SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GUBKIN, A.N. - GUBKINA, YE.

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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SOYJIIZ--58-2-1853
Tran.slkatlon from: Referativnyy zhuxr,32, EIektrotekIh-,i.;ka, 1959, Nr 2, p 9 (USSR)
AUTHOR: NQ A
,~-,bkin, . N.
TITLE: S!Irface Discharge on igh Permittivity Ce~zrarnic Dielectrics
(Pove~rkhn',)stnyy razryad na keramicheski~~L dielektrikakh s vysoko-I
dielek-tricheakoy pronitsavemostlyu)
PERTOMCAL: -Tzv. Tomskogo politekbz%. in-ta, 1956, Vol 91, pp 145-157
ABSTRACT: kvestigated was the effect of field homogeneity, frequency, aad
on surface discharge voltage of (a) titanates of metals of the second
9r'::-IV of Men.deleyev's periodic table, and 'jb) some cexa.mic materials having
Pe;mftt-v;ty between 'I and 1, 500. Pasch&:o law is satisfactorily obe7ed by
ceiam~.--. dielectrics in a uniform field with a low relative humidity of air and
a DC o.-,- 50--cr3s voltage. This law is not obe-jed. wl-,en relative b-zmidity is 5010
and 1--igher, at high frequencies and high p,,-:rm5ttivity v--d---es and also in- a
horasgen-eouzs field; the reason m2rf lie in the fact that the gas atthe dielectric
is heated by the dielectric. Surface -dischalge voltage of ceramic

SOY! I 12-58-Z-185 3
Surface Dipcirarge on High Permitti-itit-Y Ceramic DieLectrics
dielec'71cs V!~ a izniform Eeld is always eq..~al to or less fl-art the corresponding
F-1;-z-breakdown voltage; at Idgh per-rnittiv-;ties, t-he 8~-Irface--discharge vclt.--ige is
very ~.~teneitive to field For freq~,:.ep.ciea of 136 kc a-Ld !dgher, the
8u,!f.-..re -discharge voltage is independent of htimidity. With i-acrease ir, fi e-
qzier%c-, , the s-crface-di.scharge vc-Itage decreases more rapldly fcr h-igher per-
r.'1'4t`v;k-es of t'Le dielectric. Bi I-)! -ographi: 14 itamt,-. Fizic~L. in-t I'm. P.N.
Lebe,leva A14 S'cSR ti e of Plvsics ;.me-~--' P. IN. Lebedev, AS USSR),
A - M. A.
Carib 2.!'Z

AUTHOR Gubkin, A. W. 57-9-6/40
TITLE 0'ff-tK_e_P_r_o_b_1-e% Concerning the Phenomenological Theory of Elec-
trets (K voprosu o fenomenologicheskoy teorii elektretov )
PERIODICAL Zhurnal Tekha.Fix., 1957, Vol. 27, Nr 9, PP-1954-1968 (USSR)
ABSTRACT The phenomenolgioal theory of electrets developed by E.P.Adame
and W.F.G. Swann is here generalized for the case of incrusted el-
ectrets. Incrustation is understood here in the widest sense of the
word, namely as the creation by any means whatsoever of two layers
of charge which are of equal density but which are in opposition to
each other with respect to the sign of the charge on the surface of
the electret. The theory is extended to those electrets which are
obtained from dielectrica, with a specific conductivity that is es-
sentially higher than that of carnauba wax. It is shown that only i
incrustation is taken into account the said theory will lead to
results that are a correct representation of the experimental data
for electreta of carnaubp wax. The theory developed in the paper
is also extended to new electrets produced from aho.rganic dielectri
ca the electric conductivity of which is considerabi.- higher than
that of carnaubs wax. It is shown that the life of eleu,,rets is de-
termined by the quantity I where M essentially depei,-.1s upon
4XV
electret conductivity, its surroundings, and the conditions of :n-
crustation, as well as on the quantity L , where a is a parameter
Card 1/2 a

On the Problem Concerning the Phenomenological Theory of Electrets. 57-9-6/40
which characterizes the velocity of the decrease of semiconstant
polarization according to timt. For a number of electrets the quan-
tities I and 1 are computed here, as well as the initial values
TWX 7
of hetero- and homo-charges. It is shown that in m(ket cases the li-
fe of electrets is determined bythe quantity. 1 . M B(?-i+0,23
P'L.) + A te, where tdenotes conductivity. TherPM are 5 figures,
~'tables, and 3 Slavic references.
ASSOCIATION Physical Institute imeni P.N.Lebedev, AN USSR,Moscow.
(Fizicheskiy institut im.P.N.Lebedeva AN SSSR,Moskya.)
SUBMITTED April 15, 1957
AVAILABLE Library of Congress.
Card 2/2

AUTHORS Gubkin A.N.,Skanavi G.I., 57-9-7/40
TITLE -Th-e-1-fi-o-m-al'ous Stability of New knorganic Polyarystalline Electrets.
(Anomal,naya stabilinost' novykh neorganicheskikh polikristallich-
eskikh elektretor.-Russian)
PERIODICAL Zhurnal Tekhn.Fix., 1957, iol 27, Nr 9, pp 1969 -1970 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT It is pointed out that for all hitherto obtained electrets,especial
ly those of carnsuba ws~X anti its mixtures, the essential condition
for the permanent maintenance of the charge was the incrustration
of the surfacel Recently,new electrete have,however,,been produced
from a number of polycrystalline anorgania dielectrica(ppoeramic"
dielectrics).F.xperiments showed that the properties of these elec-
trets do in no way depend upon whether they are open or coatedv&th
a metal foil. Here the data are given which show the change of sur-
face density of thenomo-charge d according to time of incrusted
and not incrusted electret 11 of CyT'031wh'ch were kept in a desicoa-
tor at a degree of humidity of 35 %. The analogous relation 6(t)
were obtained also for those electrets which were kept outside the
desicator and without a foil.
There is I figure and 2 Slavic references.
ASSOCIATION Physical Institute im.PIN.Lebedev,AN USSR, Moscow.
(Fizicheskiy institut im.P.N.Lebedeva AN SSSR,Moskya.)
SUBMITTED April 15, 1957
AVAILABLE Library of Congress.
Card 1/1

AUTHOR: GUBKIN,A.N., SKANAVI,G.I. PA - 2071
TITLE Some R-e-w-flectrets from Inorganic Dielectrics. (,Novye elektrelvy
iz neorgani'oeskich diekektrikov, Russian).
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Eksperimentallnoi i Teoret.Fiziki, 1957, Vol 32, Nr 1,
pp 140-142 (U.S.S.R.)
Received: 3 / 1957 Reviewed: 4 / 1957
ABSTRACT: The authors were the first to demonstrate that the stable
electrets, the properties of which are not connected with
Seignette-Electricity, can be determined from polyoristalline
anorganic compounds as e.g. the titanates of magnesium, calcium,
bismuth, strontium, zinc, strontium-bismuth-titanate, the barium
metatitanate, barium teratitanate and also steatite. The elec-
trets are in all cases produced by the following method: The
sample was placed in an electric field of 20 kV/cm where it was
left at room temperature for 30 minutes; it was then heated to
200* C for two hours and kept at this tem 9erature for two hours,
the temperature was then reduced to 65-90 C for two hours. The
samples were of 5 mm thickness, their diameter was - 60 mm.
The electrodes consisted of brass disks with a diameter of
30.0 mm. The surfaces of the samples and of the electrodes were
carefully polished. Amperage was measured during polarization.
By the method of electrostatic induction a certain effective
Card 1/3

Some New Electrets from Inorganic Dielectrics.
PA - 2071
surface charge density a of the electrets was measured and the
signs of the charges were measured on the surfaces of the
electrets.
The most important results are shown in a table. The signs of
the charges at the end of the samples examihed agree with the
signs of the voltage which was applied to the samples during
polarization. Only in samples of Pyrex-glass did the aharges
have opposite polarization. A diagram illustrates the time
dependence of a for an electret of CaTiO . A similar time de-
pendence also applies in the case Of Othir electrets. According
to preliminary experiments with samples of MgTiO3 the life of
these eleetrets is more than 1,5 years.
According to the data found here the surface density of the
charges of the new electret in all cases attains the corres-
ponding values of the electret of carnauba. wax
(1-2.10-9 coul/cm2). In some cases these values are consider-
ably exceeded. It is a characteristic fact that the dielectric
receives homogeneous charges also with polarizations without
heating. These charges, however, gradually decrease much more
rapidly than those charges obtained in the case of additional
Card 2/3

Some Now Electres from Inorganic Dielectrics.
PA - 2071
heating. In samples obtained without heating, a is ten times
smaller one month after polarization than the corresponding
value of a obtained when heating the samples to 2000 C.
The investigations discussed here are continued.
ASSOCIATION: Physical Institute "P.N.LEBEDEV" of the Academy of Sciences
of the USSR
PRESZNTED BY:
SUDNITTED;
AVAILABLZ: Library of Congreas
Card 3/3

GTJBKIN~ A.Ni.
Gubkin, A.N. and G. I. Skanevi. [Flzicheskiy institut imeni P.N. Lebede-ia A1; -13-SP
(Physical Institute imet-. P. IN. Lebedev AS USSR)] Preparation arid
Properties of New Electrets From Inorganic Dielectrics
(The Physics of Dielectrics; Treasectiona of t~:c All-Uhlfon Cazlav~mce :,- the Physics
of Dielettrics) Moscoul, Ud-i-n AN MSR, 19tA. 24*5 p. i.~,:00 cup~ez pr":-toP4
I &
This voluxe publisbes reports pmeented ot the 'All-UnIon Coe-rexencf- or, physles Wf
Mile-ctrics, held in Doevopetrovsk in August 1956 sponsored by tac *paysted of
Dialectrics" Imbarstory or the Pizzlclueakiy it-tatitut Impri lebede-ve A-,, SUP. llpb~-Fsics
Institute Uen.4 tcbLd~- of the AS EMR), and t-U, gleCtrDIpiky.-I.ID DoWtVO-A Of 'the
Dwpropetrovskly tpolideu-styenrYY Un1vC1--11tCr, (DriepropotvivaiL Stat,-- uniiv~r,xity).

AUTHORS: Gubkin, A. N., Skanavi, G. 1. 48-22-3,-26/50
TITLE: Production and Properties of New Electrets From Inorganic
Dielectrics (Polucheniye i svoystva novykh elekt,~etov iz
neorganicheskikh dielektrikov)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya kkademii Nauk SSSR.Seriya Fizicheakaya, 1958,
Vol. 22, Nr 3, PP- 330-342 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: More than 60 different dielectrioe - mainly organic
substances - were investigated with respect to the possibility
of obtaining electrets (refs. 1- to 6). Electrets from in-
organic Pol crystalline dielectrics (the socalled ceramic
dielectrics~ without piezoelectric properties were not yet
obtained. The authors tried to obtain such electrets from in-
organic dielectrics which do not contain any polar groups,
and to investigate their properties. They investigated poly-
crystalline dielectrics with different dielectric constants:
Titanates of magnesium, of calcium, strontium, bismuth, and
strontium-bismuth-titanates, barium-metatitanate and
barium-tetratitanate, steatite and porcelain (of the brand
M-23). Individual solid, amorphous and monocrystalline
Card 1/ 4 dielectrics were investigated besides these polycrystalline

Production and Properties of New Blectrets From Thorganic 48-22-.3--26/30
Dielectrics
materials. Table I shows a brief characteristic of these
materials. A certain effective density of the surface-charge
a was measured after the polarization of the sample on its
surface. As a rule, the charges on different surfaces showed
no essential differences with respect to the quantity of
charge. The results of measurement of d are only given for
the negative side of the electrets. The negative sign of 0
corresponds to the homogeneous charge, the positive to the
heterogeneous charge. Homogeneous charges are obtained with
all materials (table 2). It is evident that under corresponding
conditions not all investigated substances become electrets
after polarization (tables 2 and 3). a changes abruptly
according to time with decreasing tendency (fig. 1). The
abrupt character of the curve is apparently correlated with
the change of the surrounding temperature and humidity and
the reduction of a is apparently correlated with the repeated
measurements (figures 5 to 10)- It results from the current
measurements with the polarization of the other not given
dielectrics as well as from (fig. 11) that any anomalies are
not observed on the curve of current change according to time
Card 2/ 4 and temperature. The second part of the work was devoted to

Production and Properties of New Electrets From Inorganic 48-22-3-26/30
Dielectrics
the determination of optimum conditions with the polarization
of newly obtained electrets. A certain dependence on the
temperature constancy is observed which changes its character
according to time (fig- 13). 2000C is apparently the optimum
temperature for these dielectrics. 3000C represent a limiting
temperature, since at a higher temperature either a thermal
breakdown at E - 10 -' 20 kV cm-1 takes place, or chemical
change of the materiai correlated with the increase in con-
ductivity. It was essential to find out how the amount of the
density of the surface-charge changes according to the tension
of the voltage of the applied field. (Figures 14 and 15). As
results from the diagram (fig .16), no essential dependence
of the electret on the applied voltage with E - const was
determined. A series of samples was polarized at room-tempera-
ture in order to determine the role of heating with the ob-
taining of electrets. The obtaining of inorganic electrets by
means of intermittent voltage is also achieved. The properties
of the electrets obtained in this way do almost not differ at
all from the electrets obtained with direct voltage. The
Card 3/4 hypothesis developed by Gross was also examined (ref. 10). The

Production and Properties of New Electrets From Inorganic 48-22-3-26/30
Dielectrics
A3SOCIATION:
AVAILABLE:
results obtained show that the formation of homogeneous
charges is substantially more complicated than Gross
assumed. It was shown previously (refs. 11 and 12) that both
homogeneous chargee and heterogeneous charges are space
charges. The authors tried to confirm this on new electrets.
They also measured & and tg 6 of CaTiO and SrT'O and
compared the obtained values with Thos. of the cohrol-
-samples. Almost no change of the,6 of the electrets was found.
V. S. Mitronina, Z. N. Kalganova and R. Kh. Mukhamediyeva
at the beginning, participated in this work. There are 21
figures, 5 tables, and 14 references,
Pizicheskiy institut im. P. N. Lebedeva Akademii nauk SSSR
(Physics Institute imeni P. N. Lebedev,AS USSR)
Library of Congress
1. Electrets--Production 2. Electrets--Properties
Card 4/4

24(6) sov/5?-43-10-1 ~/ 40
AUTHOR: _Gubkin, A. N.
TITLE: "urface Flashover of' Polycrystalline Dielectrics With Different
Dielectric Constante(Poverkhnostnyy proboy polikristalli-
cheskikh dielektrikov s raznoy dielektricheskoy pronitsayemost~aa)
PFR10LICAL; Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki#Vol 28..Nr 10, pp 2194-2199 (USSR)Iqlf
ABSTRACT: This is an investipation of the surface flashover on ceramic
dielectrics it MMM and in nowmdtwu fields. The
homogeneous field was generated by means of plane electrodes
with rounded-off edges. The samples were prepared from the fol-
lowing titanates of the elements of the second group of' the
periodic systems MgTi0V CaTiOV Btrontium-bismuth iitanater-ET,
and Ba'PiO5. The surface flashover in a heterogeneous field was
stuaied with the same dielectrics, witn the difference that the
samples were shaped differencly. Tne foliowing cases were in-
vestigated: A) Surface flashover at different humidity: 1) ho-
mogeneous fields The sarface fieshover potenzial U_ coincides
Gard 1/4 with the air sparkover voltage U it of MgTiO5and CaTiO 5 samples

' ~ Vt ~'1-28-
S~)rf'acP ~.1asileV(,r rff i,clycrys t a! I i nv D i e I k,
Constants
Ujily a L "I relal- ive humid it,,,, oe I ow 40 aecveasc-s w i Lh
tnt, hujindit-y rnitied to n level L)y fact.()r of ii.
81rnulez-z' )I, U very niFn (c T iin 0
0.- io 11-as !tian -ven at low hurll~uit.v !11,(~ ~3 i--us de-
P"rvier~ ~Ipoii the n,,-,-.nidvt.Y. C" nOUU-nifOrM
ip~,,n
tcj trod: ctlf~' uniform
h~-gh. freq:.encics (-4~,,O kcy) it is C.: r,~Iat4vt,
0!~ a.,? it) th nonvaft.-M
uniform
ho-,.-t--ver. one, ciI.ztiljctj.ve feqt""re; In the
nommiforA "Aeld the evr%-2 cos.--ribir..q t6o ver-,iti hiam-~-A-
:ty funCLion exhibits a .r tn,~ normifo--m
-;'ieid an increase o: the :r;e i--rat,On L)~.
"i r
, -Id distribution e-nsuinq tii4- uv-y if.-au ',.3 a reduction
-,f rfic degree of field nommiformity, as w,.11 s to an increase.
Tile first circumstance xili tf--Ula 1.0 IrWroaot ii the latter to

" o v " i~ 7 -11 1 -, , t t~
Surfu ce Flashover of' Polyerystalline Dielectrics With Different ljiele,~trlc
-Cons tant a
decrease it. B) 3urface fiasho7er at various frequency and
different aLmospheric pressures. 1) Valfors field.- For di-
electrics with a low dielectric constant U 1) coincides with U
and is much smaller than for dielectrics with a nighS. At
50 cy UD is for C_BT - and BaTiO5 samples even somewhat higner,
and with small sampie thickness IJ may even coincide with U,.
P A
For dielectrics with an excessively high F- LJ ri is smailer at
high frequencies. The difference between U and 0 varien as
D
the pressure. 2" 11 1 qdfora fi.!1d: 'if the distance between
the electrodes is varied U D varies approximately as UA betteen
the corresponding electrodes, U D may however, be smaller than
UA. This is due to influences of moisture. No dependence of U D
upon the sample thickness was found in case the field possesses
no component perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric. If
Card 3/4 such a component exists, U D decreases a little with a reduction

'Surface Flashover a.,' Polycrystalline Dielectrics lVitn. Different Dielectric
Constanc
SUBMITTED:
in thickness. At constant potential and 50 cY tne curves de-
scribing the UD versus pressure z .unction of plane samples pre-
pared from different dielectrics differ only little, they may,
however, take a lower course at a humidity exceeding 50~of. At
high frequencies conditions are inverted: U L' of dielectrics
with a high F_ is much reduced. Professor G. I. 1-kanavi showed
constant interest in the work. There are 15 figures and 9 ref-
erences, 3 of which are Soviet.
November 4, 1957
Card 4!4

SOV/120-59-4-26/50
AUTHOR V. S., Sergiyenko, V. F,,
Subbotin, M. I.
TITLE: Methods of Measuring the Electret Charge
PERIODICAL: Pribory i tekhnika eksperimenta, 1959, Nr 4, pp, 113-118
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors review methods and equipment used in measure-
me.nt of the surface charge of electrets. The review begins
with a description of the electric field of an electret be-
tween two metal electrodes at the same potential (the "short-
circuited electret"7 Fig 1). Gubkin (Ref 6) showed that the
electric fields between the electret surfaces and the metal
electrodes and the field inside an electret are given by
,e Ee
Eqs (1) and (2) whei MA is the electric field between
the m-th electret surface and the electrode A ; Ei is
the electric field inside the electret; d 1 and d2 are the
gaps between0the electrodes A and B and the electret
surfaces; CY and cro are the absolute densities of
1 2
charge on the first and second electret surfaces respective-
ly; L is the electret thickness; e is the permittivity
Card 1/? of the electret material; or.- is tim surface density of a

jOV/120-59-4-26/50
Methods of Measuring the Blectret Charge
charge induced on the electrode A by the charge on the
m-th surface of the electret. Three methods of measuring
the electret surface charge are discussed in the present
review. One of these methods is the electrostatic induct-
ion method (Fig 2). The electrode A is lowered until it
is in contact with the upper electret surface with the switch
K closed. It follows then from Eq (1) that if
E;(d + d )/L 1. In this
case it is better to use an electret vibroprobe ?or measuring
displacement. Verification of the results was carried out by
means of an experimental electret vibroprobe made of a calcium
titanate electret B (6 = 150, 2.5 cm diameter, 0.15 cm thick)
fixed into a special insulator base C. The membrane E is above
Card 3/ 67

114V
On the Theory of Vibroprobes... 3/120/61/000/002/032/042
Z210/E594
the electret surface, the air gap between the membrane and the
electret surface was 0.015 cm. A thin brass foil was used as a
second electrode. The membrane was connected to the metallic
body A which was grounded; from the second electrode a lead D
to the external circuit was provided. The surface density of the
electret charge equalled 2 x 10-9 Coulomb/cm 2. The signal was fed
to the input resistance of a tube voltmeter with R = 2 megohm.
The experimentally determined resonance frequency of the mobile
electrode f equalled 1650 c.p.s. Good agreement between
calculated ana experimental results were obtained. Fig.3 shows
the sensitivity of the vibroprobe with respect to acceleration N
(mV/g) as a function of the vibration frequency (C.P.S.). It is y
pointed out that electret vibroprobes operate without external
supply sources and, in contrast to electromagnetic probes, the
alternating current is induced by the electric field and not by the
magnetic field. rf the system, electret system-mobtle electrode,
is considered as a plane condenser, a certain analogy can be
arrived at between electrets and capacitance probes, the main
difference being that capacitance probes require an external field.
Card

011 the Theory of Vibroprobes ... 5/120/61/000/00"q/032/042
E210/E5911,
Acknowledgments are expressed to V. A. Shmelev for evaluating the
results and to G. A. Rodionova for her assistance in the
experimental work. Thei -e are 3 figures and 5 references: all
Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Fizicheskiy institut AN SSSR (Physics Institute
AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: April 27, ig6o

S/181/61/003/001/040/042
B102/B204
AUTHORS: Gubkin, A. N. and Skanavi, G. I. (Deceased)
TITLE: The problem of inorganic electrets
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 1, 1961, 297-304
TEXT: This is a short review of publications on electret research; only
such electrets are studied as consist of polycrystalline inorganic
(ceramic) dielectrics. In the introduction, the first papers published
in the twenties and thirties are briefly dealt with, and the production
of electrets (thermoelectrets, photoelectrets, electroelectrets -
according to the production method) is discussed. The occurrence of a
charge or a field in the electret is described, and formulas are given.
Charge measurement (electrostatic induction, depolarization) is also
mentioned, and the two methods are briefly discussed. The dependence of
the surface-charge density (O,ff)of electrets on external effects is dealt
with in the following (deff between 10-11 and 10-8coul/OM2; residual
10_5coul/cm~).
polarization: 10- 6_
The dependence of oeff on the
Card 1/4

5/181/61/005/001/040/042
The problem of inorgan4c electrets B102/B204
relative air moisture, its change in time and aeff = f(p) are graphically
represented and discussed. The dependence Of deff on air pressure W ~V/
corresponds to the Paschen curve for a gas discharge in a homogeneous
field. A table (taken from Ref. 11) gives the residual polarizations P
of a number of ceramic electrets, which had been polarized at room
temperature and 2000C in fields of 2 and 20 kv/cm. 6 denotes the piezo-
modulus; $(1) is a strontium-bismuth titanate (specimen No. 7). Today
it is assumed that electrets have both homo- and hetero-chargee, and
that they usually have surface and volume charges which may be both bound
and free. In the following, aeff of various electrets is studied as a
function of the E-field and of time, and some formulas are given. Next,
the piezoeffect is dealt with; Ref. 11 showed that 1) the quasi-piezo-
effect (at dP/dp = O)islO-Ilooul/kg on the average, and that 2) the
piezomodulus of Sr-Bi titanates is 1-5*10-11 coul/kg (p denotes
mechanical pressure). F~riher, papers by Gross et al. (Phys.Rev.) are
briefly dealt with, the molecular and phenomenological theory of the
electret effect is discussed, the latter in detail (acc. to Gubkin,
Zhurn. tekhn. fiz. Vol. 27, P. 1954), and some formulas are given and
Card 2/4
Vie problem S/781/61/003/001/040/042
of In
organic' electrets
B102/B204
discussed on the basis of the schematical representation of the charges,
fieldo,'and-our-rents (ng- 8). [Abstracterts note: The present paper
Contains no new ma'terial but Only a summarizing repres'entation of the most
impo*rtant iAeme from
previous papers.] There are 8 figures, 1 table, and
20 references: 9'SOViet-blod and IO'non-Soviet-bl:u.
-ASSOCIATION:
Fizicheski institut im. p. N. Lebedeva AN SSSR (Institute
Of Physics,im~ni P. N. Lebedev, AS 'USSR)
_.MBY1ITTED:
PebruarY 5, 1960 June 30, 1960
P YA.1c P. WYAJ991' (2W* Q.
X.Cftj
a. MaVqPMUA BASUipelft a
1-ftepuTyps) 2 a Blew. 20 EDAM
meo# kv.
2 3 4
7
MgT*3 < 10-8
15 10-7 3.8-10-8
ZnTio3 22 < 10-s 1A - io-a
3 Bno - 4T10 28 < 1(y-s
4 B120.j
80 1.4. jo-7 8.7-10-6
Card 3/4 5 CaT103 150 1.0.10-7 g.,3.10-7 6.q. 10-0
6 SrT103 175 2.3-10-7 6.7.1(1-7
7 (4) CBT 6-10-4.
750 7.4-10-7 3.8.10-8 2.4-10-0 1.5
8 B&TIO, 1200 5.1 - la-6
6. 10~16.

GUBKIN, A.N.; KASHTANOVA, A.M.; SKANAVI, G.I. [deceased]
Electric transfer in interstitial solid solutions. Fiz. tver. tela 3
no. 4:117-1121 Ap 161. (MIRA 14:4)
1. Institut metallokeramiki i spetsiallnykh oplavov All USSR, Kiyev.
(Solutions, Solid) (Ions)

22046
slial,1611003100410121030
/J. B102/B214
Gubkin, A. N.f Kashtanova, A. M., and Skanavi, G. 1A.
(1) e c e a s-e-dj-
TITLE: Investigation of the dielectric properties of strontium
bismuth titanates at low temperatures
PERIODICAL. Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 4, 1961,11io-1116
TEXT: The present work is a continuation of a series of investigations
of the dielectric properties of strontium bismuth titanates (SBT).
The SBT have a high dielectric constant and show a very strongly marked
relaxation polarization. SBT have no ferroelectric properties - the
high iE-value is related, howeverv with the relaxative character of
polarization. In order to determine accurately the character of polariza-
tion in SBTI a large number of different kinds of experiments are required.
The present paper makes a contribution to this by investigating the fre-
quenoy and temperature dependence of Eand tan ~, as well as the dielectric
hysteresis in SrTiO 3 - Bi 203-3T1020 The composition (in mole%)-and the
Card 1/1
a

22046
S/181/61/003/004/012/'030
Investigation of the B102/B214
sintering temperature of the 15 samples studied are given in the table.
The results of the investigations are illustrated in diagrams. It is
seen that all pastes with a bismuth titanate content of more than 0.1 mole%
(at 1 kc/sec) have one maximum of ~_ that is sMfted toward higher
temperatures with increasing bismuth titanate content (pastes 2-9).
Pure SrTiO3 (paste 1) shows the highest value (-~ z 6300) at T < -196"c.
The temperature dependence of tan 6 (at 1 kc/sec) shows two maxima. The
first lies at about -2500C, is low for pastes 1 and 2, and highest for
paste 4, higher than the second (which is a special case)~ Its intensity
again decreases rapidly; for paste 9 it is most indistinct. Its
position remains unchanged. The second maximum increases throughout in
intensity and width; however, it is shifted rapidly toward higher
temperatures. The curves ;(T) and tan i . f(T ') are seen to be practically
independent of frequency for paste 1. It is seen Dirther that the
low-temperature maximum relative to its position is independent not only
of the composition but largely also of frequency. The second maximum is
shifted toward higher temperatures, and with increasing frequency it
decreases in intensity for E and increases for tan 6. Pigs~ 6, 7, and 8
Card 2/7

Investigation of the ...
22046
S/18 61/003/004/012/030
B102YB214
show the corresponding curves for pastes 99 12, and 15, respectively.
All pastes showed hysteresis loops at, low temperatures, but not at room
temperatures (at least up to field strengths of 50-60 kv/cm). At the
temperature of N, the saturation is hardly marked. Pure BaTiO 39 by
contrastf shows saturation at He temperature, and that already at 3-kv/cm;
at 10 kv/cm, it is very clearly marked. The results obtained can be
explained from two points of view: 1) on the basis of relaxation
polarization due to structural defects, and 2) on the assumption of
spontaneous polarization. In this case, the relaxation phenomena are
related to the domain mobility. Further investigations should clarify
finally the problem of the nature of polarization. There are 10 figures,
1 table, and 4 Soviet-bloc references. '
ASSOCIATION: Fizicheskiy institut im. P. N. Lebodeva AN SSSR Moskva
(Institute of Physics imeni P. N. Lebedev, AS USSR, Moscow)
SUBMITTED: July 7, 1960 (initially) and October 20, 1960 (after V
revision)
Card 317

A L4 0
4'
..,/61/003/011/021/056
;/B104
AUTHORSi Gubkin, 1. N., and Mil'shina, Y-. A.
TITLEs The role of residual polariza,--:, t: th~- electret effect
PERIODICALt Pizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. !,. 96,, 3376-3382
TEXTs The conclusions drawn from the phenctn-t-:-;% --c.g-'-.al theory as to the
important role played by residual polarization In the electret effect are
shown to agree with experimental data. Fir--i, -h-~ principal characteristics
of the phenomenological theory of electrets ',A. N. Gubkin, ZhTV, XXVII, 9,
1954, 1957) are discussed. According'to thi-4 Qiecry, the electret effect
is due to residual polarization. The resid!.al pcIarization was investigated
by the depolarization technique. Fig. 2 gl!k,.~, .L qualitative account of
experimental results, and quantitative data a:,;, 1-1,mp'Lled in Tables 1 and
2. Experimental results obtained for ;,-,mpcsed of CaTiO3and
CBT (80.3% SrT 103 and 19.7% Bi203* 2TiO 2) ar& F-i7ented in Figs. 3 and 4.
Two groups of phenomena are observable in :.----unded electrets containing
absorptlAn charges and residual charges. Ti-. ~.?-.nlhilate the latter, the
Card I

S t" cil'.161 /003/011/021/056
The role of residual polarization ... b'~'~,-'/B104
sample has to be heated above the polarizat-~'~,n it!mperature. In all the
materials tested (for exceptions see Tables and 2), the absorbed charges
(ff,b) and the residual polarization (P) can ' n,;reased by raising the
temperature and prolonging the pulse durati,~-.-.. The temperature-independent
relaxation time of absorbed charges is It -- '.1' mi;,. The relaxation time
of residual polarization is 2 - 4 hr at ZOOOC and inoreases sharply as
the temperature drops. If the absorbed a.re not- due to high-
voltage polarization, the observed residtAal j-,,o1arization cannot be
explained as being due to the usual types ,,f .'~near polarization with long
relaxation times. A residual polarization c" coulomb/cm 2 , which is
similar to that of inorganic electrets, Is c~:3erye4 in wax electrets. The
stable charge of electrets was calculated experimental values of
P and T'9 to be 6- 10-10 coulomb/CM2 for electrets and
6 - 10-8 coulombs/CM2 for wax electrets. Ao-,crdirig to theoretical
calculations and experimental results, thc-. -1;,--:.,,i31ons drawn from the
phenomeno logical theory as to the role of polarization in the
electret effect are consistent with experii-,~. .1 -:-eGillts. Ferroelectrics
Card 2/3

1 i;lV`11003101110211056
The role of residual polarization ... 125/B104
with a thermodynamically stable residual polarization need not have
electret properties since - and tend to infinity. There are 4 figures,
2 tables, and 5 referencest 4 Soviet and 1 non-Soviet. The reference to
the English-language publications reads as followai D.' Gross. J. Chem.
Phys.9 IZ, 10, 866, 1949.
ASSOCIATIOUt Fizicheskiy in.stitut im. P. N. Lebedeva AN SSSR Iloskv&
(Physics Institute imeni P. X. Lebedev AS USSR, Moscow)
SUBMITT-ED: June 12, 1961
Fig. 2. Order'of experiment and data.
Fig- 3. Experimental re5UltB for CaTiO 3 electrets. Legendt (1)
2
Coulomb/am ; (2) t time, hr
Fig. 4. Experimental results for CBT electrets. LeSend's For designation
see Fig.
Card 3/;~

GUBKINq A.N.; SERGIYENKO, V.F.; TROFIMENKO, N.M.
Theory of electret vibration pickups. Prib. i tekh. eksp. 6
no.2:166-169 mr-Ap 961. (MIRA 14:9)
1. Fizicheskiy institut AN SSSR.
(Electrets) (Transducers)

s/iel/62/004/005/01B/055
B125/B104
AUTHORS: Gubkin, A. N., and Matsonashvili, B. N.
TITLE: The physical nature of the electret effect in Brazilian wax
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, V--4,J19-'5, 1962, 1196-1205',i,
T EXT :The electret effect in Brazilian wax is due to remanent polarization.
After polarization in a powerful electric field (field strength 1.5-15 kv/c )
M)
at elevated temperature (20-700C) the electric field was turned off and the
discharge current I measured. When the discharge current had dropped to:
dis
zero, the specimen was heated and the depolarization current I dep deter-
mining the remanent polarization was measured. The remanent polarization,
which varies very slowly, increases from 1-10-10 to 5-10-8 coulomb/OM2
with Dolarization temperature and electric field strength. Charges
qpposite~ to those of polarization may reach the surface of the electret by
spark-over in the air between the electret and the electrodes or in a
similar way. 7then the external field is switched off, the free charges
of the dielectric are shifted in the internal field of the electret. The
Card 1/3

The phy3ical nature of the ...
3/161/62/004/005/016/055
B125/BIO4
total charge of the electret changes signs a few minutes after its
preparation, reaches a maximum, and then remains virtually constant.
Dooolari,zation is the same both with electrets stored for a long time and
with ""reshly prepared specimens. Owing to the non-zero relaxation time of
free charges, the free charges lag behind the change in remanent polariza-
tion. The delay determines the stable charge 6 - T P/-r of-the ferroelecti-A
where i is the relaxation time of remanent polarization, and i M is that of
the free charge. The formula
X 3f '30 C" - 1)
to
for the time required for the electret charge to pass through zero (a 0)
follows from the formula for the variation in surface charge. Maximum
charge, a , is reached after the time
M
1.==t0_ InP.
Cazd 2/3

The physical nature of the ...
S/181/62/004/005/018/055
B125/B104
The physical nature of remanent polarization has hitherto not been
exnlained. The shift of electrons in the electric field and their
subsequent trapping on the local levels is important for remanent polariza-
tion. There are 6 figures. The most important English-language referenced
is: N. M. Perlman. J. Appl. Phys., 31, No. 2, 356, 1960.
ASSOCIATION:
SUBMITTED:
Fizichoskiy institut im. P. N. Lobodeva AN SSSR Moskva
(Physics Institute imeni P. N. Lebedev AS USSR, Moscow)
Decembdr 23, 1961
Card 3/3

ppwpp
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S/18 02/'004,/007/017/037
I'deasurement of sliort lifetimes... B102YB1'04
discussed. -r is determined front T --2y/w - 5--56-iO_3j9'j/V; 9 is the phase
angle Ifn radians, go the angle of the transmission coefficient for the
U the frequency and w the cyclic frequeno
generator voltage in dec~rees, v
This relation holds if the inequalities
N.0 > Nd,,, (8) rk
'PhdSe detecto..

h3133
5/181/62/004/011/036/049
B108/3102
AUTHORSs Gubkin. "., Kashtanova, A. M., Potapov, Ye. V., and
Solodukhin, A. V.
TITLEt Nonlinear properties and phase transitions in strontium-
bismuth titanates
PERIODICALs Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 4, no. 11, 1962, 3293 - 3300
TEM Earlier work (FTT, 2, 12, 3077, 1960; 3, 4, 1110, 1961) in studying-
the nonlinear properties of the system SrTiO 3- Bi203' MO2 is continued.
The specimens had relaxation properties. The'maxima of the E and tan
versus temperature curves are shifted to higher temperatures when the
frequency of the field applied is increased. The dependences of.C and
tan S on thb field strength, and the hysteresis loop, both have the same
characteristics as those of ferroelectrics, but the characteristic jumps
ol: 6 associated with phase transitions do not occur. This fact supports
the suggestion that the nonlinear properties may be caused by relaxation
polarization, but low-temperature minima of the coefficient of linear
expansion are indicative of phase transitions from the paraelectric into
Card 1/2

Nonlinear properties and phase ...
the ferroelectric state at low temperatures.
ASSOCIATIONs Fizicheskiy institut im. P. N.
(Physics Institute imeni P. N.
SUBMITTED: June 4, 1962 (initially)
july 10, 1962 (after revision)
S/18 62/004/011/036/049
B108YB102
There are 7 figures.
Lebedeva AN SSSR, Moskva
Lebedev AS USSR, Moscow) Vr
Card 2/2

MATSONASHVILI, B.M.
Electret effect in dielectrics. Elaktrichestvo no.8:56-60
Ag 162. (MIRA 15:7)
1. Fizichaskiy izwtitut imerA IAbedeva AN SSSR.
(Dielectrics) (Electrets)

ADIROVICH, E.I.; GUBKIN, A.N.; KOPYLOVSKrf, b.D.
New method for determini1% L;hort lifetimec in p - 11--junctions.
Trudy Fiz. inst. 20:126-171 163. (MIRA 16:9)

GUBKIN, MI., kand.ftA.-mntom.naak
Electrets - new materials for industrial us#, Vest. AN SSSR 33
no.703-76 JI 163. (MIRA 160)
(glectrets)

GUBUN, MI.; KASHTANOVA, A.M.
Electrode polarization in some metal bismuthates. Zhur. fiz.
khim. 37 no-5:1138-1140 My 163. (MIRA 17:1)
1. Fizicheskiy institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva AN SSSR.

84q-6�--- _EWT(1)/EWP(e__)/EPA(6) -Z/ZWT(U)4ZWP(i)APA(w)-2/W LW(b)
~04_
raLA720C Nk, APS028114 JD/QG SOURCE CODE, UlVO048/6!;/029/011/2034/2037
~V\
Alrnl0n: Gubidn.A.N.; Kashtenova A.M.
ONG: now
TITLE: Concerning.the relaxation and ferroelectr1o properties of ~Ismuth tijamteg
lleport , FS!Et!L All-Union Conference on Ferro-electric Ity_ hold at Rootow-on-the Don
"-JLO 00P16an"Mr &WU-1V
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Izvestlys. Seriya, fizicheskaya, v. 29, no. 11, 1965, 2034-2037
21, 9
TOIC TAGS: forroalectric material, 41021actric-constant, dielectric lama, dielectric
relaxation, phase transition, bismuth titansta
ABSTRACT: The dielectric constants and dielectrIc losses of D'20 eft"O cempoixids'With
n 2, 3 and 12 have been measured at tesiperatures f r1am that Of liquid lelium to BOOOK
and frequencies from 50 to- 1. 1 x 106 cycle/see In both strong ~ and weak f ields. The
results obtained for B120 t3T102 are presented graphically and discussed. The mater-
ial was synthesized at 148;o and consisted of a crystalline phase with a very small
admixture of vitreous material. The material was found to be a Iferroelectric with a
diffuse phase transition in the vicinity of liquid nitrogen temperature and to behave
at higher temperatures like a typical relaxation dielectric, exhibiting relaxation
polarization. Hysteresis loops could be observed only at liquid helium temperatures.
I Card 1/2

L 78k9=66--- -
ACC NK: AP5028114
The dielectric. constant maximum in the transition region was -very broad and did no:t
shift with changing frequency. The loss tangent showed two small maxima in or., near the
transition region and a maximum at a higher temperature, which was-very pronounced and
occurred at about 3200K for a frequency of 5 kilocycle/see. The near room temperature
maximum of the loss tangent varied considerably in magnitude and temperature with
changing frequency; at 1.1 megacycle/see this maximum was barely perceptible, the
room temperature loss tangent and dielectric constant being approximately 0.025 and
2.00, respectively. At 800 kilocycle/sec and 293% the reversible dielectric constant
decreased by less than 20% when the bias was Increased from maro to 100 W/ca.~ It In
concluded that dielectrics exist in which ferroelectric and relaxation properties are
closely associated. Orig, art. has: 5 figures.
SUB CODR: 35 SUMN DATS: 00/ ORM -jW: 003 OTH MW: 061L
Lrj ------

ACC NR: AP6013465 SOURCE CODE: iWO13~/66/600/002/0137/0142
AUTHOR: Gubkin, A. H.; Kashtanova, A. M.
ORG: Moscor.AInsti tute of Electronic Machine Construction (Moskovskiy institut elek-
tronnogo mashinostroyeniya)
1V tVq
TITLE: Dielectric polarization of bismuth titamate
SOURCE: IVUZ. Fizika, no. 2, 1966, 13T-142
TOPIC TAGS: bismuth compound, titanate, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, elec-
tric polarization, frequency characteristic, temperature dependence, electric hyste-
resis, ferroelectric effect, relaxation process
ABSTRACT: To check on the anomalous behavior observed in bismuth titanate by many
investigators and to reconcile some of the discrepancies between their results, the
authors have tested polycrystalline bismuth titanate obtained under controlled con-
ditions. The frequency dependence of -the dielectric constant and of the loss angle
were characterized by a decrease of the dielectric constant with increasing frequency
and by a maximum of the loss angle. The dielectric constant decreased from 350 at
about 100 cps to 240 at 109_ 106 cps, while the loss w1le tangent had a max1mum of
0.14 near l03 In
cps and then decreased to 0.01 at 105 - 10 cps. The temperature de-
pendence of the dielectric constant exhibited a maximum near 100K at all frequencies.
At high temperatures (500K) there was a pronounced frequency dependence, characterize
by a rapid rise of the dielectric constant with temperature, especially &t frequen-
Card

ACC NR, Ap6oi3465
cies near 10M cps. Electric hysteresis loops were observed only at liquid-nitrogen
or liquid-helium temperatures. The testa results are analyzed and it is concluded
that bismuth titanate is ferroelectric at temperatures below liquid ii1trogen and hag
relaxation properties at higher temperatures. A hypothesis is advanced that the
ferroelectric properties are possessed by the entire series of bismuth titanate
M203*n=~! with different values of n, and that the forroelectric propeities of
these and similar materials are closely related with relaxation properties. Otig.
art. has: 6 figures.
00 CODE: 2o/ suBm DATz: ujul64/ ond REP: oo6/ om Rv- oo3

GUBEIII, A.S.,inzh.
A.11. Krylov's proposnls for comparRtive evnluAtion of ship designs.
Sudostroanie 24 no.3:1-3 Hr 158. (MIRA 11:4)
(Naval architecture)

GUM) I. M. D E CE AS E ID
,,--e " ~.'v
f -~. See ILC

ii-I'~ipki~T34;Ai-l~-,~.;i,4!R~::Ill,$;!!~~,l~.'I,,4k,ilrill"!~~~li~4jillittll~r"1141zl:A Rill, U IN
4499
BDDK EXPWITATION UIV
1 Koreak v. 4MOr. MOW
Lovyagin, Kikhail Alekaandrovich Vadim KikhUlovichl V
I -Borinovich- Garin. Eduard Vikolayevich; _ vI:h ah Itakovichl 77
Bederman, Alekaandr LIvovich; Braynin, Vydre - h;
T Abr,, 1. akrir
Floating metal docks (Notailicheakiye playuchiye doki) L~ningrad, Izd-vo "Bud*-
stroyeniyell, 64. 0335 p. illus., biblio. Errata slip inserted. 1,7000 copies
printed.
70PIC TAGS: service craft, floating dry dock, marine equipment
PURMSE AND ODVERAGE: The book is a generalization on experience in the desiplag,
building ... d operation of metal docks, Theoretical rossaimb results an ""411
theory and strength of docks conducted during last 15 yes" are included.
The book contains data determining parts, weight for designed docks, forwil"
giving the advantageous height important for strength, for floating during longit
inal launching etc. Special chapter is dedicated to a metbod.compiling A",
'am
Used for dock designing. The book Is intended for engineers and technic
dA W"ful
working an designing, building and operation of floating docks. Iti
Ll,~D for students of shipbuilding higher technical schw1s, Indow ties and
schcoI64
C-Ord, 113- .

1 445
1&65
AM501 97
TAMX OF CONTENTS (abridged):
Introduction - - 3
Ch. 1. General information and classification of floating docks9
Ch. 11. Some operating problems of floating docks 22
Ch. III. Problems in the theory of vessels - -36
Ch. IV. Construction and design of floating dock huns -- !14
1. The main hull construction - - 54
2* Auxiliary dock otructure. - - 63
3. Some problem in desigining and construction of dock bull& 77
Ch. V. Strength of floating docks - - 94
1. General characteristic of the external force affecting the floating dooke
Strength norms for the floating docks - - 94
2. Interaction between the floating dock and the vessel 101
3. Calculation of the total longitudinal strength of the dock - ft US
4. Calculation of the tital crosa-stetional strengtb of the dock
5. Calculation of the hull torsion strength of the dock - - 172
6. Calculation of the sectional strength of tht floating astal dock - - 08
7. Calculation of the floating dock strength darl" lavachisp, dedtings
and &W-docking ova ties 213
1cwd 213

L 44556-65
AH5012697
8. Deformation determination, strength control and experimental strength.
testinr of the docks 221
Ch. VI. Dock installations 228
Ch. VIL Syatemn 246
Ch. VIII. Power plants an the docks 256
Ch. IX. Special designation docks - 270
Ch. X. Special forms of vessel docking - - 283
Ch. XI. Determination of exterior and operating dimensions of the floating dodo
iplag fl do
Ch. XII. Compilation of teshalool problems for des as" do
-Bibliography 326
-SUBMITUM 275op6k' SUB 00091 0
No RM S"I 081 UfXMI On
cwd-3/3-

10(2)
1UTHORt --Gubkin, K.Y& (Moscow) SOV/40-22-4-23/26
T-ITLEs The--Prop&gation of Discontinuities in Sound Waves
(Rasprostraneniya razry-vov v zvukovykh volnakh)
PERIODICALt Prikladnaya matematiks i mekhanika,,1956,Vol 22, Nr 4,
PP 561 - 564 (USSR)
IBSTRLCT:
Card 1/ 2
The author-presents a solution of-the equation of gas dy-
nanter-by-whtakrIke, propagatrkom- of- waves- of - small amplitude
is- cleaartted, 'The, witth- of"the, disturbed region is assumed
to'be-mmall compared, with the characterizing measurements of
the-flow-problen. -The-- magni*ade-of -the diwt-uTbmrd-rvCi:-on is
essentially 'aharactert zed- bry-that length- an which the
essential properti-ew- of- the wave sys-tem conuide-rably change
in the direction of-mation-of the wave front. The non-limea-r
character-of, the- count-dered"'form- of, motion partioularl-y'ap-
pears, if the wave-passes-through a region whieh considerr-
ably- exceeds: the width- of the 'disturbed region. It causes a
modi-fication- of --the- waver profile and -the, format-ion of dis.
cobtinuities in it. The consideration of the non-linear
factors moreover leads to an additional damping of the im-

The Propagation of Discontinuities in Sound Waves SOY/40-22-4-23/26
pact front. The obtained resulto can be specialized for
special caseso e.g-* the propagation of spherical or cy-
limdrical- waveir in, w resting medium and then
coincide-with rexultivebtained by other authers.
The-'axtftor-rtartw--frozl*h~ busia-'equationig of-mation of a
compressible &awl and se-tv xjr -the conditions for the ch&-
racterietton of the flow pr*blew.-Lfter a detailed dis-
cusal-ort- of the- differen* ~ tTpvv of characteristics the pro-
pagation-of dtxvcmtinuI-*ivw---*f mmll a7splitude in in-
vestigatedtin detail amd thaw a-probles-of geometric
acoustics In consider*#. Tjr* v"#** *1 application of the
general formulas-derived is the paper are discussed for homo-
geneous and nonhozogensono media under different boundary
evnditioNs.
There are 6 reference@, 3 of which are Soviet, and 3
English.
SUBMITTEDt March 4, 1958
Card 2/2

GUBKIN, K. Ye.
Cand Phys-Math Sci - (diss) "Shock waves of low amplitude in
non-uniform atinosphere.11 Moscow, 1961. 7 PP; (Moscow State
Univ imend M. V. Lomonosov, Scientific Research Inst of Mech-
anics); 200 copies; price not given; (KL, 7-61 sup, 218)
D..
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Nonlinear geometric acoustics and its applications. S/763/611000/000/006/013
tude of the wave, ~as can be found from the equations of hydrodyn~n-.iics. The same
difference also is encountered in the speed of.the shock front in comparison with
the speed of propagation of the perturbations. Tim's a nonlinear distortion oi the
-wave occurs. The points of the wave profile with great amplitude move with a
greater speed than those points of the profile in which the deviations from the Un-
perturbed, state: are smaller. Thus,. linear thaory supplies valuOti that ara, V&Iid for
the small- per turbati on points, but a distortion occurs that.grow~ with time. Thus,
~.Iinear theorIy is in effect limited to short time periods only. Upon propagation 'of
waves over great distances the nonlinear effects lead to the formation of discontinu-
ities in the. sound waves (if their' ihitial form was continuous), and to a supplam,~n-
tary change in.the amplitude of the shock front as compared with that obtained by
linear acoustics. The resulting changes in amplitude are eXplored theoretically,
and the results obtained are employed for the calculation of; the Amplitude, impose,
and time of action of aerial blast waves arising from explosions in the atmosphere.
The effect of the passage of a blast wave along a solid surface (the earth) L'S~ CXaM-
ined, including the passage of such a.wave in the direction of a.I.Vind with a wind
velocit -t with height, in which instance the wave- front.gradually becomes
y increasing 0
inclined and a Mach reflection on the Earth increases the pressuie, on the Earth's
The diffraction proble
surface. m arising in the motion of a wave against' the wind
-in the vicinity of the Earth is also examined. These effects are found to be
Card.2/3

AZARENKOp B.S., kand. tol(lin. naulcj AFANASIYEV, V,D., ),and. toldui. nauk;
BROWWI~ M.Ya.t inzh.; VAVILOV, M.F.9 inzh.; VKMUK, A.B., inzlk.;
GOLUBKOV, K.A.; GUBKTN S rA-. 1~ GUREVICH, A.Ye.p
inzh.; DAVYDOV, J., kand. tekhn. nauk; DROW, V.G., inzh.;
YEW01MEV, N.F., inzh.;'ZHUKEVICH-STOSHA, Ye.A., inzh.; KIRILD4,
N.M., kand. tekhn. nauk; ~OVYNEV, I.I.V., inzh.; KOGOS, A.M., inzh.;
KOROLEV, A.A., prof.; KUGAYENKO, M.Ye., inzh.; LASKIN, A.V., inzh.;
LEVITANSKIY, B.A., inzh.; LUGOVSKrY, V.M., inzh.; MEYEROVIC11, I.M.,
kand. tekhn. nauk; OWUL-51OV, M.S.p inzh.; PASTI~IINAKP V.I., inzh.;
PERLIN, I.L., doktor tekhn. nauk; POBEDIN, I.S., kand. tekhn. nauk;
ROKOTYAN, Ye.S... doktor tekhn. nauk; SAFIYAN, M.M., kand. teklm.
nauk; SMIRNOV, V.V., kand. tekhn. nauk-; WIR11011, V.S.; SOKOLOVSKIY,
O.P.., inzh.; SOLOV"YEV, O.P., inzh.; SIDOUEVICH, Y.A., inzh.;
TRETIYAKOV, Ye.M., inzh.; TRISHLrVSKIY, I.S., Icand. tekhn. nauk;
KIMIKIN, G.N.,, irizh.; TSELIKOV, A.I.; GORODINGIONKO, V.M., red.
izd-va; GOLUBCHIK, A.M., red. izd-va; rLM-'CV, V.A., red. izd-va;
DOBUZHINSKAYA, L.V., tekhn. red.
[Rolling; a handbook] Prokatnoe proizvodstvo; spravochnik. Pod
red. E.S.Rok-otiana. Moskva, 14etallurgizdat. Vol.l. 1962. 743 p.
1. Akademiya nauk BSSR (for Gubkin). 2. Chlen-kor(r'e"sRpoAnie':ni)Akademii
nauk SSSR (for Smirnov, TSelikov).
(Rolling (Metalwor))-Handbooks, manuals, etc.)

Gubkin, S. L., Yushkov, A. V. and Dobrovol'skiy, S. 1.
.. .... _.-
"Exploration of the Causes of Stratification of 1.1,etal (in Plane of
the Flash Gutter) During Closed-Die Fcv-ing", pp 16-20, kkademiya Nauk
B.S.S.R., Sbornik N,-uchnykh Trudov, Vol 2, Minsk, 1955, 250 D--).

Gubkin, S. L. and Mitskevich, N. L.
"Distribution of Normal Stresses on the Contact Surface During Open Die
Upsettine of Meta2s", Sbornik Nauchnov Trudov, Vol 2, Publishine House
of the Academy of Sciences, Belorussian S.S.R., Minsk, 1955, 250 pp.

BARSUKOV, N.I., karid.sel'i3kokliozyEiifitvenriykh nauk; KIZYURI11, A,D., doktor
sellskokhozyaystvennykh nauk; HORINEVICH, V.A., kand.sellskokhozyay-
stvonnyk-h natik; BORHUSOVA, S.N., agronom; URKA11IGjfi:YA, M.D., kand,
sellskokhozyaystvennykh nauk; GNSHELIC, N.M., doktor biol. nauk;
GOROKHOV. G.I., kand.sel'Bkokhozyaystverinykh neuk;
Imnd. vtiterinaraykh nauk; YELYKOVA, L.I., kand.sellskokhozyaystven-
nykh neuk; KOTT, S.Y., doktor biol. nauk; KOCHKINA, V.A., agronom;
WtBIN. A.Z., doktor biol.neuk; LF-BOAVA, Ye.H., agronom;
MhU101OVSKIY. A.Ye., doktor Bell skokhozyaystvonnylrh nsuk; KAYBORODA.
N.M., kand. sell skokhozyaystvennykh nauk; MATI)ANYUK. A.-E., zootekhnik;
OVSYALNIKOV, G.Ye.. kand.sel'skokhozyaystvennykh nau1c; RKTRO7, V.A.,
kand.biol.nauk; POGOIWL4)V, F.F., agronom; POLKOSHNIKOV, M.G., doteent;
REHAILD, G.K., kand. sellskokhozyaystvennykh nauk; RUCHKIN, V.N..
prof.; SADYRIIJ. H.H., kand. sell skokhozya3rstvennykh nauk; TOBOLISKIY,
V.YA.. vetvrach; TYAZHSLINIKOV, S.D., kEind.sel'skokhozyaystvennykh
nauk; UKHO. I.I., kand. sell sk-okhozyaystvennvkh nauk; PEDOROV. GJ.,
kand.sellskokhozyayntvounykh nauk; CHIMOV, D-L, zootokhnik;
TSIIWOVATOV, V.A., Drof.; SHVICTSOVA, A.H.. kand.s9ll8kokhozysystven-
zWkh nauk; SHHUYAdIN, A.L. kand. sell skok-hozyaystvenaykh nauk;
SHMENOVSKlY. A.A., red.; GOLUBINSKAYA. Ye.li.. red.; 119CHAYNVA, Ye.G.,
red.; PARNSYPKIIIA, 4Z.D., tekhnirbeskiy red.
[Siberian agronomist's reference manuall Spravochnaia kniga agronom
Sibirl. Hcskva, GOB. Izd-vo sellkhoz. lit-ry, Vol.2. 1957. 839 P.
(Siberia--Agriculture) (HIRA 11:3)

sov/84-58-9-27/51
AUTHOR: -Gubkin, V., (a hunter)
TITLE: Huntin Wolves from a Helicopter (Na volkov-- s ver-
toleM
PERIODICAL: Grazhdanskaya aviatsiya, 1958p Nr 9, p 21 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This is a short report on hunting wolves from a helicop-
ter near Moscow. The helicopter is found to be more
useful for this purpose than conventional aircraft.
Card 1/1

'' ;: : i I .. - .!. 4;" '11 .1. . 1! ~ I : I .
GL;BKIN.. V.A. (Zaporozhlya)
Preparing the foundation bed for large-,panel bul'Iflngs in
Zaporozhlye. Oun., fund. i mekh. grun. 7 no.3:211-22 16',
(MIRA 18:6)

7 !!'! !I,,, :- 1 11, if,: p 'I ;'! - -1 1 , ~ I , .. 1~ , -I I rT ~
CHISTOV, V.A., inzh.;.GUBKIR, V.I., inzh.
Working raises vith deep blast holes. -Bezop.truda v prom.
4 no.9:26-27 S 160. (HIPA 13:9)
(KursK14agnetic komaly --Mining engineerine)

VILICHINSKIY, Yu..; GUBKIN, Ye.; IDBATORIN, 0.; CHIKOV, B.
Ibmmining the -precision of sighting when pointing on different marka.
Trudy mimix no.41:39-" ,6o. (MIRA 13:U)
1. Ufedra goodesil Moskovskogo instituts.inshenerov geodzU,
aerofotoemyemki I kartografti.
(Triangulation)

.-- GUBKINI YU.V.
Ruler for processing the records of the formation of an
electromagnetic field. Razved.i prom.geofiz. no.43:98-101
162. (MIRA 15:8)
(Electromagnetic prospecting) (Oscillograph)

; f
17 (.6)
AUTIIICH'.'): Gubkina., A. P., Korneyev, !. A.
TITLI,': Cases of Tick Encephalitis Can 2e Prc-ventr,-~
kleshchevym entsefalitom mozhno predup-rHit''.
PERICDICAL: Geodeziya i kartoSrafiya, 1959, Nr PP 71-7'~ (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Tick encephalitis has been invostigr~foi for ?C yoarn. Tt 13
an acute infectuous disease which c[Minly th,! central
nervous system.,and often results in disability %nd even in
death. The tick encephalitis virva is transinitted to man ma:Ln_ll
by pasturing animals. The incubation period is 7 to 21 clays.
tfter hibernation the ticks first appear in mid-April or
mid'-.Alay (Primorlye or high-mountain Taiga in tho Sovi-~t Par
East). They are most active in the mornings in.: ~2venin '--3. The
majority of infectione in men occur in May to J,,in-:!. In the
paper tinder consideration measures for the prcvention of the
infection are indicated. The first measures were
scientifically founded and developed in the U337? by Ye. 'i.
Povlovskiy, Academician. The beat prot-'iction fr:,n t-*~ckzl-
consists in special clothing. This clothing -rj *-:..,-*,c.";!
Besides, ever-,one must, at intervals of 5-11 hou n~. r, x n ni i n o
Card 1/2 hii,-.solf ~)n viell as others. A descrintion is given of ,-hali-. has
4-1.

Cases of Tick Encephalitis Can Be Preventer! -30V./,-) - 5,; -:; -2 21/2 6
to be done.in the case of the tick havin- embedded itself in
-';1
the skin and bf how to remove the tick. It is recommended
to soak clothes in dimethyl ah-1--halate, a procedure to be
repeated every 5-7 days. For first aid, the medicine chest
by Profesdor A. N. Shapoval is recommended. Animals, grass,
and shrubs are to be'treated with DDT and hexachlorane. -
Team Nr 217 of the Dallnevostochnoyo AGP (Soviet Far East
Aerogeodetic Enterprise) in 1956 took all measures for the
control of the infection, and have succeeded in completely
preventing the occurrence of tick encephalitis. The
individual measures are indicated. There are A Sovict
references.
Card 2/2

GUBKINA, A.-P,
Work in health protection and reducing the morbidity incidence.
GeodA kart. nD.6.-69-71 Je 162. (KMA 15t8)
(Industrial hygiene)

84-58-2-23/46
AUTHOR: Razumov, I., Candidate of Technical Sciencess and Kvitka,
V.,, Gubkinat G,,, Engineers
TITLE: Noise Characteristics of the Tu-104 Airliner (Kharakte-
ristiki shuma, sozdavayemogo samoletom Tu-lo4)
PERIODICAL: Grazhdanskaya aviatsiya, 1958, Nr 2. pp 19-21 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The artiole Is a report on the results of noise level
tests carried out in the State Scientific Research In-
stitute with the Tu-104 jet and the Il-14 conventional
airliners. The results of tests are compared with each
other and with those of the French Caravelle jet air-
craft. The conclusion is that the Tu-104, flying at
375 m. altitude and rated engine speed creates a noise
level at a listening station placed 4 0500 m. from the
take-off point equal to that of the 1,-14 plane passing
at an altitude of 200 m, The noise level of the Tu-104
Card 1/2

84-58-2-23/46
Noise Characteristics of the Tu-104 Airliner
is of the same order as that of the Caravelle and other foreign jet
aircraft. Three diagrams and two tables accompany the text.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2 1: Airplane noise-Test results 2. TU-10h(Airplane)-USSR
3 11-14(Airplane)-USSR

sov/84-58-7--22/46
AUTHORS: Kvitka, V., Gubkina, G., Engineers
Invest'____________3o
TITLE: New Lgations of ME" Level of the Tu-104
at Take-off (Novyye issledovaniya shuma Tu-104 na
vzlete)
PERIODICAL: Grazhdanskaya aviatsiya, 1958, Nr 7, pp 24-25 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors refer in an Introductory note to an article
concerning the noise characteristics of the Tu-104 published in
the February issue of this periodical. The present article re-
lates the results of continued investigations, especially at
take-off, and at 20-250 C ambient temperature. The results are
given In the text and on'a chart, while a table gives the noise
levels of other aircraft, including several foreign airliners
for comparison. Recommendations are given on how to accomplish
a take-off with minimum disturbance for neighboring populated
areas.
Card 1/1

GUBKINA, M.F.
Sme clinjoal elootroaardiographic data on patients with obli-
terating endarteritio, Trudy molo nauche sotre MONIKI no.19
174-lT7 159 (MIRA 16tll)
1. Iz 2-y terap%icheskoy kliniki. (zav.prof. N.A. Allbov)
Moskovskogo obla . ogo nauchno-ineledovatellokogo kliniches-
kogo inatituta, imeni Vlad.LmirBkogo.

1 1 , : I I . 7 , !, .r. .,. !x, , . , , , ,
.,:I ij. - , I , I , , . , x I
TOKHTUYZVp G.V., kand.geologo-mineralogichaskikh nauk;_-qIpg!4p I.Np geology
Structure of Krivoy Rog rocks and ores. Sbor. nauch. trud. NIGRI
no,205-114 159* (MA Iia)
(Krivoy Rog Basin-Miner&1017)
or

BELEVTSEV, Ya.N.; BEYGULEVKO, I.L.; BETIN, D.I.; BORISENKO, V.G.;
,-N.N.; DZHEDZAWV, A.T.; ZHILKINSKIY, S. I... prof.;
ZALATA, L.F.; KAZAK, V.M.; MALYUTIN~ Ye.I.; MUROHTSEVA, Z.G.;
NATAROV, V.D., doktor geol.-miner. nauk: FMASENKO,, V.N.;
PITADZ, A.A.; RADUTSKAYA, P.D.; SLEKTOR 1, S.M.; SMIRNOV, D.I.:
TOKHTUYEV, G.V., kand. geol.-min. nauk; FOMENKO, V.Yu.;
SLENZAK, 0.1., red.izd-va; MATVEYCHUK, A.A., tekhn. red.
[Methodological guide for the geological servipe for the
prospecting and mining of Krivoy Rog type deposits) Metodiche-
skoe rukovodstvo dlia razvedochnoi i rudnichnoi geologicheskoi
sluahby mestorozhdenii krivorozhskogo tipa. Pod red. U.N.
BoUvtseva. Kiev, Izd-vo AN USSR, 1963. 395 p.
(MIRA 16:12)
1. Krivoy Rog. Gornoradnyy inatitut. 2. Chlen-korrespondezrt
AN Ukr.SSR (for Belevtsev).
(Krivoy Rog Basin-Engineering geology)

LEVI NA, Z.I.; SHIRMAN, A.G.; GUBKIIJA, Ye., red.; VAYS14AII. M.. izd.red.;
GOL IDFEL ID, Ya. , t akh-K. -
[Principlfts of machine manufacturing] 09novy mashinostroentia.
Podbor tekstov, soat. uprazhnenti, kommentarila I slovaria Z.I.
Levinol i A.G.Shirman. Moskva, Izd-vo llt~ry na inostre iazykakh,
1958. 134 p. [Text In German with German-Ruissian dictionary.]
(Machinery) (MIRA 1p-..1)

ARDOVA, 114ra Vladimirovna. Prinimal uchastlye MELINIKOV, N.A., prof.;
AUBKINA, Xt6, red.; DANILOVA, V., red.izd-va,- YE71HOVA, L.L.,
tekhn. red.
(A German reader on electrical engineering] Khrestomatiia po
elektrotekhnike na zemetakom iazyke. 2.izd. Moskva, Vysshaia
shkola, 1963. 97 p. (MIRA 16:5)
(Electric engineering)
(German language-Technical.Derman)