itself, the state of w*!FhtIv3nnrB3 will not edv4rs-
1, affect the vital activity or crZ~nlffns In th-~ c~urz-~ ~f t
twont7-rour hour or even larq~,~r p~rlad of tj~*.
It tisy be hoped that at the s,mu -!~v, tho
movcn~ntz end nhn'2 orlontatlon In arace will zc- bo
.5 ut the qu-tlon of whtth-jr a prol=~.vd at.%y in th~
less 3tota ctn chemea the runc-Licrtl. ccndltl~n of orei-l-ni
so muoh that the ratui~n to thclr Cravltntolom~l rL,1A
would prove on excessive load r~.~Ins entirely t,pin.
Purthcrmoro, It to ncc~'-.-7 to take ln-~ coj~311-,r-
tiers th~ f." that the earth'. arav!t.tIQn.I field
exarL3 a definite Influunce %;pnn h~ phyajolc.37, call-i-r c.-!
siibcallul~-r Atructur-3, the d vo'.,i-nt of znl '--r~.--
4ToM313. It 13 Prft3=.d that In t~~ ;.rIMZ%ry of ~h
=~u or th* bo:ly n-st
naitti.-.z or the rortIIL:o4 ot!-
"Wnted In a cfjrtaln mAnmjr !n t1na ~-vltmt'~.n f!~Id. A~,w
th-" t'k PI-- .1::-f -~l- '7r vlt~
Stitutcl .1. cxtr-mlly Int, r n.!
Which Is* h~b lnplrt~nt for tn~ ,o-
kur- s,,-cj glICht3.
out Gr the n%itttul, of rqct~rq* th') fr~ztl or
encountered by hunen oreantim nig:-.t he durgr..~ fll!:ht 1.nt,~
3pscaj we have ewalt only u,)ori 3;_ce _1
nass. The total list or extr-1 :t=tora Is quaran bpjl.,, _j.
rurtharr.ora, thuro 13 no ajaur,-,~e t~.at -t la
pasm1bly, furLhir lnvvitlg~t!-a of Lt- pny~!"a -f ... :'! c
spue. ond blolor'1~11 III di .. v'r, -%,
.4. yet unknown conditions, or 1,~me t~ wtoma b-,In.~~caj .:.-t
wo hnd not, until mcw, attriLut4d ..ny alenjfj-nc~.

In order t 0 rom a d*CLr,ite point or vIza co.-*rnj:~L
the ovew at ton0rvarious m~aanz for nare.:u%raire proio~~
.c
speo. flight., it to n.0033ary to Ccr~.ulata ttia, basic re-
quircaunts and the Lniti al dotat0%hIch trdso aasar.3 shot.;I'd
corra3 ;a& 1.
The rormulat'lon of such a point of view 13 rather c-:p-
IiCatad and controversial. Thar. Is no dc~ubt that space CIIIF.1-
will in one way or another cause scme dIsccnf-t In the I!ro
of the crew# since technical rectittian i.-.,ivitatjiy connitt
with the vary xt#n:Iv* and varied needs of =~..
T ate solution t~
A a P I o this problem Is h~ardly posa.bl*.
In gdno rsl ' How*var# it I ar..W GOC.3-ary to for-lat. a 11-
finite point of vlaw rjear, Ing scma principal pr~blcm3. with
the awAran-3A that sub3aqu~nt studi.s and tho or
actual flights may brlre corr~zttono to pre-
.an, ..,!,,1:c1*lons.
Th. cu Pt ra I queastion datvrminre the entire compl2x
of systems is the rormotd=. of
roqulrxnant for astronauts.
W* possess rather ext=sIve data d4trmIn!nZ the c7t!-
mum ratio botwoan food 3U')RL%n-C3 ccrta!n.)d In & n-tan's ra.
tion. The necessary mln~ir~*I c~;vsltion Of food has bo-n
studied In dutall and the Qu-~t'Tatlvv rcqjlrnantl or t'--*
au,jorlty of vltanlnj havu b-n duturilned. Ttc3o r~qulrdM-rt.
have boon established for vartlou,s condLtlo,% ~f h~~x ~cc,4~*.
tLon.1 activity. 11owovvro not until now ras It oton poAzjtl*
to condsict studios on thu basis or uhich r=rIt'Qnxl r2-
quLram~r.-3 suitable to the occupstinal activity of cozno-
f mulatud.
D'uts "Tah2drormuint ion a r thine rcquIr,-.-r.-j can only ho
tatLva, and substantiated only by th, Congtlarat!orl th~o we
.po32&3a no dtr.,ct reasons for s-=InZ any ts:intlal pocu-
ilaritlos In the nut%bclic proc,Yz-: of ntq w-.o !a =.dcr-
taking a prolonged space journoy.
A.s-InZ that a man n a space ah1p p-r-.r,.n -eric
low or madlu,~ Zntanalty, orj crr. r.,t.tlv-~17 ac--;- as a to-
sis tho "" of nutrition dov,lo~-! for sL=4.!nr
and deteril" A tentative twenty-four hour ration f~r a c-
Manaut in a followin;? nnnnir:
I Cal-ricitY Or rhtl-n -- 30CO Feel
2: Food compo.it..n. .) prot.ln. ilo ~-., of wh!.n
63 6z ar~ of animal dLrIv*CIon, b) rats v) E:1, ) -rbo.'~;-
drat.a -- 418 Sm, d) ml-ral sub.,~rxc3 ard vITt-s-.%. -- ZZ
3. Water -- 2200 Sm.

Th nutritive cmpoaltl~r. of the d,ily rntion miy
undergo s!me chan~-*3, par-tcularl.7 !n r~gnrd to the ratl~ of
rats to carbohydrates itotal ca2cric!ty r~~ainln~3 Intact).
However# until carorul anA stwllc3 have bear. ca-lur-
teds It Is hardly p1slible to hope :~r the P~ailblltty of a
substantial chanee In the rdtLo ar~ro nutritive sLibst~itw-i.
Thus, the total woteht or the dii2y rattan thould constit of
61;0 i= or dry ell%em:e Or h331MjlCbjc rood btlb3t~11003 Znd A;-
proxinatoI7 2200 gm or mtar.
Lino or considerable Jmpor-ArT- -.a a hurmn'3 1141-
rounded d1at, are the quality of ;,roducts. th~tr t.,zte,
features, conot3tancy# mnnnor of CJllrar-;l PMPAVationo otc.
A hLricnla Individual p4cullarltica, h!3 habits and I.-.-
oltnatlow should mt, be Ignoril. in the cc.7poaLtian of the
road ration designii for the eiet of oczaronauts ror nany
yoirs. lJnd.r the mnr~toaous ccrditictis or r11-ght wl".h Imitwd.
InCornatlon and a snarp rodu~zton of stimulL azA
voriqd ard tr3ty Coo~~ may hu- su'.jtcrtju.' a1C..jr1cpncQ in
atimillatir'K the Psychic and phy--Ict2 t4no of the ortt'jn!371.
Therefore, In dvveloplr.~, z73tens for 3,faeuard!il,~~ life
during prolonged space flIgnta, It 13 Adviarbl'i -a 31turt rr..m
the necessity of' makIne the food rat!on as close us poiiltlz
to the optl::um. A*a=!nZ that the su,~gaLtud rit!on fully I-
tinflas the vnargy Ins3es or the c~s~.onau~s ard
Clipht no continuoua accumulation or body w,.Irht or
tial roorOmAzWon Lr the blolc~rlcbl structure of arri,nz zr4
ti .z take plnc., it Is po.nltll~ to calculate . hum." p-
fxchanga with surriziint accur.c7.
For exanple, for oxlditl~n e~r t1- road sut-tan-a In
th- ratio. 632.8 liters 0,12.25 i~r.) of ox:f,-..n I,., be r-
?Ulr.d, While 566.5 1---rs (1,121.67 g~~) or C,rbon di-td.
respiratory, courficient 0.51~)' and fipprox!r~talw 340 ar
'Ater will be 91Y.. off.
The &bovo f1gurva may unlcrr- subntant"I
periodically. Ho-,.vvr, In the b,l.-.. -rived
after a consld.rabl. P'rl.d CC tr,,o. riu-tu~tt-n~
should level out.
For excrnple, Er. or!-jr L~ mn4ntaln hu.,..~n life arA -r' ,
fitness dupirZ 3p.~co fl*-.,htp ~14C F.~ or fully
(dry weight), 22Lvi V- of wnter, vrd 6,~Z j,,n of oa~;,,
~a wit I
required da*ly.
Consuquuntly, Ir, order to 3uztttn a crow of five
a throe-Y--cr cosmic Jv~vn~y, th~ w-t&t or the :upply or o2~-
g.n. wrtor, rnd rood should b~ ot 11-st 1-7 tor.3. Actuilly.
this an3unt w1ll-bo C~nsldoruhly 1L.-Cir on noccunt of tn,,
watqht of packing. sr-c*al st~r~i:u facilltids, control d~-
Vices* atc.

Tho crcat!on Of a pirtir-I or ccmploto rov,-jnjr&tIva
cycle of s ub stun a. In thu Cttin3 Of 3P1;CNt,1IP2 can sub:tnn-
tsully M. ,.c. th is w-Ylght wu!, sooethir%,3 vory import-nt, on.
.r.-130 its dupandancy upon thi 4urjtjOn or tho apacu rJ4,01*.
T.t., Mliantion or such a cycle Is compl.tely possible thro,jr,,h
th. utilization or the radlnrt 4rwrgy of thi sun.
- The ra&IL%ation or a canplatu reennarittya cycle or
.*tar can have the greatest effoct. At the arno time tho so-
,.t son or this pr~blun unecurrcri a mInInum of difficulty and
does not require any cmr.11-tod or c~borscmo oquLpmont,
PW17 approprinta huro are "rlcu3 phybicrl nrwi phygico-chomi-
o2l in, thods 01.%tilIntion wnd,r nomnI or ruducod pre2sum,
0lactroozm3sing purification by tcn-oxchmn~v angina, etc.).
51n.c. the wa!ght or a d.ily drinkirr_ actor supply to 2200 gm
per pcraon, tt:o adventagus nru obvIuu3.
The rualiatIon of an Oxygen cycle prcsont3 con3ldcr-
ably grun t~r dirr to uitica. 4ow,~er. this problem cin also
be a. Iad by applying ft nu^t-~ of phystc.1 and no-
thods.
The phatolytic dac=7!asIt1cn of efirbon dIOALdo by hird
ultr.vlol at on copper and othor catalyzvr3 to or unquostIon-
able Int.r.Ct.
Vor-j promising are stud!t;3 In the rtnid of uiactmiy-
sla (or pyrolycls) of wraor, cILh sub3"unnt Inturictinn b~t-
wam hydroiren and carbon dLoildv. Under curtnIn condtlvoi,
a
a r :ult of this vonctt2n, xyg.n rey -h. Inltl~l
.u ct or the abovu r,bct tor. -- 0. rbon dtuxtdn rn.1 watvr --
pr~,
are the and products of motub3lism, end tho .-ount or cx7e~ti
%crIch cmn te dcrivcd from thL, exceeds n,jcis.
fares Oxy.,ron ragonurntLon vl= pLysicul end ch,-mlcnl -th-43
can t:4-v place In 0 clozvd cycIv.
Unquastionnbly pro.-azliv, In tn1a cunsic,tion pa 4tuitqa
of biochmIcal co-weritonz, u-ItCh t6kc pl-o in n larFo ntz~bvr
of anncroble bnctvric~ an a r~lult Of whieh hydrogv-n an-1 er.--
be.-. dicildo ore absorbed ro.1 wv.-,~cn Is gIv,n off.
By offectin7 th~ rvr-n-otlon of' oxy.;~:n In th~ h-m-
t!cnII7 mnled embins or st-c-!,Ip5, it In posiihIc t~ f~cj-
1-tato substertlr.Ily the sal-jin.- of thv of prolc,~,I
sp3co rllghtfi, Includirle rllghti to the r-35t adj%c,nt P I r.-, t a
of the soltr system.
This ho.",r is wt yet the completo solution to t1,.,
pr.blc - 0r Lo's Cxiatcrc,: In co~-.Ic spice, vIrio,
th~ po-zin In duritIon of sp-c rl-Eht is IImILmd by t.-.,, 3xii.1.1y
or food mbourl the spac,ship.
Amore complate ""'.!cr. of tr-!3 Prubl" It's in tl"
r.alizntion or Tatolk-ovakly's idum concuminF th, cr-t.4,-.,
of a closud ecoloetcml anvlron,-~~nt In th~ catjIns of ap-o-

hi Interplanetary st%tiOnzo and on spactally erected
tr-PU.3"..O,o,*s on plerlat3. Th,s deal3tva In the rcaltxatl~n
:
0C this Idea Is a ccmplati re,-.anurittlon of r~~d wLtn fullest
utillratlon of human vital -tet!vIty products.
It In theoretically pos,ltla to InseLne the pa3sibi.
Itt'Y of 3olvi ng the probien or its fe-ling of cox,~nnm,,%ts by
Means CC the artificial synthesis or cartahy,1rat.a, f3ts, and
amirioncida from carbon dLoxidep water, arr-inta, urea. and
other and products Of VidtAtFOILS41. Fornaldehyda, nctftano~ &:-,d
other substances famed upon the extrect 1=3 or oA7,,,, on Cron
water and carbon dioxide Can serve on Intime-liato altmenta
of the reactions.
More attractive In this respect Is the m*tho-d or chml.
Cal synthesis or the necessary predecessors of the basic nu-
tritiVe substances and their- subsequent a--3tmlla-~Ean by nicro-
org~nlmmn or by means of o-knr types of bio5y%tho.ls. The
products of blosynthesim th*4- developed car. ar.31.1y bo *Xtroc-
tod and utilized for a balmnced dint for coon-naut3.
The scientific research In this field Is axtraordinu-
rIly Intartating and pro-tlslr.,,. lt go%* beyonj thj bowi~a or
space bilo&7 problzm3 ard, has unqvezt4-.rabIy &Sgnt-
f1ccnco.
ho.ov*r, th. difficulties strndtlre In the .-.7 of a.-
COMP116hing this task Cannot be 1rticrod. It con h,;rdly bo
proS~ed that the Synthesis of rood rrodu:t3 fmn
ub%tanctz can be schiovvd In thu v-j ~-r.,Ar Nt~r~. Aj~T nrlnt -
3
03t nell.
1y, the r. r zt1C way or uztGb11vh1n,; a clai-A cyc or
subotancos Lr the m.thod of mproco.Ll.n ~n . s.-11 accl. of
the basic V,rlrclplum on which r-La the tootu-n
4= and his rptural cnvlro"~nt o- ~rrth.
The ttsV consists tniorly of stlic-r.Z fr~. tne Intri-
Cato ayst= of these natur4lily complex these
which can be nast orricianty utnizod wittnn ti,, itnitoa
space of a apncezhip cobir, a.~,l tb~zu which 'a,ild J-3t re-
r1cot ahortconIngs and would rcccl,~v the offcct of
the advantarca, or sp~cv flipnl.
or grontost Interu3r~ In thla r,z;~ct Is th, ph~.o
aynth.als of' green plants, h.'ch b.-In.,,s tz~ut th,
or organic matter from t117 ene! Pr-:Lct3 ~r Arol
metabolism.
.%t present, the attent'lon of blolaCI.3tm 13 b~lnj drn~n
nest or all to th4 utillmat'on --f tho ~r Uf;t-
cellular &2&zo for tho rvq,n~r,t1,r, or ~!r !001. The od-
rantarcs of the use of unical I-jlnr r1roo or- th. h1i:h
coafficlunt of their utlllz%ticr. of nalnr tu,! th, r-
sibility Of athi~vlnr a rolit'vely canitni.t -te ~f acc=a1u:
Istlon of or&antc mittur a "m11 or 3u.p,n3lo.,

providing a sh.~rt voiatntion g_-I,~d -.1 % multiplicity of
apualmons. which aru In vl_iow~ zt:c-o jrda., I
tr n 1, t I
-5s0 " a ry 41 k* p I rr..nd he a re%L~zt:rxu
that pr!.t Icril , the orI bi aIof unlcollu2n'r can
be utilized for hunan r~utrltio I och. .0 a of
-he t n1c.1 %d 4n'.,u,
uttltzirZ *.hi aleno are cbvt,.u3 tth~, po4tIbII.t7 of moximcn.
afflci~nt utilization of C%bln spac,o, uvtn distributim of'
Ile ht~ ata.).
In ardor to establish a nutrit4o".1 s7at.;m ~atisrj!rz
to the "x inum dogruv the ;1h7%!sIoS1cft' nceds of a h~~&n or-
gani-mo ,t is noce3sary to con.:uct studIva -Stroctod it a3c~r-
taining tho Possibility or Inclucing h!rh- plants and cniztals
In the c1 a, ad rvgdnar&rjv* c7cia or sub;txrcos In the ca*ln
or a Spec "hip. This would n=kc it poiillblt to 4pproxImato,
to a Substantinl dogroo, tho coar,~nrut m -10n to tho naturv.1
one on on . a
rthTh. solut',n to thI_- pr ~,ltm W-11 unqu.atlan-
ably raquiro the oftort~ or a large n~v%b,.r or act.,atific re-
search g roup3, but tha n,vit~!ty or those studio, is totally
obvloua.
1111LIC UXAMIntng the pra3;~ctc of rutur~ rllrht,
it
in Imp 011 Ible to avoid th1%;(irq atcut tho protlen or th, poa-
MIbLIL tIva or tha occurrunto of QXtr-o cvr.4.t'vnm durIn',-
flight andthe ship's crew bairx sutjec"d to 3~ 21ro-on-
durigaring Zttrnal innuenza or ix~,rlvnclr~ a cutm~strormic
insufricioner of oxyeen, wit~r# or food.
Ono solutton to tho pratItn n!rht bo a zub3tnntlnl r-
duction in m.tabolic procei3~., ;~ztt!n,, a man Into a stnto
close -0 C~bloalz. The 3o-rcc r.-r, and th- devjl~pm,nt of,
a M.thod for a controlnblo 3--tj c1c3e to or loth-
are-y and c rtiriciall" prod-'Cbl. ct an7 =~:'~nt' pre-
sonts a complox, llnt~mmtlne, =.4, moreover, ex-ap"maily
Impor-r.nt precticr.1 probIrm.
Th. t,.ka confronting zsptc. blolo.:y cann-t *~ -1--d
without dQvjIQp1ng near's far -Cur4y~z cc-raz~ ln~-:~I-
conccmtnp inaic*tors or -na vitr, tctivity or
Rnptd progroas in the dt*c'plin,.z rcl~td to spmca
such n2 autc-tion, r&diodIjctrcr._*c3, cy-~rn~tics, -.1 oi.6~r
branches or knowludea, cr-tes fn-r"lo car Zhia
purpo3oi, contrast to ntudius t~lr~v. cor4~du-~d by tinlo:!i3ts,
an earth# cry mcn3ur-~ntn ta;mn a,_rlng fl!;~;t ar, llra-! w!th
tho necessity or trArsmIttil~e t.'%j Infnmxtl~n nl-~ r,-~dlowlc-
=*trio lines. r Thus, bt.10;1a,' t1I-1tr7 to tht -.%t-f
or Investigation and the -r~.A of c~ntrol--.S ~nt r,celv%r.",
scientific Inromntion durirv, zp~ce rIlCht.
The uze or rAdIatcli-try affixes a :p~cpl- 3t,_np up-
on the :mothods and technics or biological

princip3l tasks of the biolo~ista rrA the er,?In,ijrs W'~rklna
In this field are th,, -f r-w PI61t,:-s -- co-.rt-2
0f physiological end blolo~lu~l -rdIcr-or3 Into electric
the duvclopmcnt or au-cm,ticany ryixtioriLmg a:r3t,:=-- for the
oparativa coi.trol or any blala~lTrll cbjqcts or coronnut3 dur-
Ing ritaht, end thu further tnertrduction or computer orelnecr-
Ing for th4 proe:43*Ing a.' aelanti.'11C data.
With ru Incronso In tha d~ratlon And rnned or c=:,tto
flights In connection with th~ ";,.Cted docronso In th') ctpz-
-ity of rtdio channQla, th~ro urls- tho rrrblem or tho AU-0-
natic procts.1ne or bIolQjvIcr.1 --board tho 3p.,Cc-
ship loading the gcnurelizud r~zults not Only In the rndlo
Lino, but also In the ship's CaMrOl 3y3tVft. In connection
with this, the" 4rio *3 the n,,costilty of !~V-31rg n.thoJa or
Informatton-codinZo settln~ up r--tion%I al?oryt".3 for Its
antlyalso and davaloping s~all-sizjd, aoor.~-tlcal# anct rullablo
electronic dleital computers which will P~M-Et th'j solution
of madico-blologicil prQblons. conn-,etad with th,. a-fodunrd'rc.
or cosmic flights.
Recent brilliant suc"-33.3 in scittnc. bni t.chnal..Ty
permit us to proceed with the plnrx~dj oya--nntic study and
Mn3tQry Of C03AIC Space.
Poma and C~ndttlnns or FYtr.~terr,,3-r!nI Ltro
(Exabl-l- )
Thatstu~y of the pr,,--onc ud the p,,cult-aritio* or
IIvInZ =t or rid organic substrnt- In specs 13 Lnelu,163 In
the task of spnc. btol.C7.
Various hypothwavs cor--crnlr-.~ the exlzten- or ltvlrG
n2ttor on celestial bodies of th~ 3olor nisten. and thi unt-
Vasa as a whole hnvt r~ceivad rrt~~;r brail r..nown. Unrortu-
astoly, uxzct 4-.t. In this rcxpoct ar~ vary
The Ideq of a llro-zon~ w.-.-.!n th~ Limits of tho 3o1rr
.13t~n -- the vcojph~ro or thi sun -- app-rod as a 3-ulos-
quant dcv,IoFn,r,t jr..V.TV zor.c,;.t.'or. of the
e3rth's blonph%,.re.
From the asiur%ption that or,;rric l!ra baj,A upon eotr-
ban cot~poundz Is pop..iEbl, nt t~.;-rrturoa of +ttOo to -70",
It to posalble to sInj;Ia out tin rr- or on,,c~. ioo~.toa nt n
distanco or 92 r.111ton to 275 mIllion k1I,-,-or3 rrt;.% th,,
sua. W'thIn this &oati th-rw r-ro thr- pltin,t5: Venus,
and Mar., the earth beir.4 lo"t,e r--n~ttt in th~ thj:n:tl c,::,-
ter of thoyccojgh~ra. Its avcr--,-,o annual ten,-ratura 13,1
proximotal ~14 . ul-Ale that of Vchus is approximntcly
and that or Kars cpproxInataly -,e-30.
9

All the pmblem of tha existence of
life on. rv0tians Cro-. e-rth have vncoun-
tared Zro "t dirricullties. On, Y reae.;tly' ovlzra" to thl use or
Infrared spectroscopy nee It boon possible to d
ns Of the Place. (the sc-CsIled "Sea" Is".;.!. a., the
dark .,I.
9POctrft. Con:1darod cherm_tar1.t1, flr ), absorption
blOloitLoal origin. Zen!,:
Naturally, the direct proo
Of lire on this planet and. a tj Or existence
Or-, the Jnvqst1Z.Lt!O, or
Its properties, would b.c"o po
11th the object or study. 841blo upon direct contsc.
Recently. fl-1-11 Attention has been AttrAc-ad by a study
aof the Cc"PO3itIOJM Or carbonic -%eteorjt,,. I' has be.. d.~On.
crated. that coat or theme not.orites are soluble in
$'JlvQntW, a" th3z they contain r. high parcont~&* of c,,tol
'and 07-YEOn- The analysis of t-.~a carbo'._
.to
substrr.co Of the Orgaille materof.. !c
or h1drocrrbon, which are 010sol pa.-Atted the d.toctnn
and tho an -7 related to %cir
Alz-ptlon of the oxistor I pro.-lucts,
genie PrOC68343. co or extrr.-*rrc3tP,r1 uio-
r!loro are Indications PO1nt-'-'.e to the d*toQtJon of or-
ganic ocxip=ndJ and nic"acopic OrEc"IsM3 Of 'At.-n-t-rr-otrial
origin Ln the mass or '.he 60-I'llsd ~~ur--e7
n ove lusting such find4nps,
be exercised. At the memo - , r4'xGfo- =4 caution shculd
closest '1~1& these fIr-i!tVZm lu$ervo the
a ttontlO% An-1, whtt Is Mcst LMportftnt, tt,,i7 point; out
ons or the ==I Cr-altrul notho-Is or ox2otoiosoa iniezigotions.
New possibilities In th-s dlr~ctlcn are ballrk~: Opened
by tho hchieverients of co-,o~.utic3 Y-nd the of
cosmic scientific fitetlons is in ;rca;:ict. ?Irst I-n pr~spoct,
evidently$ to an oxplAnnt!nn or t -ne pri2once In c~dOc 3a~ca
of the sl=;!Ioat forns of lire, the Pro.
cosmos And the substrata, those olmiler to what wo cnzouGtcr
on sarth ra well as those difr~rent rren tho= '
Until recently, there h~d boon only in this
score, oncne which Synnta Arrorluv$s thiory of trnn:zpir~:',
enjoyed the gra~ta3t popul%rLty.
Among a number of objoctlnns~ tuo are the ~~3- so.-ciu3t
the damseizZ orract of rnd1ftt.0r. Pn(; th~ ~b-..ro of n otalkile
natural "ccnrntan which eo~ild h,lp tri-3 .;mrox t,, rv*trz~- the
forces or E:r,-Ity.
la,vtrtk~le%3, the r~itlts or Inhorntory Per-
wit us ti rAbumo thnt none very resistant opor1c rui- of :%I-
nAy exist In coanic s;-co rrA mnintaln &C-
tiviLy by mIrrating fron oni colu3tirl body to snothor# for
wx~nplo' In the composition c.~ zotororlc p.Articloa.
Extra-torrostrlal micronrg~n!3ms could adapt tha.~s~lvcs
to unu3t:r.I conditions of rroo apcco by dovoloplnZ dlofenmlvo
10

W, *-'---,----0----
divices rnd o sh0rp r4ductio, in or vartatlan or forms or
Int,rac tion wit h tho onviror-unt. In connactIon ~Iith this#
It 13 lnttroatlrg to souty the possibility or the aXjS'.e-co
0, torrostrirl roms or itro nd their wty3 or adtptaticn. to
t~.aonditions on other P Inn0t3, Thoro 13 oApor.'~_rt~l ovi-
donc a thAt cartrin ennorobLc and cor-lit-lennIly Ani.rooic =.I-
.roo rgotorm are able to rdipt thenvolves &a the cindltion~
which are pr.sumz.1 to ~zllt or -!or-.
An Inventlgetion of the pri*lo= ccrxornir~, the =tent
to which those conditions are bamrable ror corwrar; plznt3s in
p3rtlcular lichen and mass wo%ld be vo-., Interesting,
It Is baco-Line more and %are evident thrt the condi-
tions or cosmic pace do not rdC03scrIly have to land to the
dl.,~,.tl.n or thu simplest r,pras~ntatl.vea of the organic
world of the earth nnd# evon liss so# to thi distr~uct!on or
org=io mrttor. In this cannuctinn thire &risen a problem
or extreme thoorotjc~l and practIcnI lnpcrtxn~o: the proven-
tion or uncontrolled drifting or tarrostrinl car,3 or lira
and oreanlc mnttar to other colostirl bodies, as wall fts the
drifting or unusuAl forms or life to tsio orrth.
Lxtromair attractive to blolcgista will b3 tho pr~as-
pacts for comparing the foras or ll:~ or biz~!onlc prod-~=t3,
detectable in space with thoaa on "rth. This co,,inrLson
wIll make it possible to aseartrin the miture of crvl~tlo.% znd
the dovalo;:iont at itro in th4 unl-jsroo crd -a czm~lrn the
unity or the laws of th dov~lopm=t of livine,
It is C,137 to Soo that the dcvclo."-n- of si"co bio-
logy will not only serve the ni-na of int,rplanatar7 travol
and manis mastery or tho combos. :-. tho rctur~ aptc* blalcZy
will contribute to the form=1-n a: -h;~ most ecr*r~l c4=opts
of bioloFy rairtine to thq problems or itiro in c.-rri.
When wu turn to co"Ic space end to cdjasttrl bodlas,
we are orforad th,) JnrLhnustLbIo and izc~_par_-blo ;O34ib!llty
for the ruturu utilization Of -1ho onerj7 ris"rco,% of t"-^- "nl-
verse. To what degree it will prove possible --n! fc-cs-.1o to
utilize the n1nerml rosour-ea of cGlcsti~l bodt~s or cra;tn1c.
forms or nr-"r for tho naoda or cnr~h ~A 1.3 11=. CV.n,143
on pIrImts, It to ncodiu.s to nry, dIrficult to at rr.-
ant.
Itui:oovldant thattwo yshnIl obtain a dorlnit. tns~.r
'in the c0 r of ruturo a ud rod mnstor7 af spica.
Article rucaLvid by editors
20 J=. 1961
2471

GAZENM, 0. G., PARIN~ V. V.
"Soviet.Expertments Aimed at Investigating the Influence of the Space
Night Bacte* on the Organism of Animals and Man"
Soviet Papers Presented at Plenary Xeetings of Committee on Space Research
(COSPAR) and Third International Space S posium, Washington, D. C.,
23 Apr - 9 May (9 &~, -z_ 7m

VASILYEV, P. V., VOSKIESENSKIY, A. D. and GAZENKOI 0. G.
"Some Problems of Experimental Space Physiology"
report presented at the 13th Intl. Astronautical Federation Congress (IAF)
Varna, Bulgaria, 23-29 Sep 1962

Sj,qA~--Alt, 1%1-!.~ alkado-i'llik, glav. red.; CHM-tNIGOVSKIY, VX., al:ader:~..,
red.; FA~11311, V.V.) red.; L&MESm-, A.V., red.;
YAZi:CVSKIY', V.I.., doktor red. nauk, prof., red.; GAZIOIKO,
O.G., dokt.or biol. nauk, red.; GONCIUAVA, L.S.1, red. izd-
va; X70VA, T.P., tekhn. red.
[Problems of space b1oloalFroblezy hosmicheskoi biologii.
Pod red. U.M.Sisakiana. ~~onkva, Izd-vo Akad. naWc SSS'
Vol.l. 1962. 1*61 P. CxtariA 15::Lo)
1. Akadordya nauk SSSR. Utdoloniye biologiches)-ikh nauk.
2. Doyatvitel'M-y chlen Akaderiii meditsinskikh nauk SSSR
(for Parin, Lobedinakiy).
(SPACE BIDWGY)

SISAKYAN, N.M.;_qkZENKO,-O-G-,- GENIN, A.M.
Problems of space biology. Probl.kombiol. 1:17-26 162.
(MIRA 15t12)
(SPACE BIOLDGY)
- ~, -- :, ~- .. ~ c~-- ~, ~' ~- - - :,-
I - ., ~1- -1 - - 1 .1 1 - -- - ~: t , -

S/030/62/000/001/003/011
B105/B101
AUTHOR: Gazenkol-0. Go,-Doctor of Biological Sciences
TITLE: Some problems of space biology
PERIODICAL: kkademiya nauk SSSR. Vestnik, no..1, 1962, 30-34
TEXT: The General Assembly of the Otdeleniye biologicheskikh nauk kkademii
nauk SSSR (Department of Biological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences
USSR) met in Moscow from 3 to 5, 1961 to discuss problems of space biology.
Over 30 reports were made and three films shown. N. M. Sisakyan, V. V.
Parin, V. N. Chernigovskiy, and V. I. Yazdovskiy reported on "Problems of
space biology and physiology". In the report "Some general results of
medical and biological experiments on cosmic earth satellites", 0. G~
%Sazenko, A. M. Genin, and V. 1. Yazdovskiy discuseed the main results of
the biological experiments. The following three main problems exist at
present in space biology: (1) clarification of effect of extremum factors
of space on living terrestrial organisms; (2) elaboration of the biological
fundamentals of safeguarding space flight and life on other planets;
(3) investigation of the conditions and forms of life beyond the earth.
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3/03 62/000/001/003/011
Some problems of space biology B105YB101
The factors of spaceflight affecting living organism may be divided into
three groups: (1) overstrain, vibrations, engine noise, weightlessness;
(2) ultraviolet, infrared, and visible ranges of radiation, ionizing
radiation, concentration of gas and solid matter, temperature conditions,
etc.; (3) insulation, restricted space, peculiarities of the microclimate,
rhythm of life, nutrition, etc. The cosmonauts Yu; A, Gagarin and G, S.
Titov are mentioned, Under the effect of weightlessness, the two Soviet
cosmonauts felt a change of heart beat, dizziness, and sickness. The
effect of overstrain and protective measures are serious problems, Perfec-
tion of biotelemetry is of great importance for the development of space
biology. Lately, methods have been elaborated, permitting to study the
coordination of arbitrary movements of man and the blood supply to the
brains
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PARIN, V.V.; BAYEVSKIT~ R.M.; GAZENKO. M,
Problemn of biological telemetry. Probl.kosm.biol. 1:104-117 #62,
(MIRA 15tl2)
(AEROSPACE TELEW.TRY) (TEIDWER(PHYSIOLOGICAL APPARATUS))

GAZENKO O.G.; TAZDOVSKIY, V.I.; CHERNIGOVSKIY, V.N.
Medicoblological investigations in artificial earth satellites.
Probl.kosm.biol. 1:285-289 162. (MIRA 15:12)
(ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES) (SPACE BIOWGY-RESEARCH)

s/865/62/ooi/ooo/oi5/o33
L028/Ei85
AUTHORS: Antipov, V.V., Bayevskiy, R.M., Gazen1co, 0
Genin, A.M., Gyurdzhian, A.A., Zhultov-Verezlinikov, N.N.1
Zhuravlev, B.A., Karpova, L.I., Parfenov, G.P~,
Seryapin, A.D., Shepolov, Ye.Ya., Yazdov4;kiy, V,I.
TITLE: Some results of medical nnd biological investigations
in the second and third,satellites
SOURCE: Problemy kosmicheskiy biologii. v.l. Ed. by
N.M.Sisakyan. Moscow, Tzd-vo AN sssrt, 1962. ~,67-2811
TEXT: The maintenance of life conditions is discussed with
special reference to the second Soviet satellite. During the
flight the proportion of oxygen in the air of the cabin could be
maintained at 21 to 24%, whereas the relative humidity rose from
37 to 47'19'- The temperature ranged from 16 to 190C. Water and
food were p rovided together in a mixture solidified with agar, in
order:to fa cilitate automatic dispensing in conditions of weight-
lessness. This was carried out twice daily by command signals
from Earth. Telemetric. recording of the physiologicalparameters
of the dogs Belka and Strelka during space flight showed the
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s/865/62/001/000/015/033
Some results of inedical ... E028/E185
occurrence of tachycardia as.a result of acceleration, noise and
vibration; there was also a rise in the respiration rate: a return
to normal pre-flight values occurred during the condition of
weightlessness. Movements of the animals were observed by
television ca*moras and also by potontiometric sensors mounted in
the harness. No abnormalities were observed in the behavior of
the animals after return to earth or during the following 3 months.
It was concluded from the experiments carried out in the second
satollite that dogs could readily be accustomed to space flight
conditions. Genetic changes were noted in the progeny of
actinomycetes, plant soods and fruit flios after return from space
flight. The.third space satellite contained two dogs (Pchalka.
.and Mushka), two guineapigs, two rats, twenty six mice, fruit flies,
seeds and other biological materials .-7hich were included in order
to study tho'effects.of cosmic radiation. The results are not
described.
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s/865/62/001/000/019/033
E028/EJL85
AUTHORS: -Gazonko O.G., and Georgiyevskiy, V.S.
TITLE. Preparation of the animal for the experiment
SOURM Problemy koamichaskoy bioldgii. v.1. Ed. by
.4.M..Sisakyan. Noscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962. 321-327
TEXT: ~Oogs are considered to be the most suitable animals for
space flight.~experiments; they should be croBa-bred males, not
more than 6,;;tS in weight and aged 1-5 -~6 years. The animals are
first accustimed to confinement for 20 days in cages of gradually
decreasing s-~izej the final one being 54 x 41 x 20 cm. They are
then adapted to existence in a hermetically sealed container 64 cm
in diameter and 80 cm long containing all the zrquipment necessary
during space flight. The procedure was used in selecting the dog
Layka, which subsequently underwent a successful space flight.
There are,2 rigures.
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s/865/62/001/000/020/U33
E028/E185
AUTHORS: Gazenko O.G., Gyurdzhian A.A., and Zakharlyev, G.A.
TITLE: A sanitary appliance in a space capsule
SOURCE: Problemy kosmicheskoy biologii. V.1. Ed. by
X.M. Sisakyan. Moscow. Jzd-vo AN sssR. 1962. 328-335
TEXT: 'rhe authors have developed a sanitary appliance to be
worn by dog.-, during space flights. It consists of a one-piece
garment of ..,ubberized fabric adjustable by straps, with appropriate
holes for- tae head, limbs and tail. The rear end is provided with
an obturating ring which fits closely around the pelvis. A tube-
like extension leads from this to a fixed tank in which the urine
and facces are collected separately. The applianeG functioned
satisfactorily and was well tolerated in 20-day laboratory
experiments; it was subsequently used on the dog Layka during an
actual spac,3 flight.
There are 6 figures.
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s/865/62/001/000/021/033
F,028/E185
AUTHORS: Gazenko, O.G., and Gyur;dzhian, A.A.
TITLE: Fixation of an animal Jn a space capsule, a fabric
harness, and the arrangement of sensors for the
r-ecording of physiological functions
SOURCE: Problemy kosmicheskoy biologii. v.l,, Ed. by
N.M. Sisakyan. Moscowt Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962. y16-344,
TEXT: 'A fabric harness for affixing sensors to the body of a
dog during space flight has been developed.. It consists of two
.pieces which fit over the head and.forelimbs and hindquarters
respectively, and are joined by siraps. A pocket in the neck
piece accommodates the sensor forrecording pulse rate and arterial
pressure. The harness is fixed to the surroundings with chains
'which permit free movement of the-'animal while at the same time
preventing traction on the sensor,*leads. It was well tolerated
for periods of up to 20 days, and was used on the dog Layka
during the second space flight.
There are 8 figures. Ok Card 1/1

BAIAlgiOVSKIY, I.S.; GAZENK0. O-G.; GYURDZHIAN, A.A.; GENIN, A.N.;
KOTOVSKAYA., A.R.; SERYAPIN, A.D.; YAZDOVSKIY, V.I.
Results of investigations in an artificiol satellite. Probl.
koom.biol. 1:359-370 162. (MIRA 15:12)
% '(SPACE FLIGHT.-POSIOLOGICAL EFFECT)

MDSKALENKO, Yu.Ye.; BAYMKIY, R.M.; GAZENNO, O.G.
Methods of studying blood circulation in the brain under the
conditions of a changed gravitational field. Probl.kosm.biol.
1:400-404 162. (MIRA 15:12)
, (GRAVITY-PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT)(ERAIN-BLOOD SUPPLY)

AUTHORS:
S/216/62/000/006/002,/002
A004/A127
Gazenko, O.G. ',_Limanskiy, Yu.P., Razumeyev, A.N.,, Izosimov, G.V.,
-Mr-anov,, V.I., Chichkin, V.A., Gaydamakln, N.A.
TITLE: Method of registering the action potentials of neurons of vestibular
nuclei upon adequate stimulation of vestibular receptors in the cat
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Serlya biologicheskaya, no. 6,
1962, 925 - 928
TE'A"r*. The studies carried out were aimed at regiotering the action poten-
tials of Individual neurons of vestibular nuclei, particularly of the Deuters nu-
cleus, during a motionless position of the animal and the reaction of these neu-
rons on a stimulation of the vestibular apparatus during a vertical passive dis-
placement of the animal. The tests were conducted on 17 cats on which action po-
tentials of more than 500 neurons in the area of-vestibular nuclei were regis-
tered. The authors describe the test conditions and the special test stand on
which the animals were placed. The data obtained-are being analyzed at present.
Of the action potentiils of 500 neurons registered, 6 groups of nerve cells were
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OMWW000100610021002
Method of registering the action potentials of .... A004/A127
separated, which were grouped according to the following symptoms: 1) Increase
in the background rhythm in stimulating the receptors - 439 cells; 2) slowing
down of the background rhythm - 20; 3) increase in the background rhythm when
moving the platform downwards - 14; 4) increase In the background rhythm when
moving the platform upwards - 7; 5) neurons detecting the restoration of' the.
background rhythm after motion sickness - 70; 6) neurons not detecting the re-
storation of the background rhythm in the period after motion sickness - 397.
51 neurons did not show any response to the stimulation of receptors. There are
2 figures.
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Ot,

GALEWW', dAtor bloiov~ioi't-iklkli willk
Biologiots enter fipace. IiJn. nat. 1.26-28 0 162.
(splic-I ~~i .-

SISAVAN, N.M. [Sisakyan, N.M.];,_~~~IIKOt D.G.; GHEVIN, A.M. [Genin, A.M.]
.
Some problems of casmic biology. Analela biol 16 no.2:3-11
Mx%4P 162,

PARIH, V.V.; GAZENKO, O.G.; YAZDOVSKIY,, V.I.
Possibilities of protective adaptation of the body and the l1r4ts
of adaptation in conditions of raximal overstrain and the state of
weightlessness. Vest.AW SSSR 17 to-4:76-81 162. WRA 3-5:8)
(ADAPTATION (PffSIOLOGr) (SPACE- MEDICINE) (WEIGHTLESSNES.9)
5

Gk M KOV 0. G., doktor biologicheakikh nauk
Five days that shook the vorld. Nauka i shisn' 29 no.912-U
S 162. (MA 15:10)
1. Chien redaktaiannoy kollegii zhurnala "Nauka i shizn".
(space medicine)

- GAZEBKO, 01,, doktor biologicheakilch nank; GENDI, A., doktor biologicbeskik-h
hadic; YAZDOVSKIY, V., doktor misd.nauk .
Physiological studies on "Vostok-2.0 kv.i koam. 45 no.7:29-
34 162. (Space perception) (KMA 15-8)

GAZMO, 0. G.; RAZZUU17W, A. 1. ; PARIN, V. V.;
n Responses of the Central Nervous System on the Action of Some Factors of the Space FlIght.8
Report submitted for the 12th Jkxropsan Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine. 1-_5 Oct
1963, Rome, Italy.

GAZENW-j, O.G.
Soviet progress in bioastranauties.
Pleport to be submitted for the fourteenth International
Astronautical Federationg Paris, France# 25 Sept-1 Oct 63

GAZFAIKO) 0,, doktor biolog, nuuX
Space reveals its secrets. Hn. nat. no-4:18-21 Ap 163.
(~U.RA 16:7)
Ustronautics) (Sptae biology)

AZ 11r. 972-36 21 may
Z,~ZFECTS OF AN ALTERED GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ON THE VESTIBULAR
APPARATUS (USSR)
Vinnikov, Ya. A., Q__Cu_QZge
jlkQ,.: L. K. Titova, and A. A. Bronshteyn. IN:
Ak-ademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya biologicheskaya, no. 2, Mar-Apr
1963, 222-231. S/216/63/000/002/003/004
Morphological and histochemical studies of the receptor cells of the utricle
and the neurons of the vestibular ganglia of guinea pigs and cats were made
while the animals were in a state of relative rest and after exposure to trans-
verse radial accelerations of 1.5. G for 30 min, 3 G for 10 min, and 10 G for
3 min. Accelerations of 1.5 to 3 G caused an increase in acetylcholine es-
terase activity in the synapse regions and a slight decrease in the cytoplasmic
RNIA content of the receptor cells of the utricle. Accelerations of 10 G brought
about a sharp drop in the cytoplasmic RNA content of the receptor cells of the
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AP.11r. 972-36 21 may
EFFECTS OF AN ALTMD GRAVITATIONAL FIEW [Cont1d] S/216/63/000/002/003/004
utricle and of some neurons of the vestibular ganglia, decreased the total pro-
tein and protein functional groups, and lowered the activity of oxidative enzymes
in the mitochondria and the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the s y nap a e
regions.' Acceleration-induced changes in RNA distribution were generally
more pronounced in guinea pigs, than in cats. Restoration of the amount and
activity of these biochemical substances began several hours after exposure
to 10 G and was complete 12'to 14 days later. [AB)
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