SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LOZINSKIY, M.G. - LOZINSKIY, M.G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000930630001-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 23, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

L 229?ej-66
Acc NR-., AT6oo8655
plastic specimens. The machine is designed for sheart tension, and compression
testing in conditions of automatic programmed one-sided heating of specimens up
to 1300K with a temperature increase rate of UP to 500 per second in air and in
an enclosed gas medium. A movable electric oven open on one side is used for
maintaining the programmed temperature. Regulation of the specimen temperature
is effected by automatically varying the distance between the oven and the spec-
imen surface. The construction and the methods of conducting tests with the
IMASh-11 machine are described by M. G. Lozinskiy and G. Ye. Vishnevskiy
(Ustroystvo d1ya izucherdya zakonomernootey deformatsii i razru-sheniya obratsov,
Byul-letenO izobreteniy, 1963, No. 9). The authors describe the conduct and
results of tests performed to measure the variation of the strength of sheet
specimens of glass plastics AG-M and EF-S with the level of initial constant
stress. Strength and durability characteristics of the materials were measured
in conditions of tension, compression, and shear. The IWh_Ii machine is
shown in a schematic diagram, and a photograph shows the mounting of an M-t
camera used in recording shear deflections. Orig. art. has: 4 tables, 6 figures,
and I photograph.
~SUB COM II/ SUBM DATE: IqAug65/ ORIG RV: 007
Card 2/2 ki,
-2

LOZIN,SXIY, M.- 0-.~
"Surface Hardening of Tools with High Frequency Currents". 0-tanki i Instrument 10, Nos. 6
1939, leningrad ",7-tlana Flant, F-Engineer.
Report U-1505, 4 Oct 1951.

LOZ114.SXTY, V,. G., Engineer
leningrvd Svetlana Plant. "High -'ectro-Tbermic Treati~-Pnt,ll Stanki i
Instrwnent, 10, Nos. 10-11, 19301.
Report U-1505, 4 Oct 1951.

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with alvelat mference to the mlation bbtwc4-t%
dr t ) of harilening soil frequency and to the prooma of heating ill),
11 MMI Or Illay flot, delmild oil ill* mildlivt loll of best into tile
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"Brazing Super-Ifard Alloy Blades on Cutters by Heating with High Frequency Currentf,,
Stanki I Instrument, 14, No. 1-2, 1943.
BR-52059019

-sr W~
LOZINSXIYI M. 0.
Inst. Metallurgy, Acad. Sci., SSSR (-19,46-)
"A New Mlethod of Surface Hardening of Steel with High-Frequency Induction Heating Under W
Water."
Iz. Ak. Nauk, Otdel Tekh. Nauk, No. 4, 1946
At,

LOZINSKIT, M.G., laureat Stalinskoy premii.
High-frequency soldering in machine building. Vest.mash.27
no.3:37-61 147. (KLEIA 9:4)
1.Institut metallurgit imeni A.A.Baykova, AN SSSR.
(Solder and soldering)
%
AV-

to1 A.4 V 11 V bto 0
A0. P. 1, P
!-I -I top tto ItsI-ks
.3T
bar" particularities in the behavior of steel during
-X: rapid basting with hillh4requancy currents. SI.
Ldizinskil. lztv4. Aked. Vamk S.S.s.R., (jarl. 1ekh.
r NwiiV low, HAO-W.-CylindricAl Spedluens 30 lum. in
divin. u( mccls cunig. (1) C 0.441 S o.21, Nin 0.71, 11
it I;
0.010, und S GAZI; (11) C (1,42, Sl O.Z. %In WIWI, INj
027. Cr 1.03, P Oj)l I. aud S lmoi; anti (111) C 0.11.
Si U-95. Un 1.02. N1 Om. cc OAX5, 11 DA18, Atut S U.tmic.;
wen
e bested in a hilitz-frorquency (3(X?,IRKJ cycle) fiCid And
irl . ~
quenched in water, ficating Inve ranged frunj J-12 w.
and quenching temp. from I*io* to tilt M.P. 111equctiched
spechuesm was ttg*d 10( SU&
Act L-411C111CO alld t%4Md. fig
microamd"t. The prow quenching temp. immord
pkU vW the beat-treating range widened as the beating -IVO
*0
IN, I= F" it bratiax timv u( .1 mv,, the iiierraw
In QUCDChID9 ICIUP. UI COMPAUd W 4114F I&CUOUS, U1141 the
Min. WW Max. quenching tfor the 3 steels were: (I j
TP.
100'. 1000~14(xl% (11) 200 IW'-in.p.; (111)
1050'-M.P. It. W. Rathirwim
00 0
00
woo
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or
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it
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00099,0990000*90000006006 0000000000000600000~A

LOZINSKIJ, N. U. ed.
Osnovy teorii i praktika sl-voznogo induktsion nogo nagreva dlia goriachei
shtampocki i kovki. (Vestn. Mash., 1948, no. 5, p. 28-h2)
(Fundamentals of the theory and practice of throu,-,h induction heating for
swaging and drop forgin,-.
DLC: TNI~.V4
SO: Manufacturing and Mechanical Fngineering in the Soviet Union,
Library of Congress, 1953.

USSR/Electricity Doc 48
Thermcolectri city
Generators, 'Vecuum Thbe
Generator Building for Industrial High-Frequenoy
Xlectrvthermy," M~ 0. lozinskly, Cand Tech Sol,
~
Inst of 'Metzl Imeal Maukor, Acad Sol, USSR, 13 PP
Elektrichestvow No 12
Reports method of approximate determination of par&-
motors of,high-frequency generators during various
t.*Pss~ of heating of materials In a quickly var7ing
electromagnetic pole, in connection with technical
characteristics of modern machines, ion and tube
20/49T19
USSR/Electricity (Coutd). Doc 48'
generators of increased and b-igh-frequency. Do-
scribes Impro7ements of these aggregates. Supple-
ments information 16 article, "Unification, of High-
Frequency Installations,* by D. V. Mondrus, S. M..
Margolina, and V. 14.'Zillberman, Engineers, pub-
11shed in *Elektrichostvo* No 4, 1948 (69T27)
20/49T19

LOZINSK-Typ M. G. PA 37/49TI3

tOMM4, M.G.
Case hardening and induction heating ot steel, Moskva,, Goa. nauoh.-tekhn. izd-vo
mashinostroit, 3-it-ry., 1949. 459 p. (50-15758)
Tw5o.M

"Some Regularities in the Deformation of Steel Parts
Caused by Alternate Heating and Cooling." Vestnik Irzhenerovi Tekhnikov~ No 6,
1949.

WZDNSKI~, 11". G. ed.
Flektronagrev zagotovok dlia kovki i shtampovki; tokluiolonlia, rezhiT.7,
osnashchenin; sbornik. Moskva Mash,-
, I -~iz, 1050. 190 n. illus.
Includes bibliographies.
(Electric heatinl~, of bars for forging and punching; technolor-Y, operatin7-
conditions, equipment; symosium. )
DM: TS253-L7
SO: Manufacturin.- and Mechanical Engineering in the Soviet Union,
Library of Congress, 1953.

LOZ114M
I~t_
GUDTSOV, N.T,,/WZINSKII, M.G., ZUDIN, I.F.J
BOGDANOV, A., and YIATVEEVA, M.P. C.A. Vol. 45, 8955 d
"Properti2o of Metals-and Alloys at Hieh TeniReratures in Vacuo." N.T.
Gudtsov, M. G. Lozinskil, 1. F. Zudin, N.A. Bogdanov, and M.P. Y,.qtveeva.
Izvest. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Otdel, Tekh. Nauk 1950, 108-25
App. is described for heating polished steel specimens of 25 sq. mm. cross-sect
area up to the m.p. in vacuo (10-'mm. Hg) and etching at the desired temp. by
admitting Cl, HC1, HN03, N oxides, or air to several mm. Hg pressure. Heating
is accomplished by passing elec. current through the specimen, and the temp. -is
detd. by thermocouples welded to the specimen. Above 9000 the specimens are
etched in vacuo because of the varying rate of vaporization of the phases and
impurities present. Special attachments permit measurement of Vickers hardness
at temp. up to 9000 and of the rate of vaporization of the metal*
Tf _L&~' VV - 6 7 Fq'_~ .6
r_ Z 1~'

LOZIUSKIY, M. G.
USSRA~etals - Stress
EetalloCraphy
Jan 50
"Problem of Invnstigating the Properties of Metnils and Alloys at HiCh Temperat-,:ress in
Vano," Acad U. T. Gudts-ov, M. 0. Lozinskiy, I. F. Zudin, N. A. Pogdnnov, 11! 0 P,
Miatveyeva, Inst of Metal imeni A. A. Paykov, Acad Sci USSR, 17pp
IIIz Ak Nauk SSSR, Otdel Tekh Nauk" 11, 1
Completely describes apparatur (consisting of ordinary large glass bell jai-, vacuum
pimp, and electrical connections) for studying in vacuo behavior of netal samples
under tension and compression at high temperatures. Describes operniting tec!~nioues.
Meters and dials inside and outside the jaw show tensions applied to samples b7 lever
arms, etc. SuInitted 8 Jun 49.
P A 161T104
1,7 51 1,

IgJ

0t Mood" op"I'm owilMA01118 tat
-I (Stonk-i i
WW Ot 098L N' 9 *A critics,
51A"Nu. 7. 13-10). lln ytvAm'u'- . r
tmfn" 'in in fvlturts Of the induction hes"OF 0
wisrulu ofthe.mw fom4p; of induction
fter ,raidering the nature Of I tar conditions on the
Of the elmne
influe VO seco"awtionofthe
t b, connect IOU brIvrcen
nmiti of distribution
persture
i.,juivilaw"l. V..,.Finwnlg . 1'.1 trrrj" an, briptly
I .",I the T"I~ I

USSII/?4etallurgy - Furnacesi Induction Jul 50
Smelting
"High-Frequency Induction Furnaces f or Metal
Smelting in a Vacuum and in a Gaseous Medium,
M. G. Lozinskiy, Cand Tech Sci, Stalin Prize
E-1 Laureate, Metallurgical Inst imeni A. A. Baykovp
"D AcO4 Sci USSR
Vest Mashinostroy" No 7, pp 47-53
Discribes type VVP-II hf induction furnace for
laboratory and industrial use, charge capacity
5 irg, manufactured by "Platinopribor" Plant.
Fiirnace designed to pe=:Lt following operations
under vacuum or protective gaseous medium: ad-
dition of alloying agents, measuring temperature
of metals in liquid state and during crystal-
lization, removal of slag, and stirring liquid
metal. Set includes GL-30 hf generator (20 kw,
2?0/380 7, 50 cp, 6,600 v secondary to gaseous
rectifier, G-431 oscillator tube operating at
250 kc), VN-1 rotary oil pump produced by Moscow
Pla3it imeni Illich, and either glass McLeod gauge
or iherinocouple vacuum meter using LT-2 tube
produced by MOsc ow Blec Lamp Plant. Claims fur-
nace will help develop new alloys and facilitate.
metallurgical research.
163T47,

LOZI'ZSKIY, K. G.
USSR/Me W a - Metallograpby
SOP 50
"Colored Vacuum 9tching of Metal Microsections at High Temperatures,"
N. T. Gudtoov, M. G. Lazinskiy, Inst of Metallurgyt Acad Sci USSR.
"Zavod Lab" Vol XVI,, No 9., pp 1072-1073.
-IiTD PA lo9T50
Describes apparatus and procedure for studying structure of metals and alloys at
high temperatures by heating polished metal-lographic specimens in vacuum.
Insta lation permits reaching temperature up to 1,2000. Vacuum of 10-5 ML
Hg may be attained. Coloration of sections is explained by action on heated
specimen surface of oxygen molecules still present in -all quantity under
vacuum conditions. Difference in coloration of various parts of specimens is
result of variety in chemical activity related to anisotropy of grains*
PA 169T50.

LOUNSKIY) M. G_.- 176TA7
USSR?'etals - Alloys I Aug 50
"Problem of Studying the Initial Stages of Melting in Complex Metallic Systems,"
Acad N. T. Gudtsov, M. G. Lozinskiy, Metanurgical Inst imeni A. A. Baykov,, Acad Sci
USSR
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol LXXIII,, No 49 pp 689-692
Describes new app for testing at high temp complex alloys under vacuum (10_5 M/ag).
Consists of large bell jar and elec circuit for heating samples up to 13500 with speed of
10OCC/min. With it one can now observe initial formation of austenite grains in melt
and initial stages of crystn. High-temp heating of samples has been-greatly acceaerated.
Submitted 9 Apr 50.
FA 176T87

LOZINSKIYt M.G.
USSR/Metals Metallograpby Jun 52
--*Present State and Methods of-Developseut of Vacuum
Metallography," N. T. Gudtsov, M. G. Lozinskiy
"Zhur Tekh Fiz" Vol XXII, No 6, pp 905-920
Metal samples vere heated In vacuum using either
electrocontact method or heat transfer by irradia-
tion. Microscopic study of microstructure vas
performed and hardness of material tested. Des-
cribes equipment used. Received 15 Jul 51.
219T50

UM/Netallurgy, - Aging Aug 52
"Study of the Aging of Metals and Alloys by MeaB-
uring the Hardness During Heating in Vacuum
N. T. Godtoov, M. G. Lozinskiy, Inst of Mach
ConstrAcad Sci USSR.
"Zhur Tekh-Piz" Vol 22, No 8, pp 1249-1255
States s-abject is important for service life of
mach parts operating at high temp. The authors
1 constructed equipment and devised methods of
study (cf, N. T. GucItsov, et al. "Iz Ak Nauk S~BR,
226T39
Otdel Tekh Naakm 1, 108, 1950, and "Dok Ak Nauk
1950) In current article sub-
ject is analyzed by study of q.thange of hardness
under isotherna3 conditions In vacuun and curves
are plotted in coordinates of hardness, temp,..atd
time. Received 1 Jan 52.

226T39

to
10

LOZIIMKI,Y,,, 14.G.
Some design characteristics of high-frequency vacuum furnaces of
small capacity. [Izdaniial WNITOMSH n0-30:140-150 '52,(MLRA 8:1)
(Mectric furnaces)

USSR/Metallurgy - Steel, Structures 1 Jan 52
"Concerning Migration of Austenite Grain Bound-
aries," M. G. Lozinskiy, Inst of Mach Studies,
Acad Sci USSR
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR11 Vol 82, No 1, pP 53-56
Describes equilment and method for studying migra-
tion kinetics of austenite grain boundaries in
steel, using successive short soaking periods at
230T33
1,000-1 -nf1r'O and 1,250-1,390o in vacuo with re-
sidVal pressure about 1.10-5 mm. States that method
broadens possibilities for metallographic investiga-
tions, especially in studying structure of heat-re-
sistaut materials under heating to high terms. *ub-
mitt,_,d by Acarl K. T. Gudtsov.
23CIP33

LOZINSKIY, M. G.
WSR/KetAle - Steel; btructural Analysis 1 May 52
"Methods for Studying the Variations in Hardness of
A
lpha- and Beta-Phases of Steel During Heating to
1,1000 in Vacilo," M. G. Lozinskiy, Inst of Mach
Studies, Acad Sci LUSR
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol LXXXIV, No 1, pp 63-66
Describes expts for establishing regularity in hard-
ness changes of low-carbon steel during its heating
from room temp to 1,1000, 'showing, for the lst time,
character of hardness variation within temp range of
phase transformations. Describes special testing in-
stallation and presents results in form of temp-
hardness-diagram. Submitted by Acad N. T. Oudtsoy
Feb 52. 224T63

TIOZINSKY, G.
GrIlml Of Metal at Erigh
r
Vnd 11. 0. I"insky
-D ~f a" (D.U.1y
1
*
%
F
.
952.
, 1
To investigate the interrial fitrurture of tFP ttrainx, plate
specimew (60 x 10 x 3 min.) of pure metAl,;, ground find
polished on one'enrface, were heated in a vacuum of 10 1 to
10-5 mm. Hg, by pawing 50 c./s. A.C. thrutigh thein for
period$ of from a few min. to some hr. Up to HOW 0.

tem
the p. was measured with a thermoroupin glint -Aveldol
to the 1IP4~firlen Aurface; higher kemp. were dedured from the

MetaUurgical .1h. elect. resistance of the 11 men. As a regult, of selective
evaporation, the grain darics of the limpared giii-fam
Vol. 21 May IT-i were clearly viflible (cf. L.. ibid., 10-32, 82,53; 21. 790).

Structure After heating. at temp. of 0-8 -0-75 T, whero T is the

"a"
lly~im sla-minated structure..
to
do up of frat mosaic blocks. -101-HP lattire I. -,;i.
I meters (a) thick, then this structure can he attributed to
variations in the intensity- ofevaporation, o%ving to diffien-iic',
in the bond energies. Photoinicro-raphs of I Id, sI rit, 11!2:.
ar3 given for Wheated for 15-min. at-2000'C-aml Mo lw,o, I
at 1450' C. for 20 min., the thickness or the ni-:tiv
bein -400 and -500 a. resp., ivith mine variatimi for i:i-
l
divi
al blocks in a grain. Length wan inuch :~wiirr Ih;-,n
thickness. The blocks are bent itear tho. grain boutidarit~~.
hi
h
i
di
c
w
n
may
cato that the strength at thn grain kitinflat %
d1frers fwrti that in the grain, for pure metalm. Vnrhi;;%
explanations aro given for the slightly different iirient; ti.'! I
of the blocks observed in 0-45% C sWel heatc(I It I I IX)
For I I hr. (block thickness 400-1500 a).---G. V. 11. T.

r
Uh m bal Abst.
Vol. 48 No. 4
Feb. 259 1954
MetSllUrfy and Metallography
e
Stnicturm rif-augh-nifig t h
sas- R ~-.-
ind
is ",und. at 1300*
under high vacuum and the app. used is described. After
tieing heated to high temp. austenite develops flat blocks
in its grains and increases in chem. heterogeneity of the
grains, which leads to a peculiar dendritic pattern or a nrtr-
tensite pattern art the surface of a polished sample. The
c1lect varies somewhat with different grades of steel. The
selectivity of vacuum evalm. of metals is exhibited not
only in a locally geometric sense, but also in a chem. sense.
in that the various components of an alloy cv*,Ip. at (lif-
ferent rates and alter the compn. G. M. Kosolapoff

'A now niechatilm of dj~j metallic .. 8RIIg W-gons.
S. ana 1%
C
I ract we, AA-ad. Sel. XY,S, D-krady
Akad. Nauk Y.S.S.R. 59, 07-Ut uslation
_~11163)(IS igi. ira
i%sued by;Nall. Sci. Panudation, Hash. D.C. as NSF-tr-19.:
5 pp. (lithe. 1933)).-Allol-s In then-tolid solti.regiorl of the!
Cu-11b syitcm contg. 2, 5. 8. and 12% l1b were melted and!
theis annealed at OW-7W* for 360 hrs. Ctiludrical Samples'
%vere prepil. and anitralcd in rarno at 70U for it lirs. to it-
mo%v worL hatticning. The hardness was dctd. by ini-
pres.sing for 5 min. in vacuo a 4-sided dinmond pyramid with a
Inch st -as tested for hardness at 20.~
1-kg. load. IS ample
20D. 350, SM. 600. 7W. and SM'. All hardne" indenta.
tions were heated to 81W then 661tif and measured at room
temp Below 425-525* depending an the cotnim., the log'.
;of ha;iness Is lincur-%-vith temp. At higher temp. the log;.
:of hardness dr, s sharply. The deviation front linearity'
coincides with Natiges in microstructure In the vicinity of,
the hardness Indents. flelow 425-05' slip bands were
aj observed while at a higher temp. instead of slip bands thr.
4%fressIons were surrounded by many small cells consider-.
Y sm Her than the original course graips. Two limiting,
are: (a) there am no small cells In the original
they come into existence In the process of dL,
(b) the cells exist In the original grains and are
'!reYeaW during deformation. The ikuthors fovor the latter
by Mild Clio as v ce I ap ce Until
Almi'vikilln, targei I *I pt led elect 6e
et ag odl a chUst Ni-5 t r Iloy annealed at I for
10 list. i T.-Cromer-
14.ror

1-1 lie
USSR/.Metallurgy - Steel, Structural Mar 53
Analysis
"The Heterogeneity of Austenite," 1. A. Oding, Corr
Mem Acad Sci USSR; P.- G. Lozinskiy, Inst of Machine
Sci, Acad Sci USSR
DAN SSSR, Vol 89, No 2, pp 275-278
Discuss expts for revealing structure of steels by
holding heated specimens in vacuum from few minutes
to several hours at 1,2000 in hottest zone. In-!
crease in size of grains was usually observed with
temp rise due to proces's of reciystallization.
Grains grew also with increase of holding time.
246T51
Dissolving of old grains in larger new grains could
be observed as is shown on micrographs presented.
'State that possibility of detg temp of complete dis-
iolution of old grain boundaries inside new a-usten-
ite grains is essential criterion for establishing
optimum conditions of steel heat treatment; Also
.conclude that studying of intragranular liquation at
-high temps has.-great importance in evaluating ex-
pediency of steel alloying.

USSR/Metallurgy Vacuum Method in 1 Jul 53
Metallography,
Grain Growth
"On the Shift of Grain Boundaries in Heated Metal,"
1. A. Oding, Corr Mem Acad Sci. USSR; M. G.
Lozinskiy, S. G. Fedotov; Inst of Machine Science,
Acad Sci USSR
bAN SSSR, Vol 91, No 1, PP 75, 76
Presents results of investigations into kinetics
of grain growth ih steel and Sn-bronze during
isothermal holding in vacuum chamber, showing
266T56
successive positions of growing grain boundaries
an tvo micrographs. Discusses behavior of grain
in growth process and calculates linear rate of
boundary movement.

LOZINSKIY, Mikhail Girshevich
Academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, based on his defense,
9 June 1954, in the Council of the Inst of Machine Science Acad Sci
USSR, of his dissertation entitled: "New methods and ppparatus for
high-temperature research of the structure and properties of metals
and alloys in a vasnum."
Academic degree and/or title: Doctor of Sciences
SO: Decisions of VAK, List no. 17, 9 Jul 550 Byalleten' MVO SSR, No. 17,,
Sept 56o Moscow., pp 9-16, Uncl. JPRS/NY-435
A

USSR/Engineering - Yatallurgy FD-1095
Card 1/1 Pub. 41-1/17
Author Lozinskiy, M. G. and Fedotov) S. G.
Title Changes in hardness of pure metals in heating
Periodical Izv. AN SSSR. Otd. tekh, nauk 4, 80-85, Apr. 1954
Abstract Describes experimental installation for hardness testing of metals dur-
ing heating in vacuum up to 1,1000C and discusses results of experiments
with following metals: pure aluminum, electrolytic copper, iron with
0.05% C, electrolytic nickel, pure cobalt, pure titanium, titanium with
1% impurities, and commercial molybdenum and tungsten., Diagrams, illus-
trations. 22 references including two American titles.
Institution
Submitted By 1. A. Oding, Corr. Mb., AN USSR March 26, 1954

-------- ---
Not3in and Alloys Daring Defaramflan by Tea&2 &I Mch
62-Temperitute. M. 0, Lmit-,Gky (Izmf. Aged. Nau~ 8.8.3,R
19K rrekhn.], (10). 3-13).-{In R%mLiu]. 'R det.1p
description is given of an appiratus for oberving chAnM
In microatructure of metala and altoys subjected to tension &D
hightemp, It oonAL-tcdof abigh-vacaurn chamber in which
the specimen under test was held betvevn a fixeil and an
sAijustable Cu jair. The epceirnen wm heated by
a low-voltage current through it, and terup. up to -lOWC.
could be attained. Direct observation of a predatc=W4
section of the sur&,~o is roade possible by InsUttlatka of a
moL microscope prorhM ivith P, c!M-camcm rhot4micro-
he of steel juid high-purity Co specimens am reproduced
niscusaed. Steel specimens contig. 0-18% C~ heated In
r
TWUUM at OW 0. for 30 min., showed wc1defined sustenite 1
S. FoRnra of the specimen at 1OW 0. occurifid along I
9MM boundaries. The photogra
gram pbs showed an Increase in
t(io width of grain boundaries'near the fracture zone. Cb
specimens subjecteti to ten3ge stmesca at 4W0. showed a
triped relief effect which disappeared on cooling. 1%
a
appearance of this relief effect on the polished XqrisQo lof i
*Q) wm sttribuivd chiefly to the aulsotrople mnertits; of the
hexagwial Co lattice existing at temp. up to 471 0.-4. K. L
d StracttLre. (Akimovl. 9m col. 2M.
4'4o.

A.
0/117 669.112.227-34
ainA
-A"ota, of -Austenito
TrangtOrmationa Jrj tk_yu Jj!a-~,un~jjte
:and Itterr*4diat-4, Zones
1954
IL G. Lovinulqr U. S. S. R.
In-4tMAtf(ki' is dbsdribed which evables dircot Ob"Sorvation
Of StGO1 surface Whio-h is thexra~ treated La a va#,ut,~j
aharler. Microfilm cbtjn,a during eats of 3,,prC
atandazd steels j--e discussed in sorne det~qjj. It 4s clai,
-ea
-that tke-- i%ew jrathod erables dire,t
tur-'Y of austenite
~tr=sformalions !n a =h wider inter7al of te=-peratur,,
Ah--,i before. (Bibl. 9)

4-Y)

car at Efth Temperwtures In Vacuum,
Cor
y OW a. 0. Fedowr (Irree, Aw. Sauk
'-IM rrekhn.1 (12, ft-H),Un Itu?jd*nj. 'Ile
Vicke 'mierchstdness of a n single crystal and of & #IxTi.
men of remelted electrolytic Cu was determined in vacutita
iinthe'temp.rmn
d i
d
t
i
d
t
h di
9
i
trs were carr
t
amon
en
e
a w
n
1s
AL
i ~ut o~ miefuily annealed specimervi by subjecting thein to a
I*
f
h
or t
mIn, The hardnessItemp, relat.tan
e
ilo&dofIkg.for
single ciyaw Was represented by & gradual and sinvothly
"decreasing cum up to 700*C X'creaw became
pronouncM. In contmst, the curve for lycryst.
MOM

of hulootion at 5W Below
Ou epeaumns showed * pain'
lXcry~t. Cu wiLs hs"ler than, 13--twean 6W and
SW C.
SWO C, bard than, between BW and DOW C. as bard
C
en
a singlis Ou crystal. A study of. mlcroph~tographz taL
during and after the experiments revealed the cause of this
behaviour of tfe h4rdnesaltemp. cu"e. The deformatm
In CU single cry-Stals prooceded up to 7W C. by the dis~-

Mant mechanlm and only above 70QY* 0. PA the boundaries
of bbake of allghtljr Merent,orientation, wldch becanw
vlaibla o*atb4h tamp, Inpolya Cu, the deformation
W b
d
i
W
ar
es -
oun
gr
berm the rz;ff=ofh4MaM
600 C
b
4t
ave
6
.;
emp.a
At tMt temp. Abu" OW 0-1 yiscow dow bepn In both
-a K L
eamena
S
.
p
ps,

USSR/Physics-'Carbon steel, hardness FD-1224
Card 1/1 Pub. 153-8/2-2
Author : Ioozinskiy. M. G. and Fedotoy, S. G.
Title : Effect of carbon content on hardness of carbon steels at high tempera-
tures
Periodical : Zhur. tekh. fiz. 24, 1609-1612, Sep. 1954
Abstract : Tests vere carried out by the authors in order tc study the effect of
carbon content in ordinary carbon steels on laws governing the varia-
tion of hardness in the range from room temperature to 8000. The ap-
plied methods are described. These are considered less expensive and
less troublesome than those usually employed. Nineteen references in-
clu&ing 2 foreign.
Institution :
Submitted : February 25., 1954
M

iol)
the stguc! n6 of metsh.4nd &He 19
at Np temperatutes,
77~
ik &1dW
V
k
i
~
g and %,Q.q,4DA
~k T
~
- in
1, in-
essm
xo
rx%
, o
j
proved app. for heatinumetallurtical specimens in vacuum
Chemical Abstracto by radiation or by elec. resistance of samples am described,
May.25
1954 SO well as the app. for studying thermal transformations
*
P under a microscope
for. long periods at temps. up to 3000
Metallurgy and Meyhllograpby at 4W magnifications. In the latter, the 1. A. Andin
objective with. a focal length of 15 min. Is used, and the
-deposition of vaporized material on the observation glass is
prevented by interposing between It and the hot specimen
a movable screen of Mo foll. Photomicrographs give the
appearance of austenite heated between 1000 and 1340*.
Grain growth occurs at 1150 and Instantaneously, since
ItJs not possible to see.the gradual absorption of smaller
grains by larger ones, after which Vain size increases but
much slower. Original Vain boundaries, appearing as
grooves, persist idter r=ystri. and disappear only at 1340*.
-Cooling austenite to 650 * developed in It a relief . Image
formed by a series of straight parallel lines never observed
before and which, conceivably, might be similar in.origin
to martenside transformations taking plw-e on much faster'
Cooling but aswed. with pronodneed slippage phenomena
during ferrite formation. Heating W wire contg. 0.05%
At to 3000* converted original elongated grain7 composed
of many differently oriented smaller i-rystals"into single
grains of the same orientation, but widened grain bound-
Ades about 8 times owing to the evapn. of impurities scgre-
Iron at 20
W)
mIc
ocra
hs of
ra
Phot
th
d i
t
em.
o
r
,
e
n
,
ga
g
y
p
1000, and 1100* show the nonuniformity of austenite
F
caused by increasing temp. and the grain growth assocd.
photomicro-
with the formation of a solid snin. Color

o 9!aphs of heat-tinted NJ, Armco Fe, and a Cr-Mo allay arc.
C
D
t
J
7_q .
.
a
given.
,

LOZ117SKIY, Mikhail Grigorlyevich, laureat Stalinskoy premii, doktor
..--Vbkb_n1cheskikJi nauk; ISIdMNA, T.F. , redaktor; DMITRIYWA, A.V.
tokhnicheskiy redaktore
[Industrial use of high-frequency induction heating] Promyshlennoe
primenente nagreva tokami vysokoi chastoty. Moskva, Izd-vo "Zmania,"
1955. 39 P. (Vassoiuznoe obahchestvo nD rasprostrananiiu politi-
cheekikh i nauchmykh znanil, Berlia IV, no. 18.) (MLRA 8:8)
(Induction heating)

LOZINSIMA 1-1. G.
94--thods of Investigating the Structure of Iktals end Kuoys During High-
Temperature Heating Under Vocuum." From the bo~ k, "He5t Treatment ond
Properties of Cost Steel." edited by N. S. Kreshchanovskiy, Mosligizz, Moscow
1955.

A_
USSR / Mechanical Properties of Crystals and Polycrystallic E- 9
Compounds.
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 4, 1957, No 9412
Author .--Inzinakiy, Mfl.
Title : New Methods of Investigation of Processes of Deformation of
Metals and Alloys at High Temperatures.
Orig Pub : Peredovaya tekhnologiya -mashinostr. m., AN SSSR, 1955, 219-
243
Abstract : Brief description of setups for the investigation of micro-
structure in properties of metals and alloys when heating
and cooling in vacuum.
Card
N

L02DOM, Mildiai.1 Grigorlyevich
Vysokotemperaturnaya Metallografiya. Moskva, Mashgiz, 1956.
311 P. illus., diagrs., tables.
Bibliography: P. 302-310.
-5.

L& 41~, c) r,,, t ~ , ol, (:,
Category : USSR/Solid State Phycica -- Phrse Transformations in E-5
Solid Bodies
Lbs Jour : Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 3, l9fi7, No 6608
.Wthor : Lozinskiy, III.G.
Title : Apparr-Tus -and Method for the Study of the Structure rnd
Properties of Metal end Alloys at High Temperature in Vacuum.
Orig Fub Tr. Nauch..-tekhn. o-vv chernoy metallurgii, 1955, 3, 171-227
Abstract Report on a setup develol-ed by the author of vacuum ap-
paratus end a proceditre for its utilization. Bibliography,
46 titles.
Card

USSR/Engineering --Metaliurgy
Card 1/1 Pub 41 - 7/16
Author : LOZINSKIY) M. G.)and FEDOTOV, S. G. -) 1/10 5 cow
Title : Peculiarities of the microstructures and the mechanism of
hardness change of certain precious metals, when heated in
a vacuum.
Periodical
Abstract
Institution
: Izv. AN SSSR, Otd. Tekh. Nauk 5, 109-113) May 1955
: Describes the experimental method and the results of heat-
ing samples of precious metals in a vacuum. The metals
tested were: iridium, rhodium, platinum, pailaaium, gold
and silver. The test samDles were heated up to 2,OOOOC for
iridium and 8001C for silver. Micro-photographs of the
samples were taken during the heating process, s-d thuE
the grain structural changes were recorded. Hardness tests
were also made during the heat treating process; the purpose.
of the experiment was to determine.the hardness of these
pure metals at high temperatures. Micro-photographs, graphs,
tables. Eight references, 6 USSR.-
: Institute of Machine Science, Academy of Sciences USSR.
Submitted : April 4,1955

t41
(IOW-Squip--ent for high-ttrip
d steel -,it a Mo tcr,---n fr Lrv- nual
!n-0

gimering Heat treating
cam: IA Fab. 128 - 13/28
Sharyy,,A* Ya..,.Eng; Lozins 7, m. G.p Cand. of Mlech. So,; Sorensen, S. V.9
Active Mem.1p Acad. of So.p Ukr. 55K.J* and Garf, M. E.,,Cand. of Mech. So.
Title Concerning the efficient heat treating of crankshafts for the DT-54 tra tor
0
diesel engines
Periodical. t Vest'. mash. 35/6p 56 - 60, Juln 1955
hbvtraeV~ s During the period 1949-1951, of from ~-0.8% of all DT-54 diesel engines
mauu:CaeWrsd by-the Stalingrad Tractor Flantp were rejected due to defects
in engine crankshafts. Approximately 91.2% of these defeotewere caused by
thebreaking of crank webs and pins. For this reason,-operational tests
were conducted to determine the magnitude of torque., banding, dynamic load,
and vibration factors in crankshaft operation, and to determine the influence
efficiency of crankshafts. Three USSR refere
noes (1950-1955). Drawings;
illustrations; graphs; table.
OUInAtted'. t
NX

x i lkrh ItypXIgh- doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk; SETIMOK,
G.Yu., inzhener, vedushchiy redaktor; UUMCH3110. N.V., Icandidat
khimichaskikh nauk, radaktor
[Now apparatus for studying microstructurs and properties of metals
and.alloys at high temperatures) Move pribory dlia iseledovantia
mikrostruktury I evoistv metallov t splavov pri vysokikh tempers-
turakh. Tema 3. no-P-56-425. Moskva, Gostekhnika SSSR, 1956. 49 p.
(Metals at hIgb temperature) (MLRA 10:7)
(Notallograpby)
im -

h doktor tekhnichaskikh nauk; BSLUYEVA,
etlSefiffn*e4s`ikh nauk, retseazent; RAIRSHTAUT, A.G.,
kandidat tekhnicheekikh nauk, redaktor; TIKHONOV, A.Ya., tekhni-
cbeeki.v redaktor
[High temperature metallographyl Vyookotemparaturnaia metallografila.
Moskva, Goes nouchno-takhn. izd-vo maahinostroit. lit-ry. 1956.
311 P. (HLRA 10:2)
(Ketallography) (Metals at high temperatures)
N
R

t ~ S-
137-58-3-5844
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 3, p 196 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Lozinskiy, M. G.
TITLE: Kinetics of P-Vo Transformation in Iodide Titanium (Kinetika
prevrashcheniya iodidnogo titana)
PERIODICAL: V sb. : Prochnost' metallov. Moscow, AN SSSR, 1956,
pp 199-205
ABSTRACT: The ~-*-O( transformation occurring in iodide Ti containing
less than 0.01 percent of impurities was investigated by means of
direct observation through a microscope of the formation of
acicular contours on the polished surface of a specimen which was
subjected to heating in vacuum. A description of the photographic
methods and equipment employed is given. The direct observation
and the taking of photographs wereperformed during the cooling
of the specimen 5tartin from the (-,5 range. Microphotographs of
separate stages of the Vo-CV transformation are given and the
kinetics of the process are discussed.
A. F.
Card 1/1
Ti

V
Category USSR/Soli~d State Physics - Mechanical properties of crystals and poly- E-9
crystalline compounds
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957, No 1351
Author 1,ozinskiy, M.G., Fedotov, S.G.
Title :-& TSe_Co_Fr_e_Ia_Fion Between the Compression Hardness and the Modulus of
Normal Elasticity of Pure Metals at Higher Temperatures
Orig Pub. : Izv. AN SSSR, Otd. tekhn. n., 1956, No 3, 59-67
Abstract : An investigation was made of the connection between the hardness of the
metal as an index of resistance to plastic deformation, and the modulus
of normal elasticity, as a characteristic of the elastic properties of the
metal. The hardness was measured with thirteen pure metals heated to 11000
or to the melting temperature, using a vacuum setup constructed by the
author. The values of E were calculated from the datural transverse oscil-
lations at resonant frequency. The results were compared for 20, 500, and
8000. The result was that the data for most metals, Vhen-platted in Hv -E
coordinates, give a clearly pronounced linear relationship between the
measured characteristics. Exceptions are W, Mo, Ti, Zr and Co, which dis-
play a sharp loss of strength upon a slight rise in temperature. At 8000,
Card 1/2

Category U~SR/Solid State Physics - Mechanical properties of crystals and poly- E-9
crystalline compounds
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 1, 1957 No 1351
deviations from'linearity are observed for metals in vhich viscous flow
occurs along the grain boundaries when the hardness is measured. The
authors believe that the principal role in the resistance to plastic de-
formation at increased temperatures is played by the strength of the inter-
atomic bonds, characterized by the modulus of elasticity.
Card 2/2

LOZINSKIT. M.G.; GUTERIM, H.B.
Hi6iy heat-resistant indenters for measuring the )iardness of
metals at temperatures up to 13000 in a vacuum. Zav.lab.no.11:
1358-1363 '56. (HIMA 10:2)
1. Institut mashinovedeniya Akademii nauk SM.
(Metals--Testing)

zlxs

LOZINSKIY - M. G. and GUTERMAN, M. B.
I
"High Beat Stable Indentore for Measuring the Hardness of
Metals When Heated to 1,30G0 in a Vacuum," by M. G. Lozin-
skiy and M, B. Guterman, Institute of Machine Science, Acad-
emy of Sciences USSR, Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, Vol 22, No 11,
1956, PP 1358-1363
Present methods used in measuring the hardness of metals and alloys
are based on indentation. For extending the temperature range of the
,tests and increasing the longevity of the indentor tips it was necessary
.1io find new materials capable of replacing the technical diamonds being
UIBed. As the result of many comparative tests, synthetic corundum (ar-
tificial sapphire) tips were found toJhe most suitable for measuring
alloy hardness at temperatur~_-s up to 1.,3000, under vacuum.
Schematic drawings of a diamond-tipped indentor and a sapphire-
tipped indentor used in the tests are shown. Photomicrographs of the
imprints of both type tips on test metals supplement the text.

KIDIN. Ivan Nikolayevich; LOZINSK daktor; ROZENTSVBYG, Ya.D..
redaktor izdateliv"tVift&YL6ov64~".-rv,.Y., tekhnicheakiy redektor
(Phase conversions during accelerated annealing of steel) Fazovv
prevrashcheniia pri uskorennom nagreve stali. Moskva, GoB.nauchno-
tekha.izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi i tevetnoi metallurgii, 1957- 92 0-
(Steel--Rest treatment) (HIBA 10:9)

UZHIK, Georgly Viktorovich; 401# X.G.Pdoktor tekhnichaskikh nauk,
otvetstvsnn~ry redaktor, 'M .,redaktor izdatel'stva;
WHIRL, F.S..tekhnichaskiy iedaktor
[Strength and plasticity of metals at low temperaVares] Prochaost.1
J plastichnost' metallov pr;i*nizklkh temperaturakh. Moskva, Ixd-
vo Akad. nauk SSSR. 1957. 191 Pe (XLBA 10:5)
(Metals at lo.w.,temperatures)
j7
TIE

SOV/123-59-16-64"
Translation fr-om.- Referativnyy zhurnal. Mashinastroyealye, 1959, Nr 16, p 122 (USSR)
AUTHOR., Lozinskiy, M.G.
TITLE.- Problems of Strength at the Induction Heating of Steel
PERIODICAL: Sb.:Prom, primeneni7e, tokov vysokoy chastoty. Riga, 1957, 206 - 212
ABSTRACT: The possibility was investigated to increase the static strength of
cylindrical parts by the local surface tempering of the areas of acnasn.
trated stresSeB, subjected to induction heating with high frequency
currents. Samples of hardened steel of the 4OKh grade, which were provided
with deep annular grooves, werle exposed to induction heating with high
frequency currents which warranted the local temparing of the surface 14yer
near the grooves. As a result of such a treatment the breaking stress at
the static-tests of the samples increased by more than 2.5 times. The in-
stallation for carrying out the tests is described. 6 figuresA 2 references.
K.S.M.
Card 1/1

SOV/1 37- 58 - 10 2 1526
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurna I, Me ta I I urgiy a, i958. Nr 10. p 15 1 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Lozinskiy, M. G, . --
TITLE: Certain Peculiarities of Elastic and Plastic Deformation of
Metals and Alloys Under Conditions of Heating and Stretching
(Nekotorvye osobennosti uprugoy i plasticheskoy deformatsii
metall'ov i splavov pri nagreve i rastydzhenii)
PERIODICAL: Dokl. 7-y Nauchn. konferentsii, posvyashch, 40 letiyu
Velikoy Oktyabr'sk- sots, revolyutsii. Nr Z- Tomsk. Tomskiy
un-t, 1957, pp 54-55
ABSTRACT: A presentation of results of a microscopic investigation of
processes of elastic and plastic deformation (D) of metals and
alloys under conditions of heating and stretching in vacuum
Experiments were carried out on apparatus of the IMASh-5
and IMASh-5M type equipped with de,.ices for measuring the
magnitude of D of specimens (S) under tens'-on and capable of
taking still and moving pictures of individual stages of D and
destruction processes occurring in the same region on the
surface of a S. It is shown that the formation of a micro
Card 1/2 relief, which is observed on the polished surface of a pure Go S
-W~

SOV/1 37-58 -10--21526
Certain Peculiarities of Elastic and Plastic Deformation
after it has been elongated and heated into the a region (4770C), is attribu-
table to the elastic D of individual crystals. The micro-re)ief disappears
completely when the S is cooled and relieved of its load. If the S is heated to
higher temperatures and if greater tensile stresses are employed (greater
than 6 kg/mm2), the micro-relief is preserved even after cooling o'i the S;
this indicates that slip D takes place under these conditions. During elonga-
tion ci S' s of low-alloy steel (0. 03-0, 450b C) and of steelof austenite class,
diff,!rent mechanisms of D and destruction were observed, depending on the
temperature at which the experiments were carried out.. At temperatures
below the equicohesive point, the slip D and initial stages of destruction
originate within the grains, whereas at temperatures above the equicohesive
point the failure occurs along the grain boundaries. It is demonstrated that
in many instances the microcracks formed on individual grain boundaries
during a single heating cycle tend to "heal." during cooling, in the course of
repetitive heating of an S to temperatures above the AC3 point, and do not
reappear in the same region upon repeated heating. The phenomenon of
"healing" is explained by the cohesive forces created when the walls of the
microcracks come back into contact with each other. Local weakening of
separate zones of steel S1 s, caused by multiple heating cooling cycles in the
range of phase - transformation temperatures, is explained by the action of
thermal stresses. 1. Metals--Microanalysis 2. Metals--Deformation 3. Metals--Test
Card 2/Z results V. N.

IV 6 24-9-7/33
AUTHURS: Antipova, Ye. I., Guterman, M. B. and Lozinskiy, M. G.
(Moscow)
TITLE: Certain features of polymorphous 0 to a, transformation of
pure (iodide) titanium. (Nekotoryye osobennosti
polimorfnogo 0---)a-prevrashcheniya chistoGo, (iodidno6o)
titana).
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye Tek-hnicheskikh
Nauk, 1957, No.9, pp.45-49 + 6 plates (USSR)
ABSTR.ACT: Until very recently very little information has been
published on direct observetions of the polymorphous
transforaation of titanium and no detailed information
was available on the kinetics of this proces3, the
exception being a paper by Lozinskiy, M.G. (Ref.7). Such
direct observations at elevated temperatures can only be
carried out bz6heatinG in vacuum with a residual pressure
of 1o-5 to lo mm Hg (Ref.8). In this paper the experi-
ments are described which were carried out by the authors
at the-Institute of r.,Iechanical Din~lneering, Ac.Sc. USSR
(Institut Vlashinovedeniya AIN SSSR) on titanium containing
various small additions of iron, silicon, aluminium and
Card 1/3 carbon, as specified in the table, p.45. The experiments
:r

24-9-7/33
Certain features of polymorphous 0 to a transformation of pure
(iodide) titanium.
were carried out" by means of methods and equipment
described in the book "High Temperature Metallography"
of Lozinskiy, M.G. and also by means of dilatometric
tests ig the temperature range from room temperature up
to 1000 0. Titanium specimens of 6 x 2 x 60 mm were used,
whereby the metallographic cut was made at the 60 x 6 mm
surface. The graph, Fig.1, p.46, Shows dilatometric
curves for temperatures up to 1000 C and these s4ow that
a to transformation starts at about 860 to 880 S and
that to a transformation proceeds at 900 to 880 C.
Fig.2 shows a series of micro-photographs taken from the
same surface of oa specimeh during heating for twenty
minutes at 1050 C at a vacuum of lo-5 mm Hg. Fig-3
shows a series of micro-photographs of a specimen surface
during 0 to a transformations in vacuum. Fig.4 shows a
micro-photo of a "plane" crystal of a,-titanium forming in
the process of polymorphous transformation when investi-
gating the micro-structure in vacuum;-Fig-5 shows a micro-
photo of a "plane" a-titanium crystal subjected to
0 to a, transformation during cooling in vacuum. Fig.6 shows
Card 2/3 a martensite-like micro-relief during 0 to a transformation

24-9-7/33
Certain features of polymorphous 0 to a transformat-*-on of pure
(iodide) titanium.
on a polished surface of a titanium specimen, whilst Fi,-,.7
shows a micro-photo of a zone of coexistence of the
original micro-structure of the iodide titanium specimen
and of the micro-relief forming as a result of P to a
transformation. By means of high temperature metallography
methods, the different kinetics of growth have been
elucidated of a-titanium crystals during polymorphous
0 to a, transformation. It was established that the time
of formation and growth of a,-titanium crystals until
reaching their final dimensions ma exceed 1/16 see and may
also continue at a rate of 0.8-1.2 /see. In individual
cases an additional growth of t~e cL-titanium crystals with
an average rate of 0.06 to 0.08 /see was observed during
the polymorphous transformation. The here described
schemes illustrate the causes of observation of differing
kinetics of growth on the a-titanium grains observed on the
specimen surfaces.
There are 9 figures, 1 table and 9 references, 6 of which
are Slavic.
SUBMITTED: May 24, 1957.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 3/3

&4 - -
AUTHOR: Lozinskiy, M. G. (Moscow) 24-11-3/31
TITLE: Some trends )f 'urther development of high temperature
metallography. (Nekotoryye napravleniya dallneyshego
razvitiya vysokotemperaturnoy metallografii)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk_SSSR, Otdeleni-ye Tekhnicheskikh
Nauk, 195?, No.11, pp. 14 26 + 8 plates (USSR)
ABSTRACT: From 1947 onwards development work was started in the
A. A. Baykov Institute of Metallurgy, Ac.Sc. USSR
(Institut Ketallurgii im. A. A. Baykova AN SSSR) under
the direction of N. T. Gudtsov on methods and instruments
for investigating the micro-structure and the properties
of materials within a wide range of temperatures and a
number of investigations were carried out (Refs.10-13).
This trend was further developed in the Institute of
Mechanical Engineering, Ac.Sc. USSR (Institut
Mashinovedeniya AIT SSSR) where investigations were carried
out of the temperature dependence of the properties and
of the micro-structure of heated metals and alloys under
the direction of I. A. Oding between 1950 and 1953
(Refs.14-17) and from then onwards under the direction
of the author of this paper (Refs.18 and 19). The
Card 1/6 various fields of investigations carried out by means of

24-11-3/31
Some trends of further development of high temperature metallography.
high temperature metallography methods can be sub-divided
into two fundamental groups, namely: methods used for
studying the micro-structure of heated metals and alloys;
studies made during the investigation of the properties
of materials within a wide range of temperatures. For
instance, in studying the relations governing plastic
deformations of metals and alloys, the magnitude of
deformation is determined and the changes are investigated
in the micro-structure of the specimens during the
process of heating in vacuum. In this paper a general
review is given of the results obtained by means of high
temperature metallography methods in the laboratory of
the author of the Instibute of Mechanical Engineering,
Ac.Sc., relating to the features of the processes of
deformation of steel in the case of uniaxial tension and
the effect of repeated heating-cooling cycles. Furthermore,
the technique of selective colour oxidation is illustrated
on some examples which permits detection of the
crystallographic orientation of the individual grains and
of the fe,atures of the micro-structure of metals and
alloys subjected to heating in vacuum. Also, a brief
Card 2/6 description is given of the 14LIAW - 59 test set-up which

24-11-3/31
Some trends of further development of high temperature metallography.
was produced in 1956 in the Institute of Mechanical
Engineering, Ac.Sc. and which permits di-~,ect observation
under the mi--roscope, photographing and filming of the
micro-structure of various materials and also permits
measurement of deformations of heated specimens. In,
para.1 detailed information of the new 14MALD,-5U apparatus
for studying the micro-structuEe of metals and alloys at
heating temperatures up toROO C,by means of which it is
possible to2 produce simultaneously tensile stresses of up
to 60 kg/mm and to measure deformations with an accuracy
of + 1 -g,is given. Fig.2, p.17 contains an axonometric
dra~viring of the working chamber. Fig.3, p.18 is a photo
of the front view of the apparatus; Fig.4, p.19 gives the
basic electrical circuit diagram of the apparatus;for
heat;ng an active specimen cross section of 3 x 3 mm to
1500 C a transformer rating of 3 kVAis required. The
apparatus can also be used for investigating the micro-
structure of specimens in the no-load state, for instance,
for studying the relations governing the recrystallisation,
polymorphous transformations and other processes taking
place during heating and cooling. The further parts of the
Card 3/6 paper deal with results obtained by means of such apparatus,
77

24-11-3/31
Some trends of further development of high temperature metallography.
describing in para.2 the influence of repeated heating-
cooling cycles on the prorSress of deformation of steel
3ox r CA containing 0. 32% C 3 0,92% Si 1 0. 98% Mnly 0.41% Ni
and 0.98% Cr. The configuration of the used sDecimens
is shown in Fig.11 p.16. For obtaining data on the
magnitude of deformation in the case of a constant
temperature as well as during cyclic temperature changes,
the experiments were effected with is8the--maal holding
of the specimens after heating to 880 C and also by
changing tUeir temperature in the range 880 to 640 and
880 to 150'C. It was foundths-tin specimens tested 0after
isothermal holding,following after heating to 880 C?
and alSO in specimens subjected to cyclic changes of the
temperature between 880 and 1500C neck formation and
fracture always occur in the middle part of the specimen.
However7 specimens subjected to 0cyclic heating and
cooling in the range 880 to 640 Cdeveloptwo necks in the
zone of"dancrerous" temperatures and this leads to a low
creep resistance, Some of the actual results of these
experiments are plotted in the graphs and photographs.,
Figs.6-14, Para.3 deals with detection of the features
Card 4/6 of the micro-structure of heated materials by means of
72-

24-11-3/31
Some trends of further development of high temperature metallography.
coloured selective oxidation, The coloration is based
on the varying thickness of deliberately produced oxide
layers,. Work in this field was first carried out by the
author together with N. T. Gudtsov and later by the
author jointly with M. P, Matveyeva and Ye, I. Antipova
(Refs.18,21,22). Figs,,15a shows a riiero-photograph of
the surface of a low carbon steel specimen 0 (0.18016 C)
after ealing for twenty minutes at 1 20 C in a vacuum
of 10_r~= Hg and then coolinG it to 50 C; following
that,air at atmospheric pressure was introduced at the
latter mentioned temperature for 45 sees and within a 3
further minute the chamber ~was acsain evacuated to 10- mm HS,
a f t e r - which the specimen was cooled to room temperature
and then its micro-structure was observed. Fig.15b is a
similar micro-photograph of pure iron containing 0,03% C
after selective oxidation according to the above mentioned
regime,preceded by annealing at 1250 8C in vacuum. Thus
obtained coloured micro-photos for pure nickel and for a
high alloy, Cr-Mo high temperature cast alloy are
reproduced in Fig.15 B and 'I'-,
Card 5/6 NOTE: See also article by the same author relating to this

24-11-3/31
Some trends of further development of high temperature metallography.
subject in "Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov",
1957, No.11, pp.18-42.
There are 15 figures and 22 references, 19 of which are
Slavic.
SUBMITTED: August 2, 1957.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 6/6

AUTHOR: Lozinskiy, M.G., Doctor of Technical Sciences. 129-11-2/7
TITLE: fr-ends of development of high temperature metallography.
(Napravleniya razvitiya vysokotemperaturnoy metallografii).
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, 1957, No.11,
pp.18-42 + 2 plates (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The author, who is a leading authority in this field,
reviers 3xhaustively Soviet developments in high tempera-
ture metallography. The major difficulty caused by
oxidation of the specimen surfaces during micro-structural
investigations at high temperature can be overcome by
heating the specimens inside a protective gaseous medium
or in a vacuum of 1&~4 to 10-b mm Hg. The microstructure
of heated specimens can be detected by subjecting the
surface to the aggressive effect of gases. The basic
factor producing micro-relief on a polished specimen surface
during heating in vacuumere:the selective evaporation,
the effect of internal stresses occurring as a result of
differences in the volumes of existing phases, anisotropy
of the coefficients of thermal expansion of individual
crystallites, etc. On heating the investigated material to
005 to 0.6 times the melting point temperature in a vacuum
Card]/7 of 10 =4 to 10-6 mm Hg, the evaporation of atoms from the

129-11-2/7
Trends of Development of High Temperature Metallography.
boundaries in the individual pEirt3 of the grains of the
specimen surface proceeds with differing intensities. The
evaporation is more intensive from -the boundaries than
from the grain surfaces due to the presence of unavoidable
imperfections and distortions of the crystai lattice of the
boundaries. Apparatus for investigatin.- the micro-
structure of metals and alloys during high temperature
heating and cooling in vacuum has been described in great
detail in earlier work, particularly in the book "High
temperature metallography", Mashgiz, 1956, by the author
of this paper. This paper contains detailed information
on new IIWMAUJ-5MII apparatus for studying the micro-
structuBe of metals and za:lloys at *aeating temperatures up
to 1100 C by means of wiiich it is possible to prosuce
simultaneously tensile stresses of up to 60 kg/mm and to
measure deformations with an accuracy of +11i. Fig.2,p.21,
contains an axonometric dra~,rin., of the woEking chamber and
Fig-3,,p.23, a photograph of b-nis chamber. Fig.4, p.24,
is a photo of the front vievi of t-'--Ie apparatus, Fig-5,p.25,
gives the basic electrical circuit diagram of the apparatus.
For heating an active specime,-i cross section of 3 x 3 mm to
Card 2/7 15000C a transformer rating of 3 kV is required. The

129-11-2/7
Trends of Development of High Temperature Metallography.
apparatus can also be used for investigating the micro-
structure of specimens in the no-load state, for instance,
for studying the relations governing the recrystallisation,
polymorphous transformations and other processes talking
place during heatinS and cooling. A few examples are given
of micro-structure investigations of heated metals and
alloys describing experiments which were partly carried
out by the author and partly by Ye. I. Antipova and
M.B. Guterman. Fig.6, pp.28-29, shows a series of exposures
representing the process of polymorphous 0 to a-
transformation of high purity titanium containing about
0.1% admixtures. Sub-microscopic structural changes in
the same section of the surface of an electrolytic cobalt
specimen can be followed from the micro-photographs given
in Fig.?, P-30. Fig.8a~ P-31, shows the micro-siructure of
the surface of a tin-bronze specimen containinG.12% Sn
after annealing in vacuum for 15 minutes at 780 C followed
by cooling to room temperature with an average speed of
about 10 C/sec; the surface of a nic),~el specimen of high
purity annealed for one hour at 1150"'C in vacuum and cooled
to room temperature has a similar appearance to that shown
Card 3/7 in Fig.8b, P-31. Fig.9, p.32, shows the micro-structure of

129-11-2/7
Trends of Development of High Temperature Metallography.
a "Steel 4511 specimen after annealing in vacuum at 1350 0c
for thirty minutes. In investigating the relations
governing the process of deformation of metals and alloys
by direct observation by means of the above described
apparatus, a number of phenomena were observed which are
not confirmed by other types of investigation. For
instance, in microscopic investigation of the surface og
specimens of pure cobalt, in the case2of heating to 400 C
and simultaneous loading with 6 kg/mm , elastic behaviour
was observed of the individual crystallite volumes which
become displaced as a result of the anisotropy in the
properties of the hexagonal lattice; a clearly visible
micro-relief forms on the surface. On removing the stresses
and cooling the specimens, the micro-relief ceases almost
entirely except in spots in which residual shear deformation
takes place in such zones. The sections in which an elastic
micro-relief is observed represent zones with defects in
the crystal lattice. Very probably,experimental results
obtained by high temperature metallography methods will
support the existing theory of dislocations. Micro-
photographs relating to such phenomena are given in
Card 4/7 Fig.10, P-34, for a pure cobalt specimen and in Fig.11,P.35,

129-11-2/7
Trends of Development of High Temperature Metallography.
for a ni~kel-mol;bdeniim alloy with a specific load of
21 kg/mm at 600 C. Studies are also described for
determining the "equi-cohesion temperature range" at which
the boundary and the body of the grains show equal strength.
Other interesting studies relate to investigating the
relations governing deformation and disruption of metals
in the case of repeated heating-cooling cycles and
observing the resulting changes in the micro-structure for
a given section of the specimen surface. Detailed results
of such studies are described for specimens of Steel 30XrCA
containing 0.32% C, 0.92Y, Si, 0.98016 Mn, 0.4% Ni and 0.98% Cr.
Fig.13,P.37, shows eight micro-photos obtained from this
steel after repeated heating-cooling cycles and simultaneous
loading with a tensile load in vacuum after 100, 150, 200,
300, 350, 400 and 500 heating and cooling cycles; these
micro-photos permit following the development of the micro-
relief and cracks along grain boundaries for various
numbers of heating and cooling cycles. Such tests also
enable to detect the temperature range in which the
material has- the lowest strength values and some such
results are given for the above mentioned steel in Fig.14,
Card 5/7 P.38. The author draws attention to a certain feature of

129-11-2/7
Trends of Development of High Temperature Metallography.
the recrystallisation process which manifests itself by
a sudden increase in the grain dimension at a certain
critical temperature in which a temperature variation by
a few centigrade leads to an increase of the grain surface
in the plane of the out by several tens and even hundreds
of times, which is attributed to overcoming of a certain
energy barrier. Selective oxidation producing colour
patterns is a very promising method of investigating the fine
microscopic and sub-microscopic structure and the
crystallographic orientation of the individual sections
and grains of heated metals and alloys; this is produced
by introducing for a short duration, from a fraction of a
minute to several minutes, air into the vacuum chamber, as
a result of which a thin film of oxides forms, the thick-
ness of which depends on the chemical activity of the
respective spot of the specimen and the temperature and
duration of the reaction due to interference phenomena.
Films show a differentiated colour pattern which permits
judging the degree of anisotropy of the grains on the
specimen surface. Fig.19, plate, shows such a coloured
micro-photo of a low carbon steel0containing 0.18% C,
Card 6/7 after annealing in vacuum at 1200 C for twenty minutes,

129-11-2/7
Trends of Development of High Temperature Metallography.
cooling down to 5000C and then introducing air at
atmospheric pressure for 45 sees. Similar micro-photos
are r:5roduced for pure iron containing 0.03% C, Fig.20
(plat . for a cast nickel base scale resistant alloy,
.Fig.21 (plate) and for a cast Cr-Mo alloy, Fig.22 (plate).
There are 22 figures and 23 references.
ASSOCIATION: Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ac.Sc., U.S.S.R.
(Institut Mashinovedeniya AN SSSR).
AVATT-A'RT Library of Congress
Ca3~d 7/7

0 7- A/,S /y, M
CZECHOSLOVfJUA/Solid State Physics - Mechanical Properties of E-10
Crystals and Polycrystalline Substances
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika,, No 7, 1958., No 15715
Author Loz
Inst Not Given
Title Laws of Plastic Deformation of Steel in Papeated Cycles of
Heating and Cooling and Certain Features of the Microstruc-
ture of Metals and !Llloys at High Temperatures
Orig Pub Hutnicke listy, 19571 12~ No 11, 974-985
Abstract The method of high ter3perature metallography was used to in-
vestigate the process of deformation of steel in constant
stretching tension and the action of repeated heating and
cooling cycles. A procedure is detailed for colored aelective
oxidation; which Lmkes it possible to display the crystallo-
graphic orientation of individual grains and the peculiarities
of the microstructure of metals and alloys, subjected to
heating in vacuum. A brief description is made of the ap-
paratus of the IK%Sh-5M type) produced at the Institute of
Card 1/2

CZECHI)SLOVLKTL/ Solid State Physics - Mechanical Properties of
Crystals and Polycrystalline Substances
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Fizika, No 7, 1958, No 15715
B-10
Machine Research of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, making
it possible to observe directly in the microscope, to photo-
graj?h, and to take notion picture films of the microstruc-
tures of different materials, and also to measure the de-
formations of heated specimens.
Card 2/2

AUTHORS: Bernsteyn, Ki. L., Candidate of Technical- Sciences .7;2-10-16/32
Blanter, M. Ye., Professor, Doctor of Teci-Mical Sciences
Lozinskiy, M. G., Doc'.or of Technical Sciences
TITLE: Achievements and Tendencies in the Development oL' Soviet
Metallogrq* (Dostizheniya i tendentsii v razvitii sovetskoy
metallograM -
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1957, Vol 2,1, Nr 10,
pp 1202-1211 (UM)
ABSTRACT: In the introduction. the history of the develonnent if micro-
and macroscopic research work carried out in the world
(since the end of the 19th century) and in the USSR (since
the October revolution) is described. The report is divioed
into 3 chapters entitled:
1.) Lielit nicrosoopy. As the. most notabje the viork carried out
in this field by D. 11. Rozhdestvenskiy, S. I. Vavilov,
It. P. Lennik, and A. A. Lebedev is described. The optical
of the USSR ic fit present prolucinE the followin[
anparatus (which are here described as bein- up-to-date):
microscopes "MHM-011, "MMM-611 and "LIH IM-S, which are
remarkable, besides their very uniform illumination, also
Card 1/4 by an add.-tional lateral illumination and are destined for

Achievements and Tendencie-i in the Deypelopment, of Sovi~,,t
MetaUography
enlarj_ementn of up to the three-fold. For the Jincrease of
tile CoI,'.r-,:t tff~~Ct. (u-.~cn which rjrocial stref.-.- is 1~iid here)
- EAditionel d ovided 'cr ti,e nicroocope
,
ar Pr L
"UrIL-S" coasiotint, of: a nettal rpirror condo~-nser with
parabolic reflection, ii. rinL-shaped diaphragm, and a
shiftable auxiliary line. For this plurDose a dark field
12 used. Furthe=ore, the use of "conical" and 11-polarized"
I i, -ht in tIlls, mi-croscope is mentioned, but the implements
necessary for thio purpose L~ru not described. As one of the
I'last achievements of optical technical ene-inecrinj~" the
n~Ahod of phase contrast is mentioned,which is based upon
a specially constiiictod additional duvice IIKQ-3" for the
microccope "EMN-811. Ancther additional device, called
ipa'-es it pos!~ible to take photoCraaphs in Ihe microscope
by means of an ordinary camera. Furthernore, the llhit:h
pressure mircury lij,lit source" is described here Vs well as
shortwave ultraviolet rays in 1he micro.9cope in connection with
-AnLe Of color- The respective anparatus is not described.
the chL
Further, the newly constructed microscope "bIMM-14" with
remote control for radioactive subs-,ances and a television
Card 2/4 microscope, which radiates a picture from a microscope on to

Achievements and Tendencies in the Development of Soviet 32-10-16/32
Metallography
a screen, are mentioned. The make is not mentioned.
2.) High-Temperature lletallo,7raphy. Works by I. A. Odine,
and M. G. Lozinskiy of the Institute for 1,'~achine Science of
the All USSR are referred to. Research methods are divided
into two groups: 1.) Methods for the investiCation of the
microstructure of heated metals and alloys, and 2.) methods
for the investigation of the properties of metals under
the influence of different temperatures. In Eeneral heating
in a vacuum (in rarefied air) is dealt with, because, if these
conditions prevail, the formation of cruats and films can be
avoided. As a device suited for this purpose the 11 HMAW -SY"
is mentioned, which makes it posaible to carry out research
siork at temperatures of up to 11000C at vacuum tensions of up
to 60 kg//mm2 and to measure deformations. 3.) Measuring
rietalloeraphy (here described as utilization metallurgy). It
consists in the measurine, and judEinE Of intercrystal and
other structural intermediate distances, austenite trans-
formations, structural sh4fting and other structural changes
occurrinG in alloys when they are thermally or mechanically
Card 3/4 etc. treated. The most important works in 'his fields are by

Anbinvnnents and Tendencies in the Development of Soviet 32-10-16132
Metallogra.phy
S. A. Saltykov, 1. L. Mirkin, A. A. Gla'-olev and the "very
latest" are by L. S. Morozov, N. N. Sirota, S. Z. Boksteyn
and M. 11. Steinberg (this is an extract from the total list).
There are 5 references, all Of Which are Slavic.
AVAILABLE: Library of Con6resB
1. Science-USSR-Progress 2. Microscopy
Card 4/4

WZINSKIY, M.G., doktor takhn.nauk.
-----------
Development of using rapid induction heating in industry.
Vest.mash. [371 no.11:66-74 N '57. (MIRA 10:10)
(Induction heating)

ASSONOV,Aleksandr Danilovich.;SHEPELYAKOVSKIY, Konstantia Zakharovich,;
LANKINgPetr Alaksandrovich,; YAITSKOV, S.A.. inzh.; SEXLYAROV,
I.N..inih.; RABIR, M.O.,inzb.; SIKYUSHKIN, N.V.; ZHIVOTOVSKIY,
A.H.; BORISOV, N.I., SHMOV. A.A., iloktor tekbn. nauk,red.;
-l"SKIY,-N.G.,doktor takhn.nauk,retsenzent,; MODEL, B.I.,tekhn.red.
[Gaa cementation with induction heating] Gazovaia teementataiia
a induktaionnym nagravom. Moskva. Goa. nauchno-tekbn. lzd-vo
maBhinostroit. lit-ry 11 1958. 87 P. (MIRA 11-12)
(Comentation(Motallurgy))

BETANELI, Archil Iosifovicho~ ~LOZIN~SKIY _M.G. doktor tekha. muk,retsenzentp;
LARIN, M.N., doktor telchn. nauk,prof.,retsenzent,; IA)PADZE. T.N..
Icand; tekhn. nauki dots.,red.; ELIKIND. V.D., tekhn. red.
[Hardness of steel and hard alloys at high temperatures] Tvordoet'
stalei i tverdvkh aplavov pri povyshennykh temperaturakh. Moakva,i
Gos. nauchno-tekhn. ikd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry, 1958. 94 p. :
(HIRA 11:12)
(Steel--Testing)
(Alloys--Testing)
(Metals at high temperatures)

18 (5) PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SGV/1495
LozinsKy, Mikhail Grigorlyevich
Promyshlennoye primerientye indWFsilonnogo nagreva (Industrial
Application of Induction Heating) Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1958.
470 P. 5,000 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Institut mashinovedeniya.
Resp. Ed.: P. Ye. Dyachenko; Ed. of Publishing House:
V.Se Rzheznikov; Tech. Ed.: T.A. Prusakova.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for engineers, technicians and
advanced students of machine-building vtuzes interesteT in
the modern theory and practice of induction heating Qnd in
equipment for rapid contactle'ss heating of metals. The book
may also be useful to designers and engineers in machine-
building plants dealing with technological processes connected
with induction heating.
Card 1/8

Industrial Applicatiom(const.)
SOV/1495
COVERAGE: The author e:xplains the theoretical principles of
induction heating..of metals. He provides the necessary technical da-
ta:lbr designing induction'heaters for heating limited areas of
objects of various shapes (zonal heating) and describes the
construction and principles of designing machine tools and attach-'
ments Insuring efficient application of rapid induction heating.
He explains in detail the changes oacurring In steel after surface
hardening by induction heating and the selection of optimum
oanntions for rapid'heating and subsequent cooling. The book is
based on investigations carried out by the author and on
industrial experience in induction heating. It discusses the
special features of various new technological processes associated
with induction heating, introduced in the USSSR and abroad. It
also describes the newest types of Soviet and foreign induction
heating equipment for frequeftcies of 50 cps to 10 Me. The author
dedicates this work to the lat6 V.P. Vologdin, Professor and
Corresponding Member of the Mademy of Sciences, USSSR, who laid
the foundations for the application of induction heating ih the
USSR. He refers to A.D. Assonov., K.Z. ghepelyakovskiy and
P.A. Lankin, who successfully developed the method of rapid
carburization by induction heating. The following institutions
are mentioned as having made oontributions in the field:
Card 2/8

Industrial Application(Con't.)
SOV/1495
Leningradskiy elektrotekhnicheskly institut, N=ch, Leningradskiy
politekhnicheakiy institut and the Leningrad plant nSvetlanau.
The author acknowledges the achievements of Bngineers
R.F. Aladzhev, G.I. Babat., YU.B. Vigdorovich,- A.A. Razgulyayev,
A.A. Baturichev, V.A. Vasillyev..N.A. Moffet, B.N. Shustovand
I.A. Oding, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences, USSR.
The surface hardening process by induction heating was developed
by the Moscow Steel Institute under the supervision of Professor
I.N. Kidin. The author also mention& one foreign theoretician
en-'Wd1nVGfttDr - E. Northrup. There are 221 references, of which
193 are Soviet, 22 English, 3 German, I French and I Polish.
Card 3/8

24-1-2/26
j,'tUTHORS: Guterman, M B Dron' N.A., Lozinslkriy, M.G.., and
Teumin, 11. j.*~MOSCOW5.
TITLE: Simultaneous application of X-ray and micro-stuructural
analyses for studyink~ the processes of deformation in
heated metal .s and alloys. (Odnovremennoye Primeneniye
rentgeno- i mikrostrukturnogo analizov dlya izucheniya
protsessov deformatsii nagretykh metallov Ji splavov).
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye Tekhnicheskikh
NaUkIl 1958, No.1, pp. 11-20 + 2 plates (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In studying the kinetics of 1"he process of def=.iation
of metals and alloys within a wide ranGe of temperatures
and deformation speeds it is of great scientific and
practical interest to investiGate simultaneously the
changes in the micro-structure of the material and the
distortions of the crystal lattice caused by stresses
of the first and second type by using X-ray methods.
Annaratus developed by the Instirute of EngineerinS Technol
AS USSR (Institut Mashinovedeniya AN SSSR) and
described in earlier papers (Refg.44tenables observaLion
directly under a microscope and on pH oGraphs of the
microstructure of metals and alloys durir.L;7 the process of
'-3
Card 1/5heating up to 1100 C applying simultaiaeoLisly tensile

2L~_1-2126
Simultaneous application of X-ray and micro-structural analyses
for studyino the processes of defori_,iation in heated metuals and alloys.
stresses of 0 to 60 kg/mm2. Observation of the micro-
structure during tensile stresses permits only seeing
the results of sliding processes and of viscous displace-
ment alonG the boundaries of the grains and the blocks.
The micro-relief formini, thereby on the polislied surface
of the specimen reflects the occurrin., changes in the
micro-structure. It is particularly important to
emphasize that these chan,,es are due to processes which
in most cases are irreversible and take place in volumes
of the order of one or several Grains. Processes
preceding deformation cannot be investigated by micro-
structural analysis but only by X-ray structural analysis,
na:.:.iely by iaeasuring the period of the crystal lattice
for delemining the 0maGnitude of th~~ internal stresses
of the first type (elastic as well as residual) and also
for detei-minina the distortions in the crystal lattice
caused by type II stresses. For obtainin-, a clear
picture characterivinS the rtresr; ~.tate on the basis of
X-ray diffraction patterns from individual crystallites,
it is necessary -to use a sharp X-ray bearri. This can be
Card 2/5 obtained either by means of a diaphragm ~,.,ith a small

241-1-2/26
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24-1-2/26
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F111ir
i1 C,.r 01,-2 of `h.. ut"tAlo-,
J
of u TMA W -19 app_~-tratit_,;, in the
d il-, a rl o f k-I 1
P~11't Of h" rl arC_J r i'-rIVC- ['I- i i~] 0 -IS
31-1,16".mul alloy
Card 11/5 cif dcfoa_-.~,r ion. C)'L a 11

24-1-2/26
Simultane-J'as apnlication of X-ray and aicro-sZI-LICtural analyses
for studyinL,, -the processes of defor,,iu.tion in heated and 5110,7E..
containing- ?%, filo at 6000C in vacu-Lij:i. The results, of these
inveBtiEations are Graphed ill Fi,-~-7- M, i c r c, h o t o U rr; p
and X-ray diffraction patterns -,Produced' durin.. these
e-.-,erinients are shoval in Firs.8 and 0,,. The simultuanecus
X-r,-j,.7 structural and micro-structurvI inve-- t ij~ at ions of
'L-,hG, proceso of oefor;-'Itation of lie.,)-Led n-teriali-. the
here described equipment usinc the iiew,shirp beon X-ray
L4
tubes (,.,.,hich periiit reducin- the exposure tii--.ie to 1.5 to
2 minutes) opens up extensive possibility of studyinG the
relations governinC the softenin- of metals ;and alloys.
There are 0. figures and 4 references, all of ~-ihich are
Russian.
SU- ITTED: Au--ust 26 1957.
C~ I
ASSOCIATIOIT: Institute of Engineerinc TechnoloLy, Ac.Sc. USSR.
(Institut Mao-hinovedeniya AIT SSSR).
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 5/5
wo:

SOV-129-58-6-2/17
AUTHORS: Lozinskiy, 1-4. G. (Dr.of. Tech. Sci. ), Guterman, II.B. and
Antipova, fe. I. (Engineers)
TITLE: Micro Nonuniformit of Deformation of Metals durinrP Hirrh
Y Q 0
Temperature Heatin,, (Mikroneodnorodnost' deformatsii
metallov pri vysokotemperaturnom nagreve)
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, 1)581) Nr 6,
pp 6-9 and 4 plates (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Odin - and Ivanova (Ref.1) have shown that in the volume
of sDecimens subjected to tension at room temperature and
at elevated temperature the speed of expansion differs in the in-
dividual local sections of sizes of about 10 mm.
In this paper information is given on the relations govern-
in- the kinetics of nonuniform deformation in the micro
volumes at temperatures above and below the equicohesion
temperature, i.e. under regimes at which the -rain bound-
aries are respectively weaker or stronger than the body of
the grain. The experiments were effected on equipment de-
veloped by the Institute of Machinery, Academy-of Sciences,
USSR. Atyaluablejeature,,ot this-equipment is the
possibility of direct observation under the microscope and
photographing of the micro structure of the surface of the
Card 1/4

SOV-129-58-6-2/17
Micro Nonuniformity of Deformation of Metals during High Tempera-
ture Heating.
studied specimens when heating up to 11000 0 during the
process of deformation under tension in vacuum. For measur-
in- the micro hardness a series of indentations by a dia-
C,
Mond pyramid were made in the longitudinal direction of
the specimen with spacin-s of about 0.05 to 0.1 mm; these
indentations :w e r e viewed with a microscope with a mag-
nification of 2UU times. During the tests one and the same
section of the surface of the specimens was continuously
observqd and photographed and the produced series of micro
photographs permits comparison of the noniiniformity of the
deformation and ef the individual micro volumes of the sDeci-
men. The accuracy of measurement was 0.059/6. Figs.2 an3 3
(plates) show two series of micro photographs made of *
the same section of the surface of nnnealed speeimens of a
single phase nickel-molybdenum~alloy, with 7% Ylo, during
heating and tensile stressing in a vacuum of about
lo-5 mm Hg col. In Fi-.4 the deformation is graphed of the
Card 2/4

SOV-129-58-6-2/17
Micro Nonuniformity of Deformation of Metuals du-,inr7 Hi,:,r,._h Tempera-
ture Heating.
individual micro sections and of the entire zone during the
tests of the specimens, the micro photographs of which are
shown in Fig.2. In Fi-..5 the deformation curves are graphed
o f micro sections and of the entire zone durin- testin-
0 0
of a specimen, micro photographs of which are given in Fig.3.
Fig.6 shows the micro structure of a specimen of a homo-
genized ageing alloy of iron with 12 wt.% Tdo after being
subjected to tensile stresses of 40 kg/mm2 at 4500C for02
hours. In Fig.7 the relative changes of the dimensions of
the dia-onals of the square indentations (shown in Fi-.2),
by the diamond pyramid,on the specimen surface are grraphed.
Fig.8 shows the micro structure of the surface of a speci-
men of Fe-Mo , alloy (12 wt %.Mo) after being subje-eted
to a tensile stress of 40 kg/mm2 at 4500C for 2 hours in
vacuum. The here described experimental results have enab-
led for the first time the recording of the kinetics of the
nonuniform.'.process of deformation in micro volumes in a wide
temperature range by direct observation. Thereby the non-
uniformity observed earlier in relatively larger volumes of
lengths of 1 10 mm (Ref . 1), . . w 'a' s. considerably more
Card 3/4 pronounced in sections of dimensions from 50 11 onwards.

SOV-120/-58-6-2/17
Micro Nonuniforn-ity of Deformation of Metals during High Tempera-
ture Heating.
Furthermore, within a single grain, the ma-nitude of de-
formation evaluated by distortion. of the indentations on
the specimen and the change in the spacings of these in-
dentations varies very considerably. There are 8 figures
(4 of them plates) and 5 references, of which 4 are Soviet
and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION: Institut Mashinovedeniya AN SSSR (Institute of
Machinery, Academy of Sciences USSR)
1. Metals - Deformation 2. Mstals - Temperature effects
Metals - Test meth&ls
Card 4/4

SOV/24-58-6-If-/3 5
AUTHORS: M.G. Lozin"Iy-pand A.E. Fedorovskiy
TITLE: Elastic Vibrations Measurements as a Method of
Investigating the Thermally Induced Changes of Properties
of Metals and Alloys (Izueheniye metodom, uprugikh
kolebaniy kinetiki izmeneniya svoystv metallov i splavov
pri nagreve)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya akademii nauk SSSR, OtdelenJye tekhnicheskikh
nauk, 1958, Nr 6, pp 19-29 (USSR)
ABSTRACTS The authors of this paper used a vibrational technique
for studying the processes associated with the embrittle-
ment of certain steels tempered at 5500C, and for
investigating the anomalous internal friction variation
in commercial iron. The experimental apparatus was
designed so as to permit measurement in air or in vacuum.
Fig 1 illustrates the equipment in diagrammatic form,
and its detailed description is given. The test pieces
were in the form o--* wires 6 to 8 mm in diameter and 120
L
to 200 mm long. At room temperature the natural frequency

Card 1/7 of transverse vibrations of metal and alloy specimens of
this size is usually in the 700 to 1000 kc range. In
71

SOV24-58-6-4/35
Elastic Vibrations Measurements as a Method of Investigating the
Thermally Induced Changes of Properties of Metals and Alloys
order to induce transverse vibrations in the specimens,
these were suspended horizontally on two 40 )1 diameter'
tungsten threads. The sourca of the vibrations was an
electromagnetic vibrator, to the membrane of which one of
the W threads was attached. The detector of vibrations)
to which the other W thread was attached, consisted of a
barium titanate piezo-electric crystal. The vibrations of
the test piece induced in this crystal a sinusoidal
voltage which was amplified and fed into an osaillograph.
The maximum voltage wasq of coursed generated when the
specimen was vibrated at its resonance frequenc7, The
L
direct (Young's) modulus of elasticity was calculated from
the resonant frequency, and from the dimensions and the
mass of the specimen. The logarithmic decrement was
calculated from the rate of decay of the specimen vibra-
tions when the power was shut off. Ali electro-mechanical
counter determined the number of vibrations which occurred
before the amplitude decreased by 50%. The circuit dia-
gram of an automatic discr:Lminator for measuring the
Card 2/7 logarithmic decrement. is shown in Fig 2. In Fig 4 the

SOV/24-58-6-4/35
Elastic Vibrations Measurements as a Method of Investigating the
Thermally Induced Changes of Properties of Metals and Alloys
temperature dependenoe of the logarithmic decrement S is
raphed for: commercial iron (curve 1); 2% Mo-Fe alloy
curve 2).-, 2% W-Fe alloy (curve 3)', 2% V-Pe Alloy
t
(curve 4). The cumes 1, 2 and 3 were characterised by
a peak located at 1100C, similar to that observed previou-
sly by 9 (Ref 6). The presence of this peak is attri-
buted to the stress-induced diffusion of the nitrogen
atoms. The absenl-,a of a peak on the curve of the 2% V-Fe
alloy is explained b7 the affinity of vanadium foz
nitrogen, as a result of whiuh the amount of this gas
remaining in solid solution was insufficient to cause the
anomalous effect-. In the next stage of the investigation
the mechanism of temper embrittlement of ths steel 30KhGSA.
was studied by correlating the results of impact tests
carried out on specimens tempered several times at 640
and 5WOC9 with the zesalts of internal friction measure-
ments made previously on the same specimens. Fig 5 shows
Card 3/7 the temperature dependence of 8 for s ecimens quenched
from 9000C (curve 1). 10000C (--arve 2~ and 11500C (curve 3),