SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BAKUSHINSKAYA, O. A. - BAKUTO, I. A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000103130002-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 6, 2000
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

MLNU.)rIMiMIAP U*A.; btWVA, L.
--. ~,
Incremaing the yeast )-iold from raw materials by meana of
growth
promoting svbitances prepared from natural product.r. Trudy
TSNIIKIIP
no.10.151-158 162. (FdRA 18t2)

------ -----
L l9h29-63 Ew(')IBWIFCC(W) AMC/ASD/IJP(C)
ACCMSION M: AR30053M b/WJ+/63/O00/006/VO08/V009
SOIRCEt .Me llatamaii)mj Abs. 6V23
AMM: Dakuehi~naj�b A. Bb; Vlasoyj V* Ka
TMEM Computation of exoiton, energy levols with tho aid of a
continual-integral
,;CXM SOURCE: Sb. rabot Yjaghiak, teentra unr-ta,, ve 1., 1962,,
1Q)-119
TOPIC TAGS: Honte Carlomethod., exoitonp continual integral.,
eigewaluop eigon"
functions Laplace operators. Hamiltonian operators, Schroodinger
equation., Green.
functions, Cauchy problem
IONs The authors consider the equation
TRANSIAT
(XI
having the same en6rgy spectrum. (eieenvalue* of the Hamiltonian
operator H) as.the
Schroodinger equation of quantum mechanics

L 19429-63
ACCBSSIOX Mt AR300086
Tho Green funotion,g-, the Cauchy problem foF,equationji) has the
form,
where
and ige~values'and eigard'unctions of tho operator H,..
rospootively.
0 n(x) are thi a
The authors omplor the integral with reapoot*to Wiener's measure,,
and to compute the:
"lower energy level't (30) of the cocciton study the asymptotica of
the continual
integral
SO-11M 14exp ji. V) dr x (t). (2)
whore C Is the apace of function x(Ir x (0) 0,
7 r
dwx(t)-CXP dT nds(T).
In the case~oonsidersd .b3r.+.he authord the Hamiltonian has the
forms
del
z~; A'. -, rks
V 01 q! -I ~ ...
07 c0' VV14sin kri + sin kr,) qt)

L 19429-63-
Acmssim nsit AR30o3386
,where is Planok's constantp m., is the electron maeop is the Laplace
operator
Me I
W is the froquonoyof lattice osoillationp v is thQ volvme of the
crystal, r, is
the vector dcacribing the electron positionp r-'2 is the vector
describing the posi-
tion of the "hole"., qkp'qk 'are the generalized coordinates and
velocities. of the
lattice molceulos. The integral with respect to Vioner's measure
appewing in the j
rieht-hand side of (2) is computed approximately by the Montoe Carlo
method* rhe
computation technique is described* A brief description of the
program is given,
The computations were carried out on a "Strola-411 computerb D.
Topolymkiy
DATE ACQz 24JU163 SUB CODSt RUp PH BWLt 00
Card 313

BAKUSHINSKIY A.B.1 VLASOVt V.K.
A method for the numerical solution of Dirichlet's
problem for
the Laplaoe equation, Vych, met. i prog. 11141-151 162.
(MIM 1518)
(Differential squations-Numarical solutions)

3/16 62/004/012/027/052
IM25 102
YB
Lyubimovp V, No, Venevtosvp Yuo'Nej SolovIyert So Pop
AUTHORS:
Zhdanov9 Go S.jand Bakushinskiip As B.
TITLE: The dipole structure and the Internal electric fields in
?bZrO 3
PERIODICAL: Fisika tverdogo tolat v- 4.1 no.'12, 1962, 3543-3550
TEXT: The most probable values of the internal electric fields
and,field-
induced electron dipoles are calculated for i PbZrO crystal.on the
basis
3
of the; model of point dipole structure. Usin*g the method
developed-by
So P. Solov'yevj Yu. No Venewtsev, Go So Zhdanov (Kristallografiya 3s
4730
1958)p tho,,dttermination of the 28 different projections of the
electron.
dipole moment* was reduced to the solution of a system of 20 linear
algebraio equations for 28 unknowns. The structural sums which are-
necessary for the eet-up of these equations describe the fields of the
infinite sublattices of the unit charges and unit dipoles, the numbqr
of
which exceeds by far.1000. Both the structural sums and the system.of
Card 113

The dipole structure and the ...
S/181 62/004/012/027/052.'~
BI 2 5YBI 02
equations itself were calculated in various modifications using the
electronic computer "Strelalle The effect of all structure
sublattices on
each of the 40 atoms incorporated in the elementary cell was taken
into
account. The variant P was determined by extrapolation for the
3 .24
parameters e Pb . 1.27, e Zr a 1-731 e0 . -11 a Pb - 4-32-10' CM30
' 0.80,10- 24 CM30 a
- 2.26- 16-24 cm3. a
a
denotes the effective
Zr
I
0
charges and a I denotes the electron polarizabilities of the ions*
The
small value of P S within a certain. temperature interval makes it
possible
to establish a correlation between the data obtained from structure
and
those from dielectric studies. At room temperature, the Lon
polarization
for the above-mentioned values of the parameters is compeneated'by
electron
polarization. Henceq the PbZrO 3crystal is antipolarized and very
similar
to an anti-electrete Results* similar In principle$ are obtained for
any
of the ton arystallographid polar olasses,of pyroolectrice
(*leotrets).
It Is assumed that at least the direction of most of the projections
of
the electron dipole moments and of:the internal fields corresponds
to the
Card 2/3

S/iSt/62/004/012/027/052
The dipole structure and the B125/B102
real. struotures oUPbZr0 at room temperatures The displaoemont of the
atoms may be attributed to nonelectrostatic forces. The highest field
-
strength acts on the Zr ion, In general the internal field strength
increases with decreasing ion polarizabilitys The rules found for
PbZrO
3
resemble those governing the ferroelsotrio crystals BaTiO and PbTiO3*
3
It would be useful to Investigate PbZrO3 under pressures There are
7 tables,
ASSOCIATION: Fisiko-khimichookiy institut Yes Karpovaj- Moskva
(Physicoohomical Institute imeni Le.Yao Karpovs Moscow)
SUBMITTED: July 91 1962'
Card 3/3

L '"'077-6.1 r7r,,d)/FCC(*),-~M AF-1.-
ACCESSION XRi AP3001 110 S/0208/63/003/003/0374/0580
,53
A M OR : Vlasov, V. K.; Bakushchinskiy, A._B.__
TITLE: The method of potent &Is and numerical solution of the
Dirichlet problem
ace equations
for the ~aZL_
SOURCE: Zhurnal vychislitellnoy matemattki I matematichookoy
fiziki, v. 3, no. 3,
1963, 574-580
TOPIC TAGS: numerical solution method, Dirichlet problem,
Laplace equation
ABSTRACT. Tho approximate method developed by N. N.
Bogolyubov and N. M. Krylov
for the uumerical solution of Integral equations of the
theory of potentials is
applied to the numerical solution of the exterior' Dirichlet
problem for the Laplace
equations. The approximate value of the harmontc function and
the estimate of the
approximation error are derived for the cases when the
boundary of the domain is
a smooth curve and when It is a convex curve with some
rectilinear portions. It
is noted that the method presented can be easily realized on
an electronic computer
and makes possible much faster calculation of the values of
harmonic functions at
discrete points than other numerical methods. Numerical
results of two examples
of solving the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation by
the method described
Card 1/2

L n077-63
ACCESSION NR; AP3001110
are presented. The program was written for the "Strela" computer
and reAlized
for any number of partitions of the boundary curve and for any
arbitrary domain.
"In conclusion the authors acknowledge their deep gratitude to A.
N. TikhLQILOV for
his valuable counsel In discussing the present work.11 Orig. art.
hj-&t25 equations
and 3 tables.
ASSOCIATIONa none
SUBMIMD: 13Apr62
SUB CODEt MH
DATE ACQ: lOJun63
NO REF SOVi 007
ZNCLt 00
OTHERI 002
Card 2 /2

BAKUSHINSKIYo A.B. ----
, .
Method for solving Id*generate" and "almost.degeneratew
linear al-
gebraic equations* Zhurt vyobe mat i mat fix* 3
Ao*6tM3-11U N-
D 163, (KURA 1731)

UMIty, t ", I"Ze2l fttA7Cn of -VftjZ oQaatj--. ro-. "t"
S--itMlee !DT' 't IaT
I - ,- I . I - ... I I. ., I . I -,I - . ~- ~- , e - --.
-

- - BAKUSHINBSTY,,~- -(Moskva)- -- -_ -_
Numerioal method for solving Frodholm Integral squtions of
the first orders Zhure vyoh,, mate I mate fiss 5 nc,,4t7"_749
Zl.Ag 165, (KMA 18 18)

DAIMBINGKIT --V-N*---- - -
# 0
Ot-
7A~~~-S**WAOAL
Eovanisation of laboratory work In physics In the
secondary school]
Organizatelis, laborstorAykh rabot yo fisike v
arednel shkole, PortoZe
Moskva. 0o@. uo& red. Izd-vo Warkopross WWSR.
1946.12) MNLRA 714)
(Physics-laboratory satmle)

RA_i~!Lf, F_. i%. .
I - __
"Determining the Upper Limits of the Degree of Stability in
Single-loop
Systems with Derivative Actionj," Research in Physics and Radio
Engineer-
1M MOSCOW) Oboronglz~ 1958, p. 123s
The book Is a collection of 13 articles vritten by Instructors
and graduate
and undorgaduate students of the Ymcow Inet. of Physics and
Technology.
The articles discuss problems In radio physics, optics and
physics.

BMM, P. A.
Upper values of stability degree of single-circuit
systems involving
disturbafteas of derivatives. Trudy MI noo2o*123-133 1
38,
(IGRA 11112)
(Automatic control)

9 (2t 3)
66311
BOV/162-59-1-4/27
AUTHOR: Q,Bakut, P.A.
.1 ..................... 10
TITLE: The Theory of Correcting Codes With an Arbitrary
Basis
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vyashey shkoly, Radiotekhnika
i
elektronikao 19599 Nr 1, pp 26-36
ABSTRACT: The author discusses the problem of finding the
maxi-
milm possible number d, for which there is an n-place
code with the basis at containing N signals$ when the
shortest distance between the signals is a. Amethod
of constructing such codes is found, if
n = M,a-L N!l where M and L are
(M + 1)1 jj (a L)! L!
the quotient and the rest from the division of N by a,
while 1 is any full number, It was found that these
codes have the highest d/n ratio. An estimation of the
above and the asymptotic formula (for large n) are gi-
ven, for d in the general case. The author discusses
Card 1/3 a coding system in which the signals are sequencest
Lk;"

66311
SOV/162-59-1-4/27
The Theory of Correcting Codes With an Arbitrary Basis
consisting of n elementary pulse trains of a types.
Such signals are designated by the sequence
Y a (xl' X29 0 * * 0 xn)
where each symbol x1 has one of a values: 11t 12t
la. A set of sequences of the aforementioned type are
de gnated by D, which contains all different sequen-
ce:i. The errore arising during signal transmission may
be detected and corrected, if not the entire signal
set of (1). is used, but some subset Dl instead, consi-
sting of N signals. When constructing correating codes,
it is necessary to find the maximum possible number d,
at which the subset Dl may be selected from N signals
of the signal set D; the smallest distance between
these signals is equal to d. The code formed in this
case by the signals DI enables to detect and to oorrect
the maximum number of errore with given N and n. This
problem has been investigated in a number of papers
Card 2/3 for example by R.W. Hamming ZRef 12, V.I. Siforov
2~ef
W

66311
SOV/162-59-1-4/27
The Theory of Correcting Codes With an Arbitrary Basis
g7 and R.R. Varshamov ZRef 37. However, a full solu-
tion of this problem has not been found as yet. The
author's paper is a now approach to this problem and
produced some new results. The author introduces the
so-called t-functions. A more detailed study of t-
function sets will possible lead further to a solution
of the problem discussed in this paper. There are 3
referencest 2 of which are Soviet and 1 American.
SUBMITTED! July 2, 1958
Card 3/3

AUTHOR, Bakut, P.A.
TITLE: --F-stimate of maximum
parameters
S/142/62/005/003/002/009
E140/E435
likelihood of normal signal
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vyaahikh uchabnykh zavedeniy.
RAdiotqkhnika, -
v.5, no-3, 1962, 326-330
TEXT: Tho purpose of the article is to estimate the maximum
likelihood or the parameters of normal random signals, e.g.
radiolocation return pulses. The normal random signal is
defined on an interval of time (0,T) by its mathematical
expectation *0(t,(9) and correlation function k(tNs,& ),
where 0 is an unknown parameter* All*statiatical parameters
of the normal signal are thus defined. The problem posed by-the
author is reduced to the solution of a certain integral equation.
An important practical case is that where the time of
observation is great with respect to the correlation time, with
stationary signal. A simple solution can be found for this
case. An example is given of the measurement of the frequency
of a fluctuating signal with superimposed white noise. There
Card 1/2
/'0-
ie

S/142/62/005/003/002/009
Estimate of maximum likelihood ... E140/E435
are 2 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Kafedra,Moskovskiy fiziko-takhnichaskiy institut
(Department of Moscow Physicotechnical Institute)
SUBMITTED: August 3, 1959 (to the Editorial Office of NDVSh)
February 4, 1960 (to Izv.VUZ Radiotekhnika)
Card 2/2

BAKMt P.A.1 BOLISHAKOVV I.A.;-GRRA V, B.M.;
KURIKSHA, A.A.;
INp V.0.1 TARTAKOVUlYp O.P,p pref.1 SHIROIOVp V.V.;
ALSKSANDROVA, A.A.j red.; B&LYAYEVA, V.V.p tekhn.
red.
(Problwn of the stati Voprony at&-
~14~al theory of mdarl
tiotlaheekoi teorii radi6lokataii. (B71 P.A.Bakut i
dr.
Pod obehobel red, O.P.Tartakovskogo. Moskva,
Sovstakoe
radio. Vol.l. 1963. 423 P. (Mtn 160)
(Padar)

"AT

a am-! nn thA anrv

I Y., N v : --
I *. , ~

POD/Pss-2/F-wT(ItAEC(k)-2/T/EWP(k) IJP~c) WR/WG
AP6011445 SOURCE CODE: UR/0109/66/011/004/0643/0652
SW
AUTHOR: Bakut, P A.
ORG. none
.TITLE: Potentialities of location by signals having quantum
structure
SOURCE: Radiotakhnika i elektronika, v. 11, no. 4, 1966. 643-65Z
TOPIC TAGS: optic radar, radar engineering
ABSTRACT: A method of radar receRtio Is considered in which
field amplitudes
are recorded; this method preserves the information associated
with the coherence
of received (lasor) signals (cf. J. P. Gordon, Proc. IRE, 1962,
50, 9, 1929). Only
the potentialities of such a method are considered. A quantum
field is generated
by several sources, e.g. , by targets that disperse probing
signals. The
parameters or even the existence of some sources is assumed to
be unknown. The
.Card 1/2 -UDC: 621.378.9;16121.396.91

L 36190-66
ACC NR: AP6011445
possibility of observation of field. amplitudes in a restricted
region is assumed.
Using a simple scalar field as an example, the possibility of
detecting the'sources
and the finding of limitations imposed by the fielci quantum nature
are explored. It
is found that the quantum structure of the signal is responsible for
certain statie-
ticaa errors in signal detection and its parameter evaluation. Error
formulas are
similar to those in the classical coherent-signal white-noise
problems. The
,signal-to-noise ratio Is represented by E,, t-'). which means the
average number
of photons in the observed space. Orig. art. has: 58 formulas.
UB CODE: 17 SUBM DAMW 16Jan65 ORIG REF., 005 OTH REF-. 003
Card

BAKUTAI O.M.
, I - ~- , ,
The "Zavety Lonim" Collecrtive Farm struggles for
large
orops. Zemledelie 25 no.llt28-30 N 163, (MIRA 17t2)
1, Starshiy agronom kolkhoza "Zavety Lenina"
Uott-Labinskogo
proisyodetvannogo upmvleniya, Kmanodarokogo kraya.

SOV/11~2-57-5-10487
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Elektrotekhnika, 1957,
Nr 5, p 136 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Nekrashevich, 1, G. , Bakuta, 1. A.
TITLE: On the Problem of the Mechanism of Electric Erosion of
Metals
. (I voprosu o mekhanisma elektricheskoy erozii metallov)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauch. tr. fiz.-tekhn. in-ta AS BeISSR, 1955,
Nr 2, pp 167-176
ABSTRACT: The authors present a discharge mechanism that
attempts to explain
erosion caused by impulse low-voltage discharge. According to
the theory set
forth in the article, after the formation of a channel, its
current density
changes only slightly during the greater part of the discharge
period. The
erosion is considered to be a result of multiple explosions
due to shifti'ng of the
channel within the discharge area and due to overheating of
the metal by high-
density currents. Investigations of the sweeps of discharge
spectrum have
disclosed the existence of nonpariodical pulsations of
spectral-line brightness
and have corroborated, according to the authors, the veracity
of the mechanism
suggested by them.
A. 1. K.
Card I / I

hMMHI&VICH9 I.G.1 RAKUTOI, I.A.
bependenoe of the efficiency of an electric erosion unit on
the frequency of successive discharge pulses and on the
average
current intensity, DAL AN BSSR 6 no.51308-310 MY 162. OMA
15:6)
1, Fisiko-tokhaichookiy inatitut AN USSR. Prodstayleno
akademikom AN BSSR V.P. Severdenko.
(Electric discharges)
(Eleatrodes)

NEKRASHEVICHl 1.0.1 BUM I A
txL.=-*
Problem of the dependenoe of the electroerosion on the
length
of the discharge interval in apparatus with RC cirouits,
Zhur,-
takh.fis. 32 no.SoW-W It 162. (MIRA 150)
I, Fisiko-tekhdoheskiy institut AN BSM iq kafedra
iksperimentallnoy
fidU Belorueskogo goeudaret"nnogo universitats, iLani
M.Lenina,
Minsk.
(Ileetrio metal cutting)

11

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L 2714-66 ENTMAPAW-2 IJP(c) GG
ACCMION NRt AP3017177 MV0139163100010o3loo"10035
AUMOR: Nokmaboviebo 1. it-: ~Sy 16-1;0" VV/
TITIR t Concerning electronic breakdown of -414
of nonelectric energy "IrLOIL'In the Presence Of a a
somm rAm. risikep no. 3# 1965p 53-55
TOM SM dleleatrie breakdown# beat balmncej, ton bam*ardmt
MMACTs Ask analysis of the energy balme equation In general form Is
used by
the authors to calculate the conditions under which breakdown by
electrons takes
place In a dielectric which receives energy not only from the
electric field but
also fran another sourcep such an a source of Ionizing radiation.
2be beat re-
leased In the dielectric Is assumed to be an additive quentity,,
and the beat pro-
duced by the tons Is n%leatede The br*&Mmm condition to defined an
the flow of
Infinite current. An analysis of the beat-balance equations and Its
modifications
shows that different variants of breakdown criteria can be
obtained, d"anding on; ..
the relations between the parameters of the equationso This In a
reflection of t1W---!-
evertimentally observed variety In the type of electric breakdown
occurring in die.!
lectrIesp so that WW conclusion concerning the Ayplics1bility of
the theoretical
Card.. 2/.9

L 2714-66
results vIU depow on an anmrou Of the &CtMI OXMIMDW data. Orig. aft.
mol a fmow. i
ASSOCIATMI nsiko-telftichookly 1nditUte AN NOR (Ftysicotedmica
Jutitute
AN ISSR)
Ob"63
IMM 00 m cmi wp
Im mw 8wo OD3 02M ODD

L 2006-66 EWT(d)/EK-T(m)/EWP(W)/IWP(k)/Wil(t)/FMP(b)/EWA(c)
EM./JD/Irvi
ACCMBION NRs AP5017696 UP/0250/65/009/006/0376/o3le
AUTRONs Nekrashevich# 1. 001 Bakuto to A,
1ITLEs On the Influence of"e'up-Plementary energy on the plastic flow
of solids
I
I13OLMCE: AN BOSH, Dokladyt To. 9j no,. 6# 19659 3k-376
ITOPIC TACM& plastic flow,, .1astic deformationVdaromation rat*
ABSTRAM' The additional Vnergy in question is introduced In the form
of ultra-~
:sound, shock vayesp or heating with electric current connected with
partial die-
.placement of matter* and by other means# Analysis of the heat
balance equation
yields an expression for the stress cot*onent due to the
supplementary energy$ and
-yields a differential equation for the mass flow, The solution of
the latter goes
.over into the standard Pfandtl formula in the a4ence of
supplementary energys The
tpresence of supplementary energy increases the rate of plastic
deformation In pro"
portion to the added energy. This report was presented by V. P.
Severdenko.
.9ris. art. hast 10 formulase
IATIONs 1PUlko-tekhoicheskiy Institut AN BSSR (Physicotechnical
Instituteiff
:=; Belorusekiy gosud'arst"my univervitet ivis Vf, 14 Lenins,
(Belorussian State
ivni relty)
-!Card 1/2

BAKUTA9 N.K.,, inzh.
Improvement of a scraper convoyore Stroismat. 9 no.12t2O
D
163o (MIRA 170)

NIN',.-
~ I.- .. -
Foshan'-syIng ttw gathering C." ShIlvin93 In c factory,
:*#r0.,7r1,.
ID no.". I 3t) !,p 1fjj4 0 ( Y: 1 - : 5 11

BAKUTAj-A!!--
Casting ambestoo-o&iment pipes in lk cio#od cycle of industrIal
water. Strole nate 10 no.60-9 Je 164. (MMA 17%10)
k'.
VI

SUDHITTEDs IbSspb4 EHCW 00 SUB CODE: MM
4012
ATD PRESSt

$ v *
*Investigation of Problem in the Distribution of
Underground Sanitary
Engineering Lines Under Streets and Squares in USSR
Cities," Thesis for
degree of Cand. Tech. Sci. Sib. 8 Feb 49, Academy of
Cwnunal Economy ime
K. D. Pamfilov.
Sum, 82, 18 Dec 52

Gorodakie podsomVe astia Dopushch kachestye ucheb. Posobilia dlia
spetsial nosti
NAvtomagistrali i gorodskie dorogFOICity underground network. Hand
book for "Auto-
mobile highways and city roaft" _ . Moskva, Isd-vo Ministerstva
kommunall nago khosiaistva
RSFSRI, 19501, 163 0 P. DLCt Slavio unclass
Sol Soviet TransporUtionaiiad CcIamunigation, L Ribliarranhy,
Library of Congress,
Referanoe Department,, Washington, 1952, Unolassified.

STRAMINTOT, ArArey Tivgsr~evloh. dohortakhn1oheskikh cauk,
vrofessorl
BAIMIS, V.I,, kandidat tekbitcheskikh nauk, doteent.
ivdak-tor;
RLU"ALOW ', M., arkhttelcior, r*dWdor;' IRIDBUG9 GeV*,
inzhener,
redaktor: USTRUGOVAO N,L., arkhitaktor, redaktor-, PnSON*
K.N.,
takhnich;skir r*daktor
[Ingineeriag problems In olty planning] lushenernys voprosy
plani-
rovkI gordov. Moskyal Gos, isd-vo Ilt-ry po strolt, I
arkhtteg
1955. 361 P. (MM 8 16)
(ftnicipal engineering) (City planning)

- - -- -- - - -- --- -- - kilch nauk---- - - - ---
IBkMJl,-UpAimir-Sdu&rcLqLjohA doteentt ---
kandidat-takhniches 0
rwravvawn, Uou.,'TlMor; SOKOLISXIYO Z.F., r*Uktor
isdatelletys;
KONTASHINA, A.D.,. takhnichookiy radaktor
[Sanitar7 services In cities) Saniternoe blagaustroistyo
Corodovp
Moskva, Izd-vo Kintaterstya kommunalinogo khosistatya
RBIPSR, 1956~
310 P. (MIRA IW)
(ftnicipal engineering)

!OT, Andrey Yevgenlysvieh, prof.* doktor
takhn,nouki PMYAKOT#
NoXhot prof*# reteanxentl-BADVIS,-T.B..
kand.takhn.nouk,
asuohnyy red.j n=MG. G.T,, Insh,, redoisd-va;
STVANOTA,
logo, takhnrado
Elngineering problems In city planning]
lusbanerays voprosy
plan1rovkI gorodov. Isd.2, perer. I dop. Moskyag
Goselid-vo
lit-ry po, stroit.j, afthits. I
stroltomaterialas, 1959, 423 p.
(KMA 13t3)
1, Chlany-korrespondenty Akedenii stroltalletva
I arkhitaktury
SSSR (for Stremntov~ Polyakov),
(City planning) (Civil engineering)

BMUTla,),-~s4imir Eduardovicbs_dota. j kand.
tekhn. nauk; YERL9NOV,
N.I.2 red..-
(Urban sanitation services) Sanitarnoe
blapustroistvo go
rodov, Moskvas, Stroiizdat, 1964. 277 p. (MIM 17 t
12)

R&mKn--Aj11 UKWOT- 3-5-; PATAW, X-r-, Inshener,
retsensent;
-H"
BMXIN, 0. , Inshozer. retsensent.
[Operation. and maintenance of me:suring apparatus and
automatic
reSdatore In petrolem reftnerl e3 ftepluatatella, I
remont laveritell-
nykh priboroy I oytovatiaheikkikh regaliatorov us
neftesavodakh,
Koskva, Oos. naudmo-Aekba. Lad-vo neftlanoi I
gorno-sopllvuol lit ry.
1953. 264 p.~ (NLRA ?;w
(Measuring Instrwonts-Kaintsumos &Ad repair) (Petroleum--
Refining) (Auto4tio control)

M MrLoMffla WIWI
BM*AIO-tlkbd*OIW IIIIIIAMS ,
awo"Um I btat"Mmaubw polovem", eoftik amw
(AMMIUM of u9 am&"& Not so-Nebo% b"Uses) molow,
P. 4,00 ftootu p=t..
"UU-4 OVINIONICU -Wt AllsbWAIS so* 1011111. ITSUM
IIIIIIIIhOW I Wft&-
obokw aftM%,h!~
Io.g.VL.m NJ. Tdou W hj. swelarual a. It PAUAW
Uoot U.S: LawvvbM 4z. U.1 N.Y. arm"".
norml lus b"k to ut"m rw saftnet" "gh"m ma
"timm"as" la"nol.
t" to I" am" of UAWU"l "bomuss "A a* be """W wom to
wolls.
Imusm vith t" ftlutwiew sommouft P*Am 4c I" ammo" w
SWMMI %i@ sou"U" ttvtmi onvuea to ftmu to ow aw" as
um rw
rom"Ir tieft"Ou lmtsmmu~ owmm = as wen awfal"tomm
as 00 am"Em.
faft of SONOSSIP&M =
0; bm taftla ud Gmsmus. ma to at" WASIPLIM-WIT
"as
P--ift wasom".
A= Allialift" d so
Auzusa too" d 911001111111
avow

8(0). 11(4) SOV/112-59-4-7662
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhnika, 1959,
Nr 4. p 174 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Nesmelov, S. V., A~ ~utkin, A. B.. and Popov, A. A.
TITLE: Automating Oil -Refinery and Petro Chemical In(I-astries
PERIODICAL: V ob.: Avtomatiz. khim. i kokookhim. proiz-v. M.,
Metallurgizdat,
1958, pp 354-378
ABSTRACT: A classification of degrees of automation applicable
to the oil-refinery
industry is presented; it is illustrated by examples. The
expected effectiveness
of automation at the Ryazan' and Moscow oil refineries is
reported. The
requirements of the processes scheduled for automation and the
requirements
of the apparatus are listed. Principal trends in automating
oil-refinery and oil-
chemical industries and the means of automation are
considered. Atmosphere
installations for refining the raw oil and the installations
of Z-furnace thermal
cracking which use a pneumatic monitoring and an automatic
system are
described. Expenses for automation at such installations
amount to about 5%
Card I /Z

SOV/ 112-59-4-7662
Automating Oil-Reff-aery aft-I vv~iv cho lie, jadtst-
a ;.e,3
of their cost. A scheme of an installation for
polymerization of propane-
propylene fraction for producing polypropylenes is
described. Principal
automation -and- monitoring means that are needed for
raising the degree of
automation at the existing oil refineries and for realizing
a complex process
autom&%3n at new plants are listed.' A brief
characterization of the state of
autornation of foreign oil refineries is given.
A. A. S.
Card 2/2

AUTHORSt
Guno R. D. and-Zakutkilu A. _B. SM165-A-5-31114
TT..TLEt
Indicating the Level in Oxidation Stills of a Bitumen

Plant rilth the Aid of Radjoaotiva Isotop9a
V

(Signalizataiya urovnya v kubMch-okislitelyalkh ~Itumnoy

ustanovIci pri pomoslichi radtoaktlvny'~*h ~"-Zotopov)
FERIODICALt
Kh1mi a I Telchnologiya Topliv I Ya3el, 1251p
A
-
- 03. (USS11).
P13.
AD STMACT t
The ch"e- over from the iiianual inaethod o-"'

the level In oxidation stills to an autov.',-,I,^ diatanc-

In(-; Indicator was Invostigated. Wto Methoffilrer-,- 1.,1-

Yestigated or, the oxidation e~611 01113-4111 1 with the aid

of
the radioaotil e isotope Cc (with Che nea aontac~;-

less
method)f (21 with the aid of a therr;oaouple and a

potontiometer to register the temparature.e. A modified

method
using one radiation source) two measuring devices,

and one
thermocouple Is discussedt It ,,ias fouij neo,,)asary

to define
the Zones Of S0j-,8j1~4A!jj:y vilth a gana rel&.V

when working
with the radioactive Isotope doo . Details

are given of the f
1xing of the gamina rellkY on one of

the oxidation stilla of
the ')itumen pWt of the Mosoor

M. When the radioaotlive
;'sotopo Cc was used it was
Card L/3
found that the cone of
senaitiv7 varied bet-.~.,ecn 35 - 3000m.

MV/65.5&- 5 -11/14
Indlaating tile Level in Oxidation Stills of a Bitumen ~?Ixnt
i;lt'~. the
Aid of Raaloactiv~ I30topes.
From Table 1 it can be neen that an increase in the
differonoe of the sirnalb bet,iL~9.-, tho zouroc and the
watwing device inareasos the error in def-LiIii- U0
level. Ikaring experiments with a "hel-'1000uple, ~he !a1.1%Lr
was used for measuring the ter-19Lzature of tile product.
dur!ng the oxidation of oulrar. -esults o" two ex-
periments are given in Tfic._4. ~he'advanta 's cf the soaond
n,e thod liosin the fact that the tempbraturE, is regidtored
continuously, and by oalculatint., the ti-to elapoad after
stabilisation of the tow-parature It Is ljossible to de-
-fine t-he actual level o-lthenroduot In the at-111; th"~.s
Is not Possible when usitil, ~ho first i,~iet'-W. Vireo
rodifications of the first n.-PAwd V,lt -r.mrr1reJ. Mn tho
first molifioation, tile Carxia vel't. is dl%-idod irt,~, two
blocics (Pig.3); in the secon4t the noanuring device is
mountud together rith the rela (Fir:.4). and in the
third, the measuring de ioe ST
v A is assembled in a small
box, and fixed on the atJ13. Th noql- -r b.9th methols
Is calculated, Tho ranma relay At-560, On-.)O ond the
thermocouples TKbA and EPPnC9 vere u a a d the
Card 2Y3 Investigations. Both me''th8as satibiiva inuustrial

SOV/65-58-5-11/14
Indicating the Level In oxidation Stills of a Bitumen
Plant with
the Aid of Radioactive Isotopes.
requirements and are of practically equal Importance.
There are 5 Pigures, 1 Table. 1 Soviet reference.
.- b--
ASSOCIATION-MB ANN
Card 3/3

- -- - -1 2= j -A.A-. . Yn-zh 9 - -- - -
v Universal beds used for section assembly and welding.
Spdostroanis,
24 no,U:58-60 N 158. (MIRA 12t1)
(SipbuildjW-Xquipmsnt and supplies)

NZMASHNTICHj 1.0.1 BAIWO, LA.; KITSUVICH, X,X,
\ 01. - --
Iffeat of suspended Utal particle@ on the ~park-over of
liquid dielectrics at low voltageso
Sboranauch,trud6MIssatekholnets
AN DSSR no,11119-130 154, (KIRA 1011)
(Dielectrics) (Ilectria sphrk)

BAKUTO, I.A, I
OnIbulfttine the extent of electro-sromion in metods.
Sbor.much
truA*Fls.-tekh.lust,AN BSSR no.liI50-161 154. (MM 1011i
(Bleotric spark)

.; RAKM. 1.A.
Nothanies of eleetric erosion of metals. Sb*ronauch.trud.
Fis.-
takhoinst. AN BSSR no,2tl67-176 1550 (KLU 10:1)
(Blectric @park) (me tale)

223-2-781
Translation from: Referativnyy Zhurnal, Mashinostroyeniye, 1957,
W I., P, 118 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Nekrashovich,, 1. a., Mitakevich, M. K., Bakuto,, I. A.
TITLE% Character of Regularity In Phenomena of Electric Erosion
(0 kharaktore zakonomernosti v yavlardi elektrichookoy
erozii)
PMODWAL: Sbornik nauch.tr. Fize-tekhne In-ta AN BSSR,, 1955,,
Nr 2# pp. ITT-189
ABSTRACTt Bibliographic entry.
Card 1/1

Iffect of discharge circuit j*rameterD an the magniturs of
mechanical
InWlses lawted on.,qloctrodes at the discharge,,
Sboranauabstradt
ns.-takh.inst. AN BSSR no.2tl"-208 135a (XLRA 10t1)
(Blectric spark) (Ilectivdas)

SOV/137-57-10-20152
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metal lurgiya, 1957,Nr
10.p 247 (USSR)
AUTHORS- Nekrashevich, I.G.,,B&knrU,--f-A,..-Mitakevicii, M-Ye.
TITLE: Aspects of Electrical Erosion of Porous Electrodes (Ob
osobennost-
yakh elektricheskoy erozii porietykh elektrodov)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauch. tr. Fiz. -tekhn. in-t. AN BSSR, 1956, Nr
3, pp
227-233
ABSTRACT: An investigation is made of electrical erosion (EE)
of porous elec-
trodes (E) used a& tools in electric-spark machining. The porous
E are made by extrusion of Cu-Pb and Cu-Fe chip mixtures. The
particles are not classified by size, and various mixtures are
used.
To obtain E of approximately identical porosity, equal initial
volumes
of chip are taken, and they are reduced to identical volume by
the
press. Before testing, the extruded E are held for several
hours in
kerosene, which is used as the working medium. Investigation of
the behavior of the E on the spark discharge is performed on a
bal-
listic range. Measurement is made not only of the mechanical im-
pulse communicated to the E upon a single discharge, but of the
mag-
Gard 1/2 nitude of the anode and cathode EE of extruded E and
of the opposing

Aspects of Electrical Erosion of Porous Electrodes
SOV/137-57-10-20152
steel E. The measurements are made for direct and reversed
polarity with
fluctuating and aperiodic types of discharge, the contour
parameters being chosen
so that the amplitude values of the currents in oscillating
and aperiodic discharge
remain identical - It is found that the magnitude of EE of a
steel E working in
conjunction with a porous one is virtually independent of the
composition of the
porous E. However, the magnitude of the EE of the porous E
declines as the Cu
contents of the E rises and becomes negative, meaning that the
weight of the E
increases. Study under the binocular microscope of E surfaces
subjected to EE
shows the pores of the E to become filled with fwied metal
both from the opposing
E and from the porous'E itselL As this occurs. irregularities
are smoothed over
somewhat, and a crust consisting of a mixture of materials
from both E is formed.
It is shown that a rise in the number of discharges results in
further change in the
E surface consisting in a reduction in pore size and formation
of a protective
layer which is spongy in structure, comprising a mixture of
materials from both
E. The mechanical impulse transmitted to the porous E is
greater than that of
the solid. The difference in the results for oscillating and
aperiodic discharges
is only quantitative. It is noted that as the porosity of E
declines, their EE tends
to approximate the EE of solid E.
L.G.
Card Z/2

MCKRAMMICH. 1.0.; SAKM. 1.A.
A wthod of mourate vel&log. Obor, nauch, trud,
?Is,-takh, Inst,
AN BBS uo#31234-237 056, (KM IOW
(*IsblDg mnabines)

T-
Al
lit

I ,* M
,
- ---- - j -L~ -, . U.
- --- I . ... ". i,. ; T~alvii
"The Electro-erosion Effect on Electroden of Various Shape"
"On the Electro-erosion Series of B.B. and N.I. lazarenko
From the Point of
View of the Lents-Joule Effect"
&l,r-,rnlk nau~.,hnLkl. vx1j. IV, Utncl.-. L.J-vo-Azi
BL.L;H, 1:o5-.

MUSHVICH, I.G-t; ~!' 1*.A*~
Maohnnism of a low-voltage condensed discharge, Fix.sbor.
noAtI58-160 '58. (HIM 12t5)
1. FIsiko--tekhnIoh9skiy Institut AN MR.
(Blectrio discharges)

4&WQg IOAII KITMTICH, N.K,j XURABUTICHe I.G.
---q - - -
spart erosion effect on electrodes of various sIMPOSO
Sborquamah,
trud Jis*-tekhs Lost* M.B= no*4:196-212 158. (KIRA
11111)
(Blootrodes) (Blootrio wtal cutting)

DAKUTO, I.A.
lrvk~ ~-- 7""-
,.,WWWOO, D.R. and N.I. Lavarenko qwrk erosion series considered
from the
point of view of Lens-Joule effect. Sboronauah.trad. 71s.-takh.
Inst. a BM no.4:220-224 158:o (MIRA 11M)
(~Ilsotrodes)

SO j
IN
fell r
0 N 14
oil

sum$ IA. EB-aknur-1,44
llsotrio erosion effect on blustante oleatrodess
Vestl
Alt BSlM-$sr*fls*-tslth,a&v* no*W55-61 159*
(MIDA 13W
(Slaotrodes) (Uninated metal)

05296
28(5) sov/17o-59.8-7/18
AVMORSI Nakrashaviah, I.Q., Bakuto I.A.,
TITLEt On the Mechanism of Emission of Substance From Electrodes
During Electric
Pulse Disoharges
PERIODICAM Inzh*nerno-fizioheskiy shurnal, 1959, Nr 8, pp 59 - 65
(USSR)
ABMRACTs Phenomena of *mission of substance from electrodes during
electric pulse
discharges are considered on the basis of the notion of
spontaneously
sh fting current conducting channel with current density of at
least
10f a/cm2. A limiting case is oonsider*d when the rat* of heat
oonductivIty
Is sufficiently slow and consequently does not affect phenomena
arising due
to high values of specific powerj therefor* It In neglected. The
mechanism
of emission of substance from electrodes Ii considered an a
process con-
slating of a number of consecutive *micro-explosions" of small
volumes of
metal in the surface layer of the electrode. Formula 4 In derived
which
expresses the dependence of the full amount of substance removed
from the
electrode during one disoharge on the energy parameter of
dischaxge and
physical constants of the electrode material. The theoretical
values ob-
tained are compared with experimental data taken from Reference
12, and It
Card 1/2 Is concluded that there is a qualitative agreement
between the trends of

05296
SOV/170-59-8-7/18
On the Mechanism of Emission of Substance From Electrodes During
Elsotrio Pulse Dis-
charges
two columns of Table 1 (with exception of ferromagnetio metals
and carbon).
The analysis of.Formula 4 shows that the magnitud6 of electric
erosion can
be different for cathode and &nod*, and also for different media.
Some
other regularities observed in the erosion of sleotr~des are also
wtplained.
There are t 1 graph, 1 table and 13 references, 7 of which a"
Soviet, . 2
English and 4 Oerman.
ASSOCIATIONt Fisiko-tekhnicheakly Inatitut AN BM
(Physloo-Engineering Institute of the
AS Belorussian SSR), Minsk.
Card 2/2

- IMMASHIVICH, IOG. [Nakrashavich, I.H.Ii. BAKUTO. I.A.
CBakuta, I.A.]
Xsotrio erosion of blmtallio electrodes. Testsi AN BSSR.
Ber.fis,
-tekh.uav. no.3:69-75 160, (MIU 1319)
Mectrodes)

69968
2 C 0 8/170/60/003/01/10/023
B0221DO07
AUTHORS: 99krashovich, 1. G., Bakuto, 1. Atv Mitskovichp M. K,
TITLE: The Dependence of Some Erosion Characteristics of an
Electric
Pulse DisohnaEg on Its Duration
I
PERIODICAL: Inshenerno-fislohookLy shurnall ig6op Vol* 3P No*
1, pp. 62 - 67
TEXT- Already previously (Ref. 1) it had been presumed that in
an *lootrio
Pula; discharge spontaneous shifts of the ourrent-oonduating
channel and its
contact with the metal surface occurs withina, region filled
by the discharge
olouds Thus# equation (3) was derived, whioh Indicates the
mass of the molten
metal which in partly or completely removed from the electrode
surfaoo:#(and
also the total number of aicroexplosions in'the course of the
diecharg by
means of equation (4)) was determined* The correctness of
these relations was
experimentally ohookedo Rootaugular ourrent pulses and a long
line were used
for the purpose of obtaining disobargs pulses with a duration
of 45P 80t 120p
200, and 240 #moo. The disobargelvoltagov which was kept on a
constant levolq
was 200 v, In the case of a shunt within the discharge circuit
the amperage
of the discharge current was 900 a. A typical osoillogram of
the current pulse
Card 1/2

6990
The Dependence of Boas Erosion Characteristics of an
8/170160/003/01/10/023
Electric Pulse Discharge on Its Duration B022/BO07
is given in Fig. 1. The dependence of the erosion (Fig. 2),
the surfaoe,of the
erosion track (Pigs 3)p and of the magnitude of the ballistic
amplitude of the
torsion pendulum on the time of the current pulse (Fig- 4) are
given. The nuiL-
bar of possible sicroexploolona during a discharge (Table 1)
and the surfaces
of the erosion track* (Table 2) aragiven. The possible causes
of the decrease
in average prossurs with prolongation of the time of the
discharge is pointed
outs There are 4 figurest 2 tablemp and 4 references, 5 of
which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Fisiko-takhniobtakiy institut AN. BSSRq g.ltinak
Physics and Technology of the AS BSSRp City of
Card 2/2

5/170/60/003/07/05/011
B012/BO54 82211
OTHORS: Nakrashavioh, Is G.# Bakuto, Is A*
TITLE: Det*rmination of Kean Pressurealln, the Zone of
Electric
Pulse Disehargo_.-~j
PERIODICLL:' Insh*norno-fisiohookiy shurnal, 1960, Vol. 3t
No. 7,
pp. 60 - 66
TEXT: First the authors point out that the pressure
measurements in
the discharge sono, in the papers (Refs. 1,2) were carried
out by methods
with considerable shortcomings. Here# they describe their
method of the
ballistic torsion pendulum for determining the mean
pressures in the
zone of a single ulso disoharge, The method is based on
measuring the
mechanical pulse ~rooeivod by the electrode during a
discharge) by mea-
suring the pendulum owing. The pendulum is a metallic
crosspiece floating
in mercury and suspended from a thin steel thread. One
electrode is
fastened to one arm of the crosspiece. The second electrode
is slowly
approached to the former until the discharge begins. In the
disoharg%
the pendulum receives a pulse and then turns by a certain
angle. This
Card 1/3

Determination of Mean Pressuresin the Zone of
8/17OJ60/003/07/05/011
Electric Pulse Discharge B012/BO54 82231
angle oharaoterises the pulse intensity. The rotation in read off
by
the deviation of the light beam reflected by the mirror on the
upper
part of the crosspiece. Such a pendulum permits measurements at
dis-
charges in any liquit and gaseous dielectric sodium, and in the
vaouum.
In order that this method should not only show the presence of
pres-
suree but also determine their ordor of magnitudep the causes of
the
mechanical pulse must be studied# Par this purpose# it in
necessary to
deteraino - at least approximately - the intensity of the pulse
of the
expanding gas bubble in the time until leaving the electrode
area. This
problem was set up and solved. Formula (13) is derived. It
expressee
the dependence of the mechanical pulse on the radius and the
grinding
angle of the conical electrode. If the radius go is assumed as the
radius of the final erosion trace on the electrode, one obtains
the do-
pendence of the mechanical pulse on all those variables on which
the
extension of the erosion trace dependep i.9. the charging energy,
the
pulse durationg as wall as the physical properties of the
electrode
material and the dielectric nediunt eta. Figs. 2 and 3 compare the
curves calculated from this formula (13 with the curves measured
in
the experiment. They show that formula ~13) reproduces with
sufficient
Card 2/3 kl~~

Determination of Mean Pressures in the Zone of
9/170J60/003/07/05/011
Electric Pulso Discharge B0121BO54 82231
correctness the principal relation between the physical
quantities
characteristic of the phenomenon under roviewl therefore,
it may be
used for evaluating the maim pressures in the discharge
zone. There
are 3 figures and 3 references: i Soviet, I Britishp and
I Japaneeet
188001HION: Pitiko-tokhnichaskiy institut AN BSBRO g.
Minsk
(Institute of Physics and Toohnoloiry of the k8 BSSR. P-~~
Card 3/3

NIMSMICH ISO&; 09--l.Ae
Zhanimm
of the formation of erosion tracks on electrodes
In pAse d1scharges. Dok1.kN BSSR 4 nooli7-10 J& 060e
(UXDA 13:6)
16 Predstavleno akademikom Ali B69M BeIs StepLnovym.
Olleotrodea)

NURAS IHMIVI HP-4G--.JlWkrashevioh, -I.H "sA .
--At. RUMp I.A. (Bakutat
Dependence of the erosion effect on the duration of the pulse
discharge. Vestai JO BSSR. Ser, Pis,-tekh, mav, no, 41107-M
160, (KEM 14 11)
(Bleotrio discharges)

30945
S/571/60/000/00b/010/011
E0713/F535
AUTHORS, Neki,nabovich I.G. and Bakuto, I.A.
TITIE~ Mechanism of' o t me s du~ring electric
erosion
impisise dischArges
IIFRIODICAL~ Akiidemiyanavuk lolaruskay SSR.
Fittko-ttkhnicheakiy
instittit. ht)utaik nauchnykh trudov. no.6. Minsk, 1960.
193-215
TEXT There are two main hyt)othe#4es explaining the phenomena
lepciing to electriva) crosion F., M- Williamm (Ref I.- El
Eng. 71,
257, 1952) holds the view that numerouR successionn of
ptoresses
of disintegratioit of the electrode matetial occoir during a
si-ngle
discharge This to almo the view hold by the authors of' this
pa 1) e rOther authors base their explAnation of' thp
hypothesi%4
ot' emisitton of material from the electrodes
sJmtkltaneoii4.41V V-r
throughoist th6 entire surface of the electrode on which a
dis-
charge occurs. Therpliv, it Is tiatiolly a%sumed that the
discharge
rurront flowi6 each tim 9 through a single chantipl.which
widenis
during t.he process ot the nisclint-ge.Atid the t'jils14-
botiticlarif-Po CIA*
thim chatinel at th* surf"acip of' thot electrode art*
amsumptl An
toinctlAng wtth the boutid.Ni it--t of tht! erri%ion tratt.
'I'lle J&r)[C-41
Ar

3CY945
Mi-cluin)mm of' es-0,41orl or metats I /h()/q "'WOMO)IO/O I I
F07VEW)
n%imbt-v c-C published polsers an thi, subjpct deal wii h iht,
thoi mat
throry or electric erosion, which to hitsed oft Itic theory of
thermal conductivity. Nnny of' thf- results olitnini-d by
moans of-
thip theory are not in agreement ivith experimont The
autht--s-* ol'
thi-m pat)or expr(-ex dif'Cerent virisewhich take into
i-%iriptati(iii
0.xPerimental data on the kinetics of the pincessep; that
stviii. In
the gal) and on the electrodes doriitg pulnu dischi4 ry~,* t
III, I klet
dvvt-lopuirnt of thts hypothosis enabled PluridAting most of*
the
ob.-Art-vtti phenomena of electric erosion from a nivogle
point of' vtr.%.
lives 4unntitative relations obtained off the baxis of'
11iffit new
hypothrals are in good agreement with experimental ronsiAts,
III VI/
this pallot- the basic concepts, of thi-4 hypothents are
descrthed and
the relaiions betweeit various quantities characit-riiiiig (he
investigated phenomena of' destruction of' the Gle(:tto(1*,s
duriinpr
diieharxe.% are calculated and the re%ultA are coonlith-ed
%-*th
experimpiatal data. To explain all tho expetimentall '%
Cealorpos of erosion during tho djs4charqo. it tj%
"vc-t4-iii-y 1tv .1.111
nf'l Ii-om tit& experimental i'nct that the mvial in
re"it)"t-d 11-10m 1114.
-vt-Ot~r, of* the electrode in small portions the xiiiii oi
%vhv(h
lkt It 111/8

30945
met-jusnism of erosion of metals S/571/6o/ooo/oo6/oio/oII
E073/9535
corresponds to the full erosion effect of the single electric
discharge. Such a mechanism is only possible if the discharge
current does not flow simultaneously throughout the entire surface
of contact or the u&ectrode and the inter-electrode medium which
participates in the discharge but only through individual small
sections of the surface. There are two possibilitiest either the
contact surface of the current conducting discharge channel and
the electrodes consist of a number of individual simultaneously
acting areas or the contact surface consists of a single small
area, the position of which on the electrode surface changes at a
great onped during the discharge. The first variant in based on
the con c a p t -tf a spatially discrete discharge channel on the
electrode surface, the second on a discharge channel which in
discrete with time. The latter is the most likely. The size of
the contact area in this case way depend on the physical
properties of the electrode materials and the dielectric medium
and also on the electrical conditions pertaining during the
discharge. If both electrodes are or the same material, the
following variants are possible: the contact area or the plasma
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30945
Mechani sm of' 01-orion of metals S/571/60/000/006/010/011
with the electrodes in larger on the cathode than on the anode;
it is larger on the anode than on the cathode; they are equal.
These dtfferences in the area of the current condticting
contact may
be due to physical phenomena (olectrodynamic forces. diffusion
of
charge carriers. electron optical effect etc.). Tn the case
that
the electrodes are made of different materials, it is
necessary to
take into consideration the Influence of the physical
properties of
the material on the magnitude of the contact area. The
dimplace-
ment or the contact area may be due~to non-steady state
movements
in the form of shock-waves inside the discharge cloud and also
UIK
processes of explosive transformation of the material of the
electrodes into the vapour state, as a result of which the
material
becomes non-conducting. The size of the contact area determines
the (tensity of the electric current on the electrodes. The
current
density will determine the energy release and, on the other
hand,
the size of the contact area will be determined to some extent
by
the heat exchange between the channel and the electrode
material.
Thus. the released energy will be determined by both effects.
Even
extreme cases are possible when the energy release is governed
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30945
o-k- I w It i !)M "I (!Ios ioll 0t, isse f is ej /oO/O( I
tp,/(14)0/ 0 1 o/ot I
M)731Er,11
i)it.tv uy thr Lertlar-Joule effect or only by the rf'Cect
of' thermaj
cond,ic f IV I ty Depending on the density Anil quatitity of'
energy
roleased in tile contact of the metal with tile platinus, tile
suiLAuwing el'i-ects are possilile Nsion of' a certaiii
voltime of thin
Plectrode material and also fusion accompanied by evaporation.
The dielectric medium in the discharge zone will be in the
gaseous
temperature and
-%tato at high pressure, regardless of* Its state
at the beginning of the discharge. During the explosive
expansion of tile metal vapour's and the dielectric, the
molten
melml will be squeezed oiit and an erosion cavity will be
foittied
The contact area which moves around during the dimcharge will
ensure the appearance of' n series of sitch cavities. which
together l'orm the full Prosion trace onithe surrace of the
electrode Again three cnatts are possible; the erosion in
equal
on the anode, and the cathode, the erosion on the cathode in
less
than the erosion on the anode and the erosion on the anode in
less than tile erosion on the cathode If' the electrodes are
of
different materials or if they dit'fer in shape. the
mechanism of'
the erosion process can be deatt t, sited tit (Ite %nmt- wav
bill
card 5/8

30945
ut- et-osion of metals S/571/60/000100b/Oto/oli
E073/ES35
additional l,1rtt)lx have to be taken into consideration. The
mechanical effect of the streams of metallic vapourm ejected
from
the electrodes may also have a certain but no too great effect
flit- widening of tits curront conducting chaitnel is (lite to
flow
me, t ionm oV the volume of' ilia medium bettig entrained into
lite
provess oV ionization and at the %^me time electrodysiamic
compreiRsion foices act on the medium 'Fite resim0ancis of' the
disclixi-ge zone also decreases as a result of an increase in
the
conduct tvity of the plasma with increasing ionization In
tkumvrcius tames the discharge chwwwl can tie considered as
being
almost invarlable but. performing displacements inside the
dischaige zone, However, the process of displacement of the
curreot conducting contact areat along tits surface of' the
electrode
will have no influence on the current intensity in the external
circuit and. therefore, the above-mentioned pheitomena may not
be
detected on the oscillogrAms, of the current and voltage and
they
have to be detected from the optical effects Thp phenomena in
spark discharge erosion are very similar to thoj;e nt)At-tved
in an
oic with a mercury electrode. 1 G Krnnyev (Itef-21 PAN
J11p, No J. 1957) has shown that the cathode spot in a mercury
arc
Card 616

Mechanism of erosion of metals ... S/571/61%go/oo6/mo/on
E073/ES35
dischas-go only indicates the area in which a much small
Isr5current
conducting spot moves about at a very fast rate (about 10
times
per second).. There in ^"Iy one spot at any given time, It is
on
the basis of thir cone a pt that the theory or the electric
erosion of metals in evolved and the mass of eroded metal in
calculated. The calculations show that, depending on the
physical constants of the electrode materials, the quantity of
evaporated metal amounts to 20-40% of the total quantity of
the
metal subjected to the erosive effect of the discharge. The
effect of tile polarity of the discharge and the problems of
the
evacuation of metal from the surface of the electrode are
briefly
discussed. Metal that has- been heated to the fusion
temperature
can either be retained on its solid base by the surface
tension V-4-1
forces or it may be removed ir these forces are overcome. The
explosive nature of the emission of materia' that has been
heated
sufficiently to become vaporised produces larae ps-essures
which
are canahla of xqueezing out and scattering the molten metal.
These concept a seem to be supported by the experimental
results
obtaxneu Lai measuring the mechanical impulse transmitted to
the
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30945
Mechanism of erosion of metals ... S/571/60/000/006/010/011
E073/E535
electrodes during the discharge. The main role in evacuating
the
molten metal in played by the vapours of the same metal, The
mechanism of squeezing out consists In explosive adiabatic
expansion of tho evaporated portions of the metal during
"elementary" erosion. Following that, tho vapours of the metal
V_r
and of the dielectric become mixed and a resulting medium
prepastrob in produced which removes the remidues of the
molten metni
and flattens out the mounds produced by the individual
"elementary"
pittings, There are 7 figures. I tables avid 27 references:
21 Soviet and 6 non-Soviet. The English-language roferences
read as follows: Ref.1 (quoted In text); Ref.161 Germer, L.H..
Boyle, W.S. J.AppI.Phys., 27, No,l, 32-39, 1956t Ref,18
Sommerville, J.M., Grainger. C.T. Drit.J.Appl.,Phys., 7.400,
J-95b;
llef.191 Boyle, W.S. J.Appl-Phya,, v,26, No.j, 584-586, 1955.
Card 8/8

NMUBMWICH, I.G.; BAXUTO, I.A.
Polar offoot of the erosion of wtals during an
impulsive all-
oharge. Dokl*AN BSSR 4 no.6:24i-243 Je 16o, (MM 13:7)
1. Aredstavlano akads AN BSM B.Is Btepanovymo
Meotrodes)

KKKASHLTICH, I.G.; B&K=, LA.
- -------
Multiplicity of channels in a single electric discharge.
Dbkl.AN
BSF' 4 n0-8028-331 Ag 160- (MI" 130)
1. IfIsiko-takhnichemkir inatitut AX BSM. Predetarleno
akademikon AN BSSR A.N.Sevchemko.
(Ileatrio discharges)

NZIUSHVICH, I.Oet-U~XMI L4
Ratio betveen the diameter and depth of an erosion crater
formied in
a pulse discharge* DokI.U BSSI 4 nosM413-416 160* (HIM 1319)
1, Fisiko-tekhnioheekly institut AN BSSR. Predstavleno &Wemkon
AN BSSR V.PoSeverdanko,
Meotrodes)

s/i96/61/000/011/036/o42
9194/EI55
AUTHORSt Nekrashevich, I.G., and Bakuto, I.A.
TITLX* An oscillographic study of current distribution
during electrical discharge on a composite electrode
PERIODICALs Referativnyy zhurnal, Elektrotekhnika i energatika,
no.11, 1961, 29-30, abstract 11K 189. (Dokl. AN BSSR,
v.4, no.12, 1960, 501-504)
TEXTs The article considers the distribution current within
the volume of an electrode directly adjacent to the place of
contact of the channel of an impulse discharge. The
investigations
were made on equipment consisting of a composite electrode (two
plates separated by a thin layer of mica) and a conical
electrode.
A long artificial line is used to form a :quare wave-shape
current
with amplitude of 900 A and duration of 2 0 m.sec. Both halves of
the composite electrode were connected to the line through
identical resistances. The recording instrument was an oscillo-
A.1
graph type VAO-4 (10-4); The deflecting plates of this cathode-
ray oscillograph were connected to the screening wire in each
half
of the composite electrode. Transfer of the discharge channel
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