SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT V. CIHAL - J. CIHAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000309220010-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 12, 2000
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

CIHALp V.., inz.,, SeG,; BODNAR, Laszlop dr, [translator]
Corrosion problems in devices used for high-pressure
syntheses. Gep 15 nc-.10:390-396 0 163,
1. Statni vyzkumny ustav ochrany materialup Praha.

Vladimir, doe.,, inz.., ScC'.; JMK, Jaroslav, RNDr.s, ScC.
Changes in austenitic stabilized steel at elevated temperatures.
Rut listy 18 no.5:342-349 MY 163.
1, Statni vyzkwmy ustaxr oebrany materialu. G.V. Akimova, Praha
(for Cihal). 2. Vyzkuww ustav uslechtilych oceli., Praha (for
Jezek). _

COAL Vladimir; HOCH, Petr
*steel and alloy corrosion in a gas zedim at hi .-h temperatures"
by CSc. ) Pavel Grobrier. Reviewed by Viadizir Cihil, Pett'
Hut listy 19 no.10:75.9 0 164.
1. G.V.A-ciyAov State Instiute of Material Protection, Prague-.

CIHAL, Vladimir
Problems of corrosional damage of materials in the reactors
for the synthesis of ammonia. Chem prum 15 no.2:92-94 F 165.
1. State Research Institute of Material Protection, Prague.

1, mloh_66 na, (a) A_Ip(n) P)IJan
ACC NRt xrouU0010- CZ/0065/65/000/005/0421/0430,
URCE CODE:
(KY so
AUTHOR: Toueek Jiitomt4-"4;6iwshekj -Yaromir-I.Cihal,-Vladimir-Chigalt---
Vladinirl P~M_a _,_ffn_an,"kr&zhak, Milan
5,?
ORGt Institute for the-Pt'operities of Metals CSAV, Brno (Ustav
v I a a t rfod _i_tX_V6v _u CS A VState research institute f q!r !!~p rotection of
materials 0. V. Akimov, vyzkumny ustav ochr-any materialu)
TITLE: The pro blem of pol nt corrosion of Cr-Ni steel modified by
molybdenum 71
421-430
SOURCE: Kovove materialy no. 50 19659
TOPIC TAGSt steel, austerAtic steel, cor rosion, corrosion resistance
molybdenum, chromium cont4int,, annealing
.(lCrl7Nil2Mo2TI.)
ABSTRACT: The resistance -of austenitic Cr-Ni steels
increasing Ho and dr content-
against point corrosion7'41:ies with a An
falls with increasinge'on-tent of Ti, The favorable effect of.mcolyb-i
denum is first felt when- J'.ts, concentration is higher than 2Z. The
rising concentration of'chromium in steel Increases its resistance
against point attack Up to a ape ci f ied - I imi t. In steels subjected to
solution ann aliug, this rosistance against corrosion Increases with
e
rising Cr content up.l.to Jurther Increase of Cr concentration does
I Card 1 3

L" 211-Oh-66
ACC NRt AP6008678
not improve this ~:rdfii4tAT'ci-6f these stools to point attack Results
obtained with steals which~ d been subjected to various heat..trent-
ha
ments indicate that-s .pecineno.which had been subjected to solution
annoaling (1100C/30 min/water) were maximally resistant to point
corrosion. Specimsno~which had.been only heat worked were less
resistant, and the.leAst resistant to point corrosion were the speci~-'.%*I!
mono annealed at 900C. Under specified conditions (006 N HCI + 0,4 11
the zone of transpassivity on potentiodynamic curves.in
potential polarization of these steel specimens containing more than
15% Cr occurs, In"thLe zene, point as wall as uniform corrosion takes
place,- on steals cohtaini:ng lose than.17% Crq point attact is present
even at potentials .,under vhich. the reactions leading to secondary
passivity, start to sit*, .With, Increasing Cr'*,content, the value of the
potential under which', ihe,~~Oolnt attack may occur decreases-. This
shifting is probably',caused by deposition of corroded particles and by
adsorption of chromite'Lorison the surface of,the electrode. Point
corrosion ceases before-111 I attains the value at which the
1e: potentia
current density In the'trai.nopassive zone attains its maximum value on
steels with higher chtoult'im content than 17-182. On the.potentio-
dynamic curvesi the.e -ItInt'-tion. of poin't-'corrosion is evident from tho
transient drop in.citrront4density even-before secondary passivity is
attained*, The paper. wao:~_revlewed b!p larel Lobl, State research
Cnrel 213

GIRAL, Vl.
The first international congress on corrosion of metals in Londonj
April 1961. Hut listy 16 no.7:517 Jl 161.

CIIHAL, Vladimir
Problem of steel corrosion under conditions of ammoniac synthesis.
Hut listy 16 no.7:483-1+89 Jl 161.
1. Statni vyzkumny ustav ochrany materialu G.V. Akimova., Praha.

- ---- -- ----

Distirt 4szo -
la yers on chroml
and
I&F
pue). Z%.PJi r
W p).-With the ai (Inst Mati;M PEo--
NAWF2)
704509580~gt
d of an electronicidly regulated~
t"61 ~; the authors reco
t W
olarixation curves of
rded the
.
en
p
po
steels with , to 85% Cr In N HtSO4. In the region of tran,
l
2 l
l
di
i
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h

imit
ng campus. were
st
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ed.
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ngu
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i
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. -
tn
o- con
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co
ros
on occurre
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ee
s
,
a
with III to 30% Cr content W continuously attacked, but
exhibited se(mdary IV" Steels with more than 35%
5-
0
.Cr content 'were co.
1.
10.1 y attacked and did not show
I
secondary Onsivity. Ills corrosive behavior Is attributed,
to.the proptrdes of the comipondinj oxide layers and an
h
i
h
i
s o t
explanation, is pro on t
e bas
e format
on of the
r
rh
i
idl
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I
, c
t
e
ox
n t
crysti structure o
e
ayers. Qua
anges
e
a! the
properties could occur in the can of a spinell
i ~ea the no. of Cr Ions In the spinell basic struc-,
t Ah and Ih of the no. of lattice positions for the
Ii
i
i
di
l
d
:
i
l
T
t
to
vAtnt iW
m
t
ons correspon
tr
ons,
btse
ng con
1k theoretical compn. of 15,5 or 30.7% Cr, r6p., In the Pe-Ci
alloy which is in good agreement with the measured values.'
the
echanism of corrosion In'
On ifi~ basit of theft ideas
,
m
-the transmsive region can be explaiced as well as tke cau2e,
'
of the'ftcovdary passivity, which *e authors attribute to
a
--4
-H, H. J4&_

AUTHORS: _LhAL, CZECH/?4-59-8-9/16
jmJfX,_ Candidate of Technica' Sciences
_YJ&d Engineer
Jelek, Jaroslav, Doctor of Natural Sciences
TITLE: On the Distribution of Precipitates in Stainless Austenitic
'teels
PERIODICAL: Hutnickg listY, 1959, Nr 8, pp 695 - 700
ABSTRACT: In earlier work (Ref 9) the authors studied the morphology
and the structure of precipitates in austenit1c stainless
steels by X-ray di:Ctraction And elec'tron
structure analysis.- The precipitation of the chromium
carbides Cr C 'proceeds at first in the shape of two-
2 6
dimensional fiendrites which grow to certain critical
dimensions and th~en become transformed into moiz stable
crystallographically perfect shapes. It was also found
by one of the authors that the rejection of fine acicular
carbides of titanium, which is controlled by the lower
diffusion speed of titanium, is shifted towards higher
temperatures (Ref 8). In this paper the authors studied
the distribution of precipitates in austenitic. stainless
steels by means of an electron microscope. For this
Cardl/3 purpose, extraction replicas had to be used. A simplified
L.~

CZECHQ47g-B-J~,16 ~
On the Distribution of Precipitates in Stainless Aus on tic eels
method of preparation of extraction replica Wag applied
which was describect-in an earlier paper of one of the
authors (Ref 13).. The studies were made an steel of the
following composition: 0.05% C, 1-5%,' Mn, o.62% Si,
18.48% Cr, 9.34% N:L. The following were studied: the
carbide distribution in 18/9 stools; the effect of carbide
precipitation on the sensitivity to intercrystallite
corrosion and on the impact strength; Cr and Ti carbides in
18/9 steels (in an earlier paper (Ref 17) one of the
authors and his team studied the preoipitation of Cr and
.Ti carbides during delta-ferrite decomposition in
titanium-stabilised steel of the following composition:
0.08% C, 1.18% Mn, 0.88% Si, 18.24% Cr, 9.25% Ni, 0-21% Mo,
0.801 Ti, 0-003% N) crystalline shape of the chromium
carbide Cr C It Was found that the chromium-carbides
23 6'
precipitate In austenitle steels in the form of discontinuous
irregular networkfil, predominantly on one side of the grain
boundaries. The maphology of carbides reproduced in the
Card2/3 extraction replica was found to be the same as in isolated

CZECJI'34-59-8-9/i6
in the Distribution of Precipitates in Stainless Austenitic Steels
carbides. Extraction-replica methods can be used not
only for studying the precipitation p4enomena. instainless
-steel but also for developing new complex-alloyed
high-creep-strangth stools and alloys. There are
7 figures, 1 tableland, 21 references, of which 5 are
English, 7 German, 9 Czech.
ASSOCIATIONS: Stittnf v~zkumnit iistay ochrany wateriilu G.V.Akinova
(State Research Institute for Protection of Materials
(G.V. Akimo-v-))
StAti~i v-fzkumn:f Astav materiklu a technologie, Praha
(State Resparch Institute for Materials and Technology,
Prague)
t April 23, 1959
ard 3/3

CZECH/34-59-9-7/22
AUTHORS: Jezek; Jaroslav, Doctor of Natural Sciences,
e
Vobor 1, Josef, Engineer, Z~Ihal. VladirAr, Engineer,
Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: Nature of the Phases Occurring in the Structure of
Brittle Transformer Sheet
PERIODICAL: Hutnickg listy, 1959, Nr 9, PP 777-786
ABSTRACT: A comprehensive study of the changes in transformer
sheet (4-34% Si, 0.02% C, 0.01% N) based on hardness
measurements, thermal analysis, study by optical and
electron microscop6s , X-ray and electron structure
analysis an well as the results of thermo-chemical
analysis hits shown that nitrogen is the active substance
which brings about formation of brittle phases in the
basic substance and at the boundary of the ferritic
grains. Up to about 2500C It precipitates from the
a solld solution in the form of the nitrides F'el6N2-Fe4N
which are embedded in the basic substance. A
considerably more dangerous form of separation of a
secondary phase caused by nitrogen occurs in the tempera-
ture range 250 to 700 OC when the nitrides are dissolved
Card 1/3 again and diffuse, together with silicon, to the boundaries
L11 "I

CZECH/34--59-9-7/22
Nature of the Phases Occurring in the Structure of Brittle
Transformer Sheet
of the ferritic grains,forming there coherent bands of
precipitates consisting of Si3N41 After annealing at
7000C a compact phase will exist at the grain boundaries,
the main composition of which is the nitride Si N . By
annealing at a higher temperature this phase caa Ae made
to dissolve again in the basic substance, as a result of
which the excessive brittleness of the sheet will be
eliminated. On the basis of the obtained results, the
following conclusions are drawn relating to the
manufacture of transformer sheet: nitrogen present in
transformer steel brings about the formation of nitride
phases which cause inadmissible brittleness of sheet
produced from such steel; such phases can be made to
dissolve in the basic ferritic structure by annealing at
a temperature above 8060C,followed by rapid cooling
(200OC/hour) and,by doing this,it is-possible to prevent
excessive brittleness of such sheets. Although by so
doing it is possible to bring about dissolution of the
nitride phases in the basic substance, in many cases such
Card 2/3 a procedure would require special equipment,quite apart /

CZECH/34-59-9-7/22
Nature of-the Phases occurring in the Structure of Brittle
Transformer Sheet
from the fact that dissolution of the nitride phases
in the basic substance is not favourable from the point
of view of the magnetic properties. Therefore, the aim
should be to use such processes for manufacturing high
grade transformer sheet which prevent the formation of
higher nitragen contents, i.e. in oxygen blast
converters. It is possible that in the near future
the use of -1racuum furnaces with melting off electrodes
will become an economic proposition. Acknowledgments
are expressed to Engineer P. Schier, Metallurgical
Ito,
Inst-itute, CSAV, for making an electron microscope
available, 4;o J. Sevcikovg for her assistance in carrying
out the hero described work and to Engineer 0H. THma for
carrying out the thermal analysis and to Sruta for
careful execution of the experimental work relating to the
X-ray structural analysis. There are 13 figures, I
1 table and 41 references, 6 of which are Czech, 6 German,
26 Eng~ish and 3 International.
ASSOCIATIONS: SVUMT, 'Prague and SVUOM, Prague
SUBMITTED: May 13, 1959 V/
Card 3/3

3/137/6Z/000/002/077/1
A006/A101
AUTHOR- Cihal, V.
TITLE; Properties of stainless and heat-resistant steels
PERIODICALS Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no. 2, 1962, 41, abstract 21241
("Korose a ochr&na Materi", 1960, listoP., 77 - 83, Czech.)
TEXT: A classification is presented of stair-less and heat-resistant steels
of their mechanical properties, heat treatment conditions and destination. Grap]-ts
are given showing the mechanical properties as functions of heat-treatment condi-
tions for hardening steels. A separate table contains composition, heat treat-
ment conditions and mechanical properties of high-strength, dispersion-hardening
steels. There are 32 references.
M. Shapiro
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Card 1/1

Z/034/6 0/000/07/004/029
//170 E073/E535
AUTHORS: Cihal, Vladimir, Engineer, Candidate of Technical
Sciences, ra=oner, Pavel, Je-zek, Jaroslav, Doctor of
Natural Sciences, Pospilsil, Rudolf, Doctor Engineer
TITLE: On the Problem of Intercrystallite Corrosion of
Austenitic, Cr-Ni Steels Containing 24% Cr and 19% Ni
PERIODICAL: Hutnick~ listy, 1960, No 7, PP 518-524
ABSTRACT: This paper is intended to commemorate the 60th birthday
of Professor Doctor of Technical Sciences Engineer
Josef Teindl, Mining University, Ostrava.
Intercrystallite corrosion on austenitic stainless
steels is attributed by some authors to the impoverish-
ment of the grains in chromium due to the segregation
of carbides at the grain boundaries, others attribute
this property to internal stresses caused by the 0-K,
segregated carbides. It is argued in favour of the
latter view that intercrystallite corrosion occurs also
in steels containing over 20% Cr in which the chromium
content of the grain surface layer cannot decrease
Card 1/5 sufficientlyto be below 12%. The aim of the work

Z/034/60/000/07/oo4/029
E073/E535
On-the Problem of Intercry-stallite Corrosion of Austenitic, Cr-Ni
Steels Containing 24% Cr and 19% NI
described in this paper was to investigate the validity
of this argument and to contribute to the elucidation
of the problem of intercrystallite corrosion of the
austenitic steel lCr24Nil9 (0.09% C, 0.4% Mn, 1.5% Si,
23.2% Cr, 18.7% Ni). The higher chromium content can
not only prevent a reduction of the chromium content
during segregation of carbides at the grain boundaries
below the passivation level but -, from the theoretical
point of view,it should also increase the resistance of
the carbides Cr2,c against dissolution in austenite
and thereby reduc ~he relative quantity of carbon in
the solid solution at low austenization temperatures.
The''stbel used. in the experiments was produced in a high
frequency basic furnace, cast into small ingots from
which strips of 25 x 6 mm were forged after machining.
On such specimens the tendency to develop intercrystallite
Card 2/5 corrosion and to separate out chromium carbides in the

Z/034/60/000/07/004/029
E073/E535
On the Problem of Intercrystallite Corrosion of' Austenitic, Cr-Ni
Steels Containing 24% Cr and 19% Ni
structure after precipitation annealing was investigated,,
The conditions of heat treatment of the individual
specimens are given in Tables 5 and 6, which also
contain data on the intensity of intercrystallite
corrosion. In these tables 11-11 denotes no intercrystal-
lite corrosion, "(+)'t denotes very slight intercrystal-
lite corrosion, 11+11 to It ... It means increasing
intercrystallite corrosion. The specimens were first
austenitized at 11000C. Following that, they were
precipitation annealed in the temperature range 500 to
8500C. To enable comparison of the influence of the
austenization temperature, the remaining specimens were
additionally annealed at temperatures between 950 and
12500C with temperature steps increasing by 50*C. A
number of photographs (16) are reproduced which were
obtained by means of an electron microscope. The
obtained results indicate that in spite of the high
Card 3/5 average chromium content, the chromium content in the

Z/034/60/000/07/004/029
E073/E535
On the Problem of Intercrystallite Corrosion of Austenitic, Cr-Ni
Steels Containing 24% Cr and 19% Ni
grain boundaries may drop below the passivation level
in the surface layer as a result of rejection of
chromium carbides, which provides a basis for inter-
crystallite corrosion of this steel. This disproves
the theory of intercrystallite corrosion being~due to
internal stresses, not only for the here investigated
steel but also for the steel lCrl8Ni9Ti(Nb), for which
it was proved earlier (Refs 1 and 2),that artificially
generated segregates at the grain boundaries are
chromium carbides Cr 5 and not titanium or niobium
carbides. J. PhiliUr and H. Bizouard (Ref 15) have
established directly by means of X-ray spectral analysis
a drop in the chromium content of austenite during
rejection of chromium carbides in stainless steels.
They used a micro-analyser with an electron probe (Ref:1,6)
which permits making an accurate quantitative analysis
Card 4/5 and a local identification of the structural lattice

1 .1
df2346
Z/034/60/000/07/004/029
E073/E535
On the Problem of Intercrystallite Corrosion of Austenitic, Cr-Ni
Steels Containing 24% Cr and 19% N!
within a volume of 1 cubic micron. Such local analysis
proved unequivocally the fact that the grain boundaries
of stainless steel are impoverished in chromium in the
neighbourhood of rejected carbides. This study was
carried out at the State Research Institute for the
Protection of Materials, G. V. Akimov, Prague, jointly
with the 'United Steel Works in Kladno and the State LRI"
Research Institute for Materials and Technology, Prague.
There are 6 figures, 6 tables and 17 references, 6 of
which are Czech, 1 Soviet, 2 German, 2 French and
6 English.
ASSOCIATIONS: SVUOM, Prague (Clhal), Mod%ransk'e strojirny (Mo &"any
Engineering Works)(Gr~;bner), SV"UMT, Prague (Je-zek) and
SONP Kladno (Posp!.~Sil)
SUBMITTED: February 24, ig6o
Card 5/5

81877
6/129/60/000/68/001+/009
3073/Z135
AUTHORS: Gihal- V_,_(Candidate of Technical Sciences), and
, (Doctor of Technical Sciences)
TITLE: Structure and Distribution of Secondary Phases in
Stainless Austenitic Steels4
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye I termicheskaya obrabotka metallov,
1960, No 8, pp 17-19 (+ 2 plates)
ABSTRACTs The authors studied the morphology, structure and
distribution of rejected phases In stainless steels, using X-ray
and electron diffraction methods. In the ex eriments two titanium
stabilized steels with Cr content of about 19% and Ni content of
about 9.5% with Ti:C ratios of about 10;1 and-)+;l, and one non-
stabilized steel with a lower carbon content were chosen. The
chemical compositions of the three steels are given in Table 1.
All the steels were subjected to the same heat treatment,
consisting of heating for one hour at 1250 OC followed by quenching
in water and tempering for durations of 5 minutes to 72 hours at ,
temperatures between 550 and 850 OC. The results of the work have
shown that the rejection of chromium carbide takes place at first
in the form of two-dimensional dendrites which grow to certain
Card 1/2 U~~

Structure and Distribution of
Austenitic Steels
81877
S/129/60/000/08/001+/009
E073/El35
Secondary Phases in Stainless
critical dimensions and then become transformed into more stable and
crystallographically more perfect shapes. The rejection of
thermodynamically more stable titanium carbide takes place at high
temperatures due to the low diffusion speed of the titanium. The
character of the titanium carbides differs from that of chromium
carbides and the TiC rejections in the structure of titanium-
stabilized steels consist of very highly dispersed particles of
steel which can only be detected by means of electron microscope
techniques.. Fig 10 shows a photo of the dispersed rejections from
one of the steels (X 12 000). An electron diffraction pattern of7
the same rejections is reproduced in Fig 11.
There are 11 figures, 2 tables and 8 references: 1+ German,
3 Czech and 1 Soviet.
ASSOCIATIONs Vyzkumny ustav ochranu materia'lu G.V. Akimova
(Institute for the Protection of Materials imeni
11G.V. Akimov") and St-Art-t-ni.vVzkumni~ -dstav
mater-14hu--a technologie, Praha (Research Institute
for Materials and Technologyq Pra Le3
Card 2/2

AUTHOR: ~fhal, Vladimfr
2 U%_.W4 2
Z/034/61/000/007/003/007
E112/E335
TITLE: Contribution to the Problem of Steel Corrosion in
Synthetic Ammonia Plants
PERIODICAL: Hutnicke' listy, 1961, No. 7, pp. 483 - 489
TEXY: A considerable amount of literature has already been
published on the corrosive effects of hydrogen on the iron or
steel parts in synthetic ammonia plants. Very little is known,
however, about the complex action of mixed hydrogen-nitrogen
gases on the steel components under the thermal and pressure
conditions of the aminonia plants. The present paper swmnarises
first the available data about the action of hydrogen and two
types of effects are proposed: 1) diffusion of H-in atomic
form into iron or steel and solution therein, leading to
hydrogen embrittlement. Atomic hydrogen forms at high tempera-
tures, or by thermal decomposition of ammonia at 500 OC, under
the catalytic influence of iron. The deleterious effect of
hydrogen embrittlement on the durability of the steel components
is not considered serious; 2) the considerable destructive
Card 1/9

24142
Z/034/61/000/007/003/007
Contribution to the Problem .... E112/E335
effect of hydrogen gas under high pressure is given by its
reaction with carbon, i.e. decarburization, leading to the
formation of methane. The latter is incapable of diffusion and
causes internal stresses in the steel. Attempts were therefore
made to utilise carbides of higher tharmal stability, which
would be immune against attack by hydrogen. Steel which had been
stabilized with titanium, niobium, vanadium or zirconium showed
greater resistance to corrosion by hydrogen. However, corrosive
effects of nitrogen also have to be considered and some orIginal
contributions by the author to the above problem are presented;
molecular, dry and pure nitrogen is inert towards a large
number of metals and alloys. Atomic nitrogen, on the other hand,
can react with certain types of steel and produce serious
corrosion problems. The source of atomic nitrogen may be, under
certain conditions, ammonia, which will decompose under the
catalytic effect of iron at 400 - 600 0C with the formation
hydrogen and mono,-atomic nitrogen. The latter will also diffuse
into the iron lattices and produce nitrides. Temperature
conditions of the ammonia synthesis are considered very favourable
Card 2/9

24J42
Z/034/61/000/007/003/007
Contribution to the Problem E112/E335
for the splitting of the nitrogen molecule and the formation of
nitride corrosion. The great ease of nitride formation from
chromIum and at~lomlc nitrogen is discussed. The embrittlement
of heat-resistant Cr-Mo-steels at elevated temperatures through
nitridation is considerably higher than with carbon steels.
Tests with' a medium chromium-steel under synthetic ammonia-plant
conditions showed considerable blister- and crack-formation.
Steels with chromium contents higher than 11-1290' gave a better
result: the nitride layer was considerably thinner, very hard,
coml)act and without fissures. The formation of nitrides in
titanium-stabilized steols was investigated and this was found
to be of considerable importance in view of the protective
effect of titanium against hydrogen corrosion. Results indicated
a great stability of the titanium-carbon bond, which was not
attacked and cleaved by nitrogon. A systematic study of
different Czechoslovak steels was then undertaken in a low-
pressure ammonia converter and in a high-pressure laboratory
equipment. Damage by corrosion was assessed by studying changes
in mechanical propertiesq and measuring hardness and its
Card 3/9

243h2
z/o34/61/000/007/003/007
Contribution to the Problem E112/E335
distribution across the aross-section of a test specimen. The
materials were analysed for hydrogen, nitrogen and loss of
carbon. Results are sununaris--d in the form of a diagram showing:
a) depth of penetration of hydrogen corrosion and b) total
thickness of the nitride layer. The tests comprised 18
Czechoslovak steels, the comp:)sitions of which are given in
Table 1 VIA" means "to"). T~ie following conclusions are drawn
from the results. The corrosion-resiztance of steels can be
improved by the presence of carbon in the form of carbides of
higher thermal stability. Cir.-omium-molybdenum steels which are
resistant to hydrogen in hydrogenation processes are prone to
excessive nitridation, leadin,S to crac1cs, when used under .
conditions of synthetic ammomi-a. plants. In medium chromium-
steels diffusion of nitrogen and nitridation will disturb the
equilibrium between the zarbide Cr7C3 and hydrogen, and lead
to a decreased stability. Titanium, niobium, etc. on the --ther
hand, form carbides of very high thermal stability which are not
decomposed by further nitridation. A correct proportion of
titanium is, however, essential, because higher concentrations
Card 4/9

243.42
Z/034/61/000/007/003/007
Contribution to the Problem .... E112/E335
will produce very strong nitridation and embrittlement.
Stainless austenitic steels proved to be the most suitable.
There are 6 figures, 1 table and 27 references: 7 Czech and
20 non-Czech. The four latest English-language references
quoted are: Ref. llv G.C. van Ness, B.F. Dodge,,- Chem.-Eng.
Progress 51, 1955, Pp. 266-271; Ref. 19 - J. Jezek,
J. Voboril, Vl. Z~i,hal - J. Iron and Steel Inst., 195, 1960,
PP- 49 - 55; Rof. 21"- F.D. Richardson - J. Iron and Steel
Inst., 1953, PP. 33-51; Ref. 22 - J. Pearson, U-J*C. Endo -
J. Iron and Steel Inst., 175, 19539 PP- 52-57.
ASSOCIATION: Stgtn:f vfzkumny ustav ochrany materialu
G.V. Akimova, Praha (G.V. Akimov State Research
Institute J"or the Protection of Materials,
Prague)
SUBMITTED: April 20, 1961
N.B. The use of titanium stabilized steels is the subject matter
of the Czechoslovak Patent No.92 526, 1957.
Card 5/9

24244
Z/034/6i/ooO/008/001/005
E073/E335
AUTHORS: Vyklicky/, Miloslav, LBbl, Karel, Kabrhel, Adolf,
Tdma, Hanus, Cjhal, Vladim.Cr and Pra!Ak, Milan
TITLE: Influence of Molybdenum and Copper on the Properties
of Stainless'Chromium
PERIODICAL: Hutnickif listy, 1961,:No. 8, Pp- 553 - 560
TEXT: According to data published in the literature
(Ref. 2 - Copper in Cast Steel and Iron. Copper Development
Association, London), high-alloy chromium steels containing
2-3% Si and 1-5-2% Cu have a high resistance to alum
and are extensively used in the food-processing industry.
An increased C content in chromium steels reduces their resistanceX
to corrosion, particularly after unsuitable heat-treatment. -
However, low-carbon chromium steels cause difficult;kegin the
manufacture of castings of complex shapes. Therefore, higher
C contents are used and the unfavourable influence of the C
content is compensated by adding Cu. Although the effect of
Mo on chromium steels is known, the authors are not,aware of
any published information on the combined influence of Cu and Mo
Card 1/8

2h144
Z/034/61/000/008/001/005
Influence of Molybdenum .... B073/9335
on the properties of chromium steels. This is in spite of
the fact that such steels are being manufactured, for instance
the Czech steel Poldi-AKlBC (chemical composition: 0.12016 C,
1
0.500.0 Mn, 0.25050' Si, 16.15% Cr, 0.20% Mo and 1.75% Cu) and the
ferritic chromium steel for use in the chemical industry,
containing 0.6-0.8% C,rnax. 0.7% Mn, max. 29', Si, 28.0 - 30-010' Cr,
2.0 - 2.55' Ni, 2.0 - 2.5% Mo and 2.0% Cu. The authors
considered it interesting to investigate the influence of Cu
and M6 on the properties of chromium steel and this paper
contains the results *of these investigations. A total of 11
heats was produced with chemical compositions varying between
the following limits: C 0.6 - 0.1100'; Cu 0 - 6.1196;
Cr 14.58 - 26.6-C, and Mo 0 - 3.91%. '~he heats were"Produced.
in a 20-kg high-frequency furnace, using as a-.chbkrge:-low-!carbon
6tael, low-carbon ferrochromium, low-carbon ferromolybdenum and
cop"'er. Of the mechanical properties only the hardness was
:aensured. In agreement with data published in the literature,
heats v-ith higher copper contents showed a higher hardness, both
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24144
Influence of Molybdenum ...
Z/034/61/000/008/001/005
8073/E335
in the as-east and in the annealed states; metallographic
tests showed that addition of Cu brought about pronounced
structural changes. The corrosion tests were carried out in
a number of corrosive media, subdivided into the following
groups:
A. Media with free SO2
1. H 2s03; 20%; 20 oC
2. NaHSO3 ; 5%; 20 OC
B. Organic oxides
3- lactic acid;
4. oxalic acid;
5. citric acid;
6. tartaric acid;
7. acetic acid;
10%; 20 0 C
100%; 80 01C
10%; 80 oc 0
saturated solution; 80 C
concentrated; 80 0C
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Influence of Molybdenum ....
241111h
Z/034/6i/ooo/od8ToOl/005
E073/E335
3 .
C. Inorganic rion-oxiding acids
8. hydrochloric acid; 8%; 20 0C
9. phosphoric acid; 65','-; 80 Oc
D. Inorganic Oxiding acids
10. nitric acid; 65%; 8o oc
A detailed analysis allowed grouping the time dependence of
the weight loss due to corrosion into three basic groups:
linear dependence (in hydrochloric acid and, in some cases,
also in nitric acid at 80 0C); parabolic dependence with
steepness increasing with time (NaHSO3 solution) and, finally,
corrosion rate decreasing with time and characterised by a
curve which flattens out. The corrosion tests have shown
that steel containing 25% Cr, 2% Mo and 2% Cu had the highest
resistance to corrosion, which almost equalled the Czech
steel 6SN 17241. This type of steel-was not investigated in
the group of the 170% chromium steels. In the latter steel,
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Influence of Molybdenum ....
24144
Z/034/61/000/008/001/005
F-073/9335
Mo improved the resistance to corrosion in solutions with free
S02 , whilst Cu Improved the resistance to corrosion in
organic acids. On the basis of laboratory results, SONP Kladno
produced two 50-kg heats In a hIgh-frequency furnace with
chemical compositions which proved the most favourable in the
laboratory tests. The compositions of these heats (In 0,0were
qs follows:
Heat C Mn Si P S Cr Mo CU
A 3829 0.13 0.53 0-3-7 0-019 0-021 15-52 2.05 2.01
B 3830 0.10 0-54 0.30 0.026 0.017 24-75 1.75 1.95
The ingots from both heats were forged into 250 x 600 x 20 mm
blanks and then rolled down to 1 mm thick sheet. These hot-
rolled sheets were then used in mechanical and corrosiontests
and in weldability tests. The most favourable heat-treatment
for these steels proved to be the following;
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24244
Z/034/61/000/008/001/005
Influence of Molybdenum .... E073/E3355
Heat A ... 800 0C/0-5 hrs/air
it B ... 900 OC/0.5 hrs/air.
The mechanical properties of thus heat-treated steels do not
differ substantiall from the properties of semiferritic steels
containing 170% Cr (6 17041). After this heat-treatment,
both heats proved satisfactory in double-bending tests; in
Brichsen tests both heats achieved the value of 7.9 mm.
Welding tests were carried out by arc-welding in an argon
atmosphere; the weldability of Heat A was better than that
of Heat B. Potentiostatic polarisation curves were determined
to obtain information on the corrosion behaviour of the steels.
The following conclusions were reached: Additions of 2% Mo
and 20' Cu. proved the most suitable. The resistance-to-corrosion
of steels with 17%, Cr, 2% Mo and 2% Cu is higher than the
resistance-to-corrosion of the same type of steel without Mo
and Cu. Very good results were obtained with steel containing
250% Cr and an addition of Mo and Cu which, for most corrosive
Card 6/8

Z/034/ 11
6l/0010h08/001/005
Influence of Molybdenue E073/Z335
media, will have the sLime resistance-to-corr6sion as the
austenitic CrN! steel CSN 17241. According to the achieved
results, the steel with the lower Cr content can be used for
less aggressive corrosion media and in cases in which the
steel CSN 17041 cannot be used owing to its lower resistance-to-
corrosion or its poor weldability. Ste'el with a higher Cr
ontent (Heat B) can be used as a substitute for the steel
H
N 17241 but the plasticity and weldability of this material
are not as good as those'.of; steel 6SN 17241.
There are 17 figures, 7 tables and 12 references; 6 Czech and
6 non-Czech. The four English-language references quoted
are: Ref. I - Loring - Metals Handbook, pp. 462 465;
Ref. 2 - (quoted in text); Ref. 3 - Saklatwalla Dammler,
Trans. Am. Soc. Stbel. Treat. 15, 1929; Ref. 4 Daniloff
The Alloys of Iron and Copper. New York and London, 1934.
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241L44
Z/034/6i/ooo/oo8/ool/OO5
Influence of Molybdenum .... E073/F.335
ASSOCIATIONS: StAnf vyozkumn~y u6stav materia"lu a technologic v
Praze (State Research Institute for Materlals
and Technology, Prague)
Stiftni 14zkumn~ (astav ochrany materia"lu
G.V. Akimova v Praze (Q.V. Akimov
State Research Institute for the Protection of
Materials, Prague)
SUBMITTED: November 28, 1960
Card 8/8

371.76
s/129/62/000/005/010/011
E073/B335
y M., 6"hal V. (Czechoslovakia)
AUT I %S: Vyklick ", M. , Prai"ak I
TITLE: !:-i-flue-nce of alloying element s on the properties of
austenitic stainless stools
PERZIODICAL: 'Notallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov,
no. 5, 1962, 52 - 53
TEXT: By analyzing the potentiodynamic polarization curves
t*,-ie influence of molybdenum, copper, tungsten and silicon -wras
4 nvestigat ed (individually and in various - combinatlons) on the
corrosion-resistance of Cr-N! austenitic stainless steels,
co;,taining 18 - 22(1'-Z', Cr and 21 - 300% Ni. The polarization curves
%-.-ere recorded at room temperature for a 1 mole solution of
ilydrochloric acid with 0.01% KCNS added. The following 'were
applied as a criterion of t-he resistance-to-corroiion: t h e 1.7i dt h
of the zone of irmiunity and the magnitude of tho electrochemical
potential. It was fotmd that an increase in the nickel content
within 'he investigated limits did not - have an appreciable
4 afluenc e on the active stat o of type X2065 . (Kh20N15)
steels,
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S/129/62/000/005/010/011
Influence of .... E073/E335
alloyed with silicon, molybdenum and copper. The positive
electrochemical potential increased with increasing contents of
inolybdenum and t-he range of-immunity broadened. Copper had t2he
same influence but to a somewhat lesser extent. Tungsten had no
.Lnfluence on the immunity range and Increased only slightly the
potential of the active range. After laboratory investigations,
experimental heats were produced of the steel X241A20 (Kh24N20).,
which -,-,rere* alloyed with molybdenum and copper. Specimens of
th.ese heats were tested for corrosion-resistance in hydrochloric
acid for durations of 480-hours. The stseel alloyed orith Mo
and 3.55' Cu showed t'he hig1jest resistance-to-corrosion;
it. bias higher -than that of the.
T (Kh2lN38M5T). Sheets 1 and 3 mm thick
steel type X21~--8M5
a nod
Jere produced from the new stool and tested in 1,11 differe t ia,
including hydrochloric .,~'dn& sulphuric acids,at various
concentrations and temperatures. The resistance-to-corr6sion of
Card 2/3

S/129/62/000/005/010/011
~nfluencc of .... r,073/r,,335
s
steel in these media -w-as considerably higher than that of
~14e steel X13,49V\2 (Khl8N9M2) and slightly better than that of -
-1e st-eel (Kh2lN38M2T). The new steel is very stable
a.-ainst intercrystallite corrosion.
-Abstracter's no'e: this is a complete translation-1
q,,
Card 5/3

Z/034/6"/000/005/005/007
It E073/E535
AUTHOIZS: Cilial, Vladimir Engineer, Candidate of Sciences
and Nubelka, J:Lri
TITLE: 11escarch on economy steels for operation in a medium
of synthesis gas in the manufacture of ammonia
PERIODICAL: Iffitnicke listy, no.5, 1962, 369
TEXT: The report is a continuation of the work reported in
1960 on the mechanism of corrosion of steels in the synthesis of
ammonia (Research Report SV~'01%1 No-23/6o) and deals with the study
of the properties of tungsten-titanium and possibly nickel-titanilAm
steels. Since none of the experimental hents of the stabilized
steels suffered from hydrogen corrosion (the tests with the
synthesis gas were at a pressure of-900 atm and a temperature of
about 5000C), main attention was paid to the investigation of
nitriding from the point of view of the contents of alloying
elements. Within 'the range of 0-5 to 5%,tungsten and nickel
have no influence on the tendency of titanium stabilized steels
to b*ecomo nitrided. The intensity of nitriding is decisively
influenced by the content of unicombined titanium in the steel. if
Card.1/2

Research on economy steels ... Z/03/i/62/000/005/005/007
E073/13535
tile steel has a minimum content of free titanium, there is no
adual embrittlement of the
longer any danger of nitriding and gr.
surface. The mechanical properties of the steel under normal
temperature are influenced primarily by the nickel. The creep
strength is favourably influenced by a higher content of tungsten
(4.o to 5-5'~'-'? UI). The influence of titanium is interesting; a high,
above stoichiometric,titanium content is unfavourable from the
point of view of creep strength. Lxploratory tests of weldability,
carried out with the cooperation of W Vamberk, verified the
suitability of the proposed electrode whicli produces a-niobium
alloyed weld metal. For getting more precise information on the
optimum composition of stabilized ec'Miomy steels for the synthesis
of ammonia, tile minimum and ninximum contents of titanium with
respect to the carbon content will be investigated next, both from
the point of view of hydrogen corrosion and nitriding.
Reschrch Report SV&M 33/61
16 Pages, 13 fibures, 6 tables.
[Abstractor's note: Complete translation]
Card 2/2

36161
Z/03/1/62/00o/oo5/oo4/007
9073/E535
AUTHORS: PrAzzlk, AN , hngineer, Lhal, Vl. , Engineer,:,Gandi date
of Science and 'Nechura, J., Engineer
,rrrLC: Influence of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper and
tungsten on the electrochemical, corrosion and
mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels
PERIODICAL: Jiutnick6 listy, no.5, 1962, 369
TEXT: The report contains data for formulating [developing]
highly corrosion-resistant austenitic steels for the chemical
industry with economic contents of alloying elements which can be
used as -in equivalent, from the corrosion point of vieiq of the
steel dSN N7 252. On the basis of potentiostatic and corrosion
tests, the quantitative relations were determined between the
contents of the alloying elements and their influence on the
corrosion properties of the steels in H 2so4 and HC1 media. It wa.-..
found that the economic nickel content is in the range of 16 to
20;*:',. In more concentrated acids in the hot state molybdenum has
a favourable effect only from contents of 55 onivards; however$
in combination with copper (I to 3%) molybdenum has a favourable
Card.1/2

Influence of chromium, nickel ... Z/034/62/000/009/004/007
B073/F-535
effect even front 1~ol onwards. The very favourable effect of copper
from the point of view of corrosion was confirmed. Front the
point of view of the mechanical properties of the steel at normal
temperature, copper has an unfavourable effect from contents of
2.2,0 onward.-; and on hot forming from onwards. On the
example or experimental heats of the steels types lCrl8Nil611o3Cit2
and lCrl6,N1i16mo8 it was verified that in combination with data on
the structural, technological and price effects of alloying
elements, the established relations can be applied an a basis for
developing economical types of corrosion-resistant steels with
predetermined corrosion properties.
Research Report SV60)1'No-30/61
25 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables.
[Abstractorts note: Complete translation]
Card 2/2

Z/032/62/012/004/002/007
B073/E535
AUTHORS. tihal, V. Pra~rik, M. and Me"chura, J.
TITLE: Influence of some alloying elements on the properties
of austenitic stainless steels
PEIRIODIC.NL: Strojli.renstvi, v.12, no.11, 1962, 283-287
'VE%T: For estimating the corrosion properties of various
materials, potential polarization curves were used, recorded by
means of a potentiostat in accordance with a method published
earlier by.the authors. So far, the results obtaineo by means of
this method cannot be-transformed directly into weight losses in
ordinary corrosion tests and therefore the method is suitable only
as a basis for comparison. The influence of increasing quantities
of copper, molybdenum, tungsten and nickel in steels containing
18-,o' Cr and 9 to 12% Ni on -the 'characteristic valu.-es of the
polarization curves in the range of immunity ane iictivityy on the
resistance to corrosion, the mechanical properties and ductility
were investigated on material produced in a 10 kg capacity high-
frequency laboratory furnace. 2 kg ingots were pre-heated to
500-6000C for one hour and then forged by means of a steam hammer
Card 1/2

Influence of some alloying 7,/032/62/012/Oo4/002/007
E073/E535
into 18 to 20 mm diameter rods. In addition to measuring the
electrochemical values, corrosion tests were made on the same
steels using a 10'io solution of 11C1 at 200C, a 10,o' boiling H,SO
and concentrated nitric acid at boiling temperature. The authors
proved a definite correlation between the measitred electrochemical
values and the corrosion properties of the tested steel.
Molybdenum proved to be a favourable element except as regards
resistance to oxiding agents. Copper and nickel have a positive
influence on the values characterizing the resistance to corrosion
in the active state. Tungsten increases slightly the tendency of
steel to become passive and in some cases also increases the
resistance in the active state. Of iiiterest is the considerable
influence of tungsten on suppressing the corrosion current in the
passive state. Within the investigated concentrations, molybdenum
and tungsten showed a considerable influence on the inedianical
properties, whilst copper had a considerable influence on the hot
forming properties. There are 12 figures and 1 table.
ASSOCIATION: SVUOM, Prague
Card 2/2

MURA, Karel; CMAL, Vladimir
.-- - . .
Lead leakage through the bottom of boilers during lead
manufacture and refining. Hut listy 19 no. 3:195-201
Mr 164.
1. Vitkovicke zelpzarny Klementa Gottwalda, Ostrava (for
Mitura). 2. V.G AKimov State Research Institute of Material
Protection, Pragut ffor Cihal).

L 34926-66 Et.,,,P(j)/F-:~D(k)/T/r-Wt)(t)/ETT . TIPW 3D AMN 9'1A-J hqn IR k 4
SOURCE CODE: 'CZ/0034/66/000/004/0259/0265':
ACC-Wi AIYG026629
AUTHOR:, C (Docent; Engineer; Candidate of sciences); Zidek, 1-WIZm
(Docent; Engineer; Candidate of sciences)
ORG: fCihaJl G. V Akimoy StAtm Research Institute for Protection of Mlaterials.
(Statni vyzkumny ustav ochrarq materialu G. V. AkimDva); LZid9jjr Klement GoLtwald
Vitkovico Iron Works, Qs&rava (Vitkovicke zolezarrq laomenta Gottmi-Llda)
TIM: Workability and corrosion msistmce~f stools of the type lCrIM221162Ti
-- 12~
SOURCE: Hutnicke listy, no. 4. 1966, 259-2 5
TOPIC TAGS: corrosion resistant steel, austenitic steel, metal grain structuro,
alloy steel
ABSTRACT: The hot workabj]AU of the stoold of the described type decreases when the
amount of forrito in the basic au "I ature reaches 15%o So that a suitable
struebire of the grains would be obtained Cr content should be idnimized; however, coi
rosion resistance requires a graduated content of Cr up to 17-20%, When the steel
containe 2% Mrj a m1nii= Ni content of 21-22% is neodede Romats of corrosion to5ts
in sulfuric &aid, hydrochloric acid, sulfite liquor, and bleaching liquor are reportm
Orig. art* has$ 7 figures arxi 1 table. fBasod on authors' Eng. abst.L/ LJ-PRS: 36.W~j
SUB CODE: 11, 13 SUM DATE: none CRIG REF: W / sav Rr,.F: 002
OM REFs 002
Cwd 1/1 U uDc: 669.15.24

CIHAL~ Zdenek.. Promovany ekonom
Some experiences in the control of action plans of the Northwest
Railroad. Zel dop tech 11 no.10:285-286 163.

atmir ;od luLvvnU ,
MUDDAS, Frantiaolt, kqitanj, prcok le)mrj_RR!L~I'jVi.,,Co I I p ,I
MMri; ___
Parmrfa lwir, an a littlu-~knzjn Corm (X acutlo pa~lmi=y dimano.
'Vbjo mdruvi Asty .34 r-,oi5t2(Y,,-Z06 0 16~#
L Ilojenaka namoonice v Clomoucl, vnitrni o~,delani 'nacolmik
PP36k, .11"Dr. ContuLtz- Cihallk).

CZECHOSLOVAKIA
UDc 616.233-002.2
- - _11 _; FRANEK, Bohuslav; Military
KALVODA, Frantisek; LIRALIK. Cestmir
Hospital (Vojenska N )-61~~ice _^~uc, Internal Department
em; om
(Vnitrni Oddeleni) Head (Nacelnik) Dr Cestmir CIHALIK.
"Chronic Bronchitis."
Prague, VoJenske Zdravotnicke Listy2VO1 35,TTo 6, Doc 66, pp 256-260
Abstract: Problems met during the treatment of chronic bron-
chitis_7~_re reviewed. It is suggested that Fletcher's clasifica-
tion should be used generally to obtain uniform evaluation of
the disease. Differences between bronchitis chronica asthmoides,
rd b.c. asthmatica are discussed. The origin of the two diseases
is described. The etiol ogy and the treatment of chronic bron-
chitis are evaluated. 1 Figure, 5 Tables, 7 Western, 13 Czech
references.
1/1

ow OU C,13,1~ (arsenic and antimony.
ju.nxfilo; MxwL liv., Prague 1, Che".
Lissy 44. .44. !5'--AV --.- Arctiie anti Sh
'are both oxitlived by K Beth In acidic .4n. Intlartwe'rum
of ICI A4 I% titrated 1,referculially, A %joapic of Aq and
*III) is "Ifird with IICI ~.l U4 to contain '15-3(1 fill.
coutd. HCI in IMmi. wAn.. III pil.ofil.11015M ICI isadded.
and tho polo. is t1tratod with 41.1 N Kilro.. 11.90. Inter.
fans Wlgbdy at couiros. hisfiff than III ml. lwr 1191 nil. of
l
iasin., otnif it ig rectimmended that the txce%,j he aeutralixed.
The method Is suitable for detir. As and SIP Its alloys.
Nt. lludlicki

pbAnixic am y IV.
Ilk;

OW07"' k
ran! h-41"
xpw~.1053)tvl e. C.A; 4 Mg,!jund
Art Aiwited fit SaInC contr.,suff! cut:
I lamInate ci
lick T In I tor
nd
. g
eu c 1 h! i":.

CIHALIK, J.
Navody 4e oviceiiint z analyticke chemie pro pokrocile. J. Cihalik Zet al.
Vyd. 1.,/ Praha, Statni pedagogicke nakl., 1953. 153 P. (Ucebni texty
vysokych skol) fInstructions for exercises in analytic chemistry for advanced
students. diagrs.L/
East European Til. 3, No. 3
SOI Monthly List of !Cceaaional Library of Congress, Maich 1951, Uncl.

emit, SAR06uv
Md
AA
."r - be t;QZ
4 . g.
ions In'RtsNH, HtWCHtCHsNH%. NH(CHt,
at. CHuN&,. and lT:NCH%CHr'
lCO(&(COllWC),lCl!000ll1);-(r) solus. has been studied.
po - Jc detn. of Pd In the presence of An the
U~b
.mmended. 1R. Erdi~
r

Obaidoal Abgt#'~ wave potentlal of ownple
of ethylenedismine tuft
Vol, 48 take pait In the Au�4' ,
Apri 109, 1954 reseed by the preunce
Pd Ions Is -0.55 Y. i
The lonnation of the W
than that of I V. Pol
dium, end Aer mftb
Md. 13111-22.~7T!te pc
i.
Pb. Cd. Cu, 2 As.
Mn, and 7n In
with the complemm I
summarlsed In a table Z4
of pokrMapbk spectra
of dental alloys can be c
=mirk study of sommit noble
ILL behavior and mark-
Dofela , Vfad an
.-Tht ha
Au'* Ions depmds on the eonen.-
e. The tarb-*!* anlop does not,
mplex (1) forcustiont-A is sup-
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* cmpkx Is substa-listly ("ter
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m a
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ha'li Au:;!Vda.
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4 etby'knedlarm e te
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kh-Wave entials and In a chart
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td. ;Guf F. m Cal

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iu6b~& -VIL Determfulift of InA: R. Plibil,
Cthalik. 1. Dole]Al, - V. Simon and J. z
1
JOS4. Abstr. o. 46,824).-Lea
1.
-da thrinined In . (CF1.C00),pb,31110, MO.;
2lbCO.,Pb 011)~; Jawt plasters amd o1niments con-~
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7 pothrome
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,
(tt:[VtUre Vrith NZCJ. IL,+ 200) are addod and the'
Bol4tJon Is titmW;with 0,1 JV ZnSO, soln. until tb
6
Ur CbSk 10 wine-red. E. 14AYrs
C01
7

CIEIALZ. J.; DOLVAL, J.; Simon, V.; SIRY, V.; ZYICA.J.
r~!,
Polarometric titration in pharmacoutic analysis. 7. Determination
of cyanides in aqua laurocerasi,49sk, farm. 3 no.4;136-137 AP 154,
1. Z Ust~wvu pro chemii analytickon Karlovy university v Praze.
(OTANIBB.Se determination*'
*polarometric titration, in aqm% laurooorasi)

PRIBIL. R.; CIEALIK. J.; DOIAZAL, J.; SME, V.; ZYKA. J.
'osplexometric titration in pharmacautic analysts. 711. Determination
or insulin zinc. Cook. r&rm. 3 n0-7.-242-244 sept 54.
1. 2 Ustayn pro chemil analytickou. L%rlovy university v Press.
Z Vyzk- ustavu pro f&rmacil a biochemil v Praze.
(INSULIN, determination.
nine Insulin, complex titration)

Hff~;FL.4 V
~Potzwgoslhk and POIRrotnetric StUdY Of S.OTAO SlAIC
nitICIa.. Vt. -elective pi~prographic deter!#ation of.
b nrgKInV C1111lik, j t DplpLil, Vl:i!)IiLnI!:!Fqnqn, and
al!
AI ov VniN
Pragitc, Umb.). CAent.
K 117a
18, 2,N:~I 1044 777T.A.-49
cthylenediamine tartrate and O.Ui-Nalii6l solu. 6 al
suitable electrolyte for the selective detn. of Au. !kntie
other metals can be detd. 4nuiltancously. A graph of
polarographic spectra and a table pf half-wive Potentials
of 212 metals lit this soln. are given. E. Erdb

lie
vollu-
I !1.T
~- ,,
cz-,,
t~u nrc G.

Jx-la.- NQUk and Rva hudr-301,
Z--,l n
---ruic &m. J
and Cu The Uplirrnm C(Lufitli);ib for the dclu. (q 11) weir
3-10 Inc. un 20 ml. vol. in Um 'KNO. lky lmpu~.iltj; ut
0.6 Y. auff by using pJJ .1-7, fil mo-t alk. ~iolp* . the i---
1"03) of -0.9 Y' V' A~ trquiml. -Ae did not III-
tcrier-t- Al, Cm, Cd, As. Pe, Sb' At, Cl Ni CA)
Mn, (!a. SY, End D2- T4D det Cd, 4 -1e. Cd ill'A ",
vt4. was 6.1rated at polrmtial~ vT 0
~-ff- 3-8. A2 C, T-t~f!~Tv Al

,WUsr of iDdL-ir chlraide IV. Dr-,~14-
- -.0- -1 ! an., T R-aB--f Ivar-f-If
mr --- . . ~- ----

CIHALIK, J.
CIHALIKY J. Use of iodine monoel-dorides in analytic chemdstry. H. -'eterminati'm
of arsenic, antimony, and tin. In Russian. p. 111. Vol. 21,
No. 1, Feb. 1956. .13)BOIRNIK CT-21MOSLOVATSKIKH FAB4DT.
COLLECTION OF CZE~HOSLOVA~K -,;q!i2-fI,,;AL COI[-'.UNICATIC~7.13. PrahD,
CZECHOS"LOVAKIA.
SOURCE: KAM" EUROPEAN ACCESSIONS LIST (EEAL) VOL6, NO 4" APRIL 1957

ClM%LlK, J.
CIW-..IK, J. Use of iodine monochl6ride In nnalyticdl.emistry. III.
Determination of some organio compounds. In Russian. p. 192.
TA. 21, No. 1, Feb. 1956. SBOENIK CH lHOSLOWMKIKII
HIMIGHESKIKH RABOT. COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK
C011,213NICATIONS. Praha, CZEM103LOVAKIA.
SOURCE: EAST EITROPEJIN ACCESSIONS LIST (EEAL) VOL 6, no. L, APRIL 1957

CIHALIK), J.
CIHA,LIK, J. Use of bdine monochloride in analytic chemistry. IV. Determination
of thiourea. In Gerffnn. p. 262. Vol. 21, No. 1, Fbb. 1956
SBORNIK CHEK140SLOV.ATSKIKH KHI!AJ-"HMKIKH Bj%BOT. COIJ-~EXTION OF
4
-ZECF,OSLOVPJ' CHEMICAL C0111JNIC~TIOHS. Prshp, C"~;IICHOSLOV.,` T
1 'k ~ Y%-A.
SOURCE: EAST EUROPEAN ACCESSIONS LIST (EEAL) VOLk NO 4 APRIL 1957

C,l 1-b a Obtal nm-4 ~C! n-.'~
7 ~;s--v:att L-afltr-
ur 2 - 20 1-4 Off pt, h-1 ~,'L
reAltugvcd wk h KOH, Q-6 V X u,
tht -Wn. is tilm-ca with I al &r
of 0 9 V 1 i to 16 Me of C-4 js jralauura in
01C Pmlenrgl Q! AiNG, At P92 to a wilil an ala'N'i4c
solo. of 1-ut all upplied jr-acuttall of 0 to 1 -0 V, It
h prvwt,- the ~ mm a Cis- W4 Cd ii vbtm4m-d
by. A Supar At',~ "'quol untq tho
in, medit , with
-Tho differuto 4 lbvt tl tions'glvts tpor-munt:
"re pmint -11~ S. snnoss,

Pt' tonninugm o1 Cmulewas I 'nitrllotrt-
L
-7
Small rmDuritj cd the.ciilwimetrk thinton with
CuSO, soln.. %ith catech A violet (in Na acetate
=edlutn) or mw=lda firi a HII Wn) as W cator
&i~

indicator is
prelcrable- The error was >
br

d,

yj of I L !"t ln.")O
caIl Im titrazeil in Orp, i0v
acid to-z"!. llcl~ at in Nall(*(-)- soln i!i: ;,!I
averp.jLr error A or 0,11",
I,, ;l %tur. ~il rvrm-
~%.M 1i1'! I~nat, H~v ( N 'a %,ii~
~,in then add :.c1, !u i ~!-qld
-N hy i,afil.g, '(d n "'allco, And
tm;i.to Vic SC-N-.

77- J --ip, E~*,7~bv~- ir
01 1 -AV -10- IV I. YOM a VUf gr
of
J6 -11~
i~% n fox-3 -io 1~0=g of Hg is -4-0-32','~.
)21 ]z

.Clt~L . J. : VORACEK, J.
"Application or organic sulfur compounds in volumetric analysis.
II. Titration with the potassium salt of mercaptophenylthiothiodiazole.
In German. 11
p. 407 (COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK CHEMICAL C012-190ICATIONS. SB0R%IK
CHECKSHOSOLVATSKIKH KIDUCHESKIKH WiBOT. -- Praha) Czechoslovaka. -)
Vol. 22,, No. 2,, April 1957
SO: Monthly Index of Fast European Accession (EEAI) U, Vol. 7, No. 5, May 1958

YK ~J-
CZECHOSLOVAKTA/Aualytical Chemistry - General Questions. E-1
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Khitaiya, No 8, 1958, 24682
Author : Cihaliki-J., Terebova, K.
Inst, :
Title : Use of Iodine Monocliloride in Analytical Chemistry. VI.
Determination of Hydrazine, Phenul Hydrazine, Hydroxyla-
mine and Iodine Monochloride.
Orig Pub : Sb. chekliosl. khim. rabot, 1957, 22, No 3, 756-763
Abstract : See RZhKhim, 1957, 51545.
Card 1/1

4-WWOMO~*V C' -t ~ A I I k~ ) SA ~_05 1, AV
CZECHOSIOVAKTA/Analytical Cbemistry - General Topics E-1
Abs Jour -.1 Rat Zhur - Khimiya,, No 4,, 1958, No. 10952
Autbor i -jraroslav Ci -Eva Kudrnovska-Pav:Likova
~_. .. n_21hoAk, -
Inst I NoT'G-1ven
Title Application of Organio-Sulphur Derivatives to Titrifnetric
Analysis, M, Titration with, Me,rcaptobenzotbiazole.
Orig Pub Chem. listY, 195T, 51, No 1,~ 76-Bil
Abstract An ampere-mtric method of Ag, Hg(l+)., HE-(2-0 and Bi de-
rmination by 41
to U- tration with mercaptobenzot-hiazole (I)
solution and with a I~g drop electrode and a st. a. e. was
developed. I produces with Ae,3 Hg and Bi precipitates ~of
a very little solubility product; titration of weakly dis-
sociated sa;ts (for (?XAmPle,4gCl2) or in a complex producing
medium (for ezomple., a' Ag salt in NH) OH iredium) is possible.
Bi is titrated at the potential of -2 V, all the others
are titrated with short-circuited elec rodes. Titration was
r
carried out in air with stirring by a matnetic stimer or
by a current of an inert gas. 0,5 M of KN03 was added to
Card 1/2

CZECHOSLOVAKIA Analytical Chemistry. Analysis of Organic E-3
Substances.
Abs Jour- Rof Zhur No 10, 1958, No 32232
Author i Jaroslav Cihaliks Jaromir Ruzielca.
Inst : - ---
Title s Use of Iodine Chloride in Analytic Chemistry. VIL Deter-
mination of Thiouemicarbazide, Biamuthone and Dimercapto-
propanol..
Orig Pub 3 Ohom. listy, 19571 51, No 2, 264-271; Sb. ohokhosl..khim.
rabot, 1957,.22,..No 30' 764-772.
Abstract Tho thiourea derivatives (for.example, thiosemicarbazide)
(I) and substanciis containing the -5H group, for example,
bismuthone (K salt of 5-me-reaPto-3-phonyl-2-thio-1,3,4thiadi-
axolone-2) (II) -and dimereaptopropanol (II) are easily oxi-
aizod by iodine i"'hloride (IV) and are determined by potontio-
metric titretion~with IV solution and a Pt electrode. The
titration of I yroceeda according to the sumary equation
Card 1/~

CZECHOSLOVAKIA / Analytical Chemistry. Analysis of Organic E-3
: Substances.
Abs Jour iRef Zhur - Khim., No 10, 1958, No 32210
Author Jaroslav Gihalik, Kveta Terebova.
Inst
Title se of Iodine Chloride in Analytic Chemistry. VIII. De-
termination of Some Analytically Important Organic
Substances.
Orig Pub~ :Chem, listy, 1957, 51, No 2, 272-277; Collect. czechoAl.
ohem. communs, 1958, 23, No 1, 110-115-
Abstract :The potentiometric titration with ICL solution described
in the foregoing reports was used for the determination of
mereaptobenzothiezole (1), 8-oxyquinoline (II) and anthra-
nilic acid, (III). I reacts according to the equation
2C7H4SN.SH + I+ --->C7H4SN.S-S.PSH4C7 + I- + 2W. ICI oxi-
dizes I to 12 in the second reaction stage. -The corres-
Card 1/2

CZECHOSUVAM/Analytical Chemistry. General Questions. E-1
Abs Jour: Ref Zhur-Khim., No 13, 1958, 42991.
Author : Cihalik Jaroslav, Voraaek Jaroslav.
Inst :--------------
Title : Use of Organic Derivatives of Sulfur in Titrinetric
Analysis. IV. Titration with Potassium Salt of
Y,ereaptophenyl-Thio-Thiadiazolone-
Orig Pub: Chem. listy, 1957, 51, No 2, 278-282.
Abstract: Description of indirect potentiometric and auperom-etric
determination of Di) and of direct apperometric deter-
mination of Cu and Cd, by titration with a solution of
Dismuthol (I; K-salt of mereaptophenyl-thio-thiazolone)-
Determination of Di: to a known excess of solution of
I is added, irt a 15-20 nil neasuring flask, the solution
Card 1/2
16

CIHATZK, J. ; SIM , J.
--------
"Polarography in anhydous acotic acid. 1. Introduction. p. 128311
P. 1283 (Chemicke Listy, Vol. 51, no. 7y July 1957, Praha, Czechoslovakia)
~!ontbly Index of East European Accessions (EFAI) LC., Vol. 7, No. 7, Ju-br 1958

CZECHOSLOVAKIA / Analytic Chemistry. General Topics. E
Abs Jour: Ref Zhur-Khimiya, No 18, 1956, 60559,
Author Jaroslav Cihalik,,Josef Simek, Jaromir Ruzicka.
Inst
Title Polarographing in Glacial Acetic Acid. II. Polar-
ographic Behavior of Thallium, Cadmium, Copper,
Uranium and Palladium.
Orig Pub: Chem. listy, 1957, 51, No 9, 1663-1668.
Abstract; The following half-wave potentials with refereuoa_
to a saturated calomel-acetate electrode, the po-
tential of which had the value of 0.076 v with re-
ference to the normal aqueous calomel electrode;
were found: Tl: 1 M of HDS04 - -0.48 v, saturated
ammonium acetate solution- - -0-35 v, saturated Na
acetate solution - -0.34 v; Cd: 1 M H2SO4 - -o.41
v, saturated ammonium acetate solution - -o.48 v,
Card 1/3
67

CIMUK.. J.:. TEREBOVA., K.
7!~~ I
SCIENCE
Periodical COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK CHUqCAL Ca41UNICATIONS. SBUWK CHEKHOSLOVATSKIKH
KHIMICHESKIKH RABDT. Vol. 23, no. 1, Jan. 1958.
C1HALIKj J.; TEMOR, K. Use of iodine monochloride in analytic chemistry. V11. Determ-
ination of Boma analyticany important organic compounds. In German. p-4, 110.
Monthly List of East European Accessions (EEAI) LC-, Vol. 8, no. 3, March, 1959. Uncl.

Gencrai Topics. E
,",bs Jour: Eef Zhur-llin., No 5%, .1,959) 30927-
a
thor : 6
l1 ihalilc, Jaroslav.
Inst :. --
Title P, lica- I~d~iMonochloride in Paialytical
CherAstry. IX. Datemination of Divalent Iron..
Trivalent Titanim and EDTA.
OriG Pub: Chel-a- listY, 1958, 52, i~io 6, 1075-1082.
Abstract: IM was used for the potentionctric titration of
Fol-l-, Ti3f- and of MM (II) separately, mid also z 4-
for the sirxLltaneous deterT.Anation of Ti 3t- and Fe
The direct titration of FeJ, * with IC1 solution
according to the equation Ve +21 = Ve + I,~
does not succeed because of the high oxidation-
Card 1/ 5

CZECHOSLOVAUA/Analyt~cal Chouistry. Geneml Topics.
Abs Jour: 11cf. 22mr-Min., No 9, 1959, 3P927.
Card
lent to the I present. To remove Fc3*-, -the FeSO~
solutioni acidified slightW -with hydrochloric acid,
is agitated with motallig HS.. N is removed fron
the II solution by passing inert'gas throuGh it.
The describe,d me-thod nay-also be'use d for the deter-
nination of titers of II solutions. Oxidation of
T04~ -by the act"."Lon of ICII;proceeds easily with
the fornation of.. I-- - By further addition of M
I- cmi be o.-Adized to It. - By'this method it is
possible to determine Ti without the use of inert
atnosphere. The' ti tration of TiJ"t'* proceeds still
better in the presence of NHjjF which lowers the ORP
of the T13+-/Ti-4 systm, to close to -0 -362v (in I
H~Wt)'. Th contrast to strong Ier oxidizing agents
4/5
70
E

CZEOHOBIDVAKIA / Analytical ChemiBtry--Analysis of inorganic E-2
substances.
Abs Jour : Ref Zhur - Khitlya, No 14, 1959, No. 49213
Author : CILhAjLk.,_JJj; Voracek, Ja
Inst :~~ kaif."s- ' ?A"-"L-' i
Title Applidations of Iodl~~Cbfilotldb'in Analytical Chemistr'y.
X. YAcrotittatiohn irith Iodine Chloride
Orig Pub Chem Listy, 52, No 7, 1269-1273 (1958)
Abstract The authors have determined optimum conditions for the
potenti metric titration of microgram quantities of A93*,
Fe(CN)6 -, and I- with 0.001 - 0.0001 M solutions of IC1.
The microdetermination of An in acid and neutral medium
is not feasible because of the long time required for
the potential to become stabilized; hence the titration
in this case must be~carried out in alkaline mDdium. where
the oxidation of As3+ proceeds according to the equation
C ard 11%

CZECH03IDVAKIA Analytical Nlio6iairy-~-Analyais of inorganic E-2
substances.
Abe Jour itof Zh* a himiid') ko i , 1�59, No. 49213
and proceeds best in NaHC03 at pH ca. 8.2; the titration
cannot be carried out in acid medium. The slope at the
endpoint is 6,000 per 0.02 ml titrant volume; the titration
curves are eyometrical. The endpoint potential is 40-36v.
2 - 4oo5 re(cN)64- can be determined in 3 - 5 ml solution
with a probable average deviation of +0.59%. The titra-
tion of I- can be carried out in either weakly acid or in
neutral modium or in woakly neutral medium; I- is oxidized
to 12- 1wre acid solutions cannot 'be used in the titration,
since the pill of tho solution must be below 8; at pH>8
the hydrolysis of Ml takes place. Very small amounts
of I- am titiated in 0.05 M H01. The titration curves
follcw Fatoral ratio and thoir intersection point in
neutral and weakly acid mediun lioa at 40.55v. The slope
at the endpoint attains 1,000 per 0.04 ml titrant volume.
Card 3/4

CIHALIK, J.; PLUHA.R, J.
Applica-tion of Iodine chloride in analyllir-- c1lemiEl,ury. pt.11.
f -79 ltv 165.
Coll Cz Chem 30 no.5:14"3-14.
1. Ins4-.itute J",ur analytische Mamie, Kazrls-Univsrsita-~, Prague.
Submi-b"ed April 9, 1S,64-

CIHALIJK J,, T
W#
Applic;atior; of fodlnc- ohlor-ide in analytic cheitd3t-ry. Pt..12.
Cull Cz CherG 30 no.5-.14.80-1489 My 165.
1. Inst-itut !'ur analytische Chetrao, Karlo-Un-~'vEirsitat,, Frague.
Submitted April 9, 1964.

i ~.*.~.911-"ilK,--J,....:".-.Z,.~-.
it H msawaring tecinniquoll by W. F-bwall-F.,. Ferim;ed b7 J, C-1hailk.
C-em li-lt.Y 59 no.304:k.)12 Mr 1655.

7
Lt 11,01 (>,.qtmir W',ALIK Iff) Deptirbujit of 111tantal Nedielite of '.,!I! itarv
Vojmslte 110mocilice') OIC'mouc.
Experiences with Che I acyx to -Cho laugiography Upgrogeopy.
Y21siskj~.Zdravor-nicke IA~tj, Vc%'L 31, No 6, Doc 62,; pp 277-280.
Al,Lzt-v;k-;-,i Done in 12 patienti Mrice 1956., pneumoporitonawn ther.
x 15 cm. needit- puncr. 4011 0f gallbladder to take
bilia .!~ptclirenv and r,-.akp. sure oi locat-lon-, then 25.1, di-iodono injecrion
and rwitganogram. Hig~_t reragerxzr.=3 wift detaila 8bout- uses;
indic.arions, contra- itidicatiom rtjd camplicatione are 113,:ed. No Czech
and, 4: lleptern referl-nees.

CIHftRI
CHIGARZE, Irzhi [Uhar, J.)
I.......................
tee *a the systematics of crucids carp (Carassius carassius
m. humilis Heckel, 11840). Vop. ikht". no.11:136441" 1.58.
(MMA 12-.1)
l.Institut sistematichookey zoologii Urlova universiteta v Prage.
(Elbe Riier-Carp)

CIHAR~ J.
Spraking of ph-sical characteristics of airports, p. 120
I
LETECXY 013ZOR. (11nesterstvo deprovy) Praha, Czechoslovakia. Vol. 3,
no. 4, Apr. 1959
Monthly List of East EuroTean Accessions (EEAI), LC. Vol. 9, no. 2, Feb. 1960
UNC1.