SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT IMSHENNIK, V.S. - IMYANITOV, M.G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000618610008-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 10, 2001
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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DISHENMIK, V.S.; 11~.DEZIIIN, D.K.
Thermodynamic properties of matter at high denvities and
temperatures. Astron. zhur. 42 no.6-1154-1167 YI-D 165.
1. Submitted April 8, 1965.

WYACIPUMS, V.F. (ViOWM)i nUW-,TIKs, V.S* (V48kVg)
Conversion of a ey~tal ."amrWo shock wM In *m Fromorme
of disalPativo OfAmts* Vrlk2* mt* 1 mkb* 29 no*6093-9%
11-D 065, (14M M42)
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L ;Y,1,732-66 EWT(lWWPN)ATO0)/ZP?(n) .2 UN
ACC NR: AT6006749 SOURCt:'CODE: M/313,~;165)1000 60/600il/0066
AUTHOR: Imshennik, V. S.; p1lSeenko, V. r.
ORG:. Institute of Atomic Energy Ia. 1. V.,' Kur'hatov Unstiftt at~ahoy energ:i
TITLE: On the magnei:ohydrodynamic theory of pinch effect 104% &669 high tqim~lra;..
if
ture Plana
SOME: Moscow. Institut atamnay energil. Doklady, XAt-966~,~:196S, K' "kn1.Vjgjtj""_
dimamicheskoy teorikpinch-effekta v vysokotemperaturnoy tnoy;ilazme, 14~6i i
TOPIC TAGS., high teuperature plasma, plasma.pinch:0 plisma 14 i6ch
malMetohydrodynmaics
ABSTRACT: Detailed behavior of a deuteri duwring inch is jtud~ed
by.solving-one-dimewiicnal cylindrically .-magneto. lainicequa, ions
TIm role of diss'lpative processes (electron end ton thMAl !I itivity anik 'via-4'
ccmit*, electrical conductivity and electron-ion collisioni0is 1; occt*rln~
In fully Ionized plausma and the f6mation of shock waves a i4 ; 2is Thi connec-
ti;a between the region near the axis and the;converging shold,c wa is dotal rA*j
an4l themonuclear neutron and soft x-ray output Is com uted The' computatilralso
Lqqd 1/2

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Discusses - possibilAty:, t ovtlcmI~ 4
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Geopbysics
--tie-Ifit6lisity--of an~
-Slectric Field and Their Application, "I M.
-jA7=jt'Dv' ~ Hai cy--Opbys, Oba, -jAmi no"d,
PP
"Zhur T*kh FJLz" Vol So 9
General discussion of tbeoi7 underlying I=tr[L-.
ments usedL to measure field intensityip such &8-:.
"capacitance ccxwxta+.brs," "dynmic electrowrtez*.F~~
"rotary Toltmeters," etc, all of vhieli'arw,
hereinund r "electrostatic generators.
designed an instrument to make test*me
AMO
VM/Pbysics. - Instrments (Contd) Sep 49
b~iv~ sensitivity of 0.01 v/cm per di-
vlsion~, an area of the me"wing platis of 225
sq M, Land a iminiunm imput.resistance of .15
megobms. Submitted 25 Nov 48-
14
ANN_

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IWAITITOV, I. M.
--P
Electric fields in the free atmosphere. Trudy GOO n0-350-11 ' 52.
(IGPA 1221)
(Atmospheric'electricity)
i

INYANITOVI I
Dynamic metboda of measuring weak currents, Trudy OW no,35:42-37
52. (XIU 12 3 1)
(Blectro'metar) (Atmospberic electricity)

WANITOV, L M.
"'rhe Inertia of Apparatus Einployed in the Study of Convective Cloudiness
Moteorol. i Ridrolog&a. No 4. pp 47-48P 1954.
Numerous investigations of convective cloudiness have revealod the
wdetence of nonhomogeneitie3 in the magnitude distribution! of drops#
their concentration, the structure of wind currents and the temper Iature
having magnitudes of the order of 100 meters, and micrononhamogeneities
of the same elements with magnitudes of about 10 meters. In order that
these nonhomogeneities be recorded during observations frozi an airplane
flying with a velocity of 70 m/sec, the inertia of the meas .uring~apparatus
tii-st not exceed 0.1 secondp and inatudies ofmicropulsation~s theAnertia
Must be still sqmnller. Episodic measurements must be conducted not fewer
than 5-10 Mass per second.. and complex measurements of cloud character-
istics must be sufficiently synchronized. (RZhGeol, No 8. 1955)
SO: Sum No 884, 9 Apr 1956

1114WITOV, I.M.
Subject
Card 1/2
Authors
Title
USSR/Meteorology
AID P 260
Pub. Tl-a T/26
Imyanitov, I..M. and Chuveyev, A. Psi,
Masia process of electric charge in.'thundereloudo'
Met I gidr, 4, 34-36, J-11Ag 1955~.:
Results of-studies of h1ghly conveo'tive;thunderelo,uds,
are reported In this article. Research~bn the e3.dctrlc
charge tension In cumulo-nimbus clouds before and'after
glaciation is presented. A table Xistina:verticsi
measurements, time, and tension of the e~loqtric ftel&
in the cloud is given. The authors maintain that it is
possible to determine the criterion of lightning:danger
for areas with radar echo by establishing the cofiziection
between the potential lightning capocity of various
cloud formations and the thickness of the clouds
(particularly in saturated part) and the location of.the
zero isotherm. One Russian reference---~ 1952, 2 American,
1952 and 1953.
Periodical
Abstract

q
1-~ met I g1dr, 4, 34-36, Jl1A9 1955
# Card 2/2 Pub. 71-a - 7/26
InstItution - . None
Submitted ; No date

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IMTANITOV, I.M.; MIKRLTLOVSKATA, V.V.; ZIGANOV. N.P.; STRILITSOVA. M.B.
MMM I Oftew
Instrument for prolonged measurement of the intensity. of an
atmospberic electrical field In complex meteorological
conditions. Izv.AN SSSR. Ser.geeftz. no.9:1121-1127 S '56.
(HLBA 9:12)
1. Glavnaya g"ofizicbestaya observatorlys luenl A.I, Toeykova.
(Atmospberic electricity)

36-58-1/12
AUnM: toy I
TMZ-. Methods of yAsgurin Conftativlty; and Ion Concentratim Graftenterill the
Atmosphere (Metody inAerenlya graftyantoy prowdimosti, i lonnoy kontsentmkoll
V atmosfere)
PUIODICAL: Trudy GlaVUOY geOflzicheskoy observatorli, 3.956., lqr 58, VP 3-T (WO)
ANTRAM: In order to increase tbe accuracy of gradient.i weewmements on
author rvcameu& measuring values at different leveli"wilk initrmimti of
greSter precision. He also offers a new theory for utj31z1r1S differences in
values for 9L'm" altitudes. There are 2 referencesp both Soviet,
AVA11AREE: Library of Congress
C7d 1/1

36-58-2/12
AUMCB: Mayanitov, 1. M. and Kolokolov, V, P.
TME: Investigating the Distribution of Induced and Free Electrical Owpol
on Aircraft Surfaces (issledovaniye respredeleniya infttsirovannogo I,
i3obstvennogo elektricheskogo 7aryada na poverkbuosti'samoleta)
PMIODICAL: Trudy Glavnoy geofizicheskoy observatorii, 1956J. 1qr 58, pp 8-16:.(WSR)
ABMACT: A study of induced and free electrical charges on,sircraft surfac"
has two, purposes: 1) to determine the position and distribution of InstrP.
meats and antennas In Investigating electrical fields in the fr" atmpq*ere
with the aid of aircraft and a study the latter's eledtrieal elwge., and
2) to determine the conditions surrounding coroning at different points on
the surface of an aircraft in order to decrease parasitic effects in radio,
cc-"Mlcatioas by selecting the right type of reoeiving autensas and
dischargers and choosing the correct location for them, The coroning Is.
caused by external electrical fields and the aircraft's own charging.; The
investigation is carried out for aircraft the surface conductivity of 1&-ich
is sufficiently large. Tests have shown that cororAng conditions on a
plane are wholly determined by the latter's design and construction, Even
if antennas and other projecting parts are removed the alTeraft vould still
corone while fly-Ing through clouds,, in landing, and flying close to storm
clouds. The usual dischargers may pat be effective.. since the discharger
Card 1/2

Tnvestigating the Di stribution (Cont.)
instrumental in discharging the aircraft's ovn cWse does wt prevent eoroning
due to the effect of an external field. Meetrostatie interferenees an e,
plane may be eliminated only through a thorough analysis of the effect of the
aircraft's form on coroning conditions, There we 6 figures, 1 table, and
3 references of vhich 2 are Soviet, ana 1 in zn&ush.
AVAILAME: Idbrary of Congress
Card 2/2

SUBJECT USSR PHYSICS CARD 1 / 2 PA - 1421
AUTHOR IMJA1TTOV, 1. M.
-TITLE On the Problem of the Electrification and ConductIvity of Cumulo-
Nimbus Clouds.
PERIODICAL Dokl.kkad.Nauk 10 , faso. It 77-79 (1956)
Issued: 9 / 1;5~ reviewed: 10 / 1956
Measuring of the electric fields of cumulo-nimbus clouds carried out by the
author in an aircraft showed that in altitudes of more than 200 m the electric
fields, and consequently also the charge distribution in the clouds,may remain
nearly constant for several minutes. The condition of cha,rge invariance in a
cumulo-nimbus cloud is: i g-'d- (ig - the current generating the charges, 'd
the dissipation current reducing the charges). In the caie of a considerable
modification of a component it is possible, from measuring field strength, to
draw conclusions with respect tp the amount of the other component. This is best
done immediately after lightning discharges. Field strength was measured by means
of an electrostatic fluxmeter.
Two kinds of charges were observed. Electric field strength increases or dimin-
ishes after discharges of the first (type A) or second kind (type B) respectively.
If a. cumulo-nimbuo cloud is considered to be an immense electric dipole (positive
charge above, negative charge below), the discharge type A may be explained by a
modification of the electrical structure of the cloud. After a lightning dis-
charge the cloud receives an "excess charge", but the field of this charge is not
reduced as rapidly as the field of the dipole, and consequently the field in-

Dokl;Akad.Nauk, I.Q2, fasc.1, 77-79 (1956) CARD 2 / 2 PA - 1421
creases at a certain distance of the cloud after the lightning discharge, The
decrease of the field after the discharge is thus to be ascribed to the
dissipation of this excess charge.
Discharges of the type B are due to a reduction and following~restoration of
the magnetic moment (or of the charge) of the clouds. The velocity of restoration
here depends on the amperage on the occasion of the generation of charges and on
the velocity of their spatial distribution. In both cases the restoration curves
have a marked exponential character. The average time of relaxation amounted to
- 4,9 and 7,2 see respectively on the occasion of discharges of the types A and
B in the case of thunderstorms in the Caucasus and on a plain respectively.
More than 50 result in a relative modification A E/E of field strengWby more
thart 0,4. Here A E denotes the modification of field strength and E the field
strength before the lightning discharge. Modifications of field strength,depend
essentially on the modification & Q of the dipole charges.
The data obtained here show that conductivity in cumulo-nimbus clouds plays an
important part on the occasion.of the delivery of the necessary charge to the
channel of the lightning discharge. The generation of charges in the cloud is
probably due to the elementary processes of electrification which depend on
field strengthv because the charge diminishes exponentially in the cloud.
INSTITUTION: Principal Geophysical Laboratory "A.V.VOEJKOV"

ILJ7
call Xr: AF 1154942
'AUTHOR: Imyanitov.
TITLE: Instruments and Methods for Investigating Atmospheric
Electricity (Pribory i metody dlya izueheniya e1ek-
trIchestva atmosfery)
FUB.DATA: Gosudaratvennoye izdatellstvo tekhniko-teoreticheakoy
literatury, Moscow, 1957, 483 pp., 3,000 copies.
ORIG.AGBNCY: None
EDITOR: Starokadomskaya, Ye.L., Tech.9d.t Akhlamov, S.N.
PURPOSE: This monograph is intended both for persons directly
concerned with atmospheric electricity measures4ent6,
and for researchers in scientific and.technIcal fields
involving electrostatic measurements~ measurements.of
low currents, and related topics.
Card 1/15

Call Nr: *1154942
Instruments and Methods for Investigating Atmospheric (Cont.)
COVERAGE: Description is given of various aspects of atmospheric
electricity which were subjected to measurements,
special stress being given to measurements which up
to now had been rarely described, such as those of
field strength, of vertical currents, of atmospheric
conduction, and so forth. Makhotkin, L.G., Is men-
tioned as author of Chapte 2 of the volume. The
book deals with some Russi ontributions. These are
referred to in the list of 4eferences. There are 613
references, 124 of which are USSR.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
Ch. I. Mechanical Electrometers
1. Methods of measuring low currents and voltages
created by low-powered sources
(a) Current measured by voltage drop
(-o) Currents measured by capacitator potential
T-10
11-49
11
12
14
Card 2/J&

SOVI 112-59 -1-606
Translation from; Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhnika, 1959, Nr 1, p 80 (USSR)
AUTHOR, Imyanitov, I. M., and Chuvayev, A. P.
TITLE: Results of an Investigation of Electric Phenomena In Thunderclouds
PERIODICAL: V sb. - Issled. oblakov, osadkov i grozovogo elsktrichestva-~. L.
Gid-rometeoizdat, 1957, pp 13-16
ABSTRACT: Investigations of meteorological conditions that accompany the
accumulation of charges in clouds carried out with specially equipped aircraft
have shown that neither the vertical thicknes's of the cloudi nor its water
content, nor the velocity of vertical streams in it can bring:about charges and
fields high enough to cause lightning. It has been noted that~ the electric field
strength in the convective clouds grows after the appearance of the ice phase
in them. Introducing ice crystals into the cloud has resulted in a rapid'field
build -up in 5-20 min and lightnings in ZO-45 min. The time; of field rec;overy
after a lightning stroke has been about 5 a ec which can be explained only by', the
phenomena associated with water -ice phase transitiona.
S.V.S.
Card 1 / I

69$22
SOV/169-59-2-1699
Tranislation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Geofizika, 1959, Nr.2, pp 107 - 108 (ttSSRI
~.S-n
AUTHOR: Imyanitov, I.M.
TITUE: Methods and Devices for Investigating the"Electrioity of_.q1ouds and
Precipitations
PERIODICAL V sb.: issled. oblakov, osadkov I grozovogo elektrichestva. Leninkrad.,
Gidrometeoizdat, 1957, pp 159--w 163
ABSTRACT: The measuring of the elements of the atmospheric elec~rioity near~*the;
earth's surface does not yield the true values of thequantities when
investigating the electricity of clouds and precipitations. The meaware-
ments show that the droplets can change not only~the magnitude but also
the sign of their charge, when falling from the cloud:to the earth. Charged
flelds of lose than 20 v/cm do not occur under tbunderous clouds in ~Ititudes
of 200 ;m, while the intensity of the f leld under thunderous clouds at the
earth's level does not exceed 100 Vom. Therefore, avolume charge of an
average density not less than 3 electrostatic units/0 Is generated during
thunderstorms in the layer from 0 to 200 m. An electrostatic aircraft
fluxmeter and an airoraft device for measuring the charges of the'precipit&-
Card. 1/2 tion particles are developed for measurements undistorted by the effect of

69S22
S071169-59-2-1699
Methods and Devices for Investigating the Electricity of Clouds and Precipitations
Me tt
~the earth's surface. The measurements of the electric atmospherio~fleld and the charge
of the aircraft proper can be carried out by means of the flumeter. The maLtIMUM
sensitivity amounts to 15 V/cm ov&r the entire. scale. The *ertneiss is 25 maec.
Precipitation charges from 5 - 10- to 1.5 - 10-1 electrostatic units can be mea-sured
by -%e induction device in cases when the concentration of particles amounts to 104-M-3.
by

53-lb-IM18
AUTHOR MAN .1 1. X.
ITOV
TITLE Measuring of the Electrostatic Field St;rengths in tae
Upper Strata of the Terrestrial Atmospb~ere.
(Izmerenlye elektrostaticheakikh,pioley Y' verkbril4h
sloyakh zennoy atmoafery.- Russiw~)
PERIODICAL Uspekhi ?1zi Nauk 1957, Vol 639 1i 1bq 267-282 (USi R)
ABSTRACT ~By means of artifical earth satellitealhedistrOution
of the s;eotrio field strength around the entire earth
as *all as-the height distrib-~tion and:~the modificlatip'n
wi-th-reageat to time of these field strengths canibe do-
termined. It is essential to measore the field strengths
and the space charges f ormea by,t~a particles whiola lave
penetrated into the'earth atmosphere at,:heights ok. ftoyt
80 to 500 and even at heights of:;'-~IWO km. The
hioer
!
the satellite flies the more! valuable:are its measuring
results. The use of artifici aI satalli.~es f or thise
measurements makes it necessary folwot~ out a special
method and apparatus. The present'pap&T discusses the
peculiarities of the measuremento of the electrostatic
~
field in the upper strata of thelatmos
phere and the
method used for the construction'of sai appe-ratus:suited
CAn 1/5 - for such measurements.

-CARD 2/S
of an insulated body. The baste co6ceptions.necessary for
these measurements have already.beein diieussed inia
previous paper by the author. The following main.~iffi-
an;
oulties arise: The apparatus itself o Aa,6 a oer-taiji
electrostatic potential which is superim~posed to the
field to be measured. The occurrence of'alconduotin
body in the field oauses looal distorti6ns of the'field
to,be measured. The influence exereised~by these 4sturb-
ing factors on. measuring results M49t be eliminated.
'.By measuring the field~strel -the body
ngih at ~~ two Points of
the.' field strength in the atmosj~he;re and the charge 4;
of,the 'body oan be measuredl the corresponding formulae
ari'written down. Similar deliberationsiapply also:to the
determination of the charge of the'body~~ For the de'terd.
mination of the vector of theLelgetrostitio field~lia epaos
the field strength at four points.6f the body must'be
known..Buch measurements, however,~are not very exactq
but when taking into account the ele-otr.oBiatio neiltrall
lines, the fieldstrength need be ml~asurdd only at,two
points of the body. Only one of the components.of the
Measuring of the Electrostatic rield Strengthe-in-~he.
Upper Strata of the Terrestrial Atmosphere..
53-lb-;IA-/18

Measuring of the Electrostatic Field Strengths In the
Upper Strata of the Terrestrial Atmosphere. - -
.53-lb-18/18
fieldstrenath vector has then to be moaqured. In the
case of an orientated satellite th(b desired componeat~.
of the fieldstrongtb .)an be sele(tk1d) e9g. the vertical
one. In the case of a not orienta',**1ed "tallits the:
component,of the fieldstrength iolmeasured in the
.system of,coordinatea ol6sely oonraoted:!;w:Lth.the system
of - coordinates.
the DogX is iopa-tea in a -piasmft: measuring
i.method hitRertoidesoribed is *ppUc.&bl* ouly if tho
effect exercised by the,body on the distribution Of the
oharge s in. the surrounding medi,= may be negleote,do
These. conditionso; however, prevail: ejr&IYL ia th,% lower
atmospbria strata,~.but never in that case in which the'
-body is located in the ionosphere. Porrit:rapidly-fl 1
ying
satellite charges can be induced b~ a magnetic field,
The author here investigates the ohsrge~of a bo4
locited in a plasma by the &ppli0jtjo%j;L6f
the usual
CARD 315 conceptions of LAIGNUIRIS probe 4hoory and deterikaes

Measuring of the 319atrostatli Field Stror-gtha in Ttrie
Upper Strata of the TerrestriaL
formula# for the potential of tho $'&tellite. The P~tenli-
tial of thq satellite and the fie'41.ketraiLath on its;~Tfalls
is influenced relatively only slightly ljy' ite !act 11 Oill.'Also
the thickness of the pertu7.,ted stratum oan ba determl-ned
by means of a f ormula by LINGIAUIR ("5 ,~-Iswl ). Tte~rasultq
obtained here can sven be given vi$es inuoh great$r,
precision if together with theas inasurements, &I .:'a, 0 theL
spectrum of the ion mass is me&sured.
of its performance in a coud%i-timz melLim. Becaua-e ofithe
';ery difficult oondittton-:54' -d=ing the flight of t~4 se.t*elli-
te a special device has to be construo ted. L The a~ihor~'here
of theae ~evi'4a which ai~: 6
describes the 6peration. 041 dolatined
for measurements carried out in the lotosphere. IT~o a ;OBtL
important part of these devices io "re0eiving el*6tr6dell
which has to be located in the f ield 0 be measum'sdo 2he
following problems are discussed in detailz the lueuce
exercised by the creeping current on the current floviing
on the'satellite casing, the densite distribution ofLthe
space charge over the operation of the device. In con-
4/5

Measuring of the Electrostatic Field Strsngtha in tho
upper Strata of the Terrestrial Atmosphere.._
53-1b-18 /18
elusion the fundamental scheme of this apparatus Is.des'-
cribed. The donor and the amplifier are Knoussed 1-4
detail.
(With 6Illustrations and Tables)
A330CIATION: not given,
PRESOTED BY:
SUMITTID:
AVAIUBLI: Library of Congress.
CMM, 5/5

MANITOT. Ijj(.~.KULIKO,X.Nq; CHUTAYVp A.Pe
hwsstUpLtl~x 9f thunderstorm zones In the southern reeams of
Baropean Rwila and 2ftnsopucasla~' Tftdy M 00,6793-12 '1570'
(Thunderstorm) (mm nso

D(TAKITOV 1.16; KULIX, M,M*; CHUVATIV, A*P*
Preliminary data on axperimats designed for tho c=trol of de"3.010-
mat -wd change of the electric state of massive comeotion, clamis
in the saithern region@ of Alaropean Passla and Tranacawasldl~
GW no;67.-33-58 157; (MM IU4
(Clouds) (Veather control)

TOM:007t A.I,-LJffAAWmL l*X*; XULIK, Kom*; CWTAYN, A.?$
7easibillty of mde-pasaW of airpbose through thumAerstom mmles,
Tro4 WO xo;6?sl3LJs-1= 11*.1 . (KM IIA)
(2himbretorms) (ftdar in Mromutlos)

WANITOV, I.M.; CRUVAYAT, A.P.
,M.Cwlf~-!
On baste processes Uading to elsetric dwge gene"I"oaIta th""r-
clouds. U-ndy OW no;6?tIL21-128 057 (KM& Us4)
(Atmospherle eleo;rieity) -(C;lmAg)

3OV/120-58-2-21/37
AfJTHOR;3:Imyanitov. I. M. and Mikhaylovskaya., V. V.
TITLE; !~~Aerop ~~ne~strument for Ueasuring~ the Charges 'on
Precipitation Particles (Samoletnyy pribor dlya izmereniya
zaryadov chastits osadkov)
PERIODICAL: Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 19581. Nr 2V p ,P 86-91
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: In order to explain the mechanism of electrification of
clouds and the production of electrostatic fields in the,
atmosphere it is necessary to know the oharges on precipi-
tation particles. Measurements of such charges near the ~
Earth's surface do not yield the true values which obtain
in clouds since these charges change as the particlestall
towards the Earth's surface. It is therefore necessary to
measure these charges in the clouds, or under the clouds.~
In the Dresent paper an induction device'is describe&.::ThP,
instrument consists essentially of two rings (Fig.2),,~Thf4
are placed at such a distance that drops,which come in~,o
contact with the first ring either do not pass through~
the second one or induce a pulse in the second ring which~
is different in form from that induced in the first ring.
This arrangement separates out all the drops inhich have
Card 1/3

SOV120-58-2-21/37
An Aeroplane Instrument for Measuring the Charges on Precipitation
Particles.
not been affected by the apparatus. In~order to screen the
two rings from the effects of external fields -the ritW.,s .
are placed inside agrounded' metallic conical screen.~The
circuit which detec4;s and amplifies the signal induced by
the charged drops in the ring system is shown in Fig.3.
The electronic circuit consists of a preamplifier and a
f our- tube - main amplif ier.IThe latter is a 'three-stage
circuit with a transformer output. With a maximum signal.
at the input, the circuit delivers 100 mamp through a,
load of 2.4 ohms-at the outpup. The instrument measures:
charges in the ranp �5.x 10-**t to -i-1.0 CGSE. It may be
used from an aeroplane in cases wh7ere particle concentra~
tion is less than 10-3cm-3. It can work in the temperature
range -300 to +250 and in 100% humidity:withailt changes in
Card 2/3

301[/'L20- 58-2-2 1/37
An Aeroplane Instrument for Measurin,- the Charges an Precipitation
Particles.
its parameters. There are 6 figures, noltables and 5 refer-
ences, 2 of which are English and the rest Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Glavnaya. geofizicheskaya observatuoriya (Main
Geophysical Observatory)
SUBMITTED: January 21, 195?.
Card 3/3
1. Clouds--Electrical properties
3. Electric fields-Measurement

AUTHOR: Imvanitov, I. M. SOT/20-121-1-25/55
TITLE: On the Mechanism of Electrostatic Charging (Nvoprosu o
mekhanizme elektrostaticheskogo zaryazheniya)
PERIODICALs Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol. 121, Nr 1, pp.,93-96
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The electrification in a flow in general depends on the con-
centration of the pushing particles, on their kinetic energy,
the material of the two colliding particles, and on the con-
ditions prevailing in the separation of the particles from
the charging body. Until now no theory existed to explain the
observed effects. The present paper gives a simple qualitative
explanation of these phenomena. A flow consisting of small un-
charged particles is assumed to approach a body. The contact
of any particle P with the body T in the moment when the parti-
cle strips from the body is assumed to take place on a plane
surface with the area S; the body is supposed to be uncharged.
The work function of an electron issuing from the body is'as-
sumed to be V eV, that of an electron issaing from the particle
Card 1/3 is V2 eV. A sphere with the radius R can in this process be

On the Mechanism of Electrostatic Charging
Card 2/3
SOV/20-121-1-25/55?
charged up to the potential V - V kR/d. On this occasion holds
Vk W V2-V 1_U 1_U2; where u1and/or u 2 denote the potential drop
inside the body and/or the particle in the place of contact.
U1 and u2 are determined by the depth of penetration of the
fields into the body; they depend on the concentration of the
carriers in the corresponding bodies.~d denotes a certain
mean distance between the particle and the body in the momsnt
of stripping. In the case of poor conductors d varies within
the limits of 10-6 and 10-7 cm. If a certai-n potential dif-
ference occurs between body and particle because of a oontact,
the body can be charged up to considerable potentials (e.g..
a sphere of 1 m diameter unto 10 a- 109.V, a sphbre of I cm
diameter unto 10 6_107 V). In an analogous w ay an insulated
body can be charged up if during melting drops of the material,
which transforms into the liquid phase, eeparate from the body.
Another deduction of the equation given above is outlined. The
highest attainable potential depends on the active distance d
during the stripping of the particles, and d depends on the
velocity of stripping. The described process can also occur in

On the Mechanism of Blectrostatic Charging S07120-121-1-25155
some industrial methods, which are connected with spraying
of substances, and in the electrification of Particles in
thunderstorm clouds. There are 6 references, 3 of which are
Soviet.
PRESENTEDs January 25, 1958, by A. F. Ioffep Member, Academy of' Sciencest
USSR
SUBMITTZDt January 16, 1958
1. Iloctromtatic genwatiorp-Tboory 2. Work functions

-St.
all
j A j P!4 'A i 4 1 4

INYANITOV, I.M.; 5 S. Ta.M.
Abatoment of interference currents occurring at theinput of an
electrostatic fluzmeter operated In a conductlDg medium. Iek,.sput,
sem. no.3:77-83 '59. (MRA 12:12)
(Artificial satellitas) (Blectric measurements)

Pon I BOK SOVAN6
001/2-5-97
lanUgrad. Glawns" geoftsichawkwas obserratorlys
Vopiesy stmoefey. mg, eloktricbestwa (Problem In Atmelherie Blectricity)
lealwavd., 01droseteois"t,, 1960. 115 P. (Borten: Its: Trudyp T". 97)
firrats, slip InsertAid, lp000 copies pdnted*
8pormoring Agency: IMM. QlwMs upmlenXye g1dromteorologicbemboy slushby.
9d. (Title VW) z 1.14. MeWanitavp Candidate' of Physics and liatbamtIcs;
Ed. (Inside book): T.V. Usbakaws; Tech, 2d.: N.V, Volkow,
MMM: T his publication is intended for astoorologists and scientists concerned
idth the problem of atmospheric electricity* The book can Llso be used by
iMadnate students tat bydromteorological institutes ad by university students
otudying physics of the atimphere.
COMM This lomw of the Transactions of the Min Geophysleal Observatory
I.m. A.1. Voyeykov. contains vorkm m problem In atowpheric electricity
irritten from 1954 to 190. IndIvidwa articles Mal vith the electrical ghemmus
associateA vith thunderstormj, clouds, rains., and fogs. Observationsl. techniques
Card 1/4

Problemis in Atwspberic Electricity OW14316
and Imtrunents used we described. No peroandUties am mutioned. References
MccompaxV IndIviftal articles.
?AMR W C~!S:
I==Lt-O_TA_IjL Chmages In the Atumpheric 2200trICKI,
Field Darin Solar NeUpGon 3
7MW,=1tMs, IJ4 Use Of Data, an UO Blectrical Plelds In ftick
CVMNLIU Md X12LUS CIM& by Alrezutt to Avold ftova Am" 5
>hw=ItOv# IXv and T.T. of Cbwvs
of Iftelpitation Particles In the Fm Atwepbere 16
14bodlat TsVe Nwe RenIts of the Inveatiotion of the BlectrIcal,
7102A AM OCOUS 34
Leckv BF, Diurma Variation of the Number of Thunder Dimeharess 39
Kolakolov,, -T.P., and KA. Sawnw. YASSOMMUt Of RGIU ChWpa In
Y"wykaro In 19% 43
Card 214

Pftblem in AtwspMr:Lc nectrialty WT/4316
Hatbotkln,, L.G. Cbmaps 131 the Obarps of DmVbts During
48
MWdwWnj, LeG,j, maA VeAo Solawtm. Ueetrical Cbwps of
Dmmlets In Fqp and Claaft 51
MWdmftk:inp LG* @ad TA, 8o2aw9M. KWatrical Cbmwtorlettes
at +Jw AtmwpMrs Dering Fop 63:
lurgin,, AJI, Innstliptlan of Componsato of Urbleal 22eetrie
Curmat to the Ground 87
T~tp lb, 7,.o and NJ, SeMr, On the Mmary or an Blimt=wt&tlc
97,
71UMvp A. lb. Imstlostlon at a Gelvemic Bath fbr FAWk9l
lbaswexents In the Re"mch an Atmm*aria Mactrielty 1.01'
Card 3A

0"-0l
90T
Ifolt
wsax9mg jo Lmqn
Vm C#4Mqcn zTma 4n 9uWoovW oaaqdocmpy
am UT gm wpm vn,4*n j0 MTMT.49,m @Irv 1=20U
inem iwT^wm awaRdemn sw~ so *4=Tpoao Topurm an
J,7 SUTpnMq VOUT[d"S OUTnUft OJOY Vft I*RX *V 6AGUITU
grrc*/mw ATOTm4am OT-2sqsmy UT OwTqwd

IMUNITOT. 1.K., kxnd.fizikD-Mtemmtich9skIkh mauk
----------
Notes on the observation of the length of a lightning flash.
Priroda 49 no-7:210 JI 160, (Kft 13:7)
1. Glavnsya geofisicheskaya observatorlys, Tweningred.

80054
B/P20/6P/132/01/27/064
a 9 OVO
B014/BO14
.2
AUTHORS: layanitov, I.M., ~hubarina, Ye.V.
TITLE.-, The Structure of the Electrostatic FielAin oa Atmosphere
According to Data ObtiLined by Investigations During the
International Geophysical Year
PERIODICAL: Doklaky Akademii nauk -SSSR9 1960, Vol. 132, No. 1,~pp. 1'04-107
TEXT: By way of introduction, the authors refer to the model of a "spherical
condenser" which is used to describe the electrostatic field ofthe atmosphere.
The-hypotheses of this theory are discussed, and it is noted that the reasonable-
ness of these hypotheses must be verified by studying the course of the field
with rising altitude. The electrio field of the atmosphere was probed by means
of an LI-2 airplane over Leningrad, Kiyev, and Tashkent.'The potential of
severiLl points Was calculated by integrating the experimentally:determined
ourve E - f(H) (Z denotes the potential of the aleotrostatic field, and H is
the altitude). It is shown that about 66 per cent of the total resistance is
contained in the layers between 0 and 6 km. Evaluation of the results of measure-
.ment indicates that the monotone coursa of field strength is partly disturbed
Card 1/3

800.54
The Structure of the Electrostatic Field in the Free 3/020J60/132/01/27/06
Atmosphere According to Data Obtained by Investigations DOWBO14
During the International Geophysical Year
(even in fair weather)t and that the most frequent value of the potsntial~;Was:
unexpectedly low at an altitude of 6 ka. The variations at the:,three above-
mentioned points were not uniform. Besides, the potential.maximum was shifted
relative to the altitude. These results did not confirm the applicability ~ of
the model of a "spherical condenser". These results can be interpreted only by
means of the model of a charged sphere which is enveloped by a space charge.,
Next, the motions of the space charge are discussed, and the globe is divided
into three regionst in the first of which the space charge is generated and the
profile of the electric field is completely disturbed. IiIhe second region,.
the monotone variation in the electric field strength relative to the altitude
is disturbed by introducing charge from the first region. In the third regiont
there is only a small space charge which has no considerable effect on the field
at the surface of the Earth. There, unitary variations in,the:electric fieldcccur
which are also observable at certain altitudes in regions~where the monotone
variation in the electric field strength is disturbed by,introducing charge.
The behavior of the atmospheric space charge, its developmentl propagation$ and
distribution should be further studied. There are 4 figures, I table, and:9
Card 2/3

80054
The Structure of the Electrostatio Field in the Free S/1920/66/132/01/271/061
Atmosphere According to Data Obtained by Investigations B0.14/BO14
During the International Geophysical Year
referionces, 5 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCT.kTIONs Glaynays geofizichookaya observatoriya is. A. 1, Voy eykoy& (ff ain'I
Geophysical Observatory imeni Ao 1. Voyeykov)i
PRESEPTEDs January 3, 1960, by A. F. Ioffe, Academician
SUBMITTEDs December 29, 1959

S/057/62/032/006/018/022
BIOS/B102
40, 49
AUrHOHSs Imyanitovo I. M., and Starovoytov, A. T.
-----------
TITLEs Some problems in the theory of electrostatic charging of
bodies exposed to currents
PERIODICALs Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki, Y. 32, no. 6, 1962t 759 - 765
TEXTs The charging of a sphere in a uniform current of particles is
examined. Conductivity of the medium and corona currents are taken into
account. It is shown that the contact potential mechanism of oharging in
a particle stream is suitable for explaining the observ ed high values of
potential. Estimates of the parameters that occur in field.conditionst
when an airplane flies through a cloud, made it possible to estimate the
4 _ 165 F
equilibrium charge on a sphere of 1 m radiuss 10 S'U. This value
agrees in order of magnitude with that measured on-an airplane. This,in
because the cross aections of both are of the same order of,magnitudeo~
There are 3 figurea.
~'a_z J4

8/053/62/076/004/001/004
B102/BI04'
AUTHORS: Imyanitov, I. M., Shifrin, K. S.
TITLE: Contemporary state of research in atmospheric electricity
PERIODICAL; Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, v- 76p no. 4. 1962, 593 - 642
TEXT: The main problems of atmospheric olootricity are revi*wed. In:
particular, the paper discusses the work of Ya. I. Frenkel'.4:on fundamentally
problems in geophysics, including atmospheric electricity. iThe literaturei
of the"last ten years is reviewed; reference is made also to earli,er papers
of importance. There are 33 figures and 7 tables*
Card 1/1

h5106
AO52/A1O1
AUTHORSt Imyanitov, I, M.0 L'oboding T. Ve
----------
TITLE t I.nvestigation.of tho' olectrio-.0truoture of showe,r-o and thtlmder-
clouds
40TJRQF~ i Leningrad.. Glavnm~ja'geofizicheskaya 6beerviatoriya. Trudy.
no. i36t 1962., Itmosternoys elektricheetvdo 3 20
TEXT& The results of more, th"!A, hundre~t'meisureoents of electrio
field distribution neaj~ peake.of and;tinderneath ehow~i- a4d thunderclouds
are -'discussed. The -investigation aA:iod:_'o'n the one' h4nd at aolleotinit da Ita
about the electric ~ structure. of sh6wer-,7and,' thunderoloudi ~ and I on the
other hand, at obtaining material nece ,sisary for refining the methods of
these measurements. It,wa'e,carrieA-out.by meanx of aircraft in the Tar-
eastern regions. during! August -September' 1959' by the 'State-Scientifio-
Research Institute 6f.Civil Aviation in'oooperation with the Main Geophy-
sical Obse*rvatory Im. A.:I. Voyoykov, Central Aerold.gioaX Observatory and
Central Institute of Weather- 1~orecgets. 'Oompared with the other principal
Card 1/3

3/53y62/000/136/001/007
Anvestigation of the electric structure A052 AJOI
methods of studying the electric.mac -rostrubture of shbwer-:and thunder-
olouds, the aircraft. method$. while'. maintaining their positive features,
eliminates many of, their: ahoPtoo.minge, in aircraft f lying'at a high
apeed enables to make measurements in' a''time. much shoiter than that noces-
y a.surements near the
tsar for.the,ddvolopment of a .cloud, Coniecutive'mi
aame~oloud ertablo one to determine the transformation of its electric
structure A spocial equipment can,be instilled on board-aireraft, per-
n or the distortions of me sured'fields caused
Itting the full allowance f a i
i
the.airoraft. By making ~sveral flights at different distances from a
.131oud or bi'making measurements,-by-ms,ans: of *several p~anes,at a time, the
diSficulties -facod at ground,.:Mia,euremenis ii determining the magnitude and
distribution of nain. charges of, a oloud can, be overcome. By measuring
Aom, an aircraft the, changes: of the f ield~ a (caneoted with lightning
strikes and ~ f 61low.ing at 1 the. same, time the aloudt the' tran6f ormation of
its eleotrio~,efril6ture can.be. s.tudied..in detail., The application of planes
enables one. to-6iiminate ~ di i3 tort ions 'introduo ed by the surface free char-
gee' and alao.a. oonsiderable-n"ber of olouds can be investigated in a
rel;tively short' period of time* Another important advantage of the-air-
--,Card 2/3,

B/53IJ62/000/136/001/607
Inveitigation of. the'sloot-ric st.ruoturoeio AO52/AiOI
oraft I me-thod I's the' p.oe.SA,Ib-ility of bbteifibigIfiyn6hronous data~relating-,
b6th to the. toopgrlaphy., of."*oloude "and -to -the aerological characteristics of
.atmosphere'by deans ~of radar~~.&Irborine metooFographe and other devices.'
The application of high~*Ititude. high-4peed planes like TY -J04 (TU-104)
widens the potentialities 9f'the',aircraft biethod and gives better: results
than -those obtained by'" transport plsinos, like XH4 (L1-2.) and HA --:14
(11,W. On the othe 'r'hand-the!airor~aft measurements d.~,not provide
.reliable- informatidn.ozi't'h'e'.-7!eaoo'-truotu're" of electric charges, and probab-
W
ly,only a combination. of. .-. ai.roraft' sAd, sPiulding methods will enable one to
"a medostruature', of thund4ro
study"- both ro and loudso The airborne equip-
ment for measuring the field intensity ig*desollibedi the field inteinsity'
pickup ib Adjusted 90. .,that the field producedby the plane's own charge-
will, not affect the indio4tions of -the devioe, . The investigation has
sho*wn't6ittlouds in-56% Pases oarry a obn IsideriLble excess charge of about
2 ooulom.b. This oharge'is located '6 - 7 km obove the earth surfaoe and
the "mirror" effect (.the opposi -te_chargea of raindrops and the surface
field) pay he ascribed to the a*otion of this charge. The polarized clouds
obtierved are charged to 60%* posi.tively and to 40% negativelyd There are
9 figures and 4 Wiles&
Card 3/3

451.o7,
s/531/62/600/436/002/00T
A052/A101
AUT11ORSt Imyanitov, 1. M., Chubarina', Yq. V.
TITLE. Electric structure of lower:unrainy stratjfi~d clouds
SCARICE t Leningrad. Glavnaya goofizicheskaya obeerva4ioriyd' 0
110. 136p 1962. Atiaosfernoyo elaktricheotvo, 121
TEXTt The electric structure of stratified clouds' and bumuli~ is ila-~-
vestigated. It is pointed out that thiu.problem,'. ,in O~i to 6f ~ it-4 iz~ora-
tance, has found no adequate treatment in the ~literatur'e:. - The know,1040~-.
of' the electric structure of stratified clouds is impbitant,'boosmae.in;
these clouds the electrification processes connected with the. precipititi:ok'O,
of' air ion's on water drops and the processes. Of the, charge separation
in clouds under action of the gravity force appear in the - piiie at' form i~
It is also important for d6termining the ways,of the charge addumulatioi,
in the first stage of the development of. thunderoloude~,, of. ihe
The stid)
transformation of the electric 'structure may Ialec,:Play.~n ousontial Apxt
in evaluating the effactiveness of the cloud'oontrol. ~'An6 at last 'it is
CE,xd 1/4

S/534j62/000/136/()02j007.-.:.
Electric structure of lower
A0.52/A101
necessary for working out better methods to Prevent.tfio'eleotrostatia
hE.zard for the aircraft. First of all it -is'esse'atial-1o determ-ine the
electric macrocharacteristice of oloudst that is the, distribution of ri4o
charges and electric field intensity and their valueso In 1958 - 1959
during the International Geophysical Year and Inteinationkil-Geophysical
Cooperation systematic vertical sounding of the elsotri 'o,field intensity
from an aircraft were carried out in USSR. Esipania3lyii~-Lbe-cou'rs'4i"of this
investigation data relating to the electrio structure. of lo*er-unrain'
stratified clouds were 6btained. The investigation has revealed a relative
constancy of the field, in the horizontal plane I* so: 916otrics4ly ~be clouds
ce~n be considered as infinite charged layers in whioh~all_ changes of
EJ elds and charges depend on the vertical coordinate. This, f act. makes
il-,e vertical sounding from an aircraft superior to' other. methoIds,of verti-.
ce.1 sounding. Altogether 54 stratified and 192 stratifted-~umulus clouds,
were investigated whichl from the viewpoint of eleotri6 stru*turef gau 69,
reduced to four principal typest 1) Positively polLarite'd wi~h'an ex *osiv
pcsitive charge, 2) negatively polarized with an exoe$6 positive ohargel'
3) unipolar positively charged, 4) unipolar negatively charg-ed. In s
qe.rd 2/4

8/531jW000/06/002/007
4 .1. po tria strue.tvie Of A052/AiOl
46' the. fielt, fa~ensity jn thin middle.part of-s. cloud can be d
gerteral ra s
Miid liy, Abe'~`" _M' ''B" 1`~ (i 4 'a .(s h)g ~ where a) b and c
a .V11'.009frIolght's 'j, 2 is Alw, doo'kiiiii- from the~,baae'of the oloud
i
tbi ~holjrht in',Ahi the maximum fibld intensity is
s I,
..M
6 6f. clouds the average field
1*61191ty- PCIA04011 60~ its m'mimum value increasess
0
--The Iree -a 'A AciaiWit IrAspendent of the thickness of clouds
en
4a,h"-.''.. -A-o- 4qfiAs*' as- the thickness deoteaaes.
'VhO MAUQrs VA~.Ah#~~ti- elp aoti:dn.of &.number of peculiarities
P_ did., I
Aiikt~ifieC.OIoUOs,* -~ Howevert this theory
asmat. - prblitgia -an ..etjpI tiiditi Riii, si h - f Re to: tkat - in. I 0~ oases a positive
joIqris&Uqn-.' A tivia' 'Ciiia or -that in 10 cases the field
'Posit' erthe i
Mvi (I 31oud a negative cne.
ab
SOU .ii.6-r - ih*,~,J,6,tent .i"': diff r'
16'. -iii-6 "U4 &at--..th4 41 once between the upper
WA 04" X to, in:. 46, i=ber of, cases comparable
vith 6j6W'n'-iA cUir weatherg sometimes
*"'I -web'' ompara, 9.
bli itboolute value but an oppo-
w1i it ned'
4" 76ii 'may, U xplai by assuming-thatIn certain cases
3/4

AMHORS
TIT IZ,::
PERIODICAL:
W e89
.131169 62Y30'6/012/046/09.5
D228YD307
Imyanitov, and Chubarina, Ye.V4
-SItructure and origin of the atmospheric electric"
field
Itcf rativnyy zhurnal, Gqofizika, no. 12, 1962, 31"
abstract 123226 (In collection: IsAcd. oblakov'.
osadkov i grozovogo clektrichertva, M., AN, SSORV
1961, 239_ 248)
T42 C. r The systematic aerial nicaaurements of 1c.he atnospher-
ic electric field, carried out during^ the IGY at Lani-agrad, Kiev,
ane. Tasl-d,-cnt by means of aircraft fitted vith electrostatic flux-
m a ters ? allowed information to be obtained on the distribution of
the field strength, space charges, axed the electric field potcntial.
to'heights of 6-7 lm. Gvt clear clays'-the appearance of field maxima
(usually in the inversion zone) and the change in the field sign, at
a height of 3.5 - 4 1m frequently disturb the monotonic decrease of*
the field strength vrith altitude. The variation of pot-enicial writh
Card 1/3

1'1/169/~2/000/012/046/095
Structure and oririn ... D228/D 07
height often departs front the monotonicity and the potelitial, begins
to dccrease from an altitude of 3.5 - 4 I=. The estimated potential
difference between th,:~ -'row
-Ld and ionosphere is 200-220 kv. :;vcn at
a height of 6 Ian the dally potential oscillations do not'repa.at the
daily unitary variation of thq field strength and are not 4ynchr6n-
ous -at different oboervation points. The potentials thensolves may
dif for by more than a 2"actor of 2 iAth rospect to the mean values'
The relative potcntial variatlons tend to decrease with i=rcasing
'hdiglit, but above .5.5 - 4 Ian they are larger than at this halglit.
At heiohts of several hundred rLietors. the diurnal field strength
variation repeats the unitary variation, thou[~a this similarity is
not noted above xad below this layer' The results obta' .acd contra-
dict the currently accepted lspheric~l capacitor' theory and -may bre
explained by xaother scheme, in which the ground and them atmosphere
exchange charges and create the observed phenomena. In this model.,
the troposphere, arte, particularly its lower layer, is the outer
T 1y at 6,
)late of the capacitor. The display of unitary variation on
certain hcight stens from thc fact that at this height fields from,
local atmospheric spacc charges, situated above avid below it, com-
C ard 2/3

S/L69/62/000/012/046/095~
Stnicture and oririn ... D228/D307
C.2
pensatc each other and permit the appearance of a fieLdfrom the
ground charge, whose change also induces unitary variation. Zonei a
where charges flow grourAwards and. zones in which outflow of charge
occurs, exchange ch.-wgcs in the atmosphere.. The Level,at whidh~
the flow begins to change, should lie at a height of 3-4 I=.
fi%bstracter's note: Coroiplete transLation,7
Card 3/3

"40
S-/ 3 0 S/169/62/000/012/047/095
D228/0307
AMOR: Imyanitov, Ii-11 ~_
TIME: Electric structure of thick convcctive clouds (Cu
Cong) and its relation to air motions in clouds
PZRIODICAL: Referativayy zhurnal, Goofizika, :no. 129* 1962,, 31-32p
abstract 12B227 (In collection: Issled~-oblakov,
osadkov i grozovogo elektrichestva, Ii., .0 SSSRj
1961, 225-233)
=Z.V: Coup~site measurements of -the electric field
stre-n"th and the,metzorological properties of thick cumuli wore car-
ried out in aircraft, fitted with electi~ostatic flw=ters, over the
Union's :~uropcan territory during 1956-1959. They allowed the main
macro-electric proj)ortias of such clouds to be obtained from re-
search data for - 140 clouds. In So';-') of cases the mean field tX
stren,yth in these clouds does not a:-.coed 5 v/cm, , and in 9W. of cases
it does not exceeil 10 v/cm. In addition, any.change in the thick-
ness of clouds is little reflected in the size of thelir average.i
Card 1/3

S/169/62/000/012/047/095
Llectric structure ~_223/D307
field strength. The averagc fields in cumuli and thich curmli are
about the- same. In thich, cumuli the eXtrame values 02- the -~,~ield
strength exceed 10 v/cm in 50','; of the cases and 30 v/cm in of
the cases; individual cases with a strength of 100 i/cm are mention-
ad. J.Zlectric fields are much more irregular in thick cumuli thaii in
cumuli. The average density oil space charges in clouds in)s estimat-
ed.from data on the cloud distributioh of the electric field. In ~X
30','v of case's it doer, not e.=ead I esu/m!~; its most lilzbly values
rar-ge from 10-2 to ~_i CSU/M3. The extremes of the space charge
density exceed 2.101-? esuM5 in 75'j'0 of cases and 1'esu/M5 in /,~~ of
cases. From the data of ari accelerogrtmh and a terapera 'turc pulsa-
tion meter curve-- were plotted for the frequency of the Oizes of
zones, in which the values of the field and the electric charging
of the aircraft were extreme,tand also of.the dimensions of the
cloud current. -They proved to be largely coincident. This fact
lets conclusions be drawn about the substantial role of air motions
In' clouds, their electrification, an(j. the presence in convcctive
clouds of zones ~.iherc tinci drop spectrum and the water content vary
greatly. A schcmatic model oj'.' cumulus wns constructed on the
rr
Card 2/3

"/169/62/000/012/047/095
L~lectric structure D223/1)307
grounds of the data cited. The cloud can be depicted as being
polarizcd in such a way that a positive charge is located at its
top, and a nereative charge at its base. Zones of positive and nega-
tivc space charges arc imposed.on this distribution. They are cha-
otically Zlisp sd-F-Y-Lirou,gh nd-c-loud, 'the appearance of these zones,
and their location being closely related to the effect of the cur,
rent in clouds. The mcan rate at which the nain s ace charges accu-
p
mulate in such clouds comprises 10-5 - jo-3 esu/m5-sac, %4iich is
2-5 orders less than the rate of accumulation of charges in subse-
quent stages. In this stage of cloud development there accumulate,
so fc-..,- charges, which then appear in a storm cloud, that in an elec-
tric respect the studied stage of development does not prepare for
the -,ic%t. The accimulation of charges'in cloud particles at this
starrc may be presumed to proceed under the infuenec of both the
conctuction *current and the removal by convective motions cC- charges
accumulated inside the cloud, as well as under the influence of the
charging of drops as they evaporate. 1-11eso-heterogeneitier, play a
vita. part in the development of convective clouds and electric
processes.
Z-Abstracter's note: Complete translation-7 Card 3/3

,IMYANITOV, I.M.p__~and. fiz.-mat. nauk, red.; KAPITANETS, Te.P.,
red.; ALEKSEYEV, A.G., tekhn. red.
(Materials from observations of the intensity or the electric
field of the atmosphere at various altituAss b"od om data
from airborne sounding during the International,Geopbysical
Year and the International Geophysical Cooperation, 19%-19591
Materialy nabliudenii napriazliennosti elektrichaskogo polia
atmoafery na. razlichnykh vysotakh po dannym samoletnogo zondi-
royaniia v period Mezhdunarodnogo geofizicheskogo goda. i Mesh-
dunarodnogo geofizicheskogo sotrudnichestva, 1958-1959 gg. Pod
red. I.14.1mianitova. Leningrad, Cidrometeoizdat, 1963. 226 p.
(MIRA 16:7)
1. Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) Glaynoye upravleniya gidrometeoro-
logicheakoy sluzhby.
(Atmospheric electricity)

Main Geophysical Observatory
VoYeykovj, Moccou - "1%o aignificanco,
of atr=plmric electricity moazuraman
(Sa3aion 3:1)
r-ninm-ad University, Main
tiundaratorm thocory"
"s"O"st"ry
(11-s
'Atw, search In Me U0311"
p),111 a. -,city
_".I r not, yet golbat6d.
11 P,
-Z tri-ity in E-14, -Fcp" Nosicn M)
UWR speakor. not yet selected.

L19445-63 EWT(1)/FCO(w)/BDS/FS(v)-2/tE(;-2/FS(v)/ES(V).~2 AFFTC/AS
AFMDQ/ESD~-j/APGC/IJP(C)/SSD --P~-4/Po-4/Pe-4/Pab-4/Pq-4,-,..,.T.T/dV/.K.--~
S/2560/63/000/017/0059/0065
ACCESSION NRt AT300 7030
AUTHOR: Imyanitov, 1. H.a Shvarts. Yo. H.
TITLEi Measurement of.electrostatic field Antensi Y on the thir4
artificial earth satellite
SOURCHt AN SSSR. Iskusst. sputniki Zemli, noo !17, :19,63 59-65
d Soviet earth satellite, Soviet earth satellit
TOPIC TAGS: thir
satellite, artificial earth satellite, earth satellitit eleetto-1
static fluxmeter, fluxmeter, electrostatic fiel'd measurement:
ABSTRACT: Measurements of electrostatic field t t4e I
surface of the third Soviet artificia satell an~ j
by
Are i cus ed'
d
electrostatic fluxmeter attached td the satellilte
The measurements covered a range of +2 v-cm-1. Linearit of the'
y
dependence of output signal on measuTed field intensity was. eh-
sured by the use of synchronous detectors. Equipmettt error did
not exceed +152; to keep it to a minimum, the constancy of gain
and zero was checked every four minutes. The excess of the duraii;dn, i-
Card 1 Z

L 19"5-63 ---- ------
ACCESSION NRt AT3007030
of a positive over that of a negative field at.thatlestollite 3'sur-
,,face testifies to the presence of a negative charge on the sitel~-
lite surface during those sectors of the trajectory',in which ~thet
electrostatic field was measured. Variations of the intensity of
the electrostatics field at the satellite surface which do noe- cor_~"~
relate with the position of the pickup in relation to the dirscti6wj-.i'
of motion, the sun, and the magnetic field are,due to the intense
charging of the satellite.
Zachek, N, P. Ziganov, V. NO
Mikhaylovskaya, and V. G. Borodulifia participated in- the develo'p~.;
aFET. has:' 9
ment of the equLpmen 7 orig. Rgurese
ASSOCIATION: none
SUBMITTED:- 07Aug62 DATE ACQ: 11Oct63 ENCL: 00*
SUB CODE: AS, GE NO REF SOV: 005 OTHER: !002t.
Ccrd 2/2

Y~~tFp~4 Gw'k
.gAPW
1,'20251 T 1)/~Ps LEM!..
~6-
ACCESSION R' 9/2560/63/000/017/0066/0081
N AT3007031
AUTHOR 1 0 algvich.-G. D. bjearts , Xa.
jmXfinLtov,
TI-TLE iMeasurement of electrostatic field intoo-m-L-tylat the su* r-
face of geophy-aLcal rockets idoving in upper atmpiphevic laye rs'
SOURCE: AN SSSR, Iskusst, sputniki Zemli, no., 170 :1963v 66"
TOPIC TAGS: electro~static field intensity, fiejd'j~tensjty'#_~
electrostatic fieldi geophysical rocket, rocket, lonospharic
electrostatic field,.ionospheric current
ABSTRACTt A discussion is presented of methods;use4 to measure
electrostatic field intensity at the rocket surface during flights
of nonstabilized geophysical rockets on 14 July,1959, 15
June;1960,.
and 24 June 1960 and during flight of a stabilized a lent ! I
__L_ rocket on 15-November 1961. The basic measuring ciricuit is 'shown:
in Fig. 1 of the Enclosuret diagrams of the senaLng4laments.-ii.
Fixs. 2 and 3. Disk-shaped igeasurLng plate I (Fig.12),was
situated at the rocket surfaco.an4 respon.ded'to. thejocal spade
Card. 1/6

120233-63.
ACCESSION NRt AT3007031 10
charge in the vicinity 6f the rocket. and fixed
disks 2 and 3 were located above the sensi_~_UAt
disk was spun at 900 e-pA-to--gi-ve---&--,-ch-d-fVed-output aLgn'al'Ln load
resL_o.tor--R--VFf-dio--rtL~ona1 to the field intensity. ~ ~(A cross section
...,of the entire pickup Assembly is included. showLig mounting da-;
tails of the disks and the drive motor; fabrication,d4h.tails a
als-6 "given.)' The distance between the measuring and rotating,
disks was 1.5 mm 'and between the measuring and fi Ixed disks- 5 M'
The effective area of the sensing disk was about:24 cm2. The
drive motor also drove a generator whose output served as the
reference voltage for synchronous detection; during c4lLbratL nr
0
the rotatLn,g di.sk &could be adjusted with respect:to the rotor to
give optimum signil-to-noLse operation in the synchronous detec-
tor. The most intere-st-in .g results,,were those obtained on 15 Nbvem:l
bar 1961,w-Lth'~the'i~i'(;*titbLI.-L':zOdi-..,~ro.~,ke't:~~.--.;~whi'ch'a.ttain'ad the highest:
altitude (430 erIrors.0 The'
qu pmen .~was;46:*.'V1 CM-1 tile
full Ocala," of its. 11 1 'and
I atinaLtivi,ty'.thte'shold;,was'0.06-,v'-x ~cm-l Pre limLn'ary had
s1lown ou t", tfie erroi, of the devicei'did n
I ot exceed 52 or 0.3 v x cm
~-Ccrd 2/6
fi'n- ----- -
RIP,` "fl: 11 i.!w i.'-

20255-63'
ACCESSION NRI AT3007031
V
addition to the field sensors,~. acurrent pfc~up 'Ifso installed
1 to register charges not intercepted by the sftas~vs. ;~ Tha 'Cuvvent'~
sensitivity threshold was 10-9 amp x cm-2 9 which was. not actually;
reached during the 15 Novemb ar flight. The pickups were placed
at diametrically opposed potnts on the cylindrtral part of-the
rocket, pickup 1 facing north and Pickup 2 facing South at ap-
proximately one-third the distance from the rocket 1901ar
rays fall on pickup 2 at an angle of 4% while picku'p I remained
in the shade. Measurements showed'thAt the rocket was negatively
charged throughout the recorded period. At all.altitudes, except.
for a small sector between 100 and,120 km, field.in6ausity at~the
rocket surface remained almost constant at 1.5 to 1.6 v X cm1i.
within the same altitude range, the depth of the space charge,.~
varied within 1o2-5 cm at a temperature of 1000K., and within
1. 7 -7 cm at & temperature of 2000K, Results,'~of measurements
made for the-nonstabilized rockets confirm those obtained for the;
stabiiized rocket-and suggest the existence of a significant
electrostatic field in the regions studied. "The authors thank
K. 1. Gringaus for discussing the results of the investigattoIn
f.Cwd 3/6
i '-7

ACCESSION NR: AT3007031
Q
Bor
V
1
Zhda
aid Sr
d V
A
U their--+
for
e*
.
,
,
,
.
an
.
no
g
M
MO
.Mxn
actistance in developing the quLpment." &,art-r-WAS t
fisuress I tab
---M~i6~XATXONt none'

SUBMITTEDs 24Aug62 DATE ACQt 110ct63 ENCLt
02,

NO REF SOVS :010
SUB COM GE, AS
OTIMR: 000

yu;Ii,
PRO',

Card 4/6

.10111111. 411 _777~
7-7
AID 11r., 967-9 15 MV
ITY E_=RPACP~,
R
CTROSTATICZ~ LIY
VOP
ROOKET (USSIO,
Ir var
hyam ov M. G* D. Gdalevich, and Ya.'M; Sh ts. 1104emiya-I Z.Uk'
7_
-&=dy. v. :148, no. 6 1963, 130-1308. S/020163;
ok 148 f 606WOP
h d.'~~
Thi-. electrostatic field intensity near:,the surfaee~ of a ~geop y6iC4 ~~6`6ket I 'ac
15 :NovP_'mbia'r',l961 *as- measured by rneans Oln ele6f~O~tail,~!!6ametip
6f. iW
zl'--~~_~I. Thil., equipment measurement range was :k 6 vIcm.1 The ~64~ing, 0 SY 11
rically placed flumeter pickups, although dUferln~ f~,or~
riations `i'~ At~xde' Th
that field intensity undergoes relatively slight v;i Y ~h a~ j
tersity value measured by one of the pickups varied Withi the ir 1"94 of 0.6
Ac -up, w;
'I vIcm, and tb,at of -the other from 1.8 to 2.5: v/cm. The Aecon, p R
lurninated by the sun at an angle of V. throughout the night; ~wh,4 oa~jthe'firai re-, 1
Tn9tined in the shade. The -electric field inteilsitycorresp -the chgjr,"ga.
lcrn' 'Aft~i' t"Ai i&o a~4.ounf:
on the' rocket itself had an average value of 1.5 V, r ~J~
moasurement erro rminatibiCof tAelreai ofi
re and inaccuracies in the dete.
2

AID ~Ir.-967-9 15 &Y
BLEanosTATic FuLD nazuisITY [Cont'd-1, S/020/,
$106610,
4,Aa~rge ~4
h' d ii negA +
intensi,ty, the average Nalue'of the e'lectrdstatic afield produci~ b t
the roc~ket was f o u ri d - t6. be 1 vIcin, i.~ e. .: the i~,6 et
w
~tive charge. Measurements of electrdn.c ncentration, togeth il
Aeld Litensity, made it possible to determine that the poienij ~i: P
Pr
its. : At a f
.rocket Is own charge amounted to severalvo n altitud b
it Was'determined that the electric field was 4 3 e;but
> 1.6 ~~jcni
-WcLS COncluded-that-dUring the exp6i ii*. an
er
-qxisted.in the_ionosph'
4 jAata on I
0e,
i by
io!~ to no ~01,
a6cordinor!fo
It
7- -1
A~
~j

I

DIYANITOV, I.M.; CHURUUNAp Ye*Ve
&nual variation of the ataospheric electric potattial at
6000 meters and the char a of an air oolum In 40 ta~~
9
6000 m. layer. Trudy GGO no*157s9-21 164 (MM 170)

'1777: M- I

C 17' R A Cj C
0', 'r f"
'a-m e. 1~ aws; 21 o rui ilas and ig-uros
2" 5

G 3,;
ftelation of radar chara,.f.~?ri;3tlc-, of clouds to tlieir tim,bilielm
emd electxic state. Trudy GGO no.273:58-621 5.
611.iffl 18:3)

(AlUBAIMIA, Yovgoyv_;y,,A Viladimiroma,-
yHvjj~tll,~
Wif AN IT
-,red.
LE-le:,tt,-ll!-Lty -.)f the free atmospbere5 results Of measure.-
ments-during the Iff and lGCJ E_'-.ektr!Aastvo s1vobodpol
abi.osfe37f~'rP.zulltai-f lzwarenll vo vremiu MGG i MG8 i le--
ningrad, Gibrometeoizdat., 196,5. 2,39 p. U'un m-?).

. . . . . . . . . .
j
f
A
A
ACCEiMION NR: AT5023597
URAOW/6~t~
Gdalevich, IWanitov I
AUTHORS. h4t
r
TIM.3.' F-1-actrical fields in the Ionosphere kcciD~dUg to. data'. rom' 411reat Mealwr'
mantis taken by geophysical rockets
SOUPOE: VseqoYu
zpan konferents&L SAd
1965.Issledovaniya koardehaskogo prostranstva (Space, research t
---- Moscow- zd-vo-Nat-7x- -1965j--2 -274-~* --- --- --- - ------
-i,kon irontslL: -1 71 4-
TOPIC TAGS i0
nosphere, electric field,~sounding rooke g4o hyald~ tr
fluxmeter
d
ABSTRAGT: Experiments have been carried out on geophysical r0ike4.~Jo't~asurp
directl7 the electric fields occurring In the lover layers at tho 4k6rd
phere. Many prominent effects in these regions d4pond vtro~ oil the. magnit C1
01
of the stationaryelectric fields there,but previous estfid of their, intao
ties have boon available only on the basis of Indirect ~ata!tl
whichlmtw be
Z.
applied theories as yet not fully worked out. :The M'Gasuremarits wetge';made vi 12
t
two'fluxmetera (G. L. Gdalevich, L M. lwjanitov and Ya, M4~: a
4var.1
Kosudcheskiye isslodo-raniyas 102 19651
3. No. 1, locatod oppo~oita ofte:another'' 11,-
'CO
rd 3A

-66
ACCUISION NRt AT5023597 ZI k G

-Ito

t1i

it.
!T
Fig. I
Measurements of electric field intensity# made
No*
V
it

L 27295-66-- ENTU )/FCC "M
.-ACC-N'Rs AM6000592 Monograph i
lzroranAtov,, 111ya, Ndipygilch; Chubarina, Yeygenlya VladimirovI&
Electricity of the free atyiospherev~
results of measurements dukl~g t ~ei IG -!-,and,
--,ff.Lektrichestvo svobodnoy atmosfery; rezul1t%tu izmereniy1jvo vrm
ya;
Leningrad, Gidrometeoroizdat, 1965. 239.p. illus.', (At ~elacl
Of title: Glavnoye upravlenlye gidrometeoroiogicheskoy aliizhbyi Iiii Soiete ~ia~-J~
istrov SSSR. lavnaya geofiziche observatorly im. 1.'4~~e;.~5ya)jj25
c0pies printed.
A
TOPIC TAGS: atmospheric physics, atmospheric structure, atmo6Aeri6l thiermodynidics
,.lightening electricity, electromagnetic effect
PURPME ANDCOVERAGE: This book is based on data obtained fttllng tji~,. JGY by syl.era-
atic aircraft soundings of the earth's electric field. ~Wre thil~:~Obo sojodinigs.
were made, and the results of data.processing,are analyze&: in th~e ~book. 1111 adil
tion to the detailed information on the initial data presepted ~p.tabular f6ims
the book gives, for the first time, pertinent inTormation. 6q th~ Aructure~ tAe
~.e-fe-ftric fi'e*ld in "good" w ather, on the distribution of:-VUume r c.'eiectric
~Cb4~~ges and iotentials under these conditions. ~ A -so initludedare'I i1stai
on the electric structure.of stratified clouds. Thua, the!lbook; ~piesents w tene
pixture of the electric*structure of the atmosphere an eloiidy Od,;clear Tt
in intended for specialists. in tbe'field of atmospheric, im' ~vell es the 150~ial~-
e 8~ ;;of atmc
ints in all those fields which are concerned with the phinpmen opbleile
electricity.
3,51 ~:
Card 1/2
UDC
r

L 272915-66
ACC NP, Am6000592
,TABIX OF CONTENTS [abridged):
j
Introdixtion 3

Ch. I. Investigations of the electric field in the free atm'Q'~';Pheid ~nd their~,t 1-~;'

portance for understanding of the nature k
of i to origili

Ch. 11. an
Organization of measurements d methods
o dat'~
f apr6cl'!ssin ~-;26
fir
Ch. IM Electricity in good weather -38
Ch. IV. l
El-.xtrical structure of stratified clouds and their, illfluencd on the 1e ea
l

tr.,.c field of the. atmosphere
80

Ch. V.. System of-electric processes in the.atmosp4ere ill;

sua CODE: 1TJu165/-,~6RIG HE?;
o4, 06[: 'SUBM DATE. -'.063/;'! 6T# ow

geLd ~;2/2

IMYANITO
The LR93 cdpy milling machine with electric contour-follover
-system. Blul.tekh.-skon.Inforso =910:28-30 1 $8.
(MIRA 11312)
(Milling machines) (Blectronic control)

S/193/60/000/009/tO5/1)13
A004/AO01
A7MOR: Imyanitov, M.a.
TrNZ: The Heavy AP (LR)-163 popying Killing Machinip
PERIODICAL- Byulleten' tekhniko-ekonomicheskoi informataii, 1960, No. 9,
pp. 25 - 28
MTs In 1960 the Leningradskiy stankostroitel'nYy,zavod (Leningra&_
Nachine Tool Plant) started t6manufacture multi-purpose:copyirig milling machines
for the machining of complex spatial surfaces, like metal models, dies and press-
otolds. In contrast to other machines of thia kind, the new LR-163 copying
nilling machine possesses another layout of master template and copying device,
the former being located on a horizontal plate on the other side of the machine
bed, while the axis of the copying device is placed vertically;, the copying
device itself is placed on a separate carriage which is movable,along the guides
of a light welded sleeve fastened to the machine stand. The free end of the
sleeve is propped by suppciting rollers which are rolling on rails if the stand
is displaced along the machine bed. The absence of the usual upper rests
simplifies the adjustment of master template and copying device and reduces the
Card 1/2

S/193AO/tOO/009/005/013
'Die Heavy IVF (LR)-16) Copying Milling Machine AOOIf/AOOJ
height of the milling machine. The main control ,panel is located on the spindle
stock, while an auxiliary panel is placed next to the copying device. The IR.-
16,3 milling machine is equipped for the first time with a universal copying.
device which replaces a set of interchangeable devices and ensures all the
necessary working conditions for automatic machining, among others also profile,
copying with depth check, i.e. tracing in three dimensions.' The,following
tuhnical data are givens dimensions of surface to be machined, width (vertical
cross-arm travel) - 1,800 mm, length (horizontal stand travel) ,4,000 mm;
longitudinal travel of spindle stock - 800 mm, power of spindle drive electro-
motor - 14 kw, range of spindle speeds 08 steps) - 13.5 - 1,600 r0m; effective,
arrea of the component table - 2,290 x 5,190 mm; overall dimensions (length X
width x height) - 9,517 x 8,775 x 5,155 mm; w6ight - 60 tons. There is 1
figure.