MEMORANDUM TO MR. DULLES FROM FNJ

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CIA-RDP80R01731R003200020018-0
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August 11, 2005
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18
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November 28, 1951
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Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 SEJRI11 WORAId11OK MEMORANDUM TO: Ift, DULLES ~~P This paper is scheduled for consideration by the PSB Alternates at their meeting Friday, 30 November, at 2;30 PM. I 28 November 1951 (DATE) NSC review(s) completed. Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 is coord3nat ng CIAAaff NSC review(s) completed. TOP SECRET Approved For Release 38K"1$V0W80R01731 R0('2-0L95l SUMMARY The attached PSB Staff Study on PUBLICITY WITH RESPECT TO NEW OR "NOVEL" TYPE WEAPONS, and on the establishmen of a gener procedure for the re ease of information with respect to novel weapons points out that; The American people must be kept informed to the broadest extent consistent with national security. Weapons information which must be kept secret for security reasons should be kept to an absolute minimum. Tinting, place of release, and source of any public statements regarding new -weapons should take into account the effect upon foreign countries, There is need for a concerted governmental effort to carefully calculate the desirability of any departure from fact in the release of weapons information. 'Whether indiscriminate statements about atomic and other novel weapons pro- duce any worthwhile effect on the Kremlin may be doubted, but indiscriminate statements do produce harmful effects in the free world. Terror cannot be used effectively by US if it desires to retain moral leadership over free peoples. US statements on novel weapons must be carefully considered, must be based upon basic US policies, and must take into account the possible and probable effects upon critical world audiences. It is desirable that the Director of PSB be informed in advance of pending high-level statements, RECONDATIONS. APPROVE for issuance to appropriate departments and agencies TABS A, B, and 0. TAB A is draft interim policy-guidance for high-level statements on novel weapons. It lists questions that should be answered before releasing informa- tion; states that content must be chosen with the audience group in mind -- primary audience group is West Germany., France,, Italy and the Middle East, and statements must be based on the policies indicated in the President's reduction of armaments speech. Interim guidance listed includes: emphasize peaceful purposes of novel inventions and that novel weapons are being developed for defensive purposes; de-emphasize the mass effect of novel weapons; we are for control of novel weapons and against city bombing in principle., etc, TAB B is interim policy guidance to reduce the panic effect by repetition; wide pub:Licity, within security limits., of tactical uses for novel weapons; and wide pub:icity, in optimistic tones, of the state of our air defenses. It contains also policy guidance to allay widespread panic tendencies when crisis events occur where war or peace is in the balance. TAB C is interim policy guidance for area media treatment - Soviet area, Satellite peoples., strategic Free-World areas, ancsnon-strategic Asiatic nations. APPROVE the coordinating mechanism proposed in para. lld., page 7, that is, const Novel Weapons Information Guidance Committee to continually revise guidance in light of special cases and changes that take place., and to issue national policy guidance on novel weapons publicity. ASSIGN to State Department the task of preparing detailed interim guidance in conform ty with Tabs A. B, and C. AUTHORIZE the PSB Director to conduct an evaluation of effects abroad of public s -a ements on novel weapons., using the facilities of departments and agencies responsible for the Approved For Release 2006/03/17: CIA-RDP80R01731 9 90020018-0 ~TT, IDP SECIET . 6 I?) -/ 7 Approved For Release 2006/03/17: CIA-RDP80R01 il2f ~AQ 18 2CVIrI ~.ity I~xCor y o`x Copy No.. of 50 Copies PSYCEOLOGICAL TI GY BOVLI1) I1ASEMIMTOr1, D. Co PSIS D-17 1114 1 oveu.,ocr 1951 STAFF M MY 01 PII3LICI`17 -a i . PT'CT TO i OVDL i 1 1i'0ir 3 1. To determine basic policy ;uidance for the content of Governmental statements with respect to tiac existence, developzient of, and contei:plated purposes of netr or "novel" ti a zrcapons. 2. To establish a -Oneral procedure for the release of information with respect to novel *.rapons. DPI!IITIOIT 3. For the purpose of this study, novel weapons are considered to in. clude all %rewpons usint atonic potrer for propulsion or explosion, 1,uidecl. missiles, new bioloGical, radioloGiccl anc: che;aical weapons, and any other novel weapons that nay ap+ ear in the future. iliyd;YSI 1+. There is need for broad policy -,uldance for all appropriate execu? tive departrients and aC oncies on the reloa ,e of information reCerdinG near weapons, based on considered appraisal of the relative advantaees and dis? advantaGos of the release of a*.1y particular item of information in the lir,ht of the folloi-rinG f un r ::e","atel 3rinci Ales: a. Pu'ol-ic res-omi.-i' ilities The very basil s of our systei:i of ;overnrient requires that the people riust be kept inforr:ed to the broadest extent consistent with the national security. .:ch depar taunt and aGency has its out peculiar respans:L- bilities, saw of which we statutory, for roportin0 to the ConGress and the people, for justifyinG requests for appropriations, for the advancer.*:ent of the public welfare, and for otter purposes, TOP a l2L Approved For Release 2006/03/1 7 CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Securi 14f orrnti Approved For Release 2006/03/ x? QJjE P80RO1731 R003200020018-0 iCcurit; , "I%: '(7r1:1~1 .0si 1j, -accurity Security cons ic.era.tions require that certair::,cc jons infor_ .- tion rnust be kept secret, '.)v t this catCt ory 5.110 .d xV ke't to un abcolute c. In -tic i"e~ercusaions The ;resent interaatio:rnl situation requires that the effect u.,on :VoreiC;a county^ esp iThether allies, neutral or pote.'.tiul ene:..es, shoulc be taken into a ccouat ,rit : rc and to the tir: place of release., and source of any "public striterae: tS ret, 'y+ din- netr Tre,%moi:s, d. Fact and fant4 B~r with respect to fact and Conjecture,, or even vela .~erc.te Fantasy, there is clearly need for a concerted Soveri' ..iental effort to carefull: cal- culate the cue .irability of any departure fro. i fact in the rcloa:;e of srev,,,ons i s'ors:.tion in order to ovc:co :e the inevitable coiffusion a-rhicah :e- sults fror: independent report, denial, inspiration and elaboration by vVwious officials. DIO)C USSIgil i. The fact of Lie_ican. atoi:-ic superiority tuu oubtcCly has deterrent effect on Soviet leaders. '?liet_zcr in: iscy ii. rz;tte stater eats about atonic and other novel weapons produce any ;ort?.t r ale of f ::ct on the Xrer.ilin flay be doubted. Such indisc i:::.mute statements do, ho icver, produce har.;f1c'1 effects in the free world mid i?-:node our effor? s to build a lia lthy inter- national coLmiunity. They :;eahan co at idencc Zrhich Is neec:.cd for recovery. They encouxaf;e neutralis, ! and stir late the to stay out of the 73ast- Uest conflict, They ideatify~ the U.S, crith :rar and. destruction and help Cor: -- nist ppraaa .rnclists to f c:sten the "~sa:'-no zue ~' level on us, b e totalitarian nation like tae USS r:ay; effectively use terror as an instru:_zent o nations l 'policy, rut terror cannot be used of iectively by the U.S. if it desires to retain r:orw.l leadership over the free peoples and build a better world? 'TIC? `7T' ET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 --D 80R01731 R003200020018-0 Sea= it" -Iaiar:^t'ioar Approved For Release 2006/03/1~6,f. AA 80R01731R003200020018-0 Securit~r, Information c. Within the U.S. itself, ill-considered statements about novel weapons may create a false sense of security, make it difficult to get support for conventional forces, lead to expectation of miracles in war and undermine public willingness to face casualties and sacrifice. d. It follows that U.S. statements on novel weapons must be care- fully considered, must be based upon basic U.S. policies, and must take into account the possible and probable effects upon critical world audiences. We, should Vaerefore seek to exercise a deterrent effect on the Kremlin by methods as discreet as possible without involving, our national leaders in a policy of terror. We should also present information on novel weapons in such ways that it will strengthen, not shake, the confidence of the free peoples. THE POLICY BASIS 6. a. Our national objectives, which basic policy guidance must support (1) To build a healthy fret-world community capable of its own defense. (2) To deter the USSR from (a) (b) undertaking general war, undertaking further aggression short of war. (3) To reduce Soviet power. b. More specifically, basic guidance on all armaments must be governed by the tripartite disarmament proposal made before t'he'UN General Assembly. The President's speech on this proposal emphasized: (1) the good faith of our proposal; (2) the inter-dependence of novel-weapons and conventional weapon disarament; (3) our intention to build strength while always continuing actively to seek the reduction of armaments under propor..safeguardo. -3- Security Information TOP SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 TOP S ICRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Secur:~ty Lnformation (4) Responsibility of the Soviet leaders for continued increase in world armcr:ients. It is clear that our statements on novel weapons must be consistent with that proposal. Therefore, all high level statements on novel weapons should hereafter be consistent with. the four points above. Emphasis should be varied by the several media to fit specific target audiences, in accordance with policy guidance to be prepared by the Department of State, 7. Global treatment a. Before public statements are made on novel woe or_s, these questions should be answered. (1) Does the American Congress or public need this information? (2) Will this information really help doter the Kremlin? (3) Will this :information strengthen or weaken the morale of the free world? (4) Are these weapons inportant enough, and is their completion date near en(yugh, to justify a statement? b. High-level statements, as contrasted with media play, have a global audience. The content must therefore either represent a compromise between the requirements of different audience groups, or be chosen with the most critical audience group in mind. The primr.znj audience group is the strategically important, potentially neutralist group: West Ger:any, France, Italy, and the Middle East, Additionally, such statements must be based upon the policies indicated in the President's rec)hiction of arnsrlcnts speech. c. Taking the above factors into consideration, the following, is recommended as interin basic guidance: (1) Er-Zphasize the peaceful purposes of novel inventions, and the uses to which we are putting then, (2) Novel weapons are being developed for defensive purposes; we continue actively to seek ways of reducing armarionts and controlling armament production. -4- ?c curity Infornation TOP SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 TOP SECR',,T Approved For Release 2006/03/17"'CM-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Securtyfornation (3) (4) Novel weapons control and conv&ritiona 1 weapons control nut go hand in hand. Do-enphasize the nass effect of novel woayaons and emphasize the developments in the characteristico of the weapons permitting greater target selectivity. (5) We are for control of novel weapons and against city- boribing in principle, but do not rake statements which amount to a cornitnent not to use strategic A..bonbing or which night give Soviet loaders assuranco of izinulity from strategic attack. (6) Shift the moral blarie to the Soviet loadersl'.i_i_ , for the continued uncontrolled development of strategic novel weapons, (7) Emphasize that manpower inequalities betwoun the free- world and Soviet blocs will be greatly ninirlizod by the devolo1:mont of tactical novel weal ons; and that the free world can, when these weapons become available, oppose with novel weapons Carmunist peripheral (cold war) applications of strength without the need of bring-,in'-', on general war. Note: The above guidance is not to be construed as absolving officials of their responsibility for obtaining security clearance for statements prepared in'conformity thereto. 8. Area Media Treatment Specific areas require special emphasis in media treatment. The basic effects sought are indicated in Tab C. Department of State should prepare detailed guidances to achieve these effects. 5_ Security Information TOP SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 TOP SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17: CIA-RDP80R0l731 R003200020018-0 Security Information 9,. The Reduction of Panic Effect a. Under normal conditions, panic effect is controllable by adherence to the guidance of paragraph 7, In addition, wide ;-ub? icify in optimistic tones should be given to the state of our air defenses. b. When war-crises occur, panic tendencies will probably occur. A guide to treatment at such times is attached as Tab B. 10. Evaluation The systematic revision of basic guidance requires continuous evaluation of the effects abroad of public statel_lents on novel wea;:p:ons, Such evaluation should be undertaken by the Psycholok cr1 Strategy Board. 11. Mechanisn for Novel;-Wea,-~on Guidance a. There are at present nany mechanisms for coordinating the release of information. Nono has, however,, proven adequate for effective guidance and control of public statements on novel weapons. b. Policy guidance should be produced by a mechanism which can take into account the responsibilities of the President and of the heads of the departments and agencies concerned and which may thus assure the effective implementation of approved policy. Such a mechanism, furthermore, should be a continuing medium for timely, constructive policies :lade in on atmosphere of oarefu:L deliberation of all factors involved insofar as pos+ible, rather than merely for meeting emergencies or for censorship, c. Guidance requires ccntinui_~.g revision, to fit: Special cases. Changes in the facts about novel weapons, Changes in security rostrietions. War-crises? Basic changes in U.S. policy. (6) T Mes of novel weapons, A separate guidance for each may become necessary. (7) Deception purposes, Security Information TOP SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/Q u7 Po Qi1a~1 R003200020018-0 ~??_s~i d. There should be constituted a Novel Weapons Information Guidance Committee to be charged with providing the information indicated in sub-paragraph c above, as well as with revising, keeping up to date, and issuing national policy guidance on publicity with respect to novel weapons. This committee should be chaired by a member from the White House Staff and should include members from the Department of State, the Department of Defense, Central. Intelligence Agency, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy, and the Staff of the Psychological Strategy Board, with the latter member acting as Executive Secretary. A representative of the Federal Civil Defense Administration should sit as appropriate with the dommittee for informa- tion of interest to that agency. e. Although individuals on the highest level of government are engaged in operations of world-wide significance the great majority will, because of immediate pressures, desire, or lack of competent advice, usually discuss novel weapons in the context of the impact upon the domestic audience. Statements made for political or budgetary purposes or under the exhilaration of an audience have been and will continue to be the source most of the unfortunate effects on our psychological operations. 0 Practice has shown that few individuals can be expected con- sistently to seek advice from any designated source. No mechanism for clear- ance of public statements ever has been satisfactory. Consequently, it should be the constant charge of the Novel Weapons Information Guidance Committee to remind officials that plans for psychological operations do exist and that their public statements have an important bearing on those plans. By this means it may be possible to prevent harmful statements and to encourage helpful ones. f. Department of State should prepare detailed policy guidance in conformity to the PSB guidance included herein or to be issued hereafter. Soeur .ty Information Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : COM 731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 TQ-1-'- SEC.'; ET Security Information g. High-level statements on novel weapons should ho prepared in conformity to Department of State guidance, It is desirable that the Director of the Psychological Strategy Board be informed in advance of. pending high-level statements. RECOMME 1DAT IONS 12. a, That Tab IAA B. and C be approved for issuance to appropriate departments and agencios. b. That the coordinating mechanism recommended in sub-paragraph 11 d above be approved, organizing action to be undertaken by the PSB staff. c. That the Department of State be assigned the task of preparing Tab B a detailed interim guidance in conformity with Tab A/and Tab C. d. That the members of PSB authorize the Director to conduct an evaluation of the effects abroad of public statements with respect to novel weapons.. using the facilities of the depart- ments and agencies responsible for the conduct of psycholo;_;ical operations. -8- Security Information TOP TOP SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 CRF.T Secur:Lty Information TAB - A Interim Novel a~21 Policy dance._for .IiLft {ve. State Mrits 1. a. Statements and releases on novel weapons should be held to a minimum. Before anything is released, these questions should be answered: (1) Does the American Congress or public need this information? (2) Will this information really help deter the Kremlin? (3) Will this information strengthen or weaken the morale of the free world? (4) Are these weapons important enough, and is their completion date near enough, to Justify a statement? b. High-level statements, as contrasted with media play, have a global audience. The content must therefore either represent a compromise between the requirements of different audience -groups, or be chosen with the most critical audience group in mind. The primary audience r7roup is the strategically important, potentially neutralist group: West Germany, Dance, the p.rLddle East, Italy anc/ Additionally, such statements must be based upon the policies indicated in the President's reduction of armaments speech. c. Taking the above factors into consideration, the following con- stitutes interim basic guidance: (1) Emphasize the peaceful purposes of novel. inventions, and the uses to which we are putting them. (2) Novel weapons are being developed for defensive purposes; we continue actively to seek ways of reducing armaments and controlling armament production. (3) Novel weapons control and conventional weapons control must o hand in hand. (4) De-emphasize the mass effect of novel weapons and emphasize developments in the characteristics of the weapons permitting greater target selectivity. -~9- Security Information SECrXT Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 S:',MET Security Information (5) We are for control of novel weapons and against city-bombing in principle, but do not make statements which (a) euzount to a commitment riot to use strategic A-bombing, or which (b) might give Soviet leaders assurance of immunity fro:i strate,ic attack. (6) Shift the moral blame to the Soviet leadership for the continued uncontrolled development of strrytegic novel weapons. (7) EYnphasize that'manpower inequalities between the free-world and Soviet b,oes will be greatly minimized by the development of tactical novel weapons; and that the free-world can, when these weapons become available, oppose with novel weapons Communist peripheral (cold war) applications of strength without the need of bringing on general war, Note: The above guidance is not to be construed as absolving officials of their responsibility for obtaining; security clearance for statements prepared in conformity thereto. Security Information Approved For Release 2006/03/17: C M - 80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 SrrRET Security Information TAB - B Interim Novel Weapons Pclicvv Guidance - The Reduction of Panic Effect 1. a. The panic effect of statements about novel weapons can be reduced by: (1) Repetition. This can be accomplished. under policy controls by authorizing low-level government officials to make frequent statements, in accordance with national policy guidance. (2) Wide publicity, within security limits, of the tactical uses for novel weapons. (3) Wide publicity, in optimistic tones, of the state of our air defenses? b. The public willlecome accustomed, in nov:,ia]_ periods, to the fact of novel weapons. However, i,ihen crisis events occur where war or peace is in the balance, there will probably be widespread panic tendencies which will have a crippling effect on freedom of policy decision if not controlled. At such times, high-level statements must be ::lade, which: (1) Re-assure about the quality of our air defenses (with secondary deterrent effect on the USSR). (2) Assure that the USSR will attack only military targets. (Thus heightening the moral guilt should they violate, while at the same time reducing panic fear). (3) Assure !%rest European audiences that defense Plans call for the selective uscc of novel. weapons in Fast :Europe, for holding as far to the east as practicable. (4) Statements which vaguely imply (without commitment) that we will bomb only military targets, and will use selective weapons in congested areas. Note: the above guidance is not to be construed as absolving officials of their responsibility for obtaining security clear .nce for statements prepared in conformity thereto. -1 1- Security Information SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 SECRET Security Information TAB - C Interim Novel Weapons Policy Guidance - Area Media Treatment, 1. Soviet Area a. The pril-rary aim is to deter the Soviet leaders from further aggression. Presumably the facts of our atomic superiority arc sufficiently well known to them to provide a serious deterrent. Presumably, too, there are discreet ways to keep them impressed with our superiority without resort- ing to broadside statements which do harm in other parts of the world. b. A secondary aim is to avoid helping the Soviet leaders rally the Soviet peoples for war. Indiscriminate use of novel i,ior-;on information (especially if there is any suggestion of gloating over prospective devastation) may help the Kremlin exact ereater efforts from the people. c. A third aim is to make the Kremlin responsible in the eyes of the Soviet peoples for any calamity which may come upon them. 2. Satellite Peonies a. In general, the satellite peoples want general war as a means to liberation, and consequently show little tendency to neutralism resulting from fear of novel weapons. Hate of the regime submerges their fears. As general War, however, is contrary to our policy, we must not exploit novel weapons toward this area in the context of bringing; general war nearer, b. We should not emphasize novel weapons toward the satellites, except in ways which keep them aware of our growing strength, and particularly of our vast economic superiority. For this purpose, wo shou'_tl emphasize the peaceful uses of atomic energy and the scientific rather than military aspects of other novel weapons. 3. Straterzic Free T,lorld Areas a. These include: (1) The leaders and peoples of strategically important, potentially neutralist areas: Security Information SECRET Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Security Information (a) France, Italy and Western Germany. (b) The Middle East (2) The leaders and peoples of strategic but not potentially neutralist areas: (a) British Empire (b) Turkey (c) The United States (d) Japan 4. Treatment Toward Strata c Free-World Areas a, Toward strategic, potentially neutralist areas and strategic not potentially neutralist areas, the policy problem is similar except in rel- ative importance. In strategic, potentially neutralist areas. the panic, depressant effect of psychological involvement regarding novel weapons could prove a vital factor in causing decisive adverse shifts in the balance of power. Attitudes existing in this area toward the role of novel weapons are probably more vital tc our power position than. in either the Soviet or satellite areas: (1) because these areas are strater ical.ly vital; (2) because they will be the scone of active conflict, and the presumption is therefore that novel weapons will be used there; (3)? because present indications are that this territory will be fought over twice (occupied and liberated). b. The strategic, but not potentially neutralist areas are important.- (1) because the visceral effect upon the leaders of knowledge regarding novel weapons will exacerbate policy differences, and impose strains of decision-making: (2) because the confusion and panic tendencies of the peoples will have distracting policy influence on the leaders. -13 S3ecurity Information Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 SECKOT Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 2ccu'i kjZ zn, or'aation 5. The basic -~clicy "uida ce for both these aa: as is therefore; DE-C'i phasize the nags affect': ravel wea ots, and en;thasiZf- the developnents in the ch~.r .cteristios' of- the w ea- r;nti er ?.ittin; roator t.,rgot se iectivi:t, , be shift the .jorvj'lane to the Soviet leaG?e.?y:Rti.w:3 for the continued uncontrolled devclol ant o:? strate is novel. 1,'CCQOns, c. ;~ahasize that : nnpo: er +aequalities UetA*ecn tY e non-Soviet and. Soviet blocs trill be rectified bj tactical A-weapons and other novel trewpons; and that the free -v:*orld can now oppose with novel weapons Com,- nunist peripheral (cold war) applications of strenGths without the, need of brin[;inw; on ronera,l taax. 6. i on.'6 rato,ic '^:~ic.'~3c rI ~iozss r ~r.rrrw ati.a...r~.vr~iw To::ar Asiatic r tians, we should ai at reducing the effects of the moral Asiatic: ::lz:~itually fin upon us Lr- we .e)'~`':f ` >? ~.; 'S. r; ;s c iL:.11 " statenen is to hr: n rr yeas re,;ar?J.nC, novel be ten stateLznts are required, pass W.e use in ruzrope, a d the lack of strator c turn ets In Asia', c. ~.:tphasi~inr the ;aeaceful uses of atot:.ic ener;y. Note: The a .ove 'uidnncc is not to be construed as absolvinG officials of their: responsibility for obtaining security clearance for staterionts pre+aared in conforriity thereto. -14- Security lrors:a-~3:on Approved For Release 2006/03/17 -P80R01731 R003200020018-0 25X1 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0 Approved For Release 2006/03/17 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003200020018-0