SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT AKOLZIN, P.A. - AKOPDZHANYAN, G.D.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000100710009-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 5, 2000
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

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PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION 386
Akollzin, Pavel Alekseyevich
Korroziya metalla parovykh kotlov. (corrosion of Metal in Steam
Boilers) Moscow, Gosenergoizdat, 1957. 223 P. 6,900 copies
pi?inted.
Ed.:- Belosellskiy B.S.; Tech. Ed.: Medvedev, L. Ya.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for operational personnel, engineers
and technicians, for workers of research, design,~and
planning organizations, and for students at power-engineer-
ing and chemical institutes.
COVERAGE: The book deals with the basic types of steam boiler cor-
rosion and means of preventing it. Attention is focused
chiefly oneorrosion by oxygen, intererystalline corro-
sion, and corrosion developing under boiler sludge ("sub-
sludge" corrosion). Corrosion of boilers used in the.
production of heat and power is given special consider-
ation. The monograph incorporates the results of the
more recent investigations conducted by the Water Depart-
me,nt of the Vsesoyuznyy Teplotekhnicheskiy Institut
Card 1/6

Corrosion of Metal in Steam Boilers
386
(All-Union Heat and Power Institute) in the field of boiler
corrosion. The author expresses hi8 thanks to the following
personalities affiliated with the institute: Glushenko, V.V.,
scientific worker; Mikhaylova, N.M., technician; Ananlyeva, NeI.,
technician; and to certain personalities employed at power plants
who participated in experfmental'work; Zaytseva, Z.I.;
Kolodeznyy, B.A.;'*Lazareva K.I.; Akinshina, N.V.; Pushenko, M.A.;
Subbotin, N.A.; Chernova, L.A.'; Shevchenko, V.I.;$ Shugayu, G.A.;
and Yushin, D.A. Other personalities whose assistance is acknowl-
edjpd ~Lre: Mamet, A.P., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Author of
Korroziya teplosilovogo oborudovaniya elektrostantsiy (corrosion
of Heat and Power Equipment at Electric Power Plants, 1952);
Tomashov, N.D., Doctor of Chemical Sciences; and Zhuk, N.P.,.
Candidate of Chemical Sciences. There are 74 references, of
which 55 are soylqt.,, 14 English, and 5 German.
Card 2/ 6

Corrosion of Metal in Steam Boilers 386
TABLE OF
CONTENTS:
Preface 5
Ch. I. Essentials of the Theory of Electrochemical
Corrosion 7
1. Basic thermodynamic and kinetic principles of
corrosion processes 7
2. Behavior of cathodic areas 17
3. Behavior of anodic areas 21
4. Diagram of the corrosion process 25
5. Multi-electrode corrosion systems 28
Ch. II. Oxygen Corrosion of Steam Boilers 32
1. Experimental investigation of the conditions
causing oxygen corrosion 32
2. Investigation of the role of oxygen in corrosion 36
Card 3/6

Corrosion of Metal in Steam Boilers 386
Ch. IV. Intercrystalline Corrosion of Steam Boilers 112
1. The nature of intercrystalline corrosion of boiler
met al 112
2, Intercrystalline corrosion of steam boilers as en-
countered in actual experience 119
3. Results of investigating the mechanism and factors
of corrosion 127
4. Methods of preventing interorystalline corrosion 146
Ch. V. Corrosion of Steam Boilers Developing Beneath the
Sludge 170
1. Types of damage 170
2. Results of investigating the mechanism and factors
of corrosion 175
3. Carbon dioxide corrosion and methods of preventing it 195
4. Corrosion during down time of equipment and methods
of preventing it 207
Card 5/6

ZHUK, Nikolay Platonovich. kand.tekhn.nauk: AKOLIZIN, P.A.. kand.tekhn.
nauk, retsenzent; SLOHYANSKAYA, red.;
TAIROVA, A.L., red.izdatelletva; MATVEYEVA, Ye.N., tekhn.red.
[Corrosion and the protection of metals; computations] Korroziia
i zashchita metallov; raschety. Moskva, Gos.nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo
mashinostroit.lit-ry, 1957. 330 P. (MIRA 11:1)
(Corrosion and anticorrosives)

8(6)
SOV/ 112-59 -2-2517
Translation from: Ref erativnyy zhurnal. Elek-trotekhnika, 19 59, Nr 2. p 34 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Akol'zin, P. A., and Ratner, A. V.
----------------- -----
TITLE: Transcrystallite Corrosion of Metal in High-Pressure Boiler Drums and
Tubes (Mezhkristallitnaya korroziya metalla barabanov i trub kotlov il
*sokogo
davleniya)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Vnutrikotloviye fiz. -khim. protsessy, vodopodgotovka i vodn.
rezhim kotlov na elektrost. vysokikh i sverkhvysokikh parametrov. M.,
AS USSR, 1957, pp 384-395
ABSTRACT: An instrument is described which is used for investigating trans-
crystallite corrosion of metal subjected to pressures of over 100 atm. The
instrument is equipped with chlorine-silver and nickel electrodes for electro-
chemical measurements. Ten such instruments were placed in an air
thermostat at 320OC; a pressure of 100 atm was created inside the samples
and a stress of about 25 kg/mm2 was set up in the weakened part of the sample.
Card 1J1

SOV/112-59-2.-2517
Tra,uscrystallite Corrosion of Metal in-High-Pressure Boiler Drums and Tubes
The aggressiveness of the medium was evaluated by the time required for
flaw formation in the sample neck. This action was compared with~the. sample
bel~avior in a certainlyinoncorrosive distillate. Effect of the density of
polarizing (anodic or cathodic) current on the time of flaw formation.is
explained. The influence of niter and other salts as well as some organic
substances upon the above process was studied. AnanalysiB of cases of
trans crystallite corrosion of high-pressure boilers is presented. An inference
is drawn that the transcrystallite corxosion is more severe in high--preEsure
boilers than in medium-pressure; flawk are also formed in the drum body when
the boiler -water has a low alkalinity (3. 5 mg-equiv/liter). Methods of
controlling the trans crystallit e'corro s ion are recommended: elimination of
high stresses, nitrate treatment (up to 70 atm gauge), and phosphate-alkaline
purity of boiler water.
A. P. M.
Card Z/?.

-1543
,.AUTHOR: Akollzin P.A0, Candidate of Technical Sciences Kagan, D.Ya.,
-M-n-ald-a-fe-of Technical Sciences and Kot A.A., 6andidate of
Technical Sciences (All-Union Thermo-technical Institute
V.T.I.)
TITIE: Concerning alkali-safe conditions of boiler water. (0 shchel-
ochnobezopasnykh rezhimakh kotlovoy vod-).
PERIODICAL: "Teploenerg2tika" (Thermal Power), Vol. 4, No. 6,
pp,. 32 - 35 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT: The main cause of inter-crystallite corrosion of the metal
of boiler drums is the aggressive action on stressed metal
of boiler water concentrate. Damage is promoted by the pres-
ence in the boiler water of corrosive alkalif the concentrat-
ion ofvhich may reach dangerous values because of local
evaporation of water. At temperatures above 300 OC, which
are usually found in high p:cessure steam boilers, signs of
inter-cry'stallite corrosion appear with a 57o solution of
caustic soda.
The most acceptable condition of boiler water v&ich ensui:,;-
the absence of inter-crystallite corrosion in high and super-.'-
high pressure boilers is to maintain in them zero hydrate
i.e. purely phosphate alkalinity. This is achieved by intro-
ducing into the boiler water various phosphate salts of
sodium. The absence of an accumulation of caustic soda in
evaporating water containing purely phosphate alkalinity and
Card.1/4

643
Concerning alkali-safo conditions of boiler water. (Cont.)
also the ability.of sodium phosphate to passivate steel make
the zero-hydrate-alkaline condition a reliable means of
preventing inter-crytallite corrosion. However, in practice
certain aspects of this practice require to be cleared up.
The maximum alkalinity can be determined on the assumption
that all of the alkalinity is due to the presence of the most
alkaline compound -NaAPOLL, The lower limit is set by the
condition of preventi.Ag 6cale-formation and general corrosion,
for which it is usually taken that the alkalinity titrated
against phenol-phthalein is equal to 9 mg/l (pH approx.10).
A graph is plotted showing the change in the upper limit
of the alkali number of boiler water und LO given conditions
as a function of the concentration of PR . A graph is
plotted of the ratio of the alkalinity to phenol-phthalein
to thattD methyl-orange of boiler water from the salty
section against the value of this ratio in the clean section,
with a boiler pressure of 110 atm. In practice a purely
phosphate alkalinity can only be maintained-in condensing
power stations, the boilers of which are supplied with high
quality condensate mrith make-up from distillate from evap-
orators or de-salted water. A graph is plotted of the
quantity of caustic soda formed in the salty sections of
boilers with different hardnesses caused by the presence of
calcium and magnesium bicarbonates in the feed water. The
data shows that the concentration of caustic soda in the

643
Conceming alkali-safe conditions of boiler water. (Cont.)
salty sections increases with increase in hardn,~ss of the feed
water. A table is given showing the amount of sodium
phosphate which should be added to the feed water for various
degriees of hardness of the water. Tests have established that
if the excess hydrate alkalinity reckoned as caustic soda is
15 to 20% of the sodium sulphate content of the boiler water
the water will be safe in respect of inter-crystallite
corrosion. It is also shown that sulphate in a mixture with
an equal quantity of chloride if their total content is 15
to 20% of the hydrate alkalinity, can also prevent the form-
ation of inter-crystallite corrosion. The presence in the
boiler water of chloride is useful in preventing general
alkaline corrosion.
It is concluded that the condition of pure phosphate
alkalinity of boiler water in boilers without stepwise evapor-
ation is maintained (on the basis of the index given in the
a3:ticle), according to the maxinnim content of excess concen-
tration of phosphates being not above 40 mg/1 reckoned as P03-
4
and a mini mim alkaline number of about 9 mg/l NaOH. Control
over the condition of puiely phosphate alkalinity of boilers
with stepwise evaporation is effected by analysis of the
boiler watex from the last stage of evaporation. The maxinnim
concentration of excess phosphates in this stage should be of

or takhn.nauk; DLNILMO, D.A., kand,tekhn.nauk;
.A., Inzh.; KulAkofj M.A., lnzh.; SHMUYLOVICH, I.U-.,
inzh. .I
Prevention of hydrogen corrosion by meant of hydrazine*
Teploanergetika 4 to.11:95 N 157. (Min 10% 10)
(7sed-water purification)
I

AEOLIZIN P A doktor tokbu. nauk; GLIVSMMO, V.V,, inzh.; LLZAMA, K.I.,
fin-s-K-F.'OHISTTAXOT, A.L. Insh.
An installatlo3 for do-oxygenation of water. Teploonergetika 4 no.12t
54-57 V 157. (Km loal)
1e Tassoyasayy toplotekhMahookly inetitut.
(Pbod-wate'r Purification)

0. GURVICH, S.M.; XOTLYAR9 RvVD; KOT* A.A**, ~WMTP A*P.1t,
INKO, 1-.S.-* MKHOROV, 1P.G.-, SOKOLOV, I.M.; CHEMVA, L.A.;.
p ~
SHKROB, M.S.; TANNOVSKIT, I.A.; GURIVICH, L.S.; POLYAKOV, V.V.
To the editors of 'Imergetik.0 'Energetik 5 u0-3TII;Ai 157.
(XLRA 100)
1. Yseso"nyy toplotekbnichaskiy inatitut im. Dzerzhinskogo (for
AkO112in, Kot, Yankovskiy) 2. TSentrallnyy kotoloturbinny7 inatitat
(for Gurvich, HOMO 3. Teplo-alaktro-proeh (for Gurevich)ANi-
nisterstva alaktrostantmiy (for Kotlyar, Prokhorov). 5. Toplovaya
elaktricheak~ya tsentralinara stantsiya Ro.9 (for Mikhaylanko, Polya-
kov) 6. Perevyazochnyy etapny7 punkt (for Sokolov)- 7- Moskovskoye
rayounoyo upravlaniya anorgokhozyaystva (for Chernova). 8.1nergoti-
chaskiy instit-ft Almdamii nauk SSSR (for Shkrob).
(Boilers)

AUMORS: SOV/96-,58-10-13/25
Z
2
Za3rtseT frineer)
Eng
Lazareva, K.I. (Engineer)
TITLEt The prevention of o:xygen and carbonic acid corrosion of power
equipment by means of octadecylamine, (Preduprezhdeniye kislorodnoy
i ugletkislotnoy korrozii energeticheakogo oborudovaniya ff pomospWyu
oktadetsilamina)
PEFLIODICALs Teploenergetika, 1958, No.10. pp. 54-55 (USSR)
ABSTRALCT: At regional power station No.7. of L6nenergo, a considerable
proportion of the boiler feed-water is condensate returned from
industrial consumers; it contains up to 2 =g11 oxygen and
4 - 5 mg11 COg. The presence of these gases gives rise to corrosion
troubles, which are described. The troubles occur largely on
consumers' equipment where it is not possible to remove the oxygen
and carbon dioxide. Accordingly, ociadecylamine, a film-forming
substanoo, la added to the steam. The main proportion of
Octadecylamine are stated. It is protective because adsorbed
monomolecular film fOrms on metal surfaces wetted by water
containing it. At the power station, octadecylamine was added to
the turbine pass-out steam by means of the measuring device
illustrated in the sketch. This device comprises two tanks, one
Card 1/2 of which contains the molten reagent runder steam pressure.

The prevention of oxygen and carbonic acid corrosion of SOV/96-58-lo-13/25
power equipment by means of octadecylamine.
Steam is bubbled through the molten mass to pick up the required
quantkty,armaterial. Preliminary operating results can now be
given. The method of injecting the octadecylamine proved
satisfactory in service. When the concentration of the substance
in the steam was 3 - 4 mg/kg, the iron content of the condensate
was reddoed by a factor of 10 to a stable value of 0.05 mg/1 Fe.
This occurred on the third day after the reagent was first used.
There have been no unfavourable effects, except for the appearance
of a little ammonia in the boiler steam. Steam without additive
can be delivered for some hours without ill effect. Attempts will
be made to replace octadecylamines by a cheaper mixture of
polyamine homologues. This met-had of treatment will probably be
useful in other applications. There is I figure.
ASSOCIATIONs All-Union Thermo-Technical Institute (Vaesoyuznyy Teplotekhnicheskiy
Institut)
Card 2/2

AKOLIZIN,,__- !t~~i,,KOZEYEVA, L.V.
[Studying corrosion under stress of steels as applicable
to the operation of steam generators in atomic power
plants) Izuehenie korrozii pod napriazheniem stalei prime-
nitelsno k rabote parogeneratorov atomnykh elektrostantsii.
Moskva3 Glav.upr. po ispolizovaniiu atomnoi energii, 1960.
23 p. (MIRA 17:1)
(Steel, Stainless-Corrosion)
(Atomic power plants)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/5256
Gerasimov, Valentin Vladimirovich, ed., Candidate of Chemical Sciences.
Korroziya reaktornyk~ materialov; sbornik statey (Corrosion of Nuclear-
Reactor Materials; a Collection of Articles) Moscow, Atomizdat, 1960.
284 p. 3, 700 copies printed.
Ed.: A. I. Zavodchikova; Tech. Ed. : Ye. 1. Mazell.
PURPOSE: This collection of articles is intended for mechanical and
metallurgical engineers as well as for scientific research workers con-
cerned with the construction of nuclear reactors.
COVERAGE: The water corrosion of various types of stainless steel and
alloys under high pressures and temperatures is investigated from the
point of view of the use of these materials for the construction of nuclear
reactors. Attention is given to the following: the use of oxygen for pro-
tecting steel against corrosion, the behavior of steel in high- temper atur e
Card liB

Corrosion of Nuclear- (Cont.) SOV/5256
water with various compositions, factors of metal stress corrosion,
intergranular corrosion, the mechanism of corrosion cracking, and the
corrosion resistance of aluminum and zirconium alloys. Conclusions
based on test results are included. No personalities are mentioned.
Most of the articles are accompanied by references. Of 238 references
97 are Soviet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword
PART L METHODS OF INVESTIGATING WATER
AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES
Gulyayev, V. N. , and P.,~ ~oVz * Methods of Testing the Corro-
sion-Creep Strength of Metals at High Pressures and Temperatures
Card-2j.Q-

Corrosion of Nuclear-(Cont.
SOV/5256
of the Environment 5
Gerasimov, V. V. A. I. Gromova, A. A. Sabinin, and E. T.
Shapovalov. An Autoclave for Electrochemical Investigations 16
Tolstaya, M.A., S. V. Bogatyreva, and G. N. Gradusov. Re-
moving Corrosion Products From Steels After Tests in Water
at High Temperatures 20
PART H. EFFECT OF THE WATER COMPOSITION
ON THE CORROSION OF CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS 29
Kolotyrkin, Ya.M., G.M. Florianovich, P.S. Petrov, N.K. Smirnova,
and L. M. Vyazankin. On the Application of Oxygen for Protecting
Steel Against Water Corrosion at High Temperatures 29
Gerasimov, V. V. , and A. I. Gromova. Effect of the Composition
Ca-rZ-=a~-

Corrosion of Nuclear- (Cont. )
of a Solution on the Anodic Behavior of Steel
SOV/5256
44
Gerasimov, V. V. 0 A. 1. Gromova and E. T. Shapovalov. Effect
of Oxygen on the Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of the
lKhl8N9T Steel 49
Gerasimov, V. V., V.. N. Aleksandrova, A. 1. Gromova, K. A.
Popova, and E. T. Shapovalov. Investigating the Electrochemical
and Corrosion Behavior of the lKhN9T Stainless Steel in Waters
of Various Compositions 52
Moskvichev, G. S., and V. V. Gerasimov. Effect of the Water
Composition on the Anodic Behavior of Aluminum 64
PART III. STRESS CORROSION 69
Akollzin P A. and V. N. Gulyayev. Principal Factors of

Corrosion of Nuclear- (Cont.)
Metal Stress Corrosion
1
69
Gerasimov, V. V. Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless
Steels 77
Akollzin P A V. N. Gulyayev, and I. N. Laguntsov. Corro-
7_-- 93
sio~-Cracking of Austenitic Steels at Heat Electric Power Plants
Gerasimov, V. V. , and K. A. Popova. Investigating the Mecha-
nism of Corrosion Cracking of the M18N9T Steel 102
Akoll#n, _E-A-_, and L. V. Korneyeva. Study of Stress Corro-
Vion -of Varifoi;s_ Types of Steels as Related to the Operation of
Steam Generators at Atomic Electric Power Plants 108
A.
AkQl-'un,__ and L. V. Korneyeva. Study of Stress Corro-
sion of the IM18IN91- Steel in Relation to the Composition of the
SOV/5256
car&

Corrosion of Nuclear- (Cont.)
Environment and the State of the Metal
SOV/5256
120
Gerasimov, V. V. , A. 1. Gromova, and E. T. Shapovalov.
Corrosion Cracking of the M18N9T Steel 139
PART IV. INTERGRANULAR CORROSION 145
Sarkisov, E. S. , V. P. Sentyurev, and V. P. Pogodin. Inter-
granular Water Corrosion of the OKhN9T Steel at High Tem-
peratures 145
Gerasimov, V. V. , and K. A. Popova. Intergranular Water
and Steam Corrosion of the lKhN9T Steel at High Temperatures
and Pressures 140
,_~M

PEUS I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV
Akol'ziu, F. A., P. N. AndreYev, I- E- Apelltsiu, S. X. Gurvich, A. A.
Kot, Yu. M. Kostrikin) 1. 1. Koshelev, A.P. Mamet) Yu. 0. Novi, M. M.
Sendik, I. Hh. Manybullin.
Spravochnik khimiki-eftergetika. tom 1: Spravochum materialy obehaheop
nazaacheaiya (H=dbook of Chemistry in Power Engineering. Vol 1: General
Reference Material) Moscow., Gosenergoizdat, 1960. 327 p. 20,000 copies
printed.
Edo.: V.A. Golubtsov, S.X ' Gurvich, Yu. M. Kostrikin, and A.P. Mamet; Tech.
Ed.: K. P. Voronin.
PURPOSE; This handbook is intended for chemists in the field of power en-
gineering, personnel of laboratories, sqientific research institutes)
and planning and control organizations., as well as fo), students of
Universities and tekbnik=s.
COVERAW: MAs is the first of a three-volume handbook of chemistry in power
engineering. It includes data on the water system of boilers, causes of
corrosion and methods for controlling it. It also contains general refer-
ence material on measures and units) chemical compounds, water and
solutions, solubility of substances- in water and water vapor at various
tempeFatures, electrochemistry, gases, specifications and prices for
certela reagents and materials. The book includes tables, charts, and
diagram . No personalities are mentioned. There are 52 references: 39
Sov-4et, 10 English, 2 German, and 1 Swdish.

S/08 61/000/020/063/089
B102XB147
AUTHORS: Gulyayev, V. N., AkoVzinP.A.
TITLE: Methods for long-time corrosion-strength tests of metals at
high pressures and at the temperatures of the active medium
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Khimiya, no. 20, 1961, 264 - 265t
abstract 201208 (Bb. "Korroziya reaktorn. materialov". MO)
Atomiodat, 1960, 5 - 16)
TEXT: Two apparatus and methods for long-time oorrosion-strength tests of
specimens at high temperatures and at pressures corresponding to operating
conditions are described in detail.-. The BU-1 (VTI-I) apparatus is
characterized by the following features: &)'possibility of producing a high
pressure for the active liquid by means of a gas or a gas mixture from
bulbs; b) possibility of continuous saturation of the liquid with gas
(in particular with oxygen) for production of solutions with different
oonoentrational o) existenoe of a special device for selection and analysis
of gases dissolved.in the liquids at operating pressures and temperatures.
The BTVI-2 (VTI-2) apparatus differs from the VTI-1 type as to the method
Card 1/2

S/081/61/000/020/050/089
B100101
AUTHORSt Ako Gulyayev, V. N., Lagunteov# I. N.
TITLEt Corrosion oraoking of austenite steels in thermal power
stations
PERIODICALt Referativnyy zhurnal. Xhimiya, no. 20, 1961, 260, abstract
201153 (Bb. "Korroziya reaktorn. materialov". U., Atomizdat,
1960o 93 - 102)
TEXTs The authors describe several cases of corrosion cracking in austOnite
steels at heating-and power stations observed on boilw~v under overcritical
operation conditions i3OO atm, 60000). 1X18H9T (1Kh18N9T) steels was found
to be suited for the production of heating-and-power station equipment.
It is, however, necessary to control conditions and quality of the water$ r/
and take account of the specific properties of austenits eteels.
LAbstraoter's notes Complete tranalation-3
Card 1/1

s/oq6/6o/ooo/olo/o22/O22
E19V19135
AUTHORS: Marhralova, T.]Kh.9 Ako1;AiRk="t-,-q Korneyevaq L,V.9
Lipamina, K. ., and Kh1uDnov,- V,Ye,
TITLE: An Investigation of Corrosionlunder Stress of Samples
of Steel l1hl8NqT at-ff-igh Pressure
PERIODICALt Teploenergetika~619609 No 10, pp 95-96
TEXT: Results are given of investigations of austenitic
steel 1Kh18NqT in water mediacontaining chlorine ions at
ressures of 200 atm, t = 364 OC, under static conditions
the concentration of chlorine ions.;ranged from 100 to 16001
f
mg/litre). The specimens were inveatigated in deoxygenated
solution after austenisation at t = 1050 OC with and without
work hardening. The tests,lasted 400 hours.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy energeticheskiy institut
(Moscow Power Institute)
Card 1/1

S/104/60/000/011/001/001
B194/E484
AUTHORS: A!S~zi~nPA., Doctor of Technical Sciences,
XT-,-Candidate of Technical Sciences and
Gulyayev, V.N
Laguntsov, I.N., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE,. Corrosion Cracking of Austenitio Steels in Thermal Power
Installations With Super-High Steam Conditions
PERIODICALi Blektrichaskiye Stantaii, 1960, No.1i, PP-29-32
TEXT: Austenitic steel parts of theraial power equipment have been
subject to a special kind of corrosion in service; this takes the
form of local corrosion cracks under stress. This article
generalizes Soviet and German published work on this subject.
In a onoe-through boiler with super-critical steam conditions of
300 atm and 600*C, corrosion cracking was observed during the-
conduct of speQial tests to investigate salt deposits for which
purpose caustic soda, sodium chloride, sodium silicate and sodium
sulphate were introduced into the feed water in amounts of 100, 200,
40 and 32 mg/litre respectively, The tests lasted for 3 to 4 hours
with each solution, The steel in question was grade -3M-257 (EI-2057)
Damage of a transcrystallite character appeared on sections of
pipework subject to severe stress. The damage occurred after-about
Card 1/3

S/104/60/000/011/001/001
E194/E484
Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Steels in Thermal Power
Installations With Super:-HIgh Steam Conditions
6000 hours service, a number of other zracks were found and others
continued to appear for some months. These defeats were all
associated with the tests on salt deposit formation. A number of
operating troubles experienced at the Cherepet' Station.are
reviewed, here the rated steam oonditions at the turbine stop
valve are 170 atm 5500C. Damage due to corrvsion under- stress
took place in the first period of operation in the --onveotive part.
of the super.-heater made of steel EI-257~ The feed water
conditlons have since been modified and the trouble has now been
overcome. The most serious cases of failure of tubes of
austenitic steel under stress occurred in the West German Chemical
Works of Huhs. Details of this case obtained from German published
work are given. It is concluded that austenitic steels work
quite reliably provided that proper allowance is made for their
specific features includIng the tendency to corrosion oraoking In
aggressive media, low thermal conductivity, and high Goefficient of
linear expansion. Caustic soda and chlorides act as oorrosive
Card 2/3

S/104/60/000/011/001/om
B194/E484
Corrosion Cracking of Austenitio Steels in Thermal Power,
Installations With Super-High Steam Conditions
medium during boiler operation,, The Action of chlorides is
intensified if the amount of oxygen in soluti.on is increased, The
weakest places are those with unrelieved remanent stresses,
particularly bond's of small radiua, welded joints and the like,
and so these should be carefully heat treated to remove, the
stresses before use. In the operation of water purification
systems, the instructions should be stricAly observed and in
particular correct regeneration 6f the anionite filters is
essential. If caustic soda or other non-volatile alkalis get into
the feed water they will cause corrosion cracking of austenitic
steel in a very short period of time, To avoid corrosion
cracking, the stresses on the metal should not be excessive,
particularly varlable stress6s. and the i%!orking atedia that comes
into contact with the metal should be of appropriate purity,
Austenitic steels can also be subject to cracking in acid
solutions but this question is not yet fully understood, There
are 1 figure and 6 references, 3 Soviet and 3 German,
Card 3/3

PROKHOROV, F.G., kand.tekhn.nauk; 4KOLIZIR,_EA.,doktor takhn.nauk;
SHKROB, M,.S.
Basic problems pertaining to the treatment of feed water for
steam power plants during the current seven-year ylan. Teplo-_
energetika 7 no.3:3-8 Mr 160. (MIRA 13:5)
1. Minisilrstvo stroiteltetva Plektroetantsiy, Vaesoyuzny7
teplotakhnichaskiy institut i Energeticheakiy institut All SSSR.
(Feed-water purification) (Steam power plants)

- AMLIZIN, P.A.. doktor tekhn.nauk; MIKHATUWA, N.K.
Treating water with hydrazine for protection of the metal
of boilers against acid corrosion, Teploenergetika 7 no.71
59-64 J1 160. (MIRA 13:7)
1. Vuesymnyy teplotekhnicheakly institut.
(IFeed-Water purification)
(Corrosion and anticorrosives)

GULYAYRY, V.N"-AKOLIZIN*-XA.; IVANOV, Ye.N.; GROMOVA, Ye.S.
Use of rapid method of determining the tendency of metals to
corrosive cracking. Zav.lab. '26 no-3:34o-341 160. (MIU 13:6)
1. Vaesovuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy inst,4tut
im. F.I. Dzershinskogo.
(Metals Qorros ion) ml

AUTHORSt Gulyayev, Vi N.p Akollzia,.E&A~_~ S1032160103610310341064
fv&UOTI Y09 Gromovat re. be BO1O/B11T
TITLEs On the Application of a Rapid Method of Determining the Liability
of Metals to Corrosive Cracking ki
PERIODICALs Zavodskaya laboratoriya, 1960P Vol 36, Nr 3, PP 340-341 (USSR)
TEXTs A method used to estimate the resistance to corroBion of steels was
suggested by the TeNlITULSh. The deterioration of the plastic properties of the
metal in liquid corrosive a-uSetances is compared with the deterioration
established when tests are performed in air with the state of the sample
slirface after the toot also being considered. As this method given no specific
data concerning the type of corrosive substance, corresponding to to were
performed in this case with an austenite steel of the type lKhIONMU substances
with a weak corrosive action. Experimental conditions and results obtained are
given (Table). The samples were submitted to several preliminary thermal
treatments before testing. It was found that the afore-mentioned toot method
cannot be used in substances with a weak corrosive action in which the
extension of cracks formed by corrosion is very small (as compared to the
elongation rate of the sample). There are I table and 2 Soviet references.
Card 1/2

SHKROB, Mikhail Samoylovich, doktor tekhn. nauk; PROKHOROV, Fedor Georgi-
yevichf kand. teklm. nauk, Prininali uchastiye: AKOLIZIN P.A.
doktor teklm. nauk; APELITSIN, T.E., doktor teifii~ ~1)
Yu.V.~ kand. tekbn. nauk; KVYATKOVSKIY, V.M., kand. tekhn. nauk;
EZACHKO, V.A., doktor tekhn. nauk; GURVICH, S.M., inzh.; ORZHEROV-
SKIY, M.A.,, inzh.,- STYRIKOVICH, M.A., retsenzent; MARTYNOVA, 0.1.,
retsenzent; VORONIN, K.P., tekbn. red.
[Water treatment and water systems for steam-turbine electric power
plants] Vodopodgotovka.i vodryl rezbim paroturbinWAh elektrostantsii,
Moskva, Gos. energ. izd-vo) 1961. 470 po (MBA 14:9)
(Feed water purification) (Steam turbines)

sA96/61/ooo/oo2/008/014
Bill/Elg)+
AUTHORS:. Ako"ZIB&T-6,37 Doctor of Technical Sciences7 and
'K"neyeva, L.V.7 Engineer
TITLE: Influence of Chloride Ions on Stress Corrosion of
Type 1% 18 H 9T (lKhl8N9T) Austenitic Steel
PERIODICALs Teploonergetika, 1961, No.2, pp. 55-60
TEXT: The authors give examples of rapid cracking of stressed
austenitic steel boiler tubes irt contact with water containing salts
(Refs 1-3). The object of the present work was to find the chloride
concentration limits at which cracking of type lXl8Hg'r (lKhl8N9T)
stainless steel in the austenitic and work-hardened states is either
eliminated or greatly retarded. Specimens were contained in sealed
190 mm long stainless steel capsules together with 100-110 ml of
the test solution. Specimens consisted of rolled 75 X 10 X 2 mm
plates which were assembled in pairs2 clamped together at each end
and separated in the middle by a rod (Fig.2), to give the required
Stress (somewhat over yield-point strength), clamps and rod being
also of lKhl8N9T steel. The filled capsules, which had been
de-aerated and sealed) were kept at 370 OC in an air thermostat
Card 1/3

S/096/61/000/002/008/01)+
Elll/Hlq1+
Influence of Chloride Ions on Stress Corrosion of Type lKhl8N9T
Austenitic Steel
(Fig.1). Each capsuie contained tvo pairs of specimens, one pair
being of non-work hardened, the other of 30% work hardened steel.
Pressure (200 atm) was directly measured in one of the capsules.
Test duration was 2000 hours. On completion, specimens were
subjected to metallographic examination, one of each pair being
further bent through 900. One series of tests was with chloride
ion concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.11 107 100, 1000, 10 000 and
100 000 mg/litrei and a further series with 100, 200, )+oo, 6oo,
800) 1000, 1200 and 1600. In these pH was 7 and the initial
oxygen content 0.02 mg/litre. Both these were varied in a few of
the capsules to find their influence. Results are tabulated and
typical microstructures are shown in Pigs 3-6. F19.3 shows Initial
microstructures of the work-hardened steel; Fig.4 those obtained
with various chloride-ion concentrations. In Fig.5 (extreme left)
the microstructures obtained after testing at pH = 11 and with
different oxygen contents are shown. A faulty capsule produced
evaporation of the solution, giving particularly severe cracking
Ca.rd 2/3

S/og6/6l/oOO/002/Oo8/oV+
Bill/Big'+
Influence of Chloride Ions on Stress Corrosion of Type lKhl8N9T
Austenitic Steel -
(Figs 6 and 7). The work showed that stress corrosion is
stimulated by both chloride ions and alkali and that work-hardening
is a major factor (the 30% work hardening used in the tests would
be quite inadmissible in practice). A chloride concentration of
1000 mg/litre produced stress corrosion of the work-hardened
material, further concentration increasing having no further
accelerating effect. Cracks formed both in stretched and
compressed portions of the specimen. The authors emphasise the
importance of metal quality and design factors in preventing stress
corrosion in power-station plant.
There are 7 figures, 2 tables and 4 references: 3 Soviet and
1 German.
Card 3/3

28566 S/137/61/POO/009/070/087
A060/A101
AUTHORS: Akoltzin, P. A., Korneyeva, L. V.
-----------------
TITLE: The study of stresa corrosion of vwrious grades of steel as applied
to the operation of steam-generators of etomla electric power
stations.
PERIODICAL- Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no. 9, 1961, 53, abstract 91361
(V sb. "Korroziya reaktorn. materialov'. Moscow, Atomizdat, 1960,
108-120)
TEXT: It was attempted to determine the role of the salt composition and
heat-treatment ~(Cl- and 02) in the development of corrosion under stress in
steels of various grades, among them also in specimens of welded steel. Cracking
of austenitic stainless steels as result of corrosion under'stress takes place
in the water containing Cl- and molecular 02. The intensity of corrosion under
stress depends upon the pressure (temperature), increasing considerably with the
temperature raise. In media with increased Cl content the welded specimens of
austenitio stainless steel are more sensitive to corrosion under stress. Welded
joints of austenitio stainless steel should not be used in the direct flow
Card 1/2

28566 3/137/61/000/009/070/087
The study of stress corrosion ... A060/A1O1
circuit of the steam generator, where high Cl- concentra-tions in the zone of end
vaporization are unavoidable. A safe method of preparing additional water for
steam generators for the purpose of lowering the Cl- ooncentratioil is complate
chemical desalting of the water. Before the water is fed to the heating surface,
its complete deoxidation is necessary. It is rsoomnended to rapply feeding
water into the steam space for Its complete deoxidaticn, before proceeding Into
the water space, I.e.,into the boiler water.
[Abstracter's note; Complete translation] V. Tarlsova
Card 2/2

AUTHORS: Akolizin, F. A., Korneyeva, L. V.
28567
,9/137/61/000/009/071/087
A060/A101
TITU: Study of stress corrosion of steel IXIEN9T (lKhl8N9T) as a function
of the state of the metal and composition of the medium
PMODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no. 9, 1961, 53, abstract 91362
(V sb. "Korroziya reaktorn. materialov". Moscow, Atomizdet, 1960,
120-139)
TM(T: An investigation was carried out upon the limiting admissible
concentrations of Cl- and 0 in water P'.1 which the absence of cracking will
be ensured for specimens oFaustenitio siainless steel 1Khl8N9T testued at one and
the same rated stress under conditions of high temperature and pressure of the
aqueous medium (pressure2OO atm, temperature 364 0). The Cl- and alkali hydroxiie
contained in the water are stimulators of corrosion under stress In steel grade
1Kh18N9T. The simultaneous action of the Cl- and the 02 contained in the water
causes the corrosion cracking of even the austenized steel 1Kh18N9T. The state
of the metal (heat-treatment, oold-hardening, etc.) Is of decisive importance in
the development of the process of corrosion under stresa: the sensitivity of
A
Card 1/2

28567
S/137/61/000/009/071/087."
Study of stress corrosion of steel 1X1849T ... A060/401
cold-hardened specimens Is higher than that of those without hardening. A 30%
cold-hardening is inadmissible. Taking into aooount thos unavoidability of some
cold-hardening under the oonditions of the steam-genorator manufaoture, the
limiting admissible oonoentratlon of 01- in the water In the region of the
vaporiZatiOn 20n* is 1,000 mg/liter. The quality requirements upon the supply
water fed into the steam-generator, operehing aooord:Lag to the direct flow
system, are enumeratund. As oomplete deaeration of the supply water as possible
is recommended, as well as the maintsnanoe of a weakly alkaline medium in the
steam generator.
[Abstracterts note: Complete translation] V. Tarisova
Card 2/2

AKOLIZIN,_-LA., doktor tekfin.nauk; KOROLEV, N.I., inzh.,- LAZAREVAP
inzh.; ZAYTSEVA, Z.I., inzh.; POLDVINKINA, T.A., tekbnik
-Use of fiba-forming amines for preventina corrosion in condenser
0
systems. Teplooner n
gatika 8 'o.3:49-52 Iir';4 1610 (MIRA 14:9)
1. Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy inatitut - Lenenergo.
(condensers (Steen))-Corrosion)
0

25666
S/096/61/000/009/003/Oo8
E193/EI83
AUTHORS: Gulyayev, V.N., Candidate of Technical Sciences,
Akollzinj P ., Doctor of Technical Sciences,
_ A.
Gromova, Ye.Scj Engineer, and Ivanov; Ye.N., Engineer.
TITLE., Stress-corrosion cracking of Steel IUN9T
(lKhl8N9T) in sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride
solutions 19 1
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetika, 1961Y No-9, ppz 50-55
TEXTa Stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel
tubes that has occurred at several P*ower stations (both in the
Soviet Union and abroad), where they'are used in the steam'
generating plant operating under Particularly severe conditions,
prompted the present authors't6 undierthke the investigation
described in the present papers' The'experiments were carried out
on tubular specimens, tested on equipment designed to simulate
conditions obtaining'in'industrial"practice. The'compdsition of
thin'steel vatled~*ithin the following limitst~ 0.09-0.11% C;
0;85-1.24% Mn; o.46'o'.56% si; 0.02% S; 0,015% P; 18.3-20.3% Cr;
9.7-10,2% Nil and 0,5-o.6% Ti. In the actual tests the specimens,

25666
Stress-corrosion cracking of .... s/o96/61/000/009/003/oo8
E193/Ei83
filled with the appropriate solution (hot or cold) under pressure
of up to 120 atm were stressed in tension# and either time-to-
rupture was determinedg or the extent (if any) of cracking was
periodically measured. The concentration of NaOH in the test
solutions varied between ki and 40 000'mg/-I., the Cl- concentration
in the NaCl solution varying between 0.3 and 150 000 mg/t. (In
some tests hydrazine was added to the NaCl solution). Solutions,
both deaerated and saturated with oxygen, nitrogen or argong Were
tested. The effect of stress concentration was also studied by
using specimens with a sudden change in the cross-section area.
Finally, the effect of exposure to the corroding medium
alternating with dry periods was studied. The results can be
summarised as follows. 1) Under certain conditions, NaOH
solutions can cause stress-corrosion cracking of steel lKhl8NqT,
even when the latter is in'the fully austenitic state.
2) A 4% NaOH solution (pH = 14) can cause cracking of this steel
or cause the development of leaks in faulty portions of a component
in a time as short ap several hours. 3) No stress-corrosion
cracking was observed in specimens stressed for 900 hours at
Card 2/6

25666
s/o96/61/000/009/003/008
Stress-corrosion cracking of ....
E193/E183
30 kg/mm2 In contact with NaOH solutions of pH = 11, 1Z or 13, at
310 OC and under a pressure of 120 atm. This means that failures
due to stress-corrosion of steel lKhl8N9T components in heat
exchangers are most likely to occur in the regions of high NaOH
concentration. 4) The rate of stress-corrosion is decreased when
large quantities of oxygen or nitrogen are present in the NaOH
solution. The time-to-rupture of the steel studied, subject to the
action of a 4% NaOH solution with a nitrogen content of 1100-2000
m9/0 is 3-20 times longer than that in a solution with a nitrogen
content of 15.8 mg/t only. The effect of argon Is similar, but
not so pronounced. This is illustrated in Fig.4, ahowIng the
strain/time (mm/h) curves for specimens tested under a stress of
35 kg/mm2 in a 4% NaOH solution, non-deaerated (curve 1),
aaturated with argon (curve 2), and saturated with air (curve 3).
5) Chlorine ions cause stress-corrosion cracking of steel
lKhl8N9T only in the presence of oxygen, the rate of corrosion at
a given oxygen content increasing with increasing Cl- concentration.
When both oxygen and depolarising action of the H+ ions are absent,
no stress-corrosion of steel lKhl8N9T takes place in aqueous
Card 3/ 6

25666
Stress-corrosion cracking of .... s/o96/61/000/009/003/008
E193/E183
solutions of NaCl, with the Cl- content of up to 150 000 mg/f.
6) In the presence of traces of oxygen, Btress-corrosion of the
steel studied can occur at both low (100 mg/,E) and high
(150 000 mg/V Cl- concentrations, but only if other contributing
factors (such as non-uniform stress distribution, local'dam-a-ge of
the protective oxide skin, etc.) operate. 7) At higher oxygen
r,ontentB, stress-corrosion cracking of steel IKhl8N9T can occur in
water (at 310 OC and under a pressure of 120 atm) with a Cl-
content as low as 20 mg/ Thus, specimens simultaneously
subjected to stress (3510. kg/mm2) and to the action of a sblution-
(at 120 atm and 310 OC) containing 20 - 100 000 mg/t Cl- and
4P mgIC-02, can fracture in several hours. 8) Addition of up to
15 mg/t, hydrazine has no harmful effect, no crack-1;_ng having been
observed in specimens tested for 3590 hours at 310 '.C and under
120 atm in a solution containing 100 mg/t Cl- and 15 mg/t N2H4.
9) Other factors (the Cl and 0 concentration) being equal, the
rate of atress-corrosion cracking of steel lKhl8N9T is increased
approximately twentyfold under conditions of exposure to the
corroding medium alternating with drying.

25666
Streas-corrosion cracking of .... S/091/11/000/009/003/008,
It was conbluded that, if there is a possibility..of steel lKhl8N9T
into contact with a corroding medium of the type studied,
the bends in coiled tubes should be subjected to, an austenitising
treatment, and that no surface defects with residual tensile
stresses, not removed by appropriate heat treatment, can be
tolerated under these circumstances. The results of the present
investigation indicate also that metal-liquid-gas and not
metal-liquid systems should be investigated in studies of stress- I
~corrosion phenomena.
There are 9 figures,.5 ta.-Jes and 4 references: 2 Soviet and',
.2 non-Soviet. The Bng~ish language reference reads as folXows 7
Ref-3: W.J. Singley, C.H. Welinsky, S.F. Whirl, H.A. Klein.
t'Stress corrosion of stainless steel and boiler water
treatment at Shippingport Atomic Power Station". Pr6c. Amer.
Power Conf. 21, 1959. Chicago III, Illinois Inst. Technol-.
1959.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut,
(All-Union Institute of Heat Engineering)
Card 5/6

AKOLtZIN, P.A., doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk; SHREYDER, A.V., dotsent, kand.
`z~-e~--;hauk-
"Theory of the corrosion and protection of metals" by N.D. Tomashov.
Reviewed by P.A. Akoltzin. Zav. lab. 27 no. 4:503 161. (MIRA 14-.4)
(Corrosion and anticorrosives) (Tomashov, N.D.)
*qW.

3'
SrO32~61/027/008/007/020
B107/B206
AUTHORS: Gulyayev, V. N., Akolizin, P. A., Gromova# Ye. S.-9 and Ivanov,
Ye. N.
TITLEs Rapid method for testing austenitic steel with regard to its
cracking tendency in aqueous sodium-chloride sollations
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya laboratoriya, v. 27, no. 8, !961, 9813-984
TEXT: For the rapid determination of the corrosion-racking tendency
:,-of various types of steel in aqueous chloride solutions, a boiling 42
solution of MgC12 is sometimes used. As to its composition this solution
does, however, not correspond to the media in which many devices operate;
these are affected by aqueous sodium-chloride solutions. V. M. Ni.kiforova
proposed a rapid method (Ref. 1: V. N. Nikiforova. Sb. TaNIITMASh, kn. 77
(1955)) by which the corrosion-oracking tendenoy of steel can be estimated
from the variation of plasticity during elongation of the specimen in a
solution. However, this method is not generally applir;able, and fails
if the formation of corrosion cracks is much slower than the elongation
Card 1/3

26.384
S/032/6!/027/008/007,1020
Rapid method for... B10-0/B206
of the specimen (Ref. 21 V. N. Gulyayev, P. A. Akollzin, Ye,. S, Gromova
and Ye. N. Ivanov, Zavodskaya laboratoriya, v, 24. no_ 3 (1960)),- A new
method was elaborated by the authors. They 1:rcceedel from the f act that
at a higher temperature and a higher oxygen content in the s-.-~lution, the
formation of corrosion cracks proceeds more quickly. In addition? the
rate of formation also depends on the ohlorine-ien ooncentraTion. Stand
BTM-1 (VTI-1) (Ref- 33 P. A. Akol'zin, V. N. Gulyayev. Stend VT.rL-*l d1ya
ispytaniya metallov na dlitellnuyu korrozionnuyu prochnos!' pri -;-ysok.Lkh
davleniyakh i temperaturakh raboohey aredy, tema 20 W-59-475/1"17
(1959)) is used for testing tubular specimens in a solution which is
continuously saturated with oxygen. In order to accelerate the formation
of corrosion cracks, the following test conditions were chosent constant
load on the specimen, temperature 3100C, pressure of the medium 120 kg/_M2
concentration of ohloring ions 100,000, of oxygen 450, nitrogen 1050 mg
per liter of solution. Specimens of 1 X18 H9T 'OKWON9T) steel were tested.
At a load of 35 kg/mm2, the specimen was destroyed in 24 hr 35 min, and
at a load of 40 ki/MM2 in 16 hr. When the load was reduced the time up
to destruction increased accordingly (Fig. 1). The eiaborated method per-
mits a comparatively rapid estimate of the cracking tendenoy of various types
Card 2/3

26384
S/03-2/61/027/008/007/020
Rapid method for... 11107/11206
steelln sodium-ohloride solutions, There are 2 figures and 3'sovlet
references. [Abstracter's notet Essentially complete translation.3
ASSOGIATIONs Vsesoyuznyy teplotek-hnioheskiy iiauchno-issledovatellskiy
(All-Union Scientific Resear-.,h Institute of Heat Engineering):
x
I I fill
I 1 1145
fill I I
jo
J6 al Itj 4 j 6 a I
Ix .&V
8PO"j?, vat
2
:L6gend to Pid. 12 (x) Time in hrl (y) load in kg/mm'j (9) divided
ens (12 by 2.0 mm); (+
specim undivided specimens (13 1;~ 1.5 mm)-
'Card 3

".4
7 23561-65 EWT (m) /EWA W194-F (t),)'VgP (b) JDI!fJIWB
AM40)WT31 BOCK EXF-IOITLA710r, s
Akol'zin, Pavei Alekseyev-ich; Gul)myev, Viktor 1171kolayievich
Corronion
C
--a.8 tr-egk-i vrwily)-
(~-Os e aergo " Zda - ,I
MOPTr ~'irq: &ust.F!-njtjc steel, r-Al: --r-
corrovillon cracking, steel vcrrosi,-~,n crpcy~-inizz. s-r-ss -orz--)sion i
F, 1. an c., nac k'~: L~- pr F-ve r. t 17.
14JRF%,T ME clw-7-plzF - 'It! 0
r
Z, Z. z
inveatigations v
on of corr-:-elun cnak~L-l
er=emj both Boyiet arA nou-bgyict,
Card 1/7

L 23561-65
AM404-0731
TAMZ Cg? CON
I?Grevv;rd -- 3
Ch. 1. Chsracteristics of met&l and water condition In heating pmmr tO -- 7
plan
1-1 Laymta of electric power plants and units -- ';7
1-2 St-yuctural zmterials of equipment elements -- 10
1-3 Chaincterf-sties of vater and vapor
Ch. Ii Corrosion-crrc~g cbaract-ristica -- ~:
2-1 Classification of corrosion damze In Fuietenitic, atalnleas st~-Itlis.
Big= of corrozlon-cr"kjuag daru-.ges. -- 53
2-2 Corrosicx aracking of auntenitic staiulesa-steels under ope--ational
canditions -- 56
Card 2/7

Cho In Medh&nizm of corrosion cracking of steel 67
3-1 Electrochemical theory of corrosion 67
3-2 Film theory of corronion crackin
3-3 Theory of decompoiUtion of metastable phases under the effect of
stresses -- 74
3-4 Generalized theory of corrosion cracking -- 77
M..IV. Effect of intexmal factors on the corrosion-cracking pvccas -- 79
4-1 General characteristic -- 79
4-2 Effect of cbmdcAl compovition and atructare of austenitle stairaesa
steel -- 80
4-3 Effect of stresses on the corrusion crarking of metals U3
-Carcl 3/7

L 2i56!-65
A14404D731
4-4 Effect of plastic deformation. on ccrrzotion cracking of austraitic
eta~ess i3teelB -- 133
4-5 Effect of the eize fwtor on corrosion cracking of metals -- 140
Ch. V. Bffect of external factors on the corrosion-cracking procesis -- 147
5-1 General claxracteriaticB -- 147
5-2 Role of oxygen -- 148
5-3 Role of chlorides -- 155
5-4 Role of combined preBence of ch:1crides &ad oxygen, -- 116
5-5 Role of concentration of 1,,vdroge-n ionz -- 16~O
5-6 Role of corromion pro~cts r-nd other tyjyea ol, depoaite -- Ibc
5-7 Role of acid media -- 170
Card 4/7

5-8 Corrosion cracking inhibitors -- 171
Ch. V1. ?*thod-a of preventing corrosion cracking -- 186
6-1 General characteristics -- IB6
6-2 Selection of metal made in accorAame vith conditions of th next
part operation -- 187
6-3 Heat treatment. Surfrxe hardening
6-4 Selection of the optimal design of the unit lq'~
6-5 Probl- of welding two dissimilar mrteriala 199
6.6. ~vf zeed vazer -- 2o3
6-7 Methods Of lWeVeUtIng the uacking 'of cooling vater iuto turb1ze, coll.
&ewers -- 2D7
Cord 5/7

L 23561-65
Am4o4oT31
6- 8 Preparation of vater az-d of va~er contarni-aants 206'
6-9 See alk,&Ii condition of I>oi-jer water --
6-10 PrecautionB ag&inst the accumalation of cormsion prvducts on heating
mulaces -- 2"33
6-11 Chemdca.1 cleaning of -pover equipment -- 217
0-12 Prouising precaution,%:ry meamires -- 22-~
Ch. VII Methods of studying
7-1 Units and methodz for trbst-'7w behavior of
met~-Is -- 225
7-2 1,L-thodz of electrochendeal investigations -- 256
Bibliogm-ThY -- 263
Card 6/7

L 23561-65
Sn COM -. ML, MA
o=R: o69
SUBMITMD: 19SeP63
rvard 7/7
NO FZF SOV: 113

a,41016089 BOOK EXPLOITATION s/
z,-~avel Alekseaj~kqb-,_(Dootor of Technical Sciences), Oerasimov, Vla&L
mir
VladimlRov-16-h-U66-tor of Technical sciences)
Corrosion of structural materials of nuclear and thermal power plants (Korrozi-ya
konstruktsionny*kh materialov yaderny*kh i teplovv*kh onargeticbeskikh
ustanovok)~ Moscow, "Vysshaya shkola".. 1963, 373 P*P 11lus.0 biblioo, 2.500
copies printed.
TOOIC TAGS: corrosion, nuclear power plait# thermal power plant,, carbon ateel,
steam generator, steam boiler, low alloy steel, steel EI 257, steel M13,
steel KU7, 11Qil8N9T . electrochemistry
TABLE OF CONTENTS [abridged]:
Introduction 3
Ch. I. Features of the corrosion of thermal power plant equipment 7
Ch, II. Methods of corrosion and electrochemical research at high
temperatures and pressures 56
Ch. III. Effect of external and internal factors on the corrosion and
Card 1/2
761 IME
7
;'s~ U1 ~V_'
Z e OR

electrochemical behavior of structural materials 94
Ch. IV. Corrosion of steam-boiler metal 233
Ch. V. Corrosion of striietural materials used in reactor installations 281
Ch. VI. Corrosion of metals used in steam generators 339
Ch. VIL Methods of inspecting the condition of metal in thermal power-and
reactor installations 356
Bibliography 364

~M~

AKOLIZIII,-,P.A...,doktor tekhn. nauk; GULYLYEV,, V.N., kand. telffin. nauk,-
TAWVV It.F., in7,h.; IVANOV, Ye.N.
Corrosion and mechanical properties of steel substitutes for
1Khl8N9T s4%-:eel. Tepl6energetika 10 no.8s54-59 Ag 163.
(MIRA 16:8)
1, Voeso;,uznyy teplotekhnicheskdy institut,
(Steel)

AKOLIZIN,j,A,4-doktor tekhn.nauk; GULYAYEV, V.Ne, kand,tekhn.nauk
Testint of a p-lpeline with protective sheathing. Teploenergetika
1-1 no. 1:32-36 Ja 164. (MIRA 17:5)
1. Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut.

,IAKOLIZIN,,..P.A., doktor tekhn. nauk; PROKHOROV, F.G., kand. tekhn.
nauk
Polymers and their prospective use in thermal.power
engineering.. Teploenergetika 11 no.5:31-35 M-y'64.
(MIRA 17:5)
1. Vaesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut.

AKOLIZIN, F.A.
Corrosion of the equipment of thermal electric power plants.
Vodopod., vod. rezh. i khimkont. na parosil. ust. no.103-41 164,
(MM 180)
1. VaesoyuzW ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znamenio

AKOL ZIN P.A., doktor tekhn. nauk; PROKHOROV, F.G., kand. tekhn. nauk;
_'
MA14 - AM, N. N. , kand. tekhn. nauk
Problem concerning the water cycle norms of thermal electric
-power.plants.. leploenergetika ll,no.4:77-79 Ap 164.
(MMA 17-6)
1. VseBoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut.

AKOL*,ZIN, P.A., doktor tekhn. nauk) LAPTINA, L.N., inzh.
Corrosion effect of phosphation conditions of boller water.
Teploenergetika 11 no.lOt7-ll 0 164. (MIRA 180)
1. Voesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut.

AKOLIZIN, P.A.,-_GERASIMOV, V.V.; KASPEROVICH, A.I.; MAMET, A.P.;
MWKINA~ N.N.; MARGULOVA, T.Kh,; MARTYNOVAj 0.1.;
MIROPOLISKIY, Z.L.; Prinimaii uchastiye: DYATLOVA, N.M.;
BIKHKM, B.I.; STYRINKOViCH, M.A.j, retsenzent; KOSTRIKIN,
Yu.M., red,,
[Water-HY'Stem I thermal electric power plants (ordinary
and atomic)] Vodnyi rezhim toplovykh elektrostebtsii
(obychnykh i atomrqkh). [By] P.A.Akollzin i dr. Moskva,
Energiia, 1965. 382 p. (MIRA 16:3)

U . 4, 1) , .-I
i WLI'11140 Y'.A,Y doktor tekhn. nnuk- KAGAV~ I .7a., kand. t ekhn.
BALA BAN-IRK"'NIV, Yj~.I.V. , - ~; rjK- - -- - - d I .11~ . I
. t" i , ,r ~*~ "'. - nn, .IX
Protection of the heavy duty boiler units using nitrogen.
Teploenergetika 12 no.3:17-21 Mr 16.4. (MIFA 18:6)
1. Vsesoy-u7nyy tepl-~t.-?kl-nlche9kiy An3titut.

WOLIZIN PA . ARAKELIYANTSP N.M.; BUYANOVA, O.A.; KIFtNOSOV9 T.I.;
`,~~~SKIY, S.L.; TARAPIN, V.N.; SHCHEDROVII&HI'S.S.;
EYDELIMAN, R.Ya. -
Unifie.d series of strain gauges for the automation of con-
struction and road machinery. Priborostroenie no.8:11-12
Ag '62. (MM 15:9)
(Strain gauges)

Lila
'i032. Field of a C42jr
!W mulfl4am _"
_
L A. k4ntl?w~ Ele I ejnw7WX,.

Klootrical &gineering Abstracts The field of solenoids used for miagnefic

Ma
1954 men% partimlarly In the invWtiptions of masne6o,
i
i
f
l
i
va
r cs o
matcr
propcit
fi
s
s ztqulr
to be as bomo-
Reactors and Relays gentous and po-AWN as possible, thus muk[4&ycr,.
solenoids have to be used. Mw niqW of dW"S
solenoids with thin cous or finite lengh Is vxfl )mown-
the author generalizes It by snaking tM simplo ;j;1
pennWible assumption of c 'wmfrical solenoids the
radil ofwhM incrom in an aritb=*W promovnli.
obtaining fortnutac for solenoids of Infinite and finite
length and, in the second case, determining die poke
of both bTes. IU results represented, in relath
units are plotted and endblo the field distributiou In
practical Q= to bo found rapidly ising 10
1
-
elementary calculations.

,M11- W.-MS -j" A
Maw

9W
AUTHOR: Akollzina, L.A. SOV/55-58-2-15/35
TITLEt The Effect of Radiation on Preconduction Current
Pulses in Tubes 1,11ith Exterior Electrodes (Vliyaniye oblucheniya
na predrazryadnyye impul'sy toka v trubkakh s 7neshnimi elektro-
dami)
PERIODICAL: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universitet8. Seriya matematiki, me haniki,
astronomij, fiziki, kbiYali.9 1958,Nr 2,pp 115-120 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In tubes exterior electrodes there exist two discharge stadiums:
a stable and an unstable stadium. In a series of tests with
neon tubes it was investigated with which processes the formation
of current impulses is connected for unstable discharge. It was
stated that it essentially concerns processes on the tube wallao
Furthermore the influence of radiation with red lines of the
neon spectrum on the current impulses taking place before the
discharge was investigated. It appeared that the origin of the
current impulses for small voltages essentially depends on the
metastable atoms while for high voltages the metastable atoms
are not important. The authar thanks Professor V.A. Kaptsov.
There are 2 figures, and 11 references, 1 of which is Soviet,
5 are German, 4 English, and 1 Dutch.
Card 1/2

T h (-, Effect of Radiation on Preconduction SOV/55-58-2-15/35
Current Fulses in Tubes With Exterior Electrodes
ASSOCIATIONt Kafedra elektroniki (Chair of Electronics) [Moscow univ.)
SUBMITTED: June 19, 1957
Card 2/2

AKOL'ZINAp L. A., Candidate Phys-Math soi (diss) -- "Investigation of precon-
duction current impulses at reduced pressure". Moscow, 1959. 10 pp (Moscow Order
of Lenin and order of Labor Red Banner State U im LomonosovP PhYs Faculty), 200
copies (KL, No 24, 1959p 124)

AKOVMHAVWj V.R., kandemedenauk
Regularities in the reconstruction of the long tubular bones
in children during various periods after a fracture. Ortop.
travm.i protez. 23 no.6:24-29 Je 162. (tau 1'5:9)
1. Iz-2--go khirurgichookogo otdeleniya detskoy bollnitsY im.
II.F. Matova go Moskvy (glavnyy vraoh - L.A. VorokhobDv, kon-
maltant chlon-korrespondent P10 SSSR prof, B.V. Ogner .
(FRACTURES)

Subject :.'-USSR/Mining
Card 1/1 Pub.. 78 - 19/26
AID P - 834
Author : Akonov, A. (Foreman of the Kirov Oil Well Drilling Bureau)
Title : Resources for high speed drilling
Periodical : Neft. khoz., V. 32, #9, 84-87, 8 1954
Abstract : A review of the application of variouts technological im-
provements and advanced methods of turbo-drilling for
Increase of the speed of oil well drilling.
Institution: None
Submitted ; No date

L hO347-M Djr(m)/E1%T(t)/RTI IJP(c) JD
ACC NRs AP6019436 (A SOURCE CODC; UR/0007/66/000/003/0281/029a3
AUTHOR: Lavrukhina, A. K.; Kolesov, G. M.; Kalichova, 1. S.; Alcollzina L. D. -I! r
ORG., Institute of Gooohomistry and Analytical ChemistEy im. V. I. Vernadskiy, M1 SSSR,
Yoscow7Institut geokhimil i analiticheskoy khimii AN SSSR)
i
TITLE: Activation determination of Cop Eus So, Ba, U, and P in dark and clear varie-
ties of Kunashak and Fervomayskiy vi2_1age chondrites
SOURCE: Geokhimiya, no. 3, 1966, 28i-2go
TOPIC TAGS: neutron activation analysis, meteorite, radioisotope, cerium, europium,
scandium, barium, uranium, phosphorus
ABSTRACT: Neutron activation analysis was used to determine various elements in Kuna-
shak and Pervomayskiy village chondrites. The samples were irradiated Trith a neutron
flux of 1.2 x 1013 n/cm2 see. The content of Eus ~c, Ba, and U in the clear varieties
of chondrites of olivine-hypersthene composition generally corres-oond to the average
content previously found in chondrites 5f this type. The concentration of Eu, Ce, and
So in hypersthenic chondrites is higher han in enstatite chondrites. In noyLiapetic
fractionu of the invpstigated meteoritesMas compared to their unseparated samples, the
content of Ce, E-_ an,- So is higher, owing to the lithophilous character of these ele-
ments. The con-z-entrr'%'1ion of EV, So, Ba, and U in the dark and clear varieties of Kuna-
shak meteorite is approximately the same. The P concentration in the dark varieties ofl

R -____A-,140TiT4 386 ZI/Ol 95/61. ~`005
1/t)-,,~ i
AUTHOR: Akopdzhanov, R. G; Vaynahteyn., E. Ye.; Keyer, N. Fs; Kefeli, L. M.;
Rukhadie,
TITLE:;.X-ray K~-absorptlon spectra of copper ln~soma catalytic chelate polymers
SOURCE:! Kinetika I kataliz, V. 5, no. 4, 1964 616-623
1, TOPIC TAGS: copper, K-absorption spectrum, chelate, sodium bis-dithlocarbamate,,
chelate polymer,:copper chelate polymer, catalysis, X-ray analysis
ABSTRACT: Polychelates of copper synthe3lzed:from sodium bis-dithlocarbamates
containling a Cu,(SS) chelate unit were Investigated by X-ra*y spectral analysis. The
optimal conditions for the study of the fine structure of the principal K-region
i absorpt,ion of copper In ~olychelates are obtained by working with absorbents having
a density of 3:5-5 mg/cm ; for the study of the fluctuation In an ultra fine struc-
2 ~
ture this should be 10 mg/cm . The data on the: K-region absorption of metallic
copper,obtainedi'in these experiments were in good agreement with the spectrum re-
gistere~ by a dc?uble-crystal spectromet Ier. The' reproducibility of deta,l 'n three
paral]61 experiMents (tile nts lay on a single curve) for polychelates with two
different radlc~ls R H ~21and
5-(C6 R3Z(C"f)6 was,also plotted. When the structure of
the X-ray absorption 5pectrum of a uZ~ on In aqueous solution was compared with
argtlof'copper I.n some oxygen-and sulfki.y-containing Inorganic compounds.
~h (CuS,Cu20)1
Card /3;

AE~~SSIOIN NR:
the general form of the long-wave strupture of,the spectrum was found to be essen-
tiallyiiinlependent of the change In he Ionic charge* It depended rather on the
nature
~of the bond of the electrons in:the abs rbing atom and the atomsAn its.
close v;icinity:ln the metal or Its compounds,,especially on the*participation Un
this bond of th? electrons with p-symmetry. Upon transition from the spectrum of
the mei6l to that of the oxide, there is a regular shift (- 1.5 e.v.) of the spec-
trum toward theishort-wave side. It can be assumed that the valence of copper in
the polymers st6died is close to unity. Analyiis of the long-wave fine structure
of the'X-ray K-S'pectra of copper In po.lychelatiDs In comparison with the spectrum
of the~metal revealed a change In the valence !of copper atoms in polychelates de- .
pending. on the organic radical in the polymer chain. This change can be due to
change in the degree of overlapping of the sp-functions of electrons producing
the bond between the copper atom in the chelate and additives, such as sulfur
atoms. in polichelates containing R4 and R5 aromatic radicals In the polymer
chain, the absorption spectra show a decrease in Intensity.in the Initial and me-
dium regions, as compared to those of metal. in the spectra of polymers contain-
ing 112''and R3 organic aliphatic radicals, the Intensity of absorption Is Increased
in the5e regions. The difference In the effect of aro'matic and aliphatic radicals
in the, polymer,chain on the nature of the reaction of copper with the.additives In
a' chelates Is also revealed by the change in the catalytic activity of these
ychelates. ','The authors thank V. It Petrosyan for supplying the copper fol I."
'j2-14 y
Card

ACCESSION NR: AP401111386
Orig. art. has:. 8 figures and I chemical structure.
ASSOCIATION: thstitut kataliza SO AN SSSR (Inisititute of Catalysis, 50 AN SSSR);
institut neorgahicheskoy khImll SO AN SSSR (institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SO
AN SSSR)
'SUBMITTED: i6oct63 ENCL: 00
SUB CODd: 00, OF NO REF SOV; 017 OT!';R 002
,Cardi .3/3

F, M'17~lq-
MENEM
R R-N-
IX
Wfll~ ~Vm

cr,
tk
ft
12

L 43868-65 EWA(k)/EWT(1)/EEC(t.) LIM
ACCE-SSION NP: Ai-m609
wq!C4O"/")50Cl
A'1_71"H&i~: A-kopazhariav, R. G.;
TITT~F: A metho.,~ of correctirW, x-ray gneCtrR/~nr -,-IT-. _~4;, C 4 ~F,
~q-' arM 11 1 st 0?
SCkWE: OTtlka 1 spektroskopiya, Y. 18, no- -Y-5 40c-~.r
MPTI' TAGS: x ray spectnnn, forusirs gDectro;-rgt~) 4'_nr*!or..
I
dl'ston ion
ABSTRACT; It is pointed out In the introduction that the ILBSUMption frequently
made in accounting for apparatus errors in x-rav spectra, Ttanel~v that the distor-
tion funrtlon has a dispersion character, ~--s -.o' K".wr-"s -T7.f. I r. 'y' h r tkr
it is shown that when x-ray focusing spectrographs are used with bent crystals. the
app&ratuF function does no+ &lways have the for- of a cu,---vF- and 's more
readil,y approxinated by a k7perbolic seca:-t. "me-oe cipr~V-RtJVFIR." f'lrlZt
~z
Y
Card 1/2

L 4~B68-65
AccEnion im, Ap5oo6439
ment&lly obtained x-My spectra. The p-ocedure proposed is verified against sev-
eral model curves and Is used to correct K-absor-ption spectra of copper in meta-1
fi~;c i~ -r-c~rice -Ine authors th&rA M. A- sac~,el"
:Df 'he rpepr;'
fonnulasp and 1 table.
ASSOCIATIOV: None
SUMMIM : 03Feb(>4 MiCL i on SUB CODE: OP
NR JW 107~ -3-
0111M~ o~A-
~jrd e12

f,~l IVI-Aw- : .--~ .- I Z,
A !.L1
.~, -r-,

AKOPDZHANOVA, V. R.
AKOPDZHANOVA, V. R. - "The Treatment of Slaw-Healing Wounds by the
Intra-Arterial Introduction of Medical Substances.0 Sub 27 Fob 52)
Acad Med Soi USSR. (Dissertation for the Degree oil Candidate
in Medical Scieuces).
SO: Vechernaya Moskva January-December 1952

;,fL
R T., "W- IM
"'23 M
1-1
.i -I--
7 . IN. : - I I I .
I
k

-'a "Oll-R-Ho
SO 5~-W% IN

Z
T
V
IM
AP3
)/BDS AFPTC/ASD
AUMOR t Barshteyn, R. S. Akopd2hanyan, X. A.,
Ima: Wth6di. of, enbanafte the wid-rvelstance of orlde Plastic
13-
SOMM: Plastichesklye massy*, n651 196.3, 64-65
;TOPIC TAG3 i wld-reelstan6e, polyviny1chloride plastic, dimeth
hyl esters, polyester:~
plasticizers, methoxy groups PF-special resin., plaotico
ABSTRACT: Studies vereveavied*out.on the selection and synthesis of fungicides to
!be Incorporated in the plasticizer for pirevpnting%told fungus daUlage to polyvinyl,-
!chloride pipes, coatings, packaging *terials, etc. The following compounds,-_-pre-
surwd nonutilizable as nutrients by molds. vere selected for teating: dimethyl
estersP including dimethylphthelate (DW), ~dimethyladipinate (INA), and &-mt-kyl.
sebace6te- (M), -and, polyester -Dlasticize;;~containing te=inal rieth M--- (prepared in
~collaboratiori vith V. 0. Gorbunovab . SsMles of plastics obte4ned frm pol7vinyl.
arate a2
!chloride resinU"FF-speclal" brand) using these plasticizers and calcium ste
stabilizer vex-v- exposed to the action or spores of 7 species of =old funaus In die-
Itilled vater at a relative humidity of 98-100% and a tenTerature of around 30C-
A iDIV, DMA, and 124S plactics showed adequate long-te= resistance (24 inonths' obser-
I va ion re
-t )'to fungus attacko and the plastics prepared with thb.:polyester.plasticiza
LCard

PALEY, M.I.; TREPEMOVA, L.I.; AKOPDZHANYAN, E.A.; GOIDDUAYA, S.L.
Investigating the resistance to fungi of the acoustical
materials based on poly7iiWl chloride resins. Plast. massy
no.2:68..69 164. (MIRA 17:8)

PESINP L.M.; DERKOVSKAYA, I.L.; GOLODNAYA, S.L.; IIUIOIOVITSKAYA, A.N.;
AKOPDZIIANYAN, E,A.
Removal of formaldohydo from the waste waters of tho production
of carbamide resins. 11-IRst. massy no-8:58-60 164.
(1-1111A 17:12)

ADONTSp G.T.; AYRAPETYANq G.A.; AXOPMRANYANs, G.D.; GAMBURYAN, K.A.
.,Investigation of the stability of the Transcaucasian Electric Power
System in conjunction with the introduction of Mingechaur-Atarbokyan
intersystem electric power transmission. Izv. AN Arm*SSRoSeratekhe
nauk 13 no.6:19-38 160. "MIRA 140)
Is Institut elektrotekhaiki AN AruWanskoy SSR,
(Traaacaucasia-Interconnected electric utility systems)