[THE ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY - GENERAL CLARK]

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80R01731R002000090004-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 24, 2002
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: April 26, 1973
• Content Type: SPEECH

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26 APRIL 1973
THE ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
GENERAL CLARK, GENTLEMEN:
I WOULD LIKE TO DESCRIBE FOR YOU TODAY THE COM-
POSITION OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, THE MAJOR
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DIRECTOR OF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AS THE HEAD OF THAT COMMUNITY,
AND THE ESSENTIAL MEANS BY WHICH THOSE FUNCTIONS
AND RESPONSIBILITIES ARE FULFILLED
IT IS NOT STRAINING THE TRUTH TO SAY THAT THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AS WE KNOW IT TODAY RESULTED
FROM OUR EXPERIENCE AT PEARL HARBOR, THE SPECTACLE
OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES WORK-
ING EACH IN ITS OWN WAY, WITH NO MECHANISM TO 000R-
DINATE EITHER THEIR EFFORTS OR THE RESULTS, COST OUR
COUNTRY DEARLY, THIS DEBACLE CREATED THE DETERMINA-
TION, FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II, TO ACHIEVE A 000RDI-
NATED NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE EFFORT THE NATIONAL
SECURITY ACT OF 1947 was AT LEAST PARTLY THE RESULT
OF THIS DETERMINATION
THIS LEGISLATION WAS DESIGNED TO ENSURE ENOUGH
COORDINATION SO THAT THERE WILL BE NO IMPORTANT GAPS
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A)y.I2 NO UNDESIRABLE DUPLICATION IN THE U,S. INTELLI-
GENCE EFFORT THIS ACT WAS THE LEGAL BASIS FOR CIA
AND THE FUNCTIONS IT PERFORMS
THIS STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION--LIKE MANY PUBLIC
LAWS--IS SET FORTH IN FAIRLY BROAD TERMS, HOWEVER,
THE CONGRESS PROVIDED FOR FURTHER DEFINITION AND
REFINEMENT OF CIA?S FUNCTIONS IT SPECIFICALLY
DIRECTED CIA ??TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO T'~IE NA-
TIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL FOR THE COORDINATION OF
SUCH INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENTS
AND AGENCIES OF THE GOVERNMENT AS RELATE TO NA-
TIONAL SECURITY~~? UPON RECEIVING PRESIDENTIAL AP-
PROVAL, THESE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE ISSUED IN A SE-
RIES OF CLASSIFIED PAPERS CALLED ~'JATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL INTELLIGENCE DIRECTIVES THE PdSCI.DS THERE
ARE S OF THEM) ESTABLISH THE FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY FUNCTIONS, AND 'THEY DIS-
TRIBUTE ASSIGNMENTS OF RESPONSIBILITY AMONG THE
DIFFERENT U,S, INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES
NSCID #1 ALSO PROVIDES FOR STILL MORE PRECISE
ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES THROUGH THE ISSUANCE
OF DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE DIRECTIVES
THERE ARE 41 OF THESE, I COULD NOT BEGIN 'r0 ACQUAINT
YOU WITH ALL THE DETAILS COVERED BY THE PdSCIDS AND
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DCIDs, BUT THE IMPORTANT POINT IS THAT THEY REPRE-
SENT A MEANS FOR THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY TO UP-
DATE AND ADJUST TO THE CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES,
NEEDS AND CHALLENGES FACING U,S, INTELLIGENCE.
THE P?~ATIONAL SECURITY ACT AND SUBSEQUENT PRES-
IDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS GAVE THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE TWO PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITIES HE IS
BY LAW THE HEAD OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
AND, BY PRESIDENTIAL ORDER, THE CHIEF INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THESE CAPACITIES, HE
ACTS AS PRINCIPAL INTELLIGENCE ADVISER TO THE PRESI-
DENT AND AS COORDINATOR OF ALL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE
ACTIVITIES RELATING TO THE ~'~ATIONAL SECURITY INTER-
ESTS OF THE UNITED STATES THUS, THE DIRECTOR OF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IS THE HEAD OF THE U,S, INTEL-
LIGENCE COMMUNITY
LETS CONSIDER THE COMPOSITION OF THE INTELLI- SLIDE #2
INTELLIGENCE
GENCE COMMUNITY COMMUNITY
THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, ABOUT WHICH
I SHALL SAY MORE IN DUE TIME, IS, OF COURSE, PART
OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
SECOND, THERE IS THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING ~~ENERAL
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INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
OF DEFENSE AND THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE INTELLIGENCE UNITS OF THE ARMY, h'~IAVY. AND
AIR FORCE CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE PARTICUf_AR MIS-
SIONS OF EACH ONE OF THE SERVICES MUCH OF THE
WORK OF THE THREE SERVICE INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS
IS COORDINATED BY THE DIRECTOR OF DIA,
IN THE STATE DEPARTMENT. THERE IS AN INTELLI-
GENCE UNIT WHICH SERVES THE SECRETARY OF ;:iTATE AND
THE POLICY PLANNERS IN A SENSE ALL OUR DIPLOMATIC
PERSONNEL ARE INTELLIGENCE GATHERERS BU"f THERE IS
ALSO A REQUIREMENT FOR MEN WHO APPLY THEMSELVES
PROFESSIONALLY TO THE ANALYSIS OF THAT INf='ORMATION
TO DETERMINE ITS BEARING ON PRESENT AND Fl9TURE IM-
PLICATIONS FOR U,S, FOREIGN POLICY
THE INTELLIGENCE COMPONENT IN THE ATC)MIC ENERGY
COMMISSION HAS A SPECIALIZED CHARTER DEVOTED TO THE
VITAL FIELD OF INTELLIGENCE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY DE-
VELOPMENTS
A PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FEDEFc;AL BUREAU
OF INVESTIGATION IS THE INTERNAL SECURITY OF THE
UNITED STATES. BUT YOU CAN EASILY IMAGINE THE VITAL
CONNECTION BETWEEN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE AN:D INTERNAL
SECURITY SO THE FBI. T00. IS A MEMBER OF THE
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INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY THE FBI AND CIA WORK
CLOSELY TOGETHER. BECAUSE THEY ARE BOTH COMBATING
AN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF COMMUNIST CLAIVDESTINE
OPERATIONS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES, WHOSE OPERA-
TIONS AND AGENTS MOVE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THE
U,S, AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES, (PARENTHETICALLY, IT
SHOULD BE STRESSED HERE THAT BY LAW CIA HAS NO
DOMESTIC INTERNAL SECURITY RESPONSIBTLTTY, AND IS
FORBIDDEN BY LAW TO REPORT ON U.S. CITIZENS,)
IN RECOGNITION OF THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE, THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT WAS
OFFICIALLY ADDED TO THE INTELLIGENCE COMMIINITY BY
PRESIDENT NIXON IN NOVEMBER 1971,
LASTLY, THERE IS THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY.
WHICH HOLDS A SOMEWHAT UNUSUAL POSITION THAT I
SHALL MENTION IN A MOMENT
THESE, THEN, ARE THE INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY--CIA, STATE, DIA, NSA,
AND THE SERVICE INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS, AEC,
TREASURY, AND THE FBI,
IN ORDER TO ROUND OUT THE PICTURE OF 'XHE COM-
MUNITY. I MUST ADD A NUMBER OF WHAT WE CALi_ ~~SERV-
ICES OF COMMON CONCERN " IT MIGHT BE MORE ENLIGHT-
ENING TO CALL THEM NaTION~ INTELLIGENCE ASSETS.
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THESE ARE ACTIVITIES WHICH SERVE THE ENTIRE GOVERN-
MENT RATHER THAN ANY PARTICULAR DEPARTMENIC OR
AGENCY SUCH AN ACTIVITY MAY BE MANAGED. STAFFED
AND FUNDED BY ONE AGENCY. BUT ACTUALLY OPERATE DI-
RECTLY FOR THE ENTIRE INTELLIGENCE COMMUN]:TY~
THE LARGEST OF THESE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
ASSETS IS THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY. WHICH IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR CRYPTOLOGIC INTELLIGENCE--?INTER-
CEPTING AND DECODING ELECTRICALLY TRANSMI1rTED MES-
SAGES ITS PRODUCT IS DISSEMINATED WITH ADMIRABLE
SPEED THROUGHOUT THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNII?Y. AND
HAS PLAYED A VITAL ROLE IN MANY OF OUR MOST CRUCIAL
INTELLIGENCE JUDGMENTS OVER THE YEARS
SECOND. WE HAVE THE AIR FORCE TECHNICAL AP-
PLICATIONS CENTER--OR AFTAC--A SPECIALIZEI) GROUP
WITH GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY THIS EFFICIENT AND
CAPABLE OUTFIT IS CHARGED WITH MONITORING AND
REACHING TECHNICAL CONCLUSIONS ON NUCLEAR EXPLO-
SIONS SET OFF BY ANY FOREIGN COUNTRY
OTHER IMPORTANT NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: ASSETS
ARE THE NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CEN-
TER. THE BOARD OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES.
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~~OW, ALL THE AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS WHICH
MAKE UP THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY ARE TIED TO-
GETHER, FOR GUIDANCE PURPOSES, BY THE UNITED STATES
INTELLIGENCE BOARD, WHICH WE OFTEN REFER TO AS USIB,
THIS BOARD WAS ESTABLISHED UNDER DIRECTIVES OF
THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL IT ADVISES AND AS-
SISTS THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE
PRODUCTION OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTINIATES, AND
IN ESTABLISHING INTELLIGENCE POLICY, OBJECTIVES,
REQUIREMENTS AND PRIORITIES
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE;, BY ~'~A-
TIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL DIRECTIVE, IS THE; CHAIRMAN
OF USIB, THIS, BY THE WAY, IS ONE PLACE WHERE THE
DIRECTORS TWO JOBS--HIS ~~TWO HATS~~--ARE VERY CARE-
FULLY DIFFERENTIATED, WHEN HE CHAIRS THE; U,S, IN-
TELLIGENCE BOARD, HE IS THERE AS THE PRES~IDENT~S
PRINCIPAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICER, 0!~ AS THE HEAD OF
CIA, THE USIB PASSES ON THE AGREED, COORDINATED
JUDGMENTS OF THE ENTIRE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY--
WHAT WE CALL ~~NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE~~--AND IT
MIGHT HAMPER THIS FUNCTION IF THE DIRECTOR WERE
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SIMULTANEOUSLY TO ACT AS CHAIRMAN AND TO ADVANCE
THE VIEWS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY FOR
THIS REASON, CIA HAS SEPARATE REPRESENTATION ON THE
BOARD IN THE PERSON OF THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CEN-
TRAL INTELLIGENCE,
THE OTHER PRINCIPALS ARE;
THE STATE DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE
AND RESEARCH;
THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY;
THE DIRECTOR OF THE P~ATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY;
THE ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER OF THEE AEC;
THE ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE FBI; AND
A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT
SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIA, THE INTELLIGENCE
CH i EFS OF THE ARMY, C`'AVY, AND A I R FORCE HA\rE CON-
TINUED TO ATTEND AND PARTICIPATE IN USIB, BUT AS OB-
SERVERS RATHER THAN AS OFFICIAL MEMBERS 1HEY RE-
TAIN THE RIGHT, AND, IN FACT, THE DUTY TO EXPRESS
ANY DISSENT THEY MAY HAVE ON MATTERS UNDER DISCUS-
SION, AND THIS IS A FUNCTION THEY DO NOT HESITATE
TO PERFORM
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I WOULD LIKE TO REITERATE THAT THE USIB IS
CONCERNED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF INTELLIGENCE MAT-
TERS THE BOARD SETS FORTH--AND PERIODICALLY RE-
VISES--THE NATIONAL PRIORITIES FOR THE GUIDANCE OF
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY IN CHOOSING INTELLIGENCE
TARGETS AND IN ASSIGNING ASSETS TO COVER 'THESE TAR-
GETS
THE USIB ALSO REVIEWS IN DRAFT FORM AND IN
GREAT DETAIL THE P~ATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES
AND CERTAIN OTHER REPORTS WHICH THE DIRECTOR OF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE SUBMITS TO THE PRESI-])ENT AND
THE P~ATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
USIB IS SUPPORTED BY A NUMBER OF SPECIALIZED
COMMITTEES WHICH FUNCTION IN SUBSTANTIVE I?IELDS,
SUCH AS NUCLEAR ENERGY, MISSILE INTELLIGENCE, AND
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE OTHER USIB COMMITTEES PRO-
VIDE A MEANS OF REGULAR CONTACT AND A CHANNEL FOR
GUIDANCE TO CERTAIN INTERAGENCY PROGRAMS, SUCH AS
SECURITY, AND THE EXPLOITATION OF DEFECTORS
THIS, THEN, IS A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE STRUC-
TURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
DN P~OVEMBER S, 1971, IN A DEVELOPMEN'C OF MAJOR
SIGNIFICANCE FOR NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, THE PRESIDENT
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DIRECTED SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT STEPS FOR IMPROVLNG
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY I
WOULD LIKE TO REVIEW THESE STEPS WITH YOU, AND
ELABORATE ON HOW I BELIEVE SOME OF THE NEW .MACHINERY
OF THE COMMUNITY WILL OPERATE
THE PRESIDENT'S OBJECTIVES IN DIRECTING THESE
MANAGEMENT STEPS WERE TO ENSURE:
--CONTINUING REVIEW OF THE RESPONSIVENESS OF
THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE EFFORT TO HIS NEEDS
--STRENGTHENED LEADERSHIP FOR THE COMMUNITY
AS A WHOLE
--MORE EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES IN THE COL-
LECTION OF INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION
--AN EXAMINATION OF INTELLIGENCE PROGRAMS WITH
A VIEW TO ELIMINATING THE LEAST PRODU(:TIVE ONES
--IMPROVEMENT IN THE QUALITY. SCOPE, AND TIME-
LINESS OF INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION
JUST WHAT MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS WERE:, DIRECTED
BY THE PRESIDENT? THE FOUR FOLLOWING STEPS REPRE-
SENT THE MAJOR CHANGES:
--AN ENHANCED LEADERSHIP AND PROGRAM ADVISORY
ROLE FOR THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTEL..LIGENCE~
--ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL SECURITti' 000N-
CIL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE
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--ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTELLIGENCE RESOURCES
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
--RECONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES INTEL-
LIGENCE BOARD
LET US DISCUSS THESE CHANGES, BRIEFLY, ONE BY
AS WE HAVE SEEN, THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTEL-
LIGENCE HAS ALWAYS HAD A RESPONSIBILITY FOR DEVELOP-
ING REQUIREMENTS FOR NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND FOR
COORDINATING ITS PRODUCTION UNDER THE RESTRUCTUR-
ING DIRECTED BY THE PRESIDENT, THE DIRECTOR OF CEN-
TRAL INTELLIGENCE WAS ASKED TO FORMULATE A CONSOLI-
DATED INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM BUDGET, AND TO RECONCILE
INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS AND PRIORITIES WITH BUDGET-
ARY CONSTRAINTS WHILE THE PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE
DID NOT GIVE THE DCI ~( INCREASED COMMAND AUTHQRITY
OVER Ids OTHER COMPONENTS QE IdE. TEL1~I GEJy~ ~-
MUNITY, HE WAS GIVEN THE SIGNIFICANT NEW RESPONSI-
BILITY OF BEING INFORMED ON AND EXPRESSING VIEWS
WITH RESPECT TO THE ALLOCATION OF ALL INTELLIGENCE
RESOURCES IN THE COMMUNITY, PARTICULARLY THOSE OF
A NATIONAL CHARACTER IN THIS REGARD THE ,DIRECTOR
MAY BE CALLED ON BY THE PRESIDENT. THE KEY CONGRES-
SIONAL COMMITTEES AND BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE
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OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET TO COMMENT ON AND DEFEND
THE INTELLIGENCE PROGRAMS AND BUDGETS OF THE DEPART-
MENT OF DEFENSE AND DEPARTMENT OF STATE WHILE THE
AUTHORITY TO INFLUENCE BUDGETS CARRIES CONSIDERABLE
INFLUENCE, THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESIDENT?S DIREC-
TIVE WILL CONTINUE TO BE ACCOMPLISHED LARGELY
THROUGH FRIENDLY PERSUASION, HARD WORK, ANI7 ~HOPE-
.FULLY) GOOD SENSE I THINK THEY CAN BE ACHIEVED,
AND WE HAVE MADE A PROMISING START BUT I1" WILL
BE A SLOW PROCESS
OTHER CHANGES DIRECTED BY THE PRESIDENT CON-
SIST OF VARIOUS COORDINATING MECHANISMS THAT SHOULD
MAKE FOR MORE EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF THE INTELLIGENCE SLIDE #2
COMMUNITY LET US LOOK AT THESE MECHANISMS, AND
SEE WHAT THEY ARE DESIGNED TO ACCOMPLISH
THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL INTELLIGENCE COM-
MITTEE FILLS A GAP THAT HAD BECOME QUITE WORRISOME
OVER THE YEARS THERE WAS NO ARRANGEMENT FOR SYSTEM-
ATIC FEEDBACK OF CRITICISM AND COMMENT FROM HIGH
POLICY USERS OF FINISHED INTELLIGENCE THE: NEW
COMMITTEE IS CHAIRED BY DR. KISSINGER, AND ITS MEM-
BERS ARE THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE, THE DEPUTY
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, THE
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TO PRES. ~
INTEL. CTTY.
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CHAIRMAN OF THE .1CS. AND THE DCI--IN OTHER WORDS,
THE POLICY LEVEL FOR WHICH NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
IS DESIGNED
WITH THIS COMMITTEE. THE PRESIDENT HAS CREATED
A FORMAL GROUP OF SENIOR POLICY OFFICIALS TO DEVELOP
GUIDANCE FOR THE INTELLIGENCE PRODUCT NEEDED TO SUP-
PORT THE FORMULATION OF U,S, FOREIGN AND DEFENSE
POLICY THIS COMMITTEE WILL ALSO PROVIDE FOR A
CONTINUING EVALUATION OF THE INTELLIGENCE PRODUCT
FROM THE STANDPOINT OF PRIME INTELLIGENCE USERS
.THIS WILL ENABLE THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY TO RE-
SPOND IN A MORE ORDERLY, TIMELY, AND EFFECTIVE MAN-
NER TO THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE NEEDS
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTELLIGENCE RESOURCES
ADVISORY COMMITTEE IS ANOTHER ONE OF THE DIRECTED
IMPROVEMENTS THIS IS CHAIRED BY THE DCI AND IN-
CLUDES REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE, DEFENSE. OFFICE
OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, AND CIA.
THIS NEW COMMITTEE WILL FORMALIZE ANI) UPGRADE
PREVIOUS LOOSER INTERDEPARTMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS TO
ASSIST THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IN
CARRYING OUT HIS BROAD RESPONSIBILITIES REGARDING
THE COORDINATED UTILIZATION OF NATIONAL INTELLI-
GENCE RESOURCES--MONEY. MANPOWER. AND EQUIPMENT"
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THIS COMMITTEE WILL ALSO ASSIST IN PREPARING THE
CONSOLIDATED INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM BUDGET
THIS BRINGS US TO THE LAST OF THE MAJOR CHANGES--
THE RECONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE
BOARD ~'~HEREAS USIB PREVIOUSLY HAD SOME AUTHORITY
OF ITS OWN, IT IS NOW LIMITED TO AN ADVISORY CAPAC-
ITY IN ADDITION, THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TREASURY
DEPARTMENT WAS ADDED, AND THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF
CENTRAL INTELLTGENCE WAS DESIGNATED VICE CHAIRMAN
OF USIB THE ADDITION OF THE TREASURY REPRESENTATIVE.
REFLECTS THE FACT THAT FISCAL AND MONETAF;Y INTELLIGENCE
IS VERY MUCH FRONT AND CENTER IN THE GOVERNMENT TODAY
THE PRESIDENT IS INTENSELY INTERESTED IN WORLD ECO-
NOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, AND THE NEW SECRETARY' OF THE
TREASURY IS EAGER TO PARTICIPATE IN THE WORK OF THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITIES, I AM SURE THAT' THE TREASURY
REPRESENTATIVE ON THE USIB WILL MAKE A VALUABLE
CONTRIBUTION
I WOULD LIKE NOW TO TURN FROM THE INTELLI-
GENCE COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE TO THE FUNCTION OF CIA--
SINCE THAT IS THE ORGANIZATION THAT MOST DIRECTLY
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SUPPORTS THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLTGENCE~ ITS
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS FALL TN1~0 THREE BROAD CATEGORIES!
COLLECTION OF INTELLIGENCE;
COVERT ACTION OPERATIONS: AND
PRODUCTION OP FINISHED INTELLTGENCEfl
WE FIND IT CONVENIENT TO DIVIDE CIA~S TNTELLT-
GENCE COLLECTION EFFORTS--WHTCH~ INCTDENTALLY~ AC-
000NT FOR ALMOST' HALF OIF OUR OPERATING BUDGET--INTO
THREE GROUPINGS THAT REFi~ECT DIFFERENT MEANS OF AC-
QUTSITIONa THE FIRST TS OVERT. CO~.~.ECTION WHICH,
AS THE NAME SUGGESTS COVERS INFORMATION SECURED
BY OPEN OR NONCLANDESTINE MEANS '
OVERT COLLECTION INCMUDES THE MONITORING OF
F"oREIGN RADIOS, suCH As RADIO MoSCOw, RADI;o PEK~NG~
.AND THE VOICE OF THE ARABS IN CATROB AND ~"HE sCRU-
TINY OF THE WORLD PRESS, EVERY DAY
RECORDS MORES THAN
1,lOO HOURS OF FOREIGN BROADCASTS TN 68 LANGUAGES
SELECTING THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FOR IMMEDIATE TRANS-
LATION AND DISSEMINATTONQ IN ADDITION TO
N10NITORINSSELECTS AND TRANSLATES MATERIAL
FROM 3,00 FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS AND MAGA~INE.SG THIs
RADIO AND PRESS COLLECTION PROVIDES MUCH INFORMA-
TION NOT AVAI~,ABLE IN OUR. OWN NEWS MEDIA SUCH AS
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THE TEXTS OF SPEECHES BY FOREIGN LEADERS. AND EXTEN-
SIVE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MATERIAL IT ALSO
GIVES INSIGHTS INTO WHAT FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS ARE
TELLING THEIR OWN PEOPLE AND THE WORLD. Sl1CH AS
SOVIET COMMENT ON THE PRESIDENT'S VISIT fi0 CHINA
AND THE WAY RADIO HANOI IS HANDLING DEVELOPMENTS
IN THE INDOCHINA WARS
IN ADDITION, OVERT COLLECTION INCLUDES INFOR-
MATION OBTAINED BY AMERICAN INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANI-
ZATIONS WHO HAVE SPECIAL CONTACTS ABROAD. OR ACCESS
TO INFORMATION OF INTELLIGENCE INTEREST WE HAVE
OFFICES IN MAJOR U,S, CITIES, WHICH CARRY
ON THIS WORK. QUITE OPENLY I WOULD EMPHASIZE THAT
THE INFORMATION THESE OFFICES COLLECT PER1`AINS TO
FOREIGN COUNTRIES: WE DO l~ GATHER MATERIAL CON-
CERNING ~~$~ ACTIVITIES
THESE OFFICES CAPITALIZE ON THE WILLINGNESS
OF AN IMPRESSIVE NUMBER OF AMERICAN PRIVA`T`E INDI-
VIDUALS, BUSINESS FIRMS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS TO
COOPERATE ON A VOLUNTARY BASIS THESE CONTACTS
NOT ONLY SUPPLY VALUABLE INFORMATION ON FOREIGN
ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC AND COMMERCIAL MATTET~;S, BUT
ALSO HELP IN PURCHASING SPECIAL ITEMS OF E;QUiPMENT
OF INTELLIGENCE VALUE
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STILL ANOTHER TYPE OF OVERT COLLECTIOIV CONSISTS
OF 7HE PROCUREMENT. THROUGH OPEN CHANNELS, OF FOR-
EIGN PUBLICATIONS. INCLUDING NEWSPAPERS, BOOKS,
SCHOLARLY JOURNALS, MAPS, AND UNCLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS
AS YOU ALL KNOW. CIA ALSO UNDERTAKES ~.I_AND SE TINE
INTEL,j~IC~ENCE COLL~~TION THROUGH OUR OVERSEAS STATIONS
THESE COLLECTION OPERATIONS MAY RELY ON AN AGENT PEN-
ETRATION. THE SURREPTITIOUS ACQUISITION OF DOCUMENTS,
THE USE OF AUDIO DEVICES, OR OFFICIAL LIAISON WITH
A FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE C~O.DESTIIy.~ COLLEC-
TION CAN BE CATEGORIZED BY ITS PURPOSE IN CIA,
WE USE THE TERM ESPIONAGE TO REFER TO THE COLLECTION
OF POSITIVE INTELLIGENCE. OR SUBSTANTIVE IIVFORMATION
REGARDING, SAY. SOME FOREIGN POLICY OR INTI~.RNAL
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT, THE OUTPUT OF AN INDUSTRIAL
PLANT. OR THE CAPABILITY OF A WEAPON SYSTEI~1~ WE
USE THE TERM ~OUNTER~~~EL~~G~~~~, WHEN WE WORK TO
FRUSTRATE HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION AGAINST
THE U.S. OR OUR ALLIES. OR TO PROTECT OUR PERSONNEL
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AND OUR OPERATIONS FROM BEING PENETRATED OR ROLLED
UP BY OTHERS
A THIRD TYPE OF INTELLIGENCE GATHERING IS
~CHNICAL COLLECTION, WHICH DIVIDES INTO THE INTER-
CEPTION OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGES AND OTHER SIGNALS,
AND OVERHEAD PHOTOGRAPHY
THE INTERCEPTION OF ELECTRONIC SIGNALS COR
SIGINT) IS HANDLED MAINLY BY THE NATIONAL SECURITY
AGENCY.
CIA PARTICIPATES ACTIVELY IN THE NATIONAL PRO-
GRAM FOR EXPLOITING PHOTOGRAPHY FOR INTELLIGENCE IN-
FORMATION THROUGH THE NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRE-
TATION CENTER--OR NPIC AS WE CALL ITS THIS CENTER IS
ADMINISTERED BY CIA IN CLOSE COLLABORATION WITH THE
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, AND IS JOINTLY STAFFED
BY THE TWO AGENCIES AS THE NAME SUGGESTS, THE NPIC
EXAMINES FILMS IN DETAIL AND ANALYZES AND INTERPRETS
7HE PHOTOGRAPHY AND OTHER IMAGERY THE WORK OF THE
NPIC FEEDS INTO AND SUPPORTS INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTION
THROUGHOUT THE COMMUNITY
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I NEED ONLY MENTION THE DETECTION OF 'THE SOVIET
MEDIUM RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILES IN CUBA IN OCTOBER
1962, fi0 PROVE HOW ESSENTIAL ~IPIC I5 TO OUR INTELLI-
GENCE-EFFORT YOU MAY ALSO HAVE HEARD OF THE TECH-
NIQUE WE CALL "CRATE-OLOGY~" PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING
CRATES ON THE DECK OF A SHIP CAN YIELD THE SHAPE
AND DTMENSIONS OF THE CRATE, AND THEREBY PROVIDE A
PRETTY GOOD INDICATION OF WHAfi IS INSIDE THE CRATE
THIS AND OTHER MORE ADVANCED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
MAKE PHOTO INTERPRETATION A SCIENCE IN ITSELF
MORE RECENTLY, fJPIC HAS MADE AN INVALUABLE
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE STRATEGIC ARMS
LIMITATIONS TALKS WITH THE SOVIET UNION .E3EFORE
EVEN BEGTNNING TALKS, LET ALONE SIGNING THE AGREE-
MENTS IN MOSCOW ON MAY 26,1972, OUR POLICY MAKERS
NEEDED RELIABLE INTELLIGENCE CONCERNING THE NUMBERS,
CAPAByLITIES, AND DEPLOYMENT OF SOVIET STRATEGIC
WEAPONS
AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE STRATEGIC ARMS
LIMITATIONS AGREEMENTS, PJPIC's ROLE ASSUME:b EVEN
GREATER IMPORTANCE THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
NOW HAS THE TASK OF MONITORING SOVIET COMPLIANCE
WITH THE AGREEMENTS,-AND WE WILL LEAN HEAVILY ON
NPIC IN CARRYING OUT THIS VITAL TASKe~~ OTHER TECH-
NICAL COLLECTION SYSTEMS, AS WELL AS "OLD FASHIONED"
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HUMAN SOURCES, WILL ALSO BE CALLED UPON VIE HAVE
BEEN PREPARING FOR fiHIS JOB FOR SOME. TIME NOWT I
AM CONFIDENT THAT THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY CAN
ACCUMULATE THE EVIDENCE AND ACCOMPLISH THE ANALYSIS
THAT WOULD PROVIDE TIMELY WARNING OF A SIGNIFICANT
VIOLATION OF THE AGREEMENTS SIGNED IN MOSCOW
TO ASSIST THE DIRECTOR IN CARRYING OU`T HIS
HEAVY RESPONSIBILITY FOR MONITORING SOVIET COMPLI-
ANCE WITH THE SALT AGREEMENTS, HE HAS SET UP A
SPECTAL COMMITTEE OF USIB PRINCIPALSo THIS COMMIT-
TEE IS CALLED THE USIB STEERING GROUP ON MONITORING
STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATIONS, AND IS CHAIRED BY THE
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE ITS THREE
MEMBERS ARE THE DIRECTOR OF DIA, THE DIRECTOR OF If~R
FROM STATE, AND CIA's DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR INTELLi-
GENCE~ THIS GROUP IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUIDANCE TO
AND SUPERVISION OF ALL INTELLIGENCE MONITORING AC-
TIVITIES REQUIRED UNDER THE SALT AGREEMENTSa
25X
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CLANDESTINE RESOURCES, WHO ARE HIGHLY TRAINED IN THE
TECHNIQUES OF CONSPIRACY AND SUBVERSION, AND WHO CON-
TINUE TO USE THESE RESOURCES TO UNDERMINE UNITED
STATES' INTERESTS
THERE ARE OCCASIONS WHEN IT IS IMPORTANT FOR
THE UNITED STATES TO COUNTER THESE EFFORTS BY COVERT
ACTION OPERATIONS THIS IS NOT NECESSARILY BECAUSE
OUR GOVERNMENT WOULD BE ASHAMED OF EITHER ITS OBJEC-
TIVES OR ITS METHODS IT IS PRIMARILY BECAUSE THE
.inn rnN RF nnNF MnRF FFFECTiVELY BY COVERT' MEANS SO
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COVERT ACTION--WHETHER OF THE POLITLCAL OR THE
PARAMILITARY TYPE--FALLS IN THE SHADOWY, TWILIGHT.
zONE OF GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS THAT CONGRESS HAD IN
MIND WHEN IT DIRECTED CIA To PERFORM "SUCH OTHER
SfRVTCES" AS THE P~ATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL MIGHT
DIRECT DUR CRITICS WOULD HAVE YOU BELIEVE THAT
EVER SINCE CONGRESS GAVE THIS AUTHORITY IN 1947,
CIA HAS DONE AS IT HAS PLEASED, WITHOUT REGARD TO
OFFICIAL POLICIES OR OBJECTIVES OF THE UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT, AND SOMETIMES IN DIAMETRIC OPPOSITION TO
THOSE POLICIES
THIS IS NOT AT ALL THE CASE THE FACT IS THAT
WHENEVER THE CIA CARRIES OUT A COVERT ACTION PROGRAM
OVERSEAS, IT IS WITH THE PRIOR APPROVAL OF' THE HIGHEST
.LEVELS OF THE GOVERNMENT
WHILE WE ARE ON THE SUBJECT OF SUPERVISION OF
AGENCY ACTIVITIES I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THA1`, CONTRARY
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TO GENERAL IMPRESSION, CIA IS SUBJECfi TO RESPONSIBLE
AND AUTHORITATIVE SUPERVISION ON A CONTINUING. BASIS
8Y INSTRUMENTS OF BOTH THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE
BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT, IN THE SENATEr AND HOUSE
THIS SUPERVISION IS EXERCISED BY SPECIAL :yUBCOMMITTEES
OF THE APPROPRIATIONS AND ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEES,
IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH, CIA IS UNDER CLOSE SCRUTINY
OF THE PRESIDENT'S FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY
BOARD, THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, AND THE
VARIOUS COMMITTEES OF THE NEW ~"~ATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL SYSTEM THESE COMMITTEES PROVIDE AN EFFEC-
TIVE MECHANISM FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE AGENCY'S
ACTIVITIES WITH OTHER OVERSEAS OPERATIONS OF OUR
GOVERNMENT,
OVERSEAS, THE PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION AND
ACCOUNTABILITY ARE CONTINUED BY THE COUNTRY TEAMS,
WHERE ALL AGENCIES AfiTACHED TO AN EMBASSY,-INCLUDING
CIA, OPERATE UNDER THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF THE
AMBASSADOR
THE THIRD PRIMARY MISS-ION OF CIA IS 'XO PRODUCE
NATIO AL INTE_~I_GENCE, AND TO PROVIDE FOR ITS Y.
DISSEMINATION TO THE PRESIDENT, THE PJATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL, AND OTHER TOP POLICY-MAKERS, THIS IS ONE
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OF THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILIfiIES OF fiHE DIRECfiOR OF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, AND ALTHOUGH SOME INTELLIGENCE
ANALYSES ARE PREPARED SOLELY WITHIN CIA, A GOOD MANY
OTHERS ARE PRODUCED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF OTHER
MEMBERS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
THE NAfiIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES ARE OF fiHE
LAfifiER TYPEp TO THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE NOT FAMILIAR
WITH THE ~`J I Es, fiHEY ARE fiHE PAPERS WHERE, .BY USING
OUR PRESENfi KNOWLEDGE OF A SITUAfiION AND EXISTING
DATA AS A BASE LINE, WE TRY TO LOOK INfiO fiHE FUfiURE
AND fi0 ESTIMATE WHAfi IS GOING fi0 HAPPEN IN SOME
PARfiICU.LAR COUNTRY OR ON SOME PARTICULAR TOPIC
MANY HIES COVER FAIRLY STANDARD TOPICS SUCH
AS, "THE OUfi LOOK IN COUNTRY A OR AREA Da" .HERE WE
LOOK AHEAD fiW0 OR fiHREE YEARS AND DEAL WITH BROAD
TRENDS AND EXPECTED LINES OF POLICY IN THE COUNfiRY
OR AREA IN QUESTION
ANOTHER GROUP OF ~JIES ARE MORE SPECIALISED
PAPERS ON THE SOVIET MILITARY ESTABLISHMEN'T~ THESE
ESTIMATES ARE BUILfi ON A SOLID BASE OF EVIDENCE;
fiHEY GO INTO GREATER DETAIL AND GENERALLY LOOK AHEAD
FOR PERIODS UP fi0 FIVE YEARS THE PRINCIPAL ONES
FOCUS ON fiHE USSR'S SfiRAfiEGIC AfifiACK FORCES, AIR
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DEFENSE CAPABILITIES, AND GENERAL PURPOSE FORCES
THE PRODUCTION OF THREE ANNUAL PAPERS ON THESE TOPICS
IS TIMED TO ASSIST IN THE PLANNING OF DEFENSE FORCE
LEVELS AND BUDGETS,
A THIRD TYPE IS THE SPECIAL NATIONAL INTELLI-
GENCE ESTIMATE, OR SPJIE, WHICH IS COMPOSED OF AD boC
PAPERS ON IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF ..THE MOMENT, SUCH AS
THE EXPECTED REACTION TO SOME PROPOSED--BUT AS YET
UNAPPROVED--COURSE OF ACTION BY THE U.S. AS A PURELY
HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE, A SPdIE MIGHT ASSESS THE REAC-
TION IF THE U,S, WERE TO TAKE ACTION AFFECTING THE
INTERESTS OF A FOREIGN COUNTRY THE SPJIE:S ARE USUALLY
REQUESTED BY SOME POLICY-MAKER, AND, AS ti'OU CAN SEE,
THEY OFTEN GET INTO SOME PRETTY SENSITIVE: MATTERS
ALL OF THE P~ATIONAL ESTIMATES ARE PREPARED
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE BOARD OF~P~A1rIONAL ES-
TIMATES, WHICH I MENTIONED EARLIER AS ONE: OF OUR
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ASSETS THE BOARD AND OFFICE
OF ~'AT I ONAL ESTIMATES ARE I N C IA, BUT THEY ASSIST
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIS CAPACITY
AS THE PRESIDENTS PRINCIPAL INTELLIGENCI OFFICER,
NOT AS HEAD OF CIA, THE HIES ARE NATIONA.~ INTELLI-
GENCE THEY MUST, THEREFORE, REFLECT THE CONSIDERED
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JUDGMENT OF THE. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY THLS IS EN-
SURED THROUGH THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL APPROPRIATE
ELEMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY, THROUGH CONTRIBUTION OF
FACTS AND JUDGMENTS, IN THE PREPARATION OF THE ES-
TIMATE AND ITS REVIEW BY THE U,S. INTELLIGENCE BOARD
THE OBJECTIVE OF EACH ESTIMATE IS A CAREFUL AND
THOUGHTFUL SET OF JUDGMENTS WHICH WILL BE OF THE
GREATEST POSSIBLE ASSISTANCE TO THE POLICY?-MAKER AND
PLANNER--AND IT IS PRESENTED AS THE DCI'S ESTIMATE
ANOTHER TYPE OF FINISHED INTELLIGENCE IS CURRENT
INTELLIGENCE IT IS DESIGNED TO ENSURE THAT THE DE-
CISION MAKER IS WELL INFORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE
LATEST AVAILABLE INFORMATION FROM ALL SOURCES, ON
SIGNIFICANT WORLD DEVELOPMENTS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE
INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES IT IS ALSO DESIGNED
TO ALERT THE POLICY-MAKER TO AN INCIPIENT CRISIS
CIA MAINTAINS AN OPERATIONS CENTER WHICH, LIKE
HAROLD~S CLUB IN RENO, OPENED YEARS AGO AND-HAS
NEVER BEEN CLOSED THIS MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO ALERT
OUR PEOPLE TO PRODUCE SPOT CURRENT INTELLIGENCE OR
TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ON A ~4 HOUR BASIS IN CRITI-
CAL SITUATIONS THE OPERATIONS CENTER TS ALSO CON-
NECTED BY RAPID AND SECURE COMMUNICATIONS 'TO THE
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NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER AND THE NATIONAL IN-
DICATIONS CENTER IN THE PENTAGON, THE STATE DEPARTMENT
OPERATIONS CENTER, AND THE WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
THE FUNCTION OF THE NATIONAL INDICATIONS CENTER IS TO
MAINTAIN AN AROUND THE CLOCK INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
WATCH FOR INDICATIONS OF FOREIGN PREPARATIONS TO AT-
TACK THE U,S,, ITS FORCES OVERSEAS, OR ITS ALLIES
CURRENT INTELLIGENCE HAS OFTEN BEEN COMPARED TO
A NEWSPAPER I BELIEVE THERE IS ONE SIGNIIFICANT DIF-
FERENCE- CIA'S CURRENT INTELLIGENCE IS PRODUCED BY A
GROUP OF ANALYSTS WHO ARE EXPERTS IN THEIR FIELDS AND
WHO HAVE AL.14 SOURCES OF INFORMATION OPEN TO THEM
CIA's cuRRENT INTELLIGENCE IS DISSEMINATED IN DAILY
AND WEEKLY PUBLICATIONS, SPECIAL MEMORANDA, AND SITUA-
TION REPORTS ON CRISIS TOPICS
I WOULD LIKE TO TELL YOU A LITTLE MORE ABOUT TWO
OF OUR REGULAR CURRENT INTELLIGENCE PUBLICATIONS--THE
C N~ TRAL INTE LL IGENC,~. $ULL~TIN AND T_~. ~B,E,S_~~L~.~S_
DAILY ~~
THE BULLETIN IS PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING EXCEPT
SUNDAY, AND IS ISSUED IN fiHREE EDITIONS, EACH DE-
SIGNED TO Mf ET THE NEEDS OF A PARTICULAR READERSHIP
ONE OF THESE, WHICH CONTAINS MATERIAL OF VERY HIGH
CLASSIFICATION, IS DESIGNED FOR THE TOP POLICY-
MAKERS~ THE BULLETIN CONTAINS FULLY COORDINATED
_2~_
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INTELLIGENCE ALTHOUGH CIA PREPARES THE DRAFTS AND
DOES THE PRINTING AND DISSEMINATION, THE ITEMS REP-
RESENT THE COORDINATED VIEWS OF CIA, DIA, AND THE
STATE DEPARTMENT,
~. P~~.SIDENT'S DAILY $RIEF, ALSO PUBII~ISHED SIX
DAYS A WEEK, IS CONSTRUCTED MOSTLY FROM THE COORDINATED
ITEMS PREPARED FOR THE U T ~ WE HAVE MADE EVERY
EFFORT TO TA~LORD ~~ COVERAGE AND STYLE TO
THE INTERESTS OF PRESIDENT ~~IXON~ IT TNGLUDES A
CONSIDERABLE QUANTITY OF EXTREMELY SENSITIVE MATERIAL
THAT CANNOT BE USED IN ANY OF OUR OTHER PUT3LICATIONS~
THIS MAKES IT A TRULY ALL-SOURCE VEHICLE, AND UN-
QUE8TIONABLY A MORE SIGNIFICANT INTELLIGENCE D000-
MENT FOR THE HIGHEST POLICY LEVEL
ANOTHER TYPE OF INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTION COM-
PRISES THE RESE~.RCH STUDY THESE STUDIES COVER A
WIDE VARIETY OF TOPICS--FOR EXAMPLE, AN ANALYSIS OF
THE VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE SOVIET ECONOMY, THE OIL
INDUSTRY IN IRAN, OR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LASERS IN
FRANCE THE STUDIES ARE OFTEN PRODUCED IN RESPONSE
TO SPECIFIC REQUESTS FROM THE WHTTE HOUSE, THE SEC-
RETARIES OF STATE AND DEFENSE, OR THEIR SENIOR OF-
FICERS
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FINALLY, OUR PRODUCTION INCLUDES WHAT WE CALL
BASIC TNTELLIGENCE~ THIS IS A DURABLE TYPE OF BREAD-
AND-BUTTER FACT YOU FIND IN THE ~~ATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
SURVEY--THE RAILROAD SYSTEM, THE CAPACITY OF THE
PORTS, THE POLICE MACHINERY, THE MILITARY FORCES OF
A PARTICULAR COUNTRY AS THE NAME IMPLIES, THE PlIS
IS THE RESULT OF A WIDE COLLABORATION OF DIFFERENT
PARTS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
THESE, THEN, ARE SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL VEHICLES
THROUGH WHICH OUR FINISHED INTELLIGENCE REACHES THE SLIDE #3
ORG. OF CIA
POLICY-MAKERS WHO NEED IT,
AS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL INTELLI-
GENCE AGENCY, CIA IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PRINCIPAL
GROUPINGS--REFERRED TO AS DIRECTORATES--AND SEVERAL
STAFF OR SPECIAL FUNCTIONS, THE HEADS OF WHICH RE-
PORT DIRECTLY TO THE DIRECTOR AN EXAMPLE OF THE
LATTER IS THE OFFICE OF ~~ATIONAL ESTIMATES WHICH I
REFERRED TO EARLIER
~~OW FOR THE DIRECTORATES, THE DDI, OR TE I-
E C DIRECTORATE, IS THE PRINCIPAL PRODUCER OF
FINISHED SUBSTANTIVE INTELLIGENCE THIS DIRECTORATE
INCLUDES FUNCTIONAL OFFICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CURRENT
INTELLIGENCE, ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND STRATEGIC ~MILI-
TARY) RESEARCH, WHICH PROVIDE THE MUSCLE FOR THE
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PRODUCTION PROCESS THE DDI IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR
OVERT COLLECTION AND FOR ADMINISTERING THE ~~ATIONAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE NEXT DIRECTORATE IS THE DDO OR OPERATIONS
DIRECTORATE WHICH IS ANOTHER WAY OF REFERRING TO THE
CIA's CLANDESTINE SERVICES THEY CONDUCT ESPIONAGE,
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND COVERT ACTION OPERATIONS
THE DDO TS ORGANIZED IN A SERIES OF AREA DIVISIONS,
SIMILAR TO THE STATE DEPARTMENTS REGIONAL BUREAU S
IT HAS STAFFS FOR SPECIALIZED MATTERS SUCH AS PARA-
MILITARY OPERATIONS, COVERT ACTION AND 000NTERINTEL-
LIGENCE THE DIRECTORATE ALSO OPERATES OUR CLANDES-
TINE UNITS ABROAD, WHICH WE CALL "STATIONS " THE
OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE AND THE CHIEFS OF OUR OVERSEAS
STATIONS SUPPORT THE DIRECTOR IN HIS RESPONSIBILITY
FOR CO-ORDINATING THE COVERT COLLECTION OPERATIONS
WHICH ARE CONDUCTED BY OTHER ~~$~ INTELLIGENCE OR-
GANIZATIONS~ AS ATTACHE I RAN SEVERAL
THE DIRECTORATE QE S I C ~ TECHNOLOGY, AS
THE NAME SUGGESTS, CONCENTRATES ON THE SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF OUR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES,
INCLUDING HIGHLY SOPHISTICATED TECHNICAL COLLECTION
OPERATIONS, TOGETHER WITH THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT SUPPORTING SUCH ACTIVITIES, AS WELL AS THE
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PRODUCTION OF SUBSTANTIVE INTELLIGENCE ON THE S&T
CAPABILITIES OF FOREIGN NATION S
THE FOURTH DIRECTORATE IS THE DIRECTORATE
MANAGEMENT ~D SERVICES, WHICH EMBRACES 1'HE VERY
IMPORTANT AND HIGHLY SPECIALIZED SUPPORT SERVICES,
SUCH AS SECURITY, COMMUNICATIONS, TRAINING, PERSONNEL,
FINANCE, LOGISTICS, PRINTING AND THE HOUSEKEEPING
FUNCTIONS, THIS DIRECTORATE ALSO HOUSES OUR COMPUTER
CENTER
BEFORE CLOSING, I WOULD LIKE TO MENTION TWO
OTHER WAYS IN WHICH CIA AND THE REST OF T'HE INTELLI-
GENCE COMMUNITY PROVIDE THE INTELLIGENCE INPUT FOR
THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS, WE DO THIS, I WOULD
STRESS, T OU PARTICIPATING IN SUBSTANTIVE DEBATES
CONCERNING POLICY POSITIONS
ONE WAY WE PARTICIPATE IS THROUGH THE ~'ATIONAL
SECURITY COUNCIL APPARATUS, AND THE PRODUCTION OF
~~ATIONAL SECURITY STUDY P'~EMORANDA--WHAT WE HAVE COME
TO CALL ~JSS~1S ~ TH I S PROCESS ENABLES US TO CARRY OUT
OUR ADVISORY AND POLICY SUPPORT ROLE IN A DIRECT
FASHION AND AT A LEVEL PREVIOUSLY RATHER UNUSUAL FOR
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
WELL OVER A HUNDRED OF THESE PJSSMS HAVE BEEN
COMMISSIONED, AND CIA PARTICIPATED IN THE GREAT MA-
JORITY OF THEM THESE STUDIES RANGE FROM HIGHLY
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SPECIFIC PROJECTS, SUCH AS U,S, POLICY TOWARD SPAIN,
TO LENGTHY AND WIDE-RANGING STUDIES OF CHOICES FOR
THE U,S, STRATEGIC POSTURE~.,SOME, LIKE THE WORLD OIL
PROBLEM, HAVE SHORT, CRISIS-LIKE DEADLINES, WHILE
OTHERS GO ON FOR THE BEST PART OF A YEAR
DUR FUNCTION IN fiHiS PROCESS IS TO SUPPLY THE
INTELLIGENCE FACTS AND MAKE THE INTELLIGENCE JUDGMENTS
WHICH GO INTO THE ARRAY OF POLICY OPTLONS WHICH A ~~SSM
IS DESIGNED TO PRESENT TO THE PRESIDENT THESE EF-
FOR'GS HAVE COME TO TAKE A CONSIDERABLE SLICE OF oUR
TIME, ESPECIALLY THAT OF OUR SENIOR OFFICERS IN MY
VIEW, HOWEVER, THIS NEW PROCEDURE OF INi/OLVING IN-
TELLIGENCE IN THE POLICY-MAKING MACHINERY iHAKES FOR
A MUCH FULLER USE OF THE COMMUNITY~S CAPABILITIESo
CIE ARE, TO USE TODAY~S JARGON, MORE RELEVA~VT~
LASTLY, THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IS
CALLED UPON TO BRIEF THE P'JATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
ITSELF ON THE INTELLIGENCE ASPECTS OF ISSUES TO BE
DISCUSSED
I HOPE THAT YOU HAVE GATHERED FROM MY REMARKS
THAT THE ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNI7?Y IN RELA-
TION TO NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY TS BOTH E.~CTENSIVE
AND IMPORTANT IT CALLS FOR A LOT OF HARD WORK FROM
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THE DEDICATED MEN AND WOMEN WHO STAFF THE VARIOUS
COMPONENTS OF THE COMMUNITYo AS HAS OFTENI BEEN
POINTED OUT, OUR FAILURES GET WIDE PUBLICITY AND OUR
SUCCESSES GENERALLY GO UNHERALDED EVERY NOW AND
THEN, HOWEVER, WE GET A "WELL-DONE" FROM TIHOSE WHO
REALLY COUNT WE INTEND TO CONTINUE TO MERIT THEIR
TRUST AND CONFIDENCE
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SPECIALIZED SKILL AND DEDICATION fi0 A DEGREE NOT
REQUIRED BEFORE
NOfi COMPETITIVE OR DUPLICATING
EACH DO OUR SHARE
ATTACHE HAS ACCESS TO PEOPLE AND INSTALLAT'IONS~
--~~HEELER TO SILOS
WE CAN AND MUSfi WORK fi0GE1`HER~ WE SHALL HAVE
FEWER FIREMEN WE MUSfi KNOW WHERE FIRE HAZARDS AREA
IF I WERE TO SUM UP MY EXPERIENCE IN THE AGENCY
DURING THE LAST SIX MONTHS, IT WOULD BE IN ONE WORD--
REASSURANCE TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE, DED~CAT~ON
AND CONTINUITY
"WE ARE CAPfiIVES IN A FREE LAND A LONG TIME
AGO WE WENT LOOKING FOR FREEDOM AND FREEDOM FOUND
US AND CAPTURED US. ~~IE HAVE BEEN SENTENCED fi0 LIVE
13Y DUST LAWS, LEVELED BY EQUALITY, CHARGED BY FAITH
AS OUR BROTHERS KEEPERS, HEMMED IN BY OUR; NEIGHBOR S
PERSONAL LIBERTIES, AND DRAFTED FOR THE DI~RAfiION,
BY THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS YET UNBORN4"
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