SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT TOMASHOV, N.D. - TOMASHOV, N.D.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001756210008-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 3, 2001
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Corrosion and Protection of Steel (cont.) SOV/3133
And.reyevaj V.G. [Engineer], P-V- Strekalov [Engineer], and M.A. Vedeneyeva.
Corrosion Resistance of MIBNgr-steel Welded Joints 228
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PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3587
Toinashov, Nikon Danilovich
Teoriya korrozii i zashchity metallov (Theory of Corrosion and Pro-
tection of Metals) Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. 591 p. Errata
slip inserted. 4,000 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Institut fizicheskoy khimii.
Eds.of Pdblishing House: N.G.* Yegorov and A.V. Shreyder; Tech. Ed.-
I.F. Kuzlmin.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for scientific research workers,
metallurgists and engineers studying the corrosion of metals and
methods of prevention.
COVERAGE: The book is an analytic study of the corrosion of metals.
Scientific principles governing the process of corrosion of metals
and means'of prevention are investigated. The author explains
the theory of corrosion and outlines its stages of development,
gives an analysis of solid bodies, and describes the crystalline
Card 1/24

Theory of Corrosion (Cont.) SOV/3587
structure of metals.and thei main features of electrolytes. Part
I treats chemieal'corrosiori: the mechanism of o74d4tion, growth
of films and the laws,go~eiiUn this phenomenon, and protection
'g
of metallic structures by'alloying and coating. Part II analyzes
Oroblems of elbetrochemical",corrosion: electrode potentials,
the operation of corrosive galvanic cells, corrosive currents,
polarization and depolar~z&Lion phenomena, and factors inhibiting
and accele'rating electrochemical corrosion. Part III outlines
the mechanism of.-corrosion'and'analyzes factors of atmospheric,
soil and.marine corrosion. Part IV investigates the corrosion
resistande'of various metals d4d alloys, anaXyzes the composi-
tion of different metals,,-bmd lists the metals most resistant
to corrosion. The concluslan contains a 'number of suggestions
for further study in corroiion prevention. The author thanks
k.N. Tyukina, Ye.N. Paleolog, G.P. Chernova,(Yu.N. 14ikhaylovskiy,
A.F. Lunev, M.A. Timonova, V.N. Modestova, T.V. Matveyeva,
A,V. Byalobzheakiy, N.P. Zhuk, AN. Shreyder, V.A; Titov,
M A. Vedeneieva, A.A. Lokotilov, G.K. Berukshtia, 0.01. Deryagina,
A:Z. Fddotova,, ~4.N. Fokin, Ye.N. Mirolyubov, N.T., Isayev, R.M.
Alltovskiy, P.V. Shchiglev, L.S. Kupriyanova, 0 N. Markova,
Card 2/24

Theory of Corrosion (Cont.) SOV/3587
'S.A. Baykova, L.A. Leonidov&, and Professors S.G. Vedenkin and
A.V. Ryabchenkov. Each chapter is accompanied by references.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Forewo rd 3
Ch. I. Introduction to Corrosion of Metals 7
1. Definition of.corrosion and protection of metals 8
2. Practical examples of combating corrosion of metals 9
3. Extent of dardage c,aused, by corrosion 10
4. Stages in the development of the study of the corrosion of
metals 12
5. Thermodynamics and kinelics of corrosive processes 14
6. Classification of corrosion 16
7. Basic data on the structure of solidbodies 20
a. Ionic bond 20
b. Atomic bond 21
c. Metallic bond 21
d. Molecular bond 23
Card 3/24

ISM16M MSE 1 21001 LXPWITATION 30V/22"
Zashchita padze*Mkh astallichookikh wooruzhonly at ka-118
t
l St
l
U
R
P
P
*L&
ruc
mpftvochn
k. (
rotection of
nderground
ures
rote
V& koftnunalluaga Mon.
CarrOstani Manual) Ploscows lad-vo N
;
ISMS. 1959. 743 P. Errata slip Ines t*4. 6.000 copies printed.'
N.I. lyabtsovl Rd. or rublishing Houset I.G. Akazav&s Tech.
Xd.i
d.
t To. 3. Petrovskayr..
FUR?=S Thin collection of articles Is intended sit a mxtual on
corrosion protection of underground metal ottructurao.
COTMOSs The book to divided Into four parts. The first part
gives bdorsistlazi an the chariPatert4tics of undergrau:Pd metal
structure& and sources of stray currents. -no second part doalx
with the theory of soil corrosion of metals wd the thoary or
corro Pion of metals by stray current. The third part deals with
the YrNloa or combating leakage from sources of stray current,
thads and devices for tavoatigatIng corrosion and tam ruzda-
:
atale of VI&VALag corrosion prevention. Tho fourth part ex-
plains meanxtres for preventing corrosion of underground metal
structures and gives the basic operating prizalplas at equipment
involved. Ito personalities are mentioned, Reference* follow
C&rd 1/26

Protection of Underground Metal (Cont.) SOV/2246
3. Characteristics of traction load 81
4. Characteristics of track 81
5. Potential zones of track 84
III. Subway track network(L.B. Krotov, Engineer) 88
1. General data 88
2. Causes of leakage from traction load 89
3. qharacteristics of traction load 89
4. Characteristics of track go
5. Potential zones of track 92
IV. Cathodic installations (M.I. Mikhaylov, Doctor of Tech-
nical Sciences, Professor) 93
V. D-c transmission lines (K.K. Nikollskiy) 93
PART TWO. THEORY OF METAL CORROSION IN SOIL 95
Ch. IV. Theory of Soil Corrosion of Metals (N.D. Tomashov,
__-
`
-
------~
5
Doctor of Economical Sciences, Profei
or) 95
I. Corrosion element 95
II. Factor controlling corrosion 100
Card 4A"

Protection of Underground Metal (ConL.) SOV/2246
III. Electrochemical mechanism of soil corrosion 105
1. Soil as a corrosion electrolyte 105
2. Anodic process 108
3. Cathodic process ill
Mechanism of oxygen cathodic depolarization 112
Mechanism of oxygen transfer in soil 115
Unequal -working efficiency of cathode ends and center 122
4. Significance of ohmic resistance 124
5. Nature of the control of soil corrosion 125
6. Features of the work of corrosion couples In soil
corrosion 126
Extended macrocouples determined by varying oxygen
penetration of individual sections of the soil 130
Macrocouples of local heterogeneity of soils 131
Macrocouples of uhderground structures of varying
depth 133
Macrocouples of the surface effect 134
IV. Corrosion Activity of Soils 135
1. Electric conductivity of soil 136
2. Moisture of soil 137
3 Acidity, pH value, and salt content of soil 137
Card 40;;d~

0 50) PHA3z I BOOK XXPWITA?tCN SOV/2216
34washchasslyt po elektrokhImil. 4th, Moscost. 1956.
Trudy... i I aborntk] (Transactions of the Fourth Conference on Elect-
rochomistry; Collection of Articles) Mosco-, Ixd-vo AM SS.St.,*
1
1959. W p. Errata slip Inserted. 2,500 copies printed.
3ponsoring Agancys Akademiya nauk: SSSR. Otdolonlyo killmicneskikh
nauk.
941torlal Boards A.)1. FrumUln (Weep. XdJ Academician. O.A Yooln,
Professors 3.1. Zhdanov (Reap. Secrotary)o 3.N. XAbassov. irc, -
fessor, 3.1. Zhdanov (Rosp. Socretary)l B.S. KAbsnov, Professor,
To. R. Kolocyrkin. Doctor or Chemical 3oloncoal V.V. L44av, F.D.
Lukowtoey.Professorl Z.A. 3olov*yoval V.V. Stander, Professor%
and O.M. PlorlossovIch; Ed of Publishing Houses N.Q. Yogorov.
Tech. Id.1 T.A. Pruaakova:
MRMSEc Thin back Is Intended for chemical and oloctrIcal engi.
n hyalcists, metallurgists and researchers Interested In
.!era, P
~%- .-ts of olectrocht-istry.
OVERAGES The book contains 127 Or the 138 reports prvsolt#,d at
the fourth Conference On Electrochemistry Sponsored -.7 the Do
nt of C part-
h0mIcAI Sciences And the Institute or Physical ch..I.t.,
Academy or Sciences. USSR. The collection pertains to different
branches of electrochemical kinetics. double 19YOr th*Orlos and
gal
rOL v1".1c P--oc 0540A In metal tIeCtrodepowiton and Ind4strial *Ject-
31 . Abridged discussions Are given at the end or each 4Ivi-
Sloss. The majority or reports not Included here have been
Published In Periodical 11terltum. No Pareonalitles are moll
References Are given At the and of most Or the artIclez,
Burahtsn-9. 9h (Inst tutf Of ZI#ctrQchwx1stry. Academy r
'-Si-I once&, '~55h ~. I,v!.t1S3tIn9 the ?&salvation of Metal&'
by the Oxygen method Of measuring the Contact Potgn-lal
Difference and Electrochemical Methods
Rlrolyubov, Ye. 11 - A-& u
wr-P1776-1*61 Chem 1. tY;=tM"d Mezyv ~ c&rnsd , t It' t
IvIty of Iron in Oxidizing Solutions Paga. 6c9
filial AN SSR-Ka zars! branc h.
Academy of Sciences, USSR). Some R*zularltiea of -p*
Anodle Dissolution of metals Under Conditions of L4cAl
rassivation
(00sudArstvenr'YY In,&,tltut prtkl&dno, khlm-1,
tate Institute of Applied Ch*
olutions try). Passivity of Iron
In Acid S 62.,
Passivation of Copper and Some of its
Card 24/ 34
X. M1khxyJv.kI7 (Institute or Physical
Y 6"C"OnCW11-4-173SR). XlectrachemicALI
moisture alon Processes under Adsorbed FLIPS Or

855h6
S/081/60/000/020/008/014
-S A006/A001
Translation from- Referativnyy zhurnal, Khimiya, 1960, No. 20, P, 295, # 814.39
AUTHORS: Tomashov,-N, ,, Berukshtis, G.K. tq
TITLE: A Method of Determining the Rate of Corrosion Processes Under Thin
Electrolyte Films is
PERIODICAL: Tr. In-ta fiz. khimii, AN SSW, 1959, No. 7, PP. 5-10
T M : The authors describe a new electrochemical method of determining
the corrosion rate from the magnitude of current on the model of a micro-corrosion
element, assembled from thin dissimilar metal plates having different electrochemi..
Cal potentials and serving as cathodes and anodes. The anode and cathode pla-,es,
altemating In the packet, are insulated from each other by a varnish or mica
layer. The operating surface of the model Is formed by the well-polished faces
of the metal plates and the insulation. The conventional thickness of the metal
pl~Ltes in ^./,0 .5 mm, and that of the insulation is 30 - 50p, , Contact parels
are arranged on -the lower section of the packet, connected with the =-del anodes
by conductors; all the cathodes are parallel switched to one common conductor.
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85546
S/081/60/000/020/1008/0 VL
A006/A001
A Method of Determining the Rate of Corrosion Processes Under Thin Electrolyte
Films
This method of switching makes possible to switch off any number of electrodes In
case of necessity and to change the correlation of the cathode and anode surfaces
of the model. It Is shown that this method makes possible the study of basic
regularities: the effect of -temperature, concentration ahd composition of the
electrolyte, and the intensity of mixing the medium, on the corrosion rate in ad-
sorption and visible moisture films and in the electrolyte volume; the methcd cali
be used to investigate the corrosion rate under various conditions.
A. Moskvicheva
Translator's note: This is the full translation of the original Russian abstract.
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S-.108116010C0,1020100 4/0 14
Aoo6/Aooi
Ttanslaticn from: Refera4.ivn3rj zhurnal, Paim.1ya, 1960, No. 20, p. 294, # 81433
AU111CPS: Tomashov, N.D. Modestova,V.N., Blinchevskiy, G.K.
TIM - Methods of Investigating CorrosioAnd Electrochemical Behavllor of
Metals Under Stress
41t~
PERIODICAL: Tr. In-ta fiz. khimii, AN SSSR), 1959, No. 7, pp. 611-7?
TEXT 1 4
The design of a machine was developed for corrosin tests .mder s,
with a time-constant load, permitting the operation at-. higher tempera-~ureE and
mea-s--jrIng simultaneously the potential of the z~pecilmen. The ~_~:rrosion behavior
under stress of MA9 alloy was tested (low-alloy magnesium base al.10y) In 0.001 n.
NaCl solution and in a solution containing 35 g/l NaCl + 20 g/1 K2Cr04, 't 's
shown that in 0.001 n. NaCl solution, when stress is absent., the corrcslon def -sc 11--s
appear in the form of multiple rounded micropittings. In the presence c-f s~r~z_z.
t-he micropittings transform Into slits or intercrystallite crackS, in a 35 g/1
Gard 112

8/081/60/000/020/004/014
A006/A001
MethQda of Investigating Corro-ilon mid Bloctr,-,ohrimioal Behav.1cr of Metalls Under
Str", F
NeCl + 20 g/1 K2Cr04 solution, coarse spotty c:;rrcsi.-~n. is ct-scrvei, 'IT.,e stresE
dct)s practically no affect the shape of pitAngs.
From -the au!,hcrs' suomary
Translator's note, This is the full translation of the original Russian abs'.~ralc'..
Card 2/2

S/ 137/60/000/00 8/00 9/00 9
AO061AOOI
, y zhunaal, Metallur-glya, 1960, No. 8, P. 316,
Translation from: Roterativay
18903
AVff'r1Ort-qz'. Tomashov, N. D., Isayeq, N, 1,
T- MLE Using the Ohmic--Capar~it7 Method to lrvestigat -3 ' ;~ie Behavior of
Protective Films During ".-orrosion of Metals In Strained Sta.. t'e
I - _,_ AN SSSR, 19-159, No~ 7, PP. 78-84
PERIODICAT-z Tr. in-ta -iz. khImly
TEX--'- -Ihe a7u-~hors describe a method consisting in the combined measurement
of a double eleotric layer cr metal surfacios (met-ai-electraly~e) and of the c.--Lmic
resistance, to s-IC-udy the state of a protective oxide film drIr.9 corrosion -'Lndi~-
tensile stress ocnditions. There are 7 references, 11
ytz' L,
TraazElatorv s note. This is 4;),---- full I.ranslation of tha original Rbissian abstra:~t,.
ca-ni 1/1

05YO
S/081/60/000/017/007/016
A0061AOol
Tran5lat-ion from! Referativnyy zhurnal, Khimiya, 1960, No. 17, PP. 74-75,
68756
AUI-iC'RS~ Fokin, M.N., Matveyeva,_T V, Tomashov., N.D.
LTIE1 Cells for Testing Metal-Solution Systems Under the Effect of Elec-
T
tronic Radiation With Consideration of Polarization Phenomena
PZR7-ODI*CAL-, Tr. In-ta fiz. khimii AN SSSR, 1959, No. 7, PP. 114-118
Designs of a cell are suggested where the metallic electrode is
pc~larized anodically (cell a) and cathodically (cell b) during electronic irradia-
ticn of the metal-solution system. Characteristics of radiation are: electron
energy/--/ 1 Mev; density of the electron flux: 3.3 x 1013 electron/cm2,. see; V~
pcwer ofo dcse ~n a layer of the solution near the electrode of 1-mm thickness;
6.6 x 10 ev'/cm-,-' sec. Thickness of the layer of the circulating solution (3%
NaCi) over the electrcde in cell "a!'. 1 and 10 mm (less and more than the thick-
ness of the layer of full absorption of the electron radiation energy). In cell
"a!' at a thickness of the solution lay6r equal to I mm, the corrosion rate of
Card 112

85373
S/081/60/000/017/007/016
A006/AO01
Celle for Teating Metal-Solution Systems Under the Effect of Electronic Radiation
Wi~h Ccnslderation of Polarization Phenomena
ix iBH97 (1Kh18NNqT-) steel is by 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of a non-
irra:!Ia-'~ed The nature of destruction and the corrosion rate in irradia-
!"-,^.n are differen-. from those with anodic polarization of the specimen from an
ex,,;ei-ia.~. cur,.rent 20urce. These differences were not observed if the thickness of
th-e layer waB 10 mm. The placing of-:a protector or cathodic polarization of the
sps:Imen in zell "a!' protects it against increased corrosion during irradiatioR~r
D. Kokoulina
lran~_zlatorls note, This is the full translation of the original Russian ab-
stract.
C--,L-.d 2/2

S-jl() 811-401COO10 17/008/0 16
A0061AO01
TranSlation Refera:*.ivn3rj zhurnal, Khimiya, 1960, No. 17, P. 75, # 68757
AUV-10RS,,, T-y-,ikina, M,N.,, Zalivalov, F.P., Tomashov, N.D,
Electr=_Microsc,.~pisal Study of the Microstructure of Anodic Oxide
Films on Alumin'M Y1
PER---.)D:CAL:j T-r. in-ta fiz. khimil, AN SSSR, 1959, Nc. 7, PP. 165-174
MXT" The au~h--,r's 2tuiled the effect of electrochemical conditions of ob-
taining oxide f--1,T~=_ on Al u.pon their structure and pl-tysicc-chemical proper-
zies. The Al surfa-e was Investigated after removal of the oxide film In hot
zolut ion of 35 m!,/1 H P04 and 20.g/1 CrO The surface of the oxide film and
-the -4~ranEverse ard 11~2gitudiralj. OP~he oxide film were also studied. A
mi~tt,_,J IS dessribed cf cbtainlng zarbon Imprints from anodic oxide film splits.
It is st~-wn -hat an.-dic oxide films on Al surfaces consist of close-packed cells
in +,h,--- form. of hsxagonal priamS, a--ranged -with their base faces parallel to the
ancd~_ aarface. ae cellula.- strract,,re is formed within 3-7 sec after application
c-f -~he ar.;-_~de current and dc,~-s no,!% change with a fur-.her growth of the oxide film
C.--t-i 1/2

-S1/0 81160100010 17/00 8/016
A006/AO0 1
E1e-,tron--Mi:r:3cop1ca1 Study of the Microstriciure of Anodic Oxide Films on
AII~.mltnum
1he pore size ir. the oxide film increase linearly with an Increase
~he tEn-;zion. It is shown 4.hat the particular pr,~pertias of anodic
f411Lrr---, enardnes.~., ras4tstance againat corrosion and wear) obtained by the
r.f hard an-d!zIng, arf~ explained by the 1noreased size' of" oxide cells,
f~~rming ~-ht~ .-.xide -"-1m, dUe to the -thickenlrg of their walls.
Yu. Polukarov
Is '~he full trancla-ion of the
original Russian ab-
et,ract.
Card 2/2

9 1(6)
AUTHORSi Zaliyalov, F. P.v Tyukinar M. N-# BOY/32-25-6-17/53
Tomashov, N. D.
TITLEt Investigation of the Mierostructure of Anodic Oxide Films on
Aluminum by the Aid of the Electron Microscope
(Issledovaniye mikroetruktury anodnykh okianykh plenok na
alyuminii pri pomoshchi elektronnogo mikrookopa)
PMODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoiiya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 6, pp 696-69s (usrn)
ABSTRACT: A method was deviss4, permitting the determination of the cell
structure of anodic oxide films on aluminum (Fig 1). By this
method no impression is taken of the film on the metallic
anode surface (Ref 1); instead, replicas are prepared of such
films. The method is based on the operation of taking off
and subsequently comminuting the oxide film, thus obtaining
mioroscopic particles which are split along the side-
(longitudinal section) or bottom- (arose section) plane of
the hexagon lattice structure. Reproductions of these planes
of shear may be obtained by the carbon-replica method (Ref 2).
The preparation procedure is described. Observations were made
with the electron microscope EM-3 or UEN-100, and the samples
Card 1/2 under investigation were of AVOOO aluminum (99.99 % Al)9 which

investigation of the Microstruoture of Anodic Oxide SOV/32-25-6-17/53
Filtis on Aluminum by the Aid of the Elpatron Microscope
wwe oxidized anodically in a 4 % sulphurio acid solution by
the method of the hard anodization (Refs 3, 4) (Figs 2, 3).
The figures show that the oxide film is a dense packing of
cells in the form of hexagon prisms. Data are' supplied of
the dimension and quantity of cells (Table); they agree with
data obtained with an earlier described method-(Ref 1).
There are 3 figures, I table, and 4 references, 2 of which
are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of S.Piences, USSR)
Card 2/2

28(5) SOV/32-25-6-19/53
AUTHORSi Tomashov, N. D., Isayev, N. 1.
TITLEs Method of Investigating Corrosive and Electrochemical Properties
of Metals in the State of Stress (Metod issledovaniya korro-
zionnykh i elektrokhimicheskikh avoystv metallov v napryazhennom
sostoyanii)
PERIODICALi Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 6, PP 700 - 7o2 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs Phase oxide filme on metal surfaces exhibit a greater electric
resistance so that a change In electric resistance and capacity
is observable when submitting a sample to a stress causing the
destruction of the oxide film. The degree of film destruction
may be evaluated by the rate and magnitude of such variations.
A system was devised '.~-_eud_, on this principle and
the investigation of the surface oxide layer state according
to the electric resistance-capacity method in sample stressing
treatments. It may be observed from the scheme of the system
(Fig 1) and from the description that an electr1c current supplied
by an AC generator ZG-10 and having a potential of 10-15 mv is
used here. The circuit compensation is done by selecting
Card 1/2 appropriate capacities with the AC current resistor KMS-6. The

Method of Investigating Corrosive and Electrochemical BOV/32-25-6-19/53
Properties of Metals in the State of Stress
compensation moment is determined according to the minimum
of the AC current amplitude on the oscillograph. The test takes
place in a special vessel (Fig 2) in which the wire-shaped
sample is stretched (diameter 1-2 mm). The experimental results
obtained (Fig 3 on anodized aluminum, Fig 4 electropolished Al,
Pig 5 stainless 3Kh13 steel) show that in the case of deforma-
tions damaging the oxide film the capacity of the latter is
increased, electric resistance drops and the electrode potential
shifts to more negative values. This holds for the case that
the new-formed oxide films (on the damaged spots) exhibit a
weaker electric resistance than the primary films. To be sure,
also now oxide filma may form whose conductivity is lower than
the one of primary films as, for example, is the case with
3Kh13 steel In 12 n HNO3 (Pig 6). There are 6 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk 3SSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR)
Card 2/2

28 (5)
AUTHORS: Tomashov, ff. D., Byalobzheakiy, A. V., SOV/32-25-6-31/53
VaIllcov, V. D., Zalivalov, F. P.
TITLE: Device for the Rapid Determination of the Quality of Anodic
Oxide Films on Aluminum and Its Alloys (Pribor dlya bystrogo
opredeleniya kachestva anodnykh okianykh plenok na
alyuminii i yego splavakh)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 6, pp 738--739 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: For the detection of defective parts of anodic films the
device K-1 by G. V.-A-kimov and Ye. N. Paleolog is
usually used. The device permits the detection of very small
defects does, however, not indicate the general quality of
l/
the fi
m; another disadvantage is the use of a sodium
chloride solution which may lead to a corrosion of the film.
Therefore, a new device was designed, K-2 - very similar to
K-1; the mode of operation of the new device is based upon
the fact that the conductivity of the anodic oxide film is
the greater the more porous it is. The construction of the
detector of defects (Fig 1) is somewhat modified, stainless
steel 1 Kh18N9 or zink serve e. g. as electrode as copper
qard 1/2 and aluminum may together form an electric cell. The device

Device for the Rapid Determination of the Quality of SOV/32-25-6-31/53
Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum and Its Alloys
ig 2, Scheme) has piles as direct-current transmitters
2-4 v) so that-a non corroding electrolyte may be used
9.1 % solution of potassium.- or sodium bichromate). There
r
are 2 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
Card 2/2

4V
Is (7) 05727
AUTHORS: Tomashov N. D Andreyev, L. A., SOV/32-25-1,o-i6/63
Isayev, N. I. do
TITLE: Comprehensive Investigation or Stress-Coirrosion Craeking -PrWesses
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 10, pp 1200 - 1203
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: A device and a suitable method for simultaneous microscoDic and
electrochemical investigation of Stress -corro'sion cracking proc-
eases were developed. The device includes a tensile-tes+ing
machine with a visual and measuring recording system. Axial
tensile loads up to 250 kg can be applied; the total electrode
potential of the metal, and the potentials in the resulting
cracks, are automatically recorded, and visual observation of
the propagation kinetics of cracks is possible. The tests are
carried out in a corroding medium which is constantly renewed.
place on the tensile-testing
The loading (stretching) takes
'
machine (Fig 1) by means of a metal spring, and is adjusted by
a set wheel. Visual observation of the sample (of cracks) is
done by a microscope of type MIS-11. The tensile-testing ma-
chine was adjusted by a dynamometer of type DS-1. Immediately
Card 113 before the test loading, the corrodink liquid was put on the

05? 7 2 7
Corpildifensive -Investigation of Streas-Corrosion Cracking SOV/32-25-1 0-16/6-1
Processes
sample by a glass tube. The changes in the electrochemical po-
tential in the cracks were measured by means of appropriate
capillaries, an electron amplifier (Fig 2, Diagram), and a loop
oscillograph of type MPO-2. The corrosion of alloy MA 2 was
tested in a solution of Na2CrO4(20 g11) and NaCl (35 g11). The
oacillogram (Fig 3) of the potential changes on the sample sur-
face on stretching shows that, by the destruction of the oxide
film, an intense formation of anode segments occurs producing
a maximum in the oscillogram. New microcells (oxide-film pores)
formed at the same time effect a retardation of anodic polariza-
tion on the whole metal surface. The appearance of cracks
causes the formation of a steadily increasing anodic segment.
From a visual point, of view, the propagation of cracks can be
divided into 3 periods: (1) The incubation period (from the be-
ginning of loading until the formation of cracks); (2) the
period of uniform propagation of cracks (formation of hydrogen
bubbles), and (3) the period of accelerated crack development
(apparently of purely mechanical character). An increase in
Card 2/3 load shortens 'he first and second periods, and slightly ac-

05727
Comprehensive Inveatigation of Streass-Corrosion Cracking SOV/32-25-10-16/63
Processes
celerates the third one. The results obtained confirm the as-
sumption of a film-ele,.~Ilrochemical mechanism of stress corro-
sion c_rac,1,,i_ig.There are 7) figures and 2 references, I of which
is Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
Card 3/3

50), 18M SOV/76-33-71-17/41
AUTHORS: Tonashov, N. D., Al'tovskiy, R. 11.
TITLE: Investigation of the Mechanism of Electrochemical Corrosion
of Titanium (Issiedovaniye mekhanizma elektrokhimicheskoy
korrozii titana). I. Effect of the Halogen Ions Upon the
Corrosion and Electrochemical.,Beh--vior of Titanium in Sul-
furic Acid (I. Yliyaniye galoidnykh ionov na korrozionnoye
i elektrokhimicheskoye povedeniye titana v sernoy kislote)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimiiv 1959, Vol 33, lir 3,
pp 61o - 616 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Recently several investigations have been carried out
dealing with the corrosion properties of titanium, for
titanium has properties well suited for construction material.
The present paper deals with the effect of the Cl--, Br_-
and J - ions upon the behavior of Ti in sulfuric acid so-
lutions. Cold-rolled titanium tin VT-1D (0.12;j Fe,

0.022 - 0.023%, 11, 0.23 - 0.261-' 01 0.0550' Si and 0,017 ' 11)
7,7
P
was investigated. The experiments were carried out in the
Card 1/ 3 air and in hydrogen atmosphere. The rate of corrosion was

Investigation of the M-echanism of Electrochemical SOV/76-7,3-3-17/41
Corrosion of Titanium. I. Effect of the Halogen Ions Upon the Corrosion
and Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium in Sulfuric Acid
determined according to the loss in weight and the halogen
ions were added in form of their Na-salts. The experimen-
tal results obtained confirm the assumption that the corrosion
behavior of Ti is determined by a coating of an oxide film
on the metal. Thus, it is possible to explain observations
as to a Ti-activation in diluted sulfuric acid in the pre-
sence of oxyL~-en and a considerable potential shift towards
more negative values in connection with a purification of
the titanium 3urface. The addition of J--ions produced in
several cases an increased corrosion resistance of titanium
which is due to a passivation by the formation of a complex
ion J_. Cl_- and Br__ ions have a double effect; in diluted
3
acid solutions where titanium is pausivated they cause an
activation; and in concentrated acid solutions with activated
titanium they cause a passivation. The nature of the effect
of C1 - and Br - ions depends on the state of the Ti-surface
and the formation of an adsorption- or phase protective film
Card 2/3 respectively. There are 5 figures and 13 references, 6 of

Investigation of the Mechanism of Electrochemical OOV/76-33-3-17/41
Corrosion of TitaiLium. I. Effect of the Halogen lons Upon the Corrosion
and Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium in Sulfuric Acid
which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Akademiya nauk SSSR, Institut fizicheskoy khimii,Moskva
(Academy of Sciences, USSR, Institute of Physical Chemistry,
Moscow)
SUBMITTED: July 18, 1957
Card 3/3

5(2,4) SOV/2o-124-6-29/55
AUTHOR; Tomashov, 11~ D-- , Mikhaylovskiy, Yu. N.
TITLE': Mechanism of Anodic Diosolution of Metals in Soils (Mekha-
M-.,w ariodnogo ra.9tvoreniya metallov v pochvalh)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Mcademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 124, lir 6,
PP 1265 - 12CIO (USSR)
ABST21ACT: Por the dissolution mentioned in the title as well as for
electrolytes t!..o g-ozieral equation holds:
M11 0
2
Me 7 Me M1120 + ne0, in which the primary stage
of the process is a migration of the metual ion into the soil
electrolyte, As far as the anodic process is acoompanied
by a hydration of the forming metal ions the presence of
a certain amount of moisture in the soil is an indispensable
condition (Ref 1).. Greater variations in the moisture of
natural soi13 may have a considerable influence upon the
rate of anodic mGtal dissolution. In this connection the
authors mention the investi,~,ation results of the aforesaid
Card process in the case. of "Armko" iron soils of different

Mlechanism of Anodic Dissolution of Yetals in Soils SOV12o-124-6-29155
moisture, Figure I gives ancdic polari,-~ation curves ob-
fained ir, tLe caac of iron electroden in sand with 1-20c".
moi,sture in which case the moisture was aLldod in form of
,aCl solution. From the results it can be seen that the
stable potential of iron is shifted into the positive range
in the case of decreasing soil moisture; the inhibitions
of tho anodic rcaction increase. A similar dependence exists
i-i loam :,oils- From tl!c resulto obtainod it can be seen t1hat
the derisity of the self -dissolution currents increases with
deexeasirG! soil moi--ture, in connection Yrith making less
complicate the cathodic process (Ref 1) whereas, the stable
potential of iron is shifted on the general curve I into
the positive ran,-,e (Fig ~,). TJ1u6, the corrosion rate in-
creazes as calculated for the active (just moistened) anodic
surface with decr3asinl- soil moisture. If the this rate
is calculated for the visible surface the former will in-
,~rease. only as lon.- as the mankin,,,r less complicated at the
cathodic process proceeds more rapidly than the shrinking
of the active surface. In the case of a further decrease
:?i moisture the entire rate of metal corrosion will decrease
d in consequence of the pas3ivation of the basic surface of

c,-r AncrI4,- Dics(Aiition of lic', is -'n Soil--
I a Sol! .1/55
the metal. There are 7~ figures, I table and 6 Sovict r,2-fer-
ences,
ASSL'CIATION: Institut fizichoskoy khimii Akadc~mii nauk 3'.!3R (D,-;ti'utc of
Physical CI-,.cmiotr,, of t),.e Ara,';cj,-,y of ScierjcL-s, U,
PRESENTED: Novembcr 6, 19-18j by Ir. I. Spitsyn, Acadamician
SUBMIT2ED: 110v~~;.-Ibcr "I'S. 1958
Card 3/3

5 (4)
AUTHORS: Mirolyubov, Ye. ff. t Kurtepovt Lt. M., SOV/20-125-6-32/61
Tomashov, N. D.
TITLE: On Some Particular Features of the Cathode Process on
Stainless Steel in Solutions of Nitric Acid'(0 nekotoi-ykh
osobennostyakh katodnogo protsessa na nerzhaveyushchikh
stalyakh v rastvorakh azotnoy kisloty)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959P Vol 125, Nr 6,
pp 1288-1291 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The processes mentioned in the title were investigated by
plotting cathode-polarization curves (Fig 1). Investigations
were carried out for chromium- and chromenickel steels
containing niobium, and, for comparison, a platinum electrode.
The dependence of corrosion on the potential is.shown by
figure 2. The following was found: The maximum burrent
depends on the composition of the electrode; overvoltage in
the cathode process is lower in the case of steel than in
that of platinum. These phenomena are explained by a
disturbance of passivation as a result of cathodic polarization
followed by the formation of nitrous acid (as autocatalyst)
Card 1/2 by the reducing effect exercised by the substances removed

On Some Particular Features of the Cathode Process on SOV/20-125-6-32/61
Stainless Steel in Solutions of Nitric Acid
from the steel upon the nitric acid. There are 2 figures and
11 references, 5 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute
for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
PRESENTED: January 24, 1959, by A. IA. Frumkin, Academician
SUBMITTED: January 24, 1959
Card 2/2

5(4)
ILUTHORSt Tomaohovv K*.Do, Isayev, U. 1. SOV/20-126-3-45/69
TITLEt The Stability of the Passive State of Mechanical Stresses in
Metals (Ustoyohivast' passivnogo sostoyaniya mekhanicheski
napryazhennogo metalla)
P010DICZ4 Doklady Akademii naik SSSR,. 1959,.Vol 1269 Nr 3, pp 619-622 (usul
ABSTRICTt U ia'said in the introduction to the present paper that the
influence of-mechanical stres.ses upon the electrode potential has
hitherto been hardly investigated and that it may be seen from
such publications as me available that mechanical stresses-shift
the electrode potential in the negative,direction. It is looked
upon.as obvious that the variation of the cathode potential is
caused by a variation of the internal energy of -the metal;-a
corresponding equation is given with formula (1). For the case in
which the thermal effect of deformation is low compared to the
mechanical work of deformation,,formula, (2) Is given for the
variation of the cathode potential. The.variations of -the
cathode potential are described as being very small on the basis
of these formulas, even in.the case of strong deformation, and
-
they never exceed 3 - 5 mv. As
experimental measuring values are
Card 1/3 .
higherp the destruction of the oxide film is bonsidered to be a

The Stability of the Passive State of Mechanical- Stresses S07/20-126-3-45/69
in metals
further cause of the variation of tho cathode potential in the
case of further stresses. It is then said that the state of the
oxide film determines the active or passive state of the metal,
and that it is.thus.possible.to investigate the influence
exeroised by mechanical stresses upon the passive state,of the
metal. The experiments were carried out on wire bamplea, and the
alloys and their mechaaical properties are g;1ven' As a corroding
medium, a solution of HaN and KiCr.07 is given: The results
0i_ - :~
bbtained aria shown by diagrams, The 11ist diagram' (Fig 1) shows
thov-sri'"ibin' ' w:Wi respect Ao. time of the -potential and of
cap#c it y ijd'tbe primar;y passivation of carbon steel, and the
second diagram (Fig 2~ shows the same for stainless steel. It wss
found that,-in'.the case of the carbon steel investigated, the
potential goes-over into the active state if the short-time stress
causes a plastic deform tion of the metal. In the case of the
stainless steel investigated, only very *Ught activation is-
caused even in the case of mechanical stress being very high.
Finally, it is shown that -at, the moment at *i6h the stress is
Card 2/3 applied two factors-become active in the metal. The one is

The Stability of the Passive State of mooliwical 3tresses BOV/20-126-3-45/69
in Metals
maohanioal stress, which has an activating effect, the other is
the-oxidizing agent, which counteracts aotivation. After the
decrease of the deformation of the oxide film, passivation by the
96lution predominates. There are.3 figurea and 10 references,,
6 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCUTICUt Inatitut fizichoskoy khimii Akademii nmk SSSR (Institute of
Pby%~ical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
PRESENTED: February 110-1959 by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SU W TTEDt January 29, 1959
Card 3/3

- i'~ O-V V-I ~A. D.
"The corrosion and passivity of titanium."
report to be submitted at Gordon Pesearch Conferences - New Lond--n 77~-- an:;
Y A--
Meriden, N.H., 13 June-2 Sep 60.
Institute of Physical Chemistry.

PHASE I BOOK RIPWITATION SOV/4TS2
Moscow. Inatitut stall
rro:xvodstvo I obrabotka stall I oplarov (Production and Treatment
r Steel and Alloys), Moscow, KetallurgIrdst, 1960. 462 P.
(3oriess Itat Sbornik, 39) 2,100 copies printed.
Id.;2e. A. Borko. Ed. or Publishing Houses S. I. Zinger; Tech.
I M. R. Kle7n=an. rAltorial Cz:uncll of =9 Inztitutai M. A.
GLInkov, Proressarv Doctor of Technical Sciences; R. N. Origoranho
Docents Candidate or Technical Sciences; V. P. Yelyutln, Professor,
Doctor or Technical Sciences, A. A. Zhukhovitsk.17, Prcressor.
Doctor of Checdcoa 3cloncess 1. X. KIdln, Professor, Doctor of
Tec,halcal Sciencoal B. 0. LivahIts, Professor, Doctor of Tech-
nical Sciences; A. P. Lyublmov, Professor, Doctor of Technical
Sciences; 1. M. Pavlove Corresponding Member, Academy or Sciences
USSR, and A. X. Pokhvisnov, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences.
PURPOUt This book Is Inten4ed for technIcaa personnel In industry,
scientific Institutions and schools of higher educationo dealing
with Open-hearth and eleotr1c-furmace steeLzaking, metal rollIng,
physical netallum7p metallosraphr* and heat-troatment. It may
card I/LO
- -_ - - f
&ISO 1~0 need by xtuients specializing In these fields.
CCVIR=s The book cootains results of theoretical and experiment-
al LavestigatIons of metallurgical and heat-enaneering processes
in Open-hearth and electric furnaces. Data are Included on the
followinst dtsul-furising of pig irom outside the blatt rurnace,
interaction or oxides or the carblde-ror=lng metals with solid
earbon, the change or content of gases in the bath of the open-
haarth furnace In various periods of melting, Intensification of
the *I*Otr'IIJ melting of steel, ate. Other at-ticles deal With
the 0OnunIfQM1t7 Of deformation In rolling, the study of the
continuous rolling process, the dependence of the friction-
221PPags coefficients In rolling on a number of factors, and
other problems in the pressworkIng of metals. Articles on
physical. metallurgy and the theoretical principles and tachnique3
or the beat treatment of steel are Also Included. No personall-
Use are mentioned. ROfbrences accc=;)Rny most of the articles.
There ars 207 rereron".8, both Soviet and non-Soviet.
Card 2/10
Car 1 3 D cent, Candidate of Technical Sclencest V. M.
gaaa: zngtneer T 3hchedrin, Engineer [DeparUfmit'
caaamar- my, and--_
3
of the PUT2100 Xetals :nd1k-3RhYh1-dX1Xn173n 1. Effect or Strain
DIstortlans and Aging an the Diffusion Rate In Nickel-Based
Alloys 381
d~
tj ~3?o ov, Engineer (Department or
112~ I.-ItIgition 0 ke
.4 . 'DiTormation of Metal In Dlagon-
1.01.1 - ~
al Dean Passes 400
__9jj2Ins_1L_X_.CandIdat* or Technical Sciences [Department or
glee trotechnic a]. Magnotio Viscosity of High-Cceralvity Alloys 422.
v X Doctor or chemicai Sciences. and x P uk and
-w: .. . ro yu , v dates of Chemical 3cIencgWTB.`p2;~_'ii;?T;
.. --ch z X.-J. --r or iron and Stool In OxIdIz-
Ing Solutions 438
~Prwv, A. M., Doctor of Chemical Sciences, and_Z, 2. Kozel,,
CXn~s Chemical Sciences IDepartmout of Ani'lUtl-elt-
cam 9;qO

z2 1
fit ACV
I a, I~ 1
V;. vul,
4" Fs ~
I E
nil I SH 1
n
f0
fill r- .1-3.
all 4 %
44 n
REY
ale a
0 A

27215
S/081/61/000/014/013/030
B103/B217
AUTHORS: Tomashov, N. D.9 Mikhaylovskiy, Yu. N.
r-
TITL-Es Electrochemical theory of underground corrosion of metals
PERIODICALt Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 14, 19611 332, abstract
144182. (Tr. In-ta fiz. khimii. AN SSSR, 1960, vyp. 8,
190 - 216)
TEXT: The authors examined data on the effect of soil structure and
properties (humidity, permeability) on cathodic and anodic processes in
underground corrosion. It was found that the rate of uniform total
corrosion I corr of a metal in the soil can be calculated from the equationv~
Icorr = KI Kia/ (IK + Ia). where K is a constant, IK is the density of the
cathodic limiting current at an iron electrode in the soil concerned
(oxygen permeability of soil), I a is the density of the anodic current at a
given potential. The rate of local corrosion (4') can be estimated from
the oxygen permeability of soil I K and from its resistance AIK/Y
Card 1/2
in

27215
S/061/61/000/014/013/030
Electrochemical theory of... B103/B217
where A is a constant. The possibility of formation of large macrofields
is determined by the equation.1 - BA IvIAlf-1, whore B is a constant, I,1A1
is the change of oxygen permeability in a soil section of lengthA 1. On the
basis of these assumptions a device for estimating the corrosive activity
of soils was designed and constructed. [Abstracter's notes Complete
translation-3
Card 2/2

TOMASHOV, N.D.; MIMAYLOVSKIY, Yu*N.; LLONOV, V.V.
. Inveatigating the work of d4fferential aeration couples in soils.
Trudy inst.fiz.khim. 8:217-225 160. (MA 14:4)
(Soil corrosion)

j.OMASHOVI, KRASNOYARSKIY, V.V.; MIKHAYLOVSKIY, Yu.N.
Field testing of the corrosion of steels ins oils. Trudy Inst.fiz.
khim. 8:226-234 160. (MIRA 14:4)
(Steel-Corrosion) (Soil corrosion)

---- - -- -
TOMASHOV, N.D.; LUITEV, A.F.; IGNATOVA, Z.I.
- - ---------------
Studying the protective properties of coatings by the capacitahce-
-resistance method* Trudy Inst.fiz.khim. 8:254-263 160.
(IMU 14:4)
(Protective coatings-Testing)
(Electric testing)

TOMASHOV, N.D.- LUNEV, A.F.; GEDGOVD, K.N.
Investiga,ion of ion penetration and the_poredity of protective
coatings by means of iagged atoms. Trudy Inst.fiz.khim. 8:264-
275 160. (MIRA 14:10
(Protective coatings-Testing) (Ions-Migration and velocity)
(Radioactive tracers)

TOMASHOV., N.D.; MIKHAYLOVSKIY, YU-N-; LOPOVOK, G.G.
Testing of insalation coatings for cracking during flexure. Trudy
Instdiz.khim. 8:276-280 160. (MA l4t4)
(Protective coatings-Testing)

KRASNOYARSKIY, V.V.; LUNEV, A.F.;.TOMASHOV, N.D.
------ --
Field testing of protective coatings on underground pipelines.
'i Trudy Inst.fiz.khim. 8:281-290 160. (KIRA 14:4)
(Pipelineo-Corrosion) (11rotective coatings-Testing)

..TOMASIIOV, N.D.; MIKRAYLOVSKIY, Yu.N.; LEONOVI V.V.
Kinetics of the deterioration of portective coatings on metals in
elect,rolytes. Trudy Inst.fiz.khim. 8:291-296 160. (1-11RA .14:4)
(Protective coatings) (Electrolytic corrooion)

(-.TObIASHQV,-IU.; MIKHAYLOVSKIY; YU.N.; LEONOVO V.V.
Kinetics of cathodic Imocesses in the corrosion of metals under
protective coatings, Trudy Inst.fizekhim. 8:297-304 160.
(MIRA 24:4)
(Protective coatings) (Electrolytic corrosion)

- TOYA!!4W..-J9-D-,-doktor khimiabeekikb nauk; ZMJK, N.P., kandekbimicheskikh
nauk-; KNOMMOV, U.N., kand.khimicheakM nauk
Behavior of iron and steel In oxidizing solutions. Sbor.
Inst.stall no.39:438-449 160. (KEM 13:7)
1. Kafedrs, korrozii metallov Nomkovskogo ordem Mrudovogo
Krasnogo Znameni instituta, stali im. X.V.Stmlina.
(iron--corrosion) (Steel--Corrosion)
(Oxidizing agents)

TOMASHOV, N.D.; ALITOVSKIY, R.M.; KUSENMYt M-Ya.
Method for removing thin oxide films from titanium surfaces and study
of their structures. Zav.1ab. 26 no.3-.298-301 '60. (MIRA 13:6)
1. Institut fizicheskoy khimii Almdemii nauk SSSR.
(Titanium oxides)

27514
S/o6y60/O33/006/019/041/XX
D217 D302
AUTHORS: Tomashov, N.D., Chernova, G.P., and Markova, O.N.
TITLE; I~Hu_enc_eof 'anodic polarization on the intercrystal-
line corrosion of stainless chromium-nickel steels
I
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal 3~ikladnoy khimiit V. 33t no. 6p 1960,
1324 - A34
TEXT: The possibility of protecting steels against general and
intercrystalline corrosion by means of anodic polariWtion in sua-
phuric acid solutions and in soluvons used for testing the ten-
dency to intercrystalline corroeionp was investigated. The mate-
rial testedpwas 2Xl8H9 steel (2KhlBN9) (free from titanium~ , con-
taining 0.15 - 0.25 % C. This steel, as quenched from 1050 and
subsequently tempered at 6500 for 2 hourst is known to be liable
to fail by intercrystalline corrosion. Untempered, however, it
does not tend to fail by this mechanism. This steel was therefore
tested in both doni%Ltiona. The tendency to failure was determined
after boiling Ay a solution of the following composition: 160 g
Card 1/3

27524
8/080/60/033/006/019/041/XX
Influence of anodic polarization D217/11302
CUS04 - 5H20 + 100 cm 3H2S04 (Bog. 1.84) + 1000 ml H2 0 with addi-
tion of copper filings. The behavior of the stainless steel 2Khl8-
Mg was investigated in the above range of potentials (from - 0.13
- +lo3 V) in order to study its corrosion behavior and develop
methods of-protecting it against Intercrystalline corrosion. The
study of the influence of anodic polarization In interc stalline
corrosion was carried oitt by plotting polarization curvirs by po-
tentiostatic methods and by corrosion tests at given potentials.
It was found that the range of the stablev passive condition of
quenched and tempered 2Khl8N9 steels in sulphuric acid solutions
lies between + 0.51 and + 0.83 V. In the tempered condition, this
range reduces to 0 to + 0.4 V. In the stablev passive statep this
steelp whether tempered or *enchedp resists failure by intercry-
stalline corrosion in%pulphuric a(Ad solutionst the general corro-
sion is extremely slight and anodf8 protection in this case is
possible. With an increase in aggressiveness of the mediujFp the
stable, passive range of the tempered steel is reduced to a grea-
ter extent than that of quenched steel, and in a strongly aggres-
Card 2/3

27524
3/080/60/033/006/019/041/XX
Influence of anodic polarization ... D217/D302
sive-medium may be entirely absent.-In the transpassivity region,
the tempered steel is liable to fail be intercrystalline corro-
sioat, whereas the quenched steel is not# Protectilftagainst inter-
crystalline corrosion in the passive potential ra-1p by means of
anodic polarization is possible both in the copper suf1phate-base
testing solution and in solutions containing-10 "N03 + 1-or 2 %
NaF. There are Ofigureso 4 tables and 10 references: 8 Soviet-
bloc and 2 non-goviet-bloc. The reference to the EngWsh-language
publication reads as follows: R. Edelenau, Nalare, 179 739P 1954.
SUBMITTED: November 24, 1959
Card 3/3

80232
8/076j60/034/04/22/042
1/ 6 BOIOIBO09
AUTHORS: Tomashovp N. D., Paleologg Ye. N., Fedotovap 1. Z. (Noscow)
TITLE: Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductors in
Electrolyte Solutions, I. Electrode Processes on Germanium ixx
Sulfuric Acid Solutions in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal, fizicheekoy khimii, 1960, Vol- 34, No. 4, PP- 833 - 840
TEXT: Since germanium is the electron semiconductor now most frequently used
the kinetics of the electrode processes of germanium monoorystals of the n- and
p-types in sulfuric acid solutions with different hydrogen peroxide contents was
investigated in the present paper. The samples were polished or etched in an
SR-4 solution (15 am 3 CH3COOR, 25 cm3 HNO 3s 15 am 3 HF9 and 0.06 cm3 Br2)' The
curves of cathodic polarization (Fig. 1) of n-type germanium show that this ma-
terial behaveof in principles like a metal electrode. With regard to the discharge
of hydrogen ione n-gormanium is not an effective cathode and exhibits a high hy-
drogen supertension. Table 1 shows the change in the hydrogen peroxide conoentra-
tion of a sulfuric acid solution (pH - 1) + 0.11 X H.02 in the cathodic
Card 1/3

80232
Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductors 5/076/60/034/04/22/042
in Electrolyte Solutions. 1. Electrode Processes on BOIO/BO09
Germanium in Sulfuric Laid Solutions in the Presence of
Hydrogen Peroxide
polarization of n-germanium in the presence of air at 25 0C. The process continues
until H202 is reduced, and the cathodic polarization of germanium is greatly de-
creazed. The cathodic polarization of p-germanium is more inhibited than that of
n-germanium, i.e., the H202 reduction as well as the hydrogen ion discharge. This
may be due to an additional potential drop on account of the reduction of the
number of holes in p-germanium, so that the principal role in the reduction reac-
tion on p-germanium is played by the electrons in the zone of valency. The anodic
behavior of p-germanium differs from that of n-germanium. The anodic dissolution
on p-germanium is similar to that on normal metal. With current densities up to
2 4+
30 ma/cm p-germanium remains active in all solutions and dissolves into Ge
The velocity of delivery of the holes to the surface of n-germanium. may be re-
garded as determining the anodic disaolution process of n-germanium. This resultB
in a marked ability of the electrode to be polarized and in the occurrence of an
anodic saturation current whose magnitude is independent of the composition of
the solution and increases when the electrode is exposed to light. There are
Card 2/3

80232
Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductors S/076/60/034/04/22/042
in Electrolyte Solutions* 1. Electrode Processes on B010/B009
Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solutions in the Presence of
Hydrogen Peroxide
5 figures, 2 tablesq and 7 references, 1 of which is Soviet. qr
ASSOCIATION: Akademiya nauk SSSR Institut fizicheskoy khimii (Academy of
Sciences USSR Institute of Physical Chemistry)
SUBMITTED: July 4, 1958
Card 3/3

S/076/60/034/05/14/'038
'57 W 00 BO1O/B002
AUTHORS: Palsolog, Ye. N., Tomashov, N. D., Fedotova.2 A. Z.
I--
TITLEs Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductors in
Electrolyte Solutions. II. The Rate of Solution of Germanium
in Sulfuric Acid in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1960, Vol. 34, ITO. 5,
pp. 1027-1031
TEXT- The dissolution of germanium in electrolyte solutions has not yet
been investigated systematically though this problem is of special impor
tance for the production of semiconductors, i.e., for the etching of the
surface of germanium. In the present paperg the authors studied the dissolu-
tion of n-type and p-type germanium in H SO so (PH-1) +
2 4 (pH-1)9 H2 4
+ 0012 M H 202and 8.8 M H2020 The solution was carefully mixed, and the rate
of dissolution was determined at 250C by a colorimetric determination of the
germanium content of the solution in certain intervals. The analyses were
carried out by L. S. Kupriyanova. The results obtained (Table) show that
the rate of dissolution is independent of the type of germanium (n-type or
p-type) and rises in the presence of H 2 02. Furthermore, it changes little
in time. A cathodic or anodia polarization of the germanium electrode
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Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of 3/07Y60/034/05/14/038
Semiconductors in Electrolyte Solutions. B010 B002
II. The Rate of Solution of Germanium in
Sulfuric Acid In the Presence of Hydrogen
Peroxide
leads to a decrease in the rate of dissolution. On the strength of the
results obtained the authors establish that under the present experimental
conditions the dissolution of germanium has an electrochemical nature. As
the dissolution of n-type germanium by means of H 0 is raised with the
2 2
same intensity as in the case of p-type germanium, it is assumed that on
the surface of n-type germanium the concentration of holes is higher, and
that the cathodic process is facilitated by the reduction of hydrogen
peroxide. There are 2 figureaq I table, and 4 references: I Soviet,
2 Germang and I American.
ASSOCIATION: Akademiya nauk SSSR Institut fizicheskoy khimii
(Academy of sciences of the USSR9 Institute of Physical
Chemistry)
SUBMITTED: August 4, 1958
Card 2/2

84248
101B S/076/60/034/009/008/022
I W 4T BO15/BO56
5-LiL00 N1 S^>
AUTHORS: Deryagina, 0. G., Paleolog, Ye. N, and Tomashav, N. D.
TITLE: Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductcrs-M
in Electrolytic Solutions. III. Dissolution of Germanium
in Contact With Other Uetals
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1960, Vol. 34, No. 9,
pp. 1952-1959
TEXT: In the fusion of n-type germanium with indium, a narrow band of a
p .- n junction may be obtained. If electric contacts (Cu wires) are solder-
ed onto the germanium and indium with tin, and if the whole is insulated
against air/with the exception of the free Cu wire ends (e.g., with an
epoxy resid'shell), a plate cathode Ge - In - Sn - Cu is obtained (Fig. 1).
As the surface of this diode is edged before being embedded into the
resin shell, the electrochemical behavior of Ce in the many-electrode
system Ge - In - Sn - Cu was investigated, and the mechanism of its dis-
solution was explained. The experiments were carried out in I N NaOR sclu-
tions of different H202 contents (0-3 N H202 and 1.0 N H,)02), or in pure
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Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of S/076/60/034/009/008/022
Semiconductors in Electrolytic Solutions. B015/BO56
III. Dissolution of Germanium in Contact With
Other Metals
17.5 N H202 solutions. Samples of n-type Ge (of the type A M(DM) or 6M(B11)),
In, Cu, and Sn embedded in Polystyr e n eWa well us pairo of n-type Ge-Cu
est , as
and n-type Ge-In, and ready diod 0f the type jjr~-22 (DGTa-22)) were
used. The area of the electrodes in the diodes investigated are given
in Table 1. The corrosion current of Ge I as well as the quantity of the
dissolved Ge were determined by a colorimetric method (Ref. 7); the sur-
face profile of Ge was measured by means of a microscope, or the current
density and dissolution rate of Ge (in the pair Ge-cu) was calculqted
from the polarization diagram. A comparison between the experimental
data and the calculated values (Table 2) shows that a salf-dissolution
of Ge takes place, and that the latter increases with the H 202 content.
In the many-electrode system investigated, Ge is the anode and Cu is the
most effective cathode, whereas Sn and In are highly polarized and; accord-
ing to conditions, act as a cathode or anode. The total loss of n-type
Ge (Table 3, Ge.-Cu loss) In contact with Cu, In, and Sn Is determined by
the rate of anodic dissolution or self-dissolution, the ratio between
Ca--d 2/3

84248
Ele ctro chemical and Corrosion Behavior of S/076/60/034/009/0061/022
Semiconductors in Electrolytic Solutions. B015/BO56
III. Dissolution of Germanium in Contact With
Other Metals
the two rates depending on the H 202 content (Table 4), i.e., self-dia-
solution predominates in pure H 202 solutions. The behavior of n-type Ge
during etching in the afore-mentioned solutions corresponds to the
activity of the Ge electrode in the system Ge - In - Sn - Cu, and is
subject to electrochemical rules. There are 6 figures, 4 tables, and
8 references: 7 Soviet and I US.
ASSOCIATION: Akademiya nauk SSSR, Institut fizicheskoy khimli, Moskva
(Academy of Sciences USSR, Institute of Physical Chemistry,
MOSCOWT-
SUBMITTED: December 13, 1950
Card 3/3

81732
1.57 1/&00 B004/BOO7
AUTHORSs Paleolog, Ye. N.g Korotkovap K. S., Tomashov. ff. D.
TITLEs The Kinetics of the Electrode Prooessesion a Silicon
Electrode in *oid and Alkaline Solutions
PERIODICAL& Doklady Akademii nauk SSSRp 19609 Vol- 133,, No. 1,
pp. 170 - 173
TEXTs The authors investigated the discharge rate of hydrogen ions on
silicon and the anodio dissolution rate of silicon in 0.2 N H2SO V
1.0 N U, and 5.0 N KOH at 25 00. n- and p-type single crystals of silicon
with different reaiativity (0.2, 10.09 and 23,0 ohmoom) and a diffusion
length of 0-5 mm were used for the investigationo The samples had the same
crystal orientation. The surface was mechanically ground by means of
boron carbide or etched at 80 0G with a KOH-solution. Contact vas
established by means of rhodium electrolytically deposited on the sample
and a soldered-on copper wire. Fig. 1 shows the curve of the cathodic
polarization of n-type, Si. In H2so4 a considerable inhibition of the
S/020J60/133/01/47/070
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81732
The Kinetics of the Electrode Processes on a
Silicon Electrode in Acid and Alkaline Solutions
S/020160/133/01/47/070
B0041BOO7
H-ion discharge was observed also on Si with a ground surface. The pre-
senoe of a semiconduotive oxide layer is assumed, which proved that by
means of a partial reduction of the layer with current reverealp and
further by etching the KOH9 polarization is considerably reduced. In
5-0 N KOH the oxide layer is soluble, the discharge rate of the H-ions
depends only little on the resistivity of the Bi-electrodep and the
n-type Si behaves like a metal electrode. Fig. 2 shows the curve of the
cathodic polarization of p-type silicon. Polarization is stronger than
in n-type Big the nature of the solution exerts little influence upon the
kinetics of H-ion discharge. The anodio polarization is shown in Fig. 3.
In H2so 4' the oxide layer is not soluble and has a high degree of ohmic
resistivity. Si is highly polarizedg and oxygen is separated. The pre-
sence of the oxide layer is proved by grinding-off the silicon electrode
during the experiment, In this case, the slope of the polarization curve
was considerably flattened up to a current density of 15 ma/om * In the
case of higher current densities, the oxide layer could not be com-
pletely removed. In 1.0 N Up a different behavior of n- and p-type Si
was observed. p-type Si was not paseivated up to a current density of
1~
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81732
The Kinetics of the Electrode Processes on a S/020/60/133/01/47/070
Silicon Eleotrode in Acid and Alkaline Solutions B004/BO07
2
30 ma/alh. In the cash of'n-t_vpe Si, a'hindtan66 of the anodic process
occurred already at 1.0 ma/cm2, which is explained by the hole limiting
current being attained. The electrochemical behavior of silicon thus in
electrolytes is in principle similar to that of germaniump and is de.-
termined by the type of conductivity. Silicon, however, differs from
germanium by the formation of the chemically inactive SiO 2-layer with
high ohmic resistivity which hinders the cathodic and anodic reactions.
There are 3 figures and 6 referenoess 2 Soviet, 3 British, and I German.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheekoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute
of'Physical Chemistry of the Academy of SoiencesR USSR)
PRESENTED: March 3, 1960 by A. N. Frumkinq Academician
SUBMITTEDs March 3, 1960
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81865
s/m/60/133/02/39/o68
7A1 0 Boo4/Bo64
AUTHORS: Deryagin~, 0. G., Paleolog, Ye. N., Tomashav~ N. D.
TITLE: Anodic Dissolution of Germanium With a p-n Transition
FERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 133, No. 2.
PP. 388 - 391
TEXT: The objective of the present paper was to determine the conditions
for a selective etching of the p-n transitions of germanium taking into
account the electrochemical processes of the diode components at the
boundary of the solution. The authors investigated the distribution of
the potential, the current density, and the dissolving speed in the com-
ponents of a germanium diode at various anodic polarizations. Indium-
germanium diodes were used for the test in which germanium of the A M
(DM) type., as well as a germanium single crystal with p-n transition
were applied. The samples were embedded in epoxy resin and ground at' a
right angle to the In-Ge contact plane. They were then polished and
after etching in H 0 they were anodically polarized in 0.1 N NaOH or
2 2
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618b5
Anodic Dissolution of Germanium Witt' a S/020/60/133/02.!39/o68
p-n. Transition BOo4/Bo64
0.1 N ff2S04 at room temperature and in dispersed daylight. ThF_- P051-
tive pole of the circuit was cor-nected to the indium. The potential
distribution was measured with a capillary detector, the depth of the
solution (the profile of the surface) with a Linnik double microscope.
The width of the zone of p-type germanium was determined by the pre-
cipitation of copper with 'cathodic polarization of the p-n. transition
in pyrophosphate solution. Fig. 1 shows the curve of the anodic polari-
zation of indium, p- and n-type germanium in 0.1 N NOR. A strong
polarization occurs in In and n-Ge. In contrast to In the high degree
of polarization of n-type germanium is not due to passivity but'.to the
low degree of hole concentration. Fig. 2 shows the potential di~tribu-
tion on the surface of the diode at an anode current of 0.05 - 4.00 ma,
Fig. 2b shows the surface profiles after 60 min.and Fig. 2v gives the
amperages obtained. The current density of n-Ge is greater than that
of the anode current on the boundary of the solution. In the authors,
opinion this is due to the injection of holes in n-Ge above the p-n
transition. This is confirmed by Fig. 3 which shows that the anod-ic
polarization of the n-Ge surface decreases as the distance from the
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Ri865
fTic,a I c D -1 s so L,.~ tlc.-~ (-~ f Ii ui,,- ,~ L th S/02o/60/133/(12/39/068
p-n Transition Boo4/Bo64
p-n tranuition increases. This 1s due to a dut-n-easecl concentration of
the injected holes. It' the germanium diode Lo anodically polarized froill
indium. a high degree of anodic polarization of indium occurs and it Is
above all the p-Ge and the adjacent zones of n-Ge which dissolve. With
a cathodic polarization from n-Ge its dissolution can be stopped and
concentrated to the narrow zone of p-Ge. Inditim if3 not polarized in
H2so4 and mainly indium and the adjacent zone uf p-type germanium are
dissolved. Similar results were obtained with the germanium single
crystal. Because of the different anodic polarizability of n-C,4~, p-Ge,
and In and because of the existing p-n transition a seleL-tive etching
of a germanium diode or triode is possible. There are 3 figures and
9 references; 4 Soviet, 1 American, 3 British, and 1 German.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences,'USSR)
PRESENTED: February 3, 1960, by A. N. Frumkin, Academician
SUBMITTED: March 2, ig6o Vr
Card 3/3

_20MASUG ikon D~Iavich ZHUKv Nikolay Platonovich; TITOV, Vasiliy
Aleksoyevich; VEEDENEYEVAp Mariya Aleksandrovana; ELIKIND, L.N.p
red. izd-va; ISLENTIYEVAt P.G., tekhn. red.
[Laboratory work on the protection of metals from corrosion] Labo-
ratornye raboty po korrozii i zashchite metallov. 14oskva, Goa'.
nauchno-tekhn. izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi i tsvetnoi metallur A
1961. 239 p. (MIRA 147
(Metals-Corrosion)

32624
S/137/61/000/011/102/123
Ao6o/A101
AUTHORS: Vedeneyeva, M.A., Tomashov, N.D.
TITIE: Effect of deformation upon the intererystalline failure of nichrome
steel
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, no.11, 1961, 48-49, abstract
111323 (V sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts. metallich. materi-
alov", Moscow., mashgiz, 1961, 116 - 126)
TEXT: The authors studied the effect of deformation caused by cold rolling
and dressing of the surface by emery paper upon the in~ercrystalline failure of
Cr-Ni steel- The steels OX 181i~ , I X 18H 9, and X 23 H2_3 M3 A3 (OKhl8N9, 1Kh18N9,
and KK23N'-:)3M3D3) were tested. The cold deformation (rolling) with degrees of
reduction 20-60% was carried out both before and after tempering at 6500C for 2
hours. As result of thd treatment the tendency of these stelels to intererystal-
line failure is reduced. This is related to the fact that in the process of de-
forming along the cleavage planes carbides and the 06 -phase separate out. The
carbide phase which is precipitated in the course of tempering and deformation,
separates out on a great area and its concentration is reduced. As result of this,
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Ef.fect of deformation
32624
S/137/61/000/011/'102/123
A060/A101
the corrosion resistance of the boundaries increases. The deformation of steel
before tempering (in the zone of dangerous temperatures) lowers the tendency to
intercrystalline corrosion in a greater degree than does deformation after
tempering. Cold deformation before tempering at 6500 entirely eliminates the
tendency of steel Kh23N2"D3 to intercrystalline cracking =-der reductions of
21 - 60%, and that of steels OKhl8N9 and lKh18N9 - under reductions of 49 and 58%
respectively.. The rate of intercrystalline etching of specimens of steel 1Khl8N9
with etched surface notably exceeds the corrosion rate of the specimens dressed
with emery- paper. There are 10 references.
Ye. Layner
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
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AUTHORS: Tomashov, N.D., Andreyev, L.A.
32623
S/1,37/61/00opil/m/i23
A060/A101
-IITL'-',: Oxidation of titanium at high temperatures
FERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, no. 11, 1961, 46, abstract
111308 (V sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts. metallich. materi-
alov", Moscow, Mashgiz, 1961, 127 - 132)
TEXT: A study was performed of the oxidation kinetics of Ti mark BT -1A
(W-11)) in the interval 800-1,150OC-in gaseous mixtures of 02+N2 in various pro-
portions. Under soakings longer than one hour the oxidation follows a linear
law in the entire temperature range under investigation. For 1,OOOOC a functional
dependence was obtained of the oxidation-rate constant, characterizing the linear
portion of the kinetic curve, on the partial pressure of 0 in the gaseous mixture.
The kinetics of 0 dissolution in the metallic base was studied for the tempera-
ture of 1,0000C. It is assumed that the oxidation process ki controlled by the 0
diffusion into the metallic base of the specimen. There are 8 referenices,
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation] Ye. Layner
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S/081/61/000/022/032/076
B11O/B1O1
AUTHORS: Tomasho D., Millvidakiy, M. G.
TITLE: Etching of titanium in acid solutions and alkali melts
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 22, 1961, 259, abstract
221182 (Sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts. metallich.
materialov". M., Mashgiz, 1961, 133 - 150)
TEXT: A study of the possibilities of etching Ti in H 2soV HC1 (acid),
and HNO3 with fluoride additions showed the etching efficiency of
industrial Ti scale to depend on the oxidation temperature. Scale forming
at 800 - 850 0a was0chemically stable to acids, but was sufficiently easy
to remove at >1000 C. The anodic and cathodic behavior of Ti in the
acids mentioned, and in HF containing admixtures, was studied. For
etching Ti in alkali melts (NaOH melt), a 10 - 20 min treatment at 400-43CPC
and subsequent washing in hot 15~6 H2so4 are recommended. [Abstracter's
note: Complete translation.]
Card 1/1

RVA0
33843
S/137/62/000/001/186/2,37
A006IA101
AUTHORS3 Tomashov N,.D., Al'tovskly, R.M., Prosvirin, A.V., Shamgunova, R.D.
TI = Corrosion of titanium and its alloys in sulfuric acid
FERIODICALs Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurglya, no. 1, 1962, 82 - 8,3, abstract
U583 (V sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukta. metallich. materia-
lov", Mo8cow,.14aehgiz--,-1q6l, 151 - 163)
TEXT: The general aspect of BT I (M) Ti corrosion rate as a function of.
H2SO4 concentration under air atmosphere is.also preserved in tests under Op,
and N2 atmospheres and also cruring tests of some Ti-alloys (VT5, VT3, VT
.3-1j under
air atmosphere. The corrosion rate of Ti VTI in Ii2S0'-ufider atmospheres of-02,
H2 and N soluti s) is somewhat less than
2 (wAh the ex6eption of diluted H2,.9,0h on
under air atmosphere . Alloys Ti VT5, VT3.and'VT3-1, are.in gener4l somewhat less
stable.than.technically pure-VT1 TI in H SO solutions. Saturation of the TI sur-
12
face'with oxygen, and in particular M2 Id. k, raises considerably the corrosion
resistance of Ti in H2SO4. Preliminary hydrogenizAtion of the Ti surface by
cathodic polarization during self-diffusionfin H2S?4,,inhibits the corrosion
process of Ti dissolving in H2S04. in particular of 50 - 65% coficentration. A
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Corrosion of titanium ...
33843
3/1.37/62/000/001/186/237
A0061AI01
decrease of the Ti corrosion rate in H2804 of ~> 80% concentration is explained
by the oxidation of the metal surfaces by concentrated acid and the formation of
a protective film consisting of Ti305.
Tho authors' summary
(Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
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3/081/61/000/023/028/061
B138/B101
AUTHORS: Tomashov N D Al'tovskiy, R. M., Vladimirov, V. B~
TITLE: Investigation of the corrosion of titanium and its alloys
in solutions of bromine and methyl alcohol
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 23, 1961, 286,
abstract 231255 (Sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts.
metallich. materialov". M., Mashgiz, 1961, 164 - 172)
TEXT: An investigation of the corrosion resistance of Ti and Ti alloys in
solutions of Br in CH3OR has shown that alloys with an a-structure, BT1
(VTI) and bT5 (VT5), are less resistant than those with an a + p structure,
BT3 (VT3) and BT3-1 (VT3-1). It is noted that in all the Ti alloys the
rate of corrosion increased with the Br 2 concentration of the solution,
and that Ti iodide is more stable than technically pure Ti. An addition
of water to the CH3OH + Br2 was found to reduce the rate of corrosion, due
to the formation of a protective oxide film. Ti is also subject to
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S/081/61/000/023/028/061
Investigation of the corrosion ... B136/B101
intercrystalline corrosion, which increases with a reduction of the Br2
concentration in CH3OH from 5 to I If the water content of the
solution is more than 30 ~'O, however, both intercrystalline and general
surface corrosion cease. The corrosion of Ti in Br 2 + CH3OH solutions
is found to be of an electrochemical nature. In anhydrous solutions Ti.
can be protected by cathode polarization. For total protection in a 2' '
solution of Br2 the potential must be maintained at around -0,350 v,~
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation
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33844
S/137/62/000/001/187/237
A006IA101
AUTHORS: Tomashov, N. D., Al'tovskiy, R. M., Chernova, G. P., Arteyev, A. D.
TITLE: Corrosion resistance of titanium alloyed with molybdenum, chromium
and palladium
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no. 1, 1962, 83,.abstract 11584
(V sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts. metallich. materialov",
Moscow,.Mashgiz, 1961, 173 - 186)
TEXT: Alloying of Ti with palladium raises considerably its corrosion re-
sistance in H2S04 and HC1. Considerable reduction of the Ti corrosion rate is
already observed when ~t is alloyed with a small Pd amount.(O.1%). An increase
of the Pd content in the alloy > 2% is not recommended. Electrochemical investi-
gations have shown that an increase in the Ti corrosion resistance when it is
alloyed with Pd, results from the shift of the stationary potential of the alloy
to a rangeof values where Ti is partially or fully passive, due to the reduced
overvoltage of the cathodia.reaction. Alloying of Ti with molybdenum increases
Ti resistance due to the considerably reduced ability of the alloy to anodic dis-
solving as compared with non-alloyed Ti. Alloying of Ti with chromium does not
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33844
S/137/62/000/001/187/237
Corrosion resistance of titanium alloyed with... A006/AI01
raise its corrosion resistance, and even reduces same in some cases, since Cr is
less prone to passivity than Ti in H2SO and H 1, at a potential corresponding to
a stationary potential of Ti.. Terna i-Pd-Mo alloys and Ti-Pd-Cr alloys are
ry 4
more resistant than the binary Ti-Fd alloy. This is due to,a decrease in the cur-
rent of ancdic Ti dissolving near the potential of full passivation, when it is
alloyed with Mo or Cr. There are 17 references.
Author's summary
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
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33842
S/137/62/000/OQ1/185/237
A0061AI01
AUTHORS: Titov, V.A., Agapov, G.I., Tomashov, N.D.
TITLS: Corrosion of tantalum, niobium and their alloy a in sulfuric said at
high temperatures
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, no. 1, 1962, 82, abstract 11581
("Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts. metallich. materialoi~', Moscow,
Mashgiz, 1961, 187 - 195)
T=: The authors studied the behavior of Ta, Nb and their alloys, contain-
ing-.21.6; .34.Q; 49.4; 67.3 at. % Ta, in H2SO4 at high temperature, In 90%
H2SO4, at 2500C, during the transitb5n from.an alloy containing 34.0 at. % Ta to
a~i alloy containing 49.4 at. % Ta, an over 30-fold decrease of the corrosion rate
was observed (from-15.1-to 0.5 g/m2.hour) and also an abrupt change of the poten-
tial"toward the-positive side (from 0,25-.to 0.77 v, i.e. more than by 0.5 v).
The abrupt changes in the anti-corrosion properties of the alloy oorrespond-to the
first threshold of stability in the Ta and Nb correlation, equal to 4/8 atomic
fraction. Extended tests (120 hours) of Ta-Nb alloys under experimental condi-
tions, do not-shift the threshold of-stability towards the rate of other Ta-Nb
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Corrosion of tantalum ....
338-142-
S/137/62/000/001/185/237
A006/A101
correlations in the alloy. In 10% H2804 at boiling temperature of the solution
(1020C), the internal stresses (cold hardness) shift the electrode potential of
the alloys to the negative side, by 0.05 v on the average, but both cold hardness
and stress applied do not reduce the corrovion realatanae nor onim oorroolon
cracking of the alloys. 7bats with the Ta-Nb alloy containing 96.2 at.% Ta In
various H28Q, solutions at 2500C, have shown that 70% H2804 is the most aggressive
medium as compared with_its solutions of other concentrations. There are 11
references.
The author's summary
[Abstracter's notet Complete translation]
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ATJTHORS- Totdashov,~. U.; D-, - Strekalov, - P., V.
33838
3/137/62/000/001/180/237
A006/A101
TMLEs Investigating the corrosion rate of ferro-carbon alloys in acids
-at --elevated temperatures
PERIODICAL,-, Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya., no- 1, 1962, 80 - 81, abstract
11569, (Marroziya. i . zaghchita' konstrukta. metallich. materialov"
Moscow,.Mashgiz, 1961, 196 - 199)
TM: Increased tepperature of-.acid causes a sharp increase of the cor-
rosion ratz, of Fe-C alloys; the corrosion rate increases also at a higher C
content in +;he alloy in noT-,:-oxtdi zing acids, and -in oxidiziru3 acids-it decreases
due to the.partial in'_,Ibitlion of the anodic process.. The effect of temperature
on the diffuslon rat,-*; of caTtoi steels' in W-1, BNO ana HISO4, can be described
~3
by the exponaTitial equation K = Aaxp E/RT).. he auth-or_- determined the ac-
tivation energy oe procesis,~-s.of carbao-steel,cliffVslon in HNO H,`M) and HC1.
'31 L: 4
For WO the act4vation eri--,,:,iY is equal to 10.5 kcal, for HOSOL and 11M it is
13.5 Q 17.35 kcal, respectively.
[Abstracter's note-- Complet-s- translation] Authorls summary
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S/08?~'6'1~000/023/031/061
B138/B101
AUTHORS: Titov, V. A., Balandin, I. M., Tomashov,..,$,PL..
TITLE: Investigation of the efficiency of different methods of
protecting metals in solutions of sulfuric and phosphoric
acids at elevated temperatures
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Xhimiya, no. 23, 1961, 290, abstract
231276 (Sb. "Korroziya i zashchita konstrukts. metallich.
materialov". M., Mashgiz, 1961, 200 - 214)
TEXT: The effect of cathodic (As and Bi ions) and anodic (Cu, Ag, and Au
ions) corrosion inhibitors has been investigated, as also electrolytic
protection by anodic polarization using Cu, Ag, and Au depositions and
Ag and Au contact, on the rate of corrosion of stainless steels WB~:9T
(1Kh16NqT) and Y,231428H3A3T (Kh23N28M3D3T) and the alloy 0161(E1461)
in 10c,. solutions of H2so4and H 3PO4 at a temperature of 2500C. The
cathodic corrosion inhibitor, Bi, has been found to have the greatest
inhibiting effect for stainless steels in H 2s0 4* Corrosion of the Ni
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31966
S/081/61/000/023/031/061
Investi.-ation of the efficiency ... B130101
alloy is more effectively reduced if it has a Cu coating. In H 3P04 an
addition of Ag ions to the acid solution is the most efficient way of
reducing corrosion of the stainless steels and the Hi alloy. CAbstracter's
note: Complete translation-3 Y
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S/137/6P-/000/001/201/237
A154/Alol
AMORSS Titoy, V. A.,-Tomashov, N. D.
TIM3- A-study of the endurance of card wire
PERIODICALs Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no, 1, 1962, 87, abstract 11616
(Sb.."Korroziy&.1.zashchita konstrukta. metallich. materialov".
Moscow, MashgIz,_ 1961, 215-222)
TEM Steel brands 55, 5or (5oG), 5orc (5008), 5OTi and 60 were studied.
Steel 55 has the beat fatigue and corrosion-fatigue indices.. For wire made of
this steel VF,, - 25 kg,/=2 was obtained in air. When high stresses are applied,
wire made of steel 55 has a fatigue resistance over 50 to 90 times higher than
wire of steel 5OTi and 60 respectively. At comparatively low stresses, the
fatigue-resistanoe indices of wire made of steels 55, 5OTi and 60 become -close
,to each other.. The endurance of wire made of the test brands of steel in tap
water decreases to such a degree that even for the best wire made of steel 55,
at.the loweststress*tested by us (25 W=2), the conditional ultimate corrosion
fatigue was not reached. Wire made of steels 55 and 60 has the highest-Indices
of corrosion-fatigue resistance in tap water, and wire of steels 50G, 500S and
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A study of the endurance of card wire
S/137/6VbOO/001/201/237
A154/A101-
50Ti have the lowest indices. The emulsions used in fiber-~combjng are less
aggressive media than tap water. A conditional ultimate corr~osiofi fatigue of
55- Wmm2 was established for wire of steels 55 and 500 in emulsion of the
Krasnokholmskaya fabrika, (Krasnyy Kholm factory,), while for wire of steels 60,
500S and 5OTi this limit was reached at a stress of 35 kg/mm2 in these conditions.
The emulsion of the Kupavinskaya, fabrika, (Kupava factory) is less agressive than
the emulsion of the Krasnyy Kholm factory. In the former emulsion a conditional
corrosion-fatigue limit of 55 k&/mm2 was established even for wire of the worst
steel - 50 Ti. Card wire of steel 55 made of polished wire rod has higher
endurance indices in tap-water than wire of the same 6teel2butmade of unpolished
wire rod. Preliminary grinding of the wire rod before the latter'is drawn into
wire may be considered as one of the methods for prolonging the service life of
card clothing.
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Authors' summary
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5/1G62/61/000/002/002/01?
B115 B207
A7UTHOR: Tomashov N D
TITLE: Control factor and corrosion protection of metals
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Otdeleniye khimicheskikh
nauk, no. 2, 1961, 236-245
TEXT: The author classified the various methods of corrosion protection
not with respect to their application or technology, but on the basis
of the theory of electrochemical corrosion and the mechanism of each
method. For this purpose, it was necessary to determine the control
factor of each individual protection method, i.e., the degree of
inhibition of the corrosion process with application of the respective
protection method. It is known from publications that the dependence
of the corrosion current characterizing the corrosion rate on the
factors of electrcchemical corrosion is represented by the following
V0 - V0
equation: I k a where V0 -V0 denotes the difference of
Pk + Pa + R k a
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Control factor and corrosion ... B115/B207
the initial equilibrium potentials of the cathodic depolarizing process
(VO) and the anodic reaction of metal dissolution (VO) or, in other words,
k a
tho dogree of thormodynamia instability of tho roupocti've syatom; tlio
denominator characterizes the general Inhibition of the system;
Pk the mean cathodic, Pa the mean anodic polarizability, R the total V
ohmic resistance of the system, Proceeding from this method, the
author establishes a scientific classification of various protection
methods on the basis of their effect upon: I) Reduction of the degree
of instability of the system, II) inhibition of the cathodic process,
III) reduction of the anodic process, IV) increase of the ohmic
resistance of the system. The most important data of the table are
as follows: I, II, III, and IV are compiled as A: change of the
promoting or inhibiting factors of the corrosion process.
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Control factor and corrosion ...
S/062/61/000/002/002/012
B115/B207
C
General characteristics Concrete methods of corrosion
of the protective measure protection
Change of internal factors
(of metal)
Change of surface factors
of the product
1
.0 Alloying increasing the thermo-
dynamic stability of the alloy;
2) admixtures to the alloy increasing
the continuity of the resulting
corrosion products
1) Coating with a continuous layer
of a nobler metal; 2) insulation-
and varnish coatings; 3) lubricants;
4) lining and ooating with non-
metallic substances; 5) oxide-,
phosphate-, and other films; V/
6) enameling; 7) metal coatings
forming corrosion layers of higher
protection
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Control factor and corrosion
Change of external factors
(of external conditions or
of the corrosive medium)
Change of internal factors
(of the metal)
Change of surface factors
of the product
s/ o 62/6 1/000/002 /00 2 /012
B115/B207
1) Change of the external medium
forming a layer with higher pro-
tection; 2) change of the corrosion
conditions causing a layer of
higher protection; 3) change of
the corrosion conditions in such a
way that the corroding agent is
kept apart from the metal surface
1) Reduction of the surface of
cathodic spots in the metal;
2) introduction of admixtures to the
alloy increasing the overvoltage
of cathodic depolarization
1) Metal coatings with a high
overvoltage of cathodic depolariza-
tion; 2) non-metallic coatings with
the same effect as above, or an
inhibiting effect toward the diffusion
of cathodic products in the film
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Control factor and corrosion ...
Change of external factors
(of external conditions or
of the corrosive medium)
Change of internal factors
(of the metal)
Change of surface factors
of the product
Change of external factors
s/o62/61/000/002/002/012
B115 B207
1) introduction of cathodic inhibitors
into the solution; 2) reduction of
concentration of the cathodic
depolarizers on the cathode;
3~ cathodic electrochemical protection
1 Alloying increasing the anodic
passivation capacity of the alloy;
2) introduction of active cathodes
into the alloy
1) Surface treatment of the metal
increasing the passivation capacity
(polishing); 2) coating of the prod-
uct with a layer of stronger passivat-
ing metal; 3) varnish coatings or
lubricants with a passivating dye
1) introduction of anodic inhibitors
or production of a stronger passivat-
ing external medium; 2) anodic
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Control factor and corrosion B115/B207
electrochemical protection
(inhibition of anodic processes due
to the occurrence of passivity)
Change of internal factors No clear examples
(of the metal) or the surface
factors
IV Change of external factors Increase of the ohmic resistance,
e.g.: drying of the bottom or
dehydration of liquid fuels
In general, those protection methods are most efficient which act upon
the chief control factor of corrosion. If several protection methods
with the same control protection factors are applied at the same time,
effic,ienoy increases; if control protection factors are not the same,
it may decrease. The protection methods reducing the degree of
thermodynamic instability, always entail a corrosion reduction, the
effect of these methods is, however, smaller if the total inhibition
in the system is very high.
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Control factor and corrosion ... B115/B207
There are I table and 14 references: 8 Soviet-bloc and 6 non-Soviet-bloc.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of
Sciences USSR)
SUBMITTED: August 3, 1959
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21924
5/184/61/000/001/002/004
D041/D113 Io
AUTHORt Tomashov, N.D., Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor,
Chernova, 'G.P. , Candidate of Chemical- Sciences
~TITLEt New method of electrochemical protection of metals against
corrosion-anode polarization.
PERIODICALs Khimicheskoye mashinostroyeniye, no- 3, 1961, 30-33
TEM The-authors state that there are many electric-protection methods
which are applied in industry in order to prevent metals from corroding as
described by N.D. Tomashov (Ref. 1: Teoriya korrozii i zashchity metallov
(Theory of corrosion and metal protection], Izd. AN SSSR, 1959), Ref.2-
Zashchita metallicheskikh konstruktsiy ot korrozii protektorami LP(rotection
of metal structures from corrosion by means of protectors3 p Oborongiz, 1940),
and by V.A. Pritula (Ref. D Katodnaya zashchita zavodskoy apparatury
tathode Protection of industrial equipment], Goskhimizdat, 1954). None of
these methods use anode polarization. Nevertheless, anode polarization
can be used as corrosion protection, if a metal in a given medium tends to
passivation; the passiVity of the metal considerably reduces the anodic dis-
solvi The resistance to corrosion of some metals and alloys (iron, stain-
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2192h
S/184/61/000/003/002/004
New method of electrochemical protection .... D040113
less steel, titanium', zirconium, tantalum, etc.) is based on the passivity
phenomena. The passivity of these metals can be established by increasing
the oxidation effect of the medium, or by anode polarization of the metal.
A constant passivity potential of the metal can be maintained by an electrordc
automatic-regulation device, i.e. a potentiostat. The displacement of the
metal-potential in the electrolyte solution necessary for obtaining the pae-
sive state can be generated by the following methodst by changing the oxida-
tion-deoxidation potential of the medium as described by J.D.Berwick and U.R.
Evans (Ref-43 "Journal of Applied Chemistry", v. 2, no. 10, 1952), by anode
polarization from an external electric source as described by C. Edeleanu
(Ref. 6. "Nature" , v. 173, no. 4407, 1954), through contact with an electri-
cally positive metal having a large enough surface as described by the au-
thors (Ref, 7 Tomashov, N.D,, Chernova, G.P., I sledovaniya po nerzhaveyu-
.shchim stalyam Stainless-steel investigati, izd. AN SSSR, 1956), by
B.W. Buck Sloope and H. Leidheiser (Ref. 8.- "Corrosion", v. 15, no. 11, 1959)
and by M. Stern and H. Wissenberg (Ref, 9: "Journal of the Electrochem. Soc-.'
v. 106, no. 9, 1959), by introducing ions of precious metals into the s:ilution,
and by'introducing a cathode hardener into the alloy, In order to determine
the potential range within which the metal has the smallest dissolving speed,
potentiostatical curves must be plotted. Fig.2 shows such curves for 2Xl8H9
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21924
S/184/61/0CO/003/002/004
New method of electrochemical protection ...... DOWD113
(2Khl8N9) steel. Since inter-crystalline corrosion is one of the disadvant-
ages of stainless steel, the authors together with O.N. Markova (Ref. 16:
"Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii", v. 33, no. 6, 196o) investigated the effects
of anode polarization on the above-mentioned phenomena using 2Khl8Nq steel
which tends considerably to inter-crystalline corrosion after tempering at
6500 for 2 hours. The results are compiled in table 2*' Table 3 shows the
limits of the stable passive-state range of 2Khl8Nq steel hardened at 10500
(15 minutes) and tempered at 6500 (2 hours) in H2SO4 solutions. Fig-4
shows the anode polarization curves for titanium. The authors state that
anode electrochemical protection can be used when the aggressive fluid has
a good conductivity. The potential range in which the metal is sufficient-
ly passive is large enough for the reliable operation of an industrial auto-
matic potentiostat, this value must not be smaller than 50 millivolts as
described by J.D. Sudbury, O.L. Riggs and D.A. Schock (Ref. 17- "Corrosion",
v. 16, no. 2,,1960). At present, the anode protection method is being in-
troduced into industry. Tt has been proposed for titanium under the effect
of HCI and H2SO as described by A.H. Barber (Ref. 19: "Corrosion, preven-
tion and controIll, v. 6, no. 11, 1959). Anodic protection of devices during
sulfurization is already being used as treated by D.A. Schock, O.L.Riggs,
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21924
S11641611000100310021004
New method of electrochemical protection ...... DOWD113
and J.D. Sudbury (Ref. 21: "Corrosion", v. 16, no, 2, 1960) and by O.L.Riggs,
M. Hutchison, N.L. Conger (Ref. 22; "Corrosion", v. 16, no. 2, 1960). The
passivity of the metal can be kept constant not only through anode polariza-
tion from an external current source, but also through electric contact of
the protected part with the metallic protector of an electric furnace. M.
Pra"z'ak (Czechoslovakian patents, 86080, 150157) hasyroposed such a pro-
taction method for chrome-nickel steels in hot H2SO4 solutions; he recom-
mends metal oxides, i.e. Fe304 or Mn02 as protector materials. The experi-
mental results obtained and the above-mentioned literature show that wide-
scale industrial application of the anodic method for protecting carbon
steel, stainless steel, titanium and other metals (which have a passivation
tendency) from corrosion, is possible, There are 5 figures, 4 tables, and
22 references, 14 Soviet-bloc and 8 non-Soviet bloc. The four most recent
English-language publications read as follows: J.D. Sudbury, O.L. Riggs,
D.A. Schock, "Corrosion", v. 16, no. 2, 1960; A.H. Barber, "Corrosion, pre-
vention and controllf, V. 6, no. 11, 1959; D.A. Schock, O.L. Riggs, J.D. Sud-
bury "Corrosion", v. 16, no. 2, 1960; O.L. Riggs, M. Hutchison, N.L. Conger,
"Corrosion", v. 16, no. 2, 1960.
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S/081/62/000/013/024/054
B177/B101
A*,
AUTHORS: Matveyeva, T. V., Tyukina, M. P., Pavlova, V..
Tomashov, N. D.
TITLE: Research on the anodizing of titanium in sulfuric acid
solutions
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 13, 19627 410, abstract
13K166 (Sb. "Titan i yego splavy". no. 6. M'., AN SSSR,
ig6i, 211-220)
TEXT: Research into a process of anodizing Ti is described. The
composition (in ~a) tested was Fe 0-13; Ni 0.15; Si 0-17; C 0-05;
N2 0.098, CuO-34; with Ti forming the remainder in solutions of H 2 so 4'
The authors studied the growth and properties of the films in relation
to the time of anodizing (up to 8 hours); D a (1-10 a/dm2 ); tomporature
(20-10ORC) and concentration of H 2s04 (0-80 ~Q. Anodizing of Ti in H 2so4
at about 200C occurs at a high terminal voltage (up to 100 v) and results
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