SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT SHCHUKIN, YE.A. - SHCHUKIN, YE.D.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SHCHUYIN, YE. A. -
Shchukin, Ye. A. - "Syria. (Economic-Geographic Characteristics)." Acad Sci USSR
Inst of Geography, Moscow, 1955 (Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of
Geographical Sciences)
SO: Knizhnaya latopis', No. 23, Moscow, June, 1955, PP. 87-104.

ii"I., if,fI)
DE SILVA, S.F.; SHNXM , A.B.[traxslator]; PRONIN, A.A., redaktar; SHCHUXIN,
Ye.A.. redektor; SHAPOVALOV, V.I., tekhnicheskiy redaktor. ----
[A regional geography of Ceylon. Translated from the English] Geo-
grafiia TSeiloxa. Perevad a &Mliiskogo A.B. Shmeleva. Red. i pre-
disl. A.A.Proxima. Koskya, Izd-TO inostraimoi lit-ry, 1955, 318 P.
(CeylovL--Geogrftphy) (KIRA 9:5)

GOUROU, Pierre; KAMOVA, M.M.[tr&nslatorj;SHMWZV. A.B.[translatorl;
SHCHUKIN, Yo.A., rodaktor; IOVL97A, N.A., tekhaicheskiy radaktor.
[Asia. Translated from the French] Axiia. PersTod a fraitsuzakogo
N.M.Makaravoi i A.B.ShmelsTa. Predial. Koustantina PopoTa. KoskTa,
Izd-To inostrannoi lit-ry, 1956. 466 p. (KIRA 9:5)
(AsiA--Gmogr&phjr)

- SHCHUKIN, Ye.A.
Division of Syria into economic diatricts. Izv.AN SSSR*Seregeoge
no.6:59-69 N-D 156. (MLRA 10:1)
1. Institut vostokovedeniya Akademii nauk SSSR.
(Syria--Zconomic geography)

GAV.J-LOV, li'.I.; GLUSHj%l.OV, P.Ijdeceased];
IlIKOLISM, ml.I.; _~~.CHUKI~N Ye.A.
KOSTINSKIY, D.U., red; ZHU~LAVLEVA,
GOLITSYI*., A.V., red. kart; BURLAKA,
KOSOLAFOV, B.Ye.;
ZABIROV, B.Sh., red.;
G.P., mlad. red.;
N.P., tekhn. red.
[Countries of North and Northeast Africa; geographical informa-
tion] Strary Severnoi i Severo-Vostochnoi Afriki; geografiche-
skie spravki. Moskva, Geografgiz, 1962. 39 P. (MIRA 15:7)
(Africa, Forth-Geograpky, Economic)

SUB) A.A. Prinimiala, uchastiye TITOVA, T.A., aspirantka; FOZODAYEV,
N.S., red.; SERDYUKOV, A.R.., red.; SHGHUYJli, Ye.D., red.;
~.Z~ASIIOVA, N.Ya., tekhn. red.
[Radio engineering methods for studying radiation] Radiotekhni-
cheskie metody issledovaniia izluchenii. Pod red. M.S.Kozo-
daeva. Moskva, Gos.izd--tro zekhni o-teoret.lit--ry, 1951. 388 p.
(MIRA 15:1)
I., Moskovskiy Gosudarstvennyy universitet (for Titova).
(Amplifiers (Electronics)) (Pulse techniques (Electronics))

USM/Uetals - Ordering Jun. 52
."Texture of Magnesium, Zinc and Cadmium Layers
Obtained During Condensation of a Molecular Beamj,"
N. V. Melnikova, Ye. D. Shchukin, M. M. Umanskiyp
MOBCOW State U
"Zhur Eksper i Teoret Fiz" Vol XXII, No 6, PP 775-779
Investigates the structure of layers of various
hexagonal- system metals obtained by condensation
of a mol beam on a non-cooled or cooled to -700C
background. A law, lst observed for zinc, holds
for al-1 (Mg, Zn, Cd) metals. The law concerns
orientation of crystallites which is connected
with the direction of the mol beam and leads the
plate to quasi-monocryst state. Received 29 Sep
51.
2i7T46

/Z
SIYKIN, Ye. D., Cand Phys-Math Sci -- (diss) "Study of the
heterogenei~~'of,Tlastic deformation of metallic monocrystals.11
Mos, 1957. 15 PP (Inst of Phys Chem, Acad Sci USSR, Departmant
of Disperse Systems), 100 cdp&es (KL, 52-57, 103)
- 8 -

AUTHOR: Shchukin, Ye. Pertsov, 11. V., azid liozii'aiiskiy, N~
ACT
Vl~~,,hod fo-r-th-e
InvestiE;a-lion 04' T-rr_gUlarity of Plastt-ic
TITLE:
Deformation. (Piletodika Issledovaniya fleravnomernosti
Plasticheskoy Deformatsii.)
PERIODICAL: Pribory i Tekhnika -Eksperimenta, 1957, No. 2,
pp. 98 - 102 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: Jump-like deformation of metallic mono-crystals at
constant loads is fully discussed in References 1 - 3.
The results of previous investigations have shown that in
order to obtain more accurate data for the investigation
of the effects of evalanche shear, the sensitivity of
the channel 1 and -the frequency pass bands of the channel
R should be increased. In the present article the authors
describe a method of continuous registration of small
sample deformations with an accuracy of dolwn to 56R and
frequency pass band of the channel 0 - 20OOc/s, and of
simultaneous small changes 8of the sample resistance with
accuracy do~;m to 0.5 x 10- ohm and frequency band from
a fraction of a cycle to 1000cls. A schematic diagram
of the mechanical part of the apparatus is Saven in
Fieure 1. It is assembled on a vibration proof and
temperature insulated plate, the sample used is a aire
Card 112 0.5mm diameter, 3.3Cmm long. The channel of the register

A Method for the Investigation of Irregularity of Plastic
Deformation.
(FiE;. 2) uses a photo cell type StSV-3 (CI:XB-3) placed
with its light source in the chamber 1. The channel for
the registration of jump-like changes of the electrical
resistance (channel R, Fig. 3) consists of a sensitive AC
amplifier with a frequency band from 4-20OOc/s and with
the level of fluctuation 'noise as referred to the input,
of the order of a few thousandths ofwV. The experiments
have shown that the instrument has a high degree of sensi-
tivity and stability. A schematic diagram of the mechani-
cal installation, the basic circuLt diagram of channel 1,
the basic circuit diagram of the channel R and a photograph
of small jump-like deformations are given. There are 4
Slavic references.
SUBMITTED: November, 28, 1956.
ASSOCIATION- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR. (Institut Fizicheskoy hhimii AN SSSR)
Faculty of Chemistry of the Moscow State University imeni
11. V. Lomonosov. (Khimicheskiy Fakulltuet 1,,-,.,GU im~
L. V. Lomonosova.)
M
AVAIIABIB: Librery of Congress.
Card 212

2o-6-13/48
AUTHORS: Shchukin, Ye.D. , Rozhanski.y, V.'T. , 1vc:,L-_-:0v1
1"ITLE: On the Modification of the Rheostat Durin- the Occurrence of an
Elementary Displacement (0b izmenerii e lekt riche skoC;o soprotiv-
leniya pri elementarnom sdvigoobrazovanii)
PERIODICALt Dolclady AN SSSR, 1957, Vol- 115, Nr 6, pp. 1101 - 1103 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The investi-ations of the "elementary" displacements of about
500 - 2000 1 are the most interesting ones, which occur in a
gliding zone. For this purpose the ability of the channel to
record deformations was raised to 50 L The experiments were
carried out with cadmium monocrystals of a diameter of Ot75 mm,
and with zinc monocrystals of 0,5 mm of diameter. These crystals
were 15 - 20 mm long and the angle between the hexac.-onal axis
0
and the direction of extension was 30 . The extension experi-!
ments were carried out at room temperature and led to an ex-
tension of 3 - 5 In connection vrith slight and slow deforma-
tions like these the'total increase of the resistance was not
remarkably higher than the geometrically conditioned increase.
The results of the accurate measurings of the oscillo.~~raphical-
Card 1/3 1y registered cracks from Cl - 350 !, upwards in the case of

20-6-1-3/48
On the Modification of the Rheostat During the Gccurrence of an z.L'_-:.jenLarY
Displacement
cadmium and zinc iiionocrystals are shown in a diagram. These
data -ivc evidence of the follyning fact: The streak of the
effective values of q IXI.2r 0-has an S-ahaped form with
the f lexion in the area 111-~d500 to 1000 Iq and with a total
decrease up to 30 ~-' 0.8 aompared with the geometrically condi-
tioned values with 01 > 1000 L This corresponds to a dis-
placement by about 500 interatomic distances in the direction
of the gliding (here R denotes the rheostat, 1 - the exten-
sion and r 0 denotes the resistance of the unit of length of the
not deformed sample.)p re-establishment of the order and a de-
crease of the defects of the structure within the area of the
gliding corresponds to the large cracks which exceed a certain
critical amount. It is especially referred to 'the paired cracks.
Finally the authors give an explanation for the development of
the phenomena here descri bed. Despite the short duration of the
cracks the importance of the vacancies in connection with the
increasing resistance of the hardened metal and its relation
to the dislocation mechanism of the deformation has to be con-
sidered. There are 2 figures and 6 references, 2 of which are
Ct~rd 2/3 Slavic.

AUTHORS: Rozhanskiy, V. N., Pertsov, N.V., 20-5- L 4/48
Shchukin, Ye. D., Rebinder, P. A.. Academician
TITLE: -Effect of Thin Mercury Coatings on the Strength of
Metallic Monocrystals (Vliyaniye tonkikh rtutnykh pokryti.T
na prochnost' metallicheskikh monokristallov).
PERIODICAL: Doklady AN SSSR, 1957, Vol- 116, Nr 5, PP- 769-771 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: At first the authors shortly report on respective literature.
In the present works the monocrystals. of zinc, tin, cadmium
and lead (degree of purity 99.99 %, diameter 0.5 mm,
length about 10 mm) were investigated. As surface-active
substance served mercury which was applied in form of a
thin coating by means of immerging the sample into an
Hg2(NO 3)2-solut ion. The mercury covered the monocrystal.
with an equal film of about 0.1 p thickness and was rapidly
saturated with the metal to be investigated. The investi-
gation of the strength properties of the amalgamated mono-
crystals in their expansion with constant velocity showed
that the strength of the zinc- and tin- monocrystals
Card 1/3 covered with mercury was a few times less than the strength

Effect of Thin Mercury Coatings on the Strength of 20-5-14/48
Metallic Monocrystals.
of the non-amalgamated monocrystals. Such an abrupt decrease
of strength is obviously connected with the important
decrease of surface tension at the metal/mercury boundary
as well as with the decrease of the production operation
of a new surface at the crack. The investigation of axial
ground sections of amalgamated zinc-monocrystals according
to their deformation showed the following: The cracks can
develop on the surface as well as in the interior of the
monocrystal, which can be seen in observing the axial ground
sections. The develooment of the cracks in the inner part
can be connected with a noticeable diffusion of mercury
into zinc (atroom temperature) with subsequent decrease of
the surface tension on the developing inner separation
surfaces. The rise of temperature up to 1600 C annihilates
the above-mentioned phenomena of catastrophic brittleness
with the zinc-monocrystals investigated and reconstitutes
completely the plasticity and the strength. Also the
decrease of the deformation velocity causes phenomena
which are similar to those developing with the rise of
Card 2/3 temperature. The strength of the body decreases with the

SHCHUKIN, Ye. D., ROZHANSIL-TY., V. N., G(EUIIOV,, G. V., and MISOV, N. V.
.........
"Unhomogeneous Plastical Deftrmation and the Effect of Surfacd-Active Mediums on
the Yechanical Properties of Crystals."
paper presented at the Conf. on INIschanical Properties of Non-metallic Solids,
Leningrad, USSR, 19-26 May 58.
Moscow State Univ., Inst. of Physical Chem. Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow.

B1Y.UK-,UNCIIA, I.S.; STICRUKIII, Ye.D.
Effect of mercury coating on the stability of zinc monocrystals
at low teaperatures [with summary in English]. Inzh.-fiz.zhli--.
J. n0.8:116-118 Ag 158. (MIA 11: 8)
l.Institut fizichesko7 khimii All SSSR, Mosk7a.
tZinc-Metallography)

.. .. I / e-
,- , . " I ': I
Y---. L,-). . III I I
"Stil-*--, of the lon-Uniformities of the Plastic Deformation of Metallic Single
Crystals/'.- (Izucheniye neodnorodnostey plasticheskoy deformatsii metallicheskiKh
mr,n3kristallov) Candidate of Physico-mathematical Sciences, Moscow, 11-157. Ac.3c.
USSR. Institute of Physical Chemistry.
TITLE: Di'ssertztions (Dissertatsil)
PEIRIODICAL: Meta lloveden i ye i Obrabotka Metallov, 195,',", No. 2, P. 63 (USSR) -

SOV/120-58-6-24/32
AUTHORS:Dekartova, N. V., Rozhanskiy, V. N. wad Shchukin, Ye. D,
TITLE: Recording of the Damping of the Oscillations of a Torsiona--1
Pendulum of a Loop Oscillograph in the Measurement of Inter-
nal Friction (Zapis' zatukhaniya kolebaniy krutillnogo
mayatnika na shlleyfovom ostsillografe pri izmerenii vnutrenn-
ego treniya)
C)
PERIODICAL: Pribory i tekhr-i-ka eksperi-menta, 1958, Nr 6. PP 107-109
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The internal friction of metals is often measured by
the damping of osciliations of a torsional pendulum (Refs.-,
to 4), The amplitude of these oscillations is usually mea-
sured with a lamp and scale arrangement. To record torEJi.-_n--?._!
oscillations, the present authors have used a special a--lac-n-
ment which will record the oscillations wi-chin the rang, -e
0.1 - 10 c/s with an accuracy of about 3". The pendulum is
illustrated in Fig.1, iia which 1 is a quartz tube, 2 is
a furnace, 3 is the specimen, 4 is a vacuum chamber for
the pendulum, 5 is a mirror, 6 is a damper of transverse
Card 112

SOV/120-58-6-24/32
Recording of the DamPing of the oscillatiDns of a Torsional- Pendulum
of a Loop Oscillograph in the Measurement of' -Tn-,,ernal Friction
vibrations, 7 are loads, 8 is an aluminium rod, 9 is a
window and 10 is a connection to the pump. When the mirror
is at restl the spot of light reflected off it is roughly in
the middle of a photo-element which faces it. As the pendu-
lum is set in motion, the spot will mDve across the photo-
element and an alternating signal will appear across the
load of the Dhoto-element. This is then amplified and then
recorded on a loop oscillograph. The circuit is shown in
Figs.2 and 3 and an actual record of a typical oscillation is
Shown in Fig,4, There are 4 figures7no tables and ? referen-
ces, of which 3 are English and the rest Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Khimicheskiy fakul'tet MGU (Chemistry Department of
TMoscow State University)
SUBMITTED: December 24.. 1957.
Card 2/2

&irface we!.! as
Development or
report presented at the Conference on Irmestigation of Mechanical FTopertles of
Pon-Metals, by the Intl. Society of Pure and Applied Physics and the AS USSR,
at Leningrad, 19-24 May 1958.
(Vast. Ak Nauk SSSTI, 1958, no. 9, pp. 109-1U)

Shchukin, Ye.D., lwbinder, A, ~;oll -6Q-'()-5-
T T T Th e r::~ a -, i on 1---n Surfaces D-rinz ',-e 2efs=atJ :n and
Runture of a Solid in a Surface Active 'Miedium ~,',brazovaniye
novl,k, Poverkhrostey pr~ deformirovan4i i razrushenii I-ver-
dogo tela v poverkhno:3tno-aktivnoy srede)
P:,-RI 0 D ~:Ol 1 04 dnyy zhurnal , 19'-5, -Vcl XX, 1;r pp 64~ -654 (USST
A 3 S T W~ U T T-e ai3crotion of surface-active substances by a sclid body
which is being deformed, may influerce its defcrmation and
resistance properzies. ThJ5 is zrue for the deformation
of monocr.-,'stals ol tin, zinc, and other metals in solutions
of non-polar vasel-ine oil, in comparison to the fr-e sur-
race energy of these monocr-stals (500-1,000 5rgl'cm-), the
reduction amounts to only some tens of erg/cm-, This effect
Is exulained by the movement of dislocations and their in-
teraction with the surface eneraIr. The di'31ocation -:.s a
thermodynamically unstable defect. it, is att--racted to the
surface and the attraction force is reversely proportional
to the distance from the surface. Brittleness and a decrease
in resistance ma.-; be observed in moncerystals of meta15 --r
the presence of a covering of a low-rielting metal., like tin
or mercury, Tlie decrease of the -free surface energy on the
Card 1,12 border between the metal and its saturated solution is con-

-15/2
The !formation of New S~_rfaces Dlir~_ng the Deformation and Tluptuie of A Solid
a Surface Active :,'edium
ASSr
,~C TATION
SUBI,:I-TED
siderable t a T. o ~_~ n t s t 1~ h u n d r e d s .3 _-~' e rc m, The actual
rupture stresses on the ciea-,a,ge planes are lower than the
calculated values, This is due to micro-cracks in the :ry-
stal, The change in defolmation and resistance p_rcperties
under the irfluence of adsorp-,,ion is also observed In glass
It has been stabl--shed that "he presence cf water vapor re-
duces the rupture stress of glass fibers, Under the influ-
ence of adsorption, the -free surface en~rgy_of a solid body
may be reduced to some terths of erg/ /cm ~ in such a case,
a spontaneous disp 9rs-ion o-C the body into par"Lcles of coilo-
idal size with _1(_1 cm in diamet-a-z -takes -.1ace. Phers. are
2 sets of graphs and 28 re-ferences, 19 of which are Soviet,
7 English, and 2 German,
institut f4 z~ches`,Dy kh-;m~- AY S51~11 Otdel d4spersnyklh sistem
;I.oskva (Instituze o' I.Physical of the USSIR Academy
of Sciences De par tme al of D-,*s-_1e.-sed S-:!-s~.emsI~.roscow)
June 16, 19~8
Single 2. Metal crystais--Properties
Card 212

- - . - I -- . . - --. . .1 1 . .- . . . . - - . - .. - I
- . , --- , , , . - . , --I , i . L . , Dt'U11 V , U . vI . ;
"Defoi7mtion processes, the rheological conduct and the destruction of solids and
metals."
r"ort prosented at tile rowth Au-umlcn Cawerame an Colloidal Chm"tZ7,
Tbilisi, Gearglan SM, 32-16 My 1958 (MDU Mur, 20,5, p.677-9, 158, Tsnb~, A.33)

U'T
", 0 1" S Ye. S0V1':-z-r):-2-,',1
"I ii:i_; I S'-Ichukin
4 ,

TTLE:

,
of 'TetL?JS
ca or, ation
777-nomena in the 'Def
. _
yavloniya pri deformatsii rict.,-Il-IoO
I'ERIODICAL Usre':"i fi--.ic!ieski'-h naulk, 1050, Vol 66, Nr 2. pp ~13- 2,'~';

A'~STRACT: 1~1 t'.1c c o,,,.r s eof the past 10 years a new f-Jeld of science
,nas opened tip by an association of So-,-iet scientists headed
by I'. 2'_ Rebinder: the so-called physico-chemical mechanics,
w1lich is a f-4eld borrierin, upon those of physical chemistry,
Molecular ph~ysics,and the mechannics of materials. The main
aims of tl,.is new field of science are: 1) Explanation of
the laws and the mechanism of the production of solids
of -iven structure and mechanical properties, and 2) the
inve3ti,,-ation of processes of deformation, of the working
up and of the destruction of solids in consideration of the
influence exercised by physico-chemical factors, tne compo-
Sition. and structure of the body, of temperature and of the
surrounding medium. Extensi-ve experimental material J_s now
available in this field upon the basis of which it is pos-
Card 112 sible to develop a theory of the processes of production

Physico-Chemical 11henomena --'In the Deformation off' 111--tals
SC V,lc,:,'z -6r.- 2 -4 /1 C,
and destruction of solid materials as well as of the cond-i-
tions for the best imethod of Drocessing. Theoretical work
is based upon the dislocation theory. The authors of the
p.resent paper give an extensive and, in Darts, detailed
purvey of the principal results obtained by investigations
carried out in this field durini~ recent years; results obtain-
ed are discussed on the basis of numerous references to
publications. The results of the physico-chemical mechanics
of metals are also subjected to theoretical treatment
(dislocation theory), The most frequently used materials fcr
investiC,,ations were zinc and zinc monocrystals. There are
20' fiz~ures., A, tables, and 69 references, 2) of which are
~3oviet.
Card 2/2

20-2-1 c160
AUTHORSt Shchukin, Ye... D. , Goryunov, Yu. V. , Pertsov, N. V.
Rozhanskiy, V. 11.
TITLE: On the Nature of the Unhomogeneous Plastic Deformation of
Eetal Mono-Crystals (0 prirode neravnomernosti plasticheskoy
deformatsii metallicheskikh monoicristallov)
PERIODICALi Doklady All SSSR, 1958, Vol. 116, Nr 2, pp. 277 - 2",'q (USSR)
ABSTRACTs In a previous work the followina was shownt The jumps of
deformation of 0,5 to 20 U which usually can be observed in
the case of exDansion of a zinc-crystal, have a very compli-
cated structure and are the sum of a series of elementary
jumps, which form in the various cross sections of the cry-
stal. The investi.~ation of Vic elementary shifts made it ne-
cessary to diminioli thc inertia of the apparatus considerably
and to increp-sc its sensitivity to 50 R. The mono-crystals
with the diameter of 0,4 to 0,8 mm, which were of very pure
(99,99 zinc, cadmium, tin, 1-e-ad and aluminum, were stretch-
ed during constant stress and at room te.-aperature, whereby
Card 1/3 the stress was a bit higher than the stretching-strain limit.

20-2-19/60
On the Nature of the Unhomogeneous Plastic Deformation of Mietal hiono-Crystals
In all the cases of the test-pieces (save aluminum) together
with the deformation also the change of theelectric resistance
of the test-piece was registered. In the c ase of stretching
zinc, cadmium and tin many small jumps of 150 to '00 1 on to
2 000 a with a duration of 1 - 3 to 30 microseconds were re-
ig7istered. Jumps until 10 000 - 15 000 R were found rather
seldom, and if they were found, they were usually of several
small jum s. Also considerably less expressed jumps of 1 000
to 5 000 ~ were observed. By careful microscopic examination
of the deformed crystals was found out that those jumps of
deformation result on shearing and not on twin-formation. The
number of jumps, which can be observed, increases with the
decrease of their size klat least on to 250 - 300 R). Obviously
there is no minimum size of the jumps, but a superior limit
of the elementary shift. In the case of mono-crystals of alu-
minum and of lead a clearly marked formation of jumps was not
observed. The results which were found out here prove the re-
sults on lar.1-e jumps. The discontinuity of the flow and the
quick jumps are to be regarded as a com::,,on feature which is
produced by the nature of dislocation of the plastic defor-
Card 213 mation. There are 4 figures, and 6 references, 3 of which are

AUTHOR: Shchukin, Ye. D. 20 -11 ( -, -1 a / -x
3 0 J, 4,
TITLE: A Criterion of Crystal Deformation Capacity and Adsorption
Effects (Kriteriy deformiruyemosti kristalla i adsorbtsionnyye
effekty)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol. 118, Nr 6, pp. 1105-1108
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: First the author shortly reports on previous works dealing with
the same subject. According to the theory of Mott the local
concentrations of the stresses in a crystal are caused by
dislocation accumulations which are formed in front of various
obstacles in the glide plane. In the case of existente of a
shear stress 'yand of n dislocations in the accumulation the
force reaches the value n3b per unit, oflength, whereby b
denotes unit translation. In reality n is limited by two
factors: 1) If the leading dislocation is well fixed the dis-
locations will accumulate at the distance L in front of the
obstacle -
Card 1/4 in1 n (1-tA,)L.7/Gb.

A Criterion of Crystal Deformation Capacity and Adsorption Effects20_jl8_6-15//4z
Here e-4o denotes the Poisson coefficient, G the shear modulus,
and L denotes the diameter for smaller ( ~4 1 mm) monocrystals
or the grain size for the polycrystals, resp. 2) The obstacle
is characterized by the potential barrier U(x), its height
Umax determining the activation energy in the overcoming of the
obstacle at ;Ir - 0. The quantity Igrad U(x)j max /b2 = Ti(o)
represents the local stress n 3' necessary for rupturing at
T = OOK. The author then introduces the quantity S = N/n
which is important as criterion for the deformation capacity
of a crystal. Here applies
N= 12alT b, n = min ~ n, ;n 2~ , n2'Z1/7"
a denoting the specific free energy of the surface of the
developing microfissure. Explicit terms for this criterion
are given and discussed. A term is given for the critical
Card 2/4 tempDerature of the transition from brittleness to plasticity.

20-118-6-15/43
A Criterion of Crystal Deformation Capacity and Adsorption Eff-ct---
In the case of weak (organic) adsorption active agents (which
cannot render it brittle, but plastic under certain
conditions) a slight modification of a itself cannot displace
considerably the branches of the criterion S. If, however, in
the case of the given deformation conditions the interactions
b"ween the dislocations and the free surface of the crystal
play an important r8le, even a slight decrease of a can
considerably increase the second branch S2 of the criterion.
The corresponding energy barrier U max - ba t' 0,5 eV is due
to the occurrence of an inter stage in the transition of a
dislocation to the surface and is considerably steep. The
,:-enerality of the scheme suggested here was limited by
various conditions which then can also be omitted.
There are 2 figures and 18 references, 6 of which are Soviet.
Card 3/4

2o-113-'-15/43
A Criterion of Crystal Deformation Capacity and Adsorption EJL~fects
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Physical ChemistryAS USSR)
PRESENTED: October 2, 1957, by P. A. Rebinder, Member of the Academy
of Sciences, USSR
SUBMITTED: September 22, 1957
Card 4/4

LA
150)
AWMI. YkabLader. P. A., Academician
TIVU, Now Trecade of Colloid Chemistry (S.,77- p~ti -11tty.
kolloldmor khtwiti)
PMUGUICALS Ustaik Aked-13. cook 3351, 1959. Yr 1. 99 44-51 (0331t)
LDSTW?t At protect. coll.id chemistry play. an especially important
Ps" Is political economy a. it to . alone.
raise substances of modern ..qt ... ring, It is Of great
Free, l.al importers. that .% pr .... t it to possible to carry
as wal.torruptot tro,mettloom froa lyophoblo to ljophilto
"st4se. 2hu., it is possible to obtain technically important
with the required dtructural-sechanioal properties.
,be theory of highly molecular substance* and their solutions
ham d.vol.p*4 Late M Independent br".h of ..11old oh..t.tr7.
fte witallty of *ad.- ..11cid chemistry 1. V-4 by the
f, % It produce. s"I now independent branches of antance.
.:t* the muthcr describe. the QcUr.. Of the Ath All-U.I..
=
ftaf.rew.. of Colloid Chemistry obt.h took plan. In TUL11.1
It a- rg&mL..4.jY.th. Otd.l..17. khkvil.~..
a.-RatuagA (Xty-v)--P.rt.d a the pr .... t state" of
research in the
field
ValvW*f
and
1.) d - d I
~2.1~11 the regularities of -Yna.r..t. to r.sea.
with collaborators Poke &beat the results
:f oxmi"ti.a of water pruportlea &.ud truct~o of peat by
."a G~ rdlo"tLv. Isotope..
.ti... of vdxo'ptl.A and
a r: td-. is a-11.1d dispersion yet....
T. n and him collaborator- reported an the develop-
seat a loctro tatio tabilitr theory .. all .. the
j 0686.1 asion of 4l.p:r.lO. system., and on the theory of
ftrustlon and the prvVertle. of sommaj..
f rwo the
Call ffeare,at.. for . f.lt t.btlL..%ic. fr dL.P.r.t no let...,
me, r. A. Asoinder based it is him j ... $t,4ratiDow (S.f 1).
*h thv*r:.t,1:*'l1r -hovd.tht am j..-.4 'i .... it7
too ti Lev of th at abilL..r to offi.i.at to
of Particle I
Z' X- Dubin" wed him P-pit- 4.4i:.t.. of report. to
=o- to the field of trc.loral charma tort. tics,
11,64XIaborstor, examined new %pp,"c_ Of
henry of electrode proo.o....
I.e" d1:...s:d
IiAA L~;'M,11' A a---f-..-t-uiT-1 1,.-. '14f."
tt t1:1
fit or .1 7- r .1
or the chemical Wddlfl-stl-ft Of the wurf.o.. of ..lid part,.
its (.a.t).
To*To:;PAwlwva' and collaborators reported on
th; alIflostiba of the p"..48 of form.tio. or
too structure is the b&rdsuing Of win-r.1 binding agents.
I, I, D"ttita"howed that the appear".. of high elasticity
If 6ORM&Gt-d .1th the fOrmstiOu Of dt-perston -tmotura.
a. r2 at 1k r,kO, ) .2-t..4 the colloidal state of
~~%Y: ~La thto fit.. and ...,Joe.
lorified the thooretLeal criteria
card im. -'r.-Im: I
t,,. portion Of I d bodies, specialty at.,.,
is surfa. wa-undtg..
-Plrt,.d... th,' -PP,-.-ra--# Of
".at of law d tIt
r and collaborators the Wines..
of rhoologlool properties Of prtattog their
"Shartor in the printing prooo.m.
_1-_j6_zZQ_w'w_tL "ported r&,.1 111%.ti.c
b. on the 4 Pmt!*" *lo* beat table-
.4 .me ti.. truo t~ "a in th du tto. -at*

.7
y o 7 11
0
AUTHORS: Shchulcin, Ye. D., Pertsov, N. V..V Goryunov, Yu. V.
TITLE: Concerning the Change in Mechanical Properties,
Structure, and Electrical Conductivity of Metallic
Single Crystals Under the Influence of a Strongly
Active Adsorptive Medium
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1959, voi 4, Nr 6, op 887-897 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This article deals with changes in the mechanical
strength and deformation characteristics of solids
due to vanishin-ly small 'amounts of adsorbed surface-
active matter, Increased plasticityc-nd flow rates,
lowered yield lim.1ts of metals covered by organic
compounds which are lightly surface-active, and
increased brittleness of high-melting metals coated
by low-melting metal melt such as of Zn and Cd coated
by Hg or Sn. Possible explanations for these phe-
nomena are cited from the works of Academician P. A.
Rebinder and his school (Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR, ill,
Card 1/6 1284, 1956; and others). The authors studied the

Concerning the Change in Mechanical Properties, 77113
Structure, and Electrlcal Conductivity 0~
Meta'LlIc Single Cryotals Under the Influence
of a Strongly Active Adsorptive Mediwn
p'aysical properties and structures of -polycrystal-14-ne
soecimens and artificially grown sitigie crystals of
zIn, Cd, Sn, Pb, and Cu of highly pure compositions,
0.5-1 rnm in diameter and 10-25 n-i long, with or -....,ithout
coatino- by molten Ga or Hg. The experimental data are
presenled in figures and tables beloi-i (FJL,-,-. 2c, 4, 5,
il). X-ray diffraction data disclosed that Ga-coating
with subseauent Ga penetration into the crystals
increases unit cell dimensions and leads to a gradual
u
partition -f Sn and Zn single crystals into an in-
creasingly larger number of disoriented blocks., i.e.,
Uo the transformation of single crystals into poly-
crystalline specimens. Ga-coated C..-, and HS-coated
Zn crystals did not show partition into blocks even
after long aging. Ga-coating improved the mechanical
properties of polycrystall-ine Sn and Zn. The electric
resIstivities alon~r the axes of hicrh resistance of
Sn and Zn sinE-le crystals dronned '-ra-oidlor V.'ith the
Card 2/6 partition into bloc!.-Is and increased along the

Card 316 77113 sov/7o-4-6-14/31
75 90X
Fig. 2c. Ultimate tensile (P.)
and shear (-r.) stresses as func-
tions of the orientation of Zn
single crystals coated by Ga-melt,
at indoor temuerature. X denotes
angle between basal iDlane and
crystal axis a," rupt-iire Point.
1-5 .70 45 60 75 90'X.
Fig. 4. Ultimate tensile (pc)
and shear (-r.) stresses as func-
tions of the orientation of Cd
single crystals coated by Ga-melt,
at indoor temperature. >( denotes
angle between basal plane and
crystal axis at rupt~ire point.

77113 sov/7o-4-6-i4/31
30 160 24X
5. Ultimate
fmction of aging,
Stretching a' he
and 0. 62 rrin c 14
ments.
tensile stress P c in a Sn single crystal as
after coating by Ga-melt at indoor temperat-lure.
r te of 2.4 mm/min of a crystal 13-14 -,-n long
mmeasure -
fool] ^-450; o denotes averag-e of 3-4
Card 4/6
du

ro 7,'.--. L P r, _., t _; C- 3
cnariica' 77113
and EICCtri-Cal C-Onductivity sov/7c-4-6-14/3i
Metallic Sin,-,IE,, Cry,,itai:j Under the Infl.Lience
of a St-"on,gly tItctivr-- Ad.,~orptli,,,,c Mcclium
P
FiG. 11. Tension curves of single-
crystal and polycrystalline Sn at
temperature of liquid N. F is
ultimate tensile -tress; E,
elongation (%); (1) and (3),
I u
single-crys-"-,,-.,l and polycrystalline
Sn, re spec -"-.: -.--1y, without "a-
coating; (2) and (4) the same --aith
Card 5/6

Concerni-ng the Change in Mechanical Properties.
CD - 77113
Structure, and Electrical Conductivity o--P SOV/71C-4-115-14/31
Met-allic Single Crystals Under the Influence
of' a Strongly Active Adsor-otive liedii----m
lo,,-i-resistance axes; both approached the resfszivity
of t'-e resiDective polycrystall-ine specimens. 'P-1- and
Cd only slilghtly c~~anr-ed their res-Istiv-ities. --moro-;ed
me(,l-lanical Dropc-r-,ies of polycrystalllinee spec--7nens
to cmen a nei-., way for de,.,,~Iojrnent. of h-_";z--s-.rer-zh
A. I. Kit;ay.,~Iorods'ft-ly and T. tma*n a-e
fo--- discussionz3. T'-ere are 11
ta--les; and 23 refe--ences. 24' Sov-ieL~., ' U.-II-I., 1
,
'i The 'U.K. refe-rences are:
,,er,rnan, 1 jaDanese.
Deruytt~~L-e, j. Tns-. -e~als, 3 3,371
U
?r'oc. ROY. Soc. P23.,
Philos. Marr 19-8,
C) If 3, 597.,
ASSOCIATIO'Ni: State T Tn 1 4- y J Tilen V. Lomonosov
universitet, imeri T'.. V.
Lon,.onosova)
S 'J B MI T ED, Serite-ber 2., ---.t:7,9
Card 61r.

18(4), 24(2)
05276
SOV/170-59-7-7/20
AUTHORS: Kochanova, L.A., Andreyeva, I.A., Shchukin, Ye.D., LikhTman, V.I.
TITLE: Regularities in the Brittle Practure of Pure and Alloyed Single Crystals
of Zinc
PERIODICAL: inzhenerno-fizi,:heskiy zhurnal, 1959, Nr -(, PP 45 - 52 (US5R)
ABSTRACT, The authors Studied regularities in the fracture of pure and alloyed
single crystals of zinc along the cleavage plane (01001). Pure crystals
were taken of 3 kinds: containing 99.999% of elemental zinc, containing
99.99% of it and commercial zinc; those of alloyed specimens contained
0.2 and 0.5% of cadmium. Experiments were carried out in two versions:
in the absence of an active absorption medium at a temperature of -1960C
and with a thin mercury film of about 5~,thick. applied to the specimen,
at room temperature. Crystals were produced by the zonal crystalliza-
tion method and were 0-54 to O.Q1 mm in diameter and about 10 mm long.
The fracture ol .-ia~; performed on the Polyany device at a con-
stant stretching rate of !U- to 15% per minute, The aul-hors formulated a
11condition of the c-onstancy of the product of normal by sieari-rLa, stresses",
which is expressed by Formula 1 p, , 'Cc = const = K2. By analyzing a
Card 1/3 considerable amount of experimerr:al data the authorz have established that

05276
SOV/170-59-7-7/26
Regularities in the Brittle Fracture of Pure and Alloyed Single Crystals of Zinc
this condition is fulfilled within a wide range of orientations of
single crystals for both pure and alloyed specimens. As the quantity
of the admixture increases, the value of K also increases. The authors
explain this by a hypothesis on the origination of heterogeneities in
the shearing process and occurrence of plastic deformation during a
phase immediately preceding fracture. The value of K for amalgamated
specimens is twice as low compared to - non-amalgamated
ones, both for pure and alloyed crystals. This is explained by the
lowering of the surface energy of zinc in the presence of mercury.
The condition formulated by the authors agrees well also with the ex-
perimental data of the other investigators in this field, such as
Deruyttere and Greenoqgh ZRef g, and is consistent with the theory
Card 2/3 of P.A. Rebinder ZR-efs 7-101 on the effect of adsorption-active media

05276
SOV/170-59-7-7/20
Regularities in the Brittle Fracture of Pure and Alloyed Single Crystals of Zinc
on deformation and strength properties of solid bodies.
There are: It graphs, 2 tables and 13 references, 12 of which are Soviet
and 1 unidentified.
ASSOCIATION; Institut fizicheskoy khimii AN SSSR (Institute of Physical Chemistry of
the AS USSR), Moscow.
Card 3/3

2A, ( 2 )
A'L~'21: "':, S: SOV/20-12A-2-1,3/71

TITLE: On the Bri tItle _Hvpture in Sinffle Cr,-.,,stels olf Zinc
(0 khrurkom razryve monokristallov tsiril-)

~I~DTCAL:
PEI
- I-
01 -
-Iden'Li r~~ul: 333S'
IT j
Dol-lady Ak
1
r 2
p 507-~10
L ,
.
.
'
,
, p
(ussi,)
A B S 2-`1 C if in -a body is a crack of the magnitude c, the relation

!iolds for thf~ don-orcus tension vertical to the
P
C
surface of the M here denot;es a certain dimensional
coefficient "inc-Z, not di.i.'~`er considerably from 1. Under
t',-e action t1h.- ti~nt:ion T crystal is asswneO to be
shi ted I),: ~ !.he ~-_:nount i~ut shiftin.- i-_ not supposed to

over the entia,& cro~:E; section
z, ro because of the
presence of a saIi.' obst.acle 0 in the slip plane.
Shear is tn,-ju localized to a limited interval and the field of
tension exic-tirir; in t:'!e r~-~,r;ion !:urroundine this defect can then
be compared wit:, t,e i,la.,ltic Field of an incision which is
,)arallel to tii,~ tension. _-Ile marimurn e,.-rj,;nclin- tensions
'
fL the
act along a 'Line foripin~f the angle 0 with the plane o
Card 1/3 incision. An is %vritt~!i, do,.-ni for the reduction of

On the 11,upturfa in o_L' ",iac SOV/2O_12A,_2_1~;/-j-I
elastic ac a re-,ult o:' L,,e ofenin- of the cracl-. T.'
in Ue sli,3 ~;hift_ havc not been carried ou,.
accuri:ulabc .:it' in tiic: abuv--~ inLerval, it may be that in
cr,,stal a crack ccri-e;-rI-~n(,_in~-- to couilibrium. is for-to(I. ..'he
author ic ~'n~crc-,;Lcd izi Lhc, limitinc c,%se of the possilulo
of sucIi cracks. Such,. i cace -:~y arise if, bofore the a-fore-
mentioned "imnenctra`ble obot~-.cic", the intcrval, -witli hi~-;h
concentration of 'the oni_,'to not carriuad out, attains the
dimensions of the entire slip plane zith rejpect to order of
magnitude. A fori.,iula is written down for the i-,aximum ar-ount of
tension. A quito simlilar result is obtained also on the basis
of the theory of dislocations. Tihe relations written down in the
present paper are considerably simplified in the case of zinc
single cr-stals, becz~,.use one and the same basis plane is at the
same time -the onlv slip plane and the only distinctly marked
plane of cleavability. The crack will develop above all in that
direction of (R) in -.-ilhich the local concentration o-f the
expanding tensions is Createst in a homogeneous isotropic medium.
Card 2/3

On the Brittle Rupture in Single Crystals of Zinc SOV/20-12~'~-2-1j/71
In the case of zinc this angle (a) will not be so 1-,-.r,~e.
In conclusion, diagrams for the brittle rupture of
amalgamated zinc single crystals at room temperature are given
and discussed in short. There are 4 figures and 12 references,
6 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATIO71: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nEtLik SSSR (Institute for
USSr,
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences,
PRESEINMD: September 6, '1958, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBINUTTED: June 7, 1958
Card 3/3

5 ( 4 *)
AUTHORS: Kochanova; L. A., Andreyeva, I, A,? SOV/20-126-6-44/67
Shchukin, Ye. D.
TITLE: On the Brittle Rupture of Pure and Alloyed Zinc Single Crys-
tals (0 khrupkom razryve chistykh i legirovannykh monokrist-
allov tsinka)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 126, Nr 6, PP 1304-1307
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the papers (RL-fs 1-4) the authors investigated the rupture
of pure zinc single crystals along the cleavage face (0001)
and found that the product of normal and cleavage tensions is
2
constant - pctc = const = K . The results are given for tech-
nical zinc and for zinc alloyed up to 0.5 % with Cd and com-
pared with the results obtained for pure zinc (Table 1).
Figure 1 shows the values of rupture tension for pure zinc at
-1960 C and various angles between crystal axis and face
(0001) as well as the effect of a mercury film upon the
strength at +200 C. Table 1 shows that X increases with in-
creasing amount of additions. Figure 2 shows the values of
Card 113 rupture tension 'r for amalgamated and non amalgamated pure

On the Brittle Rupture of Pure and Alloyed Zinc SOV/20-126-6-44/67
Single Crystals
zinc single crystal in dependence on the crystallographic
shear a. The characteristic break of the deformation curve
at a0 (flow limit) as well as the increase in strength for
a < a., connected with the latter are due to the increase of
the incomplete shears (dislocation accumulation). ao de-
creases with increasing amount of alloy components. Table I
gives the degree of inhomogenefty f = ao/al (ao' refers to pure
0
zinc). As shown by figures 3 and 4, the experimental results
are in good agreement with those obtained by A. Deruyttiere
and G. B. Greenough (Ref 5). Pcr0 = K2 holds for both amalgam-
ated and not amalgamated zinc single crystals of varying
purity. The values for K are reduced by 50 O,~6' as a result of
the reduction of the free surface activity a. The authors
thank V. I. Likhtman for his advice. There are 4 figures,
1 table, and 13 references, 12 of which are Soviet.
Card 2/3

on the Brittle Rupture of Pure and Alloyed Zinc SOV/20-126-6-44/67
Single Crystals
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
PRESENTED: February 17, 1959, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: February 10, 1959
card 3/3

24(2), 16(6) SOV/'2o 26 -2 -113/59
A _'T HORS Gorjunov, Yu. V., Pertsov,. N. V., Shchukin, Ye. D Rebinder,
P. A., Academician
TITLE: Variation in the Structural and wechanical Properties of the
Single Crystals of Tin Under the Influence of a Strongly Ad-
sorptionactive I'lledium
PERIOLICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Voll 128, Nr 2,
pp 269 - 272 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This article deals with 'he inflaence exercised by a thin li-
quid gallium film upon the mechanical and structural properties
of the single crystals of tin and upon their electrical con-
ductivity. Dif-ferently oriented single crystals of tin (degree
of purity 9.0.999 c,*/., diameter 0.5 - 1 mm, length 10-25 mM) were
bred by the method of zone crystallization. The liquid me-
tallic gallium was mechanically applied to the surface of
the samples in a quantity of from tenths of a milligram to
5-10 mg. As in 1he case of Zn-Hg and other pairs mentioned al-
ready earlier, plasticit.-i- and strength of the single crystals
of tin decrease abruptly as soon as the gallium has been
Card 1,14 a-,;P'-,-;ed zo the samole surface. However, tney decrease even

V i !, t-ne S tr_~c tura I and I'llechanica 1 Propert ies SOV/2,~-' 28-2 -1
cf tine Single Crystals of Under the Influc~nce rf Li C.1-ongly
Adsorptior-
more in the course of time. After a fex days, the sample i_-
pulverized. by tKe pressure of a finger-nail . A dJ~abgram 111a-
strates the resultz: cbtainad by measurement off the true ten.siais
of the break resulting from an of zhe ~allium-
c3z,.:;ed z~na,e cr-stals o~ tin a-, a --on-stant veloci,:y ,fI\j2Qw.3'
as a iunct~un of ~he peried of t-,:ne passed since the
coating of the samples wituh gailium. The extreme relative pro-
lon~a,ions increased by 30,/.j -'as a maxcim-,~..: val,;.c-' immedia-~ely
after t;;e sam-Ples had been coated with calliuin. This percentage
drcpped to some per cent, after thp sampleshad been exposed
to rocm temperat_ire for 24 hours, and after some days It, was
small, The strength of sinlgl-z! crystals coa-~ed with
,gailium, aacunts to -1-5 kg/mn,'- approxiz,ately immediately after
the coating, and drops to 50 gllwim~ alter 7--;0 days, X-ray
pirt-ires taken before and after the coating showed that afte--
,h~_ coatin.a the single crystal gradaally decomposes into di-
stinctly disorientr-d blocks. After some days the initial stains
on the X-ray p-Lcture vanish almost completely, and the uic-are
resembles that cf a ;~clycrystailine wetal. At a suff-i3ien-I
Card -~_;antity of gallium and sufficiently long action of the

!r~% r ~ ~ ~ 3 0 V, ` 2 o1 -2 8 - 2 - 13 / 5 9
1 it or, -::. t 1-,e Str.ct-,ral a.,-.d 1-lechanical Propert`t~s
Df t ~-- e S e Crysta -'s of T in ~;nder the Inf laence off -- Stron-~ly -Adsorption-
ac'-ive -edium
latter on the single crystal of tin, this phenomenon extends
throuzhout the entire crystal volume. In the case of samples
oriented in such a manner that their original resistance is only
small (i.e. at large angles ~ between the tEt-ragonal
0 [00~
axis and the sample axis), resistance increases In the course
of time, while it gradually drops after the coating of samples
with high original resistance (if the tetragonal axis is near
the sample axis). Gallium for gallium saturated with tin)
is a strong adsorbe-,,t for tin. During elongation in liquid
nit.ro-en ~he strencrth. of samples coated with gallium really
increases as-compared to single crystals without coating. The
authors "hank Professor V. I, Likhtman, who contributed to
a discussion of the results of this article. There are A.
figures, 2 tables, and 27 references, 26 of which are Soviet,
Card 3/4

Variati-on ir the Structural and Mlechanical Properties SOV/12o-128-2-13/59
of the Single Crystals of Tin Under the In.fluence of a Strc:i,-,ly Adsorpticn-
7
active i'..Ldium
ASSOCIATION: Otdel dispersnykh sistem Instituta fizic~eskoy khimiii Akademii
nauk SSSR (Institute for Disperse Systems of the Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Acade:.,iy of Sciences, USSR)Kafedra
kolloidnoy khimii Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta
im. M., V. Lomonosova (Chair of Colloid Chemistry of 11.1oscow
State University imeni M. V, Lomonosov)
Sj3;7':IT'--TD: June 5, 1959

1
91 T-bO
T -r.11.
FER :PD'--,- AL.,
32803
S/ '"71;S 1,*000/'012/124/i4g
AGO t /A I C, I
!,,A,,, LiKntrran, V.71 Ye.D.., Kor.-hanova, L.A.,
N,V
and --~he rre-ha-,,Em of effe-.-, of Sma-1 surface ac-
and, strenwt,~ proper-,tes of single
Re f & r&, z-h-unittl . Me I urg iya . n--.,. 12. 196 i , ~~4--35, abs trac t
2
27 f AN 23, 147-161)
w-re made alfferer--,-7~,;- cr-ler-j~--d Zn and Cd si-ngle
1 tr.,T n ~LTe:-.k-r. w-,-,h a *hln film of surface active Sn and
m~ 1 1-', 5., It iEi s!7:otim :na- a., ~em,eri*~jre~ of "Dal!r- M--&.L-Z~Cating"
rval-e~-*-1--!i. 'i7'6 Trecez.-,ca Ct -i me-,~a--- layer atrongly reduces
and ~f -tie and bri-.1- failure. The
vrit~le effes- ~f a~ '~-'vc- 15 a fz,2'~lnn of -t4emperature
and tire def-=t0;,c- Emc-r-,t.:~lemer.-. ari reiu3ed strengr---- are not connected
wr-l-, Tn-ei~o- .tj-. are caj~ed -y a --ecrear-r-- of -~.he -.q,:rk whi3h Is
nC-:e:H-=!a-F -ne dae to ~,ne- c-f s-.1--face-
"a r

32803 'Jug
AOCEA101
a-ve rne-a-; c-. At a dr:p if the -,est ~em-
I~eracl~ure 1-1-1 7 Of -t~ "'c-a~-e Te*A I- -C 'ria" s-j' ~:-- i~-s, ~,,he 'e.Thri-.t3 ing effe a t
-C-
IC- -11:~ a rl,~Itl of a~cme. The
vanishes zrajitIiy,
effel-r. v5z-.Fte~ a:~c- j5.. high temperatures ani lovi
tenzll-i r.-:tIC-3, wh,~-n -n- cf def~rmi!it,-,on wicrc-hr-tercgereit'e5 and local
strEsees -,~he falu.-e r-!~--Ief '-.-D In-z iangerouts cra,.-m's, even a It
a z-:1- 4-e r i'-_ I eri:- eL2e -f frr:-.e engrg-;-. rhsr~- are 21 refererces.
V. slr-1~5.-Icv
rAb:tra.,~Er'~~ nc.,x-
L
2jT[C-~-*,C-
Cara RIPR

85 2 0-C'
AUTHORS: Likhtman
TIT LE: Surface
t~oa of
PERIODICAL: Uspekhi
Q/071."'0/029/010/003'00,1
~013/B075
V. L, and Sh,~iiukin, Ye. D.
Phenomena in Processes of Deforma-tion and Destruc
Metals 'I~o
khimii, !960, VoL 29) No~ 10. pp. 1260~1284
TEXT: The suboect (-,'I the present survey -is the sc-called Rebinder effec.t.
1 rt %Vh K smal 1 quanti ties of surf a~!e ac t subst ances I!ccntained in the
medium cr ir. the 'cody , tse-If - play a per t dur ing the def ormat ion and
destru~%tirn t~f sc-lid bodies. This effect is caused by a decrease of the
free eneTgy on new surfaces, which are formed during the deformation
or dPstru,-,t,,cn of solid bodies due tc reversible (physical) adsorption.
Adsorption'lessentially promotes the fcrmation ~;f these new surfaces and
&-eTrs--a-s-e's- t-he effort necessary f,:r the deformation or destruction of
bcd,es (Refs. ' '7). The authors point cut that the adsorption dependent
change cf mechanical prcperti-es of the bodies is by no means related to
s.,:rrcsion processes r;r to the dis3olution of the body. The action of
adsorption on the deforma~.icr, -and stab-Ility projer-zies of solids is of
Card 1/5

Surfac.e Phencmena in Prccessas of Deformat--on 'S/07A/60/029/010/003/004
and Destruction Cf ;1,1,etals BO!z)/BO75
practical impor*arlce for metal wcrking (Refs. 23, 26, 27), for powder
production Oefa. 7. 8 , etc-, investigation of thc9e pheric'mena represenT,3
rart cf the new branch cf science the physic,.-) chemiCal m8chanirS of
sol,ds~ This f',.e'd
I of research being developed by P~ A. Rebinder and his
ccilabcratci- has i~s origin at the boundary between mclecular physics,
s~~, ,ri stare rhys-,rs, phys.cal chemistry. arid the me,.-hanics C-f the c~ortin
U311s snpctrum~ Th-~ aim cf this branch -f scienre is the r).-cdu,,~ticn cf
boj~es with given structure and properties as well as the- development of
rat"onal metho
I ods for the mechanical wcrkinE of solld bodies by Using
physicc chemicai fa.-.tors (Refs. 6, 29). Mon-ocrystals of metals are most
suitable for investigat-icri pur-peses.. For rhese cbje,~ts 1.t is of special
importance to apply the recent theory of dislocations -,,o their present
stage cf development. By this means the possibili;y is also offered to
analyze the mechanism of media a-3ting on the deformation- and stabIlity
characteristi,,~s of bodies (Refs' 13-1115, 19~, ~10). Some of these experiments
are taken --nto snecial consideration: 1) Plastifi--ation of metal moron
crystals under the action or organic surface-active media (Refs- 3-5. 05~
10, !3. 14. 16 19 23 24, 3'~42),. Experimental data ccnfirm not only
the adsorpti-cr chara~~.ter --f this effect but show also the same rules as
with the at 1,.qu;d bcundary 3urfaces~ The plas~ifylng effect
Card 21'

8 5 0- c-2,
Surface Phenomena in Processes of Deformation 31/074/410/029/010/003/00z1
0 7,
and Destruct4,.~n cf Metals B .5/B075
which is extremely complicated and varied, is cornected with a whcle
spectrum cf aclivation energies and can be observed n different tempera-
ture ranges as well as at different rates of deforma~icn. 2) Decrease of
the free surface energy under the acticri of melting of more easily
meitable metals than the material concerned (Refs. 6. 11, 12. 1.4, !5, !7~
cverninc, the
2' 22, 2A. 215. 29, 50~ 43-60. 69. 066)~ The rules -
al-ti.~rl ~f these highly surfaze art,.ve me-dia were, studied in the Otdel
disDarsnvkh sistem Instituta fizichesko.-v khimi--l AN SSSR (Denartment
for Disperse Systems of the Institute of Physical Chemistry AS USSR)
and at the kafedra kolloiancy khimil MGU (Chair of Collcidal Chemistry
,-,f Moscow State UnivarsitL._ it was shown that under the effect of an
intenattly absorptive mad-lum a' highly plastic mGnocrystzil qualitaltively
changes its mechanical prcperties and becomes brittle. Embrittlement de-
pendF on tempera;ure and rate --,f deformaticn~ By -cmparir- The investigat-
ed pair--si metal . coating with bnary meltability diagrams, a semi empirical
rule could be set up., wh-.ch indicates whether the metal concerned is,with
respect to another more difficultly meltable one, intensely surface-active
or not. 3) ShLft of the cold -brittlenesd~limit in the presence of melted.
h,),-h'ly a,~sorpt*.ve ~oattnas toward hiaher temr:eratures (Re4fs. 1-, 19, 23~
car,,]

Sur fa I- e Ph e r, r-me v a in P roc c,; s e 9 -f De f o rmat i ~ n S/0 7A /60/ 02 9/0 1 O/Oo V00A
an J De s t ru .7 t i o n -~ f Me t a I s K ' 31/ ,BO 7 5
2A 42 60) , i t can be -as s um-e fj t h a t '.. he na f, ura 1. anj -.1, e f Cr .- ed M i t c If
ccill br it tieness have the same charac ter . I ts rel ativ,- posi t ion cr; the
tampera-ur6 s-ale d9pends only cn the variability of the Darameter 0.
V~
4 ) Spon t -an P r u -q d L s per s i n-, c ~cur r L ng a t a 2o ns ide r ab le de crease cf t he
0
f rv~-e surfa~-s energy cf tne sc lid body with it.; low effective solubility
in tte respective med ium (Refs. 13. 14. 24 . 52 , 62 6 4 ) . A cs R,~b I n d -, r
has shc-wn. dispersion takes place in collo.,dal particles 6 of '0" cm,
i~e~ , of the c-,rd-~r ef maan~tude cf the structure microunit7 However, the
possibil-ties ct' this prcces5 are restr-".cted by ~,-he equil -.br:ium beLween
the colloidal partl,-Ies and the substance being in the state of an effec-
solliti cn., by the presence cf a charge on the particle surface, as
w ell as b.-, the mi--~r~-,stru-ture cf the sclicl ccncerriedt Table 1 contains
the maximum values of ~.he plaotifying effect and the ccrrespr-nding
con::entrat 1,-n ..f ccmponent!~ f::r d iffFrenr organic surface-
a~:tivq media. Table 2 *he exnpr:merital -f K and of the
characteris~i: shi."t a which - . ~t- -- r(a),
-cr-respc-ids the fra!-tion on curv
for z:nc monocri.,s-z-al't --I~ffii-rent purltj degra&s ~,:-ating (at a
e mp = r a t ur s c f I . qu . d ni-.-rcger-) -arid witb mercury :-catin- ,a- rocm rempexa-
o
ture.) (Ref. in Table 3 the rate cf stabilized -reep:ng cf zinc mono
Card 4/5

8,;~ '2 C'2
Surface Phenomena in Processes of Deformation
and Destructicn cf 111'etals
,:crystals withcul. r~cating (i~ and with tin cr-3ating
0j
S~ T. Kishkin and Ya. M, Potak are mentioned,
6t". referen,-~es; 93 Soviet
tables. and
Japanese.
ASSOCIATION: Otdel dispersnykh sistem Instituta
AN SSSR
(Department for DiSDarse Systems of
Physical Chemistry "IS USSR)
S/07Z/4O/O2r-'O'0/OO3/OO4
BOI`0075
(4) is given (Ref, 23)
0 -
There are 13 figures,
11 British. 2 German, and
fizicheskoy khimii
the Institute of
~lx
Card 51/5

S/020/60/133/01/19/070
B014/B011
AUTHORS: -Kochanova, L. A., Shchukin, Ye. D., Likhtman, V. I.,
-Rebinder, P. A., Academician
TITLE: Origin and Development of Cracks in Deformed Crystals~
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR9 1960, Vol. 133, No. 1,
pp. 71-73
TEXT: By way of introduction, the authors subdivide the cracking of a
crystal on stretching into two stages depending on the course of deforma-
tion. In the stage A there occurs a slow formation and a gradual growth of
the cracks at sites with high tension; in the stage B the crack quickly ex-
tends over the entire cross section of the crystal. The authors discuss the
basic role of shear in stage Ag and explain the origin of microcracks in
this stage by the unification of dislocations and the formation of hollow
nuclei. The mechanism of the development of cracks is closely examined, and
V. N. Rozhanskiy (Ref. 7) is mentioned in a discussion of the position of
the cracks in the lattice. The most probable arrangement is regarded to be
the serial arrangement of dislocations in a lattice plane, which develop to
Card 1/2 V12",

Origin and Development of Cracks in Deformed 3/020/60/133/01/19/070
Crystals BO14/BO11
a crack on further deformation. Formula (1) is given for the length c of a
crack, and formula (2) for the normal tension, From these formulas the
authors derive the condition for the constancy of the product from normal
tension and shear stress; this constancy is well proven by experiments. The
authors tested the independence of expression (1) of expression (2). For
this purpose they studied the development of cracks in amalgamated zinc
single crystals. Microscopic analyses revealed inner cracks in the crystal
plane (0001) of all samples. Relation (1) and (2) by Griffith were tested
experimentally, and a few relative results are given. The authors state
finally that the results obtained by them prove the universal character of
the scheme worked out by them for the analysis of a crack development.4
There are 3 figures and 14 references: 10 Soviet, 3 British., and 1 Japanese.
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences,
USSR~-
SUBMITTED- April 7i 1960
Card 2/2

63131
S/020/60/133/005/008/019
/P moo BO19//BO54
AUTHORS; Shchukin, Ye D-, Kochanova, L. A , Likhtman, V. I,
TITLE: Some Special Features of Brittle Destruction of Metallic
Crystals
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol, 133, No 5,
pp io64 - lo66
TEXT: In the introduction, the authors refer to some of their own
previous papers (Refs, 1 and 2). There, it had been clearly established
that in the rupture of amalgamated single zinc crystals a spread of
rupture stresses occurs along the basic plane (0001), If, for a given
angle L between the plane (0001) and the sample axis, Pmin Q.) and
PmaxQo) are the minimum and maximum rupture stresses for the angle
then the relative quantity (Pmax - Pmin)/P max strongly increases with 0
increasing Zo, For Z.) 50', this quantity remains below 10%. for L< 30
it attains a value of more than 25%. To clarify these relations, the
Card 1/3

83131
Some Special Features of Brittle Destruction S/020/60/133/005/008/019
of Metallic Crystals B019/BO54
authors carried out microscopic investigations of the basic planes (0001)
of the fragments obtained in the rupture of many amalgamated single zinc
crystals., The diameter of the single crystals L0was about 1 mm, 10 was
between 20 and 700. Many steps were found (Fig. 1) in the surfaces of
fracture which were caused by cracks on the transition from one (0001)
plane into the other. Thorough investigations showed that the main steps
appear in the places of origin of rupture cracks. In previous papers
(Refs' 3 and 4). the authors gave a detailed theory of the origin of
cracks, and here they q-uote formula ~1) obtained here:
(P T 11121(p T )112 (P sin 3/2 Cos 1/2 ~) /(P sin3/2 Cos 112 sin '12
C CIA c c B C A c B To,
Here, pC is the normal stress to the basic plane, T C is the shearing stress,
the indices A and B refer to the type of fragment, and P C is the break
stress, Fig.. 2 shows the experimental data, corresponding to (1), for six
differently oriented samples. It appears that (1) is fulfilled in a wide
range of orientation with an error of about 10%. From the results
obtained, the authors infer the difference between the roles played by the
Card 2/3

83131
Some Special Features of Brittle Destruction of S/020/60/133/005/008/019
Metallic Crystals B019/BO54
outer and helical dislocations in the mechanism of destruction, By a
further investi.~ation of normal and shearing stresses in the rupture of a
crystal it should be possible to solve a number of problems which are
connected with the temperature- and velocity dependence of destruction
There are 2 figures and 11 references: 8 Soviet, 2 German, and 1 US
ASSOCIATION: Institut fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
PRESENTED: April 7, 1960j by P,, A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: March 29, 1960
Card 3/3

AUTHOR: -Shchukin, Ye. D.
S/020/60/135/o6l/016/030
B006/BO56
TITLE: A Possible Mechanism of Slideline Forming in the Absence
of Localized Dislocation Sources
PERIODICAL:' Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR,,1960, Vol. 135, No. 1,
pp. 61-64
TEXT. Th oblem of increasing dislocations during deformation of
V pr
crystalenas already repeatedly been dealt with, but hitherto no definitel
solution could be found. Already 10 years ago, Frank and Read suggested I
the model of localized sources of dislocations which has repeatedly been
u.sed witho t, however, the occurrence of such sources having satisfactori--
U: I
1y been proven experimentally. The author of the present paper now su-
gests another process of increasing dislocations. One of the possible
variants is shown in Fig, 1. Under a stress applied to a crystal, a di s
location itp is assumed;to spread, and part of it is assumed to go over
to a slide lane located~parallel in -the immediate proximity, where,
proceeding rom this new'loop, a dislocation field again spreads. This
process is;deacribed in great detail, but on the basis of a denotation
Card 1A
,-- C:-,-

003
F--~:-P,Ossible Nechanism of Slideline Forming in the S/020/60/13576-6-1/6i6/o3d
Absence of ILocalized Dislocation Sources Boo6/BO56
-ABCD, which! has obviously been forgotten in Fig. 1.
40
45
Caid 2/4
50

'/020/60/135/001/016/030
IS
B006/BO56
!
~Card.~/

A Possible h1echanism of Slideline Forming
in the Absence of Localized Dislocation
Sources
84663
S/020/60/135/001/016/030
B~06/BO56
A possible~variant of the process of the splitting off of a dislocation
loop of a parallel slide plane located nearby. I = the area covered by
the dislocation loop in the initial plane; II = the area covered by the
dislocation loop in the neighboring (higher).Plane. The arrow indicates
the direction of the Bu**rgers vector b. The author finally thanks V. 1.
Likhtman aAd V. L. Indenbom for valuable advice. There are 1 figure
and 13 non-Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Inatitut fizicheakoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR
i
(Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences
ussRT- .. . I
PRESEITTED:! June 14, 1960, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTrb:1 June 7, 1960
40
5
50
Card 4A

20797
I Ito, 11,12) 1 2 g G7 S/181 16110031003102VO30
Lt B 102/13205
AUTHORS: Kochanova, L. A., Shchukin,,-,Ye. D., and Likhtman., V. I,
TITLE: Mechanism of coarse destruction of metallic crystals
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 3, 1961, q02-910
TEXT: Studies conducted by the authirs in their laboratory have shown that
the mechanical properties of metals can be strongly influenced by placing
them in highly adsorbing media (fusion of fusible metals). Such a treatment
results in a considerable decrease in plasticity and strength. In the
papers of Academician F. A. Rebinder et al. on the effect produced by adsorp-
tion from the ambient medium upon the mechanical Droperties of Solids, thesq
effects have been ascribed to the considerable decrease in free surface
energy on the boundary between the deformed metal and its saturated solution
in the other liquid metal. This effect of the metal melt occurs immediately.
Experiments have shown that the rule governing the deformation and coarse
destruction of metals is not altered by the presence of the liquid metalt
The study of the mechanism of coarse destruction of metals is, however,
considerably facilitated by the use of active metal melts. The present
Card 1/4

20797
S/181/61/003/003/023/030
Mechanism of B102/B205
papi~r includes a detailed discussion of experimental data relating to this
subject. The data were obtained at room temperature for amalgamated single
crystals of zinc.. Theoretical investigations have shown that the destruc-
tion (rupture on elongation) of single crystals of metals can be divided
into two stages: Stage A: More or less slow formation and extension of
"embryonic" cracks .--it points of elevated concentration of stresses, caused
by inhomogeneities ef plastic deformation. In this stage, the shear stress
T plays the most significant role. The growth of the cracks is accompanied
by the occurrence of new dislocations. Stage B: Rapid extension of an
unbalanced crack over the entire cross section ~Tf the crystal. This process
is predominated by the normal stress p. The critical relation between nor-
mal stress and shear stress is given by pcTc = I 2Gd/L, where y is a dimen-
sionless coefficient which differs only slightly from 1; G is the shear
modulus, L the cross section of the single crystal, and a the specific free
surface'energy. Furthermore, the relations
c r 2L2 ~~ (1) and pc = a(EG/c )1/2 a I (G C/c 1/2 (2) hold;
E_a = Go max
max 2~r, max
c is the length of the crack, E the elastic modulus, and P a dimensionless
Card 2/4

20797
Mechanism of
S11 8116 It 1003100310231030
B102[B205
coefficient of the order of unity. The two last-mentioned relations which
characterize A and B, respectively,-mre experimentally verified independent-
ly of each other. This was done by a study of the formation of cracks on
an increase in D and T. The specimens (amalgamated single crystals of zinc)
had a purity of 99.9~%, a diameter of 1 mm, a length of 10 mm, and showed
different angles of inclination of the basal planes toward the axis of the
specimens. The rate of elongation was constant and amounted to 12'~f./min.
The stresses were determined from the relations
P sin cos)(~ PC = P sin)(osin where P is the tensile stress referred
0 ~O 0 0
to the initial cross section, and is the angle of inclinaticii of the basal
plane toward the axis of the specimenfor a given deformation E. The valid-
ity of the function c max (x) was proved by a series of specimens with
210, and specimens withY 0 varying from 106 to 670 showed the correct-
ness u: the relation (2) by 6riffith. A study of cracks of destruyed
ppeci;-,.~ns has shown that the predominant role in the formation of destruc-
,tive cracks is presumably played by ang-ular or screw dislocations,
V. 11. Rozhanskiy is mentioned. There are 5 figures and 31 references:
21 Soviet-bloc and 10 non-Soviet-bloc.
Card 3/4

20797
Mechanism of ...
S/181/61/003/003/023/030
B102/B205
ASSOCIATION: Otdel dispersnykh sistem Instituta fizicheskoy khimii- AN
33SH Moskva (Department of Disperse Systems of the Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the AS USSR, Moscow)
SUB?,'.ITTED: 26, 1960
Card Ir/4

SHCIIUKIN. Ye,.D.;.6MEiNOVA, M,
Initiad -1a.3--ic c~eformati,:~r )-f metal ci7c-allo,
6 rio.5:78'1-7r"9 S-0 ;61. 7ic-:-A
1. Institut fizicheskoy khindi All SSSR~
(Defo-rmptions (Mechanics)) (Metal crystals)

si 02011'-" 136/006, 021/024
3!01/B203
AUTHORS: Summ. B. D., Goryunov. Yu. V.. Pertso7j N. V., Shchuk"n,
Ye. D., and Rebinder, P. A., Academician
TITLE: Cracking in a bent zinc plate with local application cf a
liquid surface--active metal (mercury)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, v, 136, no. 6, i96,, 1392-13,05)
TEXT: The authors deal with tile problem of changing the mechanical
properties of metals by the action of surface--active metals. The present
paper reports an the action of small mercury drcps on cracking'in a bent
zinc plate. Industrial zinc of the thickness 6 = 0.8-3 mm and' the width
a of up to 50 cm was bent by a force F, as Is shown in Fig. 1. In the
U was only about 7-8 kg/=2 (tensile
place of Hg application, 'he stress om
strength of Zn about 18 kg/MM2). in the absence of Hg, no considerable
residual deformations occurred after 10 min; at a higher load, the zinc,
could be bent at right angles. If, however, at a pm of a-bout '7 kg/mm2,
an Hg drop (mass m about 0.2-.40 mg) was applied to the zinc surface
Card 114

20644
S/020/6i/136'/006/0211/024
Cracking in a bent zinc plate with local ... BIOI/B203
polished by etching, a crack formed which, in A -_-,hcrt time (1-2 sa:~),
adsorbed the entire Hg, and rapidly extended perpendicular to pm. The
rate of extension decreased gradually, and was already -.-ery lc,-.,v after
5-10 min. The crack extended ovar the greater part -:f -.,.5 length thrcugh
the entire thickness 6 of the plate. The final lengtl, L of the crack
depended on the quantity of Hg. On the basis of conc--eEts of the migration
of Hg along the cracked surface and the diffusion of Hg into the cracked
surface, the authors derived for the length L:
L - A6-2/3m 2/3 (A = const). This equation was confirmed expcrimentally.
Cracking showed three stages. At the first stage, 'he rate of crackil-,g
is constant and independent of m, the mass of the Hg drop. H- is
adsorbed, and distributed over the crack, With increasing volume of the
crack, the Hg is no longer sufficient to fill. it. This is the beginning
of the second stage. Hg is distributed as a liquid phase only on the
crack surface. The Hg migrates to the place of destrucrion, and diffuses
into the crack surface at the same time. At the third stage, no -more
liquid Hg is present. The slow growth of the slit tahes i) lace through
migration, the Hg adsorbed on the slit -wall being redistributed.
Card 2/4

S/020/61/136/006/021/024
Cr!Lcking in a bent zinc plate with local... B101/B203
According to the authors' opinion, a detailed analysis of migration and
diffusion, and the reduction in strength of metals under the action of
surface-active melts, can be studied by means of such experiments.
Furthermore,' the kinetics and migration of adsorptive atoms will be
studied. There are 4 figures and 4 Soviet-bloc references.
ASSOCIATION: Mosl-ovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. M. V. Lomonosova
(moscow state University imeni M. V. Lomonosov). Institut
fizicheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences USSR)
SUBMITTED: November 5, 1960
Card 3/4

SU119-ly B.D.; GORYUNOV, Yu.V.; PERTSOV, N.V..; SlICRUKIN, Ye.D.
Spread of mercury over a free zinc surface in connection with a
study of strength reduction due to adsorption. Dok-l.AN SSSR 137
no.6.1413-1415 AP 161. (MIRA 14:4)
1. Moskovskiy goisudarstvennyy universitet Ameni M.V.Lomonosova.
Predstavleno akademikom P.A.Rebinderom.
(mercury) (Zinc)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION
s ov, 16 2 4
Likhtman, Vladimir Iosifovich,' Yevgeniy Dmitriyev'.c
Pe'.-'r Aleksandrovich Rebinder-
FIz-1-11--o-Ichimicheskaya mekhanika metallov; adsorbtsionnyye yavleniya
protsessakh deformatsii i razrusheniya metallov (Physicochemi-
Mechanics of Metals; Adsorption Phenomena in Processes of
Deformation and Fracture). Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962.i.
302 p. Errata slip inserted. 7000 copies printed.
Sporl.--,oring Agency: Alcademiya nauk SSSR. Institut fizicheskoy
kft-.I'mii.
Res--). Ed.: P. A. Rebinder, Academician; Ed.: N. G. Yegorov; Tech.
Wl.s.: L. V. Yepifanova and Yu. V. Rylina.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for scientific research workers and
eng-ineers concerned with problems in the physicochemical mechanics
of metals.
Car-! 1/7

Fir-j.-!.i~ochemIcal Mechanics (Cont.) s o v/6 2 ViT
-he results of investigations of the ad-
The book reviews U
~..-'-rption effect, whichin its various manifestations, leads to F.
and facilitation of metal deformation.
in metal strengu
general effect comprises the effects of several physico-
.-emical factors affecting the mechanical properties of strained
bodies; In the opinion of the authors, it deserves the alple.-
!~-'ai attention of resear-3hers and production engineers, since a
wledge of it will enable them to control the processes of
deformation and fracture of metal and, consequently, to
:-.,---i'rol the treatment of solids and particularly of metals. TEne
,.0-1ole complex of peculiar physicochemical phenomena which de-
.--Y,ease strength through adsorption clearly reveals the effect. of
.zarface energy and its changes on the behavior of the strained
,~,.)Iid body, which as a rule possesses various structural defe,--ts.
authors express their thanks to Academician V. I. Spitsin of
try, Academy of Sciences USSR,;
Institute of Physical Chemisu
well as to Candidates of Chenftcal Sciences N. V. Smirnova,
Mq. Zakiyeva, and to Enginse.- Z. M. ZanozIna for theil, cooper-e-
'-.1on and assistance. There are 295 references, mostly Soviet.
2/7

j/170/ /62/005/a07/005/010
133 1 DO 112
on of metals ~lo-_,; Cra ns z:nd Frain boundaries
of hi,-:hl,,r adsorptizn-4ctive metallic meits
1)62, 86-)o
zhurnal, v. 5, no. 7,
o n -ie destruction of polycrystalline
2.
t-,f zinc, c.. _-n i tin in the precence of Ca'liur. atil mercury,
L
a~ 'lie Institute of Phyaical Chemistry
-a:' -.ic -in
'eb-: are re~)or'e.'-
r e C i n of Ac. e7 Ti - -,der,
icu, lar %t io _)ai i to the dlevelonment of transverse cracks in
-~,-`ch io not occur in t';-.e a Iusence of adsorotion-active metals.
_'_e lecre~:_-e in _-ti-enL-j'.i ic due no'. to intercrystalline corrosion but to
lecrease in -,'.ie :;urface enerCj of the metals. There are 2 figures.
-3 -2 nstftut fizicheskoy khimii A:11 SS3_H, :.-.oskva
'Instit-.te of I'l-lysical Chemistry AS USSR, Moscow)
t
7.7TED Oc~ober 14, 1961
VI

~_:/.L 226/6 21/0 j 4100510081() 15
i-1 9 -i/ -~-i ~i-,
AHTHOP:~:: I mill. I I.D., 4"orvilnov. Y1 I. V. , P-r-rt.-;ov, N.V. , I rat-71,-irl,v.yu.
:1110 -11chilliln, Ye.0.
T .'rofwagat i.km o I c va c 1~ ~z i n z L n cp] ot r.-s deformed in the
prescitc- ol* in isolated molten drop at' .1 surf'ace-active
w. 0 t a 1,
PERIODfCAL: ViZLkJl 1110Lill 10V I 111Pta1_1OVedOlliye, V. 111, no.
Ht)~'-, 757 - 705
I it cont. Lnuit ion Ot- Pir I ier work ( B. D. c~:umm et al D.tN
S R , L t.) 6.1 ,L * i 0 , I -~ 1) t. I t epre.-ictl(. author.-; studied the ef'f'ect of'
locally appliod drops of' ::iolten mercury and gallium on tile resis-
tance oC zinc tO 1'ricture. Chn experiments vith mercury werv
conducted at room temper.)Lure- on Lechnical grade, 98.7~/- piire,zinc
specullells, 0.6 .0 1:11-,l thick ond it[) to 50 cin v.-ide. --~peclmells of'
this tv'De 9~rippcd at une end ~n thr, horizontal position, could he
. 1 0
bent through 90 without l'ormaLitin ol' visible cracks, in tile absence
I
of a surf-act-;ictive --mhstanco. LF, however, a drop (0.21 - 10 iag)
at- Illorcill-y 1,~jls pj~%ced oil tAlp upper slirl'aCe of' tllv Lest piece in
its ccntral title, 13~ - `;Omm 1'rom the t'ixed end, a crack was formed
Card 1/4

11ropagation o1 cc,-ick~m5 .... 9 3/ E3 6
I
beneath the mer~:i;vy drop when the bendin,-, moment .1;eached .1 vaLue
pro (I uc i:ng a cwi I- a n L t en~z i 1, e ~- t t- es of' 17 - 0 kg/min_ (in tho ibsence
Of nl(11*CL1l*V thi~~ stro- i;zis lmrolv suflicient to cause a slight
pLastic straill ') 'I'll(- ccack absorbed aLl tile liquid mercurv in a
1'r,lCtiOll 01' ol ';PCOnd ~11111 CC)1lt LTlU(!d to increase at a r)rogrer-sively
diminishing r.it n ill Liir, d i=r-ection. normal to the tensi Le stre ~4s
its' -lerlgth 1, ill Lhe C.-I~c- oF a 4o mg rnercury drop) aCter I atia
240 sec bein,_ , ro~nect i ,-rl v. I L_* a rid 12 0 mal . Depending oil tile
it] 11 S S 171 01' Lhe 11-0p, til(! til[10 t required 1'or the crack
To reacli its i,inIL leligrLil from 15 min (Cor larger drops)
to _-;e-ver-al klav.,; ki .or- !~m;ILI (Arops). increasing .171 and
d ec r eas ing L It i c 1,.n c.-i --; d oi tile st~ccimen, 11 cl--cled; T: Ii e
variation i-Ti c c) t i I d 'u e Lf es c r I b ed b v L ~ m -) at a constant
d ..ccordillk, The ')-(,~;er-lt -lutilors tile Magnitude of' L was
determined bv L~,o (~otjtjg pr-oc(",ise,~; a Spreading of tile
inercury dvop ()it Lhe ol' Lite Ct-aCk Croill tile 110illt Of-
cation toward- Lhic. ends; o1' the crack and b) I)elletration of tile
nif-l-C111-Y illtkl thO VWL.1i thl-01.1,t-Al tile wal_f~q of' the crack. Equat ions
were. d orl.rcul (I (,-c h L~ v1-% t it e iiin(~t ic s o f t 11 es e proc 0_!~ S C~z - P. lin I N's i S
of' tile-se tiiat tile iatter process not (lite to
Card 2/11

llropagoi.i(m of craci,!4 ....
-I cc V I (-i-;i I. ed Vo I I I rn(! (I j V i,~)q ion .1.1 Olle I) UL was ;,. roiIl;ij It o I f: eve ra
p roc w i I I Ch i I I c I 116"'i t I)(' f'o I I w"! ill i oriji.-i t i oil and growt Ii o C a
tioLwork t)f till (- co c k s oii i t- %,r; 14 so V t h r- m;i i. ri c. ra c k
.9 p r ca r! i n !,, o I' m , r-c i i r N, i. ri L 11 (-.S te c I- a c k s1) Vt ii e lilec 11 ani .9111 C.) V b0 t 11
c a pil 1 ary f I ow ;i nd t wo -d i ill rn s i olia 1. ill igra t i on formation ol' two-
d im ens iona L (I e i cc L s on t. h c wa I I ~i r) I' t ii (-- ma in c rac Ic and s nr ead ing
o f morcu ry oil t h c~L, e d e I cc t ~; 1) V t il illec liall isill o F t wo-d im erls ioll a I
migra L. ion ; vo Lum e (I i ft LIS ion . I- t' I-) ending moment c ons id rrabl y
Lon.-or than the ml-nimum t-equired to trigger-off thor, Process oF
c i,ac k - I o rma t ion wa -~ a Im I i ed t o t 11 e. zinc ol a t e , mic roscop ic c rac lis
brancllin,g-o r C t h f, ma i ri c rack w cre formed ; as a resu I t, the final
len,gth oV the main crack decreased with increasing applied stress.
This effect was particularly noticeable in experiments conducted
a constant load ~,ls opposed to those conducted at a constant
tensile stresIl;. i'he experiments with gallium w-erc conducted at
35 - 36 'C. In this czi~4e, there was a time lag between the apoli-
C~Itioll of :Ald Col-illit,Lioll 01' ;1 crack in the zinc spocillien,
the tiiie decreasLii.,I: %---ith incre;ising stress. The rate at which
gallium Viii-f-i-I the crack i.-is relatively slow and tilt, rate of' growth
C~
sharpl- -r deci-oased Vroi,.i the moment at which the entire volume of' the
Card 'i/'/,

I Voo5/mA/0, 9
llropzl~,,;ILion of' cl- icl~s . . . . I- q 3 71 ~-,
gallium drop dr~t---;ri Croni the I)CCiIII41-11 Surface ii-11.0 tile Crack.
Cracks Pormed uiltlel- tills lCtioll ot' li(JUid gallium had a stronger
tendelICY LO branch of-C ~acl the relation.-ship between L and III W 11 s
described by L - - m; ".,7,) . !'iiese dit-Terences were attribut ed to tile v
f a c t t 11 a 1-1 t I i e ~; I I I t'a c c (,. -,I r, r g v o V z L n c I,, d ec r ea 5; ed In o r c 1) y ga I L i um
t ha n b v In ca I- c i I I- v I I d T I I ~ i 1L u i (i 2: ~i I L i i, In n c o n t ra q T- t o in (? rc I I r y -
did not on -i Cl,tr .-inc P71-cent bv the mechanism or
surl'ace dit'Ful-41-011. 0,~!)CCiri4~nts 0, - ;I Sit-nitar nature %vere
ZiISO COrIC1IICtf-(I 011 C-011111-MA. .(, wits obsnrved, in this
Case, i-.-i tile ~).,-(--nce w' li,!uid mercury. Crackin~~ of' cadmium in
cor.c.Ict viti,. lic;nid occurroft only at high loadin-7~ rates:
f-well then, a cr,-Ick wt~~-: I .oi-liled OnLy j.1, tile cadinium specimen had been
ill cont:Ict I%ritl-l I if:11i(i ~~;jj iii1jr, rot- cit It-ilst 2o mill bef'ore the
stress was .1pol.jed. Lherc! are -5 1'igtires.
ASSOCIATION: univorsitot in). -1.V.
~.,:Osccw ~-tnte Universitv in).
Loplonw::)v
5 U 11,11 LTT " 1) ~-c
Card

41338
S/02 0/62/146/003/016/019
B1 01 /B144
AUTHORS: Goryunov, Yu. V., Pertsov, N. V., Summ, B-. D., Shchukin,
Ye. D.
TITLE: Effect'of the microrelief on the rules governing the
propagation of liquid metal on a solid metal surface
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 146, no. 3, 1962, 638-641
TEXT: 'Jhen the propagation of mercury on a backing of crystalline zinc
freed from the oxide film by N.H was being studied, two types of propaga-
3
tion dependent on the microrelief were observed for the first time:
wetting and diffusion. These processes diffet essentially in their
mechanisms. On a smooth zinc surface the mercury forms as a drop with the
edee of contact 'L$ - 70. A dull -spot propagates from the periphery of the
drop, showing the time dependence r-tO-5 which is characteristic of
diffusion processes. The mass m of the drop does not affect the propaga-
tion velocity. For smooth zinc lamellas dipped obliquely into mercury,
this velocity does not depend on the angle of inclination. The rate of
'bard 1/3

S/020/62/146/003/ol6/oig
Effect of the microrelief B101/13144
diffusion increases with rising temperature owing to the temperature
dependence of the diffusion coefficient: Dprf -'exp(-U/kT), where
U - activation energy. On zinc surfaces roughened by etching with HNO 3
the mercury drop forms no constant edge of contact, and the spot
propagates by the movement of the liquid Hg layer. The rise of Hg on
rough surfaces depends on the angle of inclination of the surface and on
the mass of the drop. r - (6m6a/n-%6)1/4t i /f4=Atl/4 holds, which is in
good agreement with the experimentally determined dependence r rV t0-3.
A a - a32 - (512 - 631' where a121 (320 a 31 are the specific free surface
energies of the liquid at its interface with the medium, the solid at its
interface with the medium and the solid at its interface with the liquid,
respectively; TL - viscosity of Hg, 6 - density of Hg. If the smooth
surface has a groove in the form of an isosceles triangle with the
interior angle a, the fig will flow along the groove if ~< (180 - a)/2.
Examination of the profilograms of differently roughened surfaces confirmed
that wetting occurred instead of diffusion if arv1600. Conclusions: On
an ideally smooth surface, and under the action of surface tension alone,
a thin liquid layer will not spread as the migration of liquid.atoms
Card 2/3

S/02 621146100310161019
Effect of the microrelief ... B1 01 YB144
reducos tho surface enerey of the solid ahead of the propagation front.
If a surface has no microrelief, no wetting will occur. Similar studies
might be of value for analyzing th.e propagation of liquids on liquid
surfaces. There are 4 figures.
ASSOCIATION: l,Loskovskiy gosudars-tvennyy universitet im. It. V. Lomonosova
(moscow State University imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
PRESENTED: May 23, 19062, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: May 15, 1962
Card 3/3

)rE. D.
Disgert!,tion defenied for the A epree of Dortcr of Phygi~--,'-)mat'nerratical
Scip,ices at the Institute of Physical Gheiristny of 1962:
"Imrer-ti~7-tion of FLe--ulqrities and the Mechanism of the Effect of
A,lsort)tionnl-kctiv~ Ketr-l Melts on the IMechnnical Projerties of Solid-
metnlgz.ll
.es lig-145
T,st. Ak-',. Nnu!, SSSE. No. 4, Moscow, 1963, pq,-

s/o7o/63/008/001/011,/024
E139-/F,46o
AUTHORS: Shchukin Ye.D., Kochanova, L.A., Pertsov, A.V.
TITLN'. I'lie Comperature at which the transition from
brittleness to plasticity occurs when the strength is
Towered by absorption fiffects
)~ristallografiya, v.8. rto.1, 1963, 69-74
TE.\T; It was shown earlier that single crystals of Zn, coated
with a thin layer of 11g, show a brittle fracture
,
at roont temperature for very low strkiins becauae of the reduct on
in strength by the absorption offect. Without fig, brittle
fractiire oecurs only at low tentperatures, The brittleness is
rr-~Uited ito the stability of a crtick. Here, rods of Zn of
viirying puri~-y, 'with and without amalgamation, have been pulled at.
a constant rat-e of deformation (10%/min) at temperatures from
-200 to +2000C. The pl.asticity (limiting crystallographic slip)
and strength K = (pj.)~2 where p. is the critical normal
strai -n and -1--c the cr.1tical .5hear strain, are plotted against
temperaturr . Tt seems that the differences are connected with the
greater stroxigth of th(! pinning of' di-slocations in amalgamated
Card 1/2

S/07o/63/008/001/011/024
The tomp~~vatui-a at vfhich ... nw/e46o
crystals as a result rf the ab.,-;orption on to the dislocations of
-ItOMS Cf Ng. However, the iziattar is not simple and it may be that
lig only-fixes dt.-31ocaLions near gerowing cracks into which Hg atoms
penatratte from U10 'gurface, tlhe riffects In the bulk of the materI&I
beillf'r slllixlj SlrnUar phenomona bavo been observod with Zn
cx-y.-5tal-s co-ited with Ga lout an accompanying development of
plasticity did not take plac3. Uliere are 4 figures,
ASSCC-TATION: h?stit-,vt fizicheskoy khitnii AN SSSR
(In-.ititUtC Gf P11-:51.CV.1 Chemistry AS USSR)
S(jFImTq~rrL): '-'ebruary 1A, 1962
Cart! 2/2'

PERTSOV, A. V. ; PERTSOV, X. V. and SHCHUKIN, Ye. D.
"About the Spontaneous Inner Dispersion of Me tals 'Subjected to the Action
of Metal Fusions Considerable Lowering Surface Tension.0
report presented at the 3rd Conference of Higher'Educational Institutes on Strengtb
and Plasticity of Metals,, Petrozavodsk State University , 24-29 Jum 1963

GORYUNOV., Yu.V.; SUM, B.D.; SHCHUKIN, Ye.D.; REBINDER, P.A., akademik
Role of kinetic factors in the reduction of metal strength
by adsorption. Dokl. AN SSSR 153 no-3:634-637 N '63.
(MIRA 17:1)
1. Moskavskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. M.V. Lomonosova.

R~'-'13111DER, ?.A., akademik; SHCHUHN, Ye.D.; RARGOLIS, L. Ya.
Mecharical streng-.h of porous disperse bodies. Dokl. AN SSSR
154 no. 3:60,~.t-&;,8 Ja 164. (MIRA 17:5)
1. Institut fizicheskoy khim-ii AN SSSR i Institut khimiche3koy
fiziki AN SSSR.

i.
PEPISOV) A.V.; MIRKIPI, L.I.; Ft'r'T-"C)V, N,V.~ SHCHUKTN, Ye.D~
Spontaneous diSpers-Lon -xnder ccinditims of a 2txortg'~y reduced free inter-
pbase anargy. Dckl. AN' S&~R 158 no.5~1.166-11b8 0 '64.
(M,IRA 17ilO)
f urilvevaltHt Im. t/.l.'.LanonOqo-,,tL. Pre'd-
A. Moskovskly gDf;udar:31,/enriy-
stavic-no akademikor, P.A.Febinderim.

IA ems i-W-1 v- I' Lrl
the stability
d-ivpezvec. porous mc
atc-rivIg: ratulysts End scribents. Kin. i kat.
J,11-Ag 165o 18 - 9

L 62537-65
alp(c) /DIP (k)AWT (d)/-F-IT (M) /RIP (b) e
IFT Q'Pq
;ACCESSION NR: APS012647
AUTHOR: Shchukin, Ye. D.;,Kochanova, L. A.; Zanozina, Z. M.
~33
TITLE: The effect of microscopic surface flaws on the strength of Alass
Soma: riziko-khimicheskaya mekhanika materialovi v. 1, no. 2$ 1965, 127-133
TOPIC TAGS: glass, glass property, breaking strength, flaw detection
ABSTRACT:- The authors review previously published material on breaking of non-
crystalline materials, especially glass under loadin The effect of structural
9
Idefects in glass.is studied by cr eating artificial microscopic defectsIin the sur-
Iface layer', lowering the.resistance of the samples tested. Indentations were made
in the center of ~5x 25 mm samples 1.3-1.4 mm thick and the resista nee of thesam-7
ples was measured. When indentations are made at various distances from tfie centeri
the resistance of the sample grows with an increase in d1stance. The nature of dis_l
tortion is studied microscopically. Two methcds are described to~separate the ef-
I
4act of cracks and of the indentation itself from effects of residual deformation
and stresses. The use.of the simple method of Imposing artificial indentations can-
be ed to evaluate real defects in glass and help to determine equivalent charac-
Card 1/2

VM
!ACCESSION NR: AP5007560
S/002o/65/160/005/.1061/1064
'AUTHORS:' Shchukin, Ye. D.* Kochanova, L. A.; Zanozina, Z. M.
;TITLE: Some regularities in the influence of defects on the
:strength of glass
SOURCE. AN SSSR. Doklady., v. 160,.n6. 5, 1965; 1061-1064
;TOPIC TAGS: glass, glass flaws, glass strength

~ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to-obtain a quanti-
:tative description of the-effect of defects in the
structure of. glas 8
,
iby producing in its surface layer artificial microsco-ple derects
'
Icausing a decrease in the strength of the sample, thereby imitating
.
1real defects. Particular interest w .asattached to defects chara
!t
riz
d b
th
t
i
l
e
e
e concen
rat
on of residua
y
deformations and accordingly.
'by the stress concentration, so as to trace the influence.of such
'
;defects on the strength
of samples. The defects were produced by
prick-'Lng with a diamond indentor. Tests made on various sa les,
MP
i Card 113

L 58557-65 --- ----
ACCESSION NR: AP5007560
both accompanied and unaccompanied by annealing, and also.samples inj-,.
which no other flaws existed other than those producedartifically,
have shown that real defects existing in glass and determining its.
resi-vtance to failure are equivalent to indentations made artift
cially by a diamond, within a definite load interval. The results
make it possible therefore not only to estimati~ the effect of real
defects of the glass structure and express them in quantitative man-
ner, but also to investigate the role that local concentration of
strains and stresses can play in processes that lead to the failure
of glass. The results haveja ilearing on efforts made by others to
produce high-strength glass.0 .-'The,authors thank F. F. VitmanJLnd
V. I. Likbtman for valuable advice and G. V, Kurdyumov, Yu. A.
O_s1_pTy-a-n-,-V.- L. Indenbom, and V. I. - bbelyubskiy for participating
in a df-scussion of EE_eresults.r__'T5j!s-report was presented by P.
A. Rebinder. Original article has'.. 3 figures and 2 table s
ASSOCIATION: Otdel dispe'rsnykb. sistem Instituta fiziche6koy khimii
Akademii nauk SSSR (Division of Disperse Systems, Institute of
Physical Chemistry, Academy-, of Sciences SSSR)
2/3
Card

SUBMITTED: 18Sep64
NR REF SOV: 007
f -
f
1
. I
r ICard 3/3"