SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ZANAZDRA, N.S. - ZANDBERG, E.YA.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001963810001-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 19, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT


,, Anatoliy Llvov'icho zasl. doyate-11
MIKHNE78V, Aduki Prof.)
t-'LEDZEVSKAYA,. Irina Xa%imirovnal kand. med. nauk;
7ANCV.Ti07, Georgiy Vlktorovicho kand, mod, nauki
ZANAZDRA, N.S., red..- BOYKO, V.P.9 tekhn, red.
(onnical phonocardiograplq] Klinicheskaia fomkardiog.-a-
fiia. Kie7, Gosmedizdat USSR, 1963. 134 p. (MIRA 170)

ZANDERG, J.
"Assuring housing for hrigades in collective farms." p.10 IROLIN=NA,
Vol.2, no.3, March 1953 Warszawa, P61and)
SO: MONTHLY LIST OF FAST EUROPEAN ACCPMIONS, VOL, 11, P, LIBWf OF 1,'OPGRESS
Aftmat 1953, Uncl.

UNCHENKO., A.
Filt*r fccr the pixffication of air. Voen. mm. 39 no.6:31-32
je 62. (MIRA 15:6)
1. - Inspektor TSonlrallnogo komitata Dobrovollnogo obahchestva
sodeZ~stviya armii, aNriatsii i fletu.
(Air filters)

ZANCHMOP As
......
Wotk ot tht OKN and ONN-IM filto~##. with now coWnent,9 0volln.
m6x. 39 no-10:35 0 163. (KIRA 16:3-1)
lo Starshiy inapektbr spasatellno~- oluthby TSentrallnogo kmitata
Dcbrovollnogo obshch4stta sodoystviya fxmlio aviatsii i flotu.

:777,
L-2
N rf -;W4- MUM W, ME u VKI; I m I'
Jj-;ur.~ v.*

ZANGREV9 V., lnzh.
StWian on the prim cost of coal in Bulgarl&. Min delo, :18
no.7:8-15 JI 163.
1. Direktor na DMP ftBolshevik".

ZANCHEVSKAYA,, T.A.
Observations on the formation in mIxed cultures of hemotoxins of
Clostridium pe,.-,fringens and oedematiens. Zhur.mikrobiol,epid. i
immun. 41 no.5:105-109 My 164. (MIRA 1.8-.2)
1. Odeaskiy meditsinskiy institut imeni Pirogova,_

L 10967-66 Ewr(j)~'Em(IMEFIA(b)o-2 JX:
ACC NR: -AP5028400 SOURCE CODE: UR/0016/65/000/049/0115/01z)
AUTHOR: Zanchevskava,; T. A is:,
ORG: QdOssa-Medical Institute im. N. 1. Pir2&9t sidy meditains n t tut)
_Bodes kiy i sti
111LE: Factors ca 8411 th ;restoration of toxic propertleo in centrifugates
of cj~!2~~
eujsvcuZEe - h hayp lost their toxicits,
erfrigL
_L20
mikrobiologit, -epidemiologiVi" I riot 1965, 115
SDURCE: Zhumal
TOPJ-C-,TAO�.- mlcrok~lology, toxicology
--kf,'- wd-a'-series- ;11;~ Tn
-pe orm Man ----
The U ertments. 6~ jiietserVi
-ABSTRACT, au tor
_(Ina~ctiv4-- toxins)-in, contril
per -o__p_rotaMns_~ ruage4 _&~ioth cullt4i46 of Cl. per v Inkens,
a purposestrainNo. 39witickdoeg'not xv (d
uetng ior thi vl~wert
rninimal ternolytic dose of the centrifugate of a 20;.-hour culture of thl, strain varlicd
%Athih 0.5---;~- Ok ml.- - The centrifugates of 2-, 3--, 4-day and older oultures did mot ha-va
-pro 0 as we
.:=----~-hemolytic-prope-r-tieti. To establish whetheL ee -in thes~vcentrifugatw, the-
th- _-IiiEki-th AnAe-c
au or. m ein -wi, a
xpz _amouhW
to-, 4f _*IWiWha:d-prop6rff
-CerArt%gaW, 4-Ii- _of__Ci.-oedezdatWmi-I%gtmIa I
of f ipitirinib fou 1Wthi'l.
markedl -0 action, the toidd-0 :,Cl--
Y poterMUng th
dm. rsmssi 655.0ri 21

L 10967-66
ACC NR- AP5028400
6m, ol-yUc-propertles-of -old-(4 -to 11 days) broth-cu Itures,of c1c ~Varfrfiigeha are reatored
und6r the. effect of uooembl~ttc doses of the ceutdfu' A-bat of Iltures- bf-Cl..
0114 broth
o6d6-a&tiem-.--Thfs ludicated-the,pregence.of proNxIng in 0,01tures. Cll:-
po -considerable -stab4fttk~`-, - TtW-, aptivatiou of the- beii~-)Iyltc pr
rfringens. aM their clJorties
-g ates tultr I-parf ated on, z~uft -contal
-of theventrifu at brotb -tea of.0, cWtIv
4V%-?4 CaC12 was also-appar,ently associated, wf(h activation of the iiratd~dng formed
-itt the liioth WItures simultanewsly with the toiips. brig-mrChipi 3-tables.
-ffUB CODE-.' 06 GUBM VAT E: A Wuu64 OLUG:]~,EFI OTH REF-.:- 003'..
Card,
4=-

;I ZANCREV V. inz]2,
Ronorvoc for the Increann of labor productivityat the State Mining
EnterPrAse "Bolshevik." ."'Min delo 1? no,413-6 Ap 162.
Ir 0
1. Direktor na Dunehavnoto minno predpriiatie trBolshevik":.

N=SA. V.M., prof. doktor tekhn. nauk; KHREN, I.S., kand. tekha. nauk;
X. I., kand. takhn. nauk (Dnepropetrovsk)
ZANGMA
Operational testing of brake shoes. Zhela doro transp. 41 noolo:
64-66 0 159. (NIRA 13:2)
Milroade-Brakes)

A 11% A
'. -.0 1
GrivlnM**4gl4av"eW. SY&PANZ-ZAND. NNO 1*,fP4*,Z
1: 4 1 -M ( I I I A 11 A mirvey 14 (whAndIrli-i~f1fir f"t KtAitl 'Itr
.M.81VA, 11( RC%,% uIld 14 1-trwiliflL A Is I

C.r&!;i visa of Z. Zw-A. Szky.0 I C,;.Il -*, 4 (3) CZ-5.-, WCU),
A a%wvsy of Uobnioal literaturs cz Crain al!& A-,O)pjlv of glass 1;" le
prezont-Ao A* Do It
umdlate evuroa olllppln&

Ac5
UMVM4* Alud "QtWt* " bask raw tuftrta, J, ti, XI&M
IvAustrY. Z.S.7AW. sakle I Ow=., a (12) 267-n (1"1)-Z- SiVON
tho OhMIC61 avais-le Of Illwatcasso dalamitesp @Ad mgnealtst, with
PaAlovw consWratlow or Usti" mv matortals. c"Gracterlstles,
extreetiont jd*ntjffe&tj-n,, and "Me"bility of limstoms, dolovitme,
and magmg1tva and thoir bebavior d=4M firing a" aleausod . 1.811.
F/7

0004 0 060 00
y A I v to to U 4 - 1 0 R a a to a b M a a v S 11 0 41 a a It 4,!c
.- I.- t- - I I OL-
COPOJI Igo A a &,I.
Glan 1f*W Ofifilen dkr~ amm. a
Joe A 140 -To di"46awit tko viiiW's of cipti4WA-ats an
41,i-vietting (Icwn 'Wvrral Siti4v etAy* Aft %wito w"v evetird '..4
&INNai'vy fun firchtiv t(W cutn"11(fte. "elf I 11fry
ttivA.W"I VIAV. pultv'limt tit 4a kiln "'Wisf. P4%"4 11trimch it
with * 11.1 tnip
--oWnIng. CLay(AtK1gjn.)waokttd%cdwjtjt
-VaXM (401
-1 sm.) mud pLwLd In a nveiW of
I(W*C, was nwW Isfut 4 hr. The glaws obtaknd vivis ablin
At it
ck-Af Ilonquil-liay tit jqhs
thkitnets of 6.11 Milt.. thil 4.*Wm appitwhors tIMS at b"r 4W wi"~
bottin. 14012. The PKINki UWh CUAJA(Md tbt fORGINUIS tUil-
turr: 5M gm. clar, 12) gm. NatCOt. ared 8 cm. NaM. This
0 nich was pircparcd 11w sanic sit turit I &W was &vd to a (ttuptis-
title cl 1000*C. In 3.5 hr. The ZIA.% owitaltied tiumertmi% mit
tow but"irt aitid Pom vivfft~Wvvd clay Wtkk-%. The igia*- w-A* tcoo
@@I much brighter SM go-mv IfAb"MMI thats tbq we ((am melt 1. 1864
It was essiff to work, suit had high-heitt sk4ck tesimance and high
niii-chAtt"I stritivith. Z. lw"ftA ftw other twito In the unte
sot Ma"Wr as rwIts I and .1. using CUT1 1"M diftcmt gulf% tl(
W I'sAm"t. The "mills air .6ti4lat t- Ow taws citeut"i. AM C
Ilse*
we*
woo
1 (1404 64.v-.- Il I
a 49 -T
a W cp a It 0 Is Is 9 ct It a 111 14 W 9413 1 Mai
00 o' 0000 00 fifsee 0 41 0 go 0 0 V 6*04 fitlottit 094#4104606:1!
a 0 00 *: * 0000 0 * 0 0 * 0 0 0 * so* 0 oj* 0 4 o * * 0 o 0 0 * (i ej a 0 a o i

IANDA. VACLAY MWMSEK.
GEOGIRAPHY & GEOLOGY
ZANDA, VACIXI FMTISEK. KJArlovy Vary; Stadtfuhrer. Praha.. Sporikvni
a turisticke nakl., 1958. 120 p.
Monthly List of East European Accessions (FrAI) LC, VoL 8v No.5
May 1959, Unclass.

ZANDA, Vaelay Frantiaek
Karlovarsko. Oblastni turisticky pruvodee cis. 2. (Karlovy Vary Area; Regional
Tourist Guides No. 2. Ist ed. Mus., maps, bibl., indexes) Prague, Spoitomi
a turisticke nakl., 1957. 129 p.
Bibliograficky katalogs CSR, Ceske knihy, No. 32. 17 Sept 57. P. 677.

-ww~w~
VBYSHAN, Yu.A,,; 7AHMOV. A.D.
Difforontlal diagnoolig of a clavicle t=or aid %ones of its
functioaal reconatruction. XhIrurglia 32 no.3:8.3 Mr 056. (MMA 9:7)
(CIAVICLIrr--TuI4rmS)

VBYSKLN, Yu.A.; ZANDANOV, A.B.
Differential diagnoeis of a clavicle tumor ani zones of its
functional reconstruction. Khtrurgiia 32 no-3:85 Kr 156. (WQU 9:7)
(GL&VICLVt--TUKORS)

-ZANDANOV, I.M.
Changes in the number and composition of the Population of the Bu-
ryat A.S.S.R.; based on population census materials. Trudy BKN11
no.5t188-196 161. (MIRA 1822)

Gol bo Slr,.Arai-~~vlch; ZAND,2NOV I Motv. red.;
[I-lays of davelopiiig thin ilght and flood industries of the
L=7at A.S.S.R.] Puli -,-azvitiia legkoi i pishchevoi pro-
n7ohlennosti. Buriatskol ASSR. Ulan-Ude, Buriatakoe knizll,-
noc izd-vo., 1965. 124 p. (VIRA 18:8)

ACCESSION NR; AT4042301 8/0000/63/003,100/0243/0263
AUTHOR: Grinbergs, D.A., Zandart,.Ya,. Yn..; dander, Yu. K., Laumanis, 1. Ya
TITLE: Investigation of an experimental DC conduction pump
BOURCE: Soveshchanlye po teoreticheskoy I prikladnoy magnitnoy gidrodinamike. 3d�
'Riga, 1962. Voprosy* magftitnoy gidrodinamiki (Problems in magnetic hydrDdynamicd);
doklady* soveshchaniya, v. 3. Riga, lzd-vo AN LatSSR, 1963, 243-253
TOPIC TAGS: conduction pump, direct current pump, pump testing
ABSTRACT: The authors have designed the experimental mercury system shown in
Figure I of the Enclosure for the purpose of verifying the theory of DC compenention-
type conduction pumps. The pump model to be tested 5 (Figure 1) is connected in series
with puinp 1 through valve 4. connecting tubes 2 and Venturi tube 7. Ilepurpose of
pump I is to compensate for the lose of pressure In the Internal hydraulic circuit. The
useful pressure, developed by the test pump 6 In the Internal hydraulic circuit, Is
measured by means of mercury manometers 6, while the speed of the liquid metal to
measured (in order to determine the productivity Q) by means of the Venturi tube. The
authors note that the channel and tho windings of the magnet of the pump W 11)o tested
CWd 1/3

ACCESSION NR: AT4042301
can be connected both in scries and independently. Graphs are presented Illustrating fhe
P Q and 71,Q characteristics of a test model of a compensating pump with series and
wAh independent' excitation. Formulas are given for the maximum values of,the
-pr---saure p,- and productivity Q There Is a discussion of the voltage U gn the chamiel
as a functio'n"'of the productivity A method Is proposed for dividing the boundary
current I into the so-called intrapolar current I and extrapolar current 'I . For the
V
purpose of comparing the derived experimental Ata with the theory, the aVA-101.6 employed
,he calculation method proposed by Watt (Watt, D. A., O'Connor, R. J., mid Holland E.,
Tests on an experimental d-o pump for Uquid metale.Harwell, 1957; Watt, D.A. Analysis
of experimental d-c pump performance and theory.of design, -Harwell, 1957). The
results are analyzed from the point of view of agreement or lack of agreement between
experimental and theoretical Information. "The work was carried out under.the super-
vision -if Yu. A. Bi.-zvalk (Cand. In the Tech, Sol.).. Orig. art. has-. 5 figures and
17 formulas.
ASSOCIATION: none
SUBMITTED: 04Dec63 01 SUB CODE: lEj EE
NO REF S01-1a. 002 GTHEM 002
CardV3

1P1'*PiT.-_1_kv~, Ml*~ 1 j~'_ ~~ I-S A K~~fre'Mihi RM
7 T-2
ACCESSION NR: AT4042301 ENCLOSURE: 01
2
Fig, 1. Diapam of mercury system: I - auxiliary (or compensating) pump; 2 - con-
necting tubes; 3 - cooler, encompassing connecting tube 2; 4 - valva; 5 - pump
to be tested; 6 - mordury manometers for the measurement of P,'; 'T - Venturi
tube manometers.
Card 3/3
WI WiTH
I
M

ZLIMBIRG, IA..I.
Hydraulic presses for rubber pressing. Kus.-shten.proizv. I
no,61-26-28 Je '59s (MIRA 12:9)
(Hydraulic presses)

GOKHB&RG, B. X., and ZMIDBER3, Ya.
Mbr.,-Leningrad Plqsical Technical Institute, Aillad. Scl~ (-19i,,6-'1
"Ionization of Gases and Their Breakdown Strength," Dok. All, 53,, No- 6, 1946,

4 0 1 0 0 is it 1) if it is 14 :1 14 of h )it h mlid. It Ij Is Id. ~11 It Is is a it till 'A"f:O
I.-I-1-1--j-PA ist , "Ap
cc, s
19 Is -1 L" 4
-T 1:0 111,
A St. Ells '244 (it 2244. 14"WIS air tirp(millill In t .'os
its,
form of Plots Of log (al ) against F/P; with tic inducts
00 for Ne Ukess from 1. 1, Gfailov (C.A. 32,W77), tlwcqrvo
00 9 Brftkdow,-* Striluath and latillatirs" Cisamdouts of Suits. me newly ldcrillivAlin thAlw. ri-Inst nemlyliorarlyand vei..
0 V. tk-Wly. sisitil are shillcil lip invirming &I D in the order Ne,
N,a. lAwnwrg. J. leirk. I'livi. MSS.R.) 17, 20-
:Y (1N1164 -Ruimaill.. 1: r- all. EM. RtHr. SF,, CIICI" CO.. '1"$e 1.4fit 4 filter-
lewn Invaitirer"CLUts of the cu
IAK1kZU Of MCII CUFVC Willi ilk' 1110911tildl IHIC"ItAIIII tktfal-, I-SO
Al -Mit inlemitiri, I (tit sunp.) its ~% trictly himiticriscouts eke.
00 9 firls! unifer a vartatile voltage 14. (in vj anti a ConVA. glits lei to the E, p AAi.' At iull.% muI.mthug ttktht-
it Into. fit). Cury" of lost (UP, X 1) W"t birclikdown Isoint in air (at 41.5 nun. I (I),
0
00 IF./Pfm Itiv,ts Owtro,h- ihm min, x - 2.3 14 M-11,vto thr value t4 As Whicli'llic givi'll fal AIWIII the f* 0
I ... tons. F#'Ho Il'i-c OrAph" IIW 1.41 (till, X 1) r4ottell Larne '/P to 4441 cogi-S..1dil 1; 11%) breakdown In air
%trisight lliketi'livelsillig rroill a 11' 11 KIvc% tile 10,411tru r1w, ~llrussth% ol site Kai tit filints
1*0 411MI(M q for given Elp, All
00 0. vollinjull IVILIII At 9 - it villi-le tile orthl'Aft, t'llisrelostultlis of Eih_ %still Ilisr v,ducs: Ne i1.17, MCI LV, I!tllt Q4 0
00 tit I - I.; the tirz-rity is in with the IAW of the 1.44. Cillis LIM, $I.-, ClICIS > 1.15. CC14 ;PI '1*)* =00
ImpAct4onizAtion cuiient I - 1. e-- %here a - first Thee figums missrm clame;y twith thw derived Uous the
00 ToW.wrid orff- can his* be det'l. for 2 xiwu Elp frool kal.pc% of the linrar I~ortim. 4 the I'awhen curves (cf. 0
00 thi, 4.pe oil the cosire,l.miding lost 1 - f 10 line. Sfeass- Iluillibers; isjul YAndivrx, C-4,37, MAS? I Cotircl list" I IT. r
steel irms wvsr nimic at Im" in: air. p - :MV, Flp from bireakdown its a sim occurs at an E' at I;hic Is . altisills a -00
00 -rl .77 to 49: MCI. 3M. EIP 41V to 50: htlir, Ilk). definhe VAILIC, W ALI to Set 411) 411 deld 14 .41-ACC roe
00 9 Elp 69 to -" ; C.11". p - Elp 431 C,- 73. SFG. charge c4 sulTicieut intemity; the E nevc-'ary to fLjrdl 10
M. Elp 91 W go. CHICIA, 39. Elp 17.q to lon, ecz that requirement varies from gas to gas. Fier. strength
.1 a a" 6 &td. by the sir-th of . With F. This gr,.wlh coo
Is the &I-wcs the ateAtet the In-AmItility 4 indamic 141
IN" 200
tit electron energy tit the suol. Ivior to Attainment of limi.
ItAtiOn. This AIII'lit, IWIll-IIIAlly 1.1 heavy IM41(astornic it* 0
highly POIAILIANC hischer elve. xtienath ap1wars to
piualleJ Willi heAt caltacity. N. rhon
boo
v A t A. I L A atIALLUROKA1. LITINAIWO (LISISIP&MION I I
Iwo 1111
'0 101- &it
I
0 U 19 11 Not q ar At
OT a At its Is &g a 110 Is I sta
0 'a
M411 000000 66 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 .9 0 l1k 0 41
10 0 0 0 0 Q * so a 00 0 :10 40 41 0 9 * 0 0 0 0 0 414111141,111goo

U&MR./Chemistry long, E-J.ectX?olytic, Sep 48
KC-88 Of
ChemlstrZ~ Alkali Saits
'Wegative Ions of ALlkali Metals in Gas Dis-
Charges Occurring in Vap=a of Alkali-Raloid
Salts," V. Y1. Dukellskiy, S. Ya. Zendberg,
17. 1. lonov, Ioandngrad Physicotech Inst imeni
P. X. lebedev, Acad Sci USSR, 2 pp
"Dok ;dl- Nlauk SS-I-q" Vol LXII,r No 3
introdLices rartults of Dreliiinary experiments
InvoutiZating composition of Ions which form In
a gaseous discharge in vapors of the alkali- ,
hilold calts LiCl, NaI, and ICE. Established tbe
I" 36/49TI5--
USSR/Chemistry - Ions, Electrolytic, seD 48
Yasu of (Conta)
extatonce of negative ims of Li, C!, and I euid
that their concent=atilor, In the dischex-ge vas
large enough to ane-ble easy discovery and zeamwe-
Ment (mass). Subzd.tted by Acad A. F. loffe,
i4 ju 1 48.
4"W ve

Ch
Squand"I Offetran em(Won undot the Action of "I
tivo WON. V, M. DIAVI'Ait 411.1 V. V.I. 4110tKid,
Fewo. I'm 19,
chirartcristicip were detd. for the accutriary electron rinia.
4jQfj of a P1 twgrt undrr the action Ad ". lons Na * and
I I ant] of neg. ion% Na - and I -, ObIjAileff by diXhAffft In
Nat vapor. anti Ar%:*lCr%trj [IV lAtIttlitiall, (4
~bjtl-low, M-2,M), And :"). P411 V., tVSp. Results arv
plottod In 1.!1d - intentity ratio of the wtunij.Ary elmrou
and the Primary ion current. agailsit the IMA4,11681
difffrence, ;, iletwetil the target Anti tht~ CUlItCtUr.
The coed. of second.try Irmission -y, dad. froin 1.f1,
at I' - 12 Y., Inercams lhicarly with tiv ct:crgy of (lie iouq.
and Is considcrably !:Ighcr. and Imma5ing faster with the
energy, for I - than for I ', wid for ~XA - than fur NA *. A
AlCVi3tiOn from linearity I$ f1AInd OtIlY With N4* tons,
with -1 incftusing linearly tip to about BOU C.V. (-I - U],
thea remalttlng very nearly const. For the mot. tons
Nat - and Nal ', of 740 e.v., T - 0.4and 0.07, reip.. i.e.
again much higher tot the neg. ion thAn for tlic carmpond-
ins ;XV. ion. H%Attlpk~ III dMit IM the SinlptC ions are:
at OK) anti RAW e.y.. I *, -( - I).N and U. 17; 1 -, ().X~ and
11.55; %*&*. 0.07 and 0.12., Na-. 9.211 and,O,!2. The
higher -Y for nes. ions can be interpreted !~;-Wn electron
liberating ditcharr of these Ions at tiv. sitrfa~~t o( the tar:
It The probabUlty of that proc-y,, is given by the dif.
ct~twq of I of the neg. and tire jxvAuns at cqual energies.
F
For I -, It varies from 0, 14 at W) ev, to 0.37 at U01 e.v.;
for NA -, ftotn 0. Is at.Ul Cv. to 0.89 at ZW C. V.
N. Thou

LuninL,,r ad a niczl
Roent-,mo7rrnph- Ljb., 'Mr., -1-;42-c49-).
"Negative Alkalino 1on3 in Gvi D1schcr-.e in 'Vvpurt: of Allkz~ll Iblide Sn1to
ibid.y 62, No. 3,
"Nedative lolls (if ilubld,111371 arld Cosiliti", .,o. 1, 1;-)1'+9;
"The Problen. of Secondary Electron -,-izzion under the Action of IT.--gatlve Ion--,"
Zhur. Eksper. i Teoret. Fiz., 19, No. 3, 1949.
(19075151).

1-11 AID It. llplp
00
00
md c*810s, V. M.
00 Dtd~a-aW, vA N. L lonow.
DW= AkA& Mask &&&P- 4113140141144
0 iah). .00
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of U, Na,
4LMrs MAW on as p"Clut 411 ftal" Was
00
:nd K ansW4 t" pv"to at tm 01#qtti4 dischuce to 'Weii
.1 W"W" Onto of th"s Mews. to W Pt#4*M "OW. similar
OXP~ft$ASnb with P=1 Wd coci aro Alastribod, resultle4 in F
0 the disco"ry Cd n~IPUV* IMS &W tCa"')-.
Ions pr9d" by an LWADSQdC"-CMk4~ 44SCh' 90 Wdt*
0* W
pwapod Into a vacipm. accolmted to 1,311(1 aw and anal yaod Mao
In a mass opoctivencor. Ali *"W t"W* us thus (OuM
Got rvoova an affinity WwaA an ukhthinal eloctnm. with tlw
I"
iia ~011-08J`
41 9 tortna" Ut MAN* negative ima. Thin Can be G%Matnacl by
I thf rooctifiess to Cotwou (he aider a flMll, a pme" Ac. ;;0 0
Ccmp4qI#d by a diminuation ON *"orgy, are
0
tie0
06
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too
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U 0 00 go 00 is 0 9 w- 0 0 6 *10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000 0 0 00 41 4
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1"0 0 as 6-60,411, *1
- -- -- A * *,-*I* * 0 0 0000000 Ogg 0 0 it 0 e

11~1-
YA. FA 16.9T93
USSR/PbYsica - Gaseous Discharge Ions, Negative Oct 50.
ONegative Ions In a Gaseous Discharge in Vapars of Halide Salts of Alkali aW
Alkali-,Earth Metals,." V. M. Dukellskly, E. Ya. Zaiilberg,. N. 1. Ionov, Leningrad
Physicoteoh Inst. Aced Sci USSR
"Zhur Rksper I Tei7ret Piz" Vol XX, No 10,, pp 877-885,
Mass-spectroacopic amlysis of composition of negative Iona oocurring in gaseous
discharges in vapors of subject salts: Establishes exisiAnce of Li-,, Na,-p M-9 Rb~-$ Co-@
Ions Mg- and Ca- in discharges in vapors of Mg0l and GaCl2 are not oboarTed. Mc,:Le-
cular negative ions of type MeX- and flel~ are o9cerved in the case of alkall MBAs
salts, and ions of i7pa MoX-, arA Me)(it W Ile for CAC12 and MgC1 also exe obsei.-.-ved.
Negative atomic ions of Ag are observed in difflarges in vapors of Lio Submit',,adt
? Mar 50.
PA 16n3.

or us""Vx lom liv cowsiom
Wffm AIQW"V. w DOW1,61111 am 0.1varibmemc.
am supol. I ?".fro. "s. AP043(la-11 ow. (k
DWI$ P---& ci xa- K- r cr w-, am r wu
throuo go or A At
4,
I"ons WU ob"CVI(L The olactrom Iroff Age 0
a
,
I" from 4ostructlatt of Uw =pt!'" low by oWlsim
..th Atom. mul Uw crals eactlow to dw proce" rwes
tNt*rwLm& As an ox"wo, for va" 4=1 V kwo at 300. to
1"0-4v coarp the Cr"d section wum kosol to be of On
order at to'" to 10,11 eta' Aw to be dustuy pvpwtkw&l
to Lto er*rg7 tA the fooL A throshAd tworp od M *I was
c"trymi f" A' kma to Re.
t4. J~~ AS US I

r n r P.. betwe
en the neratire im Mk7
I nn )-j 1)14
1;5~ T('C
J'n. Zarmb,~r~

The curre_-.ts due to the clectrons produced 1.1imirb de-'
-

_ irnf-,, i:%d by the 0.
cornpu. r.! ^,he primary tivu,
ionv forTned
t1jrou&h trznsfer of the neg. charge from the neg. ion to the
0, mol., --cre st:ccessfully 5cpd. by deflettion it' cros,"I
elec. arral zmagrictic fields. The effectiverms of this !xepn,
vas; tc,~rJ- and conL=td by i~xpts. with 72110-e.v. Na and
K- ions i= A in which only 0cctronq but no A- ions could
be produ-,-~-J: nn current ~luc to ions of the primary beam
- n the A g A under tbc5c c nditions.
s,.ittcCt4 i_ as was observe 0 A;
In Contr'LCI, w it'i 7210-.~.V. K- ions, and 0, undrr 4.5 x 10-4. 9
min. thzrc Ivas a current that could be due oriv to
0..- ioms forwcd by charge excliange. Similar obscrvntions
were mw!e! I% ith Na- i(MIS 'Ind (-),-; the Current was Proper-
tiorml to ~Iie pres~urc of 0. (beti;cen I X 11) band 8 X 10-5
:nm. It%: ;. v hich indicales 03--it the charge cxcbange takes
place in single mllkions bct~,cc= I!= ions and the 01
-
'
l
b
so observed
et vvcCn Pn VILU
viols. C Z=rc tra risfers werc a
S
0.- i=5 and 0, "Mi. The vaducs, of the effective cross-
szctirms a (in nq. mi.) for decompri. of the ncx. ions and for
charge. c!.ncharisze r~ith C), mols. arc: Na-, J5 X 10-11 arid
X 10-11. 0-' 5 X 10-16
4 X 10-~,; K-, 6 X 10-:1 and 4
il; -, < 3 X 10-11 and .1 X 10-11; 01-1-,
Ind 3 X 10 Ci
6 X 10-11 a!!,1 I X 10-11; 01-, 2 X 10-11 -ind 4 X 10-15.
Assurning, with Evansand Uri (C.A.43, 5G51c),for theolec-
troti affinity- of the 0: mol., 0.7 e.v., one finds for the dif-
ference Ai" of the electron affini6es of the neg. ion and of
02, the Values: -0.5" K-, -0.5; 0-, +1.5; cl-,
+:~,O; OR-. -H.4; 0-.-, 0 e.v. It would seci consL-
n'
quentiv, that q for the charge tx-awicr is grmter, th~z
r'm -m
iq aiV. Tbe fact, however. that q is R te. t not for the
rcsoa=cc char-ge transfer front 0:- to 0., but for Na- arid
K- could be due to the 1:4rge size of these ion,4. Firidently,
the rur- that r; should be inversely proportional to the sclumirt
of the ionization potential, which is v-.did for resonance
clurge trnmfer of prK,, ions, does not bold for neg. ions.
In the Latter instance, the transfer of the electron takes
place in the tlec. field of Um neutt--l 1r.)(1ch falls
off rapidly with the distance, it therefore requires very elose
'
'~pp-,-oath
bctweien the neg. ion and the neutral mol., arid q
czLr-v*^, be rauch greater than the actual cross-scation of the
cross
rnol. To tc5l tlwit; interpirctation, the efflective 'ection
for tl:e chm-.gt exchange betv.-ren pos. ions Oz4 and 01 mois.
was detcl. tmdcr the same conditions as the detti. for the
&Uwe tr
neg. Oz- iois. With 720-ex. Q,Iions, q for the
fcr - S X 10-11 cm.21 i.e. greater thin for Oz- ions, al-
tial f 01 (12.3 eii.) is m=3r
t1:oagh the ionization poten 0
i
as great a
s its electron affinity.

ZANDDEMI, go Y&*
"t6SR/F~ysics Negative Arsenic Ions 11 Sep 52
ol'Kegative Ions of Arsenic~- Phesphorun, Sulfur, and
~Th&llium," V. M. Dukellskiy, E. Ya. Zandberg
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol 86, No 2, pp 263-265
Continuation of the study of the ability of atomas
and mols to add an addnl electron and to be converted.
Into free neg ions ("Zhur Eksper I Teoret Fiz"
20, 877 (1950); "Dok Ak. flauk GGSSR" Vol 811 767, 1951),
::Here investigate the-compn of lone that arise In a
gaseous dischixr~ge in nitrogen.and ammonia, and also
'~:An vapors of arsen1c, phosphorus, sulfur,..and halide,
i~ -ialtd of - thallium. Submitted- bv Acad.A,.F. Ioffe''

V r
allh
vkkes
14
or
Usr.
to ba
fta-
imam swim,

_~777
16h
%.bo 22 17/63
and
A#horv Zandbers,-S.-Ta.
T_- -it 1-0- t Disaociation-of male6ular negative ions when colliding with atomn
Feriodicdl i Dok. AN SSSR 99/6, 947-950, Doc 21 1954
Abstract I McpeIriments-, interd&I to reveal'the processes -_ which accompar~f callisiIDns
of negative ions with atomi of gases (He and Ar)t are describKI.-Ions of
the following substances w~3re used in the e#eriments: Te,-!, Sb,'!, Sb3L,
BL2, NaJ, and NaJ2. The formation of secondary ions and the dinsociation
of negative ions with electrons-were only observed. Four i,eferences;
2-USSR (1915-1953). Graph;.Diagram.
of" So -Of
institution: The Lanint7ad Physico-Technical-Instiluto
Presented by: Academician A.N. Terenin, Jul;Y IP, 1954

jMii~f-i by fzwt ~I~harWll

AUTHOB.i Zan/dberg, B. Ya. 57.,11-2o/33
TITLE: The Burface Ionization of Potassium Atoms and KC1- ind -7
CsCl-Molecules in Electric Fields up to 2 MV/cm onlixn&ten
(Poverkhnontnaya ionizatsiya atomov kaliya i melekul M i OsCJ.
v elektricheskikh polyakh do 2 kv/cm na vollframe)
FERIODICALs Zhurnal Tekhn. Piz., 1957, Vol- 27, Nr 11, pp. 2583-2594 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs The present work is the direct continuation of that of Ionov,
N. 1. (Zhunral Tekhn. Fiz.) 1956, Vol. 26, p. 22oo). The displace-
ment of the tempcirature threshold of the surface ionization of
potassium atoms and of KC1- as well as of OsCl-molecules in dov-
pendanoe on the intensity of stress of the electric field in c
cy~-indrical condenser with tungsten wire was investigatedi. In the
case of the surface ionization of potassium atoms on tungsten in
a field ofr/W/cm this displacement into the area of low tem-
peratures amounted to,,-1700. To the name degree of ionization of
X, K01 and CsCl within the temperature rangea in the various
electric fields that were situated in the near of i;k.e threshold,
temperatures corresponded, Wich, with the increase of the vol.-
tage of the field E on the thread, decrease proportional to~_f.
Thin coincides with the assumpticn that the evaporation opern-
tion of the adsorption atoms, which are mainly in ion-state, de-
Card 1/2 creases in the presence of a strong electric field. In the case

%1ANDMW, E.Ya.
--------------
Surface ionization of N&Gl emd LiG1 molecules on tungston in electi-ic
fields up to 1.3 x 166 volts am. Zhur. takh. fiz. 28 no,,11:2434-2443
N '5 B. (MIRA 12:1,1
(Alkali halide crystals) (Ionization)

ZANDEKRG E.Ya. IOWV, N. 1.
Surface IDD12atioll of lithium io on the polycrystallitis tungstax.
in electric fieldis uP to 1.3 x 10 volts cm. Zhur. tek-h,, fix,. 28
il
no.11:2444-2454 N 158. (MIRA 12:1'
(lithium chloride) (Ionization)

AVTMFJt Y4.1117-tv ftlitaeo, 59YItT W;b4A Mars. A.B..
peryova. Ll. and Tasnapol-skaye, A.A.
TITLI a Intordefartmental Saminaro-d to (The Ilth
,.at, ?
In (Mothduvedonstvan TY "ti r po to
.101ttranike) (11-t xased..2yo
PMODICALs Radlotokhnika I ol&ktronlka, 1959, Vol 4. Mr 4,
pp 731 - 712 (USSR)
AB3TVUJtQTi A meeting of the seminar took place an Doomber 1. ~954
at 1n:I11u,1,r8dIQ%okhnIkI I oltaktraniki AN SUR
(,.!he
IJ'.L at 4 *-engineering A114 1140tranies oV the
A4.54.0314). Puring the meettng h paper& worc read.
YU.Q. Ptutthinskly read a paper entitled% "Kintatics at
the Unorptli,n of Oxygen an the Surface of Tungsten".
Th. second paper, by 1.tj Olkstan and 3.M. Patatar,
dealt tfiVi "The Admixture Phota-dffect o_1_3_~rccnduo tore
InthaBoston of the VxaLtan Light M)sorption's Th*
paper by T.L. Holk"hch wee dayot*4 to "The Probleat of
tits avion4ory Glostrtats Itatestom of fine ftima of 11
W;mlasr of arganka dubott4m*44. Tit: problem of 'I.I-foota
Cardl/a lonistakion In a Strong Blostris ft 14 an a Surt4so Witt,
- Moo-homogtafteaus Work Function" was 4onsidered by
X;;4.r.Zdkf[A And M.1, lonov. 1.11, 3&kull and
qe, :n
v
. a v -a a paper UM14d
a of the
Electra. Att:ctw.nt 9norgy and of the Patenti 1.r
Atoma by the Method of Surface Jouittation". X.L.
Taa"2"-skly onto ~Jt. Alabottyvad.aLt with tMe-problest
o"Pasnage at Through 4 VLeleatrLo
Vhon the Current Carriers Are Introduced Through oneaf -he
Contacts by Heat" at Blo*tron Th* lecture
by P.A. I &~*d the following
-Uolab*r &M N.G. M n disco
*The Pormittaity or the-Z&XysLs of the Total-energy
Vi6tributlor. at Slactrous In a Qatesi-tapherioal Candeaseret.
The Work by M.LL_EpLtvo. S.A,_jEjqjkhcv and A"hul Ism"
dealt with - " InvesTigstlon at the ottoondary *i..'M
andestan am4l the charootarlatte oner4y losses of a number
of dialtstriss (glass, Kies, t1serito and sLkaII-b42oI4
mancterrotalo).
Card 2/2
V20M DGA"ff

SOV/53-67-4-2/7
AUTHORS: Zandberg, E. Ya., Ionov, N. 1.
TITLE; Surface Ionization (Poverkhnostno7a ionizatoiya)
PERIODICAL: Uspeldd fiziche3kikh nauk, 1959, Vol 67, Nr 4t PP 581-623 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors give a survGy of the phenomena of surface ioniza-
tion taking special account of the theory. The following
subjecto araAealt rith by the individual parta: 1. Surfacif
ionization with formation of positive ions in general reprooon-
tation; 1) emission formulas for a homogeneous surface with-
out electric field, 2) emission formulas for a homogeneous
surface with electric field, 3) surface ionization of atom3
on semiconductors) 4) emission formulas for an Inhomogeneous
surface, 5) thresholds in the temperature-dependence of the
surface ionization current. In part II the results obtained
by a number of experimental works on positi-ve surface ioniza-
tion are compiled. Individual chapters deal with the follc,viing
subje,ats: 6) The methods of investigating po3itive surfacc
ionization. 7) The positive surface ionization of Cs-2 Rb-,,
and K-atoma on tungsten in weak electric fielda. 8) The positive
surface ionization of Na- and Li-atoms on tungsten in weak
Card 1/3 fields. 9) The positive surface ionization of alkali-hali-Ile

Surface Ionization S-:-7V/53-67-4-;?/`
on tangstf,A weak fields. 10) The positive surf' ~ae ionliza-
salts 4
tion of alkali: rhetal -atoms and, molecules of alka:li~-,WA114e
salts on Vlatin:am in w9gk fielde.11) The surface' ionizatioll
of other elemen .to and other-compoundo in weak fields (on
tungsten). 12) The investigation of Ithe energy distrib!jtion
of podtive ions (Pi 11) 13 The positive surface ionization
cm 14) The determination of the
in electric fields 110 ;/ j
isothermal evaporation heats of ions and atoms on the surface.
15) Measurement of the ionization coefficient of K- and ly-s.toms.
In part Il:raf the paper the surface ionization with format..or.
of negative ions is discussed in short. Individual chapterij
deal with the following: 16 The negative surface ionization
on homogeneous surfaces. 1fl Negative surface ionization on
spotted surfaces. 13) Discus:2ion of investigation methods.
19) Measurement of the temperature dependence of the negative
ion current (Pigs 21-2.11). 20) Determination of the energy of
affinity to the electron b the method of negative surface
ionization (Tables 1 and 2~. - The paper gives a, detailed
description of the problems, methods, and results connected
with the ph~--nomena of surface ionization. The material was
obtained solely from publiehed works. The paper is of gregA
value for scientists dealing with these probleMS on account
Card 2/3 of its clearness, its wealth of material, and its comprehonsive

Surface Ionization BOY/53-67-4-2/7
account of publicationn. There are 23 figures, 2 tables, and
113 references, 66 of rhich are Soviet.
Card 3/3

S/o4 0/624/006/01/017
0 BO19/BO67
AUTHOR- ZandbeM E. ya.
T 1T L13 Influance Exeraiaed by an Ele.,tric Field on the
Temperature Tirreshold of the Oc-urrence of Positive Tons
in Surface of Aton
PERIODICAL, Izvestiya nauR SSSR, Seriya fizicheskaya,
1960, Vol, 24,, No, U', pp. 629-634
TEXT, This paper is the repro6uction of a delivered at the 9th All-
Union Conferance on Cathode Sla,--tronics froya October 21 to '26j '1959 in
1103(tow. The ionization of a surface under the ~.ictlon of an electr,`.(~
field is investigated, whicl, sucks ofi the 1)roduced ions tit tem-perattires,
below the threshold temperat--tre., Formula (1) iL4 givqn~ Which dooc-i~lbe5
the flux n0 of atooo totward tb-~i surface in tbo steady case. This -formula
contalao -'0.1-reotiona for th~ fiold hao tho field Stronift
E on the surface. If only a field with a few magavolta per om ia doalt
-with and if ozrly such metal atom pairs aro studied with which the
threshold rangc- of je4mperaitiraa io diatinctly marked, formula (1) can be
Card 1/3

vim--
influence Exerciaed by an Eleutric Fj.eld on S/048/60/0-C4/06/0 1/017
the Temperatura -Threshold of the Occurrence of B010067
Positive lorie in Surfmie Ionization of Atoms
replaced by foxmula (3); n ;~i IIC,-Xp V /kT wherp, N is the
0 + - . I f
a0mic connentration on th6 6urface and 1. the isothermal heat of -v-4-a
poration. of ions., ),~ ooncernij correk-,tion for. the oloctric
Thie author t lien d erivea the exT)~~e 3.bic,r, f or a116 thw~ 011) tl-r io- i fortilki.,
r, P, Ncexp E, + ~ Ex Afp-,for (3). In this formulae
C is a coeffic:Lent, depending wahkly on T, x C:r is the critie;al diatance
of the uharge exohange of the atoms aduorbek:~ on thEi atxfaae, I,'.' .,s the
der!,-,rejd, iind "ne
CII.V maj.
rn ~1-:- t of X: C, ris dealt with. Condition '13) ir, given from 0" f or
the 11ux which fox a Iinear 63pendowjEi of form T ~ f (Iff)
.- W,
ansumea ~ho shape (14) cc-u_,t - (I L)/kT. Th-~rpf rum a n~m poosibil"t-,
ty J.s obtained for det,.n~min'.ingzhe heat of evaporation of ions whets
i8 smallor than __,tho, ionization potential of atoz
(V~,4 . z) ,
'n the dependelice of t lie ~p utr,~ ti C 61 ei 4 1tior in
Vare Mado. C
card, 2/3

0 Ig" 2 4 /0
lnflvoazi~ -E~;~4roi#ljd 'by an x1ortrto Field on W04
/01/017
Thwea'at)lrl of Uie Oeaurronon of -110 19, B067
~B
?positive I a, n- ~inSurface Ionization of Atoms
cileotzlc fields with field strengthe of up to 7 Mv-cm The functions
4-1) ail
T - f( B own in Figlio 4 and 5 wor.) cons 1~jiructad on the basis of theae
results. From these diag,tame, x or could be determined for K+ ions accord-
ing to formula (13). The author deilqrmined x., 4 A. Wi~,h the less aacu-
rate formula kT the current remains clo3e to its maximum., The seution
L
a

342n
3/057/62/032/002/012/022
Dependcnce of the ... B124/,BI02
bd (Fig. 1) is termed the threnhold region of the surface ionizntion awevi,
and T is the threshold temperature. In the steady state, the flux of v~bro
0
n incident on a homoCeneous surface is CeXp'-(1
n =N I jr --t~-D ex-p -kT
(4) -N Cexp-/"--4-Dexp-
kT kFj
2
wilere N is the number of atoms per cm , C and D are constants slightly de-
pendent on T, 1 and 1 are the isothermal evaporation heats of ion and
+ 0
atuom, respectiv,ly, in the absent- of an electric field near the surface,
and ?J,1andii2 are correction factors for such a field M. The surface!
NC V N
ionization coeffiCient is 6- - exp -Z If ln n - C, + ln
i n (- kT) - N
+ (6), where 1) is a fixed flux of atoms, and T is the re?.e-
k T01 T0 1 01
vant threshold temperature, and NIX 1 is slightly temperature-depen'dent, the
Card 2/R/
on was Stu died
I No M-1

34211
S/057/62/032/002/012/022
Dependence of the B120102
temperature dependence 1n n - f( is determined by the evaporation
T
teate of the Ions from surface 11, 0 Thus one f Inds N/N M Lv----&I(IT~ T~il
T1) + 1 Tol ())W ~01
T where Pw is the work function of a Dure tungsten surface, which is
correct provided that ~kmin + ly>>kT, where ~kmin is the minimum of the lo-
" work function. In order to verify these theoretical results experimen-
c
a~
tally, a cylindrical capacitor was placed into an unsoldered bulb filled
with Cs vapor and containing a tungsten thread, 100 microns in diameter
and 14 cm long, which was fastened along its axis, Ions emitted from the
central portion of the thre,-kd were collected by the measuring cylinder.
The bulb was provided with t%pa containing metallic Go and a Ba-Ti getter.
The temperature of the threal was measured with an optical micropyrometerl
at low temperatures, it was determined from the filament current. The
temperature of the first thermostat wa* kept above that of the second which
was used to calculate the vapor pressure of Os~ The ion current yas mea-
sured with a mirror valvenometer of a sensitivity limit of 3-10-113 a/scale
unit, The temperatur'e dependence of the ionization of Cs on W was studied
Card 3/X,-/ %

34211
5/057/62/032/002/01.2/022
Dependence of the.- B120102
in a,Cs vapor pressure range of 9-10-9 c ; 10-4 mm Hg, with a change in
to 14110 i
the threshold tomperature from 880 .4 , Since the error due to the
omission of the chango in the dearee of adsorption is about O~, .111~ (6)
11 1
may be re-written as In nr~-L + * d- - ). Profes.9or H. 1. Innov,
k T0 Tol
Professor A. I. Gubanov, and N. D. Potekhina are thanked for discussion.
There are 5 figures and 12 references; 5 Soviet and 7 non-Soviet. The
..dour most recent references to English-language publications read as fol-
W. B. Nattingham~ Proc. of the Fourth International Conference on
Ionization Phenomena in Gases (Uppsala, 17 - 21 August, 1959).,.1, 486, 1%a
R~ C. Evans, Proc. Roy. Soc. AM, 604: 1933; J,~ B. Taylor, J. Langmmuir,.
PkYs. Rev. ". 423, 1933; T. J~ Killian, Phys, Rev, 2Z, 578, 1926.
ASSOCIATIONs Fizikio-tekhnicheakiy instit~.,,~ im. A. F. Ioffe AN SSSR,
Leningrad (Phynicoteohnical Institute imani A. F. Ioffe, AS
USSR9 Leningrad)
SUBMITR w1une 17, 1961
Card 4/ 4\

37071
S/057/62/032/004/017/017
-:~kj 1.9 B173/B102
AUTHORS: Lan M=z--F - ~Y. -Ionov, N. I., Paloyev, V.. 1.9 and
Tontegode, A. Ya.,
TITLE; Determination of thermionic emission constarts- from energy
distribution our,tros for thermoeleotrons and positive ions
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal tekhnicbeskoy fiziki, v- 32, no. 4, 1962, 503 - 516
TEXT: ?or plane and coaxially cylindrical electrodes with homogeneous
work function, expressions ("ideal" retardation curves' for the emission
current are derived o1a the atnumption of 14axwellian energy distributiong
and extended to electrodes with inhomogeneous work funation (experimental
retardation curves). As the areas of different work function (spots)
cannot be localized,,only a qualitative consideration is possible. The coll-
tact potential field of the spots is regarded first so being compensated
by the external field (indODendent emission of individual spots) and then
as not being compensated. -~he mean work function of the cathode was dete:r-
mined from the saturation current at given temperature. An apparent con-
tact potential difference, which can be determined from the experimental
I/
Cardu

-A L~~
MAW/ ------
'64/ 0 W
L
A
A.CCESSrON NR: i-s/co 4 10747- -
07J
Ya.
AUTHORi Za~~berg, E..
TME, SurZace ionUation on M-4tals, in an oleatria field
SOljl= Zhurnal' telchnicheskoy ftzild, v. 33, no. 6.. 1963, 743~7 P47
1~TOPIC TAGS: surface idnizzationp-fiold desorption, Zield i0m emiasion~
'T or 64 -al 4
-RACT,._ __Am ii:pr6ved- expressicin-As -derived fol'the de ar Wfac i
~~Iin an electrie-rield as a funetion of tho field strength. The vork was undertakdn~
;-in view of the importance of this,relation not,only for the-theory of surface
ionizat on, but for-field desorption and ion emission as we
U 11, and because a
rigorous derivation had not previously been given. The.derive-tior, follows the
statiatical-mo.thod employed--by-1,411% -Dobretsov -(Elaktrounayn, i, ionnaya- eirdissip.
Go s. izd. tckh-teor, litcrnturyO, 19521p but accownt is takon of thG short rango
forces between the adsorbed atom, and tha surfece (van der Whals forcass,, chemical
X-ces, etc.). . For the case of a -cry strong field,, the rasu].t differs from the,
f0
obtained for this case by Dobretsov (WIF, 23., 4117? 19532) by the presence In tho
exponent of a-term-taking account of the short range forces and the absence of thi
-term C- x, where S is t-he field strength and x is the critiCa L Char exchange
I ge
diatance, The author zonsiders it likely that in the desorption o~ barium from

-77777-1-
N VIR: -
ACCESS10
+ t ints the demlation-from 'the Schottky typo-, dependence noted Irf R. G=,3r
en
(J.. Chem. Phys,,,, 3" j,',l 1959) is explained better by his now formuj~% than by the
ausi=ption of the fo=.ation or eoubly chArged barl= lons. "I tlvtnk '~ropaq~T97Z
Ill. .1. lonov for a diacussion of tha
kiy,-instkrut lr~* A, F. loffe All SSSR Uatnrrad
(Physical-Technical institute.. MIT SSIR)
DATE ACQ.-- OlJu163
-SIMMIETTED: 1 O'Na, v 6 2 1 -.1 . MCM.-*- 00
GTHS,
1,-SUB CODE.- 00 110 RZF SOV., -007 ,A. 008_
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SOM-ClE, Zhurzial tokhnicEeskov fiziki, V.34, no.11, 1064, 2048-2055
TO'>,C TAGS- 3ur~lacq tonization, graphit-?, ilncfi-ura, pota.,aium, rubidiu.1, co.,ium, po-
taazlwi rubidium compound, cesium eompo%md
T-110 ii)niiiii6t, of In 7" Cq,-_CSCl, RbCl- and -~rdphita:-siur-'T
30A ph
face Wa5- moa5urcd at tdu~osrature-s -up to 214 Grit ite was ChoqOn for investiga-
tion-be--auSe its electrIcal prapartius are interv--sliate- betweau those ol netala
r --,n- h-i tdd~erav oyed 7 id. tha:l oral of'O 0
-SpGa4'rOs4u*Pig --grade ".a
--7
:1.-2 =it strips from .20.0 to 700 micron -thick, h i
X;qair' ing iAl> to 350 Tv-atta for ea~ ng,
The toraoeratmve w" Masured ',witl-t. an optical t-pyrozater, and with a thermocouple at
the atw
77

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wore -directed throtiah- slftff,~ to
tlilcf~_graphitd sur;faco. n6, 7 av
the aurf ace were- dotedted. vti~ul.j a law rcsolution mA-is SrActrometer capable of resolv-
ing. Rb" arie-, RbG7 1. 3-
_._A_vacW_-_-qt3 X:-. 10' Hg~-was -mintaimad durAng !~Jw~_-miasvre--_ - A-
The surface, icaimtIon coeff izients of the metals except- potailpl.u.-i were in-
--dep-ondent. of temperature aboXe the Vircaliold; tine ionization cooffici.ent cif Prytas-
qitLA decreased som~~w:ia, t q1th jincrnaaing~ temperat ure. Tlse,,behavio;T-_-oI -,the aTaphita
that Of,
e u 1 a a Z12 - I q
me a -st~rfaces.-~Th _6t` ion-, currents fromtthe--ch1dride-miolea 1 1
Plot, -of --tho, 108-arithm --(jf
the ion current varaus the rdoiprocal temparaturc consisted ol t4o st~raight saga
-r hat for the thlghor temperatures had t1he greater slope. ~ The erihan
.::i ttz, ot which t.1 ce.
Aor,-Curreat at the higher temperatureswis ascribad-t oreasad 'dis5oclatioa
of the
-imoleculas. Tliq relatioa bafw~mq ica current arA tamparat4re is di~;cu&-&ed La torms
thq-thcozy of aurfacebleactionz on perous materials, and it La covcludefl thuxt
on - tho7-'m&fai2&--ahd--tIa hait ot- sub-`
at of dissociation.
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MT,T: 1 1

T T T T_- 1; T q t- Y, in i on r an P m, i N n n r e Rn
rs u r If iin 'Lani-ration of ctnitim atnmg an t~_
Z h u rn a I tekhr
s 0 U R -iL q i ch e a g v f z tk j v 35 no 7 1965, 1308-1311
ILL, V I f-l rl, .1i it 6 M
C A f 1) r
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iand to make it poanible to meas,,vre the temperaturn dependence of the-
R'.
thermoalectroa current for uge in deLartifting the thermaelectrotl woA
:CP 0 -5 7 - E

ea '~T -v-i --- ~'c v 17.1 vju-vk-. ~ W~-Um_j~ I;-,- U - ILL"Y7,
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~
-"
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pears. Since the
a-rd ftt 1GOOK the current of Lit

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ACCESSION HR-e-, AP5020741 UrVO057/65/035/003/1501/1510
AUMOR: Zandbere. K. Ys.; Tontegodep At Ya~~_
TITLE: Thernionic -evt ssion, conatnntq of moiybdenumm tantallm and tun sten vii
SOU11CRt Zharnal telkhnichoskoy:fizilki, v. 35, do. 6, 14500t-1503
TO work n,7 thd rmionmi-ie-emi 48 top, 0s-u-r-f Ionization/ 1po yerysta,0,:
jT7
molybdenum, tantalulm, tungsitel,
-ABSTMM -Tho-.authors -have measured ..'the thermlonic and.nurf ado .1onlPation works'
furctions of 100 to 150-micron diamet~.r polycrystck"Illne Ta, Ato, and V wires witfi.,
an apparatus that they have described elsewhere (ZUTF, 35, 149, 1965)j. Tungstev,
was moasured as a control. Tha thermianic - worlm ftwctiona wero derived froth
Richardson curves " tho,ourfame Ionization *)rk-guncti.owi were determined f roti I
the t6hparatdre dependende-of -the gurf ace ioni_j~dtli)n -curient of -tndiums The tell-,
-cor
k ted to - t0d
-peratures were - meimiured -With--alir optical- Adcropirpmter ~c wore~ c
values by meansof published U61 s. TheRe, :~!e- ~nd 11 wire-9 were annealed at
24000j-26000,4nill 270,)0K#,resp#cAvely. Thls'tte at--treatmefit wa3 sufficlent...to
stabilize, the -thermionic - emiscilan properties -rwd to- eliminate: self-oulission-of A a-,
Plirity-alkali metal lonsi The res I dual gas pr essuro w 11 as approximately 10-7 MM ~-g.
Card 1/2

1 Ell
iAim
ACCESSION HR: APS020741
The momqured thermionic work functions of Ta, He, cuid V were 4.33, 4,33, and 4,118
V. respectively; the corresporLding surface-ionization work functions were 4.830
I--- -6--k-Tunctions'- range f rom 0.03 -Im
02, --sand --5. It V. - -The --prob ablo _orrors __q, _t ese w r
0. 07 V. - The -values, f ouW for ihe -work f un C~tions differ considerably'from.those'
roported -by Kh.Khadthimukhamedav and G.N.Ohuppa (Izv. AN Uzb. Urlit, Ser. f1z. -mail:@
nauk, 2, 55, 1957) , Thit; di;Tnrepancy Is ascribed to the tugo by Khadzhimukhamadov
4--Wiuppe- ot-easily-Jonized alkali-metals to measure the surface ionization vvk.
-funationso r - -tablft-_
from -ear_ ypr v
-emission propertion-than Ito ~W wires.: Origi art. hast_l fartmulat
I table.
-t-Assoc mrlom- Z-1 ka -takhdichiiisklyl-I nat I tut -to AiF
T
SUEUrr=., 2IJanGS 91TCU 00
~BUH CODEt 194i Elt
MR W SCY.0 005 CM19H., 000
Micro wirgs
Crd
LP~A Kjz

k_?jO,'j-66 &-1T(m)/EPF(c)/a1A(d)/T/ JD1JW
XCESSION HR* APS020742 09/0051/6/63 08/1504/1515
-kil-IOR: kandberg, S. Yee;-Ionov, N, 1.,.;~'Ta_ntegode, A. Ya.
qq, 55 qff, 5 1
TITLE: Mass spectrometric determination of the heat of vaporization of atows Od
positive ions in sublimation of polycrystalline rhonium, tySgsten, tantalm- andi
SOMS: zhurnal tekhnicheskoy-fiaiki, -no. - 8 - - 1965 1504461~
_.;T_OP1C..TArSi-_ ~hdat-_of_ subli acuum vubl,~t ton, work ;function
!natio*' ir
I . ___ I i _q~t on, ston,
pecto-imeter,- r enium,~ tungsten, tantaliA,76olybdenum
v
ABSTPOM The authors have directly determined th 02orization~enoreas La-and
Li of. atoms~ and tons from piolycrystalline s t tr f ac 6 11'..-f the rof rac or metals Rl~ ,V1
Y
Ta. vid- W. - These measurements axe said fo-bCt -the first direct determinations of
Li. The samples were 45 = long 100 to 150 micron polycrystalline wires locatod
on the common axis of,three cylinirical grids t -o which approprickto potentials coullj-'-
be applied. Positivo tons leaving the surgdee of the sample were extracted by-
negative potentidla on the cylind:rical grids and their flux was monsitrod with it
mass spectrometer. When atems ware being investigated the tons were excluded by
CaM 1/3

L.M4,66,_
NR: AP5020742
positive potentials on the grIds. The atoms diffused into a chamber-whore they
were ionized by an electron bean and the resulting ion flux was measured with thig
mass spectrometer. The use of a nass spectromater to dateraiLne the composition af
the sublimed gas is considered essential. When the residual gas pressure in the
apparatus was 10-7 mm jig, only atoms and! atomic ions were found; when the pressui,o
was (1-5) x 10-6 nm Jig-, oxide maleculon -and molecular lo:m wore ali4o prosonts Tho
temporaturo of the samplo was dotermined with an optical micropyrometer, and the
position-of the sample and tho, olectrode system was monitored by me&q,uri_nr_,_tha__s.11r_--
prolonged,- prelimitthr-ir-1-
face
ea, ng--at t e-_h~ghes~ -ed- I
he ir The vaporizatibn
temperatt 6 employ n 9 moasurements*
energies were determined from -the temperature dependences of the f luxes. The th4tr-
m adynamic theory of this detertatnation is derived &M the type of average over tLe
different crystallographic faces~ to which it leads is discussed~ It Is not posal -
ble directly to tcst the consistency of the data by means of the Schottky relati(in
La - Li = e(W - V) , where W is the work function and V Is tho lonizati-o-11-potentiAl,
orentl . The quest1lon .oZ aver-,
ages Is discussed at some length, and inequalities are derived that the measured
values of La,, LI, and W should (and do) satisfy. The statistical error of the ve-
OXA,,,,t,,,y
porizatIon energy measurements 'W93 appr 11 syltematle error as
great as 4% is possible in the Ho end Ta temperature menaurejaenta~
Tbe values ob -
-Card,
IMM

L 23oh-66,
~AdCE�SiOg fffli~;AP5020742
tMned for LS are compared with those found by other author aome discrepan:-
ft, 0-1
ekes are discussede "The authors are grateful to 'K.D.Patek na for part icipativ4!1
in a diaeugsion of the work," Orig. art. has., 24 formulas# S.figuresi and I tab:I.*
ASSOCIAMN: Fizike-tekhnichasicty Inatitut Ims AoP41offe AN OSSR, Leningrad
-(Physica-technical,lnstitute~_AI SSSR)

5H 4
3/3
IC

_-Li-10674-46-
M T-
__ACC NR4 AP50233 -
26
SL41_ _: _.
_7
MINOR. Zandborg,-
-E. Ya. Paleyev, V. 1.
_t SSR, Leningrad -Fiziko-
ORG: r3hYsico echnDical Institute Im. A.F.1offe,.AN S
tokhni~hhc_sGly inatitut AN SSSR)-
TITLE: Surface ionization of atoms on silicon
SOURCE: Zhurnal tekhnichoskoy fiziki, v. 35, no. 11, 1965, 2092-2098
TOPIC TAGS: surface ionization, crystal surface,,semiconductor crystal, silicav,
alkali metal, indiun work function, thermionic emission, C'40"',e'4~'to
-no thermoel
ABSTRACT: ectronic*iemlsston from and theJonizaticn of Cs, 9, Na, :,i,
---and-In-on_a__(1lj)jnce of an n -type - somiconduc tinIE; silicon.crystal (resistivity,
150 ohm cm) has been m6i6stir`ed -at.,- temperatures from I100 to 1600'DK. The measurements
were-uridertaken-because surface ionization Ion-se m1con&tic__t6rs--has- not -bee:a thor aErhlv
investigated and the measureme.-h-t-s-for -si I icon-_ surf aces of. N.G.Ranikovskly and E;,N.
Formozov (Izv. AU SSSR, seriya fizich.-,28, 1522, 1464-i are 44ast-ionable, -owing to
the high atomic beam intensittes that were employed. The 30-x 2 x 0.4 mm- sill,con
CVYL;tal was etched with a mixture of HN03 and HF and washed with boiling water:; it
was mounted on tantalum and hianted electrically during the measurements. The ,;emper-
ature was measured with an optical pyrometer, the brightneas temperatures beint re- -
duced to thermodynamic temperatures with the aid of the date of F.G.Alleft (J.Al)pl.
1/3 _j
UA.

---a%*- - ---- -- ----- ~- ...... 6--
. .. ... i!e;~q :q# 'by avapors ng- iwi
In
RM IrdWI-6v'en*ig~,~014j. Xor!-~th 'Li_ evapovat. on,'-- atid-:6sed- quartz -ovena.
--used~-j or -tY--e-z-ther- I- ----The atomic c
s a t- .-the
were- -- wystal ranged:
f rom. 107 atom/,,.1ia sec for -Cs and K to 5 x 109 a' - Cm2 see.for in. The silicon crystal
tow
was outgassed~and annealed at 11350-160COX before the measurem~efits. Miring the anneal
the room temperature resistivity of the silicon crystal decreased by a-factor 2 and
thereafter-remained stable. Tive length of entrance slit of the anss sj)ectro ter
was I mm; long were accordingly--4idmit-ted-only-fron-th-a-d(-~n-f-r-a-Y-p-o-r-t~ion of the crys;tal
Wjje--jjj the temperature was unif orn. The pressure -in the stainless steel chamber vas
maintained below 10-7 mm Rg duking the measurements. The thermoelectronic wo-ik
function, derived from Richardson. plots, was found-to be 4.-04,t 0.05 V; it was in(e-
pendent of the field strength at:the crystal-surface.over the range from 75 to 1220
V/cm. --I No temperature dependencef Lof the surface ionization currents of Cs and K wa a
found in the temperature range investigated;;the surface ionization thresholds for,
these petals occur at Aower temperatures. The surface ionization currents of Na,
Li, and In varied with temporature-in accor--' with the Saha-Langimair equation, and
all three metils gave the same value 4.9 V for the work function,within thb expert-
mental error of,less than 0.1 V. Possible reasons are discussed for the large dis.-
crepancy between the thermoolectronic and surface ionization work functions and no
satisfactory explanation is found. Further investigation is n ecessary, The authors
Card 2/3

ACC NR: AP?008115
SOURCE CODE; UR/O'0Zdj0/l;?2/G04/0885,(0888
AUTHOR: Zandborgry E. Ya.; Rasubrij U. Kh.; Shustrov, D. 11.
ORG; Physicotechnical Institute im. A. F. Ioffe, Academy of Science!;, SSSR (Fi2dko-
1 takhnichaskiy institut Akadamii nauk SSSI)
TITIS: Thernionic emission of -)ositive ions of certain organic cormounds f rom tung-
sten oxides
-888
SOURCE: AN SSSR, Dokladys v. 172, no. 4, 19672 885
TOPIC TAGS.' thermionic emission, tungstert compound
ABSTRACT: E=eriments were carried out on thermionic emissl,on from tungsten oxides
in a mass spectrometric apparatus in-the presence of various organic compounds at
lo-5 mm Hg.* The following compounds produced thermions: diethylamire, -phenol,
aniline) trimothylhydrazino, acetone peroxide, several amino acids, and also acetic
and fonnic acid. Most attention was devoted to the ionization of the first four
compounds. The spectra of thornionic emission from, turgstnn oxides (at T-6-11001.0
and tungsten (at T>,2000*K) art.) tabulatod. With the axception of aniline, ion3 CeprO-~,
santing products of surface reactions were obserred in all cases. -The results are
in accord with previously advanced hypotheses on the formation of thomions by both
cattalytic dissociative ionization and formation of "heavy" ions in chemical surf"ace
reactions. Tho temperature dependence of thermipnic currents from tungsten oxida
Card 'Z UDC: _537,58

ACC NR: AP7008115
surfaces -was -determined; the bell-jar shape of the I f (T) curves obtained indicated
the similtaneous occurrence of ionization and dissociation of the particles on -.he
surface. In the case of aniline, the I = f(T) function was exponential. It is
noted in conclusion that the thermal ionization of organic compounds on the surface
~of solids may be used as a method of studying processes of heterogeneous cataly*,is.
''Authors thank N. I. lonov for discussing the results 'and.I. N. Bakulin for his assist-
ance. Tho paper was presented by Academician Konstant'inov, B. P., 13 Apr 66. orig.
1art. has: 3 figures a~ I table.
SUB CODE: 07/ SUBX DATE: 11Aor66/ ORIG REEF: 007/ OTH. REFt 006

~,Irr ~r',-T ~il In IJP(-C) ---JD/J-u/AT'
ACC NR. %P6010"19 SOUXE CCOE: UR 0057/66/036/006/0963/0!180
Zindbar,-,, E. Yn. ; Tontegode, A- Ya,
Or,:__1jiysicotoc1inica1 Institute ira. A.P.10fic, M11 SSSR, Leningrad (Fizik6-tokhnich-
es,'U., institut AN SSSR)
T:T!E: 1,cnit= thorn oqajtjars-;-a survey
SGUIN-M* Zhurn,,il teldinicheskoy fiziki, v. 36, no. 6, 1066, 063-00
TO210 TAGS; rhonium, thernionic omisnion, surface ionization, ion source, mass
spcctromotry, licid on, ission, thermionic energy conversion rejv6: Po,,ur.,
64..)0111 & "1:'r'--'U C 7-."ox-) .1 R ErC-fg C 7-01Z 9"7 LF r;--i 4-
ADSMACT: In this survey article, which has a bibliography 6f 74 entries , the
autaors roview the properties of rhonium with particular attention to its use as a
thormionic emitter and as a medium for surface ionization and- compare then, with thoso
of other refractory metals such as tungsten, molyWonum, and tantalum. The scope of
the survey is indic~&ted by tho.section and subsection headings: 1) Melting point; i:)
Heat of vaporization and vapor pressure; 3) Crystal structure; 4) Mechanical proper-
ties; 5) Electric conductivity; 6) Chomical proportion, a) Roaotion with carbon, b)
Reaction with nitrogen, c)
Reaction with oxygen, d) Reaction with water, e) Reactiot.
with Alundum; 7) Spectral emissivity; 6) Thermionic emission; 9) Surfaco ionization
work function; 10) Surface ionization of alkali halide molecules; 11) Examples of
Card 1/2

1, 348 17- 66
ACC NRz A115-018719
applications, a) Surface ionization ion sources for mans upoctromotorai b) Eloctrozi
inpact ion sources for nass spectr6n, otors , c) Field emitters 0 d) Ionization gagos 0 o)
Bncr~;y convertors. In t1jo BeCt4oll on 3rystal structure thore arc also discussed tho
toxttwe of polycrys t al line rhenium and tho use of thin rhoniwn films on substrates of
other rofrnotory motnln, Tho,vrzolti-rg point of rhonium is lowor than that of tunasten
and its woric i'snotion is highor; rh8n-ium it. accordingly not always tho most suitab4lic
material for applications requiring the--highost possible thermionic emission. M.,-.nium
ho,aovor, coinbines n relatively lo%v thormionic work function and a high surface ion'..za-
tion woric function with advantageous mechanical properties, a high molting point, t-.
lo-a vapor pressure in the operating temperature range, and a chemical inertness that
assures vory stable operation. The authors predict that rhenium will find incr
u3c as thermionic onittors and Burfaco ionization media in special oloctrolic devices.
Orig. art. has: 4 formulas, 12 figures, and 6 tables. (151 1
S-0 CODE: 20
if ///
ATD PRESS*. So
I '
SU13M DATE: 23Dcc65/
ORIG REF: 038/ OM REP: 026
Card 2/2

L 459!7-66ENT(l) AT
ACC NR: AP6628M'
SOURCE CODE: UR/0057/66/036/008/1459)'1468
~AUTHOR,. Paleyev,V.I.; Karatayev*V.I.; Zandberg, H,Ya,
;ORO: Physicotechnical Institute im. A.F.1offe, AN SSSR, Leningrad ( Lal ch-
leskiy institut AN SSSR)
TITLE: On the applicability of the Saha-Langmuir formula to the description of tho
temperature dependence of the positive, !on current incident to surface ionization of
atoms on silicon
SOURCE: Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fAziki, v. 36, no. 8, 1966, 1459-1468
TOPIC TAGS: surface ionization, silicon single crystals work function, thermionic
emission, contact potential, Richardson equation 10V C'UdCR6,07-
akRAM ,The authors have previously investigated the surface ioni.~.qetion of Na, Li,
and In on ia (111) face of a silicon single crystal (ZhTF, 350 20920 1965) and obtihined
from their results, with the aid of the Saha-Langauir formula, the value 4.9 V for the
work function of the (111) face of silicon@ This value of the work function is much
greater than the value 4o0 V obtelned from Richardson plots@ Possible hypothesized
reasons for this discrepancy are discussed briefly and moat are found to be unconirin-
cing. To clarify this situation, measurements of the work function by dik'ferent
techniques were undertaken, The measurements were made on the (111) face of a p-type
silicon crystal with a resistivity of about 1000 ohm cm. Contact potential work
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L 45917-66
functions were derived from retarding potential cur;veg, t4'.t1w th*rmoolectron emlailion
current and of the positive Imi current frvu surface iorz~liazlan of Cesium by comp&r41-
son with analogo:;.L; oUW,6# Obtained rith tunpten and graphite emitters. The thermo-
electron emission current was also measuzedg 'and work lunctions wera derivad botb from
Richardson plots and from the total emission current* The retarding potential curves
showed that both the electrons and the positive ions had Maxwellian distrWiTions with
temperatures equal, within the error of 1000 C to the temperatu-.v of the
emitter, The contact potential work functions derived from the retarding
curves were independent of temperature over the investigated range 9;~-om 1100 to 1,6000K
and wer6 equal* within the experimental error of about t 0,1 V, to the value nreiriousl~
obtained with the aid of the WkA-Langmuir equation from the tomperature depondelice of
the surface ionization. The tot;;;l emission current work function was equal to the 4con--,
tjs~ct potential work function of 16000K but had a temperature derivative of 6 V/
decree. Richardson plot gave the plreviou~3 low value for the work funct.,o.. (4.07 �
05 V,',F. Froz the agi-ement betwz7Li~ the contact potential and surf ace ioniza ;ion wor%
_Actions it is concluded that the Saba-Langmuir equation correctly describes the
termerature dependence of the surface ionization of No, Li, and In on silicon. Fassible
reasons for the low value of the Ri,-bardson plot work function are briefly disetfised,
but none is selected as the most likely. The authors thonkj1hj,1onov and HD.Pptekhin,
for discussions* Orig* art. has: 5 formulas, 6 figures and I table.
SUB CODE: 20 SUBM DAM 03janG6 ORIG, REFt Oll OTH REF; 008
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