ISRAELI DEVELOPMENTS OF OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 15, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 1, 1969
• Content Type: IM

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Secret
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Memorandum
Israeli Development of Occupied Arab Territories
Secret
CIA/BGI GM 70-1
November 1969
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WARNING
'I'bis document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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 ISRAEL
International boundary
Armistice boundary
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Surfaced road
Israeli-occupied territory
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At Qunaytirah
447 MA
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Intelligence
November 1969
INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
Israeli Development of
Occupied Arab Territories
Introduction
Israeli settlers entered the occupied territo-
ries shortly after the conclusion of the June 1967
war, By November 1969, they had established 22
new settlements and had moved into the Arab towns
of East Jerusalem and Hebron, While most of the
settlements were founded to serve as military out-
posts, they have for some time now been assigned
such nonmilitary functions as the development of
agricultural and mineral resources and the pro-
motion of tourism. This memorandum briefly out-
lines the developmental activities presently under-
way in the occupied territories and assesses their
implications for longer term Israeli planning.
Note: This memorandum was produced solely by CIA.
It was prepared by the Office of. Basic and Geo-
graphic Intelligence and was coordinated with the
Offices of Current Intelligence, Economic Research,
and National. Estimates,
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Israeli Approach to Development
1. From its origin in the late 19th century,
the Zionist Movement has supported a philosophy
that calls for a return to the soil, This phil-
osophy, utilizing the special skills and social
ideas brought to Palestine by European and Amer-
ican immigrants, has resulted in Israeli develop-
ment of a variety of new rural settlements. In
the presently occupied Arab territories the Israe-
lis have established three of these settlement
types -- the nahal (paramilitary presettlement),
the kibbutz (commune), and the moshav (cooper-
ative) (see Annex I), Most are frontier settle-
ments in which much time is devoted to military
security. As the needs of the area permit, set-
tlement activity also gradually changes, with
settlers devoting more time to farming and, possi-
bly, less to security, Of the 22 settlements thus
far established in the Arab lands, eight are nahals,
nine are kibbutzim, four are moshavim, and one is
privately organized. Eleven of the new settlements
are on the Golan Heights, eight are on the West
Bank, and three are in the Sinai Peninsula,
2. Among the organizations cooperating in the
development of the occupied territories are the
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), which are responsible
for territorial administration, The Settlement
Department of the quasi-official Jewish Agency,
which raises funds throughout the world to support
immigrant absorption, settlement, and land recla-
mation, is responsible for planning and carrying
out all rural settlement in Israel, The Joint Ag-
ricultural Planning Centre (a joint institution of
the Jewish Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture),
the Hydrological Service in the Ministry of Agri-
culture, and the Ministry of Housing undertake
appropriate support tasks. Also operating through-
out the occupied areas is Tahal, an organization
that coordinates all efforts to develop and dis-
tribute water in Israel.
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3. At the present time many settlements situ-
ated in the occupied territories create an impres-
sion of impermanence,with military and civilian
personnel for the most part rotating out after 6
months to a year.. Living quarters are generally
inadequate or in short supply, the latter being the
case particularly in the Golan Heights, where some
of the sharpest winter weather in the occupied ter-
ritories is experienced, Some personnel are housed
in prefabricated buildings, and at. some settlements
buildings formerly occupied by the Arabs are still
in use. Many settlements are understaffed, with
shortages of agronomists and other technical per-
sonnel being a major ]problem..
4. The Israeli Government has not made formal
statements concerning the details of development
activity and policy, and the comments of individual
officials seem to represent: what. may be both per-
sonal preference and governmental. position, Avail-
able information is therefore fragmentary, and com-
parable coverage is not available for each of the
occupied areas. Analysis of material on hand,
however, does provide evidence of the status and
trends of development to date..
Golan Heights
5, A major development effort appears to be
underway in the Golan Heights, This effort in-
cludes the development of agriculture, the con-
struction of a highway network, the promotion of
tourism, and the establishment of 22 farm settle-
ments (400-600 persons each) and a. central city
of some 20,000 people. As of October 1969, 11 of
the settlements had been established and two more
had been authorized; the remainder are to be in
place in 3 to 5 years (see Annex ii and Map 2),
By May 1969 settlers were farming about half of
the 20,000 acres of land that have been approved
by Israeli planners for cultivation, and they were
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grazing stock on some 12,500 acres. Reportedly,
37,500 acres will ultimately be cultivated, and
150,000 acres will be devoted to grazing.
6. To date these -development; efforts have
been supported through expenditures by the Min-
istry of Housing of a reported $3,714,286 (IL
13,000,000). The Ministry has said that next
year it will request a budget of $ 4,857,142 to
$5,142,857 (IL 17,000,000 to 18,000,000)? The
Jewish Agency plans to invest another $ 7,142,857
(IL 25,000,000) in the fiscal year 1969-70. In
1968 a return of $1,714,285 (IL 6,000,000) was re-
ceived from the sale of agricultural products pro-
duced by Israeli farms on the Golan Heights,
7. The approximate 6,500 Syrian nationals
remaining in Israeli-occupied Syria are mostly
Druze living in the area around and north of Al
Qunaytirah, where some of them sell fruit to Is-
raeli wholesalers. Other Druze have taken labor-
ing jobs in Israel. Thus far the Ministry of
Agriculture has allocated $685,714 (IL 2,400,000)
for water projects in the Druze villages of
Buq?ata, Majdal Shams, Mas"adah, and Ayn Qunyah,
8. Lack of fresh water is the major hindrance
to the agricultural development of the Golan
Heights, which under Syrian control was primarily
an area of dry farming and grazing. Tahal is in-
vestigating the potential of lakes, springs,
streams, and underground water supplies through-
out the region, and a 1968 survey by the Jewish
Agency estimated that there are potentially 1.0
million cubic meters of water for irrigation
available per year, mostly in the north, Plans
call for water to be pumped from Lake Tiberias to
the lower slopes of the southern part of the Golan
Heights; upland areas here will not be irrigated
as they are designated for grazing and dry farming.
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9. Farming settlements in the north are pro-
vided irrigation water from surface catchment stor-
age dams. By 1970 they are expected to be receiv-
ing water via distribution lines emanating from
Birkat Ram, a 15 million-cubic-meter natural reser-
voir located in an extinct volcano. Two storage
dams have been erected, one with a reported 600,000-
cubic-meter capacity near Ein Ziwan and one with a
capacity of 300,000 cubic meters at Bab al Hawa,
3.5 miles northwest of Al Qunaytirah. The Bab al
Hawa dam, which presently retains 60,000 cubic
meters of water, is being enlarged at a cost of
$80,000 (IL 280,000) to retain 250,000 cubic
meters by 1970.
West Bank
10. Eight Israeli settlements have been estab-
lished on the West Bank, despite the presence of
600,000 to 650,000 Arab residents. Five of these
settlements are in the Jordan Valley, two are south
of Jerusalem, and one is in the former demilita-
rized zone west of Jerusalem (see Annex II and Map
3). In addition, a group of Israelis has settled
in Hebron, and several hundred others have moved
into East Jerusalem. The West Bank sector of the
Jordan Valley contains marginal agricultural land,
and estimates differ on the availability of poten-
tially cultivable acreage. Israeli proponents of
settlement claim some 87,000 acres; those opposed
estimate it to be less than 25,000,
11. Security is a primary concern on the West
Bank. Settlement activity in the thinly populated
Jordan Valley appears to reflect ideas expressed
in the "Allon Plan," which calls for a 10- to 15-
mile-wide "security zone" west of the Jordan River.
Control of this zone would be maintained by up to
20 settlements if the plan is fully implemented.
A new hardtopped road has now been completed par-
allel to the Jordan River for a distance of 56
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miles between Lake Tiberias and Nahal Kallia on
the Dead Sea, This road, referred to as the
"Jordan Valley Road" or the "Dayan Highway," is
part of a projected 250-mile road that is to
follow the Israel-Jordan cease-fire line from the
Yarmuk River to Elat on the Gulf of Aqaba? From
1967 to 1969 the Israelis spent about $ 7,194,857
(IL 25,182,000) on road improvement elsewhere on
the West. Bank.
The Gaza_Strip and Al 'Arish
12. Problems faced by '.Israel in the Gaza Strip
and the adjoining Al 'Arish area concern the admin-
istration of an economically depressed area where
the population, primarily refugee, exceeds 350,000,
Payments from UNRWA.have been the major source of
income for most people in the Gaza Strip; the local
nonrelief economy rests mainly on the export of
citrus fruit. An attempt is being made by Israel
to improve the production, grading, and packing of
export fruit in order to improve the acceptance of
Gaza products in Israeli markets, Programs have
also been initiated to improve the quality of graz-
ing animals, to increase the production of nuts
and dates, and to expand the fishing industry? In
July 1969 it was reported that allocations of
$2,285,714 (IL 8,000,000) had been made for the
development of textile and service industries. An
additional $ 5,685,629 (IL 19,900,000) has been
alloted for education, healthy food rations, and
agriculture in Gaza and northeastern Sinai,
13, Most of the 32,000 residents of the Al
'Arish area are living at a subsistence level, as
they have for many years. Oasis agriculture and
grazing are the primary occupations, In addition,
the sale of fish caught in the Mediterranean brings
money into the economy, and some income is derived
from the increasing tourist trade?
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Sinai
14. Except for the oilfields on the Gulf of
Suez and a few oases on the Mediterranean coast,
the Sinai Peninsula is an unpromising 23,000
square miles of sand and gravel plains and moun-
tains, Physical conditions severely limit agri-
cultural potential, and most of the 45,000 to
50,000 local Arabs, two-thirds of whom are in the
vicinity of Al ?Arish on the Mediterranean Coast,
exist at a subsistence level. Israeli develop-
ment here has been geared largely to security re-
quirements. The main projects involve new mili-
tary settlements, airfields, roads, and commu-
nication facilities. Of major importance also is
the Israeli exploitation of the oilfields on the
Gulf of Suez that were developed under Egyptian
sovereignty.
15. The potential of this vast area is being
investigated by Israeli scientists in an intensive
2-year study. Working out of base camps at Sharm
ash Shaykh and Abu Rudays, they have completed 1
year of fieldwork on the southern coasts and cen-
tral mountains and are now working between Sharm
ash Shaykh and Elata The study, conducted by both
military and civilian personnel, includes some 50
projects, among which are reportedly 17 in geology,
eight in medicine, seven in zoology, six in botany,
and five in geography. Details for the most part
have not been released; one major find appears to
be a large reservoir of underground water which,
however, will be expensive to develop.
16. To facilitate movement. throughout the area
a number of roads have been upgraded,. A new 125-
mile-long highway that will traverse the rugged
terrain between Elat and Sharm ash Sha.ykh is the
principal project. This three-lane blacktopped
road, now nearing completion, has been engineered
to US standards. A number of airfields have also
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been improved, and a major air facility has been
constructed at Sharm ash Shaykh. Commercial air
service is now available to Sharm ash Shaykh and
other points on the peninsula, and in December
1969 a tropospheric scatter radio communication
system is to go into operation between.Sharm ash
Shaykh and stations south of Tel Aviv and near
Mitspe Ramon in the central Negev, A new port
has been built at Ra's Muhammad, 8 miles south-
west of Sharm ash Shaykh,
17, Two nahals and a kibbutz have been estab-
lished on the Mediterranean coast of the Sinai
Peninsula and two more settlements have been au-
thorized, Five army camps are being completed in
central and western Sinai (see Map 4)o A US firm
is supplying 375 skid-mounted, prefabricated
buildings for these camps. They will provide
228,490 square feet of floorspace and quarters for
up to 5,000 persons. A factory is being set up
for construction of this type of prefabricated
building in Israel, which has agreed to purchase
324,000 square feet of construction material per
year for the next 5 years, A 6-inch,63-mile
waterline was laid in July 1968 from Al 'Arish to
the military sites at Bi'r Jifjafah and Bi'r Ath
Thamadah, where military airfields are in service.
18, Israel's most profitable economic venture
in the occupied Arab territories is the exploita-
tion of the oilfields on the Gulf of Suez,
During 1968 Israel lifted some 3,920,000 barrels
(560,000 tons) of crude oil from 16 offshore wells
in the Bala'im field, The Israelis plan to move
14 million barrels (2 million tons) to Elat in
1969, When the 42-inch Elat-Ashqelon pipeline is
completed in November 1969, it is anticipated that
the output of the Bala'im field will, be increased
from 43,000 to 95,000 barrels per day, Israel
plans to work in two other areas -- the eastern
Gulf of Suez, where reports indicate some 99 wells
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may be worked over for possible reactivation, and
the Al 'Arish area, where drilling is just begin-
ning.
19. Tourism is also being actively developed
in Sinai. Commercial tours have been operated
regularly for 2 years, and new facilities to at-
tract tourists are being added. A group of Amer-
ican businessmen, with the assistance of the Is-
raeli Government, is investing $1,285,714 (IL
4,500,000) in four tourist centers along the new
highway between Elat and Sharm ash Shaykh. Another
center is planned near Saint Catherine's Monastery
in south-central Sinai.. The center at Marsa al-At,
which is scheduled to be completed when the high-
way is opened, will consist of 40 to 50 air-con-
ditioned trailers, bungalows for two to six people,
and eating facilities. All structures in the cen-
ter will be on wheels or of portable construction.
A hydrofoil has been proposed to operate between
the tourist centers and Elat.
Conclusions
20. Israel's activity in the occupied terri-
tories reflects her strong concern for security
and her readiness for the eventuality of a
long-term occupation. Expenditures to date and
projected activity indicate a systematic but
flexible plan of development extending at least
3 to 5 years into the future. The nature of activ-
ity in western Sinai, for instance, indicates a
recognition that the occupation may be terminated
on short notice; Israeli development activities in
the Jordan Valley. and the Golan Heights,, and activ-
ities associated with Sharm ash Shaykh at the en-
trance to the Gulf of Aqaba, on the other hand,
give no such indication of impermanence.
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21. Israel clearly regards a strong presence
in the occupied territories as essential to a firm
negotiating position. At the same time, it recog-
nizes that selective exploitation and development
of the territories can generate income during the
stalemate. The overall pace of development sug-
gests that so long as there is no settlement of
Arab and Israeli differences, Israel's presence in
occupied territory will probably continue to grow,
22. Security aside, Israeli withdrawal from
the occupied territories at this time would not
result in substantial losses, After a few years
of continuing investment of time, money, and
effort, however, the potential costs incident to
a withdrawal might be more than the Israeli
Government would be willing to accept,
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ANNEX I - ISRAELI SETTLEMENT TYPES
NAHAL
The Nahal (Fighting Pioneer. Youth) Corps is a
special unit in the Israel Defense Forces that
seeks to blend military service and agricultural
training in either the establishment of new set-
tlements or the strengthening of those already
existing. The Nahalist's course of service varies
according to his or her status: combat-fit males
comprise about 65 percent of all. nahal.i.sts; non-
combat-fit males, 10 percent; and women, 25 percent,
All Nahalists spend an initial period in recruit
training, and they are then attached to training
settlements for further military and agricultural
instruction, During this period some nahalists
may also spend time in an industrial arts course,
such as carpentry or mechanics, in preparation for
the final period of their service. After the com-
pletion of training, women are attached to a border
settlement for an unpaid service period, Noncombat-
fit males take a refresher military course and then
serve at a border settlement., Combat-fit males
take advanced military training, usually in a para-
troop unit, and then they are attached to a border
settlement.
A Nahal settlement (He'achsuth), a unique type
of settlement developed within the Nahal Corps,
may be the location for the nahali.sts' infantry
training and agricultural service. He'achsuth,
meaning "foothold," signifies that a settlement
which may have been set up at a particular point
because of defense needs or for the sake of ex-
ploring cultivation possibilities in a new area is
in an experimental stage, This kind of settlement
is a joint venture of Nahal, which provides the
personnel and organization for defense, and the
Settlement Department of the Jewish Agency, which
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provides agricultural planning and supervision.
When security requirements decrease, such settle-
ments may be converted to a normal. kibbutz or
moshav.
KIBBUTZ
A kibbutz is a communal settlement in which it
is customary for the land to be owned by the State;
everything else is collectively owned by all mem-
bers. The fundamental principle of the kibbutz is
that "every member gives to the community to the
best of his abilities and receives from it accord-
ing to his needs." All needs of the members are
fully met by the community, and in theory there is
no need for money to circulate within the kibbutz.
Each couple occupies a private room or flat, but
children live in special "'children's houses."
MOSHAV
A moshav is a smallholders' community in which
each settler works his separate piece of land,
lives in his own household, and draws his income
from the produce of his land, However, an indi-
vidual's independence is limited by the four basic
principles of moshav life, 1) each member receives
an area of land not larger than his family can
work; 2) the settler may take on hired labor only
with the consent of the moshav authorities; 3) all
members of the moshav are obliged to help their
neighbors in case of emergency; and 4) all members
of the moshav market their produce and purchase
all of their necessities jointly.
Kibbutzim and moshavim are grouped by polit-
ical party association. There are six kibbutz
groupings: Ihud Kibbutz - Mapai Party; Me'uhad
Kibbutz - Ahdut Haavoda Party; Hashomer Hatzair
Kibbutz - Mapam Party; Hapo'el Hamizrahi Kibbutz -
National Religious Party; Ha'oved Hazioni Kibbutz
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- Liberal Party; and Po'aley Agudat Israel Kibbutz
- Agudat Israel Party. There are five moshav group-
ings: Tenu'at Moshav - Mapai Party; Igud Hapo'el
Hamizrahi Moshav - National Religious Party;
Hamo'atsa Hahagla'it - Liberal Party; Ha'oved
Hazioni - Liberal Party; and Po'aley Agudat Israel
- Agudat Israel Party,
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ANNEX II - DATA ON INDIVIDUAL SETTLEMENTS
GOLAN HEIGHTS (See Map 2)
EIN ZIWAN (33?06'N 35?49'E) is located on the
slopes of Tel Abu Nida, 1.2 to 1.8 miles southwest
of Al Qunaytirah and 3 miles west of the cease-fire
line. A Meuhad Kibbutz, it had 90 members in July
1968. By early 1969, however, there had been some
turnover, and the present membership is uncertain.
The settlers raise sheep and plan to plant apple
and pistachio trees, but lack of water hampers ag-
ricultural development. An important activity in
the settlement is the trimming and packaging of
plastic sandals produced at a kibbutz in Israel
proper.
.EL AL (32?50'N 35?47'E) is a moshav located
2.5 to 3 miles north of the cease-fire line near
the village of Al Al. In March 1968 it consisted
of nine buildings within a barbed wire enclosure.
At that time security, under contract to the IDF,
was the main activity. Farming may now be impor-
tant as this was a primary wheat-growing area
under the Syrians.
EL HAMMA (32?41'N 35'40'E), a religious kib-
butz, is located in or near Al Himmah, an Israeli
town inaccessible to the general public from 1951
until 1967 because of its location in the Demil-
itarized Zone between Syria and Jordan, The hot
mineral springs of Al Himmah have been famous
since Roman times. In early 1969 new gardens, a
bathhouse for 200 patients, piping, catering facil-
ities, refreshment bar, restaurant-discotheque, and
roads were completed, but authorities insist on
considerable security precautions before allowing
the public into the area,
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GESHUR (32?57'N 35?53?E) is a nahal located
near the town of Ar Rafid on the Al. Qunaytirah-
Al Himmah road about :L,6 miles west of the cease-
fire line. It occupies the buildings of a former
Syrian service corps camp, The settlers, members
of the Hashomer Hatzair Kibbutz Movement, have
considerable security duty, work in nearby aban-
doned fruit groves, and raise poultry, By April
1968, living quarters, including a. dining hall and
clinic, had been put up, and water and electricity
were available,
KIBBUTZ GOLAN (33"07"N 35?49-,E),the first
settlement on the Golan Heights, was first estab-
lished outside of the Syrian city of. Al Qunaytirah
and later moved to the northwest edge of town,
where it has taken over nearby Syrian homes and
built some buildings of its own.. In March 1969,
the settlement had 1,750 acres of field crops and
37.5 acres of vegetables. The kibbutz grazes 700
head of cattle, most of which formerly belonged to
the Syrians, on a reported 6,250 acres, The set-
tlers are planting vegetables and orchards, which
they hope will supply produce that is imported by
Israel at present. In March 1968 there were 1.1.0
members in this kibbutz, which has rapidly become
a popular tourist center with a hotel, cafeteria,
mechanical repair shop,and guide service, In
early 1968 the kibbutz had a contract with the IDF
to construct concrete bunkers along the Israel-
Syrian cease-fire line near Al Qunaytirah.,
NAHAL GOLAN (32?4"7'N 35?46'E), in. August 1968,
consisted of 20 concrete buildings erected around
five former homes of Syrian officers. It is lo-
cated outside of the town of Jibbin, about 1.5
miles from the cease-fire line, The nahal culti-
vates 750 acres of field crops and 12.5 acres of
vegetables, mostly onions. The settlers also raise
cattle and chickens,
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MEVO HAMAH (32?45'N 35?40'E) is an Ihud Kib-
butz located about 2.5 miles east of Lake Tiberias
and 1,500 feet above it. Because of the height,
the settlement has acute water problems. In March
1969, the kibbutz cultivated 3705 acres of vege-
tables. Within the year they hope to increase the
area in vegetables to 95 acres and to have an
avocado plantation and cattle herd,
RAMAT MAGSHIMIM (32?46'N 35?42'E),located in
the deserted Syrian town of Fiq, 305 miles east
of Lake Tiberias, is a religious moshav that had
30 settlers in July 1968. In March 1969 the set-
tlers were living in a former Syrian schoolhouse
and were working nearby onion fields. The settle-
ment also has 12.5 acres planted in tomatoes. Both
crops are exported.
RAMAT SHALOM (33?16'N 35?44'E), located in
the abandoned Syrian village of Jubbata az Zayt,
3 miles northeast of Baniyas, was begun in April
1969. Local Druze are serving as guards for this
ski resort community which, although planned as a
private enterprise, is currently receiving Israeli
Government assistance. There are plans for a
60-room hotel, a dude ranch, and an outdoor barbe-
cue restaurant. In early May the settlers, dis-
satisfied with Ministry of Housing inaction, moved
into tents at the site and were working a 65-acre
orchard.
SNIR (33?14'N 35?41'E) is a kibbutz settled
in September 1967 near the former Syrian town of
Baniyas in the northern Jordan Valley. In Novem-
ber 1967 the nahal planted 150 acres of wheat and
was making plans for beekeeping, raising cattle and
poultry, and the possible establishment of a citrus
orchard. By July 1969 they had 300 acres fit for
cultivation. The settlers, some of whom are members
of the Hashomer Hatzair Kibbutz Movement, were liv-
ing in 20 prefabricated buildings with running water,
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 Approved JOR6eQ a 2002/10/31: CIA-RDP,?-60626#600100610001-8
ISA
JERUSALEM ADMINISTRATION
U. N. Armistice Line (April 1949)
Municipal boundary, 1947
Mt. Scopus-Israeli delineation line
Mt. Scopus-Jordanian delineation line
Built-up area
AFTER HOSTILITIES
Israeli-administered municipal area (28 June 1967)
Israeli-expropriated land
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 Feet
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 Meters
ApprgXgff ,1r tq p~g002/10/31 : pj&,P~$ s00825R000100610001-8
 Approved For Release 2002/10/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8
and telephone links. were established with neigh-
boring Israeli settlements in November 1967. In
late July 1969 an irrigation pumping station was
completed near the settlement.
YORAV.(32?48'N 35?41'E) is,a moshav estab-
lished 3 miles east of Lake Tiberias in the Syrian
town of Suqufiyah in 1968. In March 1969 the set-
tlement had 750 acres of field crops and pasturage,
1705 acres of vegetables, 600 Merino sheep, and a
turkey coop with 3,000 turkey poults. The settlers
propose to double these figures within the year.
WEST BANK (See Map 3)
ARGAMAN (32?10'N 35?33'E), a nahal located
less than 1 mile west of the Jordan River and
about halfway between Lake Tiberias and the Dead
Sea, was formally inaugurated on 6 May 1969. Jew-
ish Agency investment this year amounts to US
$ 285,714 (IL 1,000,000), The settlement has been
allotted 1,250 acres, primarily for intensive farm-
ing of fall and winter vegetables. Five existing
wells will provide sufficient water for develop-
ment. Argaman will eventually become a moshav set-
tlement,
EAST JERUSALEM (31?47'N 35014'E) is, in the
Israeli view, an integral part of Jerusalvpm, the
capital city of Israel (see Map 1). The city lim-
its have been expanded to include Jerusalem air-
port, and plans are underway to transfer govern-
ment ministries to East Jerusalem. Several hun-
dred Israelis are now living in former East Jerusa-
lem, particularly in the Mt. Scopus area. The
Prime Minister's Bureau for Populating East Jerusa-
lem has approved plans for the reconstruction of
the Jewish quarter in the Old City, including
homes for`600 families and accommodations for 800
Yeshiva students, In August 1969, there were about
160 Israelis, mostly Yeshiva students, in the Old
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City. The Bureau also has plans to construct 10,000
housing units in East Jerusalem during the period
1968-72. These units will provide housing for
40,000 additional inhabitants: 10,000 Arabs;
10,000 government: employees who will transfer to
East Jerusalem; 10,000 new immigrants; and 10,000
others deriving from natural increase among the
Arabs of East Jerusalem.
Preparations are underway for the construction
of 2,200 dwellings in the Ammunition Hill area;
3,000 units in the French Hill area; and an un-
determined number in the Sur Bahi.r area of south-
ern Jerusalem. French Hill and Ammunition Hill are
part of the 832-acre area the Israelis requisition-
ed on 8 January 1968 (see Map 1). The Israeli Gov-
ernment has also expropriated land in the Newe
Ya'agov area of northeastern Jerusalem, reportedly
for "public purposes."
HAGILGAL (32?01'N' 35?27'E) is a nahal being
established (November 1969) in the vicinity of Auja,
a rich farming area 6.5 miles north of Jericho in
the Jordan Valley. The settlement will affiliate
with the Meuhad Kibbutz Movement.
HEBRON (31?32'N 35"07'E). About 1 August 1968
an unauthorized group of 1'sraeli.s moved into Hebron,
and on 8 August they were to have been expelled by
the Military Government, as private Israeli settle-
ment on the West Bank is prohibited. The settlers
refused to leave, however, and on 12 May 1969, they
were moved into permanent housing next to the Mili-
tary Government compound. The group has two build-
ings with apartments, a Yeshivah (religious school),
and various public institutions including a clinic.
The group now numbers some 1.00 to 150,
KALLIA (~1045'N 35`307E), a nahal located at
the northwest edge of the Dead Sea, comprises
about 30 buildings that were formerly a part of a
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Jordanian army installation. Security is the pri-
mary activity of the settlers and because so much
time is devoted to it, agricultural development has
been slow. Lack of fresh water is a major problem.
At present drinking water is supplied by tanker
vehicles from Jericho, and irrigation water is
brought in via a 1.9-mile pipeline from an Arab-
owned pumphouse near the intersection of the Dead
Sea and Jericho to Jerusalem roads. An estimated
3,200 cubic meters of water will be needed to leach
salts from each acre of land. Despite the water
problem, tomatoes were planted in February 1969 on
what is to become a 12.5-acre market garden that
will also grow melons, watermelons, and sweet corn.
The nahal has an additional 750 acres of potentially
cultivable land, on which it is planned to grow
crops for the high-priced winter market and espe-
cially for air export to Europe. The settlements
and the nearby Dead Sea resort are popular tourist
stops.
KFAR ETZION and ROSH TZURIM (31?38'N 35?07'E)
are kibbutzim located about halfway between Beth-
lehem and Hebron on the site of older Jewish set-
tlements destroyed in 1948. At least one of the
settlements, Rosh Tzurim, was established by mem-
bers of the Hapo'e.l Hamizrahi Movement. Many of
the present inhabitants are children of the former
Jewish settlers who owned 2,000 acres in the area.
Soon after the first settlement was established in
September 1967, the settlers were tending sheep and
poultry and working in forests planted by the Jor-
danians. US $71,429 (IL 250,000) were allocated
for a restaurant-cafeteria and 10 acres were set
aside for a tourist project. A decorative candle
factory has been completed and a metal working
plant has been projected. During 1968 the settlers
exported 40,000 hothouse carnations. In 1969 they
expect to market 200 tons of turkey meat and to
raise 250 Merino sheep. During the 1968-69 fiscal
year US $571,429 (IL 2,000,000) were invested in
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the settlements, which have a 1969-70 budget of US
$1,428,571 (IL 5,000,000). The Israelis anticipate
that a 8.4-mile asphalt road, built between Etzion
and Newe Mikhael (just immediately west of the 1949
Armistice Line), will make the reclamation of more
land for settlement easier. The Israelis have
plans for a third kibbutz to be settled soon. In
October 1969 construction of an urban center at
Etzion for a population of 2,500 began. This town
will provide services for the settlements of the
area.
MASUA (32?05'N 35?30'E) is a nahal being es-
tablished (November 1969) in the Jordan Valley in
the vicinity of the Damiya Bridge by members of the
Bnai-Akiva (orthodox) religious kibbutzim.
MEHOLA (32?22'N 35?32'E), a moshav located in
the Beisan Valley 1.9 miles south of the 1949 Armi-
stice Line and about 1.5 miles west of the Jordan
River, has been allotted 1,750 acres of land for
the cultivation of grain, sunflower seeds, vege-
tables, and other cash crops. A well dug by the
settlers supplies 100 cubic meters of water an hour.
The settlers, who moved into prefabricated homes in
November 1968, are part of the religious :moshav
movement, and Mehola became a "civilian" settlement
in November 1968.
MODI'IN (31?50'N 34?50'E), located in the De-
militarized Zone near the site of the demolished
Arab village of Bayt Nuba, was established in Octo-
ber 1969 by members of Kibbutz Modi'in, a Po'aley
Agudat Israel Kibbutz some 5 miles to the north.
The new Modi'in may be renamed "Mevo Horon." The
Settlement Department of the Jewish Agency has
plans for distributing some 1,750 acres of land in
the former Demilitarized Zone near Modi'in among
nine settlements in the area. The new Modi'in has
some 750, of these acres. Prior to 1948 some of
this land was owned by the kibbutz.
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SINAI (See Map 4)
DAKLIM (31?14'N 34?08'E), a nahal established
in May 1969 by elements of the Bnai-Akiva (orthodox)
religious kibbutzim, is located on the north side
of the Rafah-Al 'Arish road 7.5 miles west of Rafah,
at the site of a former Egyptian desert development
company. The settlers, who were living in six pre-
fabricated buildings in June 1.969, are installing
an irrigation network, plan to grow vegetables, and
will engage in agricultural experiments on the 500
acres they have claimed.
SINAI (31?08'N 33?48'E) is a nahal located
near Al 'Arish. In January 1968 it had 30 to 50
settlers, who work 250 acres of olive and citrus
groves planted by the Egyptian Government. The
Jewish Agency provides irrigation facilities for
50 acres planted to late winter vegetables and for
land that is allocated for the development of
various vegetables suited to the local soil and
climate.
YAM (32?02'N 33?08'E) is a kibbutz located on
Lake Bardawil about halfway between the Suez
Canal and the Gaza Strip, at a site previously
occupied by an Egyptian fishing company, Shortly
after being established, the settlement's daily
catch was sufficiently large to provide for local
consumption and for the marketing of US $ 29 (IL
100) worth of fish per day in Al 'Arish, The
catch has since increased and it is now also mar-
keted in Ashqelon and Tel Aviv. The kibbutz has
its own refrigerators and ice-crushing equipment.
A seafood restaurant has been built.
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 Approved For Release 2002/10/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8
Soon after it was established the settlement had
a population of 80 to LOU, :which was to be rotated
yearly. Most of the inhabitants are Israeli mili-
tary personnel, but there are a few civilians af-
filiated with the Me'uhad Kibbutz Movement. In
April 1969 Yam became partially "civilianized" in
order to qualify for funds from the Jewish Agency.
The settlement has about a dozen prefabricated
buildings and a screened-off communications area.
Water is piped in some 35 miles from Al 'Arish.
Surveys of the area indicate the presence of good
soil but a lack of fresh water for irrigation.
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 Approved For Release 2002/10/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8
wig
Figure 3. Jordan Valley north of Jericho.
Top left is Israeli-occupied West Bank;
bottom right is Jordan. Nahal Hagilgal
is probably located in upper center.
August 1957.
Figure 4. Terrain along the Jericho-
Jerusalem road. June 1957.
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rlinw
Figure 5. Casino of the Dead Sea
Hotel, View is west across north-
ern end of Dead Sea to the former
Jordanian Army Camp, now the site
of Nahal Kallia. In background is
the almost unbroken escarpment of
the Jordan Rift Valley. May 1959.
Figure 6. Road across northern Sinai, near Kibbutz Yam.
22 January 1968.
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f
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Figure 7. Kibbutz Yarn, northern Sinai, shortly after
being established. 6 November 1967.
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Figure 8. Prefabricated buildings at Kibbutz Yam,
northern Sinai. 22 January 1968,
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Figure 9. Kibbutz Yam boat slip. Looking north towards
Lake Bardawil. 21 September 1967.
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Figure 10. Earthmoving operation on highway from
Elat to Sharm ash Shaykh. 10 June 1969.
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 SYRIA
GOLAN HEIGHTS
A Israeli settlement
-?-- International boundary
-- Armistice line, 1949
? ? ? ? ?
Israeli cease-fire line
? ? ? ? ?
Syrian cease-fire line
0
4
8 Miles
Shaba,
0
4
8 Kilometers
Metul of
.
r`
fy s ?Gnr ?
Dan' )
Qiryat ni asadh
IS It
LEBANON Buq'ata
ISR
El AlA
NahalA,
Fi Golan
/ A Ramat
Magshimim I
rMevo Hamah
DemiR:artzed~ .
Zone)
Mt. Hermon
9232(
80UNOAPY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
Majdal
De m ilito n lubbatfi Shims
(m>ed 8Z Zayt
Ramat
Shalom
'
yn nunyah
a
Kibbutz Golan? I Qunaytirah
A
Ein wan
S Y RI'.A
Al
r
Saassa
 JORDAN
WEST BANK
A Israeli settlement
-- Armistice line, 1949
and 1950
Jerusalem municipal
boundary
? ? ? ? ? ? Israeli cease-fire line
? ? ? ? ? ? Syrian cease-fire line
0 5 10 Miles
005 10 Kilometers
GAZA STRIP STRIP---Aid
Bethlehem
ROUNOARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHC$ITATIVE
(Demilitarized
Zone) /
Tiberias
I S R A E I. tf F
(Demilitarized
Nazareth Zone)
(Israeli occupied Territory) Argaman
Mas-a A'
DamiYr
Bridgk/
JORD'`A
R
_/lllenby (Husain),- -
Jerlcha. Bridge
Prince Abdullah
Bridge
Jarash
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Approved For Release 2002/10/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8
 Approved For Release 2002/10/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8
Secret
Secret
Approved For Release 2002/10/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100610001-8