SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT B.V. DERYAGIN - S.S. DUKHIN

Document Type: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP86-00513R000310220008-5
Release Decision: 
RIF
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
100
Document Creation Date: 
January 3, 2017
Document Release Date: 
July 27, 2000
Sequence Number: 
8
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
December 31, 1967
Content Type: 
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
File: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon CIA-RDP86-00513R000310220008-5.pdf2.52 MB
Body: 
investigation of Mechanical Properties of Non-Metals. SOV/30-58-9-41/51 Conference in Leningrad Yu.N.Ryabinin on the results of researches on plasticity. A.N.Orlov, Yu.M.Plishkin on the results of theoretical cal- culations on stability conditions of a crystal model. T.A.Kontorova on the influence of anharmonic oscillations of a lattice on plastic deformation. M.V.Klassen-Neklyudova, V.A.Indenbom, A.A.Urusovskaya, G. Ye. Tomilovskiy on the results of optical crystal research. M.P.Shaskollskaya, Sun'Zhuyfan on observation of plastic deformation in rock-salt. A.A.Chernov on a kinetic equation for "steps" on the crystal surface G.G.Lemleyng Ye.D.Dukova presented a film on the formation of displaced growth centers and the vaporization of crystals. V.N.Rozhanskiy, Yu.V.Goryunov, Ye.D.Shchukin, N.V.Pertsov observed the emersion of dislocations on the crystal surface as well as the development of fissures. R.I.Garber, Ye.A.Tsinzerling, M.A.Chernysheva on Problems of mechanic twin formation of crystals Ye-M.Yelistratov gave values obtained ~y radiographic examinations Card 2 of mixed crystals and metallic alloys. t Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Non-Metals. SOV/30-58-9-4/51 Conference in Leningrad D.M.Visillyev examined micro-voltage ocourrJng at plastic deformation in orystals. U.I.Bessonov, S.K.Zakharov, G.A.Lebedev, Ye.A.Kuvshinskiy on the strength of amorphous bodies, especially polymers. S.N.Zhurkov, V.A.Marikhin, A.I.Slutsker on. the submicroscopic porosity of deformed polymers. A.S.Akhmatov, L.V.Koshlakova, M.V.Vollkenshteyn, A.I.Kitaygo- rodskiy on defective orystallic states. A.F.Ioffe, Member, Academy of Sciences, USSR, closed the conference. Card 3/4 MMYAGIN, B.V.; ZAMAVAYEVA, U.N.; FILIPPOVSKIY, V.V.; TALAYXV, M.V. j)etermizdng total specific surface areas of powdered and porous bodies [with summary in Inglish]. Inzh.-fiz.zhur. 1 no. 8- 98-101 Ag 158. (MIRA 11:8) 1. Inatitut, f izicheskoir khS;WU-.-AN SSSR, Moskva. (Surfmices-Measuivei6t) .jI - - AUTHORS: Dukhin, S.S.; Deryagin, B. 6.9-2 -4-11124 TITLE: on a Method of--Clrmputing the Deposition of Disperse Particles From a Flow on an Obstacle (K metodike rascheta osazhdeniya dispersnykh chastits iz potoka na prepyatstviya) PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, 1958, vol XX, Nr 3, pp 326-526 (USSR) ABSTRACT: In the physics of aerosols the problem of the seposition of aerosols from a flow on an obstacle is very important. For the calculation of the particles deposited in the time unit on the obstacle, it is sufficient to determine the coeffi- cient of capture E equal to the relation of the cross section of the flow to the largest cross section of the obstacle. If the inertia of the aerosol or colloidal particle circum- venting the obstacle is negligible and the fieli of external forces is solenoidal, then the computed concentration of the particles along their trajectory is constant. This theorem permits, in a simple manner, the calculation of the deposition speed of particles on obstacles, e.g, emerging bubbles or descending balloons. CarA.J"P-- There are 2 references, 1 Soviet and 1 English, 2) EP, Y P 6: /Ii 9, Taubman, A.B. 5(-,11-69 2-z/~ TITLE: The Fourth All-Union Conference on Colloidal Chemi.-;rry (Chet_ vertaya vsesoyuznaya konferentsiya po kolloidnoy khim'Li) PERIODICAL: Kolloidnyy zhurnal, 19~58, Vol XX, Nr 5, pp 677-679 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The Fourth-All-Uni.on Conference on Colloidal Chemistry iock place in Tbilisf~ from - IL,aY-12 - 16, -'1'9-'5 8, 11-io're t 1, 'an 15 0 D a D e r s m- paper is ory we,re presented, A ~ V , D i i in-: 3-1 zi -yr e -a on the M t of colloidal-chemical investigations in the tJSSR~ The con- ference heard the following reports: V..A, Yargin, V,.;';. Tsvet- kov, S.14. Lipatov, on 1)olyrrers, their solut-icns and semi- colloids; A.I. Yurzhenko, Khom.:_kovskiy, on the rnec~:a- nism of er~ulsion polymerization; B,A, Dogadkin, or, 'he pro- duction and the prOTerties of the inte--polymer of natural and butadienestyrene rubber; P.1. Zubov, or the mechanism of the formation of polymer films in gluinE processes; SS, Voyutskiy and D.M. Sandomirczkiy, on colloid prcpertlies of latex systems; A.S, Kuzlminskly and A.-P. Pisarenko, on the properties of rubber and res-ir solutio-ns; V,A, Pchc-7-~_n. on the structural-mechanical properties of gplatine gels, Ji.A. Demchenko, on solubilization in soap sc~ution5; A.V. Du- Card 1/4 manskiy, on new methods fDr inv-?s,~igating the structures of Thd Fourth All-Union Conference on Colloidal Chemistz-y S(,,V-69-2 C -5-.23/2 Soaps and gels; P.A. Rebinder and his school. on Btru3ture formation in Solidification processes of bindi-g materials; A.A. Trapeznikov, 3,3, 'loyutskiy, B.Ya. YaT.-pol'skiy, G,V, Vinogradov, on probl~~ms of rheology and structure formation in oleophilic systems; L,.A, Kozarovitskiy on the mechanism of the printing process and the infbionce of the rheological properties of printinE, dyes; I.N. Vlodavets, P.A. Reb-inder on the process of structure formation in food stuffs; 11,I, Likhtman, G.l.,. :.trtenev, Ye,D. Shchukin, P.A. Rebinder, on deform tion procebzes, the rheological conduct and the de- struction of solids and metals; P.A, Tiosen (GD11), on the surface dispersion of solid bod"es: Linde (GDR), on the in- fluence of surface layers on *;he kinetics of heterogeneous processes of diffusion exchange; 7.*.Ye. Sliishniashvili, Y,P, Volarovich, N.N. Serb-Serbina, N.Ya. Denisov, Z,Ya. Berest- neva, A.S. Korzhuyev, S.P, liichiporenko, G.V, Kukoleva, F,D, Ovcharenko, I.11. Ant_Jpov-I:arataye,,, oil structu-re formation in the colloidal chemistry of clays and peatj 2.V, De~r~,agiwn, on the interact-Lon of twisted metal threads i-*i solutions 0~1 electrolytes; A.D. Shel;~dko, 1,`,.B. Rzjdvinskiy, on the resist- ance of free films and foams; S,V, 1:erpin, on the hydrome- chanics and thermodynamics of' thin Mine and their influence Card 2/4 on soil properties; S.Yu, Yolovich, on catalyt-Lc processes SOV-69-20-5-23/23 The Fourth All-Union Conference on Colloidal Chemistry in foams; Yu. M. Glazman, on the first mathematical theory of ion antagonism; O.N, Grigorov, D.A, Fridrikhsberg, S,G. Teletov, on the electrokinetic properties of colloids in connection with their coagulation by electrolytes; Ye,Y.. 17.apobashvili on radiation colloidal chemistry; B,A,, Dogad- kin, on the chemical sorption of sulfur and rubber on car- bon black; S.G. Mokrushir, or. the formation of thin colloi- dal films, N.A. Krotova, on the influence of an electrical field on the dispersion of a liquid; E,bl, Natanson; V,G, Levich, L.Ya. Kremnev, A.B, Taubman, on the resistance of emulsions and suspensions in connection with the stabili- zing action of structure-mechanical properties cf protec- tive surface layers; P.S, Prokhorov, B,.V, Deryae-in, G.I. Izmaylova, S.S. Dukh_Jn, on the adsorption of v~~p-�rs by con- densation nuclei and the-i-- influence on the formation of water aerosols; P.I. Kaishev, O.Y. Todes, on the kinetics of formation anddestruction of aerosols; A.B. ITaubman, on Card 3/4 the kinetic wetting in the process of collecting dust by use The Fourth All-Union Conference on Colloidal Chemistry of solutions of surface-active M.N. Dubinin, B.P. Bering, V,V, novich, L.V, Radushkevich, G,V, ler-ko, on the adsorption from vapors sov-69-20-5-23,123 substances; A.N.. Frumkin, Serpinskiy., V,T.,~- Luk'ya- Tsitsishviii, N,F, Yermo- and liquids. 1. Chemistry--USSR 2. Colloids.--Chemical prope--nties Card 4/4 - -)Y/6-:) - ", /15 AUTHORS: Dukhin, S.S., Deryagrin, B.V. s, -20-6 TITLE: The Secondary (Diffusion) Electrical Double Layer (Vtorichnyy (diffuzionnyy) dvoynoy elektri,-,heskiy sloy) PERIODICAL: Xolloidnyy zhurnal, 1958, vol 20, Nr 6, PP 705-707 (USSR) ABSMICT.- On the mobile interface of two media, of which at least one is an electrolyte, an ordinary (diffusion) electrical double layer appears due to the interaction of diffusion and ionic migration in an electric field. There is also a secondary (diffusion) electrical double layer arising from the inter- action between convective diffusion and ionic migration in an electric field. The charge of the inner layer is due to deviation from electrical neutrality. The charge of the oliter layer is located in tho electrolyte layer adjacent to the interface and is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. There is 1 Soviet reference. AUTHORS". -Deryagin, B. V., Abrikosova, 1. it 76-32-2-31/38 TITLE'. The Direct Measurenent of the Molecular Attraction of Solids (Fryamyye izmereniya molekuly&,-nogo prityazlieniya tverdykh te? FIRIODICAL: Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, 1958, Vol. 32, Nr 2, pp. 44-2-J453 (USSR). ABSTRACT'. Summarizing, the following in stated. 1. - The authors found a method for the measurement of the forces of interaction of comparatively smooth transparent solid bodies in dependence on tho distance between them; this method is per-forried by meaw. ,~f beam microbalances with negative photoelectromagretic feedback. The distance between the bodies is computed according to the diameters of Newton rings. The range of measured forces is I - 2'lo-4 - 2o dyn, the distance is lo-5 - 1o-3 cm. 2. - The molecular attraction between the quartzglass samples was state'. and measured. The energy of attraction between two platelets u (H) per 1 =4 changes with the distance H between them accor= ding to a law-closely proportional to H- 3 and amounts to about. Card 1/ 4 1710-1jerg at H - 1,5.16*5 cm. The Direct Measurement of the Molecular 7 6-32 -2 - _3 1/3 8 Attraction of Solids 3. - The authors proved experfLmentally that the forze of attrac- tion between the spherical and plane surface is proportional to the spherical radius which fait corresponds to 'L;').e concepticns on the molecular nature of these forces, 4o - kn analy&i_~ of the present stage of development. of t~e problem ~X-nr~,~rning the for~ss of molecular interaction is given. It is shown Uat th~i usua1l), applied idea on the additivitY of the mclecular for,.ei c-f alkA.-a- tion in condensed media apl~ears to be fowided ne--ther thecre"%~-; cally nor experimentally. 5. - Experimenta~'y t!)e aut~)~Drzl pr cv e the incorrectness of the computations of mole-1-til-ar attrac'_',~_13 of macro objects by means of adding the interaction of tAne nol,a~ cular pairs computed according to London's formula ~'refer;~n-_e _Q when the distance between the surfaces is 1'1c~ & .,-m and mcl_~c Better results are obtained Yhen the electromagnetic ret-;arda-%_`Dr1 of the propagation of the respective forces is taken int: 6. - The experimental data aETee with Ye. M. Lifshit?s the'--y., This agreement proves the hypothesis of P. N. Lebede-! cn tn-1 electromagnetic nature of molecular forces, 7 . - Th, no'--:-ular attraction between samples of a thallium-halide- :rixed anal Card 2/4 the chromium-quartz pair was also measured, The resalt~ of thise The Direct Measurement of the Molecullar 76-32-2-31/3& Attraction of Solids measurements (also within the lf,mits of experimental errors) coincide with Ye. Lifshit's 1~heory. According to this the ,orces in these cases with the same distances are h - 5 times greater than in the case of the quartz-quartz pair. 8. - As long as the H-4 lawfor u (h) of London-Hamaker (references and 7) follows as a boundary case from the theory of Ye. M. Lif= shit for small dLstances, where the electromagnetic retardation does not become manifest, the proof of this theory makes it possible to apply the corresponding B-4 law to small distances. The deviation from the H-a law observed with great distances (10-5cm) tending towards a decrease points at a small influence of molecular forces on the coagulation velocity of aerosols with .9 a particle diameter exceeding 3'1o cm . 9. - The authors point out that the values of measurement for the forces of molecular attraction between the bodies in the experiments of J. Th. G. Overbeek and M. I. Sparnay (references 3 and 14) exceed the theore- tical values as well as those of the authors by 3 - 4 orders of magnitude; this is apparently the case because in these measure= Card 3/4 ments the effects not connected with molecular forces did not show The Direct Measurement of the Lblecular 76-32-2-31/38 Attraction of Solids up. lo. - The results obtained with quartz samples coincide with the results of the measurements of Y. A. Kitchener and A. P. Prosser (carried out according to the method of Overbeek and Sparnay) (reference 15). There are lo figures, and 24 references, 11 of whi,7h ar- Soviet. ASSOCIATIO14: A S USSR, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Moscow (Akademiya nauk SSSR,Institut fizicheskoy kh.-mii, 1;o-skva) SUBMITTED; June lo, 1957. 1. Solids--Tfieory '2. Molecules-Electromagnetic properties 3. Microbalances-Equipment Card 4/4 1 1 53-64-3-5/6 AUTHORS: DeryaGin, B. V Abrikosova, 1. 1. Lifshits, Ye. M. TITLEt Tbe Molecular Attraction of Condensed Bodies 01olekulyarnoye ]?rityazheniye kondensirovannyl-th tel) PERIODICALt Uspekbi ?izicheskikh Nauk, 19158, Vol- 64, Rr 3, PP- 493-526 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The present survey is divided into: introduction, the theories of molecular interaction between micro-objects, and a cri-. ti4w of their use with macro-objects, the theory of molecular attraction between condensed bodies, the method of measurement (the principal scheme of measurement, the objects of measure- ment, the microweights with inverse binding for the measure- ment of the interaction force between solids, the beam cf ba- lance, compensating. and follow-up systems, the constructive shape of the apparatus, the process of measurements, the ad- justing, the regulation and calibration of wei,,-,bts, the meth- od of measurement of the distance between the bodies to be investigated, the preparation of the surfaces to be investi- Card 1/2 gated), the results of the measurements. The discussion of The Molecular Attraction of Condensed Bodiej) 53-64-3-5/8 -the results (the analysis of the measurin.- results, the com- parison with theo.ry, a compardson with the macroscopic theory of molecular attraction, the use in the theory of coagulation and in the theory of dampdning). There are 19 figures, 1 table, and 27 references, 12 of which are Soviet. properties 2. Molecules--Theory Card 2/2 AUTHOR3: iibdrakhnunova, I. F., Deryagin, B. I., SOV/20-120-1-24/67 Co-rr',jpondirig, Membor,-KC-aTelay of 3ciences ) Uj3R TITLE: The Surface Conductivity of juL,rtz z,, Uic Oi fsorbed Layera (1-overkhziostn.:,~- .,,.L~ - prisutstvii adoorbirovannykii 8loyev) k -:'il 1 U.D I OA L Do'g, lade, Akadnaii nauk jjjR, 1c,158, Vol. 1:-'U, .1 j- 94 - 97 .UB3'.L-RACT: Til;-- present pcper inw~.,-,ti---tau the SULI'LLOe COl'UUL~tiV:L%,- Z. quizrtz in sto,Ja jvnzene vLl~jO17;3 ) k;C.L in The uppar-tus for the investig,,Ltiz~n of conductivity at the surface aw; produced uf qu-rt-~ The i,in-shaped -2urnplen ,Atli a diL..metof. of' 1 f~=. J.-a-,m frow, of olitica.'. ~)avni-r. The conducLivity A tlio i vak~wl,;i ti V i t'.., 0 in the s-ml)l,-,s t;7e;Ael in - t:, ied -, c~ A:,~ i3 to -t i-~ -:-'i u,~,, , purif. :), ~tf.,z. -linlwl-, t~ q r 7, -l sm~~llcr than 16 ILt Zonl3tullL C; The Sui-fac ~ Livit,- of 4uiftZ i:. ~he SO V1 2"J-1 2,)-1 --Z,t'll Ij/ps (p or po resj;ectively denote the prej~iur---s ~)f 11hu, "iturated VLLPUrS A I , -lQfL I T c A C: denot-az3 u const-,nt t---iajer-turc-,, Ue conLiuctiii-..-, ~-'L tl.:~e jurf-ce fir6t ~,ui,;Ll.- incraasei, re"chej 4 ,~vudually decreases Bind reche., LL co,,.jtL;.nt v-lu~ ftle.~- 10 to 20 iainute3, ~vhich corresponds to thu --iv,~.j -,---lue of Such lcineti~; curve~3 were PlOttt--,! ICOI.- LIll ~i subst~mc,~s. A diL,I-,%.ra 3no-~vs the kinct-J,-- curvus f~2.r -tii lcohol, butyl~l,:ohol, hexylal,::ohol, -iw "'dithin the interv---l of the reLative ~ru,~surcs L'ro~,- t 1 the electric cond-a~;tivi-L-J~ of Ldcohol., onune,-:~~ e 3-fold, wd,,- the ;"Z-e Of is oonsiderably i;r~~utcr. 4ithin one Lind tha L u the chLago of the --alativc prugsuoe the den5it, of U11le C, duform-C.-d fil-,- inca.-easos ~,,uicker than the ~;o: ,dluc:,~ivit, In tho -.0t ~11 om adoor, tien ILLZIer C~ - , 3- J at the aurfac;c of' the quartz. T `icn t.1,0 Z-orbr--d -..- olecula~ - .3ir AxL~nsitio 1 Lo ,i- i I th, i C-rd 2/3 L.d.-;cjr- tiun cmcrey ~v,i vin.3. The rosult~; obt-iiie.~ --C) yet The Surface Conductivity of Quartz in the P.resence SOV/20-120-1-24/63 of Adsorbed Layers make it possible to draw any definite conclusions as to wheiher a surface conduction dependent on ions and electrons actually takes place. There are 3 figures, 1 table , and 9 references, 8 of which are Soviet. ASSOCIATION: Laboratoriya poverkhnostnykh yavleniy Instituta fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Laboratory of Surface Phenomena of the Institute of Physical Chemistry, AS USSR) SUBMITTEDz January 21, 1958 1. Quartz--Surface propertieE 2. Quartz--Conductivity 3. Vapors--Applications 4. Alcohols--Applications Card 3/3 5W A.UTHORS., DukhIn , S, SN/2o. 121-3-5o/47 Corresponding Member. Academy of Sciences, USSR TITLE The Diffusional, Electri---,al Pot~rillial if a Falling Drop With an Adsorption Layer (Diffa-Awino elektricheskiy potentsial padayut3hchey 1:apl! si adsorbtSionnytr, slayelm) PERIODICAL: Daklady Akademii rauk SSSR. 1958, Vol, 121, Nr 1, PF. 503 - 5o6 (USSR) ABSTRACT: This paper oarr-Jes out a quali.tative ir~vest:Lgation of the aclsorp-.1on Of LWO types of ions from Lhe solution of an eleotrolyte on the mo--,able stzrface of a dro-,,~ The a,oproxlilmlalue conser~,ation of electroneutral ity of the double layer (d-,,oynoy sloy) ~ahiclh is constantly regenerated) requires approx1mately equal numbers cf the positive and negative charges wt:ch --bandcr *,he volume of the solution. If the diffusion coefficients- of the positives and of the negat2ve charges do riot c.olncide ar, electromagretic~ field will compensate the of ztne post~tive and ne.-ative --,un-3 to cne SUrface- Tho:~ phenomena of this Card 1/3 kind are analogoas to the potent.ials, This paper The Diffusion-al, Ele(,trical Potentiu, of a F,,tl.'; !!',g S OV /2 ~~' 1421 3--30/47 Drop With an Adsorption Layer intiestigatc-2 the difftisi~~na-A', f,-leotri-~al effects ct-currine during he fall'ing of an drop in a iiquid or Easel,us medium (for example, in oil cr air), For the sake of simplicity., "his Medium is assumed to t,e fre-~ frrm ions. In order to "'Ieterm-Lne the el,--~ctric potential it-, the iolurae uC the drop, Jtl is ne,--e-5sar," to inveatigate the con-z:inuity equations for ion flows i-- the volume cf the electrolyte, The normal comporent of the current on the surface of the drop Is (in first approximation) equaj to zero. It can be shown by analyses or by thermal analogy that the problem under discussion has only a trivial solution. Authors t-ben inveoti~Mte the probleri of the electric field cf a for the opecial case of small differences of 1~on r)oncentratioii. A Condition is 'hen g-.Ven for the diffusic..n. '.,,,ithirt the drop, it determines the order of -,ia,znitude of i;,,e ra-1-4-o between convective and diffusion 4. flow Firall-, an expression is deri-ved for the distril-tit-ion of potentiai~ The calculation valueo of electric field ~-,tre:-.;,th do not occur in concrete Card 2/3 exuerimen-tal ucnrl-ition3 since the el.-otrocapillary influence The Diffusional-Llectrical Potential of a Falling SOY/2o-121-3-30/47 Drop With an Adsorption Layet- of the surface was not taken into account. There are 3 references, 3 of which are Soviet. ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR(Institute of Physical Chemistry AS USSR) SUBMITTED: April 59 1958 Card 3/3 5W AUTHORS: Deryagin, B. V.-,,'Corresponding Member, SOV/2c)-121-5-31/50 -AcaU-em-y-BoT'Sciences, USSR, Smigla, V. P. TITLE: The Electron Theory of the Adhesion of Metals Connected by a Semiconductor Layer (Elektronnaya teoriya adgezii metallov, soyedinennykh poluprovodnikovoy prosloykoy) PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol 121, Nr 5, pp 877 - 8Bo (USSR) ABSTRACT: Hitherto, the double layer and the adhesion forces of a thin semiconducting sheet (which is inclosed between two different metals) have been investigated only qualitatively. The authors use the mathematical analogy of this problem with the problem of the electrostatic interaction of two differently char&ed surfaces which are separated by a electrolyte layer. This paper deals only with the case in which there are only carriers of one kind in the semic--iductor. Only a small part of the impurity centers is assumed to be Card 113 ionized. In this case, the equilibrium distribution of the The Electron Theory of the Adhesion of Metals Connected SOV/2o-121-5-R)1/50 by'a Semiconductor Layer charCes is determined by the equation of Poisson (Puasson) - Boltzmann (Bolltsman). The adhesion force of the film with respect to any metal is equal to 2 2 F=e E boundary /Sn where Eboundary denotes the field strength within the semiconductor on the boundary with the corresponding metal. The problem, therefore, consists of the determination of E on the right and left boundaries of the films. Then boundary conditions for the above mentioned Poisson-Boltzmann equation are given explicitly. This equation together with the boundary conditions is absolutely equivalent to the corresponding problem in the theory of the hetero- coagulation of colloids for the interaction through a binary symmetric electrolyte. A certain difference between the 2 analogous metals is then discussed. By a variation of the thickness of the film the adhesion force is changed equally for both of the metals. The mathematical calculations may be carried out as in the Card 2/3 papers on the theory of heterocoagulation. The adhesion The Electron Theory of the Adhesion of' Metals Connected SOV/2o-121-5-31k;O by a Semiconductor Layer of' the film incrqases monotonously if H decreases. The following interesting conclusion may be drawn from the above given considerations: If the thickness of the film (enclosed between 2 different metallic surfaces) is adequately diminished, the density of the double layer (and therefore also the adhesion forces) Carl, always be increased. There are 4 figures and 4 re-fer- ences,&Uof which are Soviet. ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of Physical Chemistry AS USSR) SUBMITTED: April 8, 1958 Card 3/3 5W SOV/2o-122-6-26/49 AUTHORS: Smilga, V. P., D6ryagLn-., B. V., Corresponding Member, AS USSR RA TITLE: The Ole of the Surface Properties of a Semiconductor in Adhesion Phenomena (Roll poverkhnostnykh svoystvpoluprovodnika v yavleniyakh adgezii) PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol 122, Nr 6, PP 1049-1052 (USSR) ABSTRACT: On the basis of various earlier papers the authors first give a short report on the present stage of the problem. It is known that the surface states of semiconductors can be produced by stripping of the periodic structure (surface zones by I. Ye. Tamm) and by the presence of a large number of impurity centers on the surface. In the scheme investigated, the surface levels of the second type (surface zones accord- ing to I. Ye. Tamm) are taken into account, and the presence of 2 types of surface states (donors and acceptors) is assumed. This scheme agrees essentially with that of V. Bratten and J. Bardeen (Dzh. Bardin) (Ref 4). The model used in this case permits a good classification of quantitative regularities. Card 115 The present paper investigates a semiconductor with carriers SOV/2o-122-6-20'/49 The R^Ole of the Surface Properties of a Semiconductor in Adhesion Phenomena of a single type. To be precise, an electron-semiconductor is investigated. The position of the surface levels is shown by a schematical drawing. This scheme corresponds to a nega- tively charged sur-face. A second drawing shows the d-zone- scheme for the case in which contact between the semiconductor and the metal is established through a narrow gap. Another case is, however, possible, in which electric field strength has different signs on the two sides of the semiconductor surface. According to the authors' opinion, it is convenient to subdivide all cases of contact between a semiconductor an a metal into two groupsz 1) The electric field has the same direction on both sides of the semiconductor surface; 2) It has different directions. Calculations are followed step by step and numerical results are given by a table. Field strength in the gap increases rapidly with an increasing number of centers. At the point of contact fields occur which cause an adhesive fo ce amounting to a two-figure number of kilograms per cm5. There are L, 3 fig-ures, 1 table, and 4 references, 3 of which are Soviet. Card 2/~_ DERYAG11-4, L. V. "Original Devices for the Investigation of Disperse Systems or Surface Particles in the Flow ~flow ultramicroscope, flowmeter of condensation nuclei etc ). ff "The Peculiarities of Heterocoagulation, the laements of the Theory of This Effect.1' report presented at the Section on Colloid Chemistry, VIII Mendeleyev Conference of General and Applied Chemistry, Moscow, 16-23 March 1959. (Koll. Zhur. v. 21, No. 4, PP. 509-511) ~04RULV) V..V. and DERYD4GIN, B. V. "New Results in the Measuring of the Viscosity Of Fine Wall (pristennyy) Layers of a Liquid With the Aid of the Viscometric Blowing Out Method." report presented at the Section on Colloid Chemistry, VIII Mendeleyev Conference of General and Applied Chemistry, Moscow, 16-23 March 1959- (Koll. Zhur. v. 21, No. 4, PP. 509-511) ,qNTLGA, V. P. and DERYAGIN, B. V. "The Role of Electrons In The Adhesion Theor~j." r,2port presented at the Secbion on Colloid Chemistry, VIII Mendeleyev Conference of General and Applied Chemistry, Moscow, 16-23 March 1959. (Koll. Zhur. v. 21, No. 4, PP- 509-511) 5~4) FRM I 1300K EXPWITAT1014 SOV/3054 Deryagin, Boris Vladimirovich, Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences, an~;rg~ey ~mov Cc7i Piziko-khimiya naneseniya tonkikh sloyev na dvizhushchuyuaya podlozhka (Physics and Chemistry of the Application of Thin Coatings to Moving Film Bases) Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. 207 P. Errata slip inserted. 4,000 copies printed. Sponsoring Agencies: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Institut fizicheskoy khimii, and Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-isoledovatellskiy kinofoto:Lnstitut Ministerstva kulltury OSSR. Zd. of Publishing House: A. L. Bankvitser; Tech. Ed.. I. I. Guoeva. PURPOSE: This book is intended for technical personnel producing film and paper for photographic purposes. COVERAGE: The book contains comprehensive data on the methods used In applying thin emulsive coatings to flexible, moving sub-layers (film bases) to obtain modern, high-quality color and black-vhite, light-sensitive materials. Card 1/5 Physics and Chemistry (Cont.) SOV/3054 Factors, besides the viscosity of the liquid , which affect coating thick- ness are considered: a) wetting kinetics as a function of the formation speed of a meniscus between the emulsion surface and the film base; b) the radian angle (formed by the meniscus) on the rate of flow of the meniscus, including the case at high film-base speeds where the radian angle reaches a limit value of 1800 and begins to degrade the completeness of contact be- tween the liquid and the film base; etc. Besides theories on the production, application, and check of coatings, methods for physicochemical investigations and wetting and non-wetting phenomena during the application of coatings are studied. A theory based on the attractive forces between liquid and film base is set forth and results are discussed. 0. K. Smirnov assisted in compiling the monograph (Cbapter VnIJ, article 6), and M. I. Shor, Chief Engineer of Photographic Paper Factory no. l- wrote Chapter VII. References accompany each chapter. TABLIR OF CONTEM: Yoreword Introduction Card 2/5 Physics and Chemistry (Cont.) SOV/3054 Ch. 1, Investigation of a Thin Liquid Film Deposited As It Flovs From a Vertical Wall or When Carried Off by a Moving Substrate 9 Ch. Il. The Theory of Wetting (Coating) a Moving Substrate With a Viscose Liquid 15 Ch, III. The Theory of Wetting (Coating) a Moving Substrate With a Visco- plastic Liquid 31 The thicImess of a film deposited upon a sitrface drawn out of a liquid by a vertical wire or upon the walls of a capillary tube 39 Tbr- thiclamss of a liquid film held in quasi-equtilibrium as a capillary meniscus due to shearing stress at the surface of contact 42 Ch. IV. Proof of the Wetting Theory for a Viscous Liquid and Problems of Applying the Theory to the Wetting (Coating) of Film 46 Production of Photographic Film Materials 56 Introduction 56 Proof of the wetting equation 59 Special features in the use of the wetting equation for technical purposes 63 Card 3/5 Physics and Chemistry (Cont.) SOV/3054 Temperature conditions of wetting 68 Bone technical peculiarities of wetting 71 proof of the wetting theory under cond--vtions of actual production 79 Ch. VI. Some Physicochemical Properties of Gelatin and Photographic Emlsions Wbich Determine Wetting Conditions 84 Introduction 84 The molecular structure of gelatin 84 Methods of measuring viscosity and slutaring stress at the contact surface 91 A method of measuring surface tension 95 Measuring the viscosity of gelatin solutions depending upon some physicochemical and technical factors 98 Research in the field of replacing gelatin by high-molecular substances 113 Ch. VII. Technical Checking of the Wetting Proceas During Actual Pro- duction 132 Computational method of introducing the wetting process 133 The solution of some technical problems on the basis of the wetting theory 139 Card 4/5 Physica and Chemistry (Cont.) SOV/3054 Computation of permissible variations when masuring viscosity 140 Computation of permissible variations when teaswring temperature 141 Computation of permissible variations in the level of an emulsion in a cuVette 141 Ch. VIII. Wetting in the Process of Applying Photographic EMUIBlons to Flexible Substrates 143 Investigating the kinetics of non-wetting 147 The general theory of kinetic wetting 150 The influence of dynamic surface tension 160 Kinetics of addorption at the "Solution-air" interface 164 C11mical properties and structure of wetting agents suitable for applying photographic emulsions 16q Investigation of the wetting action of surface-active substances (wetting agents) during the application of photographic emalsions 177 Ourface tension of water solutions and gelatin solutions of wetting agents and their adsorption 178 Influence of the structure of wetting agentp im kinetic wetting 192 Anti-"cozet" /locals cC nor.-vetting/ action 44d the structure of wetting agents 200 AVTATABT -. Library of Congress Card 5/5 DI/08 2/3/6o Sov/'i8o- 59-1-16/29 AUTHORS: Der~ S.C (Moscow) 4LI14-B.V. and Dukhin, ;. - TITLE: Theory of the Movement of Mineral Particles near a Rising Bubble Applied to Flotation (Teoriya dvizheniya iainerallnykh chastits vblizi irsplyvayushchego puzyr-1ka v primenenii k flotatsii) PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh nauk~ Metallurgiya i toplivo. 1959, Nr 1, pp 82-89 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The authors distinguish two stages in the attachment of a mineral particle to a bubble -L'n flotation. In the first stage the parti.-le approaches the bubble surface so closely that forces promoting or hindering adhesion can develop, This stage has not previously received attention, and the authors now give a theoretical treatment3, following the extensive work of one of them (Deryagin) in this field. They conclude that if "tarbulization" (setting in turbulent motion) of the pulp and deviation of the bubble and mineral-grain shapes from spherical are ignored and the treatment is restricted to grains small compared with the bubbles the problem becomes similar to the trapping of Card 1/3 mist droplets. They discuss the influence of the ratio of the particle size -to the minimum size at which contact due SOV/1.80 - 59-1-16/29 Theory of the Movement of Mineral Particles near a Rising Bubble Applied to Flotation solely to inertial forces is still possible, and of the values of the Reynolds number and another dimensionless group. The second stage, in which the particle becomes attached to the bubble, they show to depend on the point of contact and the contact velocity and give equations and data for the calculations. The equations obtained for the probability of contact are necessary for calcula- ting the rate of flotation. Since the particle diameter greatly affects this probabilityg the authors emphasize that in considering the selectiveness of flotation the degree of dispersion of particles must be allowed for; Card 2/3 this may be done by using the equations given. sov,/18o-5q_i-16/2q Theory of the Movement of Mineral Particles near a Rising Bubble Applied to Flotation There are 8 references, 6 of which are Soviet and 2 are mixed English-Soviet. ASSOCIATION: Kavkazskiy institut minerallnogo syriya (Caucasian Mineral Raw-Materials Institute),Mlnisterstvo geologii I okhrany nedr SSSR (Ministry of Geology andOmservation cf lUneral Resmrcea of the USRSR) SUBMITTED: March 26, 1958 Card 3/3 SIOVI80-59- 2-25/34 AUTHORS; Deryagin, B.V.j and Mikhellson, M.L. (Moscow, Krivoy Rog) TITLE: Condensation Method 9f3ust Catching for Precipitating Mine Dust (Kondensatsionnyy metod pyleulavlivaniya dlya osazhdeniya rudnichnoy pyli) PERIODICAL: Izvestiya akademii nauk SSSR7 Otde-'Leniye tekhnicheski!~L nauk, Metallurgiya i toplivo., 19592Nr 2,pp 124-138 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The authors have participated in proposals for a type cf condensation filter (Refs 1-3) which is effective but not suitable for underground use because of size and constructional complexity. They now describe a simpler and more compact variant in which supersaturatio"I dust-laden air is achieved by evar ..on of disr)9_-;.~d hot water droplets under turbulence F_J shows a schematic view of the 2ondensatJ_(_-;n f.-11tar, consisting of an evaporation 7,c,no_, fol-J.owo-d by a in which condensation on the dust' particlas ccxirs, and finally some means for tra~pi-n,g t'-le condensed droplet.3 (with their dust particles, . The aii'l-l-lors discus3 ~~a:!n these zones in detail, using siinplifyin~- a3SUI-aptiCnS for Card 1/3 their calculations. Fig 6 s*aoirs an ra~;sd at 8 m3/sec) at the "Severnaya" rril.-Lie of im. Ki:~-_va RIF SO V/1 3'0 - 59 - 2- 25/3'r Condensation Yethod of Dust Catching for Precipitating 1V ine Diras (im. Kirov mine Management), of t-he "Dzerzhinskruda" trust. This is fitted with a type VM-670 fan and 6 V77,e Mak-NII nozzles. Water passos to these via a 100-114 heater. The droplets are trapped in a mist trap, followed by a multi-layer metal mesh for trapping larEar particles. For studying the effec'.1-iveness of the installation a Deryagin - Vlasqi-~,-c. (Ref 11) floif ul'u-.7,a- microscope was used. The meE.:a dust-particle radiiii w:,.,i 0.12 microns, initial air temporature 12.6 - 1-1.6 OC initial humidity 96 - 98%. 1he resulGs without and with condensation for this and also a SiM4 lar 1.5 mDVsec Installation are shown in Table The enerly consumption to achieve over abcxit 3 KWH11000 m3. The authors tho-J-1. on the development of the rietlh_cd -_-*_-_-_-'i Card 2/3 will facilitate its adoption in industry. Its use i1i the metallurgical and chemical industries would be very sov/18o-59-2-25/34 Condensation Method of Dust Catching fo-.^ Precipitating Mine Dust promising, particularly with the use of free sources of heat. Card 3/3 There are 6 figures, 3 tables and 13 references, 12 of which are Soviet and 1 English. SUBMITTED: October 8, 1958 5(0) , 2140) SOV/30-59-5-9/43 ATJTFMR: - Deryagin, B. V. , Corresponding kenber, Academy of So; ences, USSR TITLE: The Role of the Surface Forces in the Kinetics of Surface Phenomena (Rol' poverkhnostnykh sil v kinetike poverkhnost'. yavleniy) PERIODICAL: Vestnik Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Nr 5, PP 35 - 42 (USSR) ABSTRACT: The problem investigated has to be solved by methods of rbsico- chemical kinetics. In this connection the author of tht, -.-u-lent paper rtaers to the paper by V. G. Levich and his own paper according to Smolukhovskiy'-s method (-'.3ObU-6U 1). The task of investigating the forces of surface i,3~eraotion was for the first time set by the author in the Labcratory of Surface Phenomena of the Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akalemii nauk SSSR (Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AcadeW of Sciences, USSR.) In the course of experiments the existence of repulsive forces was discovered, of wbich S. V. Nerpin, M. K. Mel'nikova made use in their im investigations as well as the author and L. D. Landau. G. T. Kroyt 4 retorts in his book on the theory of colloid t ~ ( ! " d di id f th 1l t A - an e co ies o o s7 ai it e r eological proper 3 s . y persion systems are of great importance apart from stability. In Card 1/3 the Soviet Union these investigations are carried out by The Role of ibe Surface Forces in the Kinetics of Surface SOV/30-59-5-9/43 Phenomena M. F. Volarovich and his school, D. S. Velikovsl4y, M.M. Kusakov. The phenomena of thixotropy are in the USSR investigated by the school of P. A. Rebinder and G. V. Vinogradov. In connection with this the papers by D. M. Tolstoy, S. V. Nerpin, 1. P. Yefremov are mentioned. A. N. Fr=kin and B. N. Kabanov emphasized for the first t~jne the importance of the thin liquid layers between bubbles and mineral particles. S. S. Dukhin and the author of the present paper pointed out the existence of an electric interaction between the moving bubbles and the particles and refer in this connection to tb~ papers by A. N. Frumkin, V. G. Levioh (foatnote 5). By means of the model method S. M. Levi and 0. K. Sm-.Lrnov succeeded in obtaining a marked increase of the oritioal moistening velocity (kriticheskaya sko- rost' amachivanlys.) of nitrocellulose cel:is and, thus secured a more rapid and perfect applying of the light-sensitive emulsion. The papers by N. 1. Shishkin (footaptid 7), P. S. Prokhorov, G. I. lzmaylova, L. Xrystanov, and R. KaiAev (Bulgaria) i;,vestigate the effect of the surface forces upon clouds. P. S. Prokhorov, L. F. Leonov, S. S. Dukhin, S. P. Bakanov, and the author of the present paper showed by means of experiments and theoretical methods that diffusion currents of the moisture evaporating in the capil- Card 4/3 laries and alveolae of the lung prevent the precipitation of dust 66300 '0V/'136-59-11-12/26 AUTHORS: Deryagin, B.V., Yermin, V.N., Grechnyuk, R.L., 'Z-akta-#a-y-el-v~a,~.N. , Filippovsiciy, V.V. , Funke , V.F. and Lopatina,, A.M. TITLE: Determination of the Specific Surface Area of Powders in the Production of Hard Alloys PERIODICAL: Tsvetnyye metally, 1959, Nr 11, PP 5f~-60 (USSR) ABSTRACT: This work has been carried out in order to see whether it is possible to determine more accurately the specific surface of powders by using relatively simple methods. The following gas porosi'ay methods were used: Carman's method, using Poiseil's system of gas flow through a layer of powder, and B.V. Deryagin's method with Knudsen's (molecular) system. The results of the determination of the specific surface area by the gas porosity me'Ghods were compared with those of the methyl alcohol vapour adsorption metdod. The low temperature adsorption of nitro:,-en method used by Brunauer (Ref.1) was used as thE Control method for the determination of the specific surface area of powders of below 10~L grain size. The specific surface Card 1/5 area of coarser powders was calculated from uheir 66300 SOV/136-59-11-12/26 Deter'aination of the Specific Surface Area of Powders in the Producti)n of Hard Alloys ,ranulometric compositions which can be determined by means of a microscope. In this article the practical results of the application of the four above methods for the determination of the specific surface area of powders in the manufacture of hard alloys are given. The determination of the specific surface area of H2WO 41 WO 3' W, WO, Ti02; TiCWC, Co powders and a VK6A mixture (mixture of WC and &,6 Co powders) using ioiseills system of gas flow across the specimen (in the form of a compressed tablet of powder) was carried out in an apparatus designed for the measurement for the specific surface area of powders by Carman's method. In practice the results of the determination of the specific surface area are usually converted to average diameter or grain size, assuraing that the particles have a spherical shape. In Table 1, grain sizes of powders are shown for different porosities. The results of determination of the specific surface Card 2/5 area of a few powders in the manufacture of hard alloys LIK 66300 Z-;OV/136-59-11-12/26 Determination of the Specific Surface Area of Powders in the Production of Hard Alloys by,Deryagin's method for different porosities and different weights are shown in Table 2. The results of determination of. .the surface area. of H2 WO 41 WO 3? W1 WC$ TiO 21 TiCWC9 !Qo I VK6A powders by gas porosity methods, using Poisell and Knud.sen (Deryagin's instrument) systems 6f gas flovr across the specimen, were compared with the results of adsorption determinations. Low temperature adsorption of nitrogen (BET method) was used as the control method (Table 3). The granulometric composition of tungsten W" powder (small-surface area, average diameter = 28~1) vA determined by means of an optical microscope at a magnification of x600 (the determination of the specific C) surface area of such. coarse powder by the nitrogen adsorption method is inaccurato). The results are shown in Table 4. The author;3 arrive at the following conclusions: 1. The method of nitrogen adsorption, although sufficiently accurate, canaot be widely used for the determination of the specific surface of powders Card 3/5 because of its clumsiness and the complexity of its t1v 66300 SC-V/136-59-11-12/26 Determination of the Specific Surface Area of Powders in the i'roduction of Hard Alloys apparatus. Besides, any adsorption method giving the total surface area of particles gives an incorrect powder grain size value in the case of particles with internal pares. This method proved to be useful for the selection of a simpler and easier method, by comparing the values of specific surface obtained by this method with those obtained by other simpler methods. 2. It has been shcwn that the methods and instruments which are based or. the filtration of air at atmospheric pressure and UE-e C02;eni-Carman's formula, give incorrect lower values fcr the specific surface area of powders of high and medium dispersion. These methods can only be used for the determination of the specific surface area of coar,--ely dispersed po-wders. 3. The determination of the specific surface area of powders by the resistance to filtration of discharged nitrog en (Deryagin's method) is the most convenient. This method and the apparatus based on it, enable the Card 4/5 external specific surface area of laighly dispersed 66300 SOVI/136-59-11-12/26 Determination of the Specific Surface Area of Fawders in the Production of Hard Alloys powders of hard alloys to be determined quickly and sufficiently accurately and the average particle size to be calculated. This is extremely important in the manufacture of hard alloys. This method is theoretically well-founded and in practice enables the external specific surface area of different powders of any degree of dispersion from a particle size of 1001i and less onwards, to be measured without limitation. Therefore this method can be successfully applied for the determination of the specific surface area and particle sizes of powders of hard. alloys. There are 4 tables and 8 references, of which. 6 are Soviet and 2 English. Card 5/5 1r 66331 _24(6) 2.~4, 7000 BOV/181-1-10-5/21 AUTHORSt Deryagin, B. V., Matsik, M. S. TITLEt The Role Played by Electric Forces in Mica Splitting Along the Cleavage Planse PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, 1959, Vol 1, Nr 10, Pp 1521 - 1528 (USSR) ABSTRACTs The results published by Obraimov and Lazarev, and various Western authors aria supplemented ba, a number of experiments. The authors first measured the charge density resulting from the Kerr effect in nitrobenzene, which had been introduced into the crystal o:mok (for the de,rioe see figure 4). The mean charge density of Hama auscovites and Aldan phlogopites did not exceed 50 absolute charge units per cm2. In some sur- face sections the charge density of muscovite and phlogopite attained 200-250 and 300 absolute charge units per cm2, re- speotively. The potentials occurring in the cleavage planes are measured by melLne of fixed and movable probes of different size (for the device and measuring arrangement see figure 5). Card 1/3 This series of meaeurements indicates that an electrostati 4e.1, 66331 The Role Played by Electric Forces in Mica Splitting BOV/181-1-10-5/21 Along the Cleavage Planes mosaic with elementary surface < 1 mm2 and a mean charge density of 20 absolute charge units per cM2 is formed in the new crystal planes. Figure 6 distinctly shows the abrupt behavior of the potentials. The charges effected at the instant of crystal cleavage w*:r* measured by means of an oscilloscope. The authors obtained also for this case *50 absolute charge units per OM2. When the crystal is cleft in humid air, the charge recorded depends on the cleavage rate (cf. Fig 8). When the cleavage rate increases and humi- dity drops, the actual charge density on the cleft face rises and approaches a limit a0, which has a characteristic value for each crystal. If the crystal is cleft in a medium of a small degree of eurface conductivity, or if the cleavage rate is high, the mosaic charge density does not vary through- out the cleavage and retains the value do# The electrostatic part of the cleavage then reaches a maximum, it may be defined Card 2/3 by: i?'~ 66331 She Role Played by Electrio Foroea in Mica Splitting SOV/181-1-10-5/21 Along the Cleavage Planes 2nd2 A - -- 0 a where t. denotes the dielectric E f- constant of the medium in which the cleavage occurred, and ym the maximum distance at which the mosaic planes still act on one another. There are 8 figures, I table, and 12 references, 11 of which are Soviet. ASSOCIATIONt Institut fizioh*skoy khimii AN SSSE (Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS USSR). Irkutakiy gosudaretvennyy univer- sitet (Irkutsk State University) VK SUBMITTEDs January 11, 1959 Card 3/3 DMIN, 8-3-; DIRTAGIN, B.V. Electric field of a moving drop. Part 1: Theory of the electric field of a drop containing an jonogoala surface-active substance. Koll.shur. 21 no-1337-49 JwJ '59. (MIR& 1215) 1. Institut fisichookay kkinit AN SSSR. Laboratoriya poverkhnostnykh yavleni*, Moskva I lbarlkovskiy pedagDgicheskiy institut im. G. S. ftevorody. (Drops--Electric properties) (Surface-active agents) 5(4) SOV/69-21-4-1/22 AUTHORs Bakanov, S.P. and Deryajin, B.V. TITLEs On the Theory of Thermoprecipitation of High Dispersion Aerosol Systems. PERIODI',AL: Kolloidnyy zhurnalp 1959, Vol XXIp Nr 4, PP 377-384 (USSR) ABSTRACT: This is a study of thermopreci-Ditation of high dispersion aero- sol s:rstems) in which the measilres (6) of the suspended par- ticles are conside--?ably smaller than the medium lent~th of the free run of the gas molecules (,~4