SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KHOLODNOV, N. - KHOLODOV, A. I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000722210016-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 97
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2001
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

*4-. 13DID "Amia-Z
Simplifying the caIculation of cOGt Is sausage production. Mian-lad-Sm
27 no-3:36-37 156. (MlaA 9:9)
i.Mookovokly takhmologlchookly Institut my"moy I molochnor promyshlonnesti.
(Sausages) (Keat isdustry-Acc*uatiag)

Organizational and technical plan to an importatnt part of the
production plan. Ntas.Ind.3M 27 no.6:4o-4i 156. (WJA 10:2)
1. 1(oskovskly tekbnologichashy institut wjsenoy I molochnoy
proWshlennosti.
(Heat industry)

GRUK, M.; XHOLODMV, N-
Operational supervision of the fulfillment of scheduled production
Costs..Xias. ind..BSSR. 30 no.4:32-33 '59. (EPA 12:12)
lJoningradekly wyasokowbinat (for Gruk). 2.Moskovskly tekhnologi-
chaskly Institut myssnoy promrshlonnosti (for Xholodnov).
(Neat Industry-Costs)
--h .

KHOLODITOV) H.
Estabiishing the production capacity of sausage shops.
Mias. ind. SSSR 32 no.1:42-44 t61. (MIRA 14:7)
1. Maskovskiy tekhnologicheskiy institut myasnoy i molochnoy
promyshlennootio (sausages)

KHQLJMNOVI-X.l
Need for a reorganization of the cattle price systems. Ydas.ind.
SSSR 33 no.2:33-36 162. (MM 15:5)
I* Nbskovskly tekhmlogicheakiy institut symmy i molochnoy
promphlennosti.
(Beef cattle-Prices)

YE V KHOLODN
"Development of the Design and Technology of Manufacture of Drawing
Dies fvrn Mics. for the Otwpose of Unifying Them" from Annotations of Works
Comnleted in 1955 at the State Uhion Scl. Res. bist: Min. of Radio Engineerin,
So: B-3,OqO,064

PH&SE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/5289
Akadomlya nauk SSSR. Teentralinnya nauchno-IssledoVat0l'Okaya
laboratoriya elektricheakoy obrabot" materialov.
Elektrolskrovaya obrabotka metallov (Electric-Spark Machining of'
Metals) no. 2 Moscow, Izd-vo Ail ssn, ig6o. 2,62 p. Errata
alip Inserted: (Scries: Its; Trudy) 6,OOD copies printed.
Sponsoring AZency~ Akademlya nauk SSSR.
Reap. Ed.: B. R. lazzarenko; Ed. of Publishing House: S. M. Koyzhe3,
Tech. Ed.; A. P. Qu3eva.
PURPOSE: This collection of articles Is intended for process engl-
nears, and technical and research personnel enrACed In the work-
Ing or metals.
0OVERAGE: Problems concerning the =5t effective application of
electric-spark methods In Industry are reviewed. Possible
future developments In the field of electrIc-spark machining
and Its automation are discussed, amd, for Instances of Its
present utilization In Industry, the technical-economic effec-
tiveneas of the process Is examined, and the equJ, pment involved
is described. The relationship between the parameters or
electric-spark pulses snd the production characteristics (pro-
ductivity, machining accuracy, and surface quality) or electric-
spark machining 15 established. An electric-aparic method to
advanced for the curvilinear cutting or materials with a 20 to
30 mlcron-thlek wire, thus directly producing a finished part.
Von-Soviet developments in the field of' electric-spark machin-
ing am also treated. So personalities am mentioned. There
are 121 references, 82 Soviet, 20 English, 10 French, 8 German,
and 1 Italian. These references accompany Individual articlea.
.ZolqjtXkhj',B. N., and 1. P. Karobova. Selecting Optisnum
Aegimas r Electric -SjZAC Machining of 3intered-CarbIde
Alloys 114
Chetvarikov, S. B., and N. K. Foteyev. Electric-Spark Ka-
_EKrninj'or'tfie --dut tins Elements of High -Carbon-klloy BlankIng
Punch-Die Sets 120
Gularyan, K. K. The Electric-Spark Method Applied to Threading 142
. Y V. Manufacture of Precision Tools by the
Kholodnov, 6.
_-2rf1t1Te--Jr2?X-Kcthod 156
.Oularyan, K. K.;,aand V. L. Kravehenko. ftnufactmrs of
Co=plax-Shaped chl7fieFPaiti-by Vaing a Proeram-Cont rolled
Zlectrlo-Spaek Machining Unit 179
Alekoandrov, V. P., and B. N. Zolotykh. Selecting the
'Optimum-Procedureo for Ele6tric-Spark Machining or Nickel-
Base Heat-803LBt&nt )Lll*ya 196
Oorbunov, B. M. Electric-Spark lapping Used on Flour-Mill
FL6115 205
_-Pron1ko, 0. F. Manufacture of Stainless and Hlglh-Kanganeee
Steel Partii_by the Elcetric-Spark Method 217
Ayzen3htok, V. L., and S. 1. Komanar. Electrllc-Spark Mark-
-1A9 of Masa-Produced PirCi - -- 227
Levinson, Ye. M. The Development of Electric -3paelc X&chinlnZ
_Yzi-Xisa-Troduction 233
Card 4/5

34055
8/123/62/000/003/009/018
1.1110 A004/AlOl
AUTHOR: Kholodnov, Ye. V.
-----------
T= Electrospark manufacture of precision tools
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mashinostroyeniye, no. 3, 1962, 35, abstract
3B178 ("Tr. Tsentr. n.-i. labor. elektr. obrabotki materialov.
AN SSSR", ig6o, no. 2, 156-178)
TEXT: The high accuracy (class 1 - 2) and surface finish (V 8 - 1710) and
other specific requirements made to precision tools for electrovacuum production
(dies for mica, punches for the manuiacture df c6mponents of vacuum devices, etc.)
render difficult the manufacture of such tools by mechanical processes. Electro-
spark machining not only ensures that these demands are fulfilled, but in a
number of cases makes it possible to develop new technological tools. Precision
machining by t is method is attained by using pulses with an energy in the range
of 10-2 to 103 joule. The author presents technological regularities of
electrospark machining using an RC circuit in this energy range: the dependence
.of the erosion magnitude of the component on the conditions, machining area,
electrode shape, its vibration amplitude, depth of hole, etc. and gives some
Card 1/ 3

34055 S/123/62/000/003/009/018
Electrospark manufacture of precision tools Aoo4/Alol
information on the dependence of the surface finish, magnitude of lateral
clearance and hole conicity on the machining conditions. The mentioned depend-
ences are of a nature similar to the regularities of electrospark machining under
rougher conditions, which had been Investigated earlier. The author presents a
detailed analysis of the technology of producing holes and components of intri-
cate shape. Electrodes for holes of intricate shape are made of copper by the
extrusion method in special dies. The fixed electrode setting is ensured by a
special jig. This technology, is used in the manufacture of punches and dies for
mica insulators on the 9KY -2.(EKU-2) coordinate electrospark installation, whose
design and electric circuit diagram are given. For manufacturing components
with intricate outer shape, a method of reversed copying, developed by the
author, is being used. In this method, the shaping element during the machining
is the inner electrode surface, the electrode being dismountable. The electrode
is placed below, the component above. With such an arrangement the erosion
products are removed without getting into the working zone, owing to which
there is practically no conicity of the surface obtained. The improved evacua-
tion conditf6ns for the gases and metal particles from the working zone If the
reversed copying method is used, leads to an improvement of technological
machining indices. Preliminary investigations have shown the suitability of
Card 2/3

Electrospark manufacture of precision tools
34055
S/123/62/000/003/009/018
Aoo4/Aloi
using an h-f pulse oscillator for this method. There are 33 figures and 9
references.
S. Kruglova
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
x
Card 3/3

- 66 EwT
L 8445- (M)/W(t)/EWP(k)/NWjb) Ijp(c)
ACC NRs AP5025756 SOMCE CODE: M/C)286/65/000/018/0120/0121
AUTHORt -Kholoduoyo Ye. V. 33
ORG:~ none
TITLE: Method for electric spark machininjrof small diameter precision holes. Cl"a
.49 j No 174934
SOURCE: Byulleten' izobreteniy i tovarrvkh znakov, no. 18, 1965, 120-121
TOPIC TAGS: metal cutt ingg metal-machining, spark machining, electric spark machinin'S
metalworking _r4eCrf-05PqA1C A1AC111N1#0;,,
ABSTRACT: This Author Certificate presents a method for electric spark machining o4
small diameter precision holes with a wire electrode madeq for example, from ungsten.
To increase the accuracy. of the holes and to obtain a coaxial cone at the hole
tranceg -the electrode is platedg for example, by the-galvanizing process, with.&
copper coating of varying density which decreases from the center toward the periphery.
This process results in preliminary machining of the entrance cone at an operating
regime which partially destroys the copper coating and which forms a cone on the end
of the electrode corresponding to the desired entrance cone. After that the length of
the electrode which corresponds to the cylindrical part of the desired opening is
cleaned of all copper by etching. Final machining is then accomplished without
disturbing the position of the work and.the electrode. An alternate apporach provides
Card 1/2 M)Ct 621-9-018-5-002-54

- --I---
- - - - I ~ - - ---- - - -- - -.-- - - - - -- -.

42~ - '2!F -~~E -, , r~~ 1 -, --: --- ~
ACC NR:.'AP6000636. ~.OOVRCZ CODE: Ult/0401/65/000/001/0037/0046
AUTHOR: Kb~DI6dxkorvg,Yei V.:'(Mbscow).
ORG.* none
TITLE.:~:Piec'i6i~ft:elictiosp*ark machinin' of metals in carbonless medium'
9
SOURCE;. Ekkt:00 nihaya _.obritbotka'materialov, no. 1, 1965, 37-46
-TOPIC. _TAGS*i_~-'el rk- mia metal:machining
~actrospa clilning_
e results are rep4ted of an experimental investigation of electro- 7
a'r'k machinin of metals in water (instead -of kerosine) with the power derived from
9
an RC generator. Singly distilled water with a resistivity of Zx 10-5 per o)(m per c,m,
'a capacitor ener of 3Z-3600 micr9j., a4d Coppei-17ttu!p,&ste&IlKhl8N9TtoleeI as.
gy --b
test metals were used. It was found that: (1) The use of distilled water ~is not only
feasible but also economica; as compared to the use of kerosine, the productivity of
manufacturing electron-tube parts and tools is enhanced, labor required for'
subsequent parts cleaning is reduced, and working conditions are improved. (2) The
interelectrode gap power is better utilized with the water; hence, the process
7-
L_Sqrd Z
ON "W4
R1 1, W -

KHDT,ODNOV, Tu.A.
;. " :'1;1-',.1 -.'- '4ormt1on of conditioned response to a magnetic field in fishes.
-". Trudy sov.Ikht.kom. no.8182-89 1 580 (MIRA 11111)
1. Kafedra fisiologil vysshey norvnoy dayatellnosti Noskovskogo gosu-
daretyennogo universiteta iment kV. Lownosova,
(Conditioned response) (Vagnatic fields) (Sense orgaus-Fishes)

DANILYUK., V.A.; ZHUKOV, V.14.; PANOV, G.I.; KUTSMIKO, G.L.; LUGOVETS,
V.A.; NEKHOHGVp N.A.; PORTNYAGIN., A.I.,- RECHKIN, L.A.;
SEREGIN., V.P.; SIVTSOVO V.P.; MELINIKOV,
V.V.p kand.tekbn.naxkp red.; KOZUL]21, B., red.; CHERNI191OV, Ya.,
tekhn. red.
(Radio amateur's handbook]Wavochnik radioliubitelia. Sverd-
lovsk, Sverdlovskoe knizhnoe izd-voo 1962. 838 p.
(Radio-Handbooks, manuals, etc.) (MIRA 15:8)

PALIMIN, V.V.; TETERNIK, D.M.; AVSYUKEVICH, V.S.; ASLANOV, II.G.; GOLIDMAN,
Ye.I.; ZELIMANOV, I.S.; STEFANOV, A.V.; KHOLODNOVA, O.S.
Studying the poasibility of applying preslaughter adrenal treatment
in the meat industry. Izv.vyao-ucheb.zav.; pishch.tekh. no.1:66-71
163. (MIRA 16:3)
1. Moskovskiy tekhnologicheskiy institut myasnoy i molochnoy
promyshlennosti i Moskovskiy myasokombinat.
(Adrenalin) (Slaughtering and slaughterhouseB)

MAIESIKIIHIN, Iva&,Aloksoyevlch; XWIOMffAK,,Alskooy- Ivas*Tlch; NIKffAYWY,
P.To.; rodaktoir;*'MMrTiY.-Y;T.-.-'Migl'6fWiiif-iidater.
(Model of Mw Rod Banner Cruiser NAurers.01 Model' krannesamowep
kroisera "AvrorO. NoskTa, Isd-To DOSW, 1956. 86 p. (xmA 9t6)
(Ship mAols)

S.ANDAKHCHIYEV, I.S.; KHOLCRIYAK, A. Yu.; ERMAVOVA, A.V.
Experimental unit for modeling fluid flov through porous media.
Trudy Turk. fil. VNIT Part C no.6:82.-88 163 1, t-ri m L 7 -.,7 )

KHOLODITYI, S.D., inzh.
Oxydation of aluminum wires at high-current densities. Trudv
MEI no.39:357-366 162. (MMA 17: 6).,_

KULIKOV I.m.; KHOLODNrUK, M.S.1 BOCHKMVA, Z.A.
,, A.I,; POLYAKOV?
Disirtfecting needs with the addition of a sulfits liquor
concentrate stiekera Zashch. rast. ot vred. i bol. 7 no.12:
26-27 D 962. (MMA 16:7)
(Seeds-Disinfection) (Sulfite liqWw)

KHOLODNYY, A.
Entrance hall is lowered into the ground. Nauka i zhizn'
29 no.2sll-12 F 162. (MIRA 15:3)
1, Glavqyy inzhener "Kiyevuetroatroya".
(Kiev-Subway,s)

VISHNYAKOVA, R.N.; LYSUNKINA, D.S.; SYRKIN, Ya.M.; Prinimali uchastiyes
KWTANOVA 7 G.N.; KHOLO.DNYY,.,Aq.
Plugging cement for extra-deep oil and gas wells. Trudy IUzhgi-
proteementa no./+:108-126 163. 041RA 17:11)

KMZHANOVSKAIA, XeAv, kandatekbanaukj HIMIYAN, V,M., inzho; SPOKOTOVA, B.G.,
inthe
'LTNjLOSffJs--,A*q#8 insh,
Hydration of olinker alkali minerale, Mement 31 no-5210-11 S-0 165.,
(MMA 18 t 10)
Is Vm9aq3rusrqy inatitut po PM&ktiroyaniyu i nauchno-iseledovatell-
skiin rabotax wTumbgiprotn*ment#&

DAN=V, A. D.; IWOLODM) 0. S. I.
"Data on the Power of the Energy Source in the Ionosphere."
abstract presented at the 13th Gen Assembly, ILJGG, Berkeley, Calif, 19-31 Aug 63.

HHOLODINY, 1.
Light and shades. Grazhd. av. 22 no.10:18-19 0 165. (,.,ERk 18:12)
1. Predsedatell mestnogo komiteta professionallnogo soyuza
Dushanbinskogo aeroporta.

L 32052-66 EW(1)1Ew(m)1T1wP(t)1ET1
-ACC NR: AP6013342 SOURCE CODE: UR/0363/06/002/004/0636/0642
AUTHOR:* Vekilov, Yu, Kh.; Millvidskly, M.G Osvenskiy, V. Stolyarov, O.G
]Kholodnyy, L. P.
6
ORG: Giredmet
TITLE: Effect of doping and illumination on the microhardness of sem
crystals
SOURCE: AN SSR. Izvestlya. Neorganicheskiye materialy, v. 2, no. 4, 1966, 636-642
TOPIC TAGS: gallium arsenide, hardness, semicqnductor single cryst
ABSTRACT: The microbardness of n- and p-typ~G~Xngle crystals was studied as a
function of the carrier concentration, illumination with white light, crystallographic
orientation, and magnitude of the load on the indenter. It was shown that doping of GaAs
with a donor or acceptor impurity causes a decrease In microbardness, as In the case
of Si and Ge. It was established that both the concentration effect and the Illumination
effect In the semiconductor single crystals studied are surface effects and are observed
to a depth of a few microns. The results are explained by the peculiar properties of ille
surface of semiconductors and are attributed to the presence in the transition layer of
Card 1/2 UDC: 537.311.3

L 32052-66
ACC NR: AP6013342
an electric field perpendicular to the surface. It was established that the length of the
prongs of dislocation "rosettes" formed around the imprints increases when donor and
i acceptor admixtures are used In doping, this being In accord with the concentration effect
of decrease in microhardness. Although the explanation of the observed effects Is not
always unambiguous (because of the complexity of the phenomena), the method of micro-
hardness measurement may be used to study the surface properties of semiconductors.
Orig. art. fi~as: 6 figures and 1 table.
1, 20 SUBMDATE: 27JuI65 /,ORIGR'E "010 OTH REF: 000
SUB CODE: I
V
Card 2/2

MINDLINt S..S., kand.m ed. nauk; KHMe~~
Effect of chemical preparations vith antiblaatic action on the
cardiovascular o"ten during the treatment of malignant neoplasm.
Soy. md. 26 no.6:60-64 Je 162. (MIRA 15:11) -
1. 1z Rostovskogo, nauchno-4saledovatellskogo, instituta rentgenologiip
radiologii, i onkologii (dir. P.N.Snegirev).
(CYTOTOXIC DRUGS) (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM) (CANCER)
7

GLWITKOV, L.A., In2.h.; BELENIKAYA, M.A.. inzh.; XFOTCI)NYY, MI1.
Exporlmontal system of gas removal, gas purification and
ventilation in the area of a DSP-10 electric farnnoe.
Lit. proizv. no.11:40-41 N 165. (MIRA 18i12)

CUP iL h c K 0 1 1 IN Vs. I u ;Nil 311114 Suits a 0 41 Q 4 66 a; IT 0 T11 0
4 ~ll!_
to
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liptsis in 1.3j.'salall Ap"a 3(1 ums Ir
iral li.moq 'Jr. .,!11'+-J &I-pimoml tl~imollaA Ilrists 'lag wilt.
in.0ill plubil v tk,'.v 00
:0 ll.IM 01' klll'qJ 141 IIU tillilk lillin
In"t"111 III 111- 13 qIjAfi 'IIIVO 1421 12,11114) 4111.1trAlliji 1)!Iln 9 48.1
U9.) -11S "J) azfpi%u Imp rimpitH -silist, 00
X, 'if.% 3.IAI 'JJ1II1I%(j1t% -blillm attl lutill AllijuA 90
&.Amw. ~1: mt tit!.v r1pi.stul po idimpa t1itiq Ill raAllultowai
11,Uj allUK U! 'JJAAAAfill
&ilvQ t1j.-il arlpluta qM4m
Ivusow,tj 21iijApii!u Astmiluo -sili qtFA IsMitsapl tou ai"
0 a,-;,
IoNII 111111 'ONI1 (11 '11.~ 4431 '1111,11,0 u1 Mills %iv 1041
0 as. ! t!jjlji,.i J1111jil)v 14,1 Is; "...4 It Jm~y -II)LVIAH 'tu!N.V
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motomy, it Yk.
Concerning S. I. LebodmQev's article on plwtohomones. Bot. zhur (Ukr.)
10 No. lt 92-96 1953-~-
(MIaLk 6: 6)
Honnones (Plants) (Lebediev, S. I.)

'~' MQ
.M RfjXYSk._[Molodnyip O.L.)
Underground expresoeo tear along. Nauka i zhyttia 10 no. 3-1:19-22
N 16o. (MIU 14:4)
1. Glavnyy inzh. "Kyivmetrobudu".
(Kiev--Subvays)

II-Ii- N
01-AD
USM/ Physics - Met~llurgsr
Card 1/1 Pub, 43 3-4/15
Mithors 1. hmWdno A. L. Pand- Kholodwlys S. D.
Title Measurement of. thermal: -46pandence of the electrical resistanee of Ni-Zn--~
ferrites
Periodical s Izv. AN SWRO, Ser*'~ hio 18/jy' 409-411.. 14Y-Jun 19 54
Abstract s Tt vas eatablish4d thati-the. electrical resistance of-ferritwdepends upon:
their compositionj methods .of'calcination and cooling and uponthe mediwa
in iihich thermal treatment is carried out, The'ejectrical. resistance of Ni-,
'Zn-ferrites is considered a very.important charaoteristic 5ince it deter-,-:7.
mines th2o'losses due to eddy currents. It was found that any reduction in
the FeO amount leads.to'a reduction in ferrite resistance. Rapid-coo-ling
results in the formation of ferrites of low specific resistance and low
activation energy; the a-ptivation energy and the electrical resistance may:

~, ~~` ,." "' "7 !"', ~, ... 1" "~
2: - .1,
,,, , i~-Wrlfl ~ ::;

SOY/1.12-57-5-10651
Translation from; Referativnyy zhurnal, Elektrotekhnika, 1957, Nr 5, p 156 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Kholodnyy, S., D.
TITLE: Automatic Checking of Insulation of En meled Wires
(Avtomaticheskiy kontrol' isoly-ataii emal'provodov)
PERIODICAL: Sb. statey nauch. stud. o-va Moak. energ. in-ta, 1955,
Nr 8, pp 223-235
ABSTRACT'... Bibliographic entry.
Card 1/1

112 -57 -7 -13954
1, Elektrotekhnika, 1957, Nr 7, p 17 (USSR)
Translation from. Referativnyy zhurna
AUTHOR: Frumkin, A. L. , and Kholodnyy, S. D.
TITLE: On the Problem Of F err~~fteermitti~VAY in-a Low-Frequency Band
(K voprosu o dielektricheskoy pronitsayernosti ferritov v nizkochastotnoy
oblasti) -ta (Collection of
PERIODICAL: Sb. statey nauch. -stud. o-va Mosk. energ. in
articles of the Scientific Student Society, the Moscow Power -Engineering
Institute), 1956, Nr 9, pp 142-147 al results is presented of recently Rublished
ABSTRACT: A summary of fundament 9 on the nature of the high (up to 10 6) f errite
experimental and theoretical work The high permittivity is explained by
permittivity in a low-frequency band. g regions separated by
the presence in the material of relatively high conductin resistance.
the thinnest (of the order of 10-4cm) interstices having high electric
It is assumed that the origin of the interstices can be not only the porosity of
the material or the presence of a second phase, but also defects in the crystal
lattice at the points Of contact between crystallites whose axes have different
Card 1/2
On the Problem of Ferrite Permittivity in a Low 112-57-7-13954
orientations. -Frequency Band
Such defects result in an appearance of additional donor or accep-
tor levels and also in an increase in boundary-layer resistance, similar to the
role Of P-tYPe interstices in n-type germanium. Bibliography: 14 items.
B.A.F.
Card 2/2

KHOLOD M , S.D., inzh.
Aluminm wireo with oxide inaulation. Elektrichestvo no.3:63-66
mr 62. (MMA 15:2)
1. 36oskovskiy energeticheskiy institut.
(Electric wire., Insulated)

s/196/63/000/002/014/026
E19VE155
~AUTHORt- Kholodnyy# S.D.
TITIZ: Oxidation of aluminium conductors at high current-
density
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Elektrotekhnika i energetika,
no.2, 1963, 24-26, abstract 2 B 135. (Tr. Mosk. energ.
in-tit, no.39. 1962. 357-366)
TEXT: A new technique for anodising aluminium conductors, to
the manufacture of flexible insulated conductors, has been
A
:developed by the author in the Kafedra elektro-tekhnicheakikh
,materialov i kabeley (Department of Electrotechnical materials and
iCables) of MI and the NII kabellnoy promyshlennosti (Scientific
.;Research Institute of the Cable Industry). A non-sinusoidal
alternating voltage was used whose positive half-wave (Al - anode) 1
!was greater than the negative (Al - cathode). -Here in certain
:uases the current density of oxidation reaches 3 - 4 A/cm2, which
~!reduces the time required to produce an optimum thickness of oxide
1film by a factor of 20 - 30 as compared with oxidizing by
alternating voltage, and by a factor of 50 100 as compared with
Card l/ 11

s/196/63/000/002/014/026
_10xidation of aluminium conductors...
E19VE155
loxidizing with d.c. It is shown that electro-chemical dissolution
iof oxides, and not chemical dissolution as was previously supposed, I
,occurs at the bottom of the pores. The investigations suggest
''-that ionic current is set up during the motion of vacant oxygen-
~!free positions which are formed at the boundary between the metal i
and oxides. Here the current density and the field stress in the
~'oxide can be related by the following equation:
(p - b qE
kT
j Ao.exp
-.where: j current density, A/cm2; 9 potential barrier for
!transition of the vacant place from one equilibrium position to th
:'other, eV; b - activat'ion distance from the equilibrium position
ito the maximum potential barrier 9, X; q - charge of an oxygen
k; E - field intensity in the oxide, A/I; k - Boltzman's
T - absolute temperature; Ao - a nearly constant
.'coefficient which depends on the concentration of mobile ions in
Ahe oxide. oxygen ions moving through vacant places reach the
.;metal-oxide surface, to form new layers of oxide uniformly over,
C d 2/ 11

s/196/63/000/002/014/026
i0xidation of aluminium conductorsedo
E194/EI55
:the entire surface, and electro-chemical dissolution of oxide occurs
'at the bottom of the pores. The rate of dissolution of oxide and
~th-e field stress can be connected by the following equations
p ap~ E.
p
kT
.e
v Ap X.P (2)
P
iwhere: A a coefficient depending upon the electrolyte anion
entraf- the potential barrier for-transItion of
conc ion; (pp
.aluminium ions from oxide to electrolyte; ap - distance from the
-istable position of the Al ion close-to the oxide surface to the
:maximum potential barrier yp; qp - the ion charge of Al; E - the
;field intensity on the oxide-electrolyte boundary. Using Eqs.(l)
and (2) and allowing for the relationship between the field
intensity and the dimensions of cells and pores of the oxide layer,
-is obtained relating the current density and the
;an equation
;relative volume of pores in the oxide layer:
Card 11
'51"
5,

oxidation of aluminium conductors... s/196/63/000/002/014/026
E194/E155
a q
lop''
p p
log A
P kT b q A,/T x
log j +
a q a q
1 p p 1 p P
bq b q
(3)
X 8.6 log A 8.6
0
where is the relative volume of pores. In Eq.(3) values of
Ap and (P. were calculated from the relationship between the
speed of dissolution of oxide and electrolyte temperature. The
value of 9p was 0.523 eV, and Ap = 107-07 I/see. The values of
'A09 9 and bq were obtained.by determining the volt-ampere
characteristics of the barrier layer by the comparison method
8.15 2
10 A/cm W = 1.04 eV; bq = 5.4 e.1). Anodising under
(Ao
alternating voltage has a number of special features. - Evolution
the half-cycle when Al is the cathode alters
of hydrogen in
litat.ively the relationship between the current density and the
ua
q
Card 4/~l
V g
2~*fF S ... lfR~ *i

s/196/63/000/002/014/026
iOxidation of aluminium conductors... E194/E155
~forming voltage. In experimental investigations of this relation-.,
ship, separate measurements were made of the mean-value of positivo,
current density J+ (Al - anode) and negative current density
(Al - cathode), since oxide growth occurs only during positive
;current. The currents were separated by means of two diodes. With
,,direct current and a voltage of about 23 V there is a sharp increaso,
In current and destruction of the film with the formation of
icavities in the metal. However, with alternating voltage the
:process remains stab.le-and the voltage can be increased to 6o-8o v,
:beyond which intensive sparking occurs followed by arc formation
:which burns the conductors. With alternating voltage j+ may reach
~5o-6o mA/cm2, but does not exceed 25-30 mA/cm2 with constant
The value of the negative current was usually 2-3 times
;greater than the positive. With a constant Positive voltage half-.
,!wave the positive current begins to increase sharply if the negative,
;half-wave is reduced, and-its density reaches 500 mA/cm2 and more;
!however, if the negative voltage is too low the oxide film begins
.!to be destroyed, as with direct current, when the anode voltage
.',exceeds 23 V. The greatest current density is reached with a
1positive half-wave voltage of 35-40 V and a negative half-wave
Ll;ard 5A1

-A s/196/63/000/002/014/026
of aluminium conductors...
E194/E155
of 20 lower voltages the current density
-25 V- At
!diminishes and at higher there occurs intensive dissolution of the
~oxide by heating Ito temperature in a number of cases was found
to reach 373 K 400'00. Reduction in the negative half-wave
.!~voltage was achieved by passing a positive current through a diode
7 in the conducting direction and a negative current through a
,-ballast impedance which shunted the anode. Under all conditions
investigated, s1multantous determinations were made of the relativo:
volume, by weighing the specimen before and after anodizing
."and also after dissolving the oxide in chromate-phosphate solution.
;It was thus possible to determine the value of apqp and to confirm
lonship between the currents
,that the theoretically-established relat..L
density and p coincides satisfactorily with experimental data
sunder widely different anodizing conditions. Measurement of
'barrier-layer thickness with alternating and non-sinusoidal voltage*
~'showed that this thickness is reduced as the current density is
increased. The cause of the comparatively low current-density and
thigh voltage with a.c. is the increase in the thickness of the
--ibarrier layer which is about 14 X/V (eff). on reducing the
negative voltage the relative thickness of the barrier diminishes
L4r.4.. ot 1.1 . ........

Oxidation of aluminium conductors ... S/196/63/000/002/014/026
E194/E155
and the current increases, because of a higher field intensity in
,the barrier layer. The special features of the process of
formation of a porous
oxide film on aluminium with alternating and
'non-sinusoidal voltages are explained: during oxidation with
ialternating voltage, the hydrogen evolved in the negative half-
,cycle acts on the shape of the oxide cell, somewhat increasing the. i
:pore.size. This lowers the rate of dissolution on the oxide-
,electrolyte boundary (by reducing the field intensity of this
,boundary), thickens the barrier layer, enlarges the oxide cells,
,and increases the voltage if the current density remains constant.
';The increase in pore size with increasing voltage and current
~density is also observed with constant voltage. With alternating
voltagej however, the pore diameter increases much faster and,
,therefore, destruction of the film does not occur. If the negative
,half-cycle voltage is reduced, a smaller amount of hydrogen is
:evolved; and with stable cell shape the pore size diminishes, whic4
:leads to accelerated dissolution of the boundary layer. The current.
!density then increaseg and may reach 0.5-1 A/cm2. If a very small
amount of hydrogen is evolved, the stability of the process is
disturbed as with direct current. Passage of negative current also
lCard 7/11

s/196/63/000/002/014/026
.,!oxidation of aluminium conductors...
E194/E155
causes some dissolution of the barrier layer. The "switch-ont'
ty..
'transient with alternating voltage has a very high current densi
~After some seconds it falls, denoting a marked increase in thick-
ness of barrier layer and formation of stable cell shape. At a
;voltage of 27-35 V this instant corresponds to a porous layer
Ahickness of about 3 microns. Consequently, the full stabilizing
---~effect of hydrogen is observed only if a porous layer exists.
:--Further, as the layer thickens the current slowly diminishes. if
:ions of alkali nietal are present in the electrolyte, dissolution of
the barrier layer in the negative half-cycle is somewhat greater.
.:'This increases the duration of the transient condition; the marked
,reduction in current is then observed at a considerably greater
Ahickness of porous oxide layer, which depends on the amount ~f
Na 2S04 in the electrolyte. With a Na 2S04 content of o.6-1% in a
:10yo solution of sulphuric acid the limiting thickness of porous
.layer during the transient condition is 10-12 microns. In the
period when the film thickness has-not reached this maximum valu
;the current density is very high and remains almost constant and
:also does not depend on the amount of Na Sol, in the electrolyte.
2
iCard 8/11

5/196/63/000/0021o14/026
'?xidation of aluminium conductors ... :, ,
E194/E155
During the transient condition,'the oxide film in of friable
nular structure. Therefore, conductors produced under these
,gra
:conditions are very flexible but the film in of low mechanical
:strength. The cpmbination of electrolyte with an addition of Na2SO
and non-minuzoidal voltage makes it possible to obtain films of
;given properties'whilst in some cases the anodizing current density
:reaches 4 A/CM2 and the process time is reduced to 10-20 seconds to,
1produce conductors of the best characteristics. In suitable
linstallations circular conductors of 0.15-4 mm diameter and more
may be-anodized and also rectangular conductors of up to 30-MM2
.isection and stripe. The rate of drawing the conductor during
:anodizing is 2-6 m/min for conductors 3.0-2.0 mm*diameters and
;reaches 20 m/min for small diameter conductors. The breakdown
:voltage between anodized conductors twisted together is 250-450,Vt
;depending on the conductor diameter; the flexibility of the
:conductors reaches 10 - 5 times the diameter and the mechanical
:strength on rubbing is comparable with wire enamel grade n _~e -1
:(PEV-1) for round conductors and grade "qjj (PEL) for small-section
~Jconductors..- The electrical insulating properties of oxide
;insulation, the flexibility of the conductors and the ohmic
1
dard.

.'Oxidation of aluminium conductors... s/196/63/000/002/014/02-6
E194/EI55
,resistance of the aluminfum are not altered by "soaking" at
673-773 *K (4oo
-500 OC). After "soaking" the oxide insulation can t
:operate during vibration at accelerations up to 10 g. When the
.atmospheric pressure is reduced the breakdown voltage of oxidized i
conductors is reduced by about 25% (at a pressure of 70-100 mm Hg).
At still lower pressures the breakdown voltage again increases, in
~Iine with Paschen's law. The resistance of oxide insulation at a
-'temperature of 673-773 OK remains fairly high and is some tens of
'megohms.m. However, normal wetting reduces it to 0.5 megohms.m,
~Impregnation with silicone varnish protects the oxide from moisture:
.!.and the resistance of impregnated insulation is some tens of
-megohms.m. at high humidity. After impregnation the breakdown
.strength of oxide insulation increases to an extent depending on.
!the thickness of the additional varnish film. The improvement is
maintained for a certain time at a temperature of 523-573 OK
C), but at 673-773 'Y- (400-500 *C) the varnish film
;decomposes and the conductor properties revert. Good results may
;be obtained by wrapping the oxide-insulated conductor with fibre- J.
:glass, which at high temperature maintains its insulating and
mechanical properties better on an oxide layer than on copper and d
Card 10/11

iOxidation of aluminium conductors... s/196/63/000/002/014/026 f
E19VE155
.a]Lum:Lnium; and even after it is destroyed by prolonged heat, the
.insulating properties of the oxide film remain. Anodized
~,conductors are recommended for high-temperature applications,
.principally for coil windings with only a few volts between turns.
~In mass production the cost of anodized conductors should not
iexceed that of ordinary enamelled conductors.
'2 figures. 8 references.
rAbstractor's note: Com~lete translation
!Card 11/11

KHOI.01ZIYYP -~,. %
....,..I .....I.......:............ --
Heating and coolLng of a baried cabl,&. Rlcktrlchest~n no,6t
35--0 Je'64 (WRA 1?r7)
1. Moskovskly energeticheskly institut.

vj`~N-T;3, V.L., J-nzh., GFiYILZNOV, A.A., irzh.; KHOLCI"NITY, 33.0,, kand.tekhn.najk
Yanufacture, properties, arid applications of oxidized almulnwm
w-Ires. Elektrotekhnika 35 no.3.44-46 Mr 164. (MIRA 17:15)

PRIVEZENTSEVP V.A., doktor tekhn. nauk; SIAVIN, R.M., kand. tekhn.
nauk; KHOLODNYY,-,S.D. kand.-teklm. nauk; BABAKHANOV, YU.M.,
inzh. ~" ". I '.. ~ - -1p
Study of polychlorovinyl insulation of winding wires of
water cooled electric motors. Elektrotekhnika 36 no.8:
4-9 Ag 164. (MIRA 17:9)

KOHlYMO, A.M., inahener; KHOLODNYT. S.1., inshener.
Replacement of worn packing rings In the blading assembly of radial.
steps In Ljungvtr5m turbines. Blek.ot&. 27 no.9:52-54 6 156.
(WA 9: 11)
(Steam turbines-ftIntenance ad repair)

A
S/133/63/000/001/008/01
Ao54/A126

AUTHORS: Chekmarevj A. P., Saf'yan, M. M., KholodnyY, V. G., Soroko, N.,
Ksenzuk,.F,. A. -----------

TMjE. Determination of the strip temperature during rolling on continuous.~
thin strip,mills
PERIODICAL: Stal', no. 1, 1963~ 62 65

TEXT: A uniform structure of the.strip with a grain size that en
sures
the required mechanical characteristics can only be obtained, if the end tem-
and the temperature of coiling is below
perature of rolling is higher than Ar3
6800C. To determine the factors affecting the strip temperature during rolling,'V4^-
extensive tests were carried out at the zavod "Zaporozhatal"' ("Zaporozhatal ~ I-
;
,
V'
Plant) on the 1,680 mm mill, covering the slab temperature from the time'thi O
product was in the heating section of the furnace onward through its passing the-',
roughing mill (beyond the IV stand of this group), before the V finishing stand
and beyond the X stand, by means of photoelectric pyrometera and also with a-
portable radiation tube at various spots between the stands of the finishing

Card 1/3

P.r
'S/133/63/000/001/008/011",*
Determination of'the strip temperature... Ao54/A126

group. The effects of the heatta~sorbed by the slab during heating, the cooling,`
time, the cooling methods, the qtVip surface-to-volum~ ratio, the chemical com-
position of the steel, the striR #iickness and the rolling rate on the strip
temperature were studied In tke.-ftests, stainless [1 Xi8H 9 T (lKhl8N9r)] and
carbon [C T -3K11 (St.3kpil gradeatyere rolled to eizea,varying between 3,x 1,030~
and 6 x 1,232 mm. The temperaturq~changes on the finishing stands, the effect
of the rolling rate on the X stand and of strip thickness on the end temperature-~:~
are'shownih 8 graphs. At equal temperatures, strip thicknesses and rolling con
ditions, the end temperature of rolling for stainless stiel strips is about-50
600C higher than for carbon steel strips of the same dimensions. Increasing the'~"'
.rolling rate on the X stand by 10 m/min raises the end temperature of rolling
for carbon steels by 2 - 30C and for stainless steels by 5 - 60C. By reference
.to the test results on the finishing stands and known equations used in tempera--'~.'.
calculations the following empirical formulae were drawnsup:
228(h-2)
t i. 815
+ (3) for carbon steels and
.
(h-2) + 2-57

t 920 + 71 ~h-3)
(4) for stainless steels,
1
(h-3) +94176
Card 2/3

5/133/63/000/001/006/011,~.*
Determination of the strip temperature... Ao54/A126
--re h
wha the thickness,of*the strip beyond the stano-in question, in mm). The
(
formulae can be used for rolling conditions similar t7d those on the i,68o M'm
mill. The graphs show a satisfactory similarity of the test results and the
data obtained by the above formulae. There are 3 sets of graphs And 2 tables.
Ca
rd 3/3
Fj

22575
S/133/6i/ooo/ooi/co7/oi6
A054/AO3 3
AUTHOPSi Chekmarev, A.P., Member of the Academy of Sciences USSRI Saflyan,
M.M,, Candidate of Technical Sciences; MelenhXo, VA, Candidate of
Technical Sclancess Soroko. L.K., Engineer! Kholodnyy, V.P., Engi-
T117LE1 Heating the Finishing Stand Rolls of Wide Strip Mille
FLRIOD.17ALt Sta!', 1961, No. 1,'pp. 43 - 46
TEXT: The frequent breakdowns of rolis in continuous and eemi-continuous
strip mill? are a saricus drawback ior the increasing productivity of these me-
ChInP5. Breakdowns are mainly due to thermal stres5es caused by the non-uniform
heating of the rolls. Testa carried out to investigate.thin problem showed that
the hett stresses depend largely on the degree of reduction, the temperature and
ine length. of the strip and the speed of rolling. The thin surface layer of the
r-,Ila sjddenly b*,!om-a heated to up to 1020C, when the strip enters and suddenly
1-16 down when the strIF leaves the roll. To eliminate the thermal stresses due
t,:, zud~en temperature obangesn, the rate of rolling on the finishing stand in the
Z%vr.-I Zaporozhatall (Zaporczhatal' Plant) in the beginning of th'e wcrking period
~-,rd IA "'z

22575
S/133/6i/o,'n/ooi/oo7/oi6
iffitIng the FiniahIng Stand Rolls of Wide Strip .4111s A054A,)33
1:, dei.,reazed, e.g., the 1,680 im stand of thiz pl-W, pr-Juc-- ~)O t-)n3 in tne
firt'. hour after the rolls have been changed InLteai 4C 40) tons. In cruer *A-
tsut stres5es In the rolls arid thus tz, elimlnat.-~ producticn locees, thf-
p.e~c,it article sugec.:.ts the rolls to be preheated tef,re operation to the lem-
p~rature which corresponds to the normal rcllIng tnmperal~jre on the particular
stand. For this purpoie an inductor has b"n designed, o::mp.~sel o: three coiled
cores, two of which are mounted under the roll, the third above it. The Inductor
is &-v fed (50 CPs, 380 v). The rolls, the bell bearinga and rupparts are can-
nected with this device. In the working rolls of the finiching stand holes were
drilled In which thermocouples (three pairs per roll) were fitted. The teO. re-
sul.l.i are plotted In Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7, and it was established that six pairs
ot thc.- --ontinuous finishing stand rolls could W preheated effectively. according
t:) the following scheme . Four h before they are mounted on tht~-stand the rolls
f utands VIII - IX, then the rolls of stand VI and VII and finally those of
stan3 V and X should bo preheated by the Induotor described. The heated rolls
have to be wrapped In flannel and stored on shelves, so that the temperature will
be dietributed In them evenly, before they are mounted on the stand. The tim-i
available Is 3 h for the rolls of stand VIII - TX,.2 In for those of stand VI - t
VII &i& I h for t.',9 rolls of stand V. The rolls of stand X. whoae working tem-
Card
vp;
Me '71-Lk4
4-5 %

22575
S/I 33,61,000/001/007/016
Heating the Finishing Stand Rolls of.Wide Strip Mills A054/AO33
poraturo 13 lower than that ofthe others,' are heated only for 25 min and they
are rolled over every 12 min. The temperature equalization takes 1.5 h In these
rolls. By using a device for rotating the rolls alowly in the inductor, heating
can be made more uniform. With picheated rolls mounted.on the stand no special
"heating up" period for the fini3hing stand process was necessary and the stands
could operate at full capac 'ity after the preheated rolls were mounted. There are
7 figures and 5 references: I Soviet and 4 non-Soviet
ASSOCIATIONS: Institut chernoy metallurgil AN UkrSR (Institute of Ferrous Metal-
lui~e*bf-the Academy of Sciences UkrSSR); Dnepropetrovskiy metal-
lurgXcheskiy institut (Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute);-
zavod "Zaporozhatal'" ("Zap'orozhatal' Plant)
Card 31'&

CM224AnV A. P.,, akeLdemik; MELESHKO, V. I. kand-. tekhn. nauk;
IfA KH5fODNrY ' - zh-
SAF 0 M. M,, kand. tekhn. nauk;_g.OLU.V. P-in
Temperature conditions or roughing rolls on continuous thin-sheat
mills. Nauch. trudy DMI no.48:3.21-131 062. (MIRA 15:10)
1. Akademiya nauk Ukrainskoy SSR (for Chekmarev).
(Rolle(Iron mills)) (Thermal stresses)

SAFIYAR, M. M.,Aand. tekhn. nauk; KMLODNIX, V. Pop inzh.
Xcperimental deflootion detemination oftbe rolls on four-
high rolling mills. Nauch. trudy MU-no.480-216-227 `62.
(MPA 15: 10)
(Rollm(Iron mills)-Testing)

.,.KHOI,ODN![Y,.V. P;, insh.
SAFIYAN, M. M., kand. tekhn. nauk. __ _
Experimental determination of the torque arm during the cold
rolling of alloyed Btsels. Nauch. trudy EMI no.48:228-238 162.
(MIRA 15:10)
(Rolling(Notaivork)) (Torque)

CHEKMAREVp A#P., akademik; SAFIYAN, MM,, inzh#; KHOLODNYY V P, inzh.;
SOROKOp L.N., inzh.
Investigating the wear of working and backing rolls on
continuous hot rolling sheet mill* Met. i gornorud. prom.
no.5:23-28 S-0 163, (MIRA 16: 11)
1. Dnepropetroyskiy metallurgicheakiy institut (for Chakmarev,
Saflyan, Kholodnyy). 2. Zavod mZaporothstallm (for Soroko).
3o AN UkrSSR (for Chokmarev)o

CHEKKAREV, A. P.; SAFIYAN, M. M.; KHOLODM, V. P.
Shear drag in rolling strips with irregular reduction. Izv.
vys.ucheb.zav.; chern.met,7 no. 4:77-82 t64. (MIRA 17:5)
1. Dnepropetrovskiy metallurgicheakiy institut.

L 19840-65 F.WT(M')/E~-IA(d)/Pwt-(t)/E-dP(k)/EWP(b) Pf -4 HJW/JD/Er,4
ACCE&SION NR- AP4049064 S/0148/64/000/011/0112/0119,
AUTHOR: Chekmarev, A. Saflyan-,- W M Kho
P jctk ~*y V~.)~.; Ks~~. ~F_A.
TITLE: Variations in longitudinal thlckness~during hot rolling of metal strips on continuous
sheet mi)'--,
SOURCE:, WUZ.-~Chernayametallurgiya, no.-,11,- 1964,-112-119
TOPIC TAGS: 6t: rolling, continuous-sheet rnill, longitudinal thickness, metal strip-.
rolling
AWSTRACT: Variations- in. longitudin' 11, thickness of hot-milled strips are due either to
variation In temperature along the strip or to variation In pressure between the stands
~rljer wobbling, the ends of the strips being thicker than the middle. Experi-
c4usedby I
ments on the thickness of strips were perkirfifed on- -a continuous sheet mill at- the ~ Zaporo-
zhstall factory, with an oscillograph placed on the tenth stand set to show the change in
thickness of the strip. Oscillogramdeshowed that in every case the ends were thicker than
the centers, and the trailing edge was thicker than the leading edge. 1K1l8N9T st el showed
.e
a greater variation in thickness than carbon steels. The difference in temperaW&- from the
front to the rear can be reduced by a reduction in size of the strip of metal. Experiments
Card 1/2

CHEKMAREV, A.?., SAFIYAN M.M.; KHOIZDNYY, V.P.; SUKHOBRUS, Ye.p.
.9
Study of nonuniform deformation in rolling slabs on a continuous
sheet mill. Stall 25 no.4034-335 Ap 165. (MIRA 181ll)
1. Dnepropetrovskiy metallurgicheakiy Inatitut.

ACC NR, AT6012089. 'SOURCE COM.": U11/3177/65/021/000/003*8/0052
AUTHOR: Chelcmarev, A. P (Acadernician AN UkrSSR); E~LflyqLi, M. M. (Professor);
Mcleshko. V. 1. (Canclitlatc of technical sciences);.Prokoflyev V. 1. (Can(lithfe of technicall~il):
sciences), Avratneriko, 1. N. ~E'ngincer); Doflolut, _6_. ),! V
t ~,,vi.-); 1. t . A. (Engincerl'
Kudin, D. P. (Lngincer)-T,61a, V. N. (Engincer); Movshovich, V. N (Engineer); Pavlishchev, I
V. B. (Engineer); Soroko,_ L. N. (Engineer); Sukhobrus, Ye'. 13. (Engineer); Miolodnvy. Y. P.
(Engineer); Yudin, Al. 1. (Engincer.
ORG: none
TITLE: Improvements in the techniques of production of EMONIOT cold-rolled wide-strip
steel at the Zaporozhstall Plant
SOURCE Dnel2ropetrovsk. Institut chernoy metallurgil rudy, v. 21, 1965. Prokatnoye
proizvoddtvo (Welding pkoduction); 38-52
TOPIC TAGS: stainless steel, bright stock lubricant, metal rolling, sheet metal, industrial
plant / Kbl8NIOT stainless'steel, P-28 bright, stock lubricant
ABSTRACT: On Increasing to 11. 8 tons from the previous 10. 3 tons the weight of the ingots

L i'i1Z74-Jn
ACC NR, AT6012089 7
of KhI8N1OT stainless steel used to produce 1000 mm wide sheets the Zaporozhstall Plant
found it possible to reduce by 40-50 kg/mII12 the wastage of metal (luring slabbing. Other lnncp-
vations introduced in recent years at Mis plant Include: fettling, flame scarfing and planing
of Ingot surfaces so as to eliminate defects of.mcfallurgical origin prior to slabbing. 77hese
measures, along with improvements in the ingot relicking regime, have made it possible to
increase the productivity of slabbing mills by 15-20%. 17he Ingots thems A es are cone-.shaped
in order to optimize the conditions of. crystallization of the molten metal. After trimming and
heating to 1050-1300*C the slabs proceed to a continuous strip mill where they are rolled into
1000 nim wide strip. By introducing the cold rolling of this strip in a reversible four-high mill
with a reduction of 85% and by abandoning the practice of intermediate quenching during the
produ tion of 0. 8-1. 4 mm thick sheets rolled frorq J. 0 mm thick stock, using P-28- brig t
stoclifl(highly viscous mineral oil) as the lubrican using highly polished rolls, and increasing
the convexity of the rolls to offset the increase in roll pressure, and thus streamlining the
rolling techniques.to an extent at'which It became possible to roll in 13 passes 0. 8 mrn thick
strip without overloading the rolls and main drive, the Zaporozhatall Plant has found it possible
to increase by 81% the productivity of Its sheet mill and by 180%. the productivity of its rever-
sible cold-rolling mill. The annual savings produced by these innovations amount to: for the
slabbing-mill shop, 162. 000 rubles; for the sheet-mill shop, 91, 000 rubles; for the cold rol
shop, 719,000 rubles. Orig. art. has: 3 figu res, 9 tables.
SUB CODE: 13, U/ SUBM DATE: none/ OJUG REF: 015
Cmd 212

xRoiDDNYY, re,, otarshiy inzhe
Zvery second counts. -Obahchostv. pit. no.lIS39-40 N 161.
(MMA l5t2)
1. Iaboratoriya organizateii proizvodetva i truda Severskogo
aetal.lurgich6skogo zavoda, g. Pblevskoy Sverdlovskoy Oble
(Pblevskoy-Restaurantag lunchrooms., etc*

KHOLODNYY, Ye,
innovators' practice in the workihg area. Sots.trud
Masterin
8 no.3:1*-123 Mr 163. (MIRA 16:3)
3.9 Starshiy imhener laboratorii orgai~zatsii proizvodetya i
truda Severskogo metallurgichookogo zavoda.
(Steel industry-Technological innovations)

XACHANOVA, Ye.Teep GOMACHETA, M.A9, FZTROCHENKO, N*A-, XROLODOK, A.I.
ftienle evaluation of storage conditions and uality of breast
milk at a donor center [with summary In Englishl . Pediatrila 36
U0.10114-20 0 156 (MMA 11111)
It Is sanitarno-epi.demiologichesko7 stantsit Dzerihinskogo rayona
Leningrada Nra, HUXAN,
donor centers. determ. of milk quality & hyge
evaluation of storage cond. (Rus))

KHOLODOK, V.D., red.; KUZNETSOVA, O.L., tekhn. red.
(The Leningrad environs; a touriot's guide) Okreetnosti
Leningrada; turistskaia okhema. Moskva, 1963. 17 p.
(miRA 16:9)
1. Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) Glavnoye upravlenie geodezii i
kartografii.
(Leningrad region--Guidebooks)

NIKIFOR6if, I-V-; MAYSURADZE,, L.I.; ALEKSANDROV, N.I.;
BAIASHOVP V.I.
Raw methodis for gravity surveying under the conditions of a dense
-forest. Sbor.luch.rats.predl. pt. 2:4-5 163. (MM~~ 17:5)
1. Ukhtinskoye goologicheskoys upravleniye.

XOLYASEV, Me.; Z19JOHEIIKOV, K.K.; XHDIODOV, A.G.
Extensive testing of a device for measuring soil noiEture under
field conditions. Sbor.trud.po agron. fiz. no.5:34-47 '52.
(MIRA 11--7)
(Soil moisture-14easurement)

'4110;~OEOV, '.. G.
1:1101.0DOV, A. G. -- "Hydrophobiza-tion of Soliv. flyr1rophobic Soil, Some of
C,
Its Properties and Uses-" All-Union Order of Lenin Ac,lde.V of Xgricultural
Eciences imeni V. 1. Wnin. Agrophysics Sci Res Inst. Leningrad, 1955-
(Dis!~crtntion for the Degree of Candidate of Agricultural Ziclence,-.)
SO: Knizhnnya letonisl , No. h, 1-!osco,,;, 1956

0 4 41 0 0 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 0
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004
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all an us
jL Al s 4 -;L 0 6 a -A
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S L, MA99111IL11%
410
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141,040 410, owl act 11811114.0 6#660, AIN a-- III
I T T 1A
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to sm, it a a Of 9 a
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00
.4 fit I
1411111 Sao 0110FINfIll .!41
ULTING OF STEM VAA4 IN ELECTRIO 11MACES. A. KOT19 and

00 (Stal 1939 No. Is. pp. 24-29). (In Russian). Steel
stool' with 0.35-0*42% of carbon, 0.30-0.60%
NoT, rWnr
9 a sit

00
,
0.17-0.42% of 11111000, V*45-1.66% of chromium,
of Magavese, 00
0.40-O.W. of mo2ybdonm. 0.70-1.10,0. of aluminium, 0.03%
000 of iulphur, 0*03% of phosphorus and 0.20% of nickel. In the
001 first sectign of the paper the authors examine statistAcal data
i
f th
d rod,
e
le cause o
er to trace
t
no-lating to I'fractive wild towls in or
'
fracture de(wt in tile steel and facton affecting the
columnar
ifi
d
l
h
at were t
en ver
e
inillifict iotrrngth. The conclusions arrivel
exiferi nially, sortle observatiorut fiolilly being instle on the control
'
lother 4 heatii. It iA oweludril that the iolumnar fracture
of et ni
17 zoo
GeV and tile accuttiliflinying banded ferrite are due to heterogeneity ofthl,

~
;Joe
i
iinium-
inetal, which in him is catimad by the pncipitation of alu
l
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e
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roil of
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um
ctul, W
" cry
t
le
nc
Illore Pronount-rd Mumnar fracture near the tvntre of the billets is
due to telliperliture conditions during.the solidification of tile ingots
i
l
i
b
i
f
f
i
i
h
unt-
ear
err
to
e a
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n
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"hich facilitate the wparat
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ri 00
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11110- Via., -go

a
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w
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, I 11111fl, all do "I
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l It
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a
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00 0 0 0! . . . . . . . . 0
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00 00
09 00
of 00
go tilld aloo favour a certain arget-gation of the AI 0, A volumnar 00
fn6L'tUM AIMI All inenmeed number of non-nu-tallic inclusions inemase 046
the impiact mtren#Us in test-piet" taken in the loewitudinal direction. 00
Sound fracture asid good wAution of the alumialuto am obtaitwl by 00
*0 wid melting. The steel shouki be Oxwoughly deoxithaml befom
00 adding t1w alundntam during the tapjAr4t of t6 funisce. 00
00 00
00 00
of 00
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:
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1
1

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;;;-, so atiew. w lOD% 1w deb SIMANOW 0"
IOW amipb d 01100of ammft pwtw" an the Am
fordo deg. Gbarb ot so. By w aw
WWA att to I it wa drid. Oat do wisimatil
gas bw dom I p In dMm.
wa al bed as lke.
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the 41 It Iwo cmdu&d that
Lou to probaMy Is P"mt Is
010 L . i. papbur A.G.G.
do Ow as~d .. 1~ . I

DOKSHITSKAYA, Aleksandre losif oyna; GORIACH, Ivan Artemovich:
kandtdat tokhnichoskikh nauk, retmensent; VOIFUNSKIT. L.M..
redektor; DUOINA. N.A., tokhAich*skikh redaktor
LBIectric furnace switing of steel forfounding *hope*] Typleyke
stali Me fasonnogo Ittlin v slektropechakh. Pod red. L.K.
volviaoskoge. Xoskva, Gee. muchno-tokhn.izd-vo vieshloostroit.
lit-ry, 1956* 58 p. (lanchno-popullarnsia bibliotokm raboebego-
litelshchike. no.12) OCLBA 10: 6)
(Smelting) (Blectric furnaces)

137-58-5-9141
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 5, p 56 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Kholodov, A. I.
TITLE: Criteria for a Rational Utilization of Steelsmelting Arc Furn-
aces Employed in Steelcasting Shops ( Osnovy ratsionallnoy eks-
pluatatsii dugovykh elektrostaleplavillnykh pechey v stalelitey-
nykh tsekhakh)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Materialy konferentsii-kursov po elektroprivodu i
avtomatiz. tekhnol. protsessov metallurg. predpriy4tiy*
Sverdlovsk, Metallurgizdat, 1957, pp 83-97
ABSTRACT: It is suggested that the hearth of an arc furnace be made in a
circular shape and that it be calculated in accordance with the
chosen specific free-surface area of the bath of molten metal
(f = 0.25-0.60 m?/t: DM. B. ~~ 1. 13 A G*m, where DM. B. is the
diameter of the free surface of the pool of molten metal and G is
the charge. The depth of the metallic bath is found from the equa-
tion: 1~13 + 0.75D2'h 0.21D2 /f= 0. The height,
M. B. M.B. M. B. - M .B.
taken from the center of the crown to the surface of slag (Hcd,
Ca rd 1/2 must equal 0.52-0.55 D (D=diameter at the base of the walls).

137-58-5-9141
Criteria for a Rational (cont. )
It is suggested that the walls be made with an inclination of 130 and (regard-
less of the size of the furnace) be covered with a 100 mm thick layer of the
following heat insulating materials: 20 mm of asbestos, 15 mm of filling, and
65 mm of fireclay iining.
V.T.
1. Electric furnaces--Design
Ca rd 2/2

SOV/137-58-9-18659
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr9, p7l (USSR)
~11
AUTHORS- Yesin, O.A., Kholo Gelld, P.V., Popel', S.I.
TITLE: Electrochemical Refining and Alloying of Ferrous Metals (Elek-
trokhimicheskoye rafinirovaniye i legirovaniye chernykh
metallov)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Staleplavilln. proiz-vo, Moscow, Metallurgizdat,
1958, pp 151-161
ABSTRACT: A description is offered of the results of experiments in
1948-1952 in the electrochemical refining and alloying of
metals. The laboratory experiments were run in a resistance
furnace with a Silit electrode and in a 50-kg high-frequency
furnace. Electrochemical refining of metal proved feasible.
The application of an external electrical field to a metal-slag
system makes it possible to regulate the speed and complete-
ness of transfer of S from the metal into the slag. Pilot-plant
experiments at the Verkh-Isetsk Plant employed a D-C gener-
ator (1000 amps, 120 v). The metal was poured into a 300-kg
ladle. The results of the industrial experiments showed that
Card I/Z when an external electrical field was applied the removal of

SOV/137-58-9-18659
Electrochemical Refining and Alloying of Ferrous Metals
sulfur from the steel proceeds with considerably greater efficiency than
without electrolysis. Depending upon the initial composition of the metal
and the slag and upon the quantity thereof, the S content diminished by
0.020-0.045% during the first 10 min. Simultaneously with the removal of S
from the metal, an increase in Si content was observed. Current efficiency
was from 20 to 961o. The experiments demonstrated the desirability of
further development of the method and of its introduction into industrial
practice.
L. K.
1. Ores--Processing 2. Matals--Production 3. Iron alloys--Production
4. Metals--Electrochemistry
Card Z/2

Sov/133/58-9-10/29
LUTHORS:Siunov, N. S. (Dr.Tech.Science
'OProfessor), Rezin, M. G.
(Candidate Tech.Science), Kholbdov, A
, I. (Candidate Tech.
Sciencesp Docent)j. , -0sykho-~571y, 1. G.- (Candidate Tech.Scienc,
Senior Lecturer)
TITLE: The Choice of Some Parameters of the Electro-lAa-netic
0
Stirrer for an Are Furnace (Vybor nekotorykh parametrov
dugovogo statora elektromagnitnogo peremeshivatelya zhidkoy
stali)
FERIODICAL: Stall, 1958, 'Nr 9, pp 802-806 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: After a brief outline of the principle of operation of
an electro-magnetic stirrer and advantages in its use (based
on Western literature) the authors consider the problem of
choice of some of its main parameters for a given velocity
of movement of metal on the bottom of a furnace. The
following parameters are considered: number of poles of the
stator are, length of Statov's are, air gap are, frequency
of the current, lenmth of the core. Theoretical considera-
tions were tested on a model using mercury at room tempera-
ture (Fig.5). Good agreement between the calculated and
actual velocities of the movement of the metal was obtained.
Two designs of electro-magnetic stirrers developed by the
Card 1/2

sov/133/58-9-10/29
The Choice of Some Parameters of the Blectro-Magnetic Stirrer for
an Are Furnace
electrotechnical and electrometallurgical department of
the Urals Polytechnical Institute in cooperation with the
works UAZ, UZTM and VIZ will be soon introduced into the
inaustry. There are 5 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy l'tekhnicheskiy institut (Urals Polytech-
nical Institute3o
Card 2/2

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KMIODOV, A.Z., kand.takhnonauk, dote.
Calculating the interaction of steel and slag In tbn electric
smelting process. Trudy Ural.polltekh.inst. n0-75:157-169
'59. (MIRA 13:4)
(Steel-Bloctrometallurgy) (slag) (Ion exchange)

__AWPQT. A.L. )mnd.tekhn.Pauk. dots.
- Z.,
Investigating else forriation, during the period of charge
fusion in an electric arc steel smelting furnace. Trudy Ural.
Politekhoinst. no~75:170-180 '59- (MIRK 13:4)
(Steel-Blectronstalluray) (Slag)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/5411
Konferentsiya po fiziko-khimicheakim onnovam. proizvodstva stali. 5th,
.Moscow, 1959.
Fiziko-khimicheskiye oanovy proizvodstva stali; trudy konferentsit
(Physicochemical Bases of Steel Making; Transactions of the
Fifth Conference on the Physicochemical Bases of Steelmaking)
Moscow, Metallurgizdat. 1961. 512 p. Errata slip Inserted.
3, 700 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: AkademiyanaukSSSR. Institutmetallurgilimeni.
A. A. Baykova.
Responsible Ed.: A. M. Samarin, Corresponding Member, Academy
of Sciences USSR; Ed. of Publishing House: Ya. D. Rozentsveyg.
Tech. Ed.: V. V. Mikhayleiva.
L
Card 1/16

Phyoicochemical Bases of (Cont.)
SOV/5411
'z
PURPOSE: This collection of articles is intended for engineers and
technicians of metallurgical and machine-building plants. senior
students of schools of higher education, staff members of design
bureaus and planning institute#. and scientific research workers.
COVERAGE: 7be collection contains reports presented at the fifth
annual convention devoted to the review of the physicochemical bases
with problems of the
of the steelmaking process. 7hese reports deal
mechanism and kinetics of reactions taking place in the molten metal
in steelmaking furnaces. The following are also discussed: problems
involved in the production'of alloyed steel. the structure of the ingot.
the mechanism of solidifteation. and the converter steelmaking
process. The articles contain conclusions drawn from the results
of experimental studies, and are accompanied by references of which
most are Soviet.
Card 2/16

Physicochemical Bases of (Cont.) SOV/5411
Urazova, V.A., and Yu. T. Lukashevich-Duvanova.
Inclusions In the Titanium -Containing Low-Carbon
Steel 354
Lukashevich - Dttv anova, Yu. T. , and 0. V. Dimant.
Inclusions in Zirconiurn.-and Niobium-Containing
Low-Carbon Steel 364
Kholodov, A. 1. Precipitation Deoxidation in a Basic
hTectricFurnace 384
Kholodov, A. 1. Precipitation Deoxidation in an Acid
Electric Furnace 391
Voinov, S. G. Development and Introduction of New
Techniques in Making Ball-Bearing Steel; Mechanism
of the Formation of Nonmetallic Inclusions 398
Ageyev, P. Ya. Kinetics of Metal Deoxidation Processes 422
Card 13/16

S/iii8/61/000/004/001/008
E071/&48o
AUTHORS Kholodov, A.I. and-.1gnatlyev, V.S.
TITLE: study of the viscosity of electro steel smelting
slags
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Chernaya
metallurgiya, no.4, 1961, 53-58
TEXT: The transfer of silicon and-oxygen from metal to slag and
vice versa during the smelting of steel in electric are furnaces
with acid lining dep ez* on the ctivity,of the acid'slag which
in turn depends on it a chemical composition and'viscosity. Als
there were no data avail ble viscosity,lor authors determined'
the viscosity of aci& al:gs 0-46ined during'ihe smelting of at-eel
35 n(35L). Samples of slag were taken at the end of the melt out
period at & temperature of 1540*C, at the end of the oxidizing
period at 1590*C and before tapping at 1620*C. The chemical
composition of the slags-varied'within the following limits:' -
S102 37- 58%, PeO 12 to 45%', MnO 11 to 20%, A1203 traces- 6%,
Cr20 0 3 to 1.2%, CaO 0.8 to 11.6% and'Mg 0,2 to 1,4%.
In aldition some synthetic slags (5102 54 to 68%, CaO 10 to 30%,
FeO I to 18%, Mao 1 to 18%) were tested. The viscosity wav
Card 1/3