SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BELYAYEV, L. M. - BELYAYEV, L. M.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610013-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

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BELYAYEV, L. I4.

Cr~st,8~osm~
Structure

~oes' ~y N. V. ~lov," L.

~k lo ~n~, o~ ~Y chapter. ~ter descr~b-

ir~ ~-c~l~. ~ ~ ~B~ts discusses

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BEL~AY~,V, L* Hi

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~. "Introducing the teaching of orystallograph~ in universities,. (In
connection with an article by N. N. KACHALOV and N. A. TOROPOV~ "Setting up crystall_ '
ography courses in chemico-technological institutions of higher learning,, in the
Journal Vestnik vyssh, shkoly, 1948, No. 8), Vestnik vyssh, shkoly, 1948, No. 12,
P. 30-31.

SO: U-3264, 10 April 1953, (Letopis 'Zhurnal 'nykh Statey, no. 3, 1949)

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BELYAYE~, L. M.

~/Physics - Crystallography Oct k9

"~he Practical Significance of Works in Crystallo-
graphy'', L. M. Belyayev, Cand Phys Math Sci
"Vest Ak Nauk SSSR" No 10, pp bO-~
Claims that cr stallography is no longer a mere "cabi-
net science (iY.e., purely academic) in the USSR. Crys-
tallography is pre-eminently important since most prac-
tical solids (e,g.~ metals) are crystals. Crystallo-
graphy includes studies of phmrmaceutical powders and
abrasives used in drilling rocks, besides optics and
piezoelectricity (Rochelle salt crystals) etc. Men-
tions an industry for making synthetic corundum.

221T94

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Category : ussR/0ptics - Physical opttcs K-5
Abs.Jour ~ Ref Zhu~ - Flzi~, No l, 1957, No 2364

Author
Inst
Title

: Belyayev~ L.M~ G~la~In~ M~D~, Morgenshtern, Z.L.~ Chizhikovm~ Z.A.
:~~,~ of Sciences U~SR;. Ineto of Crystallog~aphy~ Acad. of $ci.USSR
: Dependence ~f the Yield of Gamma amd Fnoto~umlnescence of KI-T1 Crystals
on the Thallium Concentra~ior~

Orig P~b : D.~kl. AN SSSR, 1954~, 99, No 5, 691-694

Abstract

Card

The lum~uescence .Vleld ~ w~ determined for KI-T1 phosphors with a concen-
trstlo~ o� T1 of 2~35 x lO-o to ].~ x 10-3 g/g in the finished crystal, for
excita'~ion with gsmm~ rays from CoO0 and for optical excitation In thz former
case, the intensities of the individual scintillations and the s~m~ry average
brightness of the glow were measured. In both cases,~first increases ap-
proximately linearly with increasing T1 concentration, and then more slowly,
dimclosing a tendency to saturation at appro�tm~tely 10-3 g to T1 per gram of
KI. A cl~rve of st~tlar form is observed in the case of optical excitation in
the ba~ud of the intrinsic absorption of the KI lattice (~ 200 m~), th~
ev~dencing a certain community of luminescence mechanism in both cases. In the
case of excitation in the first (long-~ve) absorption band of T1 (~=287 m~)~
~1~ in&epen~ent oF the concentration of T1, but in the cases of excitabion in
the 2h0-245 ~ region, where the T1 absorption is overlapped by the edge of the

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C~tegory : USSR/Optics - Physical optics

Abs ~our : Ref Zhur - Fizika~ No l~ 195'i' No 2~64

intrinsic lattice a~s~rp~lon~ ~ increases rapidly up to concentrations of ap-
proximately 1.5 x lO TM g of T1 per gram of KI, a~d becomes independent of the
T1 concentration beyond that. This indicates a low effectiveness in the
transfer of the absorbed energy from the basic substance to the T1.

Card : 2

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C~tegor~: USSR/O~tics'- Phys~lcal.optics

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K-5

Abs Jour : Ref Zh~.' - Flzl~a, No 1, 1957/No 2363

Author : Belyaye_v. L~.~. Gelanin~ M,~Do~ Morgenshtern~ Z oL,, Chizhikova, Z.A.
Inst : Fnys~ .Inst. Acad. of Sciences USSR; Inst. of CrystaLlography Aced. of Sciences
USSR
Title : Dependence of the Yield of Gemma and Photoluminescence of NaI-T1 Crystals on
the Thalll~ Concentration.

Orig Pub : b3kl. AN SSSR, 1955, 105, No 1, 5'[-60

Abstract :

The reis.rive luminescence yields ~ of NaF-T1 crystals excited by g~mma rays
from Co�O ~ud photo-excited at 289 and 25~ m~L were measured as functions of
the concentration c of Tl~ which w~s determined polarographical/y. It .~s
shcwn that in the ~ong-w~ve absorption band of T1 the index of light abjorp-
tlon is proportional to c, so that for low thallium concentration the 'v~lue of
c could be determined from the absorption. In the case of the 289 m~ excitation,
~.e.: in the first (long-wave) absorption'baud of T1, ~Pis independent of c up
to values of c amounting ~o lO-3M. In the case of the 254 ~ excitation, -
CZm ~ S e S UP t O~ ~ 2 X 10 '~ ~d
b~comes independent of c beyond that. An ~a~2-
gous deper~ence is observed also in gamma excitation� ~he half. value of the
ltmit~ug ~ of gamma luminescence is attained at c ~ 5.9 x lO-~M. The scintil-
lation brightuess is greater in NaI-T1 ~han in Ki-T1, but the summary glow

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C~tegory ~ USSR/Opt=cs _ Physical optjcs

Abs Jour : Ref Zhuz - FJzika~ N~ 1~ 195'[, No 2363

of Na]-T1, f,~r sufficiently large values of �, exceeds the summ~yglow of
Na[-Tl~ snd this is explained by the considerably greater fraction of phos-
phorescence in the glow of Ki-T1.

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UssR/Fltting Out of Laboratories - Instruments~ Their Theo~ Construction, and
lJ~e~ H

Abst Journal: Referat ghur - Ehimly% No 19~ 1~56~ 61~63

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USSR/Fltting Out of Laboratories . Instruments, Their Theo..-y, Construction~ and

� Use, H

Abst Journal ~
Abstract:

Referat Zhur . Khimiya, No 1~, 1~56, 61963

central chamber. Angle range of arm rotation and actuation of the
tube swinging mechanism are effected by 2 stops with Hg-contacts.
Shape of the eccentric of the swinging mechanism is selected in
such a manner as to ensure attainment of uniform sensitivity scale
on roentgenoscopy. Focussing is effected in RSD-2 by a quartz
crysta-! ground on both sides to a 1, O00 mm radius and set in op-
tical contact with cylindrical surface of the glass segment of
crystal-holder (radius 500 mm). Discussions of effective surface
of reflecting curved c~ivstaI l0 x 50 mm. Recording of X-ray
spectra is done on motion picture film sensitive to wave length
region 2~000_5~000 XE. To facilitate reading of spectra a wave
length scale is printed on the film.

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Category: US~/Fitti~ ~t of ~bo~to~es. Instants. ~eir ~eo~, H.
Const~ction ~d Use.

Abs Jo~: ~fe~t ~ur-~i~, No 9, 1957,

Au~or :~ Narbutt K. I., Stol~rova Ye. L., Konst~tinov
I. Ye.~eyev V. A., Gil'varg A. B., S~o~ I. S.
Inst : Ac~e~ of Sciences USSR
Title : ~erimen~ Use of Luminescent Co~ter for Registeri~ X-~y
Sect~.

Orig Pub: lzv. AN SSSR, Set. fiz., 1956,

Card

Abstract: Use was made of a luminescent counter consisting of NaI(T1) cry-
stal and FEU-19 with necking-in~ for registering primary and flu-
orescence x-ray spectra, and for the study of fine structure of
x-ray spectra. The electrical hookup consists of a preamplifier,
wide-band amplifier, scaler attachment (16:l), PS-64 and electro-
mechanical counter. Use of the counter enhances sensitivity of
x-ray spectrum a~elysis by one order and lowers the ~posure by
4 times, in comparison with a gas counter.

: Z/l -6-

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f

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' J- f -/"L~'~'''

:dibenzyl, and
prooedU~e,- and: an
etilbene ,8 :le"propoSecl.:' ::-The difficUlties of g~ '

given- of a. Sui~ble appara~S. -- :~or inorg~ic-scintillatorS, -~e ~

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l~ethods oi' growing... D258/D~07

authors give an account of the modifications made by them 1;o
~he apparatus of Eyropolous I'or growing cryst~l.s of alkali
h~/ides, ar, d of a vacuum equipment used for calcium ~umgs~ato.
The experimental assist~rnce of Z. B. Perekalina, Go ~o Belikova,
V. V. Ohadayeva, X. S. Chernyshev, M. V. Koehuashvilt, V. A.
Per!'shteyn, and I. N. Tsigler ~t~ acknowledged. ~here are*~

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;:;~,~ .. ~ID~. ~pplication of radiOactive iadicatora ~o
"'; ~ s~dy of ,he ~istribu~ion of activa,or in

SO~O~: Ros~ ~ris~allov; do,lady na 2e~om sovesnch~i' '~:

~W SSSR, 1957, 341-~44
-..--~.: ~ .C~staAs of KJ, ~aj ~d OsJ were gro~ by the methods~~ -
. of ~mropoAous ~d of Obriemov ~d .Shubni~ov to s~dy the dim~-

co~er, ~d ~ of Ag1!0 wi~h'~ solz~ilAation oo~er emp~.oyi~

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'~'~:~'~'?2crystal gFo~ by Xirqpolou~, me,hod, the activator concentr~tion
' :~:~'.t ~may. v~ ~y up ~o .4Ct.per om; ~s i~omogenelty is l~gely due
~'~'.~ ,"~'go evaporation of the ao~iva~or froTM gae melg.
'?,:~..~.~:~1 .i~ the c~s~al i~ re~ly eo~ec~ed wi~h ~he
'! :.:,,tion~!h the mel~. Above 4.'x 10'4m�les T1/mole NaJ in the ~rys~al ghe relative l~esce~ce becomes less den~ndeng
� ,. concentration, so ~hat' even distribution of activator is less
~?':~-:~m~grt~g whpn ghis conoen~ragion is exceeded. Acgivagor disgri-'.'~.~
;:.::' ~ou~on was ~so. ~even in crystals groin by the me~od of Obriemo~
:- .- ~nd Shub~Rov. ~1 concert%rani'on was m~kedly aX'leered by the
.:.'-. rate of c~stal growth, Concentration of %he Ag activator in ,~:~ ::~' KJ c~stals remained ~ch~god when the ~o~t of A~
~?. ".-initial melt was increased by a factor of 2. Activator non. al'~
':~:.:" foEaity could be slimily :smoothed' og~."by diffusion when %he'.
?'~.. ": crystals were hca%ed 'for 7 days;?' ~ere ~e 5 fibres,,- . .:--'.
,: :.....~t.-~.,.....:
-

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]S~LYAYEV~ L..M. and PE~LSTE~, V. A. en~ PANOVA, V. P.

I-Acsdemichesky, Moscow
"Investigation of Activators Distribution in Alksli-Nslogen
Crystals by Radioactive Iaotop Method" (Section l~-13)-s paper subml~,.~d st
the General Assembly end International Congress of Crystallography, 10-19 Jul 57,
~ontresl, Csnsds.

C-3,800,189

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AUTHOR: .Be~ev~ L.~.,_Perlshteyn, V.A. and Panov~, V.P.
TITLE: Investigation of the distribution of actuators in al~li-
halide crystals by means of radio-active isotopes. (Issle-
dovanie raspredeleniya aktivatora v shchelochno-galoidnykh
kristallakh metodom radioakt ivnykh indikatorov)
PERIODICAL: "Kristallografiya, (Crystallography), 1957,
V�l.2, 'No.'3, pp. 437 - ~0 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT: Investigations were carried out for potassium iodide,
sodium iodide and caesium iodide crystals. Growth of crystals
by the .~yropoulos method is e~fected in an open crucible into
which the basic substance ~nd the activator ~re poured ,simul-
taneously. Owing to the differences in the melting tempera-
tures and in the v~pour tension of the individual components,
their volatility is non-uniform. In the given case, TlI has
a lower meltLug tempez~ture and a higher vapourtension and
volatilises more intensively; consequently, there is a decr-
ease in the TlI concentration in the melt with the progress
of growth of the crystal and this can cause non-~tform
distribution of the activator in the crystal, o~is factor
was studied by using a melt of 99~ KI and 1,% Tl~I, from
which specimens were taken at equal intervals of time and in
these the T1 concentration was determined from their relativ~

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?o-3-' 9/2o
Investigation of the distribution of actuators in alkalihalide
crystals by means of radio-active iso~opes. (Cont.)
$ activity. Th~esults of measurements have sho~n that
the content of Tl~I decreases iu accordance with an expon-
ential relation which is expressed by equation:
E~n = ~oe-l'lS(tn- to),
and graphically by the curve, Fig. l, p.~38. If a seedin'g is
introduced and the crystal begins to grow, the evaporation
surface decreases and accordingly, also, the loss of activator
material. The change in the T12D4I concentration in the melt
leads to a differing concentr~tion in the crystal and this is
graphically expressed by Fig. 2, p. 438. The distribution of
the activator in the crystal grown by the Kyropoulos method
is shov~ in the graph, Fig.5, and it can be seen from this
graph that the activator is distributed in layers and, thus,
layers which fo~ later contain less activator material due to
its evaporation from the melt. The lower concentration of
the activator material in the centre oi~ the crystal is attrib-
uted to self-purLTication of the substance v~ich takes place
during the lower speed of grawth of the crystal. The effect
of hermetic sealing has also been investigated and unde~ such

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70-3-zp/eo
Investigation of the distribution of ~-'ctuatoz's in alkal~d~lide
CI~Stals by means of I~dio-active isotopes. (Cont.)
conditions, the distribution of the activator in the crystal
was more uniform, as can be seen from the graph, Fig. ~, P.~39.
The addition of a radio-active isotope e~bled elucidation of
the influence of long duration annealing of crystals on the
redistribution in them of the activator due to diffusion. The
crystal of KI w~s heated to 600 U and held at that temperature
for seven days and, following that, it was slowly cooled dorm;
the concentration non-uniformities decreased but were not
entirely eliminated.
There are 6 figures and 5 references, 5 of which are Slavic.

ASSOCIATI ON:

SUBUITTED:
AVA ILABIE:

Institute of Crystallography Ac.Sc. U.S.S.R.
(Institut Kristallografii AN SSSR)
Uarch l, 1957.
Library of Congress

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SUBJECT~ US$~/Lu~inescence

AUTHORSs

Me~o, Oalanin MOD., Morgenshtern Z.L. and
Chizhikova Z.A.

TITLEs

PERIODICALs
ABS?RACT=

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Dependence of Oamma- and Photoluminescence Yield of Alkali
Iodides Activated by Tallium on the Concentration of the Acti-
vator (Zavisimost' v2khoda gamma- i fotol~uminestsentsii shche-
lochnykh iodidov, aktivirovannykh talliyem ot kontsentratsii
aktivatora)
Izvestiya Akdademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya, 1957,
Vol 21, #4, p 548 (USSR)

This investigation was aimed at olarification of the problem,
what is the concentration of an activator, for which the energy
transfer from the lattice to the activator proceeds with a
sufficient effectiveness.

Investigations were carried out with single crystals of NaJ,
KJ and CsJ activated by tallium, whose concentration was deter-
mined By the polaxographic method. The measurements of rela%i~e
yield due to excitation by light have shown that the yield
does not depend on concentration, that is, no concentration
quenching was observed within the limits investigated (up to

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TITLE,

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~8-~-28/~8
Dependence of Gamma- and Photoluminescence Yield of Alkali
Iodides Activated by Tallium on the Concentration of the Acti-
vator (Zavisimost' vykhoda gamma- i fotolyuminestsentsii shche-
loohnykh iodidov, aktivirovannykh talliyem ct kontsentratsii
aktivatora)
1.6xlO-~ mol.T1/moloMeJ).
The relative yield due to excitation by gamma-rays rises with
the increase of Ti concentration and approximates saturation at
the further increase in concentration. The values of charac-
teristic concentrations, at which the yield reaches half a
value of the maximum yield, are as follows: 5.9x10-5 mol.TI/mol.
NaS for NaJ-Tll 24.4zlO- mol.?l/mol.KJ for X~-T1, and < ~xlO-5
moloT1/mol. CeJ for CsJ-T1.
No references are cited.
INSTITUTIONI Not indicated

PRESENTED BY:

SUBMITTEDs No date indicated

AVAILABLEI At the Library of Congress.
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?0-~-2-26/26
AUTHORS: Belov, ~.V., Belyayev_~.~ Bokiy, G.B., Bronnikova, Ye.G.,
Vaynshteyn~ ~6~, G.B., I~r~ova, V.I., Kitaygorod-
skiy, A.I. and Pinsker, Z.G.

TITLE: The Fourth International Congress of Crystallography
(IV mezhdunarod~y kongress kristallografov) (Uontreal,
July lO-19, 1957)
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1958, Vol 3, ~r 2, pp 250 - 260
(USS~).

ABSTRACT: Outline of the scientific proceedings of the
conference.

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SOV/?0-5.-4--2 ~/26
AUTHORS: Belyayev, L.~., Perl'shteyn, V.A. and Panova, V.P.
TITLe: ~~he Distribution of an Activator in
Alkali halide Crystals by the ~ethod of Radioactive
Indicutors. II. (Issledovaniye raspredeleniya aktivatora
v shchelochno-galoidnykh kristallakh metodom radio-
aktivnykh indikatorov. II)
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1958, Vol 3, dr 4, pp 506-507 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: First part in Kristallografiya, 1957, ~ol 2, Pr 3, P 437.
Radioactive T1204I was added to alkali halide crystals
during growth to enable the movement o~ the cation
impurities to be followed. KI crystals to which T1Ol, TiBr
or TlI were added were studied to see the effects of the
anions on the distribution of the impurity cations.
~r82 and 1131 were also used as indicators. It is con-
cluded that anions of the activator influence only quan-
titatively the distribution of cations of the acti,~ator
through the crystal (KI - T1 salt system) but do not
iufluence the emission spectrum or the intensity of the

Oard 1/2

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SOV/70-3-~-21/26
Investigation of the Distribution of an Activator in Alkali
Halide Crystals by the Uethod of Radioactive Indicators. II.

scintillation of the crystal. The distribution of the
anions of the activator follows the same law of distri-
bution as the cations.
There are 3 figures and 5 Soviet references.

ASSOCIATION: Institut kristallografii AN SSSR
(Institute of Crystallography Ac. Sc. USER)
SUBMITTED: January l~, 1958

ward 2/2

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SOV/70-~-6-23/25
AUTHORS: ,~, Belikova, ~.S.~ ~ridkin~ V.E. and
Zheludev,
TITLe: On the Question o� the Electret State in ~aphthalene
(K voprosu ob elektretnom sostoyanii v naftaline)
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1958, Vol 3, Rr 6, pp 762-763 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Baldus (Z. Angew. Phys., 195~ Vol 6, p 481) reported
observing the transformation o� hetero-charging in a
naphthalene electret into homo-charging. This result
contradicts other work and experiments were carried out
to clarify the situation. Liquid naphthalene was allowed
to set in an electric field between~o A1 plates 5 mm
apart. The field of 4kV/cm was applied for 90 minutes~
The naphthalene plate was removed from the condenser and
tested with a dynamic electrometer. Heterocharging was
found. Discharging by illumination was then tried�
Integration of the discharge current gave an initial
charge of lO-8 coulomb/cm2. Repeated illumination gave
no further discharge current� Hence the heterocharging
is conditioned by localised electrons. Plates cut from
single crystals of naphthalene were then tried~ They
Cardl/2 were subjected to a field of 5 kV/cm for l0 min with U/V

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~0V/70-3-6-2~/25
On the Question of the Electret State in ~aphthalene

illumination. The charge density produced was about l0-10
coulomb/cm2. A similar charge density could be produced
by polarising in the dark. This shows that a sharp
distinction cannot be d~awn between the photoelectret and
thermoelectret states in naphthalene and that both these
phenomena are controlled by the same mechanism.
There are 5 references, 2 of which are Soviet,2 English
and i German.
ASSOCIATION: Institut kristallografii AN SSSR (Institute of
Crystallography of the Ac. Sc. USSR)
SUBNITTED: June 28~ 1958

Uard 2/2

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AiM'HORS: Del~ yeW, L. ~., Panov% V. P., Perl'shteyn~ V. ~.~ hS-l-J4/2o
Chadayeva, V. V,, Tsigler, I. N.

TITLE:

On the Growing of Spectrometric Crystals According to the Eethod Deve=
loped by Kyropoulos (0 vyrashchivanii metodom Kiropulosa spektrometri=
cheskikh kristallov).

PERIODICAL: Izvestiya AN SSSR Seriya Fizicheskaya, 195�, Vol. 22, Nr 1,
pp. 21-2.2 (USS~).

ABSTRACT:

Card 1/3,

It is pointed out that in the growing according to the method developed
by Kiropulos the activator evaporates during the growth at the expense
of a higher tension of the activator-vapors and at the expense of a lcw=
er melting-temperature of the activator. In growing according to the
method by Obreimov-Shubnikov a self.purification of the substance ~akes
place during growth and the activator is displaced into the upper part
of the crystal. Therefore, neither of this two methods .offers any possi=
bility of obtaining crystals with a uniform distribution of the activator
- If, however, the concentration of the activator in the crystal is in=
creased up to 4-5.1o-4 Mol T1J per NaJ-~ol, emission of light in the ac=
tivator-concentration becomes practically imperceptible. In order to ob-
tain such a concentration of the activator in the crystal by the growin5
of crystals according to the method developed by Kiropulos, it is neces=

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On the Growing of Spectrometric Crystals According to the Kethod
Developed by Kyropoulos.

Card ~/3

sary to. introduce an activator inth the set (up to 30/0) which re~ders
the growth, especially in the initial stage, very difficult. Therefore
measures for the reduction of the activator-losses at the expense of
evaporation are quite natural. For this purpose the authors cor~tructed
a hermetic furnace. In the cover of the f~nace is an inspection glass,
so that the process of the growth can be observed. The activator-losses
were determined by means of radioactive thallim~. It is shown that from
an ope~ crucib.~e almost the entire activator evaporates within 12-t5
hours, whereas in a hermetically closed furnace the activator concentra=
tion in the melt within 32 hours decreased by 2o�/o. Under consideration
of thisfact the authors calculated a set with such an activator-~ddi=
tion that the nonuniform distribution of the activator does not disturb
the spectrometric character of the crystal. The fact that the furnace
w,~ hermetically closed made a contact of the melt with atm,o~heric
midity ~npossible and thus a formation of bubbles in the melt was pre=
vented. The latter are the cause of the formation of dull spots in the
crystal. The reduction of the activator-losses permitted to obtain so=
dium iodide crystals of ~arge dimensions. Of the grown crystals scint~l=
lators were produced and tested. Crystals with a diameter of 55 to
and a height of 35 to h5 mm in the case of an excitation of them by

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On the Growing o� Spectro~uetric Crystals According to the Eethod
Developed by Kyropoulos.

means of a Cs137_preparation with the photomultiplier ~-24 showed
an amplitude dissolving power of 8,5.11�/olamplitudnoya razreshenSy~).
There is i figure.

ASSOCIATION: Institute for Crystallography AN USSR (Institut kristallografii. ,~kade=
mil nauk SSSR).

VAILABLE. Library of Congress.

1. Chemistry 2. Crystals-Growth

Card

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s/o58/62/ooo/oog/cm~ /069
^oo6/^~o~

AUTHORS

TITLE:

PE~IODICAL:

Belyayev, L. M., Belikova, G. S., Dobrzhanskiy, 6. F.

A crystallizer for the growing of organic crystals from a melt

Referativnyy zhurnal, Fizlka, no. 9, 19~2, 10, abstract 9E68
(In collection: "Rost kristallov. T. 3'", Moscow, AN SSSR, 1959,
lo2 - ~o~) ,

TEXT: A description is given of a crystallizer for growing single crys-
tals of low-melting organic substances' (for instance, naphthalene and tolane)
from melts by the modified St~ber method (F. StSber, "Z. Kristallogr,", 1924,
v. 61, 299). Glass crystallizer and thermostat are used. The crystal grows out
of an oriented seed, covering the plane crystallizer bottom .which contacts the
refrigerator. The advantage of the described unit is the possibility of obServ-
ing the crystal growth process.

[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]

car~

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24.7100

AUTHORS:

TITLE:

PERIODICAL:

ABSTRACT:

Card 1/4

760] O
:',0V/7 0-4- 5- 32/36

Belyayev, L, M., Vltovskiy, B V., Dobrzhanskly, G. F.
Some Changes in the Methods oi' Crystal Growth

Kristallografiya, 1959, Vol 4, Nr 5, PP 791-794 (USSR)

The three changes sucessfull.,; tested by the authors
are: (1) The temperature at the face of a crystal grow-
ing of molten phase chan~es because of the changing
solid ratio, changing concentrations of a~ixtures
liquid '
etc. Consequently, the composition of ~ro%~;n c~stals
may be uniform. To avoid the temperature change, a
heater was placed in the molten phase and slowly
pulled toward the growing crystal to maintain its
temperature, controlled by a thermocouple, constant.
(2) The crystals whose solubility hardly changes ~.:ith
temperature are usually, grown~ by_.. evaooration, of the
solution, for example, in the crysta].llzer developed
by Robinson. The changed variety of the method pro-
vides constant temperature of a growing crystal and

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Some Changes in the Methods oF Crystal Growth

S0�/70-~-5-32/36

Card 2~

absorption of the vapor. The crystallizer (Fig. 2)
consists of glass container 1, placed upon electric
heater 2, adjuster 3 providing a constant temperature,
thermometer 4, cap 5, mantle 6 for holding v~por-
absorbing cotton 7, capillary pipe ~.~].tb cock 9 to
control draining of the condensed vapor, rotating
magnet that rotates stirring rod 10. (3) Verneille's
method of crystal growth of molten phase is changed as
shown in Fig. 3. The quartz tube of the chamber
crystallizer, p~aced on plate 1, is heated by winding.
Crystal holder ~ e;-:~endtng through Wilson's packing
a joins reducer that transmits rotation from motor to
the crystal holder providing the !atter's rotation at
the rate of 2 rpm. Cap ~ and other parts join through
vacu~ packing. The chamber i.s p~unped out to high
vacu~n or filled in with inert or any other gas through
pipe B. The compressed powder briquet 5 of the compound
to be crysta].lized is placed Jn protecting mantle 3
with heating w:[n(l:[n~ ;in, a~ct is coa:.:.~at wii'h the crystal
or its seed 6 stuck o~ hh~~ ~.otatin?: crystal holder. T~e
briquet-to-crystal (tI.:;ta~.'e is con~.ro'lJed by movi. n~ the

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Some Changes in the Methods of Crystal
~ig 2

Card 3/4

76010
SOV/70-4-5-32/36

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Some Changes in the Methods of Crystal Growth

76o10
SOV/70 4-5-32/36

briquet-holding shaft up or down. The heater of the
protecting mantle melts the briquet gradually; the
molten matter drops upon the crystal and provides its
growth. The X-ray diffraction data proved that the
grown crystals were monocrystals. There are 4
figures; and 3 Soviet references.

ASSOCIATION:

Crystallographical Institute of the Academy of Sciences
of the USSR (Institut kristallografii AN SSSR)

SUBMITTED:

May 23, 1959

Card

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24.7100

AUTHORS:

TITLE:

PERIODICAL:

ABSTRACT:

Card

Bclyayev.,~.~.,.M?, .Dob~lm~,,�.,, . F., Chadayuva, V V.
~ph~5~'U~V" p .~crekalina, Z. B. Vari'alomeycva, V. N.

Growing Activated Lithium Fluoride Crystals

Kristallografiya, 1959, Vol .'I, Nr ), pp 794-795 (USSR)

The admission of impurities iato the structure of LiF
crystals to activate them ~'or dctcctio~ of thermal
electrons, as for example for use in scintillators, is
difficult, beca~mc of certain crystal-chemical properties
of the crystals. Thc authors have L;ro~'~n LiF crystals by
the ~ropoulos method in ope~ Pt crucibles. In each
case, a seed was attached to a cooler, protected by a
Pt mantle. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu, Ga, In, and U compounds were
added to the readily molten LiF. The luminiscence and
absorption spectra were ezami~ed by mo~ochromatizer UM-2
and spectrophotometer SF-4 respectively. The excitation
by ultraviolet rays disclosed thc highest luminescence
of LiF(Mg) crystals and of those activated by uranyl

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Grooving Activated LithiLu. F.[uoridc Crystals

ASSOCIATION:

SUBMITTED:

76o~
soY/7 o-,,~ -5 - 33,/36
compounds. The former zhowe~ higher absorpt~
LiF, ~ on than
specially of ultraviol-,- ~ . ~, -,
~nto?oity of thu L'~/~'..' u~ ~a,/,,. Tho
tion The uxcitation of the LiF cry~;tals, activated by
. ,- l-..,~oc prior to crystalliza_
uranyl , ,,p ~do, was hiL,;h by bot)~ "lectron beams and
X-rays. Thc scintillat '
was about /4~ ion intenzity LiF(U) crysuals
of that of N~I(T1) , oF ~ .
� Thoro are 4 figures;
and ~; references, 2 Soviet, 1 German, 1 U.S. The
latter is: R. S. Moon, Phyj. Rev., 13, 1210-121], 1~;~.

Crystallographical Instit~te of the Academy of
of the USSR (Institut kristal]o;]rafii AN SSSR) Sciences

Juno 15, 1959

Card 2/3

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~.4.7!o0

AUTHORS:
TITLE:

PERIODICAL:

ABSTRACT:

Card 1/3

77!26
SOV/70-4 -6-27/31

Belyakova, G. S., Belyayev, L. M.

Organic Mix-Crystals for Scintillation Counters.
Brief Communications

Krlstallografiya, 1959, Vol 4, Nr 6, pp 929-930
(USS )

The article deals with the luminescence spectra
of impure naphthalene crystals grown from a melt,
contaminated with 0.001-1.05 anthranillc acid,
methylanthranllate, 1,4-dlphenylbutadlene-l,3, and
1,6-diphenylhexatriene-l,3,5. The impurity contents
in the crystals are not studied, but the changing
luminescence spectra and light output indicate
the differing impurity contents in the crystals.
A change in the spectra occurs only if the con-
taminating molecules are similar to those of ';he
solvent with which they form solid solution, i.e.,
mix-crystals. There are 2 figures; and 4 ref~3rences~

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Organic Mix-Crystals for Scintillation
Counters. Brief Communications

77126
SOV/70-~-6-eT/31

Fig. 1. Luminescence
spectra of naphthalene
crystals contaminated
by various impurities:
(i) pure crystal; (2)
crystal contaminated
by 1,4-diphenyl-
butadlene (1~); (3)
by anthrani!!c iicid
(i~); (~) by
diphenylhexatriene
(o.~).

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Organic Mix-Crystals for Saintillation
Counters. Brief Communications

77~26
SOV/70-4-6-27/31

3 Soviet, 1U.K. The U.K. reference is: J. Birks,
Proc. Phys. Soc., 63, 36, 9A, 1944, 1950.

AES OC IATION:

Crystallog~ap~Qical Institute of the Acadett~ of
Sciences of the USSR (Institut kristallografil AN
SSSR)

SUBMITTED:

June 15, 1959

Card 3/3

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STARTSEV, �.I.,.otv. red.; ALEKSANDRO�, B.$., red.; BELYAYEV, L.M.,
red.; E~UDZ', V.G., red.; VOYTOVETS�~I~f, �.K., red.;
GALAI:IN, M.D., red.; DISTANOV, B.G., red.; �~L]I, IOV, A.P.,
red.; S~I. IENENEO, M.G., red.; SH~IO�SKIY, L.M., red.

[Scintillators and scintillation materials] Stsintilliatory i
stsintilliatsionr~e materialy. Moskva, Gos. komitet Soveta
1,iinistrov SSSR po'kh~m~i, 1960. 319 p. (MIRA 15:4)

1. Koordinatsionnoye soveshchaniye ~o stsintilliatoram. 2nd, 1,,.?,
(Scintiliation countera)

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$/07o/6o/oo5/oo~/oo~/ol 7
~.l} ~./E~60
AUTHORS: .Belya�gvI L.~I., Perekalina, Z.B. , Varfolomeyeva.~ ~ ,.~,. ,
_--.lra-n~ova, V, P. and- D0brzhanskiy

TITLE:
The
Luminescent Propertiesgbf Lithium Fluoride
Activated by Uranium~
PERIODICAL: Krist allografiya pp. 757 - 76O

TEXTg Crystals of LiF - U were grown by the Kiropulos method
in air� Uranium was introduced as uranyl nitrate or sulphate
in concentrations of O.O1 to 0.5 wt
� ,0. Crystals with 0.01%
activator had a blue-green luminescence and with 0.025~ and above
a yellow-green luminescence. The spectra of the luminescence
excited by a ~ercury lamp (~p~-~ (PRK.-~) with a Y~ (UF$-l)
filter) were measured with a y~-'~ (UM,--2) monochroma~or and an
T'3Z photomultiplier. A sorptionspectra were
measured on an ~)-~ ($F-~) spectrophotometer. The spectra are
reproduced. From 0.01 to 0.05% of the activator an e~fect was
discovered by which the bands of the luminescence spectrum were
displaced. The absorption spectrum was also displaced towards

Card

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� &

$/o7o/6o/o05/o05/o09/Ol7
~132/~360
The Luminescence Properties of Lithium Fluoride Activated by
Uranium

the long wavelength region~ It is shown that the presence of an

oxidising atmosphere which permits the formation of the U+6 ions
lsa necessary condition for the activation of a crystal by
uranium during its growth� The dependence of tile luminescence and
absorption in the crystal on the concentration of the activator
permits the use of luminescence analysis for studying the processes
by which impurities are distributed during the growth of crystals.
There are ~ figures and 7 references~ 5 Soviet and 2 English.

A~$OCIATION= Institut kristallografii AN $$$R (Institute of
Crystallography of the AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: March 11~ 1960

Card 2/2

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~158/~44 '

AUTHORS: _Belyayev, ~Koshuashvili, M. V., Chernyshev, K. S.,
Gor~Yn, G. I., Nechayeva, V. S.

TITLE, Growing crystals of lead fluoride and chloride
PERIODICAL: Refer~tivnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 13, 1962, 44, abstract
15B252 (Sb. "Rost kristallov, v. 5". M., AN SSSR, 1961,
5~8 - 541)
~XT= Cry~tals of ?~2 ~t~ a d~amete~ of Se~e~a[ cm are o~ta~e~
N2 atmospher~ usS.nC Stockbar~er~a methoSo S2ecial measures are takep for
complete removal of moisture from the a~2aratus sad res~e~tso
cryst~[[is~tto~ ~roceas~ ~r was ~assed through the farasce at s ~ressure of
0.1 arm. ~es~ results were O~ta[ned when t!~e crucible was Iowe~ed at
sgeed of 6 mm/hr. ~rom var~ous'eruoibles teated the best were lo,aG to be
o� ~a~h~te. S~le c~$tala of ~b�[2 ~ere ob~iaeQ ~y O~re~mo~
Shub~[kov~8 methoQ. The crystals are 6ro~ ia sealed ~Iaes sm~o~ies~

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Growing crystals of lead S/081/62/00o/013/o05/o54
"' ~15s/~144 -
are lowered into a ce'ramie tube with a niakel-ohrome heating jacket.
best re~ults are obtained when the crucible is lowerThe
0.5 mm/hr snd is rotated at 2 r ~ ~ - ..... ed at a speed.of /
the starting materials are described. Curves of optical density of PbOl2
'~ .... -~no~s ~or preparing and puri�y~n~
and PbF2 are obtained Whie~ agree with Pub~ished data. [Ab~traoter,e note~
ComDlete translation.~

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s/o58/6e/ooo/oo6/o58/~6
^06~/^~o~

AUTHORS: Belyayev, L. M., Perl'shteyn, V. A.

TITLE:

The use of radioactive tracers for the study of crystal growth

PERIODICAL:

Referattvnyy zhurnal, Ftzika, no. 6, 1962, 9, abstract 6E77
(In collection: "Rost kristallov. T. 3". Moscow, AN SSSR, 1961,
322 - 325. Discuss., 501 - 502)

Examples are given concerning the application of the radiographic
method to the study of the rules governing the entering of impurities into the
process of crystal growth. The authors have studied the character of activ~bor
distribution in alkali halide crystals grown in different ways, as well as the
character of impurity distribution in alum when growing crystals from solutions
supersaturated to different degrees. The data obtained by the radiographic
method illustrate the rules observed in crystal growth from solutions, and the
impurity distribution over different growth pyramids. The use of the radio-
graphic method in the study of crystal growth processes is shown to be sufficient-
ly simple and to expand the scope of investigations considerably.
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation] ^. M.
Card 1/1

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C~A-RDP86-00513R000204610013-4

Bellkova, O. S.,~_lyayev, L~__M..~__

Organic mixed crystals for scintillation counters

PERIODICAL~

Referativnyy zhurnal, Flzika, no. 6, 1962~ 58, abstract 6V400
(In collection: "Rost kristallov. T. 3". Moscow, AN SSSR, 1961,
316 - 321. Discuss., 501 - 502)

Luminescence spectra and scintillation capacity (with respect to
~%tlbene) have been studied on naphthalene crystals with luminescent impurities
belopg!ng to th~ following structural groups: condensed and noncondensed poly-
nuclear aromatic compounds, mud also anthranllic acid and its derivatives. The
growth conditions for crystals with impurities, and the production of scintilla-
to~s from them, are described at length. It is shown that the scintillation ln-
tena]ty oS naphthalene wlth impurities greatly depends on the concentration of
The latter~ with 1,6-diphenyl hexatriene, 1,4-diphenyl butadiene, and anthranlllc
~cid in concentrations of 0.4 - 1.0%, it is comparable with the scintillation in-
tensity of stilbeneo It is further shown that the conditions of an effective

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Organic mixed ~rystals for scintillation counters

~x~Ibat, i. on energy transfer from the basic substance to the impurity are not only
th~ ~nod over~aDp!ng of the impurity absorption spectra by the luminescence
spe~t:~.~m of the base~ but also the ability of these substances to form mixed
~ry~ta~ which may be judged by the geometrical similarity of impurity and base
n~ol eou~e$.

V. Arkhangel'skaya

[Abs~r~c%er's nc~e~ Complete translation]

C~rd ~/2

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3053?
s/r 4/Ol/OO3/OOO/OO /O
l)258/m04

AUTI~0R~
TITLE ~

Belikova~ G. S., and Belyaye~ L_~__L--.._~

Mixed organlc crystals for scintillation counters

SOURCE

Xkademiya nauk SSSR. Institut kristallografiio Rost
kristallov, Vo 3, 1961, 316-321

The authors studied the mechanism by which mixed organic crys-
t. als of improved luminescence are formed� Mix~ures of naphthalene with
up to 1% b.wo of a luminescent compound were used.. The latter compounds
could be divided into the following groups, (1) anthraeene-phenantrene-
chrysene ! (2a) diphenyl-p-terphenyl-quaterphenyl ~ (2b) dibenzyl-stilbene-
tol ane ~ (2c) 1,4-diphenylbu ta-I ~3-di ene (DPB)-I, 6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-
triene (Dl~H)-lsl,4,4-Letraphenyli~a-ls3-diene (TPB)~ (3) ant~hranilic
acid, methyl anthranilate-N-methyl anthranilic acid-N-phenyl anthr~uilic
acid� The mixed crystals were grown from a melt of the purified eom-
ponents~ using two methods~ namely, tha% of Lo M. Belyayev, Go So Beli-
kova, and G. Fo Dobrzhanskiy (Refo 3~ Akad. nauk SSSR. Roar kristallov,

Card 1/3

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30~37
S/564/61/003/000/008/029
Mixed organic crystals... D258/I)304

vo'2s 1959~ po 102) and that of Stockbarger. The intensity of scintilla-
tion was measured by the amplitude method (using ~3�-~. (FEU-29) ex-
cited by the ~'-radiation of Cs137) with a scintillation spectrometer.
Optical contact between specimens and the photocathode was provided by
vaseline~ The measurements were carried out with a half-elliptical
reflection coated with aluminum. Stilbene monocrystals were used as
standards and their scintillation intensity was taken as 100%. The
spectra of luminescence were taken on a SF-4 spectrophotometer using
the l~g line at 313 m~o These measurements showed the following re-
sults: (1) DPBs DPHs anthranilic acids and methyl an thranil ate greatly
enhanced the intensity of naphthalene scintillation. (2) This intensity
is a function of concentrations especially at lo~ levels. (3) The region
of spectra is displaced to the right, in comparison with that of p~re
naphthalene. Thus, the spectra of crystalss containing DPB, anthranilic
acid, and DPH show principal peaks at 392, 406, and 430 m~ ~ respectivelys
compared with 345 m~ from lmre naphthalene. (4) The spectra show two
peakst at high concentrationss however, one of them (attributed to naph-

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30537
~/564/61/003/000/008/029
Mixed o rgani c crys tel s. o. DE58/D304

thalene) vanishes. These results are interpreted by the authors in terms
of interaction between the two molecules in the crystals, ~uch inter-
action is a function of the similarity in struc~Alre and depends on the
formation of solid solutions. It was shown by A, Io Kitaygorodskiy
(Ref. 61 Kristallografiya, 2~ no. 4~ 456~ 1957) that such a formation is
conditioned by the similarity of both shape and size of the components.
Accordingly, the projection of naphthalene was compared with that of the
added compounds� The conclusions dra~n from these comp,tis,ns are in
agreement with the experimental results. Finally~ luminescence is shown
to be used as a method of estimating the quantity of the luminescent
compound having entered the composition of the crystal. The use of lumi-
nescence in analysis has been proposed by F. D. Element (Rolo 8: Trudy
Inst~ fiziki i astronomii Akad. nauk Estonskoy $SR, no. 7, 1958)o There
are 3 figures and 8 references~ 5 Soviet-bloc and 8 non-Soviet-bloc.
The references to the English-language publications read as follows:
I~ Bo Birks, Proc. Physo Soc., A., 63, 9, no. 36~ 1044~ 1950; E. I.
Bowen, Chemical aspects of light, Oxford, 1949.

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5/070/61/006/001/007/011
E032/~514
AUTHORS~ Belyayev, L.M.s Gil'varg, A,B, and Panova, V,P.
TITLE~ CsI(T1) Scintillators for the Recording of =-Particles

PERIODICALs Kristallografiya, 1961, Vol.6, No.1, pp.133-135

TEXT~ Jo Co Robertson and A. Ward (Refol) have reported a
CsI(T1) =.-particle detector having a low y-ray sensitivity� Other
similar detectors have been reported by Mo Lo Halbert (Hero2) and
Ho Knoepfel et ale (Refo3)o The present authors have investigated
the properties of GsI(T1) crystals havin~ diameters between 30 and
55 ~m,: Commercially available CsI(T1) crystals having a resolution
o~ less than 1% to 15~ at the Cs137 photopeak were selected� Thin
Cci(T1) s~intillators were prepared as follows. One end of the
crystal was polished and attached to a plane-parallel glass plate
2 mm %hick with the aid of Canada balsam� The glass plate had a
diame~em slightly greater than the diameter of the crystal� Thi~
wa~ done be=ause~ owing to the plasticity of the Cs~ crystai~ it is
hmpomtant to prepare from it a plane-parallel plate having a thick-
ness of le~s than 2 to 1o5 mm0 Nexts using a special saw, a piece
of the crystal was removed so that a plate 1o5 to 2 mm thick r~main-
ed on the glass support� Since the state of the surface has an

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CsI(T1) Scintillators

S/070/61/006/001/007/011
EO32/gSl&

important effect on the scintillation properties of the crystal,,
particular attention was paid to the purity of the surface and to
%he degree to which it was oolishedo The present authors have us~d
emergy paper M-2~ and M-10 attached to rotating metal discs and
cerium oxide on a rotating ebonite disc covered by natural silk
slightly moistened with ethyl glycol (Ao Eo Souch and DoRoSweetmal~
RefoS)o The characteristics of the CsI(T1) crystals were measured
us�ng a single-channel kicksorter and specially selected photo-
multipliers of types ~;3Y-'~ (FEU-2~) and
f~und that different ~sponses are obtained at d~erent points o:a
%he ~ur�ace of the crystal� Pigol shows the Am''~ =-particle li~e
obtained at different points on the surface of a ~ cm diameter
scintillator� The numbers refer to different points on the crystal
su=f'ace~ as indicated in the circle on the left-hand side (Figola).
F~$olb shows the response for a ground (1) and polished (2) surface.
Scinu�!lators with polished surfaces have batter characteristics.
Tab!~ 3 gives the scintillation characteristics of these crystals.
Acknowledgments are made to G,, F,, Dobrzhanskiy who supplied the
CsI(TI) crystals~ ~0 and ~ mm in diameter� There are 3 tables,
1 f~gure and 6 references~ 2 Soviet and ~ non-Soviet.
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:'/~7o/6i/oo6/ooi/oo7/oii
CsI(T1) Scintillators ..... ~O]2/E51%

ASSOCIATION: Institut kristallografii AN SSSR
(Institute of Crystallography AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: August 17, 1960

Diameter of crystal, Relative light
mm ,output
30 lOO
30 ' 109-111
40 98-109
50 88-91
55 88-94

Table 3

Re.~plution of the
AmZ'il a_linet
~.5-~

5.5-6.~

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s/o7o/01/oo6/001/010/011

AUTHORS: Karpenko, A.G., Belyayev, L.M., �itovskiy~
and Dobrzllanskiy~'-~'~ ............................. B.V.
TITLE: Crystalliser for Growing Crystals by the Evaporation
Method
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1961, Vol. 6, No. 1:
Pp. 146 - 147
TEXT: In spite o� numerous advantages o� this method
it has been relatively little used. Its main drawbacks are
a decrease in the volume of the mother liquor during
crystallisation; loss of solvent during evaporation (important
in the case of poisonous or expensive solvents) and
impossibility of obtaining a continuous process of crystal-
!isation without ha�in~ to fill the crystalliser with saturated
solutions. The latter is particularly important in crystal-
lising substances which are difficult to dissolve. The authors
propose a design of crystalliser which enables continuous
crystallisation by evaporation in a closed cr ystalliser without
loss o� the solvent: maintaining a constant level of the
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S/070/6l/O06/OO1/OlO/Oll
~073/E33~

Crys~alliser �or Growing .....

mother liquor� The crystalliser does not require any
pumping systems or any other forcing devices for maintaining
a constant level and the desired degree of saturation of
the solution� Transfer of the substance to be crystallised
from the solution zone into the space where crystallisation
takes place and maintenance there of the required saturation
Are by means of natural circulation~ including evaporation
of the solvent, its condensation~ return of the condensate
into the zone of solution of the substance and movement of
the solution into the zone of crystal growth� The crys%al-
llsero Fig� 1~ is mounted on an electric heater and contains
all the apparatus for maintaining and controlling the
� emperatureo It consists of three coaxial vessels, fitted
one inside the other, in such a way that the first (external)
and the second (middle) intercommunicate at the top whilst
the second and third (inner yessels) intercommunicate from
the bottom� The edges of the first and third vessels should
be above the level of the mo%her liquor whilst the edge of
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S/070/61/O06/OOltOlO/O!l
EO73/E335
Crystalliser for Growing .....
the second is a few cm below the level of the mother liquor�
The first vessel is intended for dissolving the crystallised
substance and for receiving the condensate� It also serves
as a settling vessel and a thermostat. The second vessel
serves as a carrier of the solution and has a seal preventing
the falling of germinations from the zone of dissolution into
the crystallisero The third (internal) vessel is ~he
crys~allisero The communication between the lid of the
~rystalliser and the first cylinder is by means of a ground
surface� In a crystalliser of this designs a "continuous,,
complicated cycle of mass transfer from one state into another
takes place� The crystalliser is filled with a solution
which is saturated at a given temperature,, The degree of
filling can be seen from Fig. 1o At the bottom~ between the
walls of the first and the second vessels~ the excess material
is f~d in which is considerably greater than the weight of
the crystal to be produced. The geometric dimensions of the,
YBssels are so chosen as to obtain an evaporation surface i~
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5/070/61/o06/ool/olO/oll
EO73/E535
Crystalliser for Growing .....
the first and the second vessels~ which is considerably
smaller than the surface in the third vessel. During operation
of the crystalliser condensation of the solvent will occur
at the inner surface of the lid and the top part of the first
vessel� The lid is made semispherical or conical so as to
ensure that the condensate returns only into the first vessel
where dissolution of ~he recrystallXsed substance takes place
as a result of continuous inflow of solvent. Since the
vessels intercommunicate, a constant hydrostatic level difference
is maintained: which is governed solely by the difference in
the density of the solution in the first and third vessels
and in the system as a whole constant concentration flows will
estab.Lishe themselves.~ as shown by arrows in Fig. 1o The
solvent evaporated from the third vessel is replaced by a
quantity of solution of equal mass from the first vessel� In
this way~ there will be a continuous transfer of th~
crystallising substance from the solution zone into the
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S/070/61/O06/OO1/OlO/Oll
EO73/E335

Crystalliser for Growing

cryst~lliser, as a result of which a constant saturation
is maintained in the crystalliser0 The specific degree of
saturation will become established at a given temperature
which hardly changes at all with the growth of the crystal�
Under otherwise equal conditions the degree of saturation and
consequently the speed of growth of the crystal is controlled
by changing the temperature of the solution� Furthermore,
equipment can be designed which permits changing (increasing
in the case of a positive temperature coefficient of the
solubility) the evaporation surface of the first and the
second vessels in accordance with a given programme~ The
temperature field of the crystalliser has a small gradient
directed from the bottom upwards. The thermal ef�ects of
the reactions in the system are localised and can be easily
taken into consideration� ~lechanical mixing of the solution
in %he crystalliser is by means of a magnetically actuated
mixer� The reliability of the described crystalliser was
verified under laboratory conditions for a number of substances,
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s/07o/61/0o6/001/010/011

Crystalliser for Growing ......
including substances of low solubility� Figure 2 gives a
photograph of the equipment. There are 2 figures and
1 Soviet reference.

ASSOCIATION~ Institut kristallografii AN SSSR
(Institute of Crystallography of the AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: May 26: .1960

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BELYAYEV, L.M,; ~ITOVSKIY_, B.V.; DOBRZHA~JSKIY, G.F.; KARPEN~iO, A.G.

Modified crystallization tank. Kristallograflia 6 no.2:286-287
Mr-Ap '61. (~IRA 14:9)
1. Institut kristallografii AN SSSR.
(Crystallization)

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s/o7o/6l/oo6/oo~/oo6/oo7

,,~._~,,uit$: Belyayev. L.M. Shakhovskoy, GoP, Smirnov,

TITLE: ~owing of Ca~i~ Sulphide Crystals at Elevated
~essures
P~IODICAL: Kristallo&rafiya, 1961 Vol. 6 No. t
pp. 6~1 -,6ii ' '
T~T: Mention/nE work of other authors~ it is stated that
interesting ~esults were achieved by Medcalf and Fahrin~
(Ref, ~ . j, Electroch~, Soc., 105, 719-721, 1958), The
authors of this paper developed more simple apparatus for
growin~ cadmi~-sulphide crystals~.It consists of a thick-
walled cylinder ~ w/th a Cover 2 , which is fastened by
eight bolts ~ . The ti~htenin~ of the cover is accomplished
With Pressure rin~ 9 and two Easkets 8 , The cylinder
carries four electric input l:.ads 10 , two of which Co~ect
the thermoco~ple ~ and t~other two CO~ect the heatin~
el~ent 7 ~ The Cover has a T-shaped pipe 1 which carries
a manometeF and a valve for fill/nE the cylinder with an
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$/070/61/006/00~/006/007
Growing of Cadmium Sulph~e Crystals.. EO?3/E335
inert gas. Inlet 6 is used for purging the cylinder before
an experiment, For thermal insulation, the entire internal
volume between the walls of the vessels and the reflecting
screens is filled with masnesium oxide or al~ini~ oxide, To
improve the cooling o~ the cylln6er w~llm ~he entire cylinder
im placed into a container with ru~in~ water. The heating
element is a spiral of molybden~ wire which surro~ds the
crucible containing pressed CdS powder. The crucible is made
of pure ~raphite. Tests were~conducted in whzcn the t~perature
was gradually raised to 20-30 �C above the meltin~ point of CdS,
maintained for 1,5 hours and then lowered at a rate of ~0 �C/hour.
It was fo~d that the optim~ growth of crystals is achieved at
1~0-180 arm. pressure of the inert gas, which corresponds to an
initial pressure of 80-100 arm. In the tests, columnar CdS
single crystals were obtained, which grew to~ether, parallel to
each other. The single crystals could be easily separated from
each other by fracturing, In most cases the c axis coincided
with the vertical. ~is of the ingot. The gro~h of these
crystals was initiated from large CdS crystallisation centres ~

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� s/o70/61/006/00~/006/007
Growin~ of Cadmium~Sulphide CrystalsEO?~/E33~
formed at the bottoTM of the crucible due to the Tact that the
heat was removed primarily through the bottom. The produced
single CdS crystals are of an orange colour, they axle trans-
parent and. in thin layers; the intensity of the coloration .
along the height of the in~o't differs"somewhat; Dri~hter �
sections form at the beginning of the ~ro~h of the crystal , .
and darker sections form at the end. In experiments carried
out at. temperatures considerably above the CdS fusion tempera-
ture, the centre part of the ingot contained.a large quantity
of fine cavities and bubbles, which is obviously associated
with partial dissociation of the CdS. The weight losses during
crystallisation did not exceed 10%. '
There are 3 figures and 6 references: 1 .Soviet and
~ non-Soviet. The three En~lish-laz~guage references quoted
are: Ref. 1- R. Frerichs -Phys. Rev., 72, 7, 59%-60i, 19~7;
Ref. 3 -A. Addamiano- j. Phys. Colloid. Chem., 61, 9,
1253-125~, 1957; Ref. 5 (quoted in text).

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,t

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Growin~ of Cadmium. Sulphide Crystals
ASSOCIATION:

S UBMITT ED:

Card ~/~

S/070/61/006/00~/006/007
� � EO75/g~55
Institut kr/stallosrafii AN SSSR
(Institute of Crystallosraphy of the
AS USSR)

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22878

AUTHORS:

TITLE:

PERIODICAL:

s/o8 /6 /olo/o05/oo6/o 5
BlO2/B214
Belyayev, L. ~., Gil~varg, A. B'., Panova, V. P.
CsI(T1) scintillators for the recording of a-part!c].es
Atomnaya energiya, v. 10, no. 5, 1961, 502-503

TEXT: The authors investigated the possibility of preparing large CsI(T1)
crystals for scintillators 30-55 mm in diameter with high resolution for
the purpose of a-particle detection and spectrometry. The CsI(TI) crystals
prepared in the Institut kristallografii AN SSSR (Inst,.tuts of Crystal!o_
graphy AS USSR) as well as industrially manufactured crystals were used
for the preparation of thin scintillators. The carefully polished thin
crystal plates were glued to 1.5.2 mm thick glass bases. The character~tics
of the CsI(T1) scintillators were taken by the help of a one channel
scintillation spectrometer with the photomultipliers of the t~Te ~9Y-24
(-~U-24) and ~)~-29 (FEU-29). For scintillators of ~hickness O~4 and O. 2 mm
with diameters 30, 40, 50, and 55 mm spectral resolution~ of 14-~2 %
~FEU~24) and 11-18 % (FEU-29) were obtained on excitation-
with aloha
particles of pu2~9. The alpha radiation used was monochromatic up to +

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22878

s/o 89/6 V'o 0//005/006/0 5
Cai(TI) scintillators for the recording.., 3102/3214
The degree of inhomogeneity of the system scintillator _ oho~omultiplier
was investigated by means of a moving alpha source Am241,� On displacing
the source from the center to the peripher,
the amplitude of the alpha peak by 30 ~ an~ there resulted a decrease in
a corresponding deterioration
in resolution. The inhomogeneity is d -
of the activator in the alkali halide ~dt~tt~;- ~nSomogeneous distribution
� h/bits Itself in a deoendenc~
of the light yield at the place where the alpha particle ~ppea%s. fn the
scintillators discussed here it does not amount to more than 4~ ~hi~h
corresponds to a fluctuation of the spectral resolution by 0�4-0.5 p, An
investigation of the difference of sensitivity in the different parts of
the photooathode of FEU-29 showed that at a distance of 15 mm from the
center of the photocathode the Am241 alpha peak undergoes an amplitude
decrease of 25-30 %o That means that the inhomogenei~y of the photoca%hode
of the photomul%iplier is the principal cause of the error appearing fn the
photometric measurement. In all 14 thin Cai(T1) scintillators 30-.5~ nm in
diameter were prepared, The following results are obtained for central
excitation by Am2~l alpha radiation when the source d~ameter was ~ mm:

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CsI(T1) scintillators for the recording...
Diameter of the source in mm

5O
55

22878
~/08~/61/010/00~/006/01~
3~02/32~4

Spectral resolution for &m241 alpha
particles, %
3.5-4.0
4,.O-4,5
5.5-6.3

5.2-6.3
The spectrometric parameters of the scintillators depend on the thickness
of the crystal and the surface treatment. When the thickness changes from
2 to 0.2 mm (for 30 mm diameter) the resolution is improved from 4.2 to
3~5 ~. By polishing the cut surface ' �
4.1% from 4�5 % a~ ~ ......... ~he resolution could be b~
1 figure and .- ..... ~ ~a or lzght increased by ~ ~
6 references. 1 aov--~ ~- - ~ � P' -,~=r~ are
� ' ~ ~e~-ozoc and ) non-Soviet-bloc. The most
~mportant references to English-language oublications read as follows
Z. Robertson A Ward. Proc. Phys Soc., .~, No. 3 523 ~1959); ,~ Halbert.
?bye. Rev., ~0_..~7.., ~o. 3, 647 (1957). '
SUB~ZTTED: October 17, 1960

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32048
5~10 ~ '~ S/O~l/6~/Oll/O0~/O08/O~8
~aOa/Ezg2
AUTHORS: Bonch-Bruyevich~ A.Mo~ Kovalev~ V. Po~ Belyayev~ LoM0~
and Belikova~ G~S~ ---
TITLE~ Study of the kinetics of the sensitised luminescence
of certain additives in naphthalene crystals
PERIODICAL~ Optika i spektroskopiya, voll~no~5~ 1961~ 623-628
TEXT: Studies of photoluminescence of naphthalene crystals
were carried out using the followin~ activating additives:
anthranilic acid (A/{); l~-diphenylbutadiene-lo3 (DPB)~
l~6"diphenylhexatraene-l.~,5 (DPH)o The time of decay of the
activatin~ additive was measured by means of phase �1uorometero
The crystal was excited within the absorption bands of
naphthalene skeleton (ioeo kB = 315 m~)~ and the activator at
kB = 365 m~o In the case of AK molecule (which is similar to
naphthalene) a simple replacement in the lattice of the latter was
thought to be the most likely mechanism� DPB and DPH molecules~
although quite differen~ from the naphthalene molecule~ were
considered to be able to replace in the lattice two molecules

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32048
Study of the kinetics of the o~o S/051/61/011/005/008/01�
E202/E192
naphthalene each. The molecular concentration rat!~ of AK/NAPH
was 000002~ and DPB/NAPH = DPH/NAPH = 0o0003~ so that the X~ray
measurements did not disclose any changes in the lattice
parameters� However~ the changes in the luminescence properties
were indicative of a true solid solution� The specific times of
light persistence and the times of light persistence for low and
high concentrations of activators are given in Table lo The
actual process of the energy migration in a crystal was explained
as follows~ during the absorption of light in the lattice of a
molecular crystal� an exciton is formed which moves within the
regular field of the lattice with the characteristics of a
diffusion process� The exciton is localised in the ex.;ited field
near the activator~ part of its energy is scattere,d and finally
ii is captured by the activator� Hence the total measured time
of the persistence of light consists of three stages~ 1 - time
of exciton diffusion~ 2 - time of exciton~s lice in a lo,;alised
state~ 3 - specific time of light persistence of ~he activator�
Each of these times was evaluated� There are 4 �iEures~ 3 tables
mhd 20 referenc~s~ 8 Soviet.-.bloc, 1 translation into Russian from
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32048
Study of the kinetics of the ~.. S/0~1/61/011/005/008/018
E202/E192
non-Soviet-bloc publication, and 11 non-Soviet. The four most
recent English language references read as follows:
Refoll: I. Birks, PhysoRev., Vo9%~ 1567: 195~
Refol~: SoCo Ganguly, NoKo Choudhury. Rev� Mod~ Phys v~31 920~
1960o �~ ~
RefolS: Oo Simpson� ProcoRoyoSoco, A238~ ~02~ 1957,
Refolg: DoCo Northrop. O. Simpson, ProcoRoyoSoco, A23~, 136, 1956,
SUBMITTED~ December 9~ 1960

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23.6
S/048,/~ 1 ~25/004/045/048
~2'~---�-. ~ ~0 B117/B209
AUTHORS: B~?lyayev, L~ ~,~o, Dobrzhanskiy, C~ Fo, and Feofilov, p. p.

TITLE: Luminescence of uranium-activated lithium- and sodium
fluoride single crystals

PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheskaya,
Vo 25, no~ 4, 1961, 548-556

TEXT: The present paper was read at the 9th Conference on Luminescence
(Crystal Phosphors) and contains data on the luminescent properties of
uranium-activated lithium- and sodium fluoride single crystals. The
single crystals were grown from a melt according to a method by �~yropoulos.
The activator in the form of urany] nitrate was added in concentrations
of 0~01 to 0~3~o In the visible range of the absorption spectra of the
crystals concerned, weak bands with a clear structure as well as a strong
absorption in the ultraviolet range with several blurred maxima can be
observed at room temperature. When temperature is lowered to that of
liquid nitrogen~ the long-wave bands are split up into a large number of
very narrow lines� The luminescence of LiF-U and of NaF-U single crystals

Card 1

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221~6
S/048/61/025/004/045/048
L~mminescence of uranium-activated ,.. B117/B209
may be excited in the long-Wave region of the absorption bands as well
as in the u!traviolet region~ The structural character of the
luminescence spectra is clearly distinct already at room temperature�
Cooling gives rise to many lines the wiSth of which in many cases is only
fractions of an angstrom� Nany of the lines can be counted as resonance
lines since they occur in the luminescence- as well as in the absorption
spectra� The only law which so far has been found in low-temperature
luminescence spectra is the existence of equidistant series which
contain particularly bright lines that have been always observed in all
samples. In general, the luminescence of LiF-U and NaF-U single crystals
excited by linearly polarized light is partly polarized� The degree of
polarization clearly depends on the mutual position of the crystallographic
axes of the sample and on the electric vector of the exciting light
(azimuthal dependence), on the wavelength of the exciting light
(polarization spectrum), and on the wavelength in the luminescence
spectrum� In the study of the azimuthal dependence (provisional results
for LiF-U are found in Reft 5; Po ~ Feofllov, Optika i spektroskopoya,
~, 842 (1959)) the authors found an orientation of the luminescence
centers along the fourth-order symmetry axis� The curves taken for the

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22196

S/04~/61/025/004/045/046
Luminescence of uranium-activated .~o B11?/B209
dependence of the degree of polarization on the wavelength in the lumi-
nescence spectrum showed a characteristic, though not quite understandable
shape~ (The authors thank Po Io Kudryashev for the device by means of
which the curves were taken)� This shape can hardly be the object of
a serious discussion since it is the rather complex result of superimposi-
tion of elementary radiations, which are clearly manifest in the
investigation of cooled crystals� The polarization spectra of the crystals
examined resemble essentially the polarization spectra of most of the dyes.
The presence of highly polarized lines in the luminescence spectra of the
crystals concerned permits employing the method of the luminescence
polarization diagrams which has been suggested by So Io Vavllov (Ref. 11:
Zho eksperimo i recto fiz., 10, 1363 (1940) and Sobro socho 2, 58, 1952).
With the help of this method~'-the nature (multipole order) o~ elementary
oscillators can be clearly determined in most cases~. The results of the
determination of the multipole order are complle~ in the table, showing
that the long-wave section of the luminescence spectrum is formed by
linear oscillators. The group of short-wave lines in the LiF-U spectrum
is described by circular oscillators Ce and Om~ The results of these

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$/049/61/025/004/045/048
Luminescence of uranium-activated .o~ B117/B209
studies show that the luminescence of hexavalent uranium ions ds to be
regarded as a superposition of forced electric and magnetic dipole
radiations~ It was found that one of the two principal electron vibration
series observed in the spectra of the crystals concerned is formed by
electric, the other by magnetic emitting dipoles~ The sub-series ~ the
NaF-U spectrum are also formed by one kind of emitters, viz�, eith~ by
electric or by magnetic ones� In this way, the level schemes sho~ in
Fig~ 9 can be set Upo They describe the principal lines in the re otively
long-wave section of the spectrum of these crystals, which begins with
the resonance lines of the longest wavelength~ Io Po Shapiro is mentioned�
There are 9 figures, 1 table, and 16 references: 13 Soviet-bloc and
3 non-Soviet-bloc.

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~_~_BEIJYAYEV, L.M.~ kand.fiz.-matem.nauk

Conference on monocrystals. Vest. AN $S$R 31 no.11:99-100 N
'61.
(Crystallography__Congresses) (MIRA14:ll)

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ACCESSION 1TR: ,4.T4016304
$/0000/62/000/000/0~79/0182
TITLE: Investigation of luminescence durin~ crystal fracturin~. Duration
of luminescence

SOURCE: Vses. soveshch, po fiz. shchelochnogaloidn, kristallov. 2d, Riga, 1961.
Trudy*. Fiz. shchelochnogaloidn kriscallov (Physics of alkali halide crystals).
Riga, 1962, 179~182

TOPIC TAGS: luminescence, crystal fracturing, Criboluminescence, luminescence
duration, crystallography, alkali halide crystal

ABSTRACT: In an e��ort to extend the limited knowledge o� the phenomenon
known as triboluminescence~ the authors sec up an assembly ~htch Permitted
1) unt�orm de!orma~ion' of crystal samples aC the point
atmospheric Pressure or in a vacuum lO-$mn; 2) synchronous recordin~ of the
de�ormation Curve and �1ashes occurring during de�ormacion; 3) counting the
total ~lash number; and ~) de~erminir~ the shape o� the �1ash pulses and
es~imaCintl their length, Samples o� LiF, NaCl, KC1, CsI and Iii-T1, shaped .
as3 '3 '6~
i'-~.Fa;~-:....1/2 _ =etragonal prisms, Vere subjected Co mouoaxial compression 'and

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AC~ESSIONNR: AT4016304 '-

elongation in a dark chamber using a Dubov mi
allows an absolut .......... crom~chanical tes~il~ device which
e cv~w.=~on or e~ongation rate of 1.0 , 10'% to 1.5 . 102
mm/min, The radio-electron pulse recording system, operable at $-$0 mv on a
wave front up to 0.06 ~sec~ consisted essentially of two FEU-29 photomultiplters
examinir~ the pulse duration and shape and activatin the
marion curves on which flashes are rec~-~-~ _L., .~-=~ . oscillograph. Defor-
~=u =a~.=u uzrrerent patterns for dif-
ferent crystals. At a set compression rate of 0,5 mn/m{n, LiF and GsI were
found to produce most numerous flashes
� ' ,, � , while NaC1 and K I-T1 were generally
znact~ve. The authors thank K,P. Bondarenko for Participating in the assembly
design and V.P, Panova and C.G. Bendrikova for participatinE in the experi-
ments.'' Orig, art. has: 3 figUres.

ASSOCIATION= Ins=ltu~
AN SSS~)

'-- 2/2
Card

S~D:. =00

SUB CODE: PH

kristallografii AN SSSR (Institute of CrysCallography

/
DATE ACQ: 06Mar64 ENGL: 00
NO REF SOy: 004 OTHER: 001 -

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s/07o/6~/o07/0o4/006/016
E132/E435
AUTHORS: ~e~_v~ L~M_~_~_Nabatov, V.V., Martyshev, Yu.N.
TITLE: The time of illumination in the processes of tribe-
and crystallo-luminescence

PERIODICAL: Kristallo~rafiya, v.?, no.~, 1962, 5?6-580
TEXT: Tribe-luminescence is the excitement of light from'a
crystal by mechanical means and. crystallo-luminescence is. the
production of li~h~ during the crystallization of a salt.
Specimens of the alkali halides LiF, NaC1, KC1, CsI, KI(T1)
in the form of pris~.s, 3 x 3 x 6 mm, were examined in an adapted
apparatus for measur~nE the mechanical properties of small
crystals. It was e~acuated and two photomultipliers were used to
record the emission of light from the crystal on mechanical
deformation. The photomultiplier and extensometer records were
exhibited simultaneously on an oscillograph and were pho~oEraphed.
It was concluded from this preliminary study that in tribe-
luminescence it is essential to describe the character, especially
the speed of the mechanical deformation, which th~ crystal under~o~,
The fraction of photoluminescence in ~ribo-luminus�~nce is small
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s/oTo/6z/OOT/OO~/Oo6/o16
The time of illumination ,,. E132/E~35

(if it exists at all), An electric discharg~ is produced on
breaking a crystal and an electromagnetic pulse (picked up on a
small antenna) accompanies the light discharge. Crystallo-
luminescence, observed in the crystallization of barium chlorate
and ~laserite is due to the tribe-luminescence of these crystals
in the solution, There are 4 figures.

ASSOCIATION: Institut kristallografii AN SSSR
(Institute of Crystallography AS USSR)

SUBMITTED: September 21, 1961

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S/OTO/6z/O07/O05/OOl/Ol~
E132/E~60
AUTIIORS; _.3~e.l~Y~,y~x.;.~,.~...,..Chernov, A.A.
TITLE: The growth o� crystals and the study of the kinetics
of their formation
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya,' v.7' no.5, 19~2, 659-66)
TEXT: "Editorial review", e~h6rting attention to general
and specific topic in crystal growth such as:
Nucleation of crystals, mechanism and kinetics of the motion of
i~terphase boundaries, formation, of metastable (for example
defective) crystal structures at finite rates of growth.
1) Nucleation. The use of the electron microscope to obtain
in�ormation on the micros~ructure of nuclei is urged. The
quantitative dependence of nucleation on conditions (transport,
temperature, concentration etc) in the mothe~ liquor must be found.
2) Growth rates. Studies of the microprocesses at the
boundaries and of the bulk process (heat flow in mother liquor,
material transport etc) are needed.
~) Defect formation: microscopic and macroscopic defects.
Interaction of impurities with the growing crystal.
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The growth of crystals ...

S/O7O/62/oo7/o051OOl/0~
E152/E~60

The effect of impurities on tho dislocation structure.
The production of dislocation-free crystals.
Special demands: production of crystals of super-pure materials by
methods not employing crucibles. Improvement~ to the Verneuil method.
Zone melting. Crystallization with a steep temperature gradient.
Growth from non-aqueous solutions. Crystallization az a result of
chemical reactions. Development of control devices for
regulating crystallization. Obtaining thin single crystal layers
of semiconductors etc. Liquidation of gaps between theory and
practice. For the successful solution of problems of growth
kinetics it is necessary to organize interdisciplinary collectives.

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AO~SSION ~: ;~300.0791 S ' '

T~: Linear electrooDtlcal ~ffcet'in ~Q'sta!9 of
(~o~ro~_n~ C su~ ~ H sub 12 N sub 4

SOrrOW: }~ist~llo~ra�iya, v, 8, no. 3~ 1963,

TOPZC TAGS: h~thylen,t�t~Zn�_ ~otropin, eleetroo3tLes! ~=o~., q~q .... t
,~!~ctrooptical constant ~

........ ~. ....... stud)' was undertaken bccaus~ th~, on]v %'o ~'~, ...... '~'~"
c.~ .... a_~ i~ith s~fic!~nt el~ctrooptica! effect for ~>ra,:tical u~-~ '(ZnS m~d Cur, l)

o~ ,~ ........ *.--1 ~ . . - .............,.o O::)%ai~. Thc ~'~+~-.
..... ~.. h.~.. ...... '~,Jo'-ene~tr,~n~ by sub:Lhmtion * .... n 'vacut~ a,~z fotutd ~- to form
~"~ .... cross fn tho ~lc of th~ field aha a ~-~ ' b, or~.~ about, t; ..... :~-.
~ .... '~'~h~ area~ in t,h~: c~nt~rs of thc .('o,~' etmdrnnts, '..f:ma an clcctr-Lc:.<
....... ~ ...... at rlght and!es to the d'~'-c~ ~ ,~ , ~ ~ -,~ ....
~,0 ]0 kV~ +L~ 1-~'+ .~ .. ~ . , - :~'-- . .... ,--~.-~".'.., ,~,_,a~.~,. ~,~
. proved to be lin~ar~ th~ change depending on th~ aoolied ~ '" '
~=rd 1/2 .................
voltage. :~ ~"~ -- [his

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L 1~8.10~6~
-~.C~SSIO~
NR:
~P3000.;91 .....
~ ~ ~ �
~.i,mar e,l~et !t %,as im~ossibl~ to

t. be dark cross. Results show h~xa~,~,
previously used material It
.
of the spactrum. Orig. art. has:

Institut

sss,a)

Sb~Ml~. TED: 02Feb'3
SUB CO~: O0

DATE ACQ: 21Jmu63 ENCL: OO
NO REF SOV: OOO ON~--~q: OOO

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BELYAYEV~ L.M.; N!kBATOV~ V.V.

Irregular tr~bolumine~cence in itthium fluoride crystals.
KristalloErafi~a 8 no.6:927~928 N-D'63. (MIRA 17:2)
1. Institut k'ristallografii AN SSSR.

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C~A-RDP86-005~3R0002046~00~3-4

, .ACCESSION KIt: AT4040553 S/2564/64/004/000/0089/0091
AUTHOR: Belyayev, L.M. }~Dobrzhanskiy, G.F.; Bagdasarov, Kb. S.
! TITLE: Some changes/n the ~nethod of growln~ crystals from a melt

SOURCE: AN SSStl. Institut kristallografii, ltost kristallov, v. 4, 1964, .89-91
TOPIC TAGS: crystallography, crystal growth, crystal 'cultivatiun, crystal shape, lithium
� Lt'luoride, cesium iodide, naphthalene

iABSTRACT: To facilitate the process of growing crystals of prescribed size and shape, the �
� authors designed the modified set-up shown in the Enclosure. T'~'~' set .up consists of an
ielectrical oven (1) with thermoinsulation (2) into which, on a movable stand (9), a.crucible
'.with a reactant (8) is placed. The crystal holder (4, 6) is fixed on the suppo~:ts (7, 11) and
'can be rotated by the motor (5). to bring the seed crystal (10) into the desired pOsi.tion, where
it is fixed by the clamp (3)..Using this set-up, the authors obtained crystals of LiF and CsI
.at a rate of 20-25 mm/hr with a 6-8 mm thick seed crystal, and crystals of naphthalene at.
: a rate of 25-30 mm/hr with a 7-9 thick seed crystal. C.rystals of prescribed thickness with

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; ACCESSION 17~: AT4040553 ........................................... ' ........ '

~practtcal]y any dZameter eau be obtained us! the . '
~ temperatures in both zones Of the ...... ,~_n~_ a.ssemb.ly A constaut dist~u~lo
~'"'~o- ,= msurecl and t~e nos-j~-~,, ........ )_n of
elastic stresses In the ~'owlng crystal is eltmlnnted, The slope of the growLu~ crystal can
be changed by ch~r~ the slope of the crystal holder. "The authors thank �. p Belov '
i {deceased) and A. ~. Z{evorkov for their assistance iZ~ ~esignin~ the set-up, and ~, ~. Netesov
and K. S..Cherny*shev for conducth~ the crystall~z=t~on experiments. Or~. art. lmm 3
A~OCIATION= Inst~tut ]crZstaJ]o~raf~i AN ~1~ (Institute of Crysta]lob, raphy' AN $$~I~)
j. SUBIY~I~TED: 00 '

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ACCESSION

AT4.040553 ~. :':':::::::::l/. ,~ ENCLOSURE:$ . . 01
Flg. 1., 8~h~maflo dlalrr~m of tho apparatus.

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AlY~0R$.: ,_]~ely~w~-b~N~L BendrL~ova, 0, 0,
TITLE~ Tnfluence of e~ontaneo~s ~o~ari~tion on the ~iel~ of photostJmulated
exoeleotron emission for %rig].~oineaul�e, te cz'yata'ts

S0U~CE, ~'izL~a tverdogo. '~ela, v, 6, no. 2, 1964, 645-647 .

TOPI~ TAGS: spontaneous polarization, photostimulated emission, exoeleotron
emission, triglycinesulfate, ferroelectric crystal

ABSTPu~CT: The influence of spontaneous polarization in ferroelec%ric crystals on ,
the yield of photostimulated exoelectron emission was investigated using ferro-
electric triglycinesulfate sheets 1.5-2 mm thick. Polarization was p~'oduced by an
electric field of about 4000 v/cm with the electrodes mounted on the (010)
sue'faces. The results are shown in Fig. 1 of the Enclosure. Curve ~ was obtained
for the unpolarized sample and curves b1 and c1 for the illuminated surface, charged.
negatively and positively~ respectively. Curves b2 and 02 are the corresponding
results for a repeated cycle. It is uncertain whether the results are due to a
decrease of the work function conditioned by the domain cfi
or to a direct filling-u~ _ . ent_ati4s in the crystal
__ _ by electrons of the crystal surz-aoe leve2s. The authors
LCard J/~."

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FAOOES~IoN ~': AP401}540 ~'- ..... ;. ~''

thank V. M. ~rid~in for advice and consideration of the results ~nd V. P.
Konsta~tinova and L. A. Shuvalov for providing the crystals. Orig. art. has, 1
diagram.

ASSOOIATION, Institu~ ~is~l~ografii AN SSSR Moscow (I~sti~u%e o� Ox~s~allosrmphy'

' DATE ACQ: 0~5~r64 ENCL: 01
SUB CODE: PE NO ~F SOV: 001

r~

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ACCESSION NR~ AP4043386

s/0181/64/oo6/oo8/2526/2528

AUTHORS.- ~_~y~ayg_v.:...~.:. M.; 8elikova, G. S. ;' Dobrzhanskiy, G. F.;
. Nemesov, G. B.; Shaldin, Yu. V.

TITLE: Dielectric constant of crystals possessing the electro-
optical effect

SOURCE= Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 6, no. 8, 1964, 2526-2528

TOPIC TAGS~ dielectric constant, dielectric loss, electrooptic
vice, phosphate, optical communication, ir communication

ABSTRACT: The authors measured the.dielectric constant s and the
loss angle tangent tan6 in the frequency range from 102 to 40 x 109
cps of the crystal NH4H2P04 and KH2P04 relative to the corresponding
values for air. The dispersion properties of these constants are im-
portant because the electro-optical effect in crystals is used for
broadband modulation of electromagnetic.radiation at optical and in-
frared wavelengths. The test procedure and the formulas for the
rcg~ 1/4 '

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ACCESSION NR: AP4043386
.!

determination of the quantities of interest are taken from the book
by A. R. H�ppel (Dielectrics 3nd Waves, N.Y., 1954). The data lead
to the conulusion that the bandwidth properties of modulators which
use the eleCtro-optical effect in these crystals is limited to the
centimeter Wavelength band by the increase in thermal effect, which
lead to breakdown of the crystals. Similar tests made on c~bic
crystals (~(CH2)6 and CuC1) show N4(CH2)6 to be preferable for
these purposes because they have a smaller loss angle in the milli-
meter band, and because the phase velocit~ of the light wave is
equal to the phase velocity of the microwave. Orig. art. has: 2
tables.

ASSOCIATION:
of Crystallography, AN SSSR)'

SUBMITTED, .~ 24Jan64

SUB CODEs OP, SS

Institut kristalografii AN SSSR, Moscow (Institute

NR REF SOY: 000

ENCL: 02

OTHER: 004

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A0~SSZ(~ XH~. AP4043386

~alues of � and tan~ lc= uniaxial crystals

107
10~

lOS
'9.8.
9.4.10~
3.96. lOlO

NH,H~PO, I KHsPO,

16.0 -+- O.S 55.8 '+' 1.5
15.9 ~ 0.5 5%0 4.1.5
15.5 ~' 0.5 56.0 ~ 1.5
15.3 -+- 0.5 55.8 -~ 1.5'
15.0'*'0.5 55.5~ 1.5
14.7 -*- 0.5 55.3 ~ 1.5
14.0 ~ 0.5 55.0 4- !,5

0.1 21.8 =~ 0.5
� 0.065 ' 21.3.+.__0.5
0.018 20.8 ~-0.5
O.OOS 20.1 ~ 0.5
o.oos
0.041 19.7~5
0.08 19.6_4- O.S

43.'7 '-'- 1.5
43.3 4.1,5
43.2 -s.. 1,5
43.0 __~ h5
42.5 � 1.5
42.3 "'- 1.5
42.0-- 1.5

0.06
0.008
0.002
0.0006.
0.0005.
0.0008
0.0g0

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A~I~ }1R1~4043386

VAlues of ~

and tan6 for cubic crystals

10,1 I 2.5 '~' 0.2
lO~ I 2.5 -*' 0.2
lO~ � 2.5 ----. 0.2

0.1
0.065
0.018
O.OOS
0.00~
0.005
0.005

2.5 � 0.2
� 2.5 -~ 0.2
2.5 4- 0.2
2,5 "+' 02
2.6 4- 0.2
2.6 ~ 0.2
2.6 � 02

�

0.04
O.Oll
0.001
O.O0O8
0.0008
0.0008

10.o � o.5
9.8 � 0.5

9.2 -'-' 0.S
8.8 � 0.5
8.6 '" 0.5
8.4 .a.. 0.5
8,3 � 0,5

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EHCI,C~uRg~ I)2

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ACCESSION NR: AP5000686 S/O181/64/O0,/uz~/37z7/372~�

AUTHORS: __Be~.l.y_~ev, L. M.; Dobrzhanskiy, G. F.; Pisare. vski�, Yu, V,;

TITLE: Electro-optical properties of copper chloride and ~

SOURCE: 'Fizlka tverdo~o %ela, v. 6, no. 12, 1964, 3727-3728

TOPIC TAGS~ electrooptiCal property, copper inorganic compound,
. refractive index

ABSTRACT: The authors measured the total electro-optical effec%
copper c'nloride and copper bromide crystals~ obtained from a m~it
and annealed. The experimental setup is showm in Fiq. 1 of
closure. The samples were oriented by x-ray diffraction and by
etch figures, with final orientation based on the maximum of the
effect. The electrode9 on the sanrple were sputtered in vacuum.

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ACCESSION NR: AP5000686 ~

values obtained for the product of the cube of the refractive index
and the electro-optical coefficient were found to be, at 525 and
675 nm respectively, 29 and 34 for CuCl and 22 and 25 for CuBr.
The low values obtained for this product are probably due to the
presence of stresses in the crystal and to inaccurate orientation.
"The authors thank N. V. Glika and O. K. Mel'nikov for help in the
orientation of the samples." Orig. art. has: ! figure, 2
and 1 table.

ASSOCIATION:
of Crystallography AN SSSR

Institut kristallografiiANS$SR, Moscow (Institute

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NR REF SOV: 000

SUBMITTED: 10Ju164
SUB CODE: OP, SS

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ENCL:

OTHER: 002

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Block diagra~ of se~]p for the r~asu~nt of %h=~
electre~ptical effect.

1 - mcnochrcraatcr, 2 - polarizer, - 3 - quar~_r-~%~
4 - crystal sa~vle, 5 - anal~=er, 6 - high votta~
7 - ~~ctor~ 8 - mi~l{voltr~t~r, 9 - uu%i%~rsal

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ACCESSIONNO: AP4012285

$/0070/64/009/001/0117/~)119

AUTHORS: ~Be~yayev, L. M.; Nart~r*ehev, Yu. N,

TITLEz Tribolumineeoence of lithium fluoride

SO~RCE, Erietallografiya, v. 9, no. 1, 1964, 117-119

TOPIC TAGS: lithium fluoride, triboluminescence, P~ 3 hardness ~auge, FEU 16A
photoamplifier, PC 64 N counter, DESO 1 oscillograph, OK 1~.! oscillograph

ABsT~tcT: .This study of tribolumin~sccnce in lithium fluoride crystals was conducted
in order to solve the problems left untouched in the previous work by L. N. Belyaye~,
V. V. Nabotov, and Yu. N. ~arty*shev (Kristallografi~a, ?, 4, 5?6-580, 1962). For
measuring microhardne~ the aoparatue P~-3 was usedi s~ecimen~ could be rotated in
a horizontal olane. I~ ~lso recorded ohoto~lectrically the flares of light. A
diamond ~vrs~id and two steel oones (with 600 end with 900 verte~ ar~les) were used
~s indenters. The ohotoam~ifier FEU-lgA was mou~ted vertically on the sta~e of
the P/~?-$, and the sp~c~ene wer~ f~ed on the cathode of the ~MU. Recording o� the
light ~modls~s w~ a~aomo]ished w~th the counter PS-6&-M (through an mmnl~fier USN-
lO)and with oscillograph DESO-1 or 0K-171~. Specimen~ in the form of ~lates
(15 x 15 x I mm) w.re broken out alon~ cleavage planes of heat-treated crystals.
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