SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT RATNER, N.A. - RATNER, S.B.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001444320001-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 98
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: August 1, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Z:,tMYSWVA. K.H., RATINER, N.A.

.; , a

SUBJEM USSR/Hypertension R5-4,,5/-34
~AUTHORi Ratner, Doctor of Medical Sciences
TITLEi Hypertension (Gipertomichookays, Bolosal)
PERIODICAL:. Vauka I Zhisal April 1957, 4, pp 11-13 (USSR)
IBSTRAM Among cardie-vasoular illsesess, HypertensismAs one of the
oat frequent. Iti maim.- 4"ptoo I# :permaxe' sod, blood,
n atlyincrea

ressuro:in.th* arteries. Headaches, busting in the ours, and
p
reduced ability,to.work are the consisquencese Bypertonstea to
mot@ frequent asong,clty Inhabitants then with"people In rur'el
dtitrictes Thle'll1nome to not limited to people eve .40 yre
r
and older# but,hasialso been Observed with such younger patients' .
classifiod this-diseas*1441 an
Tho Soviet scientist G.F. Laughas
.
methods
independent alluent,,thua ensuring a better approach to
of curing it. Hyportomia can be cured if its psychic sources
or* eliminated and proveitive,treatment in applied In due
course. Soviet Academician A.L. Vyasnikov comes.to the conclu-
sion that Hypertension Is due to heavy neurosis leading to.
disturbances In the cardle-vascular system. For therapy# the,.

Card 1/2 Soviet medicine Diabasol is recommended for oral application in

!E!J
RATNER. Nina Aleksandrovne. prof.; DANILTAX, I.G., red.;,ZUMA, N.K..

GLEZER, G.A.; SPIVAK,-G.L.
Use of ismelin (guanathidine) inh rtensIion. Terap.arkh
ype
noo8:102-109 #62, 15:12)

RTMIM, flina Aleknandrrovna, prof.; GLEZE."', Gervikh Abramovich,
v
kand. rned. nauk; NIKOULYIT, V.A., red.

ACC: NR. AT6034488 SOURCE CODE:--'-UR/3166/66/000/133/0059/0073
Amuo'yaj
AUTHOR: A. Z.; Ratner, N. S.
ORG; none
TITLE: Subsurface drainage into the mountain rivers of Central Asia
SOURCE:, Leningrad. Gosudarstvennyy gidrologicheakiy inatitut. Trudy,
no. 133, 196~, -Isaledovaniya podzemnogo stoka v reki (Studi,es, of has&
~flow.inco rivers), 59-73,
TOP I CTAGS drainage system, surface water, hodograph, underground water, rain,
show / Central Itsia
-ABSTRACT: The Makarenko method (genetic analysis of hodographs) is.
~,used to make a quantitative estimate'of the subsurface. drainage into,,- 1'
the mountain rivers of Central Asi no,
a. -Subsurface waters i these regia
n
origindt6 primarily from malting seasonal and permanent snows and
glaciers, rainfall generally playing a secondary role (less than,15.% in'L
the larger rivers and almost zero in the high mountain streams where
theirainfall (maximum in the summer) is largerly lost chrolugh evapora-
tion). Them dynamic coeff,icient of well and river, discharge depends, on.-~, L
rock lithology.and struo~t re' as well as on climatic conditions in~each
U.
'Card '1/5

. ACC NR, AT6034488

ACC NR, AT6034488
~, I'
I

ACC NRt AT6034488
individual area., River-gage data for the 1936-1958.pectod.were
analyzed to.derive.the following characteristics of subsurface drain-,''
age: mean annual discharge (runoff vol6me), subsurface4unoff.,do'th
P
coefficient'of subsurfac'e discharge Into the ri vers. and the uininuu,-
discharge, by year, during low-water perio6da. :Results are tabulated 4n,
graphic form for the,relationship of subsurface-flow charaeteristics~te
the average clevation"of tho'citchmint-,ares for itne 4rea ,a In ce'ntral-
Asia (see Fig. 1). on a 1i2,500.0_00 Uap,(see Fig * 2),and'on a U&P
~showing subaurface~drainage Info'nountain rivers-Ii 0arcest'a'ai'of
total river discharge (see Fig. 3)'.' It is estimated that thin totaill.su.
surface water reserves accumulate In this isigion at.th* rate 01
/see inal
.55.5 km/yr. The mean subsurface discharge Into.rivereja 3.971
an amount w4ich, in 105, times smaller than that In the csucssuls-~aad_
twice as much 'as that In the-Uralse Over-the entire ereae-tbs-coeffim~
subsurface d1o'charge varlas betwees 20-40%. OrIge art* bass-1
5 figures and~5 tables. (W. Ai. Sol
SUB~CODE: 08/ SutH DATRi.-mose/ ORIG RRYs 018
Caid /5
5

'
AUTHORS: V.ya.
Ratner,.R.I. and Shapiro,
TITLE: Pickling '6upronickel in Sulphuric-acid Solution with
Addition of Ferric Sulphate (Travleniye mellkhiora
V Bernokislom rastvore s dobavkoy sullfata.okisi zheleza)
PERIODICAL: Tsvetnyye Metally,,195a, Nr 10, pp 70 - 73 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Cupronickel is normally pickled in a mixture of
sulphuric and nitric acid with hexavalent chromium as
an oxidising agent, but this has disadvantages. At the
Revdlnskiy zavod obr&botki tsvetnykh metallov (Revda
Non-ferrous Metals Treatment Works) an investigation was
carried out.to find a better pickling liquid. After
laboratory tests had shown almost All the preparations
recommended in the Soviet literature (RefS 1-3) to have
disadvantages, the work was extended to sulphuric acid
containing ferric sulphate. The sulphuric acid remoV6s.
the outer scale and.the ferric ions oxidise the eopperland'
nickel and cause their solution. The tests were carried
out with 3-30% H2 and 40-200 g/litre of Fe SQ at
S04 2( ")3
0 0
16 100 C. 50 - 70 C was found to be the best
temperature (Figure 1), securing a,sufficiently.rapid~
solution without evaporation losses. The reAuction.,of..
Card 1/2

bov/1 6-58-10-1~d.2~
Pickling Cupronickel in Sulphuric-anid Solut on
with A i i6a of
Ferric Sulphate
ity of pick ed-
ferric-ion,concentration with increasing quant
metal varies to the same e:ktent per unit surface (Figure,2).
The relative decrease' in sulphuric acid concentration
remaine&theroame for all solutions tested (Fiv*,3) The.,
optimal sulphuric-acid:and ferrous sulphate concentrations,-,
were found to be 10-20916 and 40-120 S/litre, respectively,.
giving a pickling time of ?-10 min, with fresh solution.
In works tests, surface quality was found to be better.than
with chromie reagents; laboratory tests showed metal losses
to be lower. The authors regret that the adoption of this
superior method is hampered by lack of commercial ferric:
sulphate. Solutions of this type were-found to be applicable
nickel and stainless steel. There are 3 figures~and
6 references,,5 of which are Soviet and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION; Re-~-.dinskiy zavod obrabotki tsvetnykh m tallov
e
(Revda Non-ferrous Metals Treatment Works)
Card 2/2

SOV/136-59-6-19/24
kUTH,OR: Ratner,
TITLE: ing of Non-passivating Nickel Anodes in a
Sulphuric Acid.Solution of Ferric Sulphate,
(Travlehiye nik&,levykh.nepassiviruyushchikhgya
anodov v sernokislom rastvore sullfata okiai'zheleza)
PERIODICAL:Tsvetnyye metally 1959, Nr 6, pp 91-92 (USSR)
~ABSTRAGT: Non-passivatin6 nickel anocles ia the w6rkilig condition..
must possess an active surface capable of.conducting
electric current efficiently, free from scales and
foreign inclusions. In the manufacture of such,anodes:..'
ed pridr'to rolling in a mildly., " 0
the ingots are. heat
oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature of 1150.-"1190 C-
which causes,the'.formation of a dense.layer,or.scale
consisting.of NiO and NiS. It is p
ossible, toremove
such scales.mechanically butthe cold working suffered_..~
by the metal as a result of impact of abrasive particles
sharply decreases the working properties . of the anodes,.:
lowers the quality,of the nickel.deposited
Mechanical, electro-chemical and various:chemical.
methods were used for cleaning the non-passivating
Card 1/3 nickel anodes from scale. These were, however,

SOV/136-59-6-19/24
Etching of Non-passivating Nickel Anodes in a Sulphuric Acid
Solution'of Ferric Sulphate.
unsuccessful and unsuitable for shops with small floor.
areas. The purpose-of this work was to find a method
acceptable.to small firms. As the scale consists of
Nio and*NiS,,the etching reagent had to contain
substances attacking both compounds. For the solution,
of.nickel oxide the usual acids were used and for the
solution of nickel sulphide, mangane5e.dioxide and,hydrogen
peroxide were used. According to Nekrasov (Ref 4) and.'.._~,:
Layner (Ref 5), ulphat in acid soluti t*
s e 0311 is an.ac 3-ve
oxidizing agent. The-positive results obtained by
W*
Ratner (Ref 1) with etching of German silver ith a
sulphuric acid solution of ferric oxide ha've.shown the.
possibility of.its application for the cleaning of
nickel anodes. The results of a number of experiments,
have shown that the most complete removal of scale
occurs when the anodes are held for 2 to 3 hours in a
solution containing 200 to 350 g/litre Fe2(SO4)3 and
10 to 20% H2SO4 at a temperature of 60 to 800C.
Cards' 2/3*, The sulphuric

S/124/62/000/001/044/046
'
D237/D30
4:,
AUTHORS: Kraychik, M. M. and Ratner, R. S.
TITLE; Fatigue limit and methods of its improvement in.
welded joints in low-alloy steel,
PERIODICAL,.: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, no. 19 19629
-i. in-ta zh.
53, abstract 1V468 (Tre Vsesd n.
,
d. transp., 1960, no. 195, 146.1-161)
TEXT: Reference.data.are quoted of the dependence of the,
magnitude of the fatigue limit on the coefficients of asymmetry
of eycles~ for welded joints of the steels CT.3'1 (St's 37) and
C-i-.92-(St- 52). Details are given of the author investigatti on
~of the welded H beam and diagrams of fatigue limits of welded
Joints in the steels of type 14 and MCT. 3
(Mst. 3) versus the
magnitude of average stresses. Experimental data are compared
with~ the results of analytical constructions by the method of
B~ N. Duchinskiy and others. It~is shoym that in investigating
Card 1/2

AUTHORS: Kraychik, Y.M. and fttAQT
_.-R.S., Candidates of Technical:.1
sciences
TJTL~,. Vibration :ftrength of "Reld Joints of Low-Alloy and Low-
Carbon Steel (0 vibratsi6nnoy.prochnosti svarnykh soyed i
neniy.iz nizkolegirovannykh i malougleradistykh staley)
PERIODICAL: Svarochn6ye proizvodntvo, 1958, Nr 2 pp 18 22 (USSR):
ABSTRACT: InforrIationis presente& on experimental.investigations
carried out in order to reveal the effect of the vibration..,,',...
load cycle on the strength of,weld joints, in low-alloy and'.
low-carbon steel. Equal strength "Amits, of low-alloy,and
low-carbon steel with a high stress concentratim were, ob7l,
served in cycles approaching symmetry and were waintained:"
in cycles with posit ive asymmetry. Diffe 11
rence in,fatig e-q-1,
limits increased in.proportion. to increasing asymZetry

h)AD I N V V
O.T. TV,% I A..
-in,
mate iGI., dUrl
re,~ 01A !rntIt.11 nt., arog r

1. RAT LEM, S. B.

Rataor, &-jLi:
M.
ew4 pub
,
faveftim" Ike Intel, arvmral;~*,
'
'
,
WA4
hool" (wets by ai
movibod
of c6i"d Gook WGILI U ro
If-7A rok 144; )W"Akwl. No-A8W#(NA.)9:,G.
(I M). W. too".
rvp"Invir" W" 14, twakr Inv~~ It, 16A-on
f+11don JVW6W 14 tO Cwb
Of fld!~
.
Oar fvv~f #V:
4 AWAMM a law. W to ttto mm of
0104 04 ibi mak"ve- tuft No brift" Uw,b*Ak* Ill ctmllnol.:
To
got" 110 6k" was owmmpF4 inglartli we film"
-A w" wets M Avok bma*A in emb

A41010404011 Who *A warialb fto!w~ boloolloampli valors
a( M. ~Jy seat F '"-"Wfw~a r;.

Man Wkiii A (aii n~ ba*) lelip I *6*im of
aakeral n&bw.: a
Woo sibm I* waka ok
meal Pketalial low"
m

wmapldw an,

w.: Author
IM
6
,
-
,
k
fai in 66
o
a
m
X
,
"Itoom of vmkwm~' Ao li've mmlmt~ 4d AS& *k" I* hL
*Ab nakift
Imp away of roAmA oinked of IW,:
7-
filwc .

ZUYL.il I Yll. S. I AND FUTINER, S, - 13.

XMIL'R, S. B.
FD 195
USSR/Chemistry Rubber and Elast
Card 1/1
Authors Bartenev, Q, M,, Ratner S. B.,,Novikova, N. M., Konenkov,, K. S
Testing of rubber in regard to its resistance to low temperatures by
m
easuring the loss of elasticity:
Periodical KIAM' prom. 32-34 (224 P26), June 1954

Abstract. n
Authors regard as urEa%tisfactory the standard procedure C06T 408-51; i
which the resistance of ruLber to Jow .~,~mperaturcs I* determined by~ M2415_
thc incren-oc in rigidity On the oi~ u~o .0
at t',. to deformation at 20' Deccribe detail a procedure developed
by them in which the temperature T
of the rubber increases by the factor l/K. As distinuivited f rura th~
GOST.piccedure, determination of k (coefficient of resistancc to low tem
peratures) by the new method does not depend on the time during which.the
deforming force is applied.. Four USSR references, one since 1940; two
foreign references. Three graphs, two.figures.

t tl 7
J,
V,
at Cum FOLTZ=.
OEDIUL'.
Z
S&-, lama Illiducoli 01--sl
, 1
IL Al- kic,: Jou
xh4r.-
R Wl 95
S
m
.
.
.
4,
'Pon
6r, Jo6d; 1,

Adr
ru
DArtenev c a "I form
wi
~d
b
i&
r
i4
l
y
s
o
mam as v
0c
t
s
ng
o
.
-
is u~ m40o ifirialon." ltaliMrlhem di
Ao cm work oUJ,, Burn, "d
~
h 'd
l in
foe Indlu nd I
*W
W a
.w o
w
,
S
RX of sildiq Is the cokfrw
&cr6"~' R~bl
first fi=e&�e,6,LhGgi
bob~~ -. Ili trAflar
of.
M46~'i foi
of fflo
_tey
6 sids
tft'p$t
rofvws~ A- ifys~-~

R. 1~ T N
Category USSR/Atomic and Molecular Physics Physics of high-molecular substance D-9
~A~s Jour Ref Zhur Fizika, No 1, 1957, No 1018
Author Ratner, S.B. Lavrentlyev, V'V.
Friction and Klectric Conductivity of Rubber
Title- o
Orig Pub Zh. tekhn fizikl,~1956, 26P ac 4, 853-856
Abstract Data are compaxed on the vaxiation cf the coefficient of friction electric
conductivity, strength, and pa.Tmeation to gas, all as functions of.the amount
of filler in the rubber, aud the ideas developed by S.B. Ratner (Dokl. AN
SSSR, 1953, ~3, No l,),,cvn-_-ern.1mg the nature of friction) are checked. The.
authors cirticize the views 1-f Scbal-lamach,.(,4ch&ll&m6ah.,,.Ai~'-Procoedings of
the Rcqal S,:~ciety, 1953, B66, 386), on the nature of friction of rubber, sho
ing,that experimental data axe satisfactoril.y,described by the following
*Ap-h
equation for the-coefficient of friction:,,~,.,~& where is the
specific load-and h the hax-dn-esa of the rubber;^.. Is the part of the friction.-.
coefficient irA#:~peRdentt of the load, and A is a canstant.
Card, 1/1,

SOV/138-58-8-3/11
H0-
AUT, 15:

.
TIT LE - (Testinr) of Rvbbee b,7 Abrasive PaPer (0b isk,
ranii roT;iny po-shk-ur7-:r0
PE71IODICAL: Kauchullc J Re"zina, 19-5,11, Nr pri 14 01 (Ussrt)

ABSTRACT: r-"- 1-tst GOST 40i~-1941, and- also th
Thr Soviet. _'.ard.'. e
Interm-tional standa,rd ISO 217 (i1w.C.19,55) stipulate a
Ma t,
wear test avainst I.Lbrasive paper on a Grassel C,.Jne.
Tlu:-si_, -tcats give considerable scaiu,ter, and L the mear

-ic r le
h
tL
inaex of the alt-rs 3,
SE
is A- nnv- soviet tandard,L GOST
-Ap oxcimate f-or
bel Pr mulae have r.'
.
_Phy
"r Of %Ine rubber i-lo
ab 11 sh i~~ il r,h-ich relate ~,JeL S
~-.ies,and to its conposi,lon
cal and r.,echanical proper'
1L -.yq ourves for rate of wear verst: lr"IeL
.1 &ho 4u
e
(T) n cm- JiLy e v o. r& t, s 'ab ra s i o n ivie in minut
I I, s _111 es).
wear rate diminishes. rapidly at first'L and. then continues
%C
a tt, a stable rsLt -for _a-s Under er _",O_
c somt~ _'_jjtje' L The aro
,he CVrV(L!s are eqvc-tl and correspond to Uie volume wornL
0_" L
av; a y fron he L specii;,e ns j all ~7,hichL starte'd rlithL Mn
oj~
P rotrus ion from Ithe ~clamp. : The st:s4ble we-~x rate, c mences
Card 1/5 j; e 1f -'of the speclyten has been 7c rn
r 'not more than h,

SOV/138-58MIS-3/11
Mear (Testine) of Rubber by Abrasive Paper
away. The wear Index should be determined by this~stable.
rate of wear, but the difficulty is to determine whezi
f r the init Jai ins tab ilit of
It beeins. The reasons 10 Y
-0 mu '3 t
wear rate ate examined. The abrasive paper Itself
be conditioned, -but as curves 2, 3 and 5 in. FiC61 Shov"p
initial instability. is still exhibit d With.a repeat
e
test with a specimen of the same type of rubber on pre-m.
viously conditioned paper. The authors review. the short
comings of existirC methods of, test, Including the ISO
Dupont-methods GOST 426-1941, and the German standard'
test. Results with the first two methods are compared
with results to the new GOST 426-1957 standard in Table
1. V is the specific wear index and P4 the coefficient
o4' variation. - The effpct of the heirht of the
mon and the influence of bending are considered F .2
shows the relationship between rate of wear (am ri in
ver.SUB flexibilit-'Y as determined in foM.1la (1). This
indicates that the stable zone coi-,imeroesrihen the valUe
lies betwe,en 0.5 and 0.8 riun The principle cause
of seatter in.the early part of the.tegt'nay be attribu
3 shojis varlous
ted to bendinZ of the specimen. P Ir,
star,,uss In the wear of a specimen of 1 am.X 1 ota area.
card 2/5 Fir,.4 shows the wear rates with specimens of various

SOV/138-58-8-3/11
TestjnE) of Thabber by Abrasive Paper
hei-Ilt,8, r~md v arious shapes. Th-I blac'k symbols are. for
ly
lorC specimens, and the *.-!hite for short ones. While
cylindrical or spherical shapes Cive stable wear rates_,~-
it is. concluded ";hat the most aultable chan,,.e to
1~ M; o' th s~,,Amdard 9, en
e the he 2 Cm
is to redto
specimen forom 3 mn; to 3.5 mrl. This will 2ive a 5.1 to
10 n, Iniu t e t 0 st tL a 11 IL C o m n d u m 15 0 p a e rThe . char-
ac',;eristics off' t he rubbers tested to oftain the plots`--~~_'
in Pic. 2 are o iven ill T;:Z)le 2. The f ormvla - (2) relates
rate of wear ~o the properties of Ithe rubber and t e
abrasive paper. &V is the loss of naterial in
AocordiTC to GOST 42G-l!R'7;7, N the no-mmi load should.be_.
'I p
IC',and t, time of test,. five minutes. K. is a con- -
stant. talcin~, into account the abras ve paper and has.
a value,;in this 1. J&-stands for.
test, of 0.4 k,,:,/crp
coef-"icient of friction and 49.for 'Une ~trerz~th of tile
rubber. 1q , is the percenta8e extension of the Speo,Wen:
in a standard test to determine the elasticity of the
F,
rubber This fr',ormula is justi-I"ied by practici-Al telst,
the results of which are shown in FIL.n.. The devIation~.'t
nts vepre3entinL -iear fora
Card 3/5 of the poi actualrate of i

SOV/138-58-8-3/11
17ear (Testing) of Rubber by Abrasive Paper
very large variety of rubbers, from the line calculated
accordi IrC to formula 2, Is not .more than 2'.0%. -A spe 1,c.fic
wear Index coefficiegt V is given in formula (3
cm Avi-hour. W is the 'work of friction#:
V is expressed in
With Corundum 150 Raperv the constant A becomes 700..G~-As
expressed in &cm . and .,as before, Is a percentage:
-:Z
representin.cr.elasticity. Since ra and depend only on..
the composition of therubber the relationship of values.:
of V with different abrasive papers should remain constant.
This is. confirmed by the results shown In Table 4v where't.,;...
four different rubbers were tested aGainst twopapers 0
d
fferent abrasiveness. The relatlon~
i' ship Y2/Vl is,'con.;;'...,
stant However, this relat lonship, W ill not. hold if -the
nature of the abrasivep rather than Its Grain sizep lsl~l
altered widely. While coarse and standard:electro-
corundum papers gave rood agreement, a silicon paper
Card 4/5 5. e
gave a different result, as indicated in Table Tabi

SOV/138-58-10-5/10

-AUTHORS: 11. L; Ivanova Mel'nikova, M. V;
Sakhnevski S. A;
Y
Ratner, i3.
A;Reznikovskiy, M. M, and amirnova,
TITM fl-ea-r _Tes*t_1_rC__of Rubber (0b otsenke istirayemosti
reziny)
MRIODICAL: Kauchuk i Rezina-, 1958.
Nr 10, pp 18 22 (USSR)
ABSTRACTr The mochanism of, abrasive wear of" rubber is Imperfe6tly,
underutood. 'LaborAtory tc:sts with different types of
equipmentEAve Inconsistent resultst and results of
laboratory te3ts do not ~t&ree serrice o~.road
tes'-s. T*fie relations b-Are n the three mechanical par-a
e
meters, F, frictional for-4ep' N, normal lo.;,.d, and Tj,
rtibbliC speed are 'discussed. Three i~odes of tf.*st are'
possible:, (a) F variable, N and U.Constant, (b) K'
variable and. (cJ U., variable. These -r-ive respe,~ti*!s

'lear Indices, V V
-wl V
'
V Is expresse
'
1U
'
#U
I
q
n cm
ar fto
t
he
Pn. A specific uear 1h
dex- v, is r (crq3&,-ih) where W 1s11rcr1c.,.L%:-,~
,Iven: N
done aga-inst f riction. Int s specific wear index- take s

into account the coefficient of frictioh %. ru
of "-he Wh_ e r...

C
/ Co e,"L,O_
Since /k varion fror dif f-rent rubbers Ir L I A Ib~ ra_
ard 1
4 tween the indicea VW, VyU and the specific ;ndex vg,

rz off Rubber SO11/139-59-10-5/1-0
will vary for different rubbers. This is illustrated
in Fir,so' 1, 2 and 3 where.the relative wear, accoi-dl:,.L~
to different indicesAs plotted against filler content
in the ~rubber sample. Actual values for dlfferent~ rub-~
bers o^ the indices V apd V' are given-In Table "A,0
V1 NU - v, c - EU
The speciCic ear, index V is calc ated only under the.
constant"normal load.'regime. The final columns in the
table give relative-values for these IndIces 'For cca-
ValUeSL
P-firlson ~-ith relative obtAined an-actual service.
tests Q'-iven In the last column). The inde:k Vpti shorts.
best correlation Ttith service or r6ad tests, and it is
ibCCested that this inde% ~~rouid be more appropri,~-.te
rubber intended for tyre8. This
vhen testin,, is bcol: Cht
out further in Pi-A whete thAn r9lative indices of labo,
at-ory tests are. n.11161h rel!AAve ,-iear th'actual.
roi-I tes'US. (aymbols 1, 92 3 frl -4 -are
.. -
index 7 symbols 5 and G -Ave V and symn6i-~ -A". 4.0i,
Alar
Index V7~- *hU6 ind-11ces, should: have air.
v ind #V
correlation arcors a-,-n ~11risa when v is taken as an'D,
deN thvollplh~ chari-es in temper'..Ltuoz. a t the rubbins suv-
_aoe. The third role of test ~iitlh F aml~ N
IT variable. h~&s received little atl;en t ion, but
of since ito 'represetits the conditions of wear

'Wear Te st in(- of Rubber, 80-7/138-58-10-5/10
Wear test r 0 16 n~
throueh skidd orde. laborAt ry condit
~-tnd road or serVice tests have diffecent- intensity, partl'
cularly as regards temperature. Table 2 compares contact
pressure, rubbl-q~~, speed ttn-d tempe ratu re f or a tyce, at -~30
~km/hr with 3 slip with conditions under:t-he COST 423 57~
(Government Standard) 'test under constant load conditi6nd~,e~,,-
on a Grassel test machine.. The contact pressure in them
laboratory test is very much loyter-uhile the temperatures:
Is miich hi-lier. The'r1ear index V -- is not peoportiona-1
Lo the normal load N. Ho,;,rever,, tNUe product Y~A is propor_` :'
tiotial to 11 and,is a suitable -wear index as has beeg'
Proved on, tests ~~uth N var,--in,!; from 0.55 to 12. icls/c,
I t i s s u. g grest ed that it aould be more realis.tic.., to,
conduct laboratory tests at hip-,h contact pressures, but
to z*duce' the, coefficient of friction by usln&'less ab
rAhjveL test surfac6s. Methods
using radioa tive'tracers
Card 3/4
dould, enable the intensity.of laborat"'ory: tests, to be

We a rTestine oil 'Rubbers SOV/139-59-IU-5/10

A'U"I'A Ozi 6: 1110.-OV YU. A, Ratner, 3. 13-- swlf~7-2 I VA 5
TlTLf., On the Por-,e of. the Radial Contraction of Rub~-1--e Aini-51,
at a Teraperature Drop (0 sile radiallnogo szh-z~
rezLnovykh kolets 'pri ponizhenii temperutury)
-1,.210DICAL:
28, Ili-
zhurnal tekhnichesko~r fiziki, 1958, Vol.
Pp. 1,1,~a 1451 (USSR)
ABSTRACT. The influence of the cooling, the role playe(i by tine
degree of contraction and the.role of the dross-zemiorial.
fie
form in contraction and bending were investigatel. T.
authors arrived at the following conclusionss 1.) Iihe
cooling of rubber packings-leads-to a steep decreasia of
the radial force. the intensity.of which ir pllloportioztA
-if the
to tile initial pres5ure. The relative chaige
does hardiy depend-on the degree:,)f deILo.-m."tion,.*.I:'L
-ing e
of the pact. -s str ssed by oontraction. This points to the'
nain part of the loss of hiZ;h-ela3tioity as well a to the`.~L~~ i
second4ry role played by the linear expan3ion
2.) The magnitude of the contact force remaining after
cooling is proportional to thia initial preasure. The
Card 112 paekin&s stressed by bending on cooling lose k, much

61
'Rubber Wear Tests by,Means. of a Metal Grid SO -25- -42/6
V/32 11
depend on the propartie6 of the rabbsi. and usually: Vary
inversely. In the present case varied bet-,,;,een I and 6,(Fit Z'
the dependence of the wear III on the lo~~ and degree of
compressi SMI-26, Mi.0 13,
on for rubber of the types SU-40,,
and S101-0 (SKB)), In cormarison to noft,types of rubber, stiff,
types of rubber show slighter at alower degree of
compression,- and higher wear at a high degree of compression,
(many rubber parts wear in the course of certain deformationso,
i.e. elongation). For comparing laboratbry,tests, with the.
:important to knowthe aep ndence of~
operating conditions it is e
the specific- wear of sariple~lt having various '. (noainal). contact. ,
suxfaces,, on the specific preszure. (Fig 3) 0 and to correlsts . . .....
test values obtained with the metttl grid,, with, the wear vai~e5:-,_:,,._.1.1
of the same rubber sample obtained by means of smmooth steel,
arabl
surfaces. Whzm selecting types of rubber,. we, e by at'eel.
surfaces. wear tests.with. a metal grld4 aad L,-Action tests wita.
a metal grid,rauat -to made.. There are 3 AV-Mxrs.-, and 5references
-Soviet.
3 of which are
&SSOCIATION: Sverdlov'si-,iy..ztv(.id.rezinov~,!-,h tekhnichaakikh lzdelly~
Card 2/2 Sve ra I 6v sk Plant for"Com;teraial.
----------

u
Frictjcm of' kubh-r,~r-
Sukhoye i -rz~nichnoyc t.reniye. Frilk (Dr-
ts i o n ny v c~ nnza t, e ri P 1y V!ld
2oun& ry ri cti o ti., Friction "laterials) -L Zd-vo AN SSSHP
Errata zlin insert(,~d. 3, 5(X'; con-~ es n r i n 0. -d' .
e -r--, c s Its: T r i v-31 y v 2)
V- 'tut r, in v d v
r~ C) r., c -v Akcidemiw~ n u'k "J33H. In s t. 1 0 leni a
Ed -a -11'skiy, i en
I. V. KI Doctor of -ec.hzdc~ I .~;c c e. F. ,
L
r
p 1 01, si 1' -:41 O~ Publishing iiouse: ll." I G r u r t., s 11 Tech.
Ed. 6 G.
v-
Th c o I I P- c t o n, nub I i ~si h 4~-ld bv he In-Litut vla'-A. ived; V
41
(~llstdztute of ~'c i. e n c E, o"' 1-k-cidnes-, Aeademv of ociez-.c-s
U '-5) S 1 c Q I I t z i 3 a e, Y - at ti--,e III V,-~p-.-;3yuz!wiyF- Ponferent-
ir
ro 1 1 z lr~ v IjE-- ~j (Tj,,4j-j j," -Ui= Gon~
erence
on rrict-lon P r in A ril 9-15, 1958.

3. it eni k, G. and 1`611,nlkava, 1,.'. V.
On Frictiontia. 'N,.'ear (in Lhe P.I-asion) of 4'tibl-er
rl
6 u 1- e i I.-rvnic'-noye Ilreniyr.. vrlktsiqn:,y, e :71z~ ri,~,ly (Dry
ry Fri ction. Frict-Jon 1,:aterl 1sl A.
Bound., a 10 ~ c 0 w t'i - v 0
2 r . Errata slin inserted . 31)
!q 1&0 coiies printed.
A r ud 2)
~F! -a n c Y Aktuei~,aya nw--';-, jO:-'jj. Instiluut z; t i n oll ed e n I ~F
Ed' 1 V S'-'i Y, cctcr of Tach, 4 C--~ 1 ~C- C.;Ces,
nrofe or E d . of' Publisi-A n;- i; s: p C
I., cl
c c t)
ect ion mib I i!3 i i- d ~by the Insti tul 11' ya,
C a d e_IV
A n s t J. t u t e of ~)Cierice of PL-~, c h i q e of joienecs
US:3R)L_contains pErers rit ed at the Ih V,-esoyuznaya konferent-
rl:i v '0
a 1 reniYu - i iznczti v mw~asl,inrnhh (Third All-Union vonPerence
on Fri c ior. 1,"evx, t
-i ~kwhi nez~ A -.,)ri 1 9~-15 1958'.

5/061/61/000/024/0841'o96
B101/B110
:AUTHORS t Ratner S, B,., Klitenik, G, S,, MePnikova, M,. V
TITLE- Frictional wear (abrasion) of rubber
PERIODICAL%~ Referstivnyy zhurnal., Khimiya, no, 24, 1961, 5B5, abstract
24P,(,32. (Tr~ 3-y Vse5. konferentsli po treniyLi A iznosu v
~SSSR,: 1-460, 95 104)
mashinakh~ v. 2, M, AN
TEAT. Abrasion (A) of rubber with.sandpaper on the Grasseli machine
a co. e
s h ow s isidera-ble spread of values which is due to.the bending of t.
Specimen- This spread can be eliminated by reducing the specimen heiaht
to 3,0 - 3.5 mm, If A is,caused by a metal network, it is not influenced
by the oiling of the friction contact. This makes it possible to, in-
.:vestigate swelled.rubbers:.,..For A with sandpaper and with network
I const P c holds for the intensity I of wear,.~ P is the specific
p p
mal load, c a coefficient, For sandpaper ci~l which corresponas to
or I
n
the Shalamakh equation; for network c >,,l .Hence the influence of rubber
hardness-differs with different load, A satisfactory correlation exists
-L-~seen A. with network and with s
bL teel disk. The correlation between A
Ca rd 112

S/191/60/000/007/0-2/015
B604/BO56
p
AUTHOR: Ratner. S, B.
-a, Testing of Plastic5- Communfeation 1.
TITLE: Th,~~ Mechani
The Phvsical Characteristics of the Mechanical
Properties of Polymers
PERIODICAL: 'Plasticheskiye massy.. 1960, No. 7, PP, 59 66
TEXT: In view cf the fact that:'here are r~ tc-xtbooks and no ,,koLl~rses
on the mtzchanics Of po,lymers, the w-i-thor endea---~~-.s, In a,eer'Aes of
articles,to explaln, the most Important results obtalned for the.. teoh-
.al useof polymer materials', for 'which purpose (in- the following
nj~
publications) the results obtained by the fizika-mekhanicheskaya
SC4
'Laboratoriya NI1PM (Physi.-;aland Mechani-.al Laboratory Ic. f the ~en
-rr- tobe oaken into ac!,-ount,
tific Reseal-ch Institute of Plastics)
In the present report the allMo-rdefi.-'Ps thi; ~-eascn., for the elasticity
f polymers as being the r-!~sialt cf the lerg,T.1, anl f lexibility of the
0
Mole.cule chain;, and desoribes the three physi:~-a, s tates of polyme---=
61t4
v I r 1' fs a to n hi g h - e I a s tc i t yM.ng
'Car'd 113

flevefluevice on tGari ara -411mperauure. . un Me taais of deformation as
a function.of temperature In th,~ -rase of a diff
Prent, cal state
.(Fig, 2) "on is qx
-ed A-lastic. deformat -plai ~=d ure 5
the t)nfo,_r,, (fig
s
--;n th;~ efft~!:t temne
how I _9 Fig: 3), and in F,g
a t~ire and rat,~, o f str-~? sa up,:!.n the beha-v ic, - c, f a polymer -5 O,howr%. The
hIgh-elastic state :.5 -defined :as ly~~ng above t~e -,ri trification tem .,.r-
pe
aturs~, T the enforced-fla~,:tict',y as being b~-Iow T T ab 1 - I In
v v
Table 2 a clazsiftca~Jor. f a"', polymer materia'6 and ribbers~ o a the
basi3 of their useful temferature T intj 3-'x gzcups t ;i given.
A., L--,nea-~ polymer.5-. a- zubbe. I
-3 ari, -r,' -ax,iz-qt;~s:
T
br
kbr'ttler
I tess t,~mperat--tre)i 2) rubberi. T~T tT t
W br
amorphou3 thermorlasts, T < T-/T I
B Cross --jArJced - po rubber T~T,~T b or, t T T/T
lymeXs* 4~'~ 5 ',r1 t
br br
a-_ a "Reac top'A a t;j'- ln,~ T /T
Card- 2/3-

P 5 I-i
The M c h a n i o a',' T e, s t; r, i~, 17 F 1 3/'9- '60/000/007/012/0'!5
Communication 1, The Physical -B004/13056
A
s-ri,stics of the blechanical Pr6per~ies
of Polymers
The'mechanical,propertles of the polyme~r-- ;a r r~ L o m r. r ---d 'ov 1 .11 thcse of
e.-Psci~ally of taQfals and he :%-respond4ng c-quaticna
w i t t d f r; r d ri. fo, -, m, a t 4. o r. h a r i ns s - eI a3 t I c ~ty, r~~iaya..,.cn
fatiguekFi g. i-.tion (Fig, 6)
and thermal expan si on- ~ Frcm this ccxzparisor t~e author concludes that
for plastics two.categories, of tes', methods, are neo e s s ary 1) 3uch
as gAve a general charactfa:-!7.ation of thi- mater.~a!-., and 2). such as
deterri-Ine-the properties n;tcessary for speoi al rpurpe s e,& T~-Ire
are, 6 f igures, 2 t abil z and, 23 referenze,;: 21 S o i t. and 2 US,
3/

S119116010001008101,11014
AUTHOR: Ratner, S. B.
ari-
TITLE Mechanical Testing of Plastics.,Report 11. The Peculi
ties of Test Methods for:Plast.ics. Statlic 'Tea ts
PERIOD IC AL: Plasticheskiye massy$ 19600 NO, 8i PP- 53-59
TEXT: The present paper is a discussion of the specific properties of
plastics and, their test methods, which. must be specially adapte.1 to
individual application. After giving a survey of the systematic
classification of test methods, the present paper deals vith static
methods. A table contains the existing methods for deformation and b
strength according.to rOCT(GOST) OCT(OST), ASTMD, and DIN qtandards-0 e-
Th
standard .a., in most cases provide for a constant, rateof load application#
whereas-the testing machines of the zav,od-I'Metallist" (Plant."Metallist")
and of western origin operate with const nt deformation rates*:A Te-
a I - - I ; ~~
tion- of the, Komitet standartov (Committee :on Standards) for hard plastic ,a
0 000 kgl m2), se 'hard (10,0
(Modulus-of elasticity E >.1 c > 4006),.
Plas,tics (4000
k9/cm2) is-pr6sented.
200)
(E
soft
and''elastics
< 200
> E~ >
Card I/ 4~

1'echanical Testing of Plastics. Report II. S/191/60/000/068/011/014
The Peculiarities of Test Methods for Plastics.BO04/BO56
Static Tests
'Tile author recommends the function a= f(O (Fig. 1) from which mcdulus,~
proportional limit,:breaking lengthl and strength maybe determined. If
0 is stress as function of deformation E , the linearity.of t~e function-
1
may :be obtained from equation (2): a = 01(i + F-110O)m 'r- al(I + mf/100)t~
where m ;.>, 1 is determined.empirically. The tangents of the a curves1co-1
2.
incide with those of the a curves in the case of arbitrary m* The tangent
of their angle of slope is equal to them initial modulus, For determination,:
of the modulus of hard and, sem1hard plastics, the following formula,.
wh i eh hold s f or wood according. to rOCT,-6336-52 (GOST 6336 -52 ), Was: re
commended by_EIIPP. Together with R. A. Po2ova and A. P. Zuvev tile
Knti- I
author determined the Brinell. hardness of K�-3 VF-3), Voloknit,
Vl- 451 (FKPN- 1 5T, P - 451 x nm-~ i o (FKP11- 10) ,,w n )k -9 (iCPzh_9)'O;~'/4 -43
e
0/1-1-43). K-18-2 (K-18-2), Viniplast, - ry-piopylezie,",po 1y f ormaldehyd ~
Steklovoloknit *m.6160 (Plastic material with fiber glas-8 p.6/60)j caprone
resin-68, Khostalen, and high-pressure polyethylene (Fig. 2). Stable'
values were obtained at an indentation depth h -:0.3 - 0,5
Card 2/ 4

Mechanical Testing of Plastics. Report II.
The.Peculliarities of Test Methods for Plastics. B004/BO56
Static Tests
rOCT (GOST) standards$ however, provide for stresses, at which h becomes,
either too large o r too small for some plastics. The equations
El (h ~- h /h, (4) and P h /h (5) arerecommended for-determining
1 2) 2 1
elasticity and plasticity, respectively. Here, El + P 1 (h indenta-
tion. depth under load,-h after removal of the load). roCT4670-49
2
(COST 4670-49)i however, does not provide for a separate determination ofz-
El and P, but only for that of El P. For soft plastics, formulas
W and
(5) :were transformed for elongation by means of a pendulum dynamometer.,.
For the testing of polymers for relaxation at.high temperature, the, appa_._.I.I,~,
ratus nnp-50 (PPR-50) of the CKH514(SKIBM) system is used in the U'SRr,
The, limited strength and its, time- and temperature dependence according'.-
to the Zhurkov equation are pointed out. The;tearing strength,of rubber't'
is standardized acdording:to GOST 262-53; Fig. 3 shows the test arrange-,
ment. The author mentions S. P4 Zamotayev, Head of the TsZL Uralmashzi4oda~.
(central Plant Laboratory of the Ural Machine ?Iant) , as -well as t.
Panshin, and.thanks V. K. Bukarina of the fiziko-mekhanicheskaya
Card 3/4