SECOND SESSION THIRD COMMITTEE PROVISIONAL SUMMARY RECORD OF THE TENTH MEETING HELD AT THE PARQUE CENTRAL, CARACAS, ON FRIDAY, 26 JULY 1974, AT 3.30 P.M.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82S00697R000300070010-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
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• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 4, 2001
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: July 30, 1974
• Content Type: MIN

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UNITED NATIONS
THIRD CONFERENCE
ON THE LAW OF THE SEA
PROVISIONAL
For participants only
A/CONF.62/C.3/SR.10
30 July 1974
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Second Session
THIRD COMMITTEE
PROVISIONAL SUMMARY RECORD OF THE TENTH MEETING
Held at the Parque Central, Caracas,
on Friday, 26 July 1974, at 3.30 p.m.
Presentation of proposals on item 12 (Preservation of the marine environment
and Transfer of technology)
Reports of the Chairmen of the informal meetings on items 12 (Preservation
of the marine environment) and 13 and 14 (Scientific research - Development
Corrections to this record should be submitted in one of the four working
languages (English, French, Russian or Spanish), preferably in the same language as the
text to which they refer. Corrections should be sent in adruplicate within five
working days to the Chief, Documents Control, Room 9, Nivel Lecuna, Edificio Anauco,
and also incorporated in one copy of the record.
AS THIS RECORD WAS DISTRIBUTED ON 30 JULY 1974, THE TIME-LIMIT FOR CORRECTIONS
WILL BE 6 AUGUST 1974.
The co-operation of participants in strictly observing this time-limit would be
greatly appreciated.
C-5289
Chairman: Mr. YANKOV Bulgaria
later: Mr. JACOVIDES Cyprus
Rapporteur: Mr.?HASSAN ? Sudan
CONTENTS
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REPORTS OF THE CHAIRiIE1 OF THE INFORMAL MEETINGS ON ITEMS 12 (Preservation of the
marine environment) AND 13 AND 14 (Scientific research - Development and transfer of
technology)
The CHAIRMAN drew the attention of delegates to the following documents which
had been circulated and which were pertinent to the deliberations of the Committee:
The Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic
Sea Area which had been circulated for reference at the request of the representative
of Denmark; conference room paper NP/2; conference room paper MP/3/Add.1 containing
proposals and amendments to WG.2/Paper No. 8/Add.2 in the Informal Comparative Table
of Texts on the Preservation of the Marine Environment (conference room paper MP/1) and
to the texts contained in pages 86 to 88 of document A/9021.
yr_LLAHTA (Mexico), speaking as Chairman of the informal meetings dealing
with item 12, said that discussions had taken place on the morning and afternoon of
24+ July and on the morning of 25 July. It had been decided to have a fresh reading of
the texts prepared by the Sea-Bed Committee contained in document A/9021. It had also
been decided that:
(1) There would be no general debate on texts or amendments during the present
reading;
(2) Delegations wishing to make amendments or revisions should submit them
together with the relevant explanations when each text was being considered;
(3) There should be no interventions either for or against proposals during the
consideration of texts;
(4) The Secretariat should reproduce amendments and additions for the use of the
small informal negotiation and drafting group to be set up with a view to reaching
agreement on specific texts and reducing alternatives to a minimum. That group would
consist mainly of sponsors of amendments or additions and would be open to participation
by all States;
(5) The small informal negotiation and drafting group would not meet at the same
time as the Third Committee or any of its subsidiary organs in order to enable smaller
delegations to participate fully if they so wished.
Proposals, amendments, additions and explanations concerning WG.2/Papers No. 3, 8
and Add.2, 9, 7, and 10 and Add.1 had already been considered. Those documents, together
with the working papers and documents of the Sea-Bed Committee would form the basis for
the work of the small informal--egotiation and drafting group. WG/Papers 11, 12, 13, 14
and 15 had not yelp'P5V)e8H19Se 2001/12/05: CIA-RDP82S00697R000300070010-9 /..
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(Mr. Villarta Mexico)
The CHAIRMAi' drew the attention of the Committee to the fact that each of
the informal working groups had only eight full working days left for their
deliberations. If the groups continued to review work already done, the final outcome
would not be very encouraging: He would welcome any development of a procedural nature
which might expedite their work. Though no proposals were forthcoming, he assumed that
the Committee had taken note of the informal deliberations with deep concern.
Mr. UETTERNICH (Federal Republic of Germany), speaking as Chairman of the
informal meetings on items 13 and 14, made a progress report. The Third Committee had
held three informal meetings on 23 and 25 July, on items 13 and 14 of the lists of
subjects and issues. To date, 132 speakers had taken the floor acid thirteen informal
proposals had been introduced in writing and would be made available in all official
languages. In'addition, two informal meetings had been held for ad hoc consultations
with interested delegations.
The. informal meetings had based their work on the set of formal proposals
introduced in Sub-Committee III of the Sea-Bed Committee in 1973 and texts produced
during the informal consultations at the 1973 Geneva Session of Working Group 3 of
that Sub-Committee. At the request of some delegations, an informal comparative table
containing the above-mentioned proposals and texts had been issued by the Secretariat
(conference room paper Sc. Res./1). The table had been revised after an exchange of
views and an informal meeting on 23 July. It did not, of course, preclude in any way
the informal or formal introduction of new proposals. The informal meetings had
considered point 1 of the comparative' table and had carried out a first reading of the
text on page 45 of that document. It had received four informal proposals, two of
which were contained in conference room paper Sc.Res./2 and 4; further proposals would
be issued for the next meeting of the informal session.
Alternative texts concerning the question of the legal implications of marine
scientific research (CRP/Sc.Res./l, page 45) had also been considered. Discussions
had eventually centred on a single, nev informal proposal contained in conference room
paper Sc.Res./3. In particular the words "national juridiction~' seemed to be
controversial. An amendment had been submitted by a delegation and would be issued as
a document for the next meeting. The question had been raised as to whether the words
`national jurisdiction" should remain in the text of proposals on the explicit
understanding that the use of the term "national jurisdiction" would not prejudge its
/.
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(Mr. iletternich Federal Republic
German_*
a__
meaning and scope which would be defined in the Convention. Interested delegations had
been invited to hold informal consultations to find a compromise solution.
The informal meeting held on 25 July had considered point 2 of the informal
comparative table (CRP/Sc.Res./1, gages 45 to 47) and various informal proposals which
would be issued before the next informal meeting.
When appropriate, the setting up of informal consultation groups composed of
sponsors of proposals would be considered, particularly with regard to items which had
not been discussed in the Sea-Bed Committee and for which there had been no attempt to
consolidate texts.
The CHAIRMAN said that his remarks concerning the progress of the discussions
on item 12 were even more valid with regard to items 13 and 14. As there was a lack of
specific proposals on item 14,'he appealed to delegations to submit proposals on that
very' important issue.
dtir. YTURRIAGA BARBERAN (Spain) requested that document A/CONF.62/C.3/L.l,
which contained the text of the Helsinki Convention in Cnglish, should be translated and
circulated in all working languages.
yir. . AUCHERE (France), 11r. GAI OA (Chile) and Mr. RODRIGUEZ (Venezuela)
supported that proposal.
Mr. KOVALEEV (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) said that the official
Russian translation of the Helsinki Convention would be made available in the near future.
He would therefore prefer the Convention not to be translated into Russian by the
Secretariat so as to avoid having two different Russian versions.
He asked why the Helsinki Convention had been issued as document A/CONF.62/C.3/L.1,
rather than as an information document, and suggested that the reference symbol of the
document should be changed.
Mr. STEI"NER (Secretary of the Committee) recalled that the Committee had
decided to issue the text of the Convention in English only, because States parties to
the Convention were to receive the official Russian translation later.
Mr. YTURRIAGA BARBERRY (Spain) reiterated his request for a translation into
Spanish of the text of the Helsinki Convention. If the Soviet delegation so desired, it
need not be translated into Russian.
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The CHAIRMAN said that, if he heard no objection, he would take it that the
Committee decid.adto have the text of the Helsinhi Convention translated and circulated
in all the working languages of the Conference, with the exception of Russian, and
that when the official +ussian translation was received, it would be published.
It was so decided.
?1 ESBNTATIOh OF PROPOSALS ON ITMI 12 (PRESERVATION OF THE MAfliN :, :t:iAVIROMMEE'IT)
iv'ir. MOTE ('Kenya) introduced his delegation?s revised draft articles for
the preservation and protection of the marine environment (A/COIlF.(52/C.3/L.2). His
delegation had participated in the work of the United 'nations Sea-Bed Committee and in
the negotiations during the present Conference. As a result, it had considered it
necessary to reformulate and elaborate the draft articles originally submitted to the
Sea.-Bed Committee (A/AC.l38/SC.3/L44l) and to incorporate certain new ideas.
His Government attached great importance to the preservation, protection and
improvement of the human environment including the marine environment. As a coastal
State, Kenya had a special interest in the mineral and living resources of the sea.
Furthermore, it was located near one of the busiest oil tanker routes in the world. In
recent years, Kenya had made substantial investments in the development of tourism
which was based mainly on its immense wild life resources and beaches, both of which
depended on proper maintenance of the health of its land and marine environment.
His delegation considered that sovereignty and jurisdiction..over the marine
resources of the economic zone were inseparable from the juridical rights of the
coastal States to protect and preserve the environment which contained those resources.
In that connexion, he mentioned the draft articles on the economic zone submitted by
his delegation to the ScaF-Bed Committee (A/AC.138/SC.3/L.lO)., Furthermore, his
delegation held the view that pollution of the marine environment in areas beyond the
limits of national jurisdiction could have direct effects on zones under national
jurisdiction.
Articles 3, 4, 5, 6, '7_, 6.: 9 and 10 contained provisions regarding the duties
and obligations of States, of the proposed international authority and of other
international bodies to protect and preserve the quality and resources of the marine
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(Mr. tote, Kenya)
environment and to take appropriate anti-pollution measures. Such measures; of course,
should not interfere unjustifiably with the other legitimate uses of the sea.
There was an obvious need to co-ordinate co-operation among States and international
bodies. His delegation considered that the United Nations Environment programme was the
most suitable international organization to undertake that responsibility. Article 1
contained provisions to that end. The modalities of such co-operation were provided
for in articles 12 to 16.
Referring to the need to increase the capabilities of States to fulfil their
duties and obligations in regard to the prevention of pollution and the protection of
the marine environment, he appealed to the relevant specialized agencies of the United
Nations to increase their efforts in the promotion of scientific, educational, technical
and other assistance to developin; countries, particularly in Africa, which at the
present tife lagged behind all other continents with regard to the volume of landed
marine living resources, in spite of the fact that the waters surrounding the continent
were considerably fertile.
His delegation also considered that developed States should play a major role
ir enhancing developing States' capabilities to explore, exploit and rationally manage
marine resources for the benefit of mankind as a whole, through appropriate joint ventures
or other bilateral arrangements.
Articles 19 and 20 provided for the development and utilization of monitoring
facilities.
,With regard to the establishment of rules and regulations, his delegation
considered that States should co-operate on a regional or international basis to
formulate uniform and enforceable standards with regard to areas within the limits of
national jurisdiction taking into account special situations such as straits, the Arctic
and Antarctic regions, encloses and semi-enclosed seas and archipelagic waters; on the
lines of the provisions of articles 21 and 23. Similarly, article 22 provided for the
adoption by the authority of appropriate rules and regulations in areas beyond the
limits of national jurisdiction. His delegation considered that the United Nations
Environment Programme should play an important role in the formulation of standards,
as stated in article 24.
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(Tb . Mbote, Kenya)
Articles 25 to 28 had been formulated with a view to ensuring that the States and
authority would undertake to enforce national or internationally adopted rules and
regulations against marine pollution from all sources in the areas under their respective
jurisdiction.
In the view of his delegation, the question of liability was a matter for courts
to determine. However, it considered that States and the authority should be held
responsible for damage to the marine environment under the terms of articles 29 and 30.
His delegation's views on the question of compensation for damage were still under
consideration but it favoured full compensation to the coastal State for damage caused.
With regard to the question of the settlement of disputes arising from the interpretation
or application of the foregoing articles, his delegation was of the opinion that the
coastal State was competent to settle all disputes arising within the limits of national
jurisdiction, while disputes arising from the areas beyond the limits of national
jurisdiction should be settled through the appropriate international judicial
institutions.
In conclusion, he emphasized his delegation's willingness to consider comments
on the draft articles it had submitted in a true spirit of negotiation.
Mr. PAPAGEORGIOU (Greece) said that regulations and enforcement were two of
the most basic and most controversial parts of the Committee's work, and represented
two distinct areas. For that reason, his delegation had chosen to concentrate on
enforcement and submit a complete draft (A/CONF.62/C.3/L.4) on that subject which
provided a method for the enforcement of whatever regulations the Conference would
subsequently adopt.
In submitting those draft articles, his delegation was motivated by the desire
to provide a basis for compromise, since various drafts submitted by other delegations,
while useful and constructive, did not seem adequate for that purpose.
The classification and arrangement of the subject matter in document A/CONF.62/C.3/L.2+
was important, and could assist the Committee's further deliberations even if its
treatment of substantive issues could not be accepted.
That method for enforcing regulations relating to ship-based pollution should be
effective without creating, however, unreasonable obstacles for international navigation
or unnecessarily eibjecting ships to the control of a multitude of national authorities.
For that purpose, the draft articles created specific obligations for the flag State to
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(Mr. Papageorgiou, Greece)
enforce, the convention end provided for supplementary enforcement by the coastal State
or the port State where the flag State could not or did not proceed to enforcement within
a specified time limit..
Ar'lcles 1. and 2 were not controversial. Article 3 was inspired by the London
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Materials
and should not prove controversial either.
The process of enforcement had been divided into the three separate phases of
inspection (.-r"ic?.e 5), proceedings (article _), aad enforcement of sentences (article 8)
to facilitate compromise. In article 6 distinctions had been mr.de among different kinds
of violations committed in various zones of the sea also to facilitate an acceptable
-solution. Article 7 concerning the non-duplication of proceedings should be generally
acceptable. Article 8 created a world-wide network for the punishment of those who
violated the convention.
Article 9 which included provisions similar to those of the 1973 IMCO Convention
for the Proven:-i_on of Pollution from Ships should not cause difficulties.
The Greek del.egatira did not claim that its draft articles were perfect, and it
was prepared to accept additions, amendments, and criticism which might improve the
draft. The text was offered as a compromise or at least as a valid basis for
compromise negotiations. The primary right of the coastal State to enforce regulations
concerning lend-h-.~ed and sea-bed pollution, as well as extensive supplementary rights
to enforce regu1.P.tions against ship-generated pollution had been recognized, thus
accommodating the zonal approach. Finally an important role had been given to the
port State fv.)r the enforcement of the Convention.
The time had come to bring opposing views closer together. Since the first part
of every article provided a neutral framework with the points for negotiation
concertrateCi it the last one or two lines of each article, the proposed draft was. a
useful tool foe negotiations.
f'trr_O)A (Japan) said he wished to make several preliminary observations
concerning tr ~ Kenyan and Greek draft articles.
(.e no'ed the many references to the international authority in the Kenyan draft
and the fa.?t the.t its powers, for the purpose of establishing binding standards to
control pollution, would, as envisaged in article 8, extend to the water column beyond
the limits of national jurisdiction. If by the international authority the Kenyan draft
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(.Mr. Oda, Japan)
meant the international sea-bed authority which was under.consideration in the First
Committee, it should be pointed out that there was no thought of granting a competence
to the international sea-bed authority as wide as that proposed in the Kenyan draft.
His delegation favoured the establishment of a proper order in the seas beyond national
jurisdiction,.'but did not however see the need for any international organization to
regulate activities in that area.
The Kenyan draft articles emphasized the close link between the resources
jurisdiction of the coastal State and its competence to prevent marine pollution in
the areas adjacent to its coasts. Japan had submitted a proposal (A/AC.138/SC.III/L.49)
to the,Sea-Ded Committee. the previous summer which embodied,a zonal approach to pollution
control, but the intended zone over which the coastal State's competence for pollution
c.ont'ol was to be extended.was?completely different in.nature and in breadth from any
resources jurisdiction.
With regard to the competence for enforcing standards to prevent marine pollution,
his delegation favoured the flag-State formula as it had explained at the fifth meeting
of the Committee. The Japanese delegation was aware however that the flag-State formula
alone might not suffice to prevent marine pollution, .For that reason, it would be
appropriate to give certain enforcement powers to the coastal State. The standards to
be enforced by the coastal State had to be international, not national, since it was
difficult to accept the idea that coastal States should be able to enforce national
standards on vessels in transit. The coastal State should have competence in cases
of dumping or discharge in violation of international standards.
Turning to the Greek. draft articles, he wondered about the suitability of the
six-month period allowed in article 6 for the flag State to institute proceedings before
the coastal State or any port State might do so, since it was not unusual for a ship not
to return to a port of its flag State within that period. In addition, there was no
great incentive for port States to initiate proceedings with regard to pollution
violations which took place far from.their.own territories,
He wished to requesta clarification with regard to the enforcement of sentences by
any port State, since the enforcement of foreign judgements posed certain problems in
view of the national legislation of many countries,
Mr. APPLETON (Trinidad and Tobago) observed with regard to article 2 of the
Greek draft articles that pollution arising from the exploration and exploitation of the
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(Mr. Appleton, Trinidad and Tobago)
sea-bed normally b:d its origin in off-shore oil wells, pipelines, or natural seepage.
Mention of the flag State therefore seemed irrelevant in connexion with such pollution
and he requested a cDxification from the Greek representative.
Mr.FAPAG]20,iGTOi3 (Greece), replying to the question asked by the
representative of Japan concerning article 6, paragraph 2, of document A/CONF.62/C.3/L.4,
said that he would be willing to negotiate on the proposed time-limit of six months,
although he himself felt that it would be quite adequate. In connexion with the
difficulty of aforein` foreign judgements, mentioned by the representative of Japan,
he said that although there might be some r'.ifficulty for some States, the Conference
was trying to create a new law for effective control of marine pollution, and sentences
for violation of prcri.sioos concerning the prevention of pollution should not be
regarded a3 ei-ril or :r iral sentences but should be treated differently. The provision
in article 6, paxagre.nh 2, of the draft that the coastal State could institute
proceedii:gs ct.Ge of '?io=Qtion of regulations within the economic zone amounted to a
concession by his d.el.er;ation. The intention was that if the flag State took no action,
the coastal Sta.;e `t'cic h hr-l"' suffered the damage should take action and, if the vessel
had alreadf lei, the rea, the port State should be placed under an obligation to take
action. The p"-"lose of authorizing the coastal State to request any port State to
institute ~r.:ceedi cgs was to avoid unnecessary stoppage of ships in transit.
Rpplyiry to the representative of Trinidad and Tobago who had requested clarification
of article 2 of the draft, he said that the coastal State had the primary right to enforce
compliance with regulations in the area under its national jurisdiction; it was to
make enforcers a rc more effective that the flag State should also be obliged to ensure
compliance with regulations. Thus, the coastal State and the flag State would ensure
compliance in the c ouomic zone, and the flag State would enforce compliance in areas
beyond national jurisdiction. he interpreted "flag State" as referring to any State
with which a ship was registered and also any State in which installations that could
cause pollution, such as drilling platforms, were registered. Article 7 of the draft
explained which State shculd be primarily responsible for enforcing the convention.
He stressed that the main aim of the draft articles was to impose the obligation
on States to enforce compliance with provisions for the protection of the marine
environment, rather than to grant rights to States.
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Mr. RASHID (Bangladesh) requested clarification of the implications of
article 5, paragraph 2, of the draft articles submitted by Greece (A/CONF.62/C.3/L.4)'.
The use of the word "serious" to qualify pollution seemed to him to introduce a
subjective. element and made the right of the coastal State to inspect ships subject to
certain conditions. He felt that the coastal State should have the same right as the
flag State to inspect ships at any time deemed appropriate.
He also requested clarification of the relationship between article 6, paragraph 2,
and article 8. Article 6, paragraph 2, stated that if the flag State took no action,
the coastal State or any port State,could take action, while article 8 provided for
enforcement of the ,sentence only by the port State. Article..7 referred to the
"contracting State", which could even refer to land-locked States...
Mr. PAPAGEO.RGIOU (Greece),. replying to the representative.of Bangladesh,
offered to negotiate with regard to the use of the word "serious" in article 5,
paragraph 2, of the draft, as he agreed that it might introduce a subjective element.
He did not agree that the coastal State should have the same right of inspection as
the flag State, however. Inspection was limited to verifying that there was a valid
certificate; if the word. "serious" was deleted, the coastal State, the State through
whose territorial sea or economic zone the ship was in transit, could stop.a ship at
any time to verify its certificate, He stressed the need to avoid, as far..as possible,
stoppage of ships in transit.
With regard to article 6, paragraph 2 of the draft, he said that the purpose of
authorizing the coastal State or any port State, as well as the flag State, to.take
action, was to impose obligations on as many States as possible to enforce the
convention and any sentence for violation. Article 6 was consistent with article.8.
The port State should enforce the sentence so that there would be no iuinecessary
stoppage of ships in transit.
With regard. to article 7, he said that articles 2, 3 and 6, referred to in.
article 7, would not give land-locked countries the right to enforce the convention:
unless they were flag States.
Mr. HASSAN (Sudan), Rapporteur, commenting on article 5, paragraph 2, of the
draft articles submitted by Greece, (A/CONF.62/C.3/L.4) expressed agreement with the
representative of Bangladesh that the use of the word "serious" introduced a subjective
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(Mr. H e :n, Sudan)
element. He also suggested that the word "substantially" in article 5, paragraph 4,
introduced another subjective element. If the certificate was valid, the condition
of the ship should surely correspond substantially to the particulars in the
certificate.
Mr. PAPAGEORGIOU (Greece) said that the second sentence of article 5,
paragraph 4, to which the representative of Sudan had referred, had been taken from
the text of the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution, adopted in London in 1973.
Article 5, paragraph,1 imposed the obligation for the flag State to inspect the ship
regularly, and article u, paragraph 3, imposed the obligation for the flag State to
issue a certificate after due inspection, the certificate being valid for all States
parties. The coastal or port State inspecting a ship should ensure that the proper
certificate had been issued; if it had, no further action would be taken; if the ship
proved unseaworthy, however, further action would be taken.
Mr. MOTE (Kenya), replying to comments made by the respresentative of Japan
on the draft articles submitted by his delegation contained in document
A/CONF.62/C.3/L.2, said that the international authority should be empowered to
enforce compliance with provisions for the prevention of pollution in areas beyond
national jurisdiction, because pollution in such areas could easily drift to areas
under national jurisdiction. Some authority must ensure that the standards were
complied with in the international area. Activities in the water column should also
be controlled and regulated, perhaps not by the international authority, but by some
body such as the FAO fisheries commissions. His delegation did not feel that it would
be too cumbersome to give the international authority, whose establishment was being
considered by the First Committee, powers-to ensure that provisions for the prevention
of pollution were complied with. His delegation would make the necessary relevant
proposals in the appropriate forum.
The meeting rose at 5.40 p.m.
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