SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GAPONENKOV, T.K. - GAPONOV. A.V.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000514310010-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 99
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 19, 2001
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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T. and IIA.
Obituary in Prof. I.D. Buromskiy,
Hic!*0biologiya. Vol. 22. No. 3, P. 359, 1953.

FD 299
USSR/Biology
Card 1/1
Author : Gaponenkov, T. K.
Title : The splitting of the pectin substances of plants by microorganic enzymes
Periodical : Mikrobiologlya, 23, 317-321, May/Jun 1954
Abstract : In order to determine the conditions favorable to the splitting of water
adluble-pectin and@pectose'found_in the pulp of-the roots of sugar beets
and the composition of the pectose, experiments were carried out with the
pectin-decomposing enzymes formed by a culture of Aspergillus niger.
Pectose was found to be a heterogenous complex substance, the fermentative
splitting of which was not consistent. The ash elements which entered into
the composition of the pulp increased the stability of the pectose and
caused it to split more slowly. It was concluded that the decomposition of
pectose by the action of microorganic enzymes into galacturonic acid is a
complicated process which depends on the composition of the pectose. Three
tables, three graphs. Eight Soviet references.
Institution : The Voronezh Agricultural Institute
Submi@ted : April 29, 1953

USSR/Physiology of Plants. Respiration and Metabolism I-1
Abs Jour Ref Zhur-BioloGiya, No 2, 1958, 5605
Author T, _K..,..Gaponenkov
Inst Voronezh Agricultural Institute
Title On the Distribution of Pectin Substances in the
Root of Sugar Beet
Orig Pub Sakharnaya svekla, 1956, No 10, 3G-A7
Abstract The largest quantity of pectin substances vias
found in the head and the little tail of the
root of sugar beet; the smallest quantity was
found in outer cover layer of the root itself.
Sacchariferous varieties contained less pectin
substances than normal and harvested varieties.
During the su-,ar accummulation period the trans-
formation of pectin into pro"Clopectin was noted.
The work was carried out at the Voronezh Agri-
cultural Institute.
Card 1/1

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35

GAPONE14KOV T
Biosynthesis of pectic substances in Plants [with su=ary in
Bnglish]. -6iokhimiia 22 no-3:565-567 My-Je '57. (MIRA 10:11)
1. Voronezhakiy sellskokhozyaystvennyy institut.
(PECTIC SUBSTABOSS) (SUGAR BENTS)

,r-ffect of sexual And asexual hybri@lization of hnrd
on the chemical com-mitioa nzf the i:rnin. Dokl.AkAd.:;,,-I' 72
, '.'7
no.Q:16-18 '57.
1. Voronezhakiy se1'skokhozvaystvenr*,y insIvitut,
akademikon I.V, Tn;mshkin5,rj.
(Wheet breedine)

GAPONMEDV, T.K.,- PROTSIMO, Z.1.
Pectins of sunflover heads. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; pishch. tokh.
n
ai4
o. 347 158. (MIMA 1118)
1; Voroneshokly sellskokhosMetvamW institut, Iaboratoriya orgar.
nichookoy khisli; '
(pectin) (Sunflovers)

GAMUMIKOV, T.K.; KJKHORTOT, U.N.; STANISIAVSKAYA, T.K.
Wfoct of annual plants on thn accumulation of organic matters
and soil structure. Zemeledelie 6 no.1:23-26 ja 158. (MIRA 11:1)
1. Voronezhakiy oellskokhozyaystvennyv institut.
(Soil physics) (Sudan grass)

GAPONENKOV. T.K.; FROTSMO, Z. I.
Properties of the Amflower pectin d"nding on the method of its
extraction. Zhur. prikl. khIm. 31 no-2:319-321 F 158. (MIDA Ilt5)
1. Idboratoriya orgwaicheskoy khimii Voronezhokogo sel'sko-
khozyayetTennogo instituta.
(Sunflowers) (Pectins)

PROTSBIW, Z.I.; GAPONWOV, T.K.
Gelatlon of pectin of sunflower heads. Izv.vyo.uchob.zav.;
pishch.tekh. no.3:146-149 .'59- (MIRA 12!12)
1. Voronezhskiy sel'okokhozyaystvenny7 institut. Laboratoriya
nrgatiicbeskoy kbimil.
(Pectins) (Sunflowers)

AUTHORS: Gaponenkov, T.K.9 Abros'kina, S.A. SOV/80-32-2-54/56
TITLE: Investigations of the Albumens of Winter Rye (Issledovaniya
belkov ozimoy rzhi)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii, 1959, Vol MII, Nr 2,
PP 465-467 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Winter rye of the new type "Voronezhskaya SKhI11 was tested on
the experimental field station of the Voronezh Agricultural
Institute. The data of the Tables 1 and-2 show that the con-
tent of the different albumen fractions is higher than in the
rye type "Lisitsyna". Considering its Droductivity and quality
it can be reoommended for.the Central Chernozem Zone of the
USSR.
There are 2 tables and 4 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONs Voronezhskiy sellskokhozyaystvennyy institut (Voronezh Agri-
cultural Ins-;itute)
SUBMITTEDs January 20, 1958
Card 1/1

GhPO]MUKOV, T.K.; STANISTAVSUTA, T.K.; IVAWOVA, Z.A.
Preparation of araban from sugar-beat pulp with the use of
lonites. Zbur.pr1kl.kh1m. 33 no.2:494-496 7 160.
(14M 13-5)
1. Laboratoriya organichaskoy khimii Voronozhakogo sell-
skokhozyaystvannogcP institute.
(Araban) (Ion exchange)
ift

> I E I > 2u(V / I -@I) 112 are valid. It is also possible
to build up threedi9ensional potential wells of unidimensional
and two-dimensional potential wells. There are 3 referencess
2 of which are Slavic.
ASSOCIATION: Gor'kiy Obs* Qdversity - (Gorlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy
universitet)
SUBMITTED: October 15, 1957
AVAILABLE.- Library of Congress
Card 3/3

AUTHORS Miller, 1,1,. A. SOV/56-34 - 3- 36/55
TITLE. on the Use of Moving High-Frequency Potential Wells for the
Acceleration of Charged Particles (Ob ibpol'zovanii dvizhush-
chikhsya vysokochastotnyk1i potentsiallVkh yam dlya uskoreni-va
zaryazhennykh chastits)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Eksperimentallnoy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, 1958,
Vol. 34, Nr 3, pp. 751-752 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: When using oscillations of different frequencies generally a
potential relief f(?O,t) changing with increasing time is ob-
tained. This way especially an accelerated motion of potential
wells can be realized and consequently charged particles local-
ized in such wells can be accelerated. The authors investigate
2 wave running in opposite directions (�z). th equal frequenc-
V x iW t,
ies and amplitudes they form a standing wave 0( y,z)e where
E-*(x,y,z) is a real function. The potential corresponding to
t9is field may give absolute minima. For the reason of a dis-
placement of the notential wells on the z-a-xis the phase of one
of the oppositely running waves must be changed. The authors re-
Card 1/3 strict themselves to a non-relativistic motionlagiWe')o and ne-

On the Use of Moving High-Frequency Potential Wells for the 'SOV/56-34-3-36/55
Acceleration of Charged Particles
glect the difference in the structure of the fields of
opposite y runRj'ng waves. Then the expression EO(XIYIZ
v -I- tc is obtained for the whole field, where 24h
h4l) - h((j2) holds, and where h(IJ) denotes the propagation
constant. The potential corresponding to this field has the
form @ ;J@o(xc'ym'zn_ v,t). The velocity v - 24q[h(6)l);h(q)j
of the ispla e e t o the potential wells is propcrti nal to
the difference of the frequencies of the oppositely running
waves so that the capture and the subsequent acceleration of
the particle can be realized by a change of the frequency of
the generator exciting one of these waves. When the velocity
vo is relativistic the potential wells in the corresponding
supply system are a little deformed. However, the velocity of
their displacement also then satisfiec the last mentioned re-
lation. As the particle to be accelerated in the corresponding
supply system constantly oscillates with the frequency of the
external field the degree of efficiency of such an accelerator
is smaller than that of a normal linear accelerator. The here
discussed accelerators with high-frequency potential wells
have, however, also their advantages. First of all in the use
Card 2/3 of transverae magnetic waves there is no necessity of an

*On the Use of Moving High-Frequency Potential 'Jells for the SOV/56-34-3-36/55
Acceleration of Char6ed Particles
additional focusing of the particles in the transverse cross
section. As the capture and the acceleration of the ;articles
do not depend on the sign of 'heir charge this principle can
also be used for the acceleration of quasineutral plasma con-
centrations. After all, waves with random phase velocities
(greater and smaller than light velocity) can be used. Therefore
also the usual smooth-walled waveguides can be used in place of
periodic structures. When an additional focusing imtgnetic field
HZ - const is present in the acceler;@tor also waves of the trans-
verse-electric type can be used. There are 2 references, 2 of
which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Gorlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet (Gorlkiy State University)
SUBMITTED: November 25, 1957
Card 3/3

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a-IR ~. Ifsl

t?, 31oo 67539
AUTHOR: , Gaponov, A.V. SOV/141-2-3-16/26
TITLE: ExcItai,io-n- , 'o"t-a--transmi s s ion Line by a Non-rectilinear
Electron Beam-:11 as
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchobnykh zavedeniy, Radiofizika,
1959, Vol 2, Nr 3, pp 443 - 449 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The existence of a transverse component of velocity in
a beam of electrons causes the convection current in the
fixed system to 'aave a non-sinusoidal density-variation
with time. This considerably complicates the calculation
of interaction with even a monochromatic wave. It is thus
of interest to discover under what conditions the field
excited in the line by the beam can be represented by the
superposition of monochromatic normal waves and to express
the ampl:itudes of these components in terms of beam
parameters. A strict solution would use "waveguide
equations" but for simplicity the quasi-state approximation
will first be used. The line and beam are shown in Figure 1,
where it is assumed that the transverse dimension of the
Card 1/3 line, d , and the fundamental wavelength in it, XB . are
Lf-11,

67539
sov/141-2-3-16/26
Excitation of a Transmission Line by a Non-rectilinear Electron Beam
so small that the electric field can be calculated from
the potential in Eq (1). Thle "telegraph equations",
Eqs (2), become an inhomogeneous wave equation in voltage
after elimination of the current term, i.e. Eq (4). It
follows that a monochromatic wave will be excited in the
system if the space charge M(z,t) is a sinusoidal function
of time. This is not generally so but in the majority of
practical cases the wave amplitude is such that the field
due to space charge can be neglected as a first approximation.
4owever, starting from Eq (3), integrating with respect to
time under the integral sign and using the continuity
conditions, M(z,t) may be easily expressed through the
longitudinal and transverse components of current density
in the beam, Eq (6). For a thin beam this simplifies to
Eq (7). The wave equation-may now be written as Eq (9).
The result may be generalised for any cylindrical structure
using the "waveguide equations". Eq (16) gives the ampli-
tudes of the normal waves, while Eq (19) is a similar
expression in terms of electron position.
Card 2/3 There are I figure and 4 Soviet references. 1K

67,-
@, OV/1 4 .1 -3 -V6/ 2 6
Excitation of a Transmission Line by a Non-rectilinear !@.*"Gctron Beam
ASSOCIATION: Issledovatelgskiy radiofizichesk.Lv in,--tit-t pri
Gor1kovskom universitete (Radiophysic.- Research
of Gcekiy Uaivirsity)
SUBMITTED: May 17, 1959
Card 3/3

fol
67540
115100
AUTHOR: Gapoxiov, A.V. SOV/141-2-3-17/26 'P
TITLE: The in-twe W=etro*n*@of Non-rectilinear Electron Beams with
Electz-omaxnetic WaveshiLn Trau mission "A .9 1-5-15
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vyashikh uchebnykh zavedeuiy, Radiofizika,
1959, Vol 2, Nr 3, pp 450 - 462 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: It is usually assumed that in the absence of the high-
frequency field the electron trajectovles are rectilinear.
It is known that static modulation of the beam velocity
causes essentially different effects when interaction takes
place. By using on 'e of the XaLst -spatial harmonics of the
beam it is possible to have interaction with an undelayed
wavegulde mode. A periodic structure may still be used, not
for delaying the wave but for modulating the electron beam.
Careful focusing is also necessary. There is, therefore, a
practical advantage in considering an-alternative form of
beam modulation not requiring an intricate periodic.
structure. The most convenient method is the use of a
uniform, constant magnetic field. The analysis is based on
formulae dorived in the author's paper published in this
Card 1/4 issue (Ref 6). If the high-frequency field is considered
as a perturbation, the solution to the equation of moti@n,'.@

61540
SOX1141 2 -3 17126
The Interaction of Non-rectilinear Electron ijeanig' VIR gjei@-tromagnetic
Waves in Transmission Lines
can be expanded as a series and the first approximatior
is given by Eq (26). The latter applies to two classes of
system. The first has a non-uniform periodic electrosta@j.c
field along the z--ax1s and zero magnetic field; it ha-N
been studied in Rcfs 4, 5. The second-has uniform static.
fields and , in a particular case, zero electric field. The
sphtial modulation is achieved by the beam being C;rochoidal
or helical. The perturbation equation for the arrangement
of Figure 1 is Eq (6), having the solution, Eq (10). The
most general. solution, however, is the sum of -this and thc
solution to Eq (6) as a homogeneous equation. For a thin
helical beam, Eq (10) becomes (10a). To obtain the
dispersion oquation for thp general case of crossed electric
and magnetic-fields the results derived earlier (Ref 6) are
used. Only the most interesting practical case, of feeble
currents, is treated since it is then only necessary to take
into account interaction of the electron beam with the
synchronised normal wave. The dispersion equation for a
Card 2/4 trochoidal beam is Eq (19); the rezult for a helical beam

67540
SOV/141-2--3-17/26
The Interaction of Non-rectilinear Electron Beams with Electromagnetic
Waves in Transmission Lines
is of the same form. Compared with the corresponding
formula for an ordinary travelling wave tube the only
difference is the numerical value of the interaction
impedance K m . Amplification and generation is i _,osslble
in association with waves in smooth.-walled guide@@. This
is referred to a* Type 0 interaction and requirr,, ncn-ze,,o
coefficients G XM If, however, G xm @ 0 , the mode of
interaction is different, called Type M and the GiSperS11-111
equation is Eq (20). In spite of the formal similarl.tv
between the results for helical and trocho.Ldal beams the
mechanism of interaction is essentially different. The
following examples are described in detail:
1) a helical beam directed along a magnetic field in the
field of a slow TM wave;
2) a helical beam with an undelayed TE wave;
3) a trochoidal beam in crossed electric and magnetic
fields in the field of a slow TM wave;
4) a trochoidal beam with an undelayed TE wave.
Card 3/4 In the majority of cases, Type M intoraction is not as

Is
The Interaction of Non-rectilimear
Waves in Transmission Lines
suitable as Type 0
of power.
There are 3 figures
Soviet, 2 German, I
6754C
SOV/141-2-3--17/9-6
Electron Beams with Electromagnetic
for the amplification and generation
and 11 references, 7 of which are
English and 1 Swiss,
ASSOCIATION, Issledovatej.lskiy radiofizicheskiy institut pri
Gorikovskom universitetc (Radiophysics Reseat-cl, Institute
of Gor'kiX Uniy@gq:@@jjy)
SUBMITTED: May 17, 1959
Card 4/4

1300 J@J32@002/05/023/026
A@o
AUTHORS-z Bokov, V.M. and Gaponov
" of -
TITLE- Type 0 Interaction in Systems With Centrifugal
Focusing
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebuykh zavedeniy, Radiofizika,
1959, Vol 2, Nr 5, PP 831 - 833 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Previous studies have dealt with interactions between
an electron beam and either a longitudinal magnetic
field or crossed electric and magnetic fields. Electron
motion in a centrifugal electrostatic field is described
by Eq (1). Using the method of perturbations the
effective electric field is Eq (2) and the component
vectors are Eq (3). For a sufficiently veak electron
beam the resonance condition for interaction with one q1
of the normal waves is Eq (4) and an approximate dis-
persion equation is Eq (5). If the condition of Eq (3)
are now satisfied the type "0" interaction in a centri-
fugal field is Eq (6). Two examples are now evaluated&
in the first a coaxial transmission line has a negligibly
small inner conductor with a positive potential with
Cardl/2 respect to the outer tube and a spiral beam interacts

S/141/59/002/05/026/026
AUTHOR: Gaponov, A.V. E041/E321
TITLE: ter to @he_ Editor
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Radiofizilca,
1959, Vol 2, Nr 5, pp, 836 - 837 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the author's article "Interaction of Non-rectilinear
Eiectron Streams$6ith Electromagnetic Waves in Trans-
mission Lines" -'in this journal, 1959, Vol 2, Nr 3,
p 450, the propagation of waves was considered in waveguide
systems threaded by spiral or trocho�dal beams. In
deriving the dispersion equation a non-relativistic
expression was used for particle motion in the beam.
A subsequent examination of the relativistic correction
shows that while the interaction mechanism is not
essentially changed there is the possibility of an effect
connected with the azimuthal bunching of particles rotating
in a constant magnetic field. The dispersion equation
describing a type '1011 interaction is Eq (1), where 0 is
the electron velocity normalized to that of light. The
detailed modifications to the previous article are small
Cardl/2 and are given.

68562
S/14l/59/002/()5/o26/026
Letter to the Editor E041/E521
V.V. Zheleznyakov is thanked for drawing attention to
the need for the correction.
There is I Soviet reference.
SUBMITTED: October 19, 1959
Card 2/2

SOV/309-- -4-3-22/38
AUTHORS: A.M. Belyantsev, A,V. Gaponov@ Ye.V. Zagryadskiy
TITLE: A Delay System of the "Counter-Stub" Type for Travelling-
Wave Amplifiers (Zamedlyayushohaya sistema tipa
"Vstrechnyye shtyrill d1ya usiliteley s begushchey volnoy)
PERIODICAL: Radiotekhnika i Elektronika, Vol LF, Nr 3, 1959@
pp 5o5-516 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The possibility of employing a counter-stub system (of the
type illustrated in Fig 1) was mentioned by Fletcher in
1952 (Ref 1). Here the problem is investigated in some
detail. It is assumed that a counter-stub system of the
type shown in Fig 1 can be represented by means of an
equivalent circuit which consists of a parallel-conductor
transmission line with capacitances connected across the
line at spacings 1. The circuit is shown in Fig 3.
The scattering equation of the system is given by:
Cos T = Cos kl 1 + Co + 2@T- sin kl,
2cl 20,1
Card 115 where k is the wave number7 1 is the length of the
stubs, Co and Uo are the capacitances between the

SOV/109- - -4-- 3-22/38
A Delay System of the "Counter-Stub" Type for eravelling-Wave
Amplifiers
stubs and the "basell, respectively; Cl(pis the
capacitance between neighbouring stubs er unit length)5
J`CT @ jBT is the equivalent Capacitance of a node. The
above circuit does not take into account the cross-
coupling capacitances of the system. If these capaci-
tances are taken into account, the equivalent circuit
becomes more complicated and i's in the form of the diagram
shown in Fig 4 . For this case the characteristic equation
of the system is given by: M+l
Co + 4 @: Cn sin2 nO
k1 n=1 2
tge- - (2)
2 m+1
Co + 2: Cn sin2 n (cf + r,
n=1 2
where Cn is the capacitance (per unit length) between the
stubs which are situated at distances nD/2 from each
Card 2/5 other. The SUMMation in Eq (2) is carried out up to th-9
values of r such that the cz-,@,ss -coupling capacitances

SOV/109- --4-3-22/38
A Delay System of the "Counter-Stub" Type for Travelling-Wave
Amplifiers
become negligible. For the counter-stub system in which
the "hairpins" are displaced vertically (see Fig 2) or
with "hair ins" whose teeth have different cross-sections
(see Fig 5@j the scatte@ring equation is given by Eq (4).
The meaning of the various symbols in Eq (4) should be
clear from Fig 5. The scattering curves for two different
systems with displaced and differing "hairpins" are shown
in Figs 6 and 7. Pig 6 corresponds to the system with
similar but displaced "hairpins"; curves (1) and (3) of
the figure are corroborated by 5ome experimental points.
Fig 7 illustrates a system in which the "hairpins" have
different cross-sections. It was found that a decrease in
the scattering and an increase in the transmission band-
width of the system could be obtained, if one of the
"hairpins" was removed (screened) from the "base".
Examples of such systems are illustrated by the scattering
curves of Fig 8. The relative magnitude of the electric
field in a counter-stub system can be represented by the
so-called interaction impedance or coupling impedance.
Card 3/5 This is defined by:

SOV/109- - -L@-3-22/38
A Delay System of the "Counter-Stub" Type for Travelling-Wave
Amplifiers m m
10 E@ E0 (6)
CLP 2h2 p
m
where RI and Em are the spatial harmonics of the
G 0
electric field component, whi,-h interact with the electron
beam of the system; bgL is the propagation constant of
the m-th harmonic. while P is the power carried by the
wave. The coupli@g impedanoe of the circuit shown in
Fig 3 is given by Eq (101), where the first term is
defined by Eq (1011). The ooupling impedance of the
system shown in Fig 4.r. -which the first fundamental
harmonic is "separated", is given by Eq (141 On the
other hand, in the systems where the nhairpins" are dis-
placed in the horizontal plane, the impedance is also
given by Eq (110), except that the amplitude is represen-
ted by Eq (15). The amplitudes of the coupling impedance
for the first harmonic of the system shovni in Fig 7 is
Card 4/5 illustrated in Fig 10. Fig 11 shows the coupling
impedance of a system with horizontally displaced

30V/109- - -4-3-22/38
A Delay System of the "Counter-Stub" Type for Tra,, -ell ing -Wave
Amplifiers
"hairpins". The coupling impedance of the system was also
measured experimentally3 and the result,@ are shown by the
lower curve of Fig 12; the upper curve of Fig 12 was
calculated; this is in poor agreement iAth the experi-
mental data which is not surprising since Eqs (13) and
(14) should be regarded as comparativell: rough approxi-
mations. On the basis of the above analysis, it is
concluded that the counter-stub systems Ath separated
fundamental waves can be successfully em-.)loyed in
travelling-wave amplifiers operating at -,.m wavelengths.
The method of evaluating the dispersion !haracteristics
proposed by the author is comparatively jimple and is
sufficiently accurate for most practical. applications.
Card There are 12 figures and 5 references, 22. of which are
English, 2 Soviet and 1 French.
SUBMITTED: July 9, 195"1

9.1000
AUTHORS: Gaponov, A. V., Miller, M. A.
TITLE: Letter to the Editor. A Reply to tile 1-ttx- Writteii by
B. V. Braude on the Subject of a N11)(W by t. if! Aut,havz;, E.W' Ltlcd
"On Integration of an Equation for Ckivvviito In tho ThQory o"
Metallic Antennae"
I
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki, 1959, Vol 29, Nr 10, 1) 1291 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In their reply to the letter by Braude, B. I -Ihc: ailthorz; of
the paper state that apparently Brau-1c, B. @ :3omQ%j1iat modified
his original viewG with which the authorn, d-.d not ugrcc and whif:h
were erroneous. There are 2 Soviet
Card 1/1

210) SOV/56-36-3-65/71
AUTHORS: Gaponov, A. V., Freydman, G. I.
.. ...................................
TITLE: On Electromagnetic Shock Waves in 7errites (Ob udarnykh
elektromagnitnykh volnakh v ferritakh)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1959,
Vol 36, Ur 3, Pp 957 - 958 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the.present "Letter to the Editor" the authors investigate
the propagation of plane homogeneous electromagnetic waves
I
in a medi f r th case in which induction
and field
strength of the magnetic field are in nonlinear connection.
The medium is assumed to be isotropic and that B-B(H),
p(H) =@B/@H. Basing upon the Maxwell (Maksvell)equation
and its partial solutions, the authors in the following
investigate the boundary conditions holding for the field
on both sides of the discontinuity, and subject the front
of the electromagnetic shock wave to a thorough theoretical
investigation extending, for the time being, to the simple
case of a plane homogeneous wave in ferrite which is magneti-
ed up to saturation point by a homogeneous magnetic field
Card 1/3 i
, which is longitudinal with respect to the direction
o

On Electromagnetic Shock Wavea in Ferrites Soll/16-36-3-65/71
I
of propagatIon of the wave. For the connection of Ml'
(magnetization) and (zIt) it holds that
-10 oj_@ -2r
W3t + M M rM + H (3)
0
(y- magnetomechanical ratio for the electron spin,
r4laxation frequency). Further, the case @ @-eo is subjected
to a short investigation. As it is found impossible to
write down a general solution of the Yaxwell equation in
consideration of (3), the authors confine themselves to
dealing with the case of a steady plane shock rave. For this
case 't is easy to integrate the equntion. The@esult shows
that A, rotates round the direction of propagation of the
wave z (precision angle T) with the velocity
HIcos 9/sing' - (H 4nM cos 9)@(Q - the ang1b between
CJ - Y 11 0-
M and zp the primed quantities denote values at a great
distance from the wave front, i.e. at z -4 - cD ). Ex-
pressions are further given for the time width of the shock
wave front and the special cases of strong and weak shock
Card 2/3 waves are described in short. There are 4 Soviet references.

On Electromagnetic Shock Waves in Ferrites SOV/56-36-3-65/71
ASSOCIATION: Radiofizicheakiir inotitut Gorlkovskogo gosudarstvennogo
universitets. (Radiophysical Institute of Gorlkiy State
University)
SUBMITTED: December 18p 1958
Card 3/3

694!6
s/141/60/003/01/008/020
xi4.71oo E032/E414
AUTHORS: Gagonov, A.V. and Freydman, G.I.
. .............
TITLE: On the Theory of Electromagnetic Shock Waves in
Non-Linear Media
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya v-ysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Radiofizika,
196o, Vol 3, Nr 1, pp 79-88 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The propagation of electromagnetic waves in ferrites and
ferroelectrics is usually discussed in terms of the linear
approximation. The present paper gives a detailed
discussion of the propagation of plane uniform
electromagnetic waves in non-linear media, le media in
which the magnetic induction B depends non-linearly
on H. The paper is divided into the following sections.
1. Simple waves in a non-linear isotropic uniform
medium. Production of discontinuities.
2. Conditions on the Discontinuity Surface,
3. Structure of the shock wavAfront.
4. Effect of the fir;ltla conductivity of the medium.
The Maxwell equations are written down in the form given
Card 1/5 by Eq (1) and (2)4 the relation between D and c is,/

69h].6
s/141/60/003/01/008/020
E032/E414
On the Theory of Electromagnetic Shock Waves in Non-Linear Media
assumed to be linear. Special solutions of these
equations can then be shown to be given by Eq (3)
where c is the velocity of light in vacuum,
il(H) = dB/dH and f(�) and fl(j) are arbitrary
functions determined by the boundary conditions.
Eq (3) describes travelling waves such that each point
on the wave profile moves with a velocity which depends
on the magnetic field at that point. If the
permeability decreases with the magnetic field, then
those points on the profile at which the numerical
magnitude of the magnetic field is large will move with
a large velocity. Consequently, whenever the magnetic
field increases tin its absolute magnitude) in a direction
opposite to the direction of propagation, the slope of
the front will increase until the continuity of the
field vector breaks down (Fig 1). If ji is not a
monotonic function of 11, the situation is much more
complicated. The boundary conditions on the moving
Card 2/5 shock wave-front are obtained by assuming that its

69416
s/141/60/003/01/008/020
E032/E414
On the Theovy of Electvomagnetic Shock Waves in Non-Linear Media
velocity changes slowly in the case of a plane wave.
The boundary conditions are given by Eq (6) and (6a).
It-is shown that if the discontinuity in the travelling
wave is a weak one, then the behaviour of the travelling
wave can be discussed in terms of the special solution
given by Eq (3) and the boundary conditions given by
Eq (6a). The problem is thus reduced to the determination
of the position of the discontinuity in a simple wave.
Weak shock waves can only exist for a limited time. In
order to discuss the structure of the front of an
electromagnetic shock wave, the relation between B
and H and D and E must be known. In the present
paper a simple case of a plane uniform wave propagated
in ferrite magnetized to saturation by longitudinal
uniform magnetic field is considered. If one neglects
Card 3/5 internal fields, then the connection between the

69L,16
s/14i/60/003/01/008/020
E032/E4i4
On the Theory of Electromagnetic Shock Waves in Non-Linear Media
magnetization and the magnetic field strength is
given by Eq (14) (Ref 7). The structure of the
front of the electromagnetic shock wave, ie the
solution of Maxwell's equations subject to Eq (14),
cannot be carried out in a general form. Howeverg
the present paper succeeds in deriving the corresponding
solutions for a stationary plane shock wave. It is
shown that the frequency of
field components in the region of the front of the
shock wave depends mainly on the magnitude of the
magnetic field in the wave. The length of the front
is reduced as the magnetic field increases. The
character of the structure of the front of the shock
wave is determined only by the properties of the
medium. There are 4 figures and 12 references, 10 of
which are Soviet, I English and 1 French.
ASSOCIATION:Nauchno-issledovatellskiy radiofizicheskiy institut
Card 4/5 pri Gorlkovskom universitete (Scientific Research

6@416
s/141/60/003/01/008/020
E032/E414
On the Theory of Electromagnetic Shock Waves in Non-Linear Media
Radio-Physical Institute of the Gorlkiy University)
SUBMITTED: October 21, 1959
Card 5/5

86857
s/141/60/003/005/012/og6
19, q.23LI E192/E382
AUTHORSi Bokov, V.M. and Qaponov_ A.V_
TITLE; Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy,
Radiofizika, 1960, Vol. 31 No. 5, pp. 826 - 836
TEXTa The so-called strophotron (Refs. 4, 5) is an example
of a system with anharmonically excited oscillations, which
employs the electrons oscillating in an electrostatic
potential well along a stronguniform magnetic field. A
simple model of a strophotron (described in Ref. 4) is
illustrated in Fig. 1, where an oscillatory circuit can be
connected to any pair of electrodes. Such a device can be
used as the high-frequency oscillator or a regenerative
amplifier. Another type of strophotron based on a different
type of electrostatic potential well is illustrated in
Fig. 2; this is a coaxial strophotron (Ref. 5). In the
following the strophotrons of the above type are investigated
but it is assumed that the electrons interact with a
travelling electromagnetic wave, In the derivation of the
Card 1/8

W57
s/141/60/003/005/012/026
E192/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
principal equations it is assumed that., the beam current
is small, the length of the interaction space is
comparatively large and that the interaction takes place
with only one synchronous wave, The motion of an electron
in a two-dimensional potential well in the presence of a
constant magnetic field H is described by the following
nonrelativistic equation: 0
n(E0 + E 0 + 11@_] (1)
where E. and H,,, are the high-frequency electric and
magnetic fields, E 0 is the electrostatic field having
components E ox and EOy e is the charge of an electron,
m0 is its rest mass and e/mo . If the motion along
the axis z is uniform and if the high-frequency field can be
Card 2/8

86857
S/141/60/003/005/012/026
E192/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
regarded as a perturbation the solution of Eq. (1) can be
in the form ofj
r = z0Z + x 0(X f x I., X
The zero approximation of the electron motion can be described
by Eqs. (3)o where the function E x changes its sign at
X = 0 . The solution of the first of these equations
corresponding to the real initial conditions and being a
periodic function of t with a period T E = 21T/wE is
assumed to be in the form of Eq. (4). The derivative of this
is given by Eq. (4.8), The equation for the first approximation
is obtained by substituting Eq. (2) into Eq. (1) and is in
the form of Eq. (5), where (I(x) = qOE x/21x) .. and
E_ is the x-component of the high-frequency electric field.
The general solution of this homogeneous equation should be
Card 3/8

86857
s/141/60/003/005/012/026
E192/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave StroPhotron
in the form of Eq. (6), where u(t) is a periodic function
of time. C 1 and C 2 are arbitrary constants and M
is the so-called parameter of non-isoclironismv which is
proportional to the derivative of the oscillation! frequency
U)Ewith respect to the oscillator energy 10@ - The parameter
of non-isochronism M is expressed by Eq. (7). If it is
assumed that the high-frequency field in the interaction
space is in the form of a plane nonhomogeneous wave, the
solution of Eq. (5) is appvoximately given by Eq. (10)g
where U0 is the velocity corresponding to the drift
velocity v 0 and V 0 is the amplitude of the plane wave.
On the other hand@ the amplitude of the synchronous wave
excited in the system by the electron beam is expressed by
Eq. (11), where 1 0 is the beam current, N is a normalising
coefficient and -r. = Z/V0 is the transit time of an electron
Card 4/8

86857
@:i,1141/601003/005/012/026
E.192/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
to the cross-section z . By substituting Eq. (10) into
Eq. (11) and integrating it with respect to t , the
following scattering equation is obtainedi
2 3 10 he
Cm 2U a2ON M IGm12 (12)
0 0
where only the resonance terms of the order 16(b _ J)2
are considered. This equation determines the ciorirection
factors to the propagation constants 6h 0 = h - ho . Eq. (12)
is analogous in fo--T. to the dispersion*equation of the normal
travelling-wave t@.re of the type 11011. If the relativistic
effects in the tube are taken into accounts the equation of
the first approximation is in the form of Eq. (13), where
X(t) is the solution of the zero approximation. The parameter
of non-isochronism in this case is given by Eq. (14). The
Card 5/8

86857
s/i4i/60/003/005/012/o26
E1@12/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
scattering equation is now similar to Eq. (12) except that
M is replaced by the expression of Eq. (14). When the
electron oscillations in the potential well can be regarded
as being harmonic and the parameter M is small, it is
necessary to introduce the resonant components of the order
I
6)- In this case, the scattering equation is in the
form of Eq. (15). This can further be written as Eq. (16).
For strong currents, Eq. (16) is approximately expressed by
Eq. (16a). This represents the so-called I'M" type of oscillator
systems. Such systems give the possibility of generating
electromagnetic oscillations, this being due to the presence
of complex roots in Eq. (16a). The amplification coefficient
of such systems is determined by the imaginary component of
the correction factor 6 . Its dependence on current is
illustrated in Fig. 4. -The above formulae are used to analyse
a coaxial strophotron with a travelling wave. It is shown
that the gain of this system for the direct wave in the
card 6/8

86857
S/141/60/003/005/012/026
E192/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
absence of absorption is given by;
G = - 9.54 + 47.3 CLA
where C is defined by Eq. (18) and L is the length of
the system, A graph of C as a function of a/b (Fig. 2)
is given in Fig. 5. The above interaction mechanism is
dependent on the self-phasing of the particles in the field.
However, if the beam passes in the vicinity of the wall of
& transmission line, the situation is different, The
mechanism of the interaction of nonlinear beanis with electro-
magnetic waves can be analysed on the basis of the results
obtained by V.M. Bokov (Ref. 11). In this case, the first
approximation can be written in the form of Eq. (19), where
T(z) is a slowly changing function of z . By analysing
this equation it is found that for a beam with uniformly
distributed current, the gain is expressed by the third
equation on p. 835, where j0 is the current density.
Card 7/8

86857
s/141/60/003/005/012/026
E192/E382
Theory of a Travelling-wave Strophotron
There are 6 figures and 12 referencesi 3 English and
9 Soviet; one of the Soviet references is translated
from English,
ASSOCIATIONs Nauchno-issledovatel@skiy radiofizicheskiy
institut pri Gor1kovskom universitete
(Scientific Research Radiophysics Institute
of Gorlkiy University)
SUBMITTED; June 18g 196o
Card 8/8

21176
S/l/il/60/003/00b/015/025
9, E192/E382
AUTITUINS; Antakov, I.I., Bokov, V.M., Vasillyev, IZ.I-. and
gLqp-o. x, P-v-j- A. -V-.
TITLE: Interaction Between a Trochoidal Electron beam,
and Electromagnetic Waves in a Rectangular Waveguide
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy,
11a.diofizika, 1960, Vol. 3, LNo. 6, 1)1). iU33-1044
TEXT: A detailed analysis of the interaction between a
trochoidal electron beam and electromagnetic waves in a
rectangular waveguide with three ideally conducting walls"and
"one" impedance wall is presented. A sufficiently weak
electron beam interacts effectively with one of the normal
w-aves in a transmission line or waveguide only under the
condition that h (1 + 11 ff-hH or.
MW
(1 + C)v /V -
q)
Card 1/6

21176
s/141/60/003/006/015/025
interaction Between .... E192/E382
whe re m @ 0 11 + 2 1 and h, - W/V (0) is tile
propagation constant of the corresponding normal wave in a
"cold" waveguide; vj, = Eo/B0 is the driftivelocity of the
electrons tooving along a trochoid and having an oscillation
amplitude a in crossed fields EO and BO ;
lie = W/V11 hH = WH/vj@ 'wH = (e/m)BO . qBo i,?hich is the
gyromagnetle frequency. If the condition of synchronism
given by Eq. (1) is fulfilled, the scattering e(juation for the
correction of the order 6 = (h - h 0 )/h0 for the propagation
constant of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide for
comparatively weak signals (without taking into account tile
space charge) is in the form (Refs. 2, 5@):
k2- X2
Ey=11.COS(1,.x)(:h(TY); H,-- j--@@-cos(-A,x) ch.(TY)-, (3)
zo
hx
Hz w @nwwn S I n (-A,,x) ch (TY).
Cnrd 2/6 kZ,

21176
s/141/60/003/Oub/015/025
Interaction Between .... E192/E382
where I is the beam current,
0 2
U0 v11 /21 is the voltage corresponding to the drift
velocity,
v1/c (where c is the velocity of light,
V4- is the transverse electron velocity),
GxP Gyp GzP are the Fourier coefficients of the
high-frequency Lorenz force acting on
an electron moving along a stationary
trajectory in the field of a non-
perturbed normal wave,
N is the normalising coefficient of this wave.
Eq. (2) is used to analyse the interaction between the
11 -wave in a smooth-walled rectangular wave with the
01
electron beam and its interaction with a non-symmetrical wave
in a comb-type (periodic) waveguide. The interaction between
the electron beam and a symmetrical wave in a comb-type strip
waveguide is also investigated; the following special cases in
Card 3/6

23-176
s/i4i/6o/oO3/006/0l5/025
Interaction Between .... E192/E382
the above type of interaction are considered: a magnetron
amplifier with a trochoidal beam; interaction witli a fast
electromagnetic wave and interaction with a slow electro-
magnetic wave. The problem was also investigated experimentally
on two specially constructed models, provided with comb-type
delay systems. Such a system is illustrat(.d in Fig. 4; this
consists of: I - a comb-type anode; 2 - cathode;
3 - focusing electrode; 4 - electron beam and 5 - a cathode
plate. Both models were designed for the 3-cm operating range.
The results of the experiments are in good agreement with the
calculated data and indicate that for the electrons rotating
in a constant magnetic field both mechanisms of interaction
of the type 11011, i.e. the self-phasing and the spatial de-
bunching, are equally effective and can be employed in micro-
wave amplifiers and osciliators. There are L) figures and
11 references: 10 Soviet and I non-Soviet.
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Interaction Between .... E192/1-1'382
ASSOCIATIUN: Nauclino-i3sledovatcllskiy radiofizicheskiy
institut pri Gor,kovskoin universitete
(Scientific Research Radiophysics lastitute
of GorIkiy University)
SUBMITTED: July 13, 1960
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83182
S/056/60/039/002/019/044
Boo6/13056
4-, 4_j@o
AUTHOR: Gaponov, A. V.
TITLE! The Instability of a Syetem of Excited Oscillators With
Respect to Electromagnelic Disturbances
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheakoy fiziki, 1960,
Vol. 39, No. 2(8), pp. 326-331
TEXT: A current of charged particleAhich moves rectilinearly and unifom-
ly (velocity v) is instable w1th res ect to electromagne%ic disturbances
if v is greater than the velocity of light in the surrounding medium on.
Classically, this instability is considered to be the consequence or a
grouping (autophasing) of particles in the electromagnetic wave field;
these waves propagate in the Cherenkov cone; the clusters produce co-
herent Cherenkov radiation. Analogous instabilities may be observed also
in currents of excited electric oscillators, with th(-. only difference that
here a coherent radiation is emitted also if v < on. In the present paper,
the autnor discusses the possible mechanisms of the autophasing of ex-
cited oscillatorn in a radiation field leading to instability of the
Card

83182
The Instability of a System of Excited Oscillators S/056/60/039/002XM044
With Respect to Electromagnetic Disturbances B006/BO56
system with respect to electromagnetic disturbances. The attempt is made
to explain these instabilities both classically and quaritum-theoretically,
Fo- this purpose, a current of excited oscillators is investigated, where
each oscillator is assumed to be a charged particle oscillating freely
the oscil-
.n a reference system at the fre@quenoy Q., At the instanf t.,
lation amplitudes of all particles are assumed to b6 equal ; so that the
mac-osoopiP current vanishes, and no electromagnetic raliaticl conurs.
By means of an electromagnetic disturbance of' the fcrm e
h(r)e tho motion of the oscillators is disturbed, and a variable
polarization current occurs. First, thi? case of a harmonir, o8cillator is
briefly discussed; the grouping of exciteJ osaillarors ascording to phases
which is necessary for instabillity, is possible only if *.he motion of the
oscillators in the ?xternal field obeya nonlinear equaticns@ For an an-
harmonic oscillato-zi in weak external :!ield, two different phasing meohar-
Igms are possibl;?7 !)"A phase grouping" of the anharmonir, oscillators, and
2) A spatial group-.-ng of the moring os(.,Illa%or3 in an inhomogeneous fie)d.
Bcth cases are ireatad, and The mathematical results are discussed. The
Instability of such a system may be explained classically. and is net
related witn pure quantum effet:ts; nnverthele,3s a
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83182
The Instability of a System of Excited S/056/60/039/002/019/044
Oscillators With Respect to Electromagnetic B006/BO56
Disturbances
interpretation is of interest as shown by the author in the last part of
this paper. Two possibilities are discussed on the basis ofthe most simple
idealized system: a) The instability of the system of anharmonic oscilla-
tors is related with a difference in the spacings of their energy spectra.
b) The displacement of a moving excited oscillator in an inhomogeneous
elactrio field Is connectAd with a recoil in the emission (sr absorption)
of a photon. The author finally thanks V. L. Ginzburg and V. M. Payn for
dissussions. V. I. Gayduk is mentioned. There are 18 references, 16
Scviet; I US, and 1 Swedish, X/
L/
ASSOCIATION: Radiofizicheskiy institut Gor1kovskogo gosudarstv,ennogo
universiteta
(Institute of Raiiophys:Lcs of Gorlkiy Statp University)
SUBMrTTED: February 1, 1960
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3 7-:
13-3 i/6l/C'--VC,.15/ol6/020
AUT!10-R: N:- Ga2onov, A.V.-
TITLE: ."'clativistic scattering o,@uatiwi fcw the wave,@-uido
Systel"Is with helical aild trocioidal electron beams
PE:',ICDI-I,kL: Izvestiya vysshildi 11cliebily,:111 ---avedeniy,
I L
R
adio.-Cizilza, 19GI, V. 4, 11o. T),,) - 5117 - 5 5 9
T&XT: The results pramited in this vor!: ;@.-ere reported in
a paper read at the 13th General Assembly of URSI in
September, 1960.
"Rien consideritir the interaction of electrons and clactro-
t-.ia-netic field, it is often necessary to introduce the
relativistic corrections into the scattcriri:@ equations of the
systct-.,.r, which operate with helicc.1 or trochoidal electron
baz,riss (Raf. 1 - this journal, "-, 1141, 1@)59 aud 2, 1150, 1959,
Ref. 4 - 11.'1. Pantell, Proc. o-C the Symp. on millimetre waves,
Politechn. Press, Broo%lyii, %aw Yor-., 1959, and Ref. 5 -
the author - this journal, 2, 836, 1959). This worl: is
concerned iith t!ie derivation of the rola`ivistic scatterin.-
equation for this type of Systel-.1; t'io 0(!Iiation is derived
Cnrd 1/10

s/ 14,1/6 1/c /co,3/ol 6/on
lZelativistic scatteriiir . . . .
undcr the usual assumption that t.'ac 'Clectron concentration
.,nals art) comparatively wealc.
is small and that tine sig Th e
Problo:ii of c;:citation of a irave_f-itide by ;7t t1iiii non-
rectilinear elect-on bezxi-.i was cmisiderod iii Rol'. I and tae
final fort:iulzio from that work are used. T;ic Fourier
comoonents for the field c::cited in a wzive:@uidc can be written
in ihe form o-f a sum of nor-mal wavct;:
E.= V ( WE" V, Ev-) U., ZO) Z.:
.Lj
+ ih z + + -ilz
+ CIS + CIS
wh or e r-,- Wid 11 1 C are the
s -S -S fS
intensities of the electric and magnetic fields of tae nori-.1.0
waves at the frequency ci) , respectively, @o is the unit
vector of tae x,--is z , which is parallel to the a:cis of thf,
1w is the Fourier conpin,-@nt of the current
waveguide and
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?cr,)eVoo,-Vol61O2O
Relativistic scattering ....
aicit dw -The z,.mplitmlos of the nori-,ml
density j.(t)
waves W! can be calculated if the equation of the electron
3
beam ir"Liich P;-ccitcs the i-,ravesuide is written in a parc-Imetric
'L@
-O.r:,.l r = r ( 7Z@, tand the e--:,i)ression for Vis integrated
u*ith respect to the transit time ":@ (i.e. integrated along the
electron trajectories). It can also be asisw;ied that the
electrons in tie beam under.-o small han-.ionic deviations at the
Crequency W 'So tl-IQ4-
r r,,(--) + rl,,.(-) ei.- frl- ID);
= -.,,(z) + -.I .,(z) ri-1 7,)
where r 0- is t-he stationary value of rThe aiii-plitudes
can thus be written as:
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1 "5
S/lI.i/61/COV003/ol6/c2o
Relativistic sca"Itcring
jim@'I.J-)rj G,' @ r,,'- ih +
.U
(2)
ri., + E.;
I'th er e1,2
0
10
NS
mo (-,@)
The quantity
are transit. times correspondirl- to tile start
and torMination of the beai.i,
is the DC comporieut of bez,.m current,
is the normalisin:@ fictor and
is tie electron velocity iti -- iion-pcrturbcO bcam.
G� is t:ie Lorentz force,
s
r + +
-S - E + No if-
s C
-%.-!iic.i is clefined by:
Card 4/10