ASSASSINS ALLEGATION IS DENIED

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 6, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 28, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

Approved For Release 200%0K:ArP'61-154R01REMET40001-8
'Assassins'
Allegation
Is Denied -
_WILLIAMSBURG (UPI) ?
;A Central Intelligence Agency
spokesman has labeled "ut-
terly untrue" a published re-
port that a camp in Virginia
;was used for CIA training in
=clear weapons.
The spokesman also denied
"unequivocally" that secrecy-
shfouded Camp Peary in
York County was used to
train CIA agents in assassina-
tion techniques.
The report was published in
the weekly Virginia Gazette;
.which based its story on an
interview with a former CIA
man.
The newspaper published
here said Camp Peary is a
secret CIA training base and
has been for years. Agents
are trained in assassination,
demolition, parachutes, wire-
tapping and intelligence-gath-
ering and have experimented
with "-i.vhat the former CIA
agent called "mini-nuclear
bombs."
The one-time CIA man is
Joe Maggio, who said he was
trained at the camp for six
months. Maggio has written a
novel about the CIA entitled
"Company Uan."
The CIA spokesman said
Maggio had been "fired for
cause from a Central In-
telligence Agency training
program." The spokesman
denied the charges about as-
sassination training and said
"the allegation about mini-nu-
?clear weapons in any CIA
training program or use by
'.the agency is utterly untrue.?
_Maggio said he was fired
for free-lance writing he did
while working for the CIA,
not because of the way he did
. his work with tile agency. ?
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Approved For Release 201/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-016
BURLINGTON, VT,
FREE PRESS
M - 43,479
\ DEC 2(91
Rand McNally Publishes
CIA-compiled China Atlas
Free Press - Gannett Service changes: Its cover is glossy black,
WASHINGTON -- The unique the CIA-GPO edition is white; it
atlas of China, originally is slightly smaller than the
compiled by the Central government edition; and the
Intelligence Agency for the populations of the major world
President's visit there earlier this cities have been changed
year, proved ? so popular the
government published it at $5.25
a copy.
But if you look closely in
commercial bookstores you'll
find Ran McNally is selling an all-
but-identical atlas "from
materials prepared by the U.S.
goverment" at 34.95 paperback,
$10 hardbound.
Piracy? Plagarism? Copy
catting?
None of these. Rand McNally,
for the sum which one executive
recalls as roughly $1,500, bought
the government films from
which it was able to make
printing plates for the atlas.
Anybody can do the same. The
government does not copyright
such material, on the theory it
belongs to the public, so any
publisher can put it out for his
own profit if he wishes.
Tho CIA's atlas is unusual in
that much of the information ?
on climate and railroads, for
example ? is presented in
comparison to the United States
and occasionally some other
nations. The maps and charts
- were produced just for the
volume.
Neither the CIA nor the
Government Printing Office has
any idea of how much the
research, map work, writing and
printing cost ran, so there is no
way to assess how big a bargain
Rand McNally got. One thing is
sure ? it was many times $1,500..
Rand McNally made only three,
somewhat.
The original was in eight
colors, and Rand McNally
probably would prefer to hold it
down to four colors. But it was
forced to print in eight.
Rand McNally printed 15,000
copies. a spokesman said. The
CIA's original printing was 5,000
and then the volume was turned
over to the GOP which, on an
outside contract, printed 35,000
more.
Rand McNally managed to get
the book out in time for
Christmas. The government
version has been out for most of
the year. Although the Rand
McNally version isn't yet selling
like hotcakes, the spokesman
believes the company may have
to go into a second printing.
Such procedures are common
in publishing. Very often reports
by government commissions are
whipped into paperback form,
provided with an introduction
and sold on newsstands by
private publishers.
When an interviewer suggested
the atlas represented a
considerable private dividend on
the taxpayer's investment, the
Rand McNally spokesman said:
"We pay a lot of taxes, too."
-
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?
Approved For R 2001
STATINTL STATINTL
s-V't 9d
? . ?
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,
GAINSVILLZ, FLOUT1A
Approved For Release 2001AV/04(ubosiminykpr
A Ea@ 67 Seerer. MlorlicLa Licen@e
By DUANE BRADFORD
Sun Capital Bureau _
TALLAHASSEE The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency has
been issued 67 secret Florida license. tags, the registration
records of which are kept from public scrutiny in violation of
Florida law.
The agency is one of dozens of fetkTal. stale,. anti county and
city governments throughout Ili rida that had receivid 3,1177
such secret tags as of Nov. 2. according to Department of
Highway Safety records.
Florida law requires such records to he open for inspection,
but the absence of any law shielding anonymity of the 3,100.plus
tag holders has not stopped public officials such as Motor
Vehicle Division Director John I). Calvin from refusing to
reveal any records on the secret license tags.
One of the secret tags is held hy Florida Education
Commissioner Floyd T. Christian on an automobile owned by
.the state. Christian has said he got the tag, because his
predecessor, former Supt. of Public Instruction Thomas D.
Bailey, had such a tag. The tag costs only 50 cents a year. A
secret tag cannot he traced by 1 citizen. If an inquiry is made,
the Motor Vehicle Division tells the inquirer that the tag record
is out of the files" and asks that the inquirer give a name and
telephone number so the in can he telephoned. when
. found. ?
The division then notifies the secret lag holder of the inquiry
being made about the automobile bearing the secret tag
number and is given the name of the person in about the
tag.
Secretary of State Richard Stone had such a secret tag on a
state car until a reporter spoiled Mrs. Stone driving the vehicle
at a Tallahassee shopping center. Stone said he removed the
.lag.
In a?memo prepared for Department of Highway Safety and
Motor Vehicles executive director Ralph Davis, the 3,077 secret
tags issues as of last Nov. 2 were broken down in the following
manner:
Federal government agencies, 715; counties, 911; state
agencies, 443;
The memo identified only the agencies and number of tags
issued. ?
Among other federal agencies isstm.d tags, the Department of
Defense (Air Force, Army and Navy) have received 103 secret
tags for use on its vehicles. With the CIA tags, Defense has
received 170 secret tags. ?
The Border Patrol has one such tag; FBI, 301, Immunization
and Naturalization. 17; Bureau of Narcotics, 51, and Labor
Mat ions. WU
That totals 105 for the
Department of Justice. The
confidential tag is designed for
use on law enforcement
vehicles under circumstances
where the identity of the
enforcement agency is desired.
to be kept secret. Such vehicles
are used for surveillance work.
The Treasury Department
has 216 such tags with Customs
having 112; Alcohol, Tobacco
and Firearms, 57; and Secret
Service 47.
The Department of Interior
kFish and Wildlife) has 17
tags; Federal Communications,
Commission two; General
Service Administration, 94;
!menial Revenue Service, 83;
Post Office, 21.
While there were 911 tags
issued to various county of-
ficials throughout Florida, the
?standout on the list as the one
secret tag showed issued to the
PinellasCounty School Board.
It could not be learned who
held that tag and for what
purpose.
Many sheriffs use
confidential tags, including 29
in .Alachua County.
The cities of Pensacola,
Plant City, Ocala, Ft..
Lauderdale and Ft. Myers
among the more populated
areas of Florida ?? are not
listed as using secret tags on
any of their vehicles.
But Kissimmee, with a
population of 7,119, has seven
such secret tags. At that rate,
St. Petersburg should have 216
such secret tags. But it has 49.
Sunrise Golf Village City, with
a population of 7403, has two
suc c tags and Maitland, with a
similar population, has four
confidential tags.
Palm Beach has two,
Pinellas Park 5, Riviera Beach
9, Auburndale 3, Bartow 3,
Belleair 1, and Clearwater 14
confidential tag numbers for
vehicles of under-terminable
use.
Dunedin has two secret tags
while Gainesville has 27,
Holmes Beach (with a
population of .2,7 0 0) 10,
Lakeland has 8 such tags,
Largo 2.
Tallahassee, With a
population of 71,000, has 26
such secret tags.
Among state agencies, 132
secret tags are issued to the
Department of Business
Regulation, Division of
Beverage; the Department of
Highway Safety and Motor
Vehicles (Florida Highway
Patrol), 100; and Department
of Law Enforcement 127 such
tags.
The Divsion of Animal
Industry of the Department of
Agriculture has three such
tags. One reason for the tags,
it was reported, was to
investigate cattle rustling.
The secret tag issue
blossomed earlier this year
when a reporter in Gainesville
observed a person bein club-
bed during disturbanc( at the
University of Flor,..a..The
reporter noted the tag number
bf_theicar_driveibylthelofficers.
The identity of the car's owner
could not be traced because of
the secrecy policy established
without benefit of law.
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$TAT1NTL
WASHIIIGTON STAR
Approved For Release 2001/03fOginalAgRDP80-01
By JOSEPH VOLZ an
JAMES R. POLK .
Star-News Staff Writers
Mrs. E. Howard Hunt, wife
of a suspect in the Watergate
break-in and bugging case,
Was insured for $250,000 on a
flight which crashed in Chic-
ago last week, killing her and
44 other passengers.
? Reliable sources told The
Star-News that Mrs. Dorothy
Hunt named her husband as
the beneficiary for a $100,000
Mutual of Omaha policy and
two $75,000 policies, all pur-
chased at Washington National
Airport where the flight origi-
nated. ?
Mrs. hunt's $100,000 acci-
dental death policy represent-
ed about one-fourth of all the
insurance coverage written
here by. Mutual for that flight.
Sources said both Hunt and
? ?his. wife regularly took out
high insurance policies when
flying.
Mrs., Hunt also was carrying
$10,000 in cash which her hus-
? band says was going to be
invested with a relative, 1-Tar-
old C. Carlstead, a Chicago
accountant with interests in'
? motels,
No Apparent Link
- -Hunt and six others are
scheduled to be tried in U.S.
District Court next month on
charges stemming from the
June 17 break-in at the Demo;
? ? ?
5nt Hc
cratic Party's Water gate
headquarters.
The US. attorney's office is
particularly interested in the
$100 bills Mrs. Hunt was
carrying. However, a check of
the serial numbers on the hills
with those which Watergate
suspect Bernard Barker with-
drew from a Florida bank aft-
er cashing Republican cam-
paign checks shows no appar-
ent link.
Mrs. Hunt paid about $10 for
her insurance policies and re-
portedly was insured for simi-
lar amounts on previous
flights.
Her husband said he did not
make the flight because "I
would have to get a court or-
der to leave the Washington
area."
Hunt flew to Chicago after
receiving word his wife's
,plane had crashed. Reliable
sources say he insured himSelf
for "slightly more" than
$250,000 on his flight. Sources
said both Hunt and his wife
regularly took out high insurs
ance policies when flying.. .
Single Roll of Bills
Mutual of Omaha still has
not been contacted by anyone
representing the Hunt family
to file a claim even though the
crash was five days ago.
The $10,000 found in Mrs.
Hunt's purse was contained in
a single roll ? of $100 bills
wrapped with a rubber band.
A check of the serial num-
bers showed many of the bills
may have come from a bank
in the New York City area.
A total of $5,300 in $100 bills
had been seized by police in
the arrest of five of the Water-
gate suspects inside the Demo-
cratic headquarters.
That money was linked to
Nixon eampagin funds when
those serial numbers were
traced to a Miami bank where
Barker had cashed checks to-
taling $114,000 in contribu-
tions. ?
The packet of $100 bills that
Barker is known to have
picked up Was part of a series
from F 02457101 to F 02457600.
Only two .of the $100 bills car-
ried by Mrs. Hunt bore F num?
bers and these, F 02322930 A
and F 03873745 A were unrelat-
ed to the Barker money.
'Good Luck, FS' ?
The serial numbers on the
other bills found in the dead
wonian's purse were spread
among federal . banking dis-
tricts throughout the entire na-
tion,. indicating most of the
money was in used bills and
therefore hard to trace.
But investigators did find
? one group of new bills in se-
quence from G 08075077 A
through B 08075081 A which
originated with a bank in the
New York City area.
The B letter, identifying the
funds with the Federal Re-
serve district for New York,
appeared on four other sets of
bills in the roll.
. Among the $100 bills carried
by Mrs. Hunt was one that
reportedly bore the inscrip-
tion: "Good luck. FS."
The initials are the same as
those of Frank Sturgis, anoth-
er of the suspects arrested in-
side the Watergate. But Stur-
gis, reached in Miami, denied
flatly that he had written the
'phrase.
"That is not my signature,"
hp said.
Fired From Job '.
ht
STATINTL-
1: nsurai
used several names in his life-
time, at first told police last
summer his name was Hamil-
ton.
Sturgis, who was active in
the Bay of Pigs invasion of
Cuba, also declined, to say
whether he had ever worked
for the CIA. "No one ever ads/
mils that," he said.
Sturgis was employed as a
salesman for the Pan American
Aluminum Corp. in Miami un- .
til this week when he was dis-
missed after a federal prose-
cutor visited the company to
ask for his payroll records.
U.S. Atty. 'Earl J. Sillvrt has
spent the past week in Miami,.
contacting members of the Cu-
ban exile community as poten-.
tial witnesses in the Watergate
trial scheduled to begin Jan. 8.
Sources said the company
.asked Sturgis to leave' after
Silbert made an inquiry there.
Sturgis would not comment
On another. published report
that a passport in the name of
"Edward Hamilton'," found in
his possession in the June ar-
rest, had been issued by the?
CIA to Hunt,
. Hunt was a CIA employe be-
fore becoming a White House
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la'
VIASI:ING TON STAR
Approved For Release 2001/0n4a-gIMDP80-01601
STATI NTL
By THOMAS B. ROSS
Chicago Sun-Times Service
A fake passport, produced
by the Central Intelligence
Agency for former White
House consultant E. Howard
Hunt Jr., was being carried by
one of the suspects at the time
of the Watergate break-in, in-
vestigators have dsiclosed.
The passport, madie out in
the name of "Edward Hamil-
ton" ? the same initials as
Hunt's ? reportedly was found
on Frank Sturgis when he was
arrested at Democratic Na-
tional Committee headquarters
iii June.
The .disclosure of the pass-
port yesterday -added a dimen-
sion to the case: The possibili-
ty that current CIA employes
were involved in political espi-
onage. The CIA has repeatedly
assured Congress that its fake
documents are kept under
tight control.
Hunt and several of the oth-
ers under indictment have ac-
knowledged they once worked
for .the CIA, but have asserted
they were no longer in its em-
-ploy at the time of the Water-
gate incident.
,Hunt's wife was killed in the
jUnited Air Lines crash in Chi-
cago on Friday. Her purse was
found to contain more than
?$10,000 in cash. Police report-
-cd that one of the bills bore
the written inscription: "Good
'Luck. PS" ? the same initials
.as Sturgis'.
StiniS has never been iden-
tified as a direct employe of
the CIA, but was known to
have had extensive agency
contacts in Miami. An ex-
-Marine, lie fought with Fidel
Castro in Cuba and was re-
warded with the gambling ca-
sino concession in Havana aft-
er Castro won.
But the two men had an ear-
ly falling out, and Sturgis went
over to the Cuban exile com-
munity in Miami. He was onee
arrested on a boat off British
Honduras in what he described
as an attempted "commando
raid" on Cuba.
A soldier of fortune, he is
believed to have used several
psuedonymns besides that of
Edward Hamilton. He was
born Frank Fiorini in Norfolk,
Va., but adopted the name, of
his stepfather.
Hunt was hired as a White
House consultant by Charles
W. Colson, special counsel to
President Nixon. He openly
declares in his Who's Who list-
ing that he has operatedunder
a number of psuedonymns ?
Robert Dietrich, John Baxter
and Gordon Davis.
Thefederalindictment
charges that Hunt was present
on the night of the Watergate
break-in, but left before the
police arrived mid apprehend-
ed the five persons inside the
Democratic headquarters, He
was linked to the case through
a $25,000 cash fund, a cam-
paign contribution to the Com-
Mittee for the Re-election of
the President.
Investigators said the fake
passport and the possible CIA:
role ? in the break-in would
probably be explored at the
trial scheduled to begin next
month.
The CIA is prohibited by law
from conducting any opera-
tions within the United States
and, of course, is proscribed
STATiNTL
from taking part in domestic
politics. It is known, however,
to have been involved with the
Cuban community and with
other anti-Communist exile
groups in U.S. cities.
VThe investigators said they
did not have a plausible theory
as to why Mrs. Hunt was
carrying so much cash.
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LOS 1,,FIGI:L7S
Approved. For Release 2001/0IJOE, CIA-RDP86-134601110
. s
BY KATE HOLLIDAY. 'AGENCIES SHUT ON WEEKENDS
. . _
One recent Sunday, I became . .....1'?
,
coyer the latest special delivery NO 0 n e's Mind iv the. Store
S
somewhat frantic trying. to dis- - ?
postal rate. A call to the main b
')?ost Office downtown brought a
man's voice on a lengthy record-
ing, Its implication was that no
sane employe would touch even
so much as a presidential invita-
tion after noon on Saturday, and
that it was particularly unseem-
ly of me to expect any assistance
on the Lord's Day,
IImmmin: Then I thought to
try the Federal Information Cen-
ter, listed among the most fre-
quently ?called' of the govern-
ment agencies in the phone
book. Another recording, this
one advising me sternly that the
office was open from 8 to 4 on
weekdays (the 'last two words
stressed). Foiled again.
?1 read through the entire list of
fedthal offices, seeking a .g
Mer, until I Met my match at the
end. The notice read, unable
to -find the desired office listed
above, call the Federal Informa-
?tion Center."
What's going on here? Who's
running ? the store? It's simple:
No one is?on weekends.
Kate Holliday is a Los Angeles ?
writer who has contributed to
such magazines as e ad e r' s
Digest, True and McCall's. She
has experienced plenty of emer-
gencies in, her time, particularly
while serving as. a war corres-
pondent in, Korea.
Anyone. who wants help from a move? Too mute to signal assis-
federal, state, county or city 'lance? Just wants fast informs-
bureau on Saturday or Sunday, tion on a poison, say?) For the
with few exceptions, is out of county, a woman responds on
luck. Despite our nation's mas- 620-2451 with a cheery, "We're
sive Civil Service contingent on here!" .
all levels, if you have a medical The county has made a big
emergency, a parole emergency, thing of its 2-I-hour-a-clay ''Good
a dead animal in your backyard, Neighbor" program of providing
or merely want information, for- emergency foster homes for chil-
get it. Most of the government is ?dren. Although there are two
off till Monday morning, listings for it in the phone book,
There are some exceptions-- neither answered at 3:45 on .a.
the FBI, most police and fire Sunday afternoon.
outfits, as well as the Secret Ser- I Speaking of children, when I
vice. But, oddly, no one answers called Griffith Park to aSk about
at the CIA or the state fire mar- 1 the procedure in reporting one
shal's office, lost, a ranger said two security
officers
The Federal Immigration and "but they're rarely were there, after 5:30,
In the office.
Naturalization Service has a line
that takes police calls only, and
the woman who answers tells
you that, no matter how dire
your trouble, "There's not a
thing you can do until Monday
morning." The Earthquake Di-
saster Service and the Veterans
Administration Clinic for Medi-
cal Information don't even deign
? to do that,
You're not much better off
with the state health people. The
Medical Information ii s?t i n g
doesn't answer, nor does the
Narcotic Outpatient Clinic. And,
when I called the emergency
.number of the Public Health Ad.
to man the phone." Dandy.
A woman in Long Beach near-
ly went. out of her mind a few
years ago when, during a holi-
day parade, a horse died andwas
dragged onto her lawn lest it dis-
rupt traffic. She was told, as I
was, that the animal pickup ser-
vice did not send anyone out af-
ter 2:30 p.n., horse or no horse.
They'd come the next day?
maybe.
If the military and protective
forces can routinely assign duty
? officers over the weekend, why.
can't the state, county, city and
federal agencies follow suit?
They might not only save a few
ministration. I got no reply at lives but keep hundreds of ordi-
all. So I. called it again, and a nary citizens like me from climb-
man, who came on the line in- lag the walls.
formed me he was the janitor. 'Nevertheless, there is a glim-
"Do you take em er gene y mer of light at the end 'of the
calls?" I asked. tunnel. Last August, Gov, flea.
"No," he said, kindly, "but I gan signed a bill that will estab-
can write a note and leave it lish 911 as a statewide number to
somewhere for you, so they'll get call in case of emergency any'
it tomorrow." day of the week?but not till
made further tests in a two- 1982. (The law stipulates that
hour session at my phone, let- pay phones must be converted'
ting ,each call ring at least seven for free access to police, firemen
times. On the health scene, only and ambulance services.)
the county emergency people This is a step in the right di-
are on the job--if you need them rection, but I'm not exactly a
on a weekend. (Yes, I know .spring chicken,. -and anything
There are receiving hospitals in might happen during the next 10
the area, hut what if someone years.
doesn't have a. car? Is. too ill to If it'does, oh Lord, please let it
happen to me on a Monday,
Tuesday, Wednesday or Thurs-
. day: Now that the four-day work-
?-week is coming up, I've even
grown scared of Friday.
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STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Available
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THE WILIMINGT , DEL. MORN ENG NEWS
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : 2CIA-RDP80li
-01bUlK
23 Nov 19'1 8TATI
.19111 SComodcize
cr .-1;urczra Chief
'Those i!tnf-;'t boen cosi
itaccItc, recalled. yo:!
twre !co. leadership cad
Co:ens of grucititg
i'nrtc ie:re 0.0 rules of fair
013 c! Font/. Evcry
1;:e boo!: ins
u-: 7,ott. YOU fit!..,.:(Cd
fcllo:o can-
e. Ls, OU501(.? :t?fon
toDY t5.3
cot,17,(.: vt..c
.! ot-Lt,..Ve to stidden/y
? ? s!ido a knife
roof.
?
that The Farm troidd be listed
i n .7?laryiand tourist guide-
BUT if it exists, its a C.I.21
uct?it piece o land nosilod
al?-.:?ttg the Cif..tihank River
15 miles southwest of
Easton.
ii s on a spit of had known
as 'Omni Point, A red brick
:mansion, a pier and a few cut-
buildings can be seen from the
air. :Nothing but a mailbox
ro ratite ea it and.a ??no'
teo..--pussin" sign can be seen.
from the road.
The land lies along a dirt
road vhich has tic name and
is not Included on oAk. iii
Maryland maps. It
,1`;:r:?1 is Iroat 'a spy thriller by .forks to the l'IP'nt off the read
11 ;-rd s. A crons leading to the Bellevue-Oxford
MaIeleinc." Ferry.
IS fine Sam From the air, one can sec
Spy in the Si:- small boat::: potted no along
Sc.ctioa? of the troe-lincd stize. There are
lsteltlenee At,;an- trees all aronail lIe icO; no-
thing but trees iii;.roinict the
? according to place: nothing but trees can
?,cn,!: series of. 1.i.a.Dks be seen from ground level.
iftolt:l1. is located some.- If Aarons is to bo believed
Si:ore of and if K Section ("an agency
Its a piace N1101e so Ecere.I. ea. th(..:
t. '7%IC .111I I I1men; doesnit itizow abttut .n.")
? Lolling, hits a hand in the ou-
? it,:perbTs areit ei to
'tt;.tt the re:1,-,27217/,'t?V;eleCitne,
ne. C it csapea c,
cod the village id
ts.? Johit (ticlitous) ii
? a dim:tied
,:c ( t-,:rtiy steel.
driven ever
,ten for ircol:.:ist
with a
ter's we:oh:cod riiiend
icc'hore, just the..
Aate:as ),?.-rites
Itt it, nisi) supposed
p.r.ee 0CIC over-
? ti ;.?.,,t?ritts
rats a "flint seianels like what
V ore looking for" with a
quick .
After a fev,, mofe minutes of
Lying out a routc, the news-
men are off.
t.li.C.tit the u t-
in a r e d load, one sees
Iormers tuLents itj ellsrtuise?)
\Vol-king in neidS, `.1 here ;"d'e
s?? ns evenys.v;10N hi the area
tnat say "NO :i?cming.
;_?=turt itars Ititi be pu,,,centeci"
ur'..o'g the lea-
powers a 1.-cp7.,:let: must
Pave, one figures oztt: that the
place with. no I'lLine ?1 100
mal?:tax. and 1..11 simple "no
tresp.t.s:::tu-7,," sign nt?,.'St be the
.t.ji.)vernment. lend.
The lane into he place also
htts that ;veil policed appear-
a Ile e oltaractetistic ? of
militnry-typt loud.
Nr...;:.-(10,....-nei-,;;hhor George
Le'c.-Is Jr. (met ac' 1...",,ent? one
101C11
tl?ie
h.,on over thr7re," Ice
says, rotlit.;! that ie laces the
"can: l.aker."
"They've pet some big dotis.
over there,'' his wife says
poirtleUty.
ItLIAEVING the saw
al)cut discretion the bet-
of va!or, 00 decides
it might lit: eater to Pet a look.
17113,,Sr things dust, however. front the ;tin
If one is Cr! 0O looking -You py,?ernincir;
for a sceret bitlev. ay, one the .1-;liot nsks.
a.:ist be careful how one huutm r fii_71011,itelc.:;),:ifessisi,: lhat stz,i..3cirs'-
ill e o lf.
nese
'I'm loc.:kiln', for a list of all et.; ;Tone ii the area assumes
, land in Tniliet Cenit- tie lace hi t CI'', rest
Iv," one begins by iutot 1015 a phone colt to the
the clerk in the :,..oiLtiy cart- tailir tarstver samci
lions.
"-,..1-11()," the re(
"We hove IA much,"
ansv.ers in t
INC says (p.?31 a draw-
er stuffed vi*,
voit.e Et ill I-J.1:n-
.,??? ?? ?Vi'?? y ber undt !h.'. Conical
Ittit it 1"..?.1:t5 1, r I .? r;,0
tnii(?tr! ??. ??
the ?Sfiriet :.,;(1V ern- ? u.itilft,nt .,slltagion, 1).0 ,I eolt,
"? d Fr an,`-'1'C, iS j it lh,J ,rs no Cl.:, every irrentions the
1 1,-; a,it name.
hi true
' \." navel 1:eolleu. set! 1:11?.?S
? iLt"
?".'"?': .1.:?ii;,?1, C0?0?:115'
?
.I?t ' .? 'IL ?'? 11",
hind t.; y "?011:1.1
( .??11 Om;
;Approved iFOr tea' se, 0011 ,3104 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
iii leo'mlV
feels that in the best
irter.-sts of national security, ?
s:liould refrain from men-
tioninJi- the non.0 also.
'Tin calling Obit some
land at Mcirinclyou, or, your
agt toy. 1 guess, 01 iii.''
At first they say they don't
know anything about the hind ,
hut promise to chach. A v, bile
I ater. a call from
?si:ola.:sman" comes hach-,
It turns out the CIA does '
own the hind. "It's for
rinin .t:einent sentinars it's
but On the
side. the "spokesman"
Says.
"JCS not a spooky place at
he says ressurin::tly.
"it's not usod for guerrilla
warfare."
'Rica how about a loch at the
place?
The CIA has a standing Po!t- ?
cy. of no tours thrett.tit any of
its establishments, the spokes-
man .sris ?
? STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/0X04aSK14-113i1F80-01601R00
2 1 NOV 1372
Bratwur.st at C.I.A. Cafeteria
Sample of New Capital Fare
Special to The New York Times
STATI NTL
WASHINGTON, Nov. 20?If
you could get security clear-
ance, you could treat yourself
to a German-style lunch of
bratwurst with sauerkraut, or
knackwurst with red kohl, at
a little out-of-the-way spot
called Die Wunder Deli Bar.
Security clearance to get
into a delicatessen? Absolutely,
when it's in the cafeteria of the
Central Intelligence Agency,
tucked away in the woods of
Langley, Va., just northwest of
Washington.
But ?say you're more the
meat-and-potatoes type. If you
had business to do at the
State Department, you might
drop into the cafeteria' there
to pick out a likely looking rib
eye steak, have it charbroiled
to order by an agile grillman
who wears a black 10-gallon
hat, and sit down to a hearty
meal, with french fries and
sliced tomatoes.
All this is possible these days
because of a move by the Gov-
ernment to make more inviting
the 145,000 lunches that it
serves every day to Federal
workers in the Washington area
?a task that compares to feed-
ing the entire population of
Paterson, N. J.
A Mixed Reaction
The remodeled State Depart-
ment cafeteria, with its orange-
paneled pillars and side walls
the color of underripe bananas
is the most recently completed.
Along with the grill, which also
serves up barbecued spareribs
and chicken platters, there is a
seafood line that includes scal-
lops and fish and a shrimp bas-
ket with french fries and cole-
slaw.
The reaction of customers
has been mixed.
"Well, it's brighter, and
they've pu.t in some new equip- employment.
ment," an executive secretary
in the foreign aid area said
over lunch one day. "But I was
satisfied the way it was be-.
f ore."
On the other hand, a young
foreign aid specialist who had
just emerged from the grill area
was happy about the whole
thing.
"I've been spending more
money on lunch because I'm
more attracted to the food," he
said. "I used to spend about
80 cents; now I average about
$1.30, $1.60 a day."
The improvement program
was begun about three years
ago, when the Government's
housekeeping agency, the Gen-
eral Services Administration,
discovered that the 35 cafe-
terias that are serviced under
one contract in Government
buildings hero were losing cus-
tomers and money.
A Side Benefit
The nonprofit corporation
that has run the cafeterias for
going on 50 years was told to
bring in some new management
talent and fresh ideas to im-
prove the food and surround-
ings.
"We're trying to get away
from the institutional stereo-
types ? the long lines, green-
gray walls, the dull appearance
of foods?and create as much
atmosphere as we can, like the
cook in the cowboy hat," ex-
plained Frank Capps, the G.S.A.
official in charge of Govern-
ment buildings.
The trick was to provide all
this and still keep the meals
reasonably priced by the stand-
ards of Government workers
who, according to cafeteria
managers, seem to think of
lunch as a side benefit of their
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Approved For Release
.0k1rFii5P80-01601R0VIIIR9h19e01-8
,- No flips on CIA
Animals have for some time been pres--
sed into service to aid the American war
effort. The US Navy has trained dolphins,
sea lions, and whales for underwater mili-
tary roles. Some reports have suggested
that skunks, seagulls, and bats have also
been used willy-nilly in defence of the
fatherland. The military monthly magazine
of the .Algerian 'armed forces, EI-Djeleh,
recently wool one boiler. It ela hits that i he
CIA luis recruited thes In which have twill
attached microscopic transmitters to. act
as spies.
These winged agents have; of course,
the advantage of being able to penetrate
innocently to the innermost circles of the
enemy's governmental and military estab-
lishments ? or at least to the kitchens and
dustbins. It is known that they have a.
touch of the kamikaze about them, which
even China's kill-a-fly-a-day drive (institu-
ted as part of the National Programme for
Agricultural Development in 1956) would
not be able to beat. Our gallant fly heroes
are able to fulfil their missions by con- -
tinuing to transmit from beyond the grave,
after being swatted. From this it may be
safely assumed that we shall soon be see-
ing President Nixon awarding the widows
of these selfless patriots transistorised
-Purple Hearts on the White House lawn.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
PRINTING MANAGEMENT STATINTL
Approved For Release020011903/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R0001
Security, job urgency
named top factors in
intelligence printing
13 Security of the work and urgency
of printed jobs are the two para-
mount peculiarities involved in the
production of printing for intelli-
gence, J. Arnold Shaw, printing
services division chief, Central In-
telligence Agency, told .Craftsmen
at their 53rd annual convention in
Cleveland.
The statutory responsibility call-
ing for the protection of intelligence
sources .and methods from unauth-
orized disclosure, Shaw related,
makes the various intelligence pro-
ducing offices captive clientele to
the CIA's printing facilities. "They
must come m us for all their work
and we must be able to handle what-
ever they give us and within the
time frame necessary for the mater-
ial," he stated.
An extensive security clearance
of several months duration is per-
formed on all employees, and even
though turnover is low compared
with other plants, continual process-
ing must be conducted in order to
fill vacancies.
Various work areas inside the
CIA printing plant are secured and
vaults are available for protection
of in-process material. "Simply hav-
ing a top security clearance does
not automatically grant access to all
material, the printing chief re-
marked. "Only those having an ob-
vious need to see material in-process
are permitted to do so.
"Strict rules are followed in ac-
counting for distribution of each
document and assuring that only
authorized courier channels are
used. Even waste from the plant
- must be disposed of in a secure
way."
The product of CIA is informa-
tion and in keeping up with the in-
creasing need for .currency in intel-
ligence production it is necessary to
maintain a modern and progressive
plant as well as an awareness of the
new technology in all forms of in-
formation-handling, Shaw said.
Production equipment costing in
excess of $21/2 million gives the
agency the ability to produce all
types of reports, charts, books, pro-
cess color photographs, and other
material of the . highest graphics
quality. Process cameras up to 48-
in. size, phototypesetting and line-
casting machines, two-color offset
presses, and a fully equipped bind-
ery are located in the main plant
which employs 135 people on a two
shift operation. An average of.
3,500 to 4,000 job requests are re-
ceived each month, from the CIA's
customers setting the delivery date.
Although the CIA has explored
the feasibility of having some of its
classified work printed outside the
plant, security considerations and
urgency of production create a sit-
uation which makes it almost im-
possible for a private printing firm
to do the jobs on a contract basis.
Shaw remarked that a recent pri-
vately prepared report showed that
the CIA is producing the work at
something less than one-half of
what a commercial .plant would be
expected to bid for the job.
For the future, Shaw visualizes
an integrated and automated text
processing system which will en-
able, without separate and special
keyboarding, getting text informa-
tion into machine language and into
computer storage. The system will
be able to recall text back on com-
puter printout or soft display, as
well as compose reports, perform
editorial and proofreading func-
tions, and produce fully formatted
typeset pages in a matter of minutes
or hours rather than days.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
WL2i:7:NC;70 POST
Approved For Release 2r0014013/047zCIA-RDPF(M.
77
\Lb,' VL.,./ [,2
By Ronald Kessler
Washington Post Staff Writer
.11
(.7f
We.);
_
vibrations bouncing off win- to a rernote listening- post,
dow panes, The sound waves perhaps miles away.
-. Experts skilled in the art from the -windows modulate A third possibility, he says,
of wiretapping and bugging
the light waves from the would be a radio transmit-
:say each has his own. pre-
'
laser, and the modulated Ong device hooked up to
ferred techniques for carry-
light waves are translated the electric current in a
ing out their appointed mis- back into sound. home or office. The device
sions, but that none of the A third device, once ina- would be implanted in an
:methods bears any resembl-
planted in a telaphone, can electrical fixture, such as a
mice 10 those used a week be activated from anywhere lamp, or could be manufac-
yesterday in the abor-
in the world by simply dial- tin-cc] aspart of a dummy
tive bugging ? attempt: at ing, the number of the tele- electric outlet wall plate, de-
-Democratic National Com- phone and placing a tone of tectable only by x-ray.
mittec headquarters, a specific frequency on the The device would operate
permanently on household
Although the methods .fa- lima ?
Each of these devices has current mid would
be
:vored by the professionals
,,s a
differ, the common thread drawbacks, not the le In v-treqnency wave long
ast of ?
p
6nning through all of them which is that the clarity of me ower lines to be picked
up a
is that they are calculated rans
to tmission . doesn't corn. by the eavesdropper t
any
provide reliable.. high-qua!- pare with that of more con-
point along the line. De-
itycause the radio signal would
voice transmission using Yentional bugs :planted in
the simplest and smallest side the premises where the be generally confined to the
power line, Bell says, it
ayailable ? devices to mini- conversations are taking
the risk of detection place, would be difficult to detect
its presence through maven-
you
you go into this, lional de-bugging methods.
you have to dolt right, and
Another wiretap expert is
that means breaking and en- Michael J. Morrissey, chief
tering," says Allan D. Bell engineer of B. R. Fox, Inc., a
Jr., a former high-level mill- liolmes, N. Y.,- de-bugging
tary intelligence wiretapper company formerly headed
worked with the CIA and
J?
debugger w o has
, by the late Bernard Spindcl,
who was considered by fed-
Federal Bureau of Investi-
A look at some of these
Methods?all illegal except
when carried out. by law en-
forcement officers armed
With court orders?provides
Sollie insight, into the cur-
rent. state of the art of wire-
tapping and bugging.
? - "This is a results-oriented
business," says one old-time
professional, "You don't get
paid for building exotic de-
'You get paid for con-
versations," he says.
a Considerable publicity has
been ?generated by bugging
devices hidden in martini ol-
'yes or highly sophisticated
bugs - that don't require
physical entry into the
premises to-be bugged.
a. One, said to -be developed
by thc Central Intelligence
,4igency, trips a switch in a
standard telephone to make
'the hastrument an open mi-
crophone, 'transmitting room
conversations and telephone
calls down the telephone
Wire to monitors miles
Away. The switch is tripped
by placing a radio frequency
wave on the telephone wire
at ally location outside 'the
home or office being
bugged.
Another device, still being
developed by government
gation on bugging matters.
Bell,- who heads Dektor
Counterintelligence & Seen-
rity inc., a. Springfield man-
ufacturer of de-bugging de-
says that if he were
? assigned to bug the Demo-
cratic headquarters, he
would probably choose from
one of three approaches.
If only a few days of listen-
:lag were needed, Bell says,
, he would conceal a fully
self-sufficient radio trans-
mitter the size of a sugar
cube under a conference
table or desk. The beauty of
such a device, he notes, is
that the one responsible for
installing it generally can-
not be apprehended unless
era! .authorities to be the
top wiretapper in the court.
try.
Morrissey says he would
plant a combined micro-
phone and amplifier the size
of a pinhead somewhere
along the telephone line or
inside the telephone in a
room to be bugged. The sig-
nal would be led off through
the spare wire that comes
With most telephone equip-
ment, he says. ?
Morrissey says he might
plant additional pinhead-size
microphones in other parts
of the room and connect
them to the amplifier with
invisible electrically conduc-
caught in the act. tiVe fluid painted on the
For more permanent in- walls or with gold wire thin;
stall ations, he says, he tier than a strand of human
would wire a telephone in hair. ?
the room to be bugged so Morrissey, who teaches a
that it becomes an open mi- course in wiretapping and-
crophone. The room conver- hugging for law enforce-
sations and telephone calls irient agencies, says it is ima
Inteihrenee aaencies tses a would be transmitted portant that radio transmit-
laser' heath 1443prOkIAPCEotiftelesse-(200140,3404tsrOIA9-1111)P81141601 R000100140001-8
in the telephone equipment
of being turned. off remotely.
by the listener so that the
signals cannot be detected
by de-bugging devices.
"When you hear the de-
bugging people conic in,
that's when you pull the
switch," Morrissey says.
Another bugging expert,
with years of experience
working for private parties
and government agencies,
says any premises to be
bugged mist be "cased " for
several weeks before a
break-in attempt is made..
Only one roan actually en-
ters the room to be wired
for sound and installs the
devices, he says, but acveral
men are planted outside the
office and outside the build-
ing to warn the installer by
pre-arranged signals if po-
lice, burglar alarm dispatch-
ers or security guards drive
up.
"The man outside acts
like he's drunk or makes up
some story or excuse. A
minute's delay is all the in-
staller needs to get away,"
he says.
The men involved never
take a room near the bug-
ging scene, the expert says.
Instead, two girls are hired
to move into a room nearby,
and they tape-record the
conversations beamed by
the radio bugs, he says.
"Girls are the perfect
decoy," he says. "No one
suspects them, and the
equipment is kept in a suit-
case that the police can't
search without a warrant.
This is the way the pros do
it," he says.
THE BOSTON HERALD TRAVELER
14 May 1972
10 000
oved F.or Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R0001
CCIIIS by Kevoiationaties
?
to Sn d
ones
red
By GORDON D. HALL
(Gordon D. Hall, now in his 26th year of extremist
watching, is a .regular contributor to the Sunday
.Herald Traveler)
Starting tomorrow, the spring offensive of the
'revolutionary Left, thus far a sputtering combina-
tion of aimless rhetoric and sporadic violence, will
turn to. anonymous telephone harassment of local
business firms, military installations, and agencies
of the federal government.
High on the list of targets are General Electric,
Raytheon Company, Polaroid Corporation, arid the
? Boston offices of the Central 'Intelligence Agency
and the Air Force.
; The new campaign is known as "Dial foi
!Peace," recently organized in secret by a coalii;
"tion of revolutionary and pacifist groups..
, Trial runs were niade at a few plants this past
.'week to test the "practicability" of flooding com-
pany switchboards with hostile calls, .but the major
effort will begin tomorrow.morning. ?
General Electric's Defense Program Division
in Lexington is the first big target.
, It is hoped that .1000 revolutionaries and their
sympathizers will make 10 calls each, the assump-
tion 'being that 10,000 calls are more than enough
to immobilize even the largest corporation. -
Callers are being asked either to say "Stop.
the war," before dialing again to repeat the
message, or to ask to speak to plant exec-
utives. Ultimately "bottling them up" in ex-
tended verbal harassment over the presi-
dent's escalation of the air war in Indochi? .
? On Tuesday, the missile systems divisions
Of the Raytheon Company's Bedford division
will be the target.
TO INSURE telephone saturation at the
Bedford plant, the "Dial for Peace" organi-
zers have plucked Its number from more than
a dozen Raytheon telephone listings, and have
circulated it in printed form throughout the
greater Boston area.
V Wednesday's offensive will be directed at
? the Boston office of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
No explanation has been offered for list-
ing the agency's Boston office number which
is buried midst hundreds of government list-
ings in the telephone directory.
A more accessible, though different CIA
number can be found among the C's in the,
same directory.
STATINTL
at the headquarters offices of the U.S. Air'
Force on Summer street, Boston.
The telephone campaign will end Friday',
following all 'day harassment of Polaroid's
main switchboard in Cambridge.
Because of possible legal ramifications,
no one group is claiming credit for the or-
ganization of "Dial for Peace."
THE MAJOR revolutionary and pacifist
groups in Boston and Cambridge readily ad-
mit their "familiarity" with the week-long
campaign, but are unwilling to say much
beyond believing the idea to be a good one."
At the Greater Boston Peace Action Co-
alition's (GBPAC) Cambridge headquarters
-last Friday ,spokesmen disclaimed origina-
tion of the idea to utilize telephone harass-
ment as? a feature of the continuing spring
offensive, but thought the. idea "effective."
GBPAC, a spearhead of this year's spring
offensive ?. aloril with the revolutionary
People's Coalition For Peace And Justice
(PCPJ), believes the latter group to be the
sponsor of the printed instructions outlining
the ? telephone campaign.
Those instructions were widely distribu-
uted throughout Boston and Cambridge on
Friday.
Printed on van-colored letter size hand-
bills, the instructions included by name and
number, all five daily targets.
Anonymous, the handbills specified that
"1,000 people" place 10 calls each, the
"10,000" total adding up to a kind of "do-it-
yourself" campaign certain "to stop busi.;
ness for a day."
THE HANDBILL'S final line read: "If
they won't stop the war, we'll stop them."
At PCPJ's Brookline street, Cambridge
headquarters, however, denials .were issued
.Friday that they had put the telephone in-
structions in circulation.
Like GBPAC, PCPJ spokesmen thought
the telephone campaign to. be worthwhile,
but believed it probably originated at the
Cambridge offices Of the Quaker American
.Friends Service Committee (AFSC).
The -Friends didn't seem to mind that
pcmi Was dropping a hot and possibly illegal
potato in their laps, but, a woman answer-
ing to the name of "Rachel" neither denied
nor confirmed that the printed instructions
had been run off at their Inman street head-
quarters offices.
She said she knew all about the telephone
Instructions and seemed to think that copies
were available in AFSC's " eace section,"
onApprqyalipiEgrcRptims%401/03/04 arGkA-RDR&0&04 R0001100140001-8
the weekend. .
pontinued
?
I le
?
LnFLZS
Approved For Releasei290a03#9A : CIA-RDP80-01601R0
STATINTL
CIA SPY KIT!
CHINA ATLAS,
PUT ON ,SALE
WASHINGTON (UPI)
??.For $5.25, any citizen
can have his own Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency
document.
: The Government
? Printing Office in 'Wash-
ington iS offering for
sale 30,000 copies of the
CIA's new 82-page,
mul-
'ticolored atlas of the
,-.People's Republic of
-China.
Officials at the GPO
said that excdpt for an
annual four-volume se-
'ries listing the broad-
casting stations' of the
? world, the atlas was the
only CIA document they
had produced for sale to
the public.
? In addition to maps of
-.modern China, the atlas,
:with ;the CIA's seal on
. the cover, also contains
historical maps, a num-
her of charts describing
the growth of the Chi-
.. nese economy and a nar-
lyative accompanying
the maps. and charts.
?
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Approved For Release 2001/03104: CIA-RDP80-01601R0001
CLEVFLAND, OHIO
PLAIN DEALER
MAY 1 2,1972
m ? 409,414
S 115,032
CIA Atlas on Chinci
'Looks Like 'Sellout'
The first Centra_141,01i-
? gencite7.--publication
evt-r-To be sold by the U.S.
I Government Printing Office
; "looks like it might be a
sellout," Robert Kling, su-
perintendent of documents,
told The Plain Dealer
yesterdajr. ?
. The Government Printing
Office already has received
more than 6,000 orders for
? "The. People's Republic of
China Atlas," an 82-page,
six-color book, 'designed ori-
ginally as briefing material
for President Nixon's trip to
Mainland China. It was put
? on public sale a-week ago.
- GPO ordered 30,878 copies
?
?
o f - the atlas printed, with
delivery slated for late
May.
.? Kling, phoned in Washing-
ton, said he now believes
advance orders could total
? 25,000, and, ? if. so, "We'll
have to go back to press
with it."
The atlas, priced at $5.25,
measures 101/4 by 17 inches,
? and contains foldout maps
as big as 101/4 x 34.
It employes a number of
unconventional graphic
techniques, in addition to
? standard regional and the-
matic maps, charts and
photographs, and "is de-
signed as an introduction
and general reference aid
for-those interested in the
People "s Republic of
China."
The atlas contains corn-;
parisons . of the United
States and mainland
(Communist) China to
make its statistics more
meaningful to the average -
American.
A CIA spokesman said the
agency had never before' of-
fered any such publication
to the American public.
But, he said, President
Nixon showed the atlas to
reporters ? and before live
TV cameras before his trip.
So the CIA decided to make
it public.
Orders for the atlas can
be sent to the Superintend- ,
ent of Documents, Govern-
ment P rinting Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402., ,
II
STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
VD/ YORK TIMES
Approved For Release 20071/00172CIA-RDP80-01601
A C.I.A. Atlas of China
Goes on Sale for $5.25
?
WASHINGTON, May 6 (UPI)
?For $5.25, any citizen Can
have his own Central Intelli-
gence Agency document.
' The . Government Printing
Office is offering for sale
30,000 copies of the C.I.A.'s
. new 82-page, multicolored at-
las of the People's Republic
iof China. -
Officials at the printing of-
fice said that except for an
annual four-volume series
listing the broadcasting sta-
tions of the world, the atlas
was the only C.I.A. document
they had produced for sale
to the public.
.- In addition to detailed maps:
of modern China, the atlas,
which has the C.I.A.'s seal ?
on the cover, also contains
historical maps, a number of.
charts depicting the growth
of the Chinese economy, and ''
a narrative accompanying. the
'maps .and charts. ?i i
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Approved For ReleasfiEWMO4F00-89E8?5p1 Hi
MAY 1972
ADVANCE ORDER FORM ?
ATLAS
STATINTL
Issued by the Central Intelligence Agency, this colorful publication goes beyond the scope of a
conventional atlas. It represents a wider variety of information, including geographic, economic, historical,
and cultural data. In the interest of simplicity and clarity, it employs a number of unconventional graphic
techniques in addition to standard regional and thematic maps, charts, and photographs. This publication
is designed as an introduction and general reference aid for those interested in the People's Republic of
China. To make so much information about such a complex and little-known country as meaningful as
possible, a great deal of it is placed in a familiar context?that is, by drawing comparisons between China
and the United States. 1971. 82 p.
$5.25
Place your order now for copies to be mailed about the latter part of May 1972.
'1416.0
?
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Approved For Release 2001/03/04,saltAADM-0165nn5a1titi 40001-8
10 APRIL 1972 STATINTL
PARE'S SPECIAL
cii
3.1
BECAUSE OF VOLUME OF MAIL RECEIVED, PARADE REGRETS IT CANNOT ANSWER QUERIES ABOUT THIS COLUMN.
HOW NIXON
KEEPS IMMO
The Presi-
dent gets
his news in
a daily,
breezy,highly concentrated
digest. Any inference that the.
President is poorly informed,
. however, would be unfair.
He spends hours every day
poring over government intelli-
gence reports. Each morning,
for instance, he receives a
ound book with the legend on
the cover: "Intelligence Check-
list for the President. Top
Secret." It is the CIA's mor-
ning summation. of the world's
events, with punchy headlines
on the left-hand page and cap-
sulized information on the
right. There is also a section
of commentary. Dissents by top
officials from the conclusions
of CIA's majority appear as
footnotes,
A similar book, called the
"Daily Digest," contains often
parallel information from the
Pentagon's Defense Intelligence
Agency. Still another, in a
grim black cover, is produced
by another arm of the Pentagon,
the National Security Agency.
It is a distillation of elec-
tronic communications gathered
by agents around the world
and by satellites and other
long-range listening devices.
NSA employs thousands
of technicians in its
sprawling headquarters at Fort
Meade, Md.--halfway between
Washington and Baltimore--to
crack the codes of foreign
powers and translate their mon-
itored voice communications
into intotimpaveckhmanNbase
The State Department's
Bureau of Intelligence and Re-
search, which also produces
daily intelligence summaries,
adds its assetsments.
All vie for the President's
attention and approval. It
isn't simply a matter of keep-
ing him informed. All the
agencies involved are painfully
aware that the document de-
livered to the President is a
sales brochure as well as a
news briefing.
Our foreign intelligence, in
total, costs the U.S. more
than $1 million a day. To keep
the money coming, the intelli-
gence reports are unconscion-
ably lavish.
At the White House; the
State Department's information
usually gets short shrift.
The Defense Intelligence
Agency's report is carefully
-studied, particularly for in-
formation on Indochina. The
aural voyeurism of NSA occa-
sionally produces startling
developments. But the most
literate, most titillating,
more carefully read reports
come from the CIA. In times of
crisis; all these agencies keel
the White House in constant
touch.with e'very twitch their
agents spot. Even when the
World seems calm, there is a
steady flow. And wherever the
President goes to sleep--in
Washington, San Clemente, Key
Biscayne or Camp David--another
report from the CIA is waiting
to be read before the lights
go off.
2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Approved For Release 2001 /0t 3JDP80-016
S... ? ? ? ???? . ? ? . e
(
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T.-
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Text by Morton Kondraeke
- $
Photography by Dennis Brack & Fred Ward
a. -
-
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100148014d,
Approved For Release 206144bR4 :TNAS:RDPW31-610T
28 FEB 1972
U.S. Force on Taiwan
Is Said to Number 8,000
? By RICHARD HALLORAN
' Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Feb. 27 ?
American forces on Taiwan, re-
ported to number 8,000 to
9,000, are there to help defend
the Chinese Nationalist refuge
and they also support Ameri-
can troops in Vietnam?
i About half the men are sta-
lioned at the Ching Chuan
Kang air base in the center of
the island near the provincial
capital of Taichung, where
there are sizable repair facili-
ties. Transports often stop there
on the way to Vietnam from
Okinawa.
American defense responsi-
bilities under a 1954 treaty are
exercised by the Taiwan De-
fense Command, headed by
Vice Adm. Walter Baumberger.
The command has only a few
hundred men but could be en-
larged if hostilities broke out.
Air Force Headquarters
The 13th Air Force has a
:forward headquarters on Tai-
nists came to power on the
wan that is a detachn-tent from mainland in 19-19, President
IRS Main headquarters at Clark Truman said that the United
iAir Force Base in the Pihilip-
States would not become in-
pines. It too has a small num-
volved in any conflict over the
ber of men and only a few island, to which Generalissimo
Phantom jet fighters. . Chiang Kai-shek and his fol-
d fled.ha
There have been reports that lowers?
the United States has deployed But when the Chinese Corn-
nuclear weapons on Taiwan munists entered the Korean war
toward the end of 1950, Mr.
Truman affirmed American sup-
port for the nationalists and be-
gan military asSistance to Tai-
wan. President Eisenhower in-
creased military aid.
The 1954 mutual defense
trusty defined Nationalist Chi-
nese territory as Taiwan and
the 'Pescadore Islands in the
Foohow PWi .
.44213.4sE
j/TH
t1wo C:/.(44A1
AIR 81,SE
CHINA
TAWAN
4//2,5/ts,.. ? ,
The New York Times/Feb. 23, 1972
operation. That presumably will
continue to be true as the
United States withdraws from
Vietnam but the bases may
have some use in logistic sup-
port .of South Vietnamese
forces.
History of Defense
When the Chinese Commu-
but they have been denied by
authoritative sources here and
In Asia.
The American military ad-
visory group on Taiwan num-
bers abut 300 men. They help
train the Nationalist forces and
supervise their supply of Amer-
ican military equipment and
weapons.
A contingent of about 1,000 Formosa Strait. American ter-
ritory to be defended in any
attack was defined as "the is-
land territories in the West Pa-
cific under its jurisdiction."
In 1955, the Senate adopted
the Formosa Resolution, which
was intended to gi v-e. the Presi-
dent a free hand in committing
Government agencies also have American forces to the defense
extensive radio facilities to
? ? transmit to mainland China and
to monitor broadcasts.
As President Nbcon has re-
mien maintains equipment, runs
post exchanges and performs
:administrative functions. ?
The Central Intelligence
Agency and Air America, a pri-
vate airline whose only custom-
er is the C.I.A., have installa-
tions on Taiwan. United States
of Taiwan. An effort in the
Senate last year to repeal the
resolution failed.
The Seventh Fleet, which had
. duced the number of American gradually reduced its forces in
troops in Vietnam, American the Formosa Strait, ceased pa-
bases on Taiwan have become trolling that area about two
less 'necessary to support that years ago.
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Tfl'GTON POST
Approved For Release 2OO1Va/d472:CIA-RDP80-01601R00
STATINTL
one
tween ancient? .
. , WestkIneton Post PoraliT Service
and conteth- Aboard the: aircraft, for
. 7
HONOLULU, Feb. ? 18 ?
.porary China. - instance, is Theodore H.
Most press airplanes accom- A select number of report- White, who was a? corre-
panying the President on his, ers are also armed with a spondent for Time Maga-
trips look like holiday excur-
new atlas of China prepared zine in China during World
. sions, with newsmen drink- by the Central Intelligence1 War II and afterward wrote
Ing, playing cards or joking ! Agency. A pool of newsmen the bestselling "T h u n d e r with the stewardesses. But '
aboard the President's air- Out of China." Henry Hart-
the reporters currently going plane, the Spirit of '76, asked zenbusch of the Associated
with Mr. Nixon to Peking 3,1r. Nixon if he thought the Press was born in Shanghai
strangely resemble a class- Chinese would tolerate such and lived there for years,
room of China students material in their country. and the Wall Street Jour-
cramming for their final
. . The President, who appar- nal's Robert L. K e a tie y
,exams. ently had not seen the atlas spent a month in China in
,. Instead of trading old anec- before, examined it, then May.
dotes about previous presi- laughed loudly and quipped: The language capability
idential 'voyages, as reporters "This will . probably show of the reporters is virtually
u i
usually do on such journeys, how much we don't know zero, however. To improve ,
the journalists on this flight ab out China." . this gap somewhat, news-
are talking about such eso- The main collection or re. men have been issued man-
terie subjects as Mao Tse-
search matter provided re- uals featurihg such phrases ?
Tung's relations with Chou
porters by the administra- as "Wo Yau Yi Tau Mao
En-Lal, Sino-Japanese trade tion is a handsome, loose- Jrfu," or "I would like a
and the composition of the
leaf volume containing in- Mao suit." .
Chekiang Province Commu- formation about China rang- The manual also advise.l
nist Party; committee, whose
ing frbrn its literacy rate reporters how to order
leaders. the President will and Gross National Product bacon and eggs in Mandarin
meet when he visits the re- to the li.ne-up of its leaders. Chinese. But it does not
sort city of Hangchow.
. The roster of leaders has contain the phrase "Long,
' The newsmen on this trip
. .. _ _ews been carefully brought up Live President Nixon."
are also voraciously reading to date, since it does not
? books and articles on China. include Defense Minister
The most popular book on Lin Piao and 10 other full
the aircraft, a Pan American and alternate members of
Boeing-'707 converted to con- the ' ruling politburo who
tam n only first-class seats, is have been purged. This also
"the U n it e d States and suggests that the administra?
China" by Prof. John Fair- tion o f if i c i a 11 y considers ;
bank, head of Harvard's East them to have been elimi-
Asia Research Center and nated?though the subject
dean of American China of domestic Chinese politics
Feholirs. is rarely mentioned by
- Another reading matter White House spokesmen. t
-being absorbed include the The research. material
recent articles in the Atlan- provided by the administra-.
tic Monthly by Rose Terrill,
tion also offers some po-
also a Harvard China sfhol, laical details. Among other
ar, who spent 40 days tray-
, things, it says that high-heel
eling around China la'. shoes "are extremely dan-
summer. . gerous" at the Great Wall,
In addition ,to these obvi- which the President and
ous works, more e x o t i c Mrs. Nixon will visit.
books are being studied by 14Iost of the newsmen en
. a few ambitious newsmen, route to Peking candidly
John Chancellor of the Na- _concede to their ignorance
tional Broadcasting Com- about China. But a handful
pany, for example, is buried on the press airplane can
in the "I Ching," the classic
claim to varying degrees of
Chinese book of changes,
expertise or at least famili-
searching. ?, for parallels uv" aritv witll China '
Approved For Release zoolio3/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001.-8
Approved For Relealehiiiiiiik/EbrieFIDP80-
1 8 FEB 1972
STATI NTL
riefly Peking ? . .
? The President brought along an atlas of Chi-
na prepared by the CIA. On the plane he won-
dered whether he would be allowed into a
communist country with a book bearing the
CIA: legend:
Approved For Release 2001103/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
RUMA EVENTS.
Approved For Release 2001/63?04E.BdU?RDP80-0
Drugs Used as Well STATINTL
Will American-Made Computors liolp Soviets
Put Down Dissont?
-3
By PAUL SCOTT
The proposed sale of large, modern about the new method of destroying
of Scheuer, KGB officials
American computers to the Soviet dissent in Russia. In their opening para- lot more interested in what nformation,
appeared a
- Union has raised an explosive moral graph, the Bishops Warned: . i
issue in addition to a security one for the "Terrible news has reached us .from' if any, Lerner might have passedl on
about what Soviet computers are being
Nixon Administration. ? Russia. Religious people, and those, used for than anything else. .
The moral question, now being sharply citizens vindicating their right to think
The incident and the raising of the
.debated at the highest levels of the gov- otherwise than in terms of party direc-
moral issue have given Defense De-
ernment, involves whether the U.S. tions, have been whisked away to so-
should provide the Kremlin computers called 'Special Psychiatric Hospitals.' partment officials, who have been op-
that can be used to tighten government Subjected to drugs, they are numbed posing the sale of American compu-
control over the lives of Soviet citizens and can no longer defend their faith." ters to the Soviets on security.
grounds, new hope that the State and
and to help suppress the growing polit- The Declaration of Frankfurt never'
. ical dissent in that country. caused much of a stir in U.S. official Commerce departments might w ith draw their support for sales to the
-
In an article being carefully studied circles until recently when a Soviet
Russians.
, at the White House, the distinguished defector revealed that the Russians were
/ pyne.rt on Soviet affairs, Victor ?Zorza, using Western-made computers to
'1 described the growth of the massive corn- gather information on all dissenters to Russia, the Defense Department
Instead of supporting computer sales
. puterized information system in Russia as part of their new drive to destroy
officials argue that the State Department
and the way Soviet planners intend to use all internal political dissent.
it as.a weapon of thought control. Zorza should be going all-out to support
Soviet computer specialist Alexander
an international move to condemn the
Lerner, dinner tiost recently to Rep. Russians' perversion of computers and
wrote:
? "...The main purpose of such system James H. Scheuer (D.-N.Y.), who was psychiatry into tools of political repres-
, would be to prevent any disloyal ideas' expelled for the meeting, continued sion.
from even taking shape in the heads the use of computers by the government
? The Canadian Psychiatric Association,
of Soviet citizens.... The full records
there to smash dissent.
' on the initiative of Dr. Norman B. Hirt,
of Vancouver, has called on all medicai
of his psychological characteristics and Rather than be a party to the Krem- lin's effort to control the minds of Rus- and psychiatric societies---including the
actions could be used to devise an ap-
. : .that his best interests require him to World Health Organization .of, the
proach that would quickly persuade him sian citizens, Lerner risked being sent United Nations?to denounce the So-
conform to the political guidance of his
spiritual adviser at the KGB [the Soviet ing an open letter to a mental institution himself by sign- with eight colleagues viet's new form of tyranny.
sup-
secret policed" appealing for support to leave the coun - The move has been getting good - port from most Western governments
try.
The Zorza report, along with other
Lerner in his talk with Americans fur- except the United States. Dr. Henry
i information gathered by the Central
nished details of the 'Special Psychiatric Kissinger, the President's chief foreign
Intelligence Agency, clearly shows
Hospitals,' collaborating with the KGB policy-maker, reportedly has blocked
how the power of a computerized in-
and their use of computers, in Moscow, support on the grounds "such action
formation system, coupled with mood
Leningrad, Kaluga, Minsk and other might jeopardize relations with the So-
creating or altering biochemical dis-
cities. viet Union." The President must now
. coveries, provide a new tool for .sup-
pressing dissent in Russia. ? decide whether this . policy will be ap-
With the Russians seeking to pun- plied to computer sales.
chase upw?rd of 15,000 computers in
One of the CIA's documents is a 200- the U.S. and Western Europe over the
page account of Soviet perversion of next five years, Soviet defectors have
psychiatry and computers into weapons warned that many of these will be put
of political repression. The account to work controlling and suppressing 'dis-.
was smuggled out of Russia by friends sent within. the Soviet Union.
of some of the KGB victims. The American-made computers, they
It stresses how the new technology, report, also are being sought for use
symbolized by computer power, is be- in the Soviet's space and weapons pro-
coming the operative arm of the Soviet grams which could greatly endanger
government's program of locking polit- this country's security and lead in several
ical dissenters in mental institutions.. strategic fields. ? .
A conclave of the Bishops of the Rus- The importance that the Soviets give
sian Orthodox Church.outside of Russia,?
to computers and their operations is m-
in Frankfurt, Germany, issued a little- dicated by the swift reaction of the KGB
noticed but moving "Declaration to to Lerner's meeting with Rep. Scheuer.
ChristianAfilDICOVedfrertdReWaStr 20G1/031:0411 CAI4OP803046014 R000100140001-8
? Scheuer on the spot: In their questioning
tt.
STATINTL
fl1el
mrpoN DAILY ""7"*.,_ ""_114"-,."E
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rU L L"'62.[--K l''...(-)
r I
As British influence in Africa declined, so did British secret se
, sending hundreds of agents to African capitals like Accra, La
to buttress "sensitive" states against communism and protect
E. H. Cookridge continues his exclusive series on the CIA
HE adventurous operations
often bordering on the bizarre
which the Central Intelligence
Agency pursued in many parts
of the world are usually /
ascribed to one man: Allen Dulles. J
They culminated in the abortive in-
vasion of Cuba in 1961. When Dulles
departed from the directorship of CIA
after the Bay of Pigs debacle, he
certainly left an indelible stamp of his
influence as the architect of the mighty
CIA edifice and its worldwide rami-
fications.
The policy of his successors has,
however, been no less forceful. CIA
activities under its present director,
. Richard MeGarrali Helms, may
appear less aggressive because they are
being conducted with greater caution
and less publicity, and because they
have- been adroitly adjusted to the
changing climate in international poli-
tics. In the past CIA gained notoriety
by promoting revolutions in Latin
American banana republics, and sup-
porting anti-communist regimes in
South-East Asia. Its operations in
Africa were more skilfully camou-
flaged. For many years they had been
on a limited scale because the CIA had
relied on the British secret service to
provide intelligence from an area
where the British had unsurpassed ex-
perience and long-established sources
of information. But with the emergence
of the many African independent
countries, the wave of "anti-colonial-
ist" emotions, and the growing in-
filtration of Africa by Soviet and
Chinese "advisers", British influence
declined. Washington forcefully
stepped, through CIA, into the breach,
with the avowed aim of containing
communist expansion.
Financial investments in new in-
dustrial and mining enterprises, and
lsvish economic aid to the emerging
governments of the "underdeveloped"
countries, paved the road for the influx
of hundreds of CIA agents. Some com-
bined their intelligence, assignments
with genuine jobs as technical, agri-
cultural and scientific advisers.
The British Government - parti-
cularly after the Labour Party had
come to power in 1964 - withdrew
most of their SIS and MI5 officials
from African capitals, though some
remained, at 19V3Yber
rulers, to organise their own new m-
nn nne would have suspected of hay-
(1 and security services. CIA attractive, motherly woman, whom ing hydro-electric power for the
fr7,) Ct-1;
?
. ?
" f
41T 4
,
f
?=11111M11.
I(-''7''.77
. ? A
- ? -
,.4 . ?
'4'57(4 -?r
?
A bloodless coup in Uganda in January last
and installed Major-General Idi Amin as mill
a section of his troops). How far was the C
protest in Santa Domingo. A pro-rebel poster attacks American intervennon
. ,
0 -
(PELEEN.
Tr.
men began hurriedly to establish their 'ng served for many years as a skilful
"stations" in Accra, Lagos, Nairobi FBI agent before joining CIA and
Kampala, Dar-es-Salaam, Lusaka, the being employed at Addis Ababa,
"sensitive areas" in danger of slipping Nairobi. and Dar-es-Salaam, acquir-
under communist sway. ing fluency in Swahili. By 1965 the
By the mid-1960s several senior CIA Accra CIA Station had two-score
officials, such as Thomas J. Gunning active operators, distributing largesse
and Edward Foy, both former U.S. among President Nkrumah's secret
Army Intelligence officers, were firmly
adversaries.
established at Accra. They were later
The Americans had every intention
joined by William B. Edmondson, who of helping Ghana's economy by build-
e2Opt&F$/pispsig-RIAPS041(60411YOgiteirtr4101--8
nca, an te a avis, sortium, the Volta am, hu o -
? STATINTL
?%1-.7 .4
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601
RAIXIGH, N.C.
NEWS & OBSERVER
M ? 130,652
S ? 148,247
!DEC 6 1871-
DURHAM ? It's faster than
pencil, more
a platoon of
able to hurdle
of data in a
a speeding
powerful than
file clerks, and
vast quantities
single leap.
But it's not a bird, a plane
or Superman. It's a computer
program developed by the Na-
final Laboratory for Iligher
Education ? (NLHE) in
Durham, formerly t h e
Regional 1 Education
Laboratory for the Carolinas
and Virginia, an independent,
nonprofit organization.
established in 1966.
'Like Supertnan, the NLHE
Information System is tackl-
ing a lot of problems. it's
helping conservation t officials
chart pollution in the Great
Lakes, guilding lonely hearts
in New York City to their
Soulmates, aiding the CBS
Election News Unit prepare
voter profiles, and helping the
CIA do whatever it is the
CIA does.'
?
Actually, the system was
designed to meet needs much
more mundane. About 250 col-
leges and universities have
small-scale computers, but
have been unable to make
maximum use of them
because there' was no system
that could easily classify and
retrieve information in .4 form
useful to administre . s.
So NLHE, together with two
colleges, dove com-
puter program to meet this
need -- a progi am that od-
ministrators can use \a:thout
having a computer specialist
write a special set of in-
structions for the computer.
/en
C:15
e
In March, the - two in of watee depth; temperature; ?
etitutions that helped NLHE localica of fish, their age and:
develop the system ? Furman spe(rirs; end the -level- of
University, Greenville, S. C., poi..->oas present. r
and Clarke College, Dubuque,
Iowa -- declared it. ready. for Ieebreaker, In., ieNew
an extensive trial. York City is a computer
? dating firm. It uses the
Furman used the system to system to match ellents and
generate more than 25 dif- to give Cupid a technological.
ferent reports :for. its add' shove. Age, hobbies, educe-
missions office, and saved an tion, ? location, and personal
estimated 800 man-hours of preferences are fed into the
programing Unie iitF r? corPeuter, n ahd the
cess. Clarke, used the system helps mat,h star-cressed er
kl.
to handle class registration ata-ertined love:
.1
and other student records, CBS Election Nevis Veit
produoing,-, more than 100 pe using the systnertieBnalyze
reports and saving --an past election trends, erenpare
estimated 400 hours of Pro- them with present opinioff
graining time., ? ' polls, and spot likely 7inner3
The lab Oratory Then 'Offered in the 1972 erection.
the system to the. 2S0 colleges.
with small-scale computers.
The system consists of two
.manuals and a deck of com-
puter cards,- and was made
available for $25, the cost of
, producing and mailing the
materials:
Diverse Users .j
--
Within eight months, More
than 160 of the 250 potential
COne.::1 users had acquii.ed
system. More surprisingly,
about 137 reheols, other non-
profit' org,anLetions, gaverne
ment agencies, and com-
mercial . firms have aenuiteLli
the system.
Peter Haack of the' Great
Lakes Fisheries 'Laboratory,
U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife, ? Ann Arbor,
Mich., is using the -.system,
to keep track .of DDT,
iseieldrin, mercury, _ and other
poisons in the Great Lakes.
The system helps Haack.
a'cp abreast of the effects
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CIII.
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1, DE G 1971 . .
H AVING lived in New York for several deCades one summer,
I feel qualified to give sage advice of new residents of ?Bugh-
dad, I mean, Baghdad on the Hudson: I reter,e of course, to the
Rd Chinese U.N. delegates.One of the first things they'll have
to learn is .that N Yorkrs often refer to the city by 'other
names: Manhattan, Gotham, the aforesaid Baghdad. on the
Iludson use those other names is because if they really called
New York what they wanted to, I couldn't print it. ?
The Chinese may misunderstand certain things, such as gar-
bage collection and street cleaning. As a contribution to antipol-
lution efforst, the city fathers are trying to clump as little
Ouse as possible in city dunvs or out at sea. The best way. to
accomplish this is to not pick up garbage and trash in the
streets. Then there's no need to .dump it at se, See? At som
!point - the Chinese' may think their phones ere tapped, simply
bcauso when dialing their quarters from the U.N.
they may oceasiorially get the New York ciao of the CIA.
.Other antes they may -get Sos Pizza Shop.: I advise the.
.Chinese not to. worry about this. It simply means that N.Y.C.'s.
telephone fifth are a bit confused. (If :VD any comfort to them,
.even the CIA often gets Joe's Pr a Shop.)
Folks laugh at the Reds for buying everything with $100 bills
.and Waiting politely for change. Well, they won't be silly for
-
-very long, because with inflation the way it Is and' with the
prices in New York anyway, pretty 'soon $100 will BE change.
(Yeah, I know, that's an old joke: But the Chine-se don't know
. that ? they just got here, rernember&)C)h, and a word about
?strikes. Whenever there is a strike of some labor force in New
York, the Red Chinese should ? beling Communists and natur--
ally sympathetic to workers simply not go to work. That
way, I figure they can miss about.219 days per year. -
.--rinally, here. is sore- advice about getting' along with the.
_natives: To make friends with a New York cab driver, the
? Chinese Shonld give him belpftit.hints on the routes and warn -
him of various .traffic regulations. Bus drivers are delighted tc
help''yoti. on rd- off the bUscis, hut you must ask them: In
restattl'ants, never tip. 'This is an insult to the. working-claSSes:
"..:New York policemen love to he ealle-V'copper-s" and a swell-
Way to make a hit withone ust now. is to sayirliley, how come
yOuweren't on TV with theothers?" (This is in reference to a
.question-and-answbr show New Yorpolice bad recently.) By -
.following: these suggestions, the Reds should really: find New
..York to be -Fun City!
?? . ,
?
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? 1.3ALT.IMORE NEWS Ana-CC:AU
Approved For Release 2001/93& .1W-RDP80-01
?:to STATINTL
DR. MINSHY has convincingly forecast to the State-Defense
,think-tanks that within eight years we will have a machine with
file general intelligence of a human being?able to read Shakes-
peare, grease an automobile; think for .itself. It could travel about
the moon for months and Without a single beep of directions from
the earth?fundamentally' different from the Soviet moon-exploring
Lunokhod 1, which was earth-controlled.
It could gather- rocks, drill cores, originate ?surveys, think of
photographs. and even decided to lay planks over crevices it had
made up- its mind to cross. At the Stanford Reseaich Institute a
prototype is already performing with the general intelligence abili-
OEN EV AT ILO liq
?
-? wf
"21j1.6-1 Clilti.13.
re 0111111311iltg
- ...
? - - ? ? ?_- lies of a four-year-old child.
..
?
- - ? - Subject to NATO ahd U. S. Government approval, Interna- l? With this breakthrough, and with the modifications that are
tional Business Machines has received a Soviet order for a super ahead, the machine will begin to educate itself at fantastic speeds.
-giant Computer?the largest Russia would have.' . . It can head straight for' the genius level .and, literally, its powers
-? . Only nine American mini computers are in place there today. seem incalculable. , . .
This one is IBM's incredible 360-195, capable of handing 16 . Several State-Defense think-tankers regard as optimistic' a
million programmed instructions per segond? timetable of less than 15 years from now. But they agree that
-yes, per second. - . -- _ . -? '- ' ?-- the breakthrough is here, that man-made self-educating "men"
The related think-tanks in our State, De- who actually think for themselves are indisputably in our ? future,
,i,? partment and Defense Departraent ha-ve come and that the mentality of the best of these will in certain respects
up with a joint Conviction regarding computers. far, far. surpass_ ours. _ .
Both departments and dealing with merely dif-
ferent asPects of essentially, the same prob-
lem: America's' standing in the world. And their
joint conviction is that computer power is now:
an index of national strength comparable to
steel production before World War n.
. .
. THE 'COMMON MAIlIcET NATIONS have only. about one-fifth
. the computers of the United States. With Great Britain in the Com-
mon .Market the nations would have one-third. On a relative basis,
. Russia is truly now a have-not nation. The U.S.S.R.. lags far behind
Japan, West Germany, Britain and France, and simply fails to hold
a candle to the United States. ? . . . .- ?
Actually, however, the State-Defense think-tanks find that the
? computer-age advancement-areas are mostly ahead of us. ' -
, A super giant computer such as 11-3M may sell .Russia makes.
an error about every 30 minutes. But this is equivalent to one hu-
' ? man errorevery 13 years, so much work does it do before making
? a mistake. Today's advanced computers can do in a few hours all
the arithmetic estimated ever te;_have been done by hand by every-
-one in all recorded history. . : . ?
? OUR NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY has the world's most
elaborate computer system. Boeing!, in turn, has $100 million worth
of computers. Without these, the 741's wing 'alone would have: taken
-.company engineers 20 years of computations.
? .
. ? ?
The newest nuclear reactor designs will require about 100 NI-
lion?yes, billion?computations. Computers will soon .provide the
answers in a matter of days.
Our Central Intelligence Agency no?,v has a donverter that turns,
Russian into English at the rate of 30,000 words an hour. And so
nt goes. , '
YOU CAN GET any kind of logical result. But everything -a
computer can do must be done within the logical sequence you
. .
? halie set up for it. Whatever you program into it is the limit of
its thinking. You can compose a sonnet in a computer. You can
Study the effect of Milton's style on Shelley. You can write music.
But it is completely derivative. ?
However, in a vast, basic leap forward, that hitherto inviolate
limitation is being 'penetrated. ? . ' ? -.. ? .- .
Facing disaster on the M0011 and down to 500 feet, Neil A.
Armstrong -took 15 art of the control away from the computerized
automatic control system. With his right hand he manipulated the .
altitude of his vehicle, Eagle, holding it while he could peer out
of the window into the 'fateful bolder-strewn crater below, the size_ ?
of a football -field. With his left hand he began to carry Eagle down,
? with a gentle bump 1,210 feet beyond the crater. Two Americans, '
? blessings be, had landed on the moon. But now enter Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology professor Marvin Minsky in charge
- of its Project MAC.
,???
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BALTimoRE nus AHERNEE
Approved FOr Release 20013/1:13V4Y: a-RDP80-01601R00
.17.E NMI!dT 'JP AV PAN,
1-1)?1ft
1.51
- Behind the scenes-Presid(mt Nixon's confidence
in Central Intelligence Agency Director Richard
: M. Helms basetaken a new leap _forward. Mr. Nix-
on believes (correctly) that our nation's in-
telligence setup is a sick elephant. He has quietly
assigned Mr. Helms to correct it,.
. A Sick .eleplusat is a formidable danger. And
:secrecy keeps our public from knowing even the
size of this elephant, to say nothing of bow sick
itis.
-
. inceedibly, we spend close to $3 billion a year,
for intelligence. Just the CIA alone is larger in
scope than the State Department and spends more
than twice as much money. Legendary Gen.
William J. ("Wild. Bill") Dono?,?an's Office of
Strategic Services conducted oitr entire World
War II espionage throughout four years ancl
throughout the. world for a total $135 million. The
budget of the CIA (secret) is at least $1.5 billion
.a year.. . . ? a --- .. ...
? .
NEXT TO TDB PENTAGON with its 25 miles
cf corridors, the world's largest office building,
6?,-- the CIA's headquarters in suburban Langley, Va.,
is the largest building in the Washington area. The
CIA has jurisdiction only abroad, not in the 'United
/States. But the CIA maintains secret offices in
most major U.S. cities, totally unknown to the
. public. .
_ . ? .
. . . . . .
. About 10,000 people . work at Langley and
another 5,010 are scattered across the world, bur-
rowing everywhere for intelligence. These include
many, many unsung heroes who secretly risk their
? lives for our country in the dark and unknown
battles of espionage and treachery. I could name
' many. And as a p'art of its veil of secrecy the CIA
has itS .own .clandestine communications system
with Washington and the world.. . . a . : ?
' The Pentagon spends $3 billion a year on in-
-Jail-1,cm?1 twice as much as the CIA. Like the
CIA, its Army, Navy, and Air Force intelligence
: arms opeeate worldwide, of course, - and ?
; largely unknown ? they also have an immense
:adjunct called the National Security Agency which
;rivals the CIA in size and cost. . .,
? Then there :exists the - important Intelligence- -
-Section of the State Department, likewise world-
wide. Its chief reports directly to Under Secretary
0 Ti
STATI NTL
...STATINTL
of State John N. Irwin 2n4,. it is understandably
very close to its vest.
ADDITIONAL intelligence agencies ? al
growing, all sprawling, all costly spread out In
to the world from the Office Of the Secretary of
Defense, the Atomic Energy Commission, National
Aeronautics ?37. Space .Administration (NASA) an
even the Department of Commerce.
In fact, there are so many additional hush-hush
agencies that recently in West and East Berth
alone there were at least 40 known U.S. in
telligence agencies and their branches ? most of
them' competing with one another.
Mr. Helms himself defines intelligence as "all
the things which should be known in advance a
initiating a course of action." .The acquisition o
intelligence is one thing; the interpretation of it i
another; and the use of it is a third. The 191
statute creating the CIA limits it to the first two. I
also makes the CIA directly responsible to th
President. But it is simply not true that the Cl
is the .over-all responsible agency, as is so st.ridel
believed. - '
? Again and again, no one and everyone la
? ?
responsible. - ..? - . ? a , .
. - -? - ..-?
- ?
THE FUNCTION of intelligence is to protect us
from surprises. It's not working that way. The sick
elephant is threatening our national security by'
surprise, Surprise, surprise.
- Alarmed President Nixon has given Mr. Helms
new ? and sweeping intelligence reorganization
authority on an over-anasis. He has given bins
the first authority ever given anyone to realew,?,
and thus effect, ? all our foreign intelligence.
agencies' budgets. The President believes Mr.
Helms, this undercover world' S most experienced
pro, can cut at least $1 billion out of the morass,
The President confided that he is totally fed up"i
with the intelligence community's 'duplications'; ?
contradictions, self-protective vagueness and
dangerous rivalries. He has made it clear that he -
-wants its output brought closer tO the. needs of the.
President's so-called 40 Committee (actually six
men), which serves the National Security Council-,
and the President himself. .?
. .
In amputating much of the sick elephant, Mr: -
Helms' directive is to cut dean on the surprises..
And the President could not have picked a more .
knowing, no-nonsense man to do it. .
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STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R00
QUINCY, MASS.
PATRIOT LEDGER
E - 65,785
? oct 20 ISA!
GSA Awards-
$61.3 Million
Pact To Honeywell.
WALTHAM ? Honeywell In-
formation .Systcms Inc. was
awarded a $61.3 million federal
contract last week to supply the
Pentagon, Air Force and CIA
with computer systems, a- corn-
,pany spokesman said yesterday.
.The contract, awarded by the
federal General Servic e.s Ad-
ministration, calls for nine large
scale "Series 6,000" computers
with the option to acquire 26 ad-
ditional computer .systems, dur-
ing fiscal 1972-1973.
The systems will be used for
the World Wide Military Com-
mand and Control Systems and
for government intelligence, the
spokesman said.
The contract will not mean any
additional personnel for t h e ,
Waltham plant, but expansion is
planned in the Oklahoma City and
the Phoeitix plants, he said.
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Approved For Release 200110311J4: C1A-RDP80-016
7 OCT 1971 STATINT
T'rf ? kr
if 0g; 4"'t ?F,,n
tiee, trt.,
ut,-171-1 -
(r-i)
L cc-.
- ?
CIT CM
:I
,0 0
.
11--ci 4 RD; (i)1 Iii iay(-i
Ii:, 1111
?
? -
'
rn I `11
s I N--7v I.; 1-i ix- 1 I
Ji 11 " A ) 1 1Li
By Aldo Beck:mall agencies. Diplomatic cables go first to Kissinger is occasionally called, and
. the Department of State, intelligence McManus receives several calls a
Mr. Tice7anon is a member. 'of The
's Washington B urea n. He is reports are routed to the..Gentral InteIli- week on the White House phone next to
Tribune
gezice Agency, and milicary up-dates his bad
assigned to the. White House. .
are moved to the Pentagon. He and James Fazio, 33, deputy di-
WASHINGTON?More than '1F0 intel-
ligence reports a day poUr into a plainly
decorated suite of rooms nestled into ?a
corner of the White House. basement..
Many are routine but the knowledge
that reports of any attack on the United
States by a hostile power would reach
here first creates a pressure-cooker at-
mosphere for the young staff that mans
the facility 24 hours a clay, seven days
a week.
There are no holidays in the White
House Situation Room, the strategically
important focal point upon which the
President of the United States must
rely for instant information. Modern
communications, well-organized dissem-
ination procedures and a dedicated
staff are intertwined with a world-wide
intelligence network and aimed at tt
goal. of informing' the President of
events anywhere in the world within
'minutes after they occur.
Dependent on Other Agencies
David McManus, 34, the quietly confi-
dent director of the Situation Room is
quick to 'emphasize that the success of
his operation is dependent, in a large
measure, to similar intelligene:veceiv-
ing facilities in the Departments of
State and Defense, and in the Central
Intelligence Agency.,
"We live off the fruits of other aE,rem
cies," he said during an interView in
.the paneled conference Morn, where the
indirect lighting, the cork wall designed
for easy stamping of world maps, and
the impressive-looking rectangular con-
ference table leave a visitor with the
feeling that the room could be 'mat as
a movie ? prop for a White House war
room.
McManus, in an obvious' effort to
stifle interagency rivalries that once
.are rampant in the United States in-
telligence community, estimated that 97 ,?? ? ?.
oASSliig,en Occasionally Called
per cent -of ithe reports reachingo the
Situation Re PPKWA aFfar Release,2001103404sCIARDP80-01601R0001 etticif000l -8
."
dozen rooms--?are relayed thru Other called by one of the duty officers, but
However, intelligence outposts, wheth- rector of the Situation Room, take turns
being "on call." 'Whoever is on call
never goes to had without telephoning
the duty officer for an update on re-
ports and, when not in bed, is never
without a "page boy," an electronic
device the size of a tiny transistor radio
whose buzz can be activated in the Situ-
ation Room, signalling its carrier to
or they are radar stations in the frozen
Arctic keeping an eye on flight patterns
of Soviet bombers' over the North Pole,
or intelligence vessels tailing a Soviet
submarine off the North Carolina coast,
have the capability to flash information
directly to the White House. ' ?
Dozen Teletype Machines
The overthrow of a head of state,
unusual bomber deployments by a po'-
tentially hostile pov:er, or the sighting
of missiles heading toward the United
&ales would be flashed directly to the
White House Situation Roam.
The reports move into the White
House on one of a dozen teletype ma-
chines in the 'bomb shelter under the
East Wing and are dispatched immedi-
ately to the Situation Room, in the Welt
Wing, via a pneumatic tnbe, 'arriving
there 34 seconds later.
One of the two or three duty.officers
on duty receives the report and has the
authority to instantly and personally
contact:the President, regardless of the
time of day or night, if he believes the
report is of such importance. The ca-
pability for instant Presidential contact
is maintaine.ct by the Army Signal
Corps and is there whether the Presi-
dent is sleeping in the White House res-
idence, working in his Oval Office, on
board Air Force I over the Pacific, or
riding in a motorcade thru downtown
Belgrade.
"If the missiles are coming Or way,
the President has to know it," -Me-.
Maims explained.
Those some duty officers also have
the authority to immediately contact
Henry Kissinger, Nixon's assistant for
national security affairs, or McManus,
if a report arrives that. requires some
quick attention.
immediately telephone his office.
The two young intelligence analysts
O1 so take tuens. coming into the office
shortly after daivo to put the finishing
teeehes on the President's daily
inlelU-
eiice briefing..
The three or four page report, can-
ing 10 to 12 single or double paragraph
items, represents the highlights of re-
ports received during .the previous 24
hours. Kissinger wants it by 8 a. m. ?
and sometimes asks that items be "re-
worded to more accurately reflect his
feeling on a subject. ?
"It's our daily newspaper," said Mc-
Manus, "but we don't try to be .compre-
hensive." An effort is made, however,
to focus On what currently is under, dis-
cussion in the National Security Coun-
cil. - ?
The daily briefing, which Kissinger
carries in to the President, is not intend-
ed to serve as a working paper, but -is
designed to present, in capsule form for
the chief executive, the latest develop-
ments thruout the world.
Daily status reports on the action in
South Viet Nam are included. Several
weeks ago, Nixon learned the results of
a bombing raid he had ordered to wipe
out a fuel dump ner the demilitarized'
zone in North Viet Nam, when he read
the report from the Situation Room.
Nixon has spent...little time in the
room since his inauguration, in marked
contrast to his predecessor. . .
. ''President Johnson was here a lot,"
? recalled McManus, who served as
. ? V. s.IT.173 .t; WORLD
- Approved For Release 2001/03/QC c.IA-RDP80-01601
- uui STATINTL
.rt
?I:, r?rs,? ?,?
L11%11,
?
is:.1 1 ?,::::-.1 , ' ? 1ivz:1 -'1.2.-1 i 1 /7-7''''?\ tf
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STATINTL
Is the CIA starting to spy on Americans at home?turning talents and mo.i,
against students, blacks, others? That is one of several key questions raised in
a wide ranging criticism. A direct response starts on page 81. STAT1NTL
-
`Ti7r.f:FY..':f?71iJLeiX
The following was written by Edward K. DeLong of
United Press International, based on an interview with
a Contra! Intelligence Agency official. who has ye-
signecl. The dispatch was distribuNd by UPI for pub-
lication oh October 3.
. . ?
Victor Marchetti embarked 16 years ago on a career that
was all any aspiring young spy could ask. But two years ago,
After reaching the highest levels of the Central Intelligence
Agency, be became. disenchanted with what he perceived to .
be amorality, overwhelming military influence, waste and
duplicity in the spy business. He quit. ?
- Fearing today that the CIA may already have begun "go-
ing against the enemy within" the United States as they .?
may conceive it?that is, dissident student groups and civil-
sights organizations?Marchetti has launched a campaign for
IS-lore:presidential and congressional -control over the entire
U. S. intelligence community.
-"I think we need to do this because we're getting into
an awfully dangerous era when we have all this talent
- (for clandestine operations) in the CIA?and more being de-
veloped in the military, which is getting into clandestine
"ops" (operations)---:and there just aren't that many' places
any more to display that. talent,: Marchetti says.
"The cold war is fading. So is the war in Southeast Asia,
except for Laos. At the smile time, we're. getting a lot of
- domestic .problems. And there are people in the CIA who?
if they _aren't right now actually already running domestic
operations against student groups, black movements and the
like?are certainly considering it.
, "This is going to get to be very, tempting," Marchetti
said in a recent. interview at his comfortable, home in Oak-
ton, [Val, a Washington suburb where many CIA Ilion live.
"There'll be a great temptation for these people to sug-
gest operations. and for a Piesident to approve them or to
kind of look the other way. You have the danger -of intelli-
gence turning against the nation itself, going against the 'the
enemy "
Marenetti speaks of the CIA from an insider's point of
view. At Pennsylvania State University he deliberately pre-
Pared himself ApprbvitprbRebsca4ea2ooitinfo4 :
with a degree in a ssian stu r ies and ustory.
Through a professor secretly on the CIA payroll as a talent
scout, Marchetti netted .the prizea 11
? would-be spies dream
of-an immediate job offer from the CIA. The offer came
during a secret meeting in a hotel room, set up by a stranger
who telephoned and identified himself only as "a friend of
your brother."
Marchetti spent one year as. a CIA agent in the field ai STAT I N
?
n more as an analyst of intelligence relating to the Soviet
Union, rising through the ranks until he was helping pre-
pare the national intelligence estimates for the White House.:
During this period, Mar-
chetti says, "1 vas a hawk.
believed in , what we
were doing."
Then he was promoted
to the executive staff of ?
the CIA, moving, to an of-
lice on the top floor of the
Agency's headquarters
across the Potomac River
from Washington.
For three years he
worked as special assistant
to the CIA .Chief of plans,
programs and budgeting,
as special assistant to the
CIA's executive director,
and as executive assistant
to the Agency's deputy
director, V. Adm. Rufus
,
2
<
e's>7/
c /
-?
'My. Marchetti
L. Taylor.
"This put me in a very
rare position within the Agency and within the intelligence
community in general, in that I was in a place where it was
being all pulled together," .Marchetti said.
"I could see how intelligence analysis was done and how it-
fitted into the scheme of clandestine operations. It also gave
me an opportunity to. get a good view of the intelligence
community, too: the National Security Agency, the DIA:'
(Defense intelligence Agency), the national -reconnaissance
organization?the whole bit. And I started to see the polities
within the community and the politics between the com-
munity and the outside. This change of perspective during
those three years had a profound effect on me, because 'I
began to see things I didn't like."
With many of his lifelong views about the world shattered,
Marchetti decided to abandon his chosen career. One of the
ClAuRDP80101601,R010040044000143 Director .
Richard Helms why he was leaving. ? -V
cam-t ft 1'tur4i:
PORTI,
OR EGO
1r6Q? For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601
1,SEP 2, .71;
? 245,132
S ? 407,186
. ? -- ? .-
? One of the vehicles was
? ?-iltAtto Ford : station . wagon
I:identified as belonging to the
',,JJ,S.:',.,-?,Central _Intelligence
.,??Agency.-The-:tWo occupants, .
.? , one in unifrycm and the other
;?in civilian' flexi,v.her ? :
..the car cciu:dit
. . ,
? -But they returned a " few. ??
minute,s', later; the. Civilion:??.
carrying ,a .45 caliher Pistol
'1 and tirt. Uniformed :
M.1(3 rhie, ,to?'rectovt-ir
?papers they": had le.-:?t?Ori.
?? - -"
STATINTL
?By HEYEs
.bpliv.14.73 rvi
. . -
?
SAIGON ?.- Political:unr'est
r in this uneasy capital. took a
. violent anti-American, turn ?
turda yb.uL t.hrcatened_
1(,.i1aftS dctnons;trat ions a;_:;ainst
Presidp.n,t, Nguyen ?Van..
Thieus Oct. 3 "onct;ntan pres-,??
dentiol ? election-. failed to
paterialize.
:::????Ono :American 1:>
'AN'atiicled by gunfire, ? to ir
Anrcrica-n sailors v-era 1)2,1
?
- up an: our -en I f t - ? . 1-2(; I
1 ? - -
vehicles ;wore ? fire bomb!: ?
? One eallen? required several .
stitches for injnries suffered
when his bead bounced I
against the windshield as the 1
driver braked sharply tO a
-stop v-han the van was hit by.
the fire bomb. Another sailor
.
was troatcd for minor -iny.t-
?
Ac! 1ti 1 TCC- i;
ser-c,?crs felt :Iva.s` ccrat.heYtilia-
? ble ? restra.int, ? ?,N-Iletniitines3
ries after being knocked to oia p c. -,3
the ground ? ? ??? stuclents with tear gi?'.3-
,
Up to nuw, the students no odes win.? ,,a),;.?,. ?
parently intended no physi- ?
cal harm ID the Americans, .."?: At Gne 'plat; a 1--eliect? Ora,
tieing catiecied to set fire to cc r fired, several shots ii
ri1 'W patl:cd cars. . the aic. to drive- away the ?
new outbreak ol? vio- crowd , and stodent radicals
?
?lence shaiply .uitc1
eascored. mingling vin tim ru'l?ns ?
aovit',0- band- c-f Sot'
I :',- Yietnanlese, F,tod- It radica ' . . . , _1...,t/,' . ..-. ' ?. c,:-...,,,?tn ,w--.... in., ? ?,, ? one ?????-, ? J--,????-i ,,,,a-,?11-;
mt.nal. c,,,,Lont,,.I.,.., ,? No r.,.., :,,3:,..,?, ,,,,...;? ,..
?.!.,.tle, Cl svas s'tot in t. ''' ?-'? ? '''' . "'-- - ? (IIs act.'pn? .
arrn late?Fri:lay nig '.it. as . e creased arlt,-Arrrn.10-11 ..? 1 ' ' .- . (.. - '
'.. :\va..,walkInc frona tho. Ii.:1, : ils. ,2.4:' '??-??'' -`?-." '''''.- . . ""1-`, tr??'-. ,l'41):.?` s-'xric?isiv:-.: :.
nu. Earlier in r,.:,, Nang, 1. ? ? cc?Ter,..s arru.,.11,1:- C:il f ',IC'. Scen ..73 -- -
?.i."Atnry's 3rd`..riedd )1.:cr.a)itit. ?
!tO ;111:s barracks. flis cent.po. .1-7.? fie?, f?1. l's life as E' Vic!"'-' ''' .11e\vs'y'c'll I'c'C'').:('
... .6.0,i,:nn.othe.i., GI who ?,./a.-;,:on : ese mob ,r.i.,leacully burn?-', l'''" ' .11.ig ir'"?
. . , :
1, ,, we p?.. ,, . . . _ ,.
. ' 1,1.11114. . said ,_: ? r;''''C') ' '5'-o,'' t ' ' . '..."11.te question is ho...,,,, alnico.
ns ..1-01,..! young .? tot nto ., ". ?
i,ric,ar Tim son 1,11101,, central Vietnam, a GI (1115 n_ MaSICS
eSe, Sp by 011 17101-11aF. ? bongor AVO can keep our:rnen
,Under contt-ol in the face-C.
; 'The Jon.: got a;ray and
"there was to jr ii provocations," ?? 'said s.
1,:??they w-e.re 1.5. senior ?Ulcer. - "SoGr -',-
Ida ..ottr boys nave for the nic:3;.-,,
?A U.S. .vy chid.' patty .--
floc): died a for.' clays earlier ?' i'artkepttheir cool, Luc r'-cv
after gtr3 lust don't think it's faic
, L ?, ?
I J?ar, 'Iii for tr u
eatment of Nlls PooP,I.0 :are hem ti
Is tiff el-6d when he was ? help slrAild attack them,".
'b:apped in? a parked pickup The ? i'students 0,p-par6o.tly
a c 14,-; which was, -fire'switched tactics to lilt-end? ?
bombed in front of U.S. ..,'"fliri.at'a-:,.c1;5; on Amerlean ye-
Navy headquarters. headquarters. ' their
? ??
- ?;?: 'St-11191s strucli- (l?Trl\?;O to :1)1?c-h?????11-H;;-:
?
? "election failed: to
SR I lOr3 wore ' a t-. :off-, the grc:rn.d.'
...tacked at the same spe,t. '
?, When their s--in was: -fire ,Y4?:?j't!t?Fs.i'i
'? bc.nnhed by students at noon ? 'The ',??'liveliest iction took
?:Saturclay. .? ? ?.?:? ? ' Le: ,Van Duvet
, . . . _ . ,
:?.'Ad? the sailors stn--.a.rohlt-:,1? -.Street the,
oat of ths.1.1- barilinil embassy, where three Atuar?
they weee -attao1;?,-?,1 kv rIo *lean ears and a South Vie-
clats wielding S iflS and narris:4e ?police, :Jeep:
ofilcrai fled. baa uCdi \?v41'in ? a cour'le? ? oil
? " ?
?

? Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R0.00100140001-8
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
BE
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Available
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
11,?02:CRE.V, ai.'1\11
? 1
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Approved For Releasday.A0144:W-sRPIATallgRR
A F? rk ll?-: Vint: r)c- The deposed Caiiibodian monarc.h,
,,
Vi r-trk Vi-,, )t,Z,.. 0
r.,017.7 liVing in Peking, baS been :a.
-
:standout performer in propaganda In tnnes of turmoil,
a work for the Chinese Communists.. \\?`Y O\PciCd clande
i ti ie stations often give the
' i IA . ; 1
J
.17? id he died? Had the Chinese cut
first reports as to whether
. 1 It.r.ki '1 3,7 him off the air? '. - ? 7 . .
a government has fallen,
Intercepted Own It3roadcast - or a -secessionist move-
:I ? (, o
A . It was later learned? m
much to the ent - is still viable. The i ,4,
10 Z
, 7 ,. 'crobarrassment of FBIS Americans Fast Pakistan 'El e n g 1 a
-.-that the bogus Sihanouk voice had Bosh" in o v e m e n t was
a really come from an American-fiVraore active on radio than
n a n c e d Cambodian government in battle the first few
station, . .? months.
la ith such goings-on, it seems .sur- The ?101115 station on
prising that the daily D'BiS sumina- Okinawa, which devotes?
In.r?JACtil FOISIE ? ry of l'significant" broadcast:3 is not its main effort?to monitor-?
Times stiff Viritcr 1 ecret document. But it. is one of ing the radios on tho,.(Thi-
.
? 'the few products of the CIA, bf jibse mainland, has the
. BANCEOK?In a strange house in -which rods is a part, that is natva d d e d responsibility of
an alley off Soi 30 (30ft. St.) here, ;stamped secret. ? . "cruising." Patient opera-
the U.S. Central intelligence Agency "We are the straight-forward out- tors "twirl the dial" on all
ss- ,
produces documents that quite often fit in the, agency," an F pa ible wave, bands and
BIS ?? em-
. . 'frequencies to detect new-
p
encl.-up in the hands of fi love explained. shmongers radio stations, he they but-
. -While other CIA sections monitor
as wrapping papei. a gasoline-powe.red ..."one-.
cert:An types of .Coded -enenay--zind
' The house, with faded green \val.'s; poinetimes friendly--radio traffic; lung" transmitter set ? in
red-tiled roof and surrounded by -a FBIS eavesdrops on programs that the jungle.
-
corrugated tin fence of forbidding peasants are hearing over a coin-
Diplonilitic feelers are
o
height, is conspicuous by its shabbi- inunal radio, and.. soldiers in bar-
sometimes first voiced, r
ness in an otherwise reasonably ma- racks or in bivouac are listening to replied to, on clandestine
nicured'neighborhood. 01:1 transitorized sets. That explains radios. For a year, the al-
It is also conspicuous by the ab- why the monitoring is. not consid- li'-'cl-hackr-?cl Lao Premicr, -
normal number of antennas, it...cred a classified project.
Prince iSouvanna Phouma,
sprouts. - . . Not tlia.t. the'bulky stapled sheaf'of and h s half - b r o tli Cl'
. It is ?the regional office of an blue-ink summaries is available to P r i rice Souphanouvong,
.Arnerican go v e r 11 Til C n I agency lust anyone But 'ople.s of the daily - leader of the Communist.
blandly identified as the Foreign, Pathet - Lao, .have been
ErOadeast Information SerViee or ICPCJIt CZM no
bet'Ed' hot- making peace proposals.
FDIS. ?? - ? rowed or purloined. In Souphanouvong, often as
Under its roof, approximately 20 -Vientiane, the Lao capital not, has., been voicing his
American-employcd foreign- nation- where both sides in the ploys through a pair of
al r> monitoiathe outpouring of enemy Ind?china war 112ve d11)- Luna-and-Abner "Uncles,"
-and friendly news and propaganda Joiners; in
is,n,"ir,T...,iss \t" - Hak and - Sat, who hold a
-broadcasts originating in e I g h t rea-'-'wg 'n every --------:. 30-minute conversation
Sbutheast Asia nations. ?. Eventually the discard- over clandestine. R a d i o
Supervised by a handful of Amen- ed FBIS copies end. up in Pathet Lao every Sunday
cans, the spew of v,-Ords is recorded the market place, -where morning. .. .
and translated into English. The peddlers use them to wrap - Folksy Chat -.-.--
process turns the clutter of 14 la.n- fish: . . .? ' A -
. folksy ? chat,' or a
guages and dialects gathered from The 17BIS distillation. of slightly risque sing-song
the air waves into a digestible pro- SoutheastAsja's war, of
duct to be read by FBIS clients words is probably, most ea- exchange, 18, standard en-
tertainment iia 1,..a.os. To
Dete.:Aing l'olitic.al Tr emls -gerly read b;,?- military assure an audience,' the
brieferse who . must put -Pathet Lao make most of
? The clients are mostly Issmericans pins on maps' and inform
?Asian political specialists and niil-their propaganda points to
their generals or - daily
itary men assigned to intelligence combat action. While ene- the people in these forms.
-duties: They read the FBIS reports my radio broadcasts do- ? Uncle Ea.k. and Uncle
to detect t r c n d s, . -alterations in scrilling "great victories" Sat discussed SouVanna
political positions, and the rise and are reach with -a jaundiced ? Phouma's latest peace- of-
fall of leaders -in Asian countries. ? eve,. their -exaggerations fer in abroadcast recently.
For the monitors, working around are sometimes no greater, .Recorded and translated
the clock in three shifts, listening to one officer. -admitted, than .by FBIS.- . the Mutt-and-
the diatribes or oily persuasion \\Mat. the 'friendly govern- Jeff dialog included tins
broadcasts can be deadeningly dull. :reents of. Laos, 'Caml)odia portion:
Much of the propaminda is rcpeti- -and Thailand arc report- Flak: Prince Souvanoa
tiotts in theme, and is meant to be. ing : about the same ac- PhOlma's letter to Prince
But there 6an-also be moments of : titans. . . Souphanouvong this time
exhilaration for even the most jaded ."By 'having both ver- is not different from the
monitor. Recently; a 'Prince Slhan- .s.:.ions,, were in a position previous ones. That is, it
ouk" broadca4, came on t 'a air, lzut : to jtal,,e woat reallyhap- ? avoids coming to grips ?
the FYI'S spAPIArQVtorrlielepsed2001403/04r: CIA-RDP804P18b1 k1381:1100140001 -8
immediately that the voice \vas fake. !plained. - - - ? ,
- First P,epor4s , ?
I A
-Al
g-??
xAmp
A
STATINTL .
s
Approved For R4Q 91AA9180-01601R00
15 Sept 1911
11 I trl t?-r',710
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---).??,9 *A?.1,f F(
._1)
? If you wonder what has happened to our citi-
zens' privacy, listen to a summary I have just
conipleted. Incredible? One would have thought
so. Impossible? One. would have hoped se. Un-
fortunately, it is. the squalid truth. Here are the
Ugly facts:
.?
?More than 2,600 computers are now working
away -- clank, clank, chink Washington.,
They have a full-time petential of supplying a
stack of records 2,000 miles high 'every year.
About 250,000 yes, 230,000 -- government em-
ployes axe chiefly involved with filing the paper
into cabinets. These cabinets cover 25 million
cubic. foot of floor space. That's more then il
times the entire rentable floor space in the vast
102-story Empire Slate Building -- only for the
filing cabinets. The execlitive branch alone has
two million. ? ?
Yet the government 53 no?,v installing addi-
tional data-processing coMputers at the astound-
fog rate. of 100 a year -- with an emphasis on
piling up information about our citizens.
"PRIVACY," SAID late, great Prof. Clinton.
Rossiter, "is an unbreakable wall of dignity
against the entire world.", But start with your in-
come tax declaration probably the most pri-
vate, intimately revealing thing demanded of citi-
zens. Nearly 10 million of us taxpaying peasants
filed these with the Internal Revenue Service this
year. The declarations started out to he inviolate.
Today, largely lull:nov.1i to the SO million, that
essential privacy is a mere charade.
. Twenty-three federal agencies now have direct
access to our citizens' income tax returns for an
official total of .100 reasons.
Do not hold the IRS responsible for this. It
has leught. intrusions teeth and nail. But outside
agencies have contriVed their intru.siens to the
IRS's utter dismay. ?? . ? :
' ? WPM THE 109 REASONS available to the 23
agencies, what an outrageous opening for scat-
tered bureaucratic insiders. And what an oppor-
tunity for crooks, pressure boys, spite artists in
iour neighborhood, political oppements of men in
?public life; business rivals ansi. others who can
quietly get your declaration by cozy relationships,
bribery and other Means .
The last census, which is still hi the data-
processing computers, was not a C0111-CC of. our
?PoPulaUcn, as the Constitution demands. It was,
instead, a systematic penetration of our privacy,
STATINTL
undoubtedly useful but expanded nevertheless" in
accord 1\-M1 the over-all invasion ? this worm in
the American apple. ?
. The Civil Service Commission,. on inquiry, -re-
plies that, yes, it now does compile "lead in-
formation relating to possible questions" that
might come up about countless people. So duos
the Post Office Department. So does the Depart-
ment of the Interior. Ridiculously, oven the ele-
phantine :Interstate Commerce Commission,. to
our country's shame, gets into this intrusion on
such a scale that maybe, the ICC should give .up
its true, funCtion entirely and just go into the
business of building libraries for itself.
THE IilONTAGON Aam-cf,,:, it has dossiers'on
20. million Americans outside the armed forces.
Its data bank also keefps files on 7,-C?0 organiza-
tions, if you can conceive of that many. In fact,
the Pentagon admits that it processes an average
1,200 requests a Ov for undisclosed information.
The Justice Department lists 13,2C-3 lianses.. of
persons 1.nov.m to have urged violence. And there
are, of course, the vital files of its investigative
.agency, the FBI.
The Secret Service has compiled on its own
a colossal filo of what it tells me. Me "persons
of interest,'' Those include those whose only hid
for Secret Service attention is their criticism of
government policies. ?
`XIII] Central Intelligence Agency's personal in-
formation files are top secret ? and tremendous.
The CIA has jurisdiction only abroad, not in 1:1-ie
United States. Nevertheless, this CIA maintains
secret offices in a score of U. S. cities totally
unknown to our public.
Big Brother's intrusion into our American life
is not new, nor is its incredible undercover, unre-
vealed expansion schemed and planned in the
sense of a sinister design. Actually, it's a drift,
like a spreading, cancer is a ,drift. And, behiqd-
the scenes today's electronic technological ad-
vances are spreading the drift on a scale that
should frighten our public out of its 1>0th.
'These advances allow Big Brother to acquire,
Store and use tremendous files of information
Big Brother collects on us with a correlation, and
speed which completely changes the potential for
the invasion of privacy. And how long can this
hidden prestitution of our intended government
continue without wrecking every democratic con-
cept in our democratic system?
Approved For Release 20011(13/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8 '
.1114$111.N.QT.0.1I
Approved For Release 2001t0?94t
talk"- R D ??4A-131WiLl
.V.V Ir,11.T.7( t,0 10'0112:
By cT,1 A 11 d er o- ?
-
Iuteliigeic
e Itc1135
? The coded intelligence re-
Ports that flood into Washing-
ton from all over the world Of-
ten contain raw, unverified in- -
formation. The Central intelli-
gence Agency has devised a
simple system for rating the
reliability of its reports. The
veracity of the source is given
an alphabetical rating; an ap-
praisal of the content is rated
by number. Thus, an A-1 re,
port would be considered 100
per cent accurate. lint if a
wholly reliable source passed
? on a liot. barroom rumor, it
might be rated A-12. Or if a
less trustworthy source sub-
mitted what he claimed was a
really reliable item, the rating
might be C-3. Hereafter, we
will use this rating system to
help our renders evaluate the
accuracy of intelligence items.
Emperor's Surprise (A-2)---
No one was more surprised
than Emperor Hirohito to
learn that his. European trip
would be interrupted by a
stopover in Alaska. Prime%
Minister Sato neglected to
consult the Emperor before
setting up the trip. By staging
a dramatic meeting between
Emperor Hirohito and Presi-
dent Nixon, Sato hopes to take
some of the steam out of the
hot Japanese reaction to Mr.
Nixon's Peking ploy and eco-
nomic moves against Japan.
The Emperor; left out of the
backroom planning, was aston-
ished to learn that he would
interrupt his European trip to:
confer with Mr. Nixon in
'Alaska.
, ?]971, MI-McClure Syildicate, Inc.
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
STATI NT
Approved For Release 211031V031041: CIARTDP80
19 1971
"...A30.-1Deglt ntire r.eries of tr:is-
. ettssiots VMS "off tlie record", the
stll*:ct Ciscusclon for th'r, prIrtieu-
lac v especiany ? sersttite
?'t rte tt:bt to the previotIsly' t n- -
mr..ced..restrictLore."
?, ?C. Dol.T:.n.:3 D:r,on
?
. ? ?
Ey (ZI.e:17,3
??
rivalries.to he stire, but once the deci-
sions are reached at the top they are
carried out with the monolithic tone of
state power. ? ?.
The intelligence cOmmunity- now
plays a 11 expanded and critical role in
creating and administering the real
stuff of American foreign policy; Cl
. The Central. Intelligence Agency is Director Richard Helms presides over a
one .of the few governmental agencies U.S. Intelligence Board which links the
.whose public image has actually irn- secret services of all governinent agen-.
proved as a result of the publication of cies, including the FBI. In the White
i e
the Pentagon Papers. Despite disclo- House, Henry Kissinger presides over
'Sures .of "The Agency's" role in assassi- an expanded National Security Council
?nations, sabotage, and coup d'etatS . structilre which Turther?centralizes
consciously intended to subvert intern,a- covert foreign policy planning. it is here
tional law, A me ric.a's secret agent ry that the contingency plans are cooked
has actually emerled in some quarters up and the "options" .so carefully
:with the veneration due prophets, or at ' worked out. It is in these closed chant-
least the respect. due its suggested effi- ?berc. and strangelovian "situ;ttion
eiency and accuraey. rooms" that plans affecting the lives of
Virtually eveey newspaper editor, not millions arc formulated for subsequent
ti mention Daniel Ellsberg himself, has execution by a myr.iad or U.S. con:
heaped praise on the CIA for the accu- trolled agencies and agents.
'racy. or its estimates detailing the U.S. . _Increasingly, these schemes rely on
defeat in Vietnarn..Time and agliin. the covert tactics whose full rheanng is scl-
Agency's "lesel headed professional- .dom perceived by the people affected -:--
ism." has been contrasted with the esca-- be they Americans or people of foreign
lation-overkill orientation of the Penta- countries. The old empires', with, their
c,
'?(,on or the President's advisors. The colonial administrators- and civilizing
-.
j'editor of the Christian Science Monitor rnisson have given way to the more '
?
even called upon policy makers to..con- sub* craftsman Of intervention. Their
'suit .the CIA more, calling it a "re- manipulations take place lathe front
markabiy accurate source of informa- rooms of rico-colonial institutions and
7tion." But such backhanded praise for. the parlors or dependent third World.
conspirator confuses public under- elites. In this world of 1-,?alpolitik;'ap-
,Standing of the important and closely pearances are often purposely deceptive
integrated role which the CIA plays in and political- stances intentionally m15-
advancing the Pax Americana on a leading. The U.S. aggression in Viet-
global scale.. ..?nam, lesranyone forget, began as a
. For many, the Pentagon Papers 'covert involvement largely engineered'
provided ri.first peek into the inner by the CIA. Similar covert interven--
; sanctum of foreign policy making. As. ? tions now underway elsewhere in the
the government's attempt to suppress world may be fueling tomorrow's Viet-.
the study illustrates, the people arc not rams. . . .. . .
supposed to have access to the real It. is (lor. this reason that the Africa
? plans of their government. On close Research Group, an independent rail-.
inspection, what emerges is not an "Inv- cal research collec.tive, is.now making
-isibJe government" but an indivisible .pnblie Major excerpts from a document
system in which each agency offers its which offers an informed insider's view
own specialized input, and is-delegated of the-secret workings of the American .? ?, ?
its own slice of responsibnity. Coordi- intellic;ance apparatus abroad. Never *1-ne complete text of the doculTient win
nated inter-departmental agencies work ...intended for publication, it was made bc available for Sl in late October from
out 1.11,2 d i v i s i o n of imperial labor. There available to the Group which will pub- .A,fri,car, Resetich Group, p.0. Box 213,
are d isag, Approkted Por2R-eheitsei2001103/044.t CIAG-RDP804016hkbo6464-48616s1 4
?
:goafr.70.7,0a
CIA manipulations.
Richard Bissell, the man who led the ?-/
Council discussion that night, was well
equipped to talk about the CIA. A one-
time Yale professor and currently an
executive of the United Aircraft Corpo-
ration, Bissell served as the CIA's Dep-
? uty Director until he "resigned" in the
wake of the abortive 1961 invasion of
iCuba. The blue-ribbon g,roup to which
,
he spoke included -a number of intellig,
ence experts including Robert Amory,
Jr.:. another former Deputy Director,
and the late CIA chief, Alien Dulles,
Jong. considered the grand. Old man of
American. espionage. Their presence
was important' enough an occasion for
international banker Douglas Dillon to
(
111.
Approved .For Release 2oollio3m4--t-crA:RDPIOZItt
S JUL -CA
7 0
.4"-"' ' ii- (..-1 . ,e71..T7:?...., (r-1-,? .-1", -; .r.
By PAUL W. BLACC.STOCIC
Ever since the Bay of Pigs fiasco in
1t331, the Central intelligence Agen-
has had a had press -in this country
and abroad. The 1967 "revelations" that
the agency had secretly financed the
National Student Association, plus a
number of university-affiliated research
institutes and anti Communist cultural
fronts, came as a shock to both students
and the
?
,.--.-n '..: il p
.,. -.,...,......?i ,..--.... -.._.;.,, --&...;" .,..i.,._.4.?..
I
..i r
t.?..--, -;,..--.- -. ...---:.
i:;"' ,
.-..,../,.
?..:..2 4.... ;!...
ts, -,---,
.11
r ? :t,s/
? I'
Nardi& Wi.l.f,on, ivlien appointed shadow Foreign STAT I NTL
'Secrellary, ni-Eheti to. -Washington to assn.-c.a. President
Kennedy that Lubor ivenhd stand four-s.inace behind the
U.S. in the Far. East. There in no evidence that be znibjc7cled
American iniept lions to nay very cieDe He
iceognized a fellow Boy Scout when he saw one, and did
iiot scruple to holTow ti:e. Kennedy oveld)lown rhelm.le in
pxplainiug to -flo!thiing co}kagaen the nature OJ irLdi'n
ia3L e f'
. .
o): onez pctIce..icettvng
Professor Diet:I:stock', a fernier military- job" briefings in Saigon, deceived only
' intelligenCe research analyst. and author those officials, either civilian Cl military,
of s:Neral boal,.s on the intelligence proc-. who ?vanted to believe thefl.
ss, now teaches at the University of What is the "intelligenee community"..?
'South Carolina. - '. ? How is it organized and what role should
It play in dceision-making at the national
level in such foreign entanglements as
the war in Vietnam? The answers to
these questions ,have been cloaked in
secrecy when they should be a matter of
public knowledge. .
To 'begin with the basic institutions, the
U.S. intelligence community Is made up
of the separate agencies of suck key
government departments as State and ?? .
Defense, the National Security Agtincy, On the national level daily and weekly
and the CIA, which has the overall re- reports are promptly distributed to the
sponsibility,.fer "coordinating, cvaluat- President z'illd his ohiCr advisers, and
lag, and disseminating intelligence af- special estimates or btiefings are made
feeling the national security." _'. as required in response to developing
"First. Line Of Defense" crises. In short,- the intelligence commu-
nity provides the decision-mahoir with
It has often been said that "intellittence carefully evaluated information and esti-
is the first line of national defense." Most mates which he can either use for guid-
citizens are vaguely aware that foreign ance or disregard.
policy and military decisions are made History is full- of illustrations how no-
by the President with the. advice of his tional leaders have ignored the estimates
or the intelligence col-hriurnity,. especially secretaries of state .and De[ense, based, of the intelligence agencies with discs-
the S[ate.Hepartment Bureau of Intelli-!' in theory at le&st, on the in information ft ous results. Napoleon's u telligenee
gence nnd Research re.peatedly warned available to experts. througliout the gov- aide, the Marquis dc Caulahicoart, ex-
against the hazards involved, including erranent. The collection, evaluation and 1)10 ed v,:hy, for obvious strategic pee-
flat predictions that the.sti.tategic bomb- dissemination of such information is.onc sons, the planned invasion of Russia
ing Of -North Vietnam would fail to ac - of the put urn functions of intelligence, would fail ? His advice it i.:1--'lnored-
complish. its' objectives. ? ?
But in foreign and military affairs, -A centuryliater, Al.tolp Hitler's embus-
Deceiv c a 'Phemsoives
? strategic decisions should also take into sada': in Russia, Count Brockdorff-Ren-
aecount careful, estimates of the capabili- tzau, used the same reasoning in hi
How s esti-
. ,.., : ? ' - - - .
' ow -these. 6timates .and Warnings
ties itind 1)robable cOUrseS of action of mate of why Hitler's plan wo:J.Id fail. Ills
wem ignored._ by to policy:makers as warning was also ignored and Iliticr
friends, allies, neutrals and "ervemies."
they carried . out. their deliberate .and launched his invasion, which v,.as widely :.,-e
The production of such national esti-
"immaculate deception" of the American heralded as the final showdown in his
mates is a second major function of th...::
public is one of the n-lorc fascinating lifelong, crusade against world con mu
entire inteigence community, although
'aspects of the Pentagon ptipers. But ll
, in nism. The campaign ultimately floun-
the.board.of estiniales in the CIA coordi-
decei,ving the public, the decision-makers
fl?Iso deceived themselves, and eventuay nate, rn inciividuai .,golicy Contributions &red in a sea of blood-40 million Rus-
. cantle- to believe optimistic .."military .sian casualties zdone, not to mention Ger-
awl disseminates the final results.
progress'' reports, released to the public. As 'a. rift, the various' intelligence man losses vibich also ran into the mil-
as based on the "latest intelligence," agencies arc staffed on the working level 11.?11s? . . . .
. when.,itfact at the highest level, the by tnousands ot anonymous civil so.rvants Nothing quite as dramatic has Imp-
,ostimajos ApprOv6 dePcir Wea s:# 20 04M, 1104v6.,rCIA-RDP8004613 tROMG01400011118 and
nom me nem, including typical "snow- urdLy are SeiCiorn equaled elsewhere in ei-
ther government or private enterprise.
As the United States became begged
down in the Vietnam quagmire anti the
student anti-war protest gathered
met:turn, the CIA became a favorite tar-
get of abuse. Agency recruiters were
driven from college campuses. CIA-fi-
nanced study centers were "trashed" 'at
a cost of many thousands of dollars. No.,7
Left orators, armed with a sense of out-
' rage and an encyclopedic ignorance of
the intelligence community and its func-
tions instinctively assumed that the CIA
was a major factor in the escalation of
the war in Vietnam.
But the Pont0gon study of the war,
recently published by the New York
Times proves conclusivelY7 that the Don
Quixotes of the New Left have been
charging at the wrong windmill. For
many years and at critical stages of the
escalation. the CIA and other:members'
Many of the men on the. CIA's Board of
National Estimates and its staff have
more than two decades of intelligence
.experience. Better than ti.3 per cent of the
officials on this top ecbelon have ad-
vanced academic clef.:::rces in history, po-
litical science, or economics directly per-
tinent to their v.tork. About 75 per cent
have enhanced their area and subject
knowledge by living overseas. The esti-
mators in State Departmern Bureau of
Intelligence and Research are equally
competent anti well-qualified.
.Advice To President
Coni../Liuo el
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JUL 1977
0 T. 71
JLJJ ,
Li );\1_,,:d_ Ltd
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ij
1-1 1.1
et--' tt , ji
? I, ? ? a1,L,(Li
By RICHARD ))UDMAN
Chief Washington Correspondent
of the Post-Dispatch
WASHINGTON, July 8 --,-- Sen-
. .
ator john Sherman Cooper
(Rep.), Kentucky, has obtained
strong bipartisan backing for a
proposal to require the Central
Thtelligence Agency to report to
'Congress as well as to the Ex-
ecutive Branch.
Cooper, a moderate opponent
of the Vietnam War and of the
antiballistic missile system, in-
troduced his?proposal yesterday
; as an amendment to the Nation-
-al Security Act of 1917, which
created the Departme:nt of De-
f en s e, the National Security
Council and the CIA.
Senators Stuart Syminaton
(D e m.), Missouri, J. William
Ftdbright (D e m.), Arkansas,
and Jacob K. Javits (Rep.),
New York, announced their
?
: support for the measure on the.
Senate {leer. Fulbright spoke of ..
,. .
holding hearings on the propos-
al. .
Symington, chairman of a for- ?
eign relations subcommittee on
overseas commitments, told of
' difficulties he had had in ob-
taining full information about
secret U.S. military prepara-
tions and operations abroad, in-
cluding the clandestine warfare
being conducted in Laos.
' Symington noted that he was
a member of the Foreign Rela-
tions, Armed Services and Joint
Atomic Energy committees. He.
said that his best information
had been obtained from the lost
of these, attributing that fact to
a requirement in the Atomic
Energy Act that the Atomic En-
ergyCommission keen Con-
...
gross "fully and eurrenriy" in-
formed.
Cooper used that phrase in
his proposed amendment on the
IIA. An aid said that Cooper '
ad found CIA information gem
erally reliable on such matters
as Soviet military preparedness
and the Indochina War but had
noted that it was rendered only
in response to specific ques-;
tions.
Under his amendment, the
CIA viould have to take the ini-
tiative in sending Congress its
analyses of problems of foreign
policy and national security. ;
The aid said that. Cooper had
been considering such a mea-
sure for several years. Ile said
the publication of the Pentagon
papers had demonstrated once
more the value of CIA reports
n d probably had broadened
? support in Cengress for a re-
quirement to make them availa-
ble.
In a Senate speech, Cooper
;proposed that the CIA be re-
quired to make regul a. r and
special reports to the House
A r in e d Services and Foreign!
Affairs committees and to the
Senate Armed Services and
Foreign Relations committees.
Additional special reports could
be requested by the commit-.
tees.
Any member of Congress orl
designated member of his staff'
would have access to the infor-
mation. All such persons would
be subject to security require-
ments such as those in the Ex-
ecutive Branch.
Cooper said that the best in-
formation should be available
to the Executive and Legisla-
tive branches as a basis for na-
tional decisions involving "vast
amounts of money, the deploy-
ment of weapons whose purpose
is to deter war yet can destroy
all life on earth, time stationing
of American troops in other
countries and their use in com-
bat, and binding commitments
to foreign nations."
Two other Senators offered
proposals relating to the CIA.
George S. McGovern (Dem.),
South Dakota, suggested that
expenditures and appropriations
for the intelligence agency ap-
pear as a single line item in the
budget. Agency funds. now are
concealed in other items in the
budget.
Three bills were introduced
by Senator Clif f ord P. Case
(Rep.), New Jersey, to limit
fielding foreign troes in Loas
o r elsewhere-without specific
approval by Congress. ?
Case said they were designed;
? i"to place sonic outside control
'.oh what has been the free-
;wheeling operation of the Exec-
utive Branch in carrying on for-
eign policy and even waging
foreign wars."
Meanwhile, ;the House reject-
ed a proposal that the Adminis-
tration be required to tell it;
what the military and CIA were
doing in Laos.
By a vote of 261 to 118, mem-
bers tabled ? and thus killed ?
a resolution introduced by Rep-
resentative Paul N. McCloskey
(Rep.), California, that would
have ordered the Secretary of
State to furnish the House with
the policy guidelines given. to
the U.S. ambassadorli Laos.
The ambassador has responsi-
bility for overseeing the clan-
destine -military operations in
Laos aimed at assisting the roy-
al Laotian government in its
struggle with the Pathet Lao.
William B. Macomber Jr.,
deputy under secretary of state,
clashed yesterday with Mc-
Closkey over whether the ?De-
partment of State was directing
U.S. bombing attacks in Laos.
Macomber denied the allega-
tion and suggested that if Mc-
Closkey wanted to pursue the
issue he ought to invite an East
Asia expert from the State De-
partment to testify.
T h e exchange occurred as
Macomber testified bef o re a
House foreign affairs subcom-';
mittee on ways to improve de-
classification o f Governmentn
records by the State Depart- I
covert use of funds and mili-
tory equipment by the CIA fortent?
? _M acamber said JO to 12
years' retention ought to be ad-'
equate to protect Government 1
secrets whiSkiit kin-4614i
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47.????=?????????=11
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.
Following are text of key c.locuments accompanying (?
,the Pentagon's study of the Vietnam, war, dealing with the Ad-
ministr?tion, of President John F. Kennedy up to the events that
brought the overthrow of President Ngo Dinh, Diem, in 1963. mil'
Except where e:?:ceepting is specified, the documents are printed
?
verbatim, with, only viimistakable typographical errors or- (
? ?
_ mg
_ anc
reeled. ? _
, ,?,. i',, ,., , r - prc
.1?,/ 0 d.-....1 0 Odobadat b C30 Laa yais in
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kji 1 I R (c._;c1CS 1 0 S.f-n 0 ri n
- ? .. - ? . ,- .. arr
? .Cablegram from Ethridge Durbrow, United States Ambassador in Saigon, me
.to Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, Sept. I 16, 1960. . - - fer . ' . ? .
INN
. . . . ? ? ? ?
,.,. _ , - - .---- - - ?-? i !?
.
As indicated .our 493 and 538 Diem
regime confronted by two separate but
? related dangers. Danger from demon-
strations or coup attempt in Saigon
could ?occur earlier; likely to be pre-
? dominantly non-Communistic in origin
but Corinne aists can be expected to
. endeavor infiltrate and exploit any such
? attempt. Even more serious danger is
' ? gradual 'Viet Cong extension of control
over countryside which, if current Corn-
- munist progress continues, would mean
loss free Viet-nam ? to Communists.
? These two dangers are related because
'Communist successes in rural areas
embolden them to extend their activitiesm
. to Saigon and because non-Comunist
temptation to engage in demonstrations
or coup is partly motivated by sincere
desire prevent Communist take-over in
Viet-nam. ?
Essentially [word illegible] sets of
measures required to meet these two
? ' dangers. For Saigon danger essentially
. and psychological measures re-
quired. For countryside danger security
? measures as well as political, psychee
logical ,and 'economic measures needed.
? However both sets measures should be
? carried out simultaneously and to some
; extent individual steps will be aimed at
both clangers. ?
?? Security recommendations have been
made in our 539 and other messages, -
Including formation internal security
council, centralized intelligence, etc.
? This message therefore deals with our
poJiUdal and economic recommenda-
tions. I realize some Measures I ant
recommending are drastic and would be
? most [word illegible] for. an ambassador-
'
to make under normal circumstances.
? 13ut conditions here are b ? no means
.. ?
?
normal. Diem government is in quite ?
serious danger. Therefore, in my opinion
prompt and even drastic action is called
for. I ant well aware that Diem has in
past ?demonstrated astute judgment and ?
has survived other serious crises. Pos-.
sibly his judgment will prove superior
to ours this time, but I believe never-
theless we have no alternative but to
give him our best judgment of what we -
believe is required to preserve his goo- '
ernmeot. While Diem obviously resented
my frank talks earlier this year and will
probably resent even more suggestions
outlined below,- he has apparently acted
on some of our earlier .suggestions and
might act on at 'least seine of the
following: ? .
are e?
c Gun
runo
?tant
belie
colni
est I
be t3
coun
gove
sacri
sugg
appo
. (D
henc
1. I- would propose have -frank and en
friendly talk with Diem and explain our d 0
g
i ic
serious concern about present situation
and his political position: I would tell aile,
him that, while matters I am ?raising pres'
deal primarily with internal affairs, I
would like to talk to him frankly and
try to be as helpful as as I can be givin
? onst
him the considered judgment of myself
ernn
and some of his friends in Washington-
mi appropriate measures to assist him
? in present serious situation. (Believe it . a.
? best not indicate talking under instruc- ban(
tions.) I would particularly stress de- . its $
? sirability or actions ? to broaden and of a
increase his [word illegible] support ? PUP
- prior to 1991 presidential elections re- atmo
quiced by constitution before end April. redu
I would propose following actions to ?pm
President: _ ?. . i cove
. 2. Psychclogical shock 'efiect .is -.'re- : 4. Permit National Assembly wider -
.
.'
- legislative initi.ttive and area of genuine
quired to take initiative from Commu-
debate and bestow on it authority to
nist ?propagandists as, well as non-Com- conduco with .appropriate publicity,
:nunist oopositionists and convince
public iro.,estioations of any department
population government taking effective
of government with right to question
leasuresitikadts.eitigoisp 1 .. i
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. of hand. To achieve that effect follow-
his
ing suggested:
pose: (A) find some mechanism for dis-
2,1011
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I
? A formal planning and budgetary process
?for the phased withdrawal of U.S. forces
from :Vietnam was begun amid the euphoria
and optimism of July, 1662, and was ended
In the pessimism of March, 14661. Initially,
the specific objectives were: (1) to draw
down U.S. military personnel then engagi2d
in advisory, training, and support efforts
from- an FY 61 peak of 12,060 to an Fy 63
bottoming out of 1,560 (just IC1, MAAG); and
(2) to reduce MAP from an loY St peak of
$1E0 million to an DY 60 base of f:/.13.8
South Vietnamese forces were to be trained
to perform. all ?the functions then being
carried out by U.S. personnel.
What the U.S.G. was actually trying to ac-
complish during this period can be de-
scribed in either or both of two ways: (I) a
real desire and attempt to extricate the
U.S. from direct military involvement in the ?
war and to make it a war which the GVI1
would have to learn to win, -and (2) straight-
forward contingency planning and the use
of a politicial-mapagerial technique to slow
down pressures for greater U.S. inputs. _A
blend .of the wish embodied in the first ex-
planation and the hard-headedness of the
second seems plausible.
?
A A 6
Needless to say, the ? phase?out never
came to pass. The Diem coup with the re-
sulting polfficalinstability and deterioration
of the military situation soon were to lead
T.J.S..decisionmakers to set aside this pla_n-
? fling process. An ostensible cutback of 1,000
men did take place in December, 10a3, but
this was essentially an accounting exercise
--and the U.S. force level prior to the re-
duction had already reached 16,732 in Octo-
ber, 1963. By December, 1064, U.S. strength
had risen to 2:3 COO and In -t deeoloythents
were on theApproved For Release.
,
?
What, then, did the whole phased with, t
dravl exercise accomplish? It may have
To
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The Jo l/owing are excerpts fror,l, the text
of the sw-inucti-if and angtysis of that soction
of tile nint,:::gon papers dealing with. the
cvolvtiop, of the Vietvant war from, 1962 to
196.
impeded demands for more men
reo.!-Iey,- but this ,is doubtful. If the
mi:.etic reports on the situation in SVN were
to be believed, and they apparently were,
little more would have been requested. It
may have frightened the GYM, but it did
not induce Diem or his successors- to re-
form the political apparatus or make
RVNAF fight harder. It may have con-
tributed, however, to public. charges about
the admiuLtration's credibility and over-
optimism about the end of the conflict.
?
A I
and
opti-
-Despite the carefully worded White Nouse
announcement of the phase-out policy on
October 2, 1603, tentative Johnson adramis?
tration. judgments came to be regarded by
the public as firm predictions. While this an-
nouncement made clear that the U.S. effort
would continue "until the insurgency has
been suppressed or until the national secu-
rity forces of the ?GVN are capable of .sup-
pressing it," the public tended to foods on
the prognosis which .followed? "Seci-etary
McNamara and General Taylor reported
their judgment that the major part of the
U.S. military task can .be completed by tile
end of i9ci5 "In August,- 1.664, Mr. Mc-
Namara further exPlained the policy: "We
have said---as a metier of fact, 'T say today?
as our training missions are completed, we
will bring back the training forces."
- Quite apart from what was actually ac-
complished by the phase-out policy and the
costs in terms of domestic political percep-
tion of administration statements on Viet-
nam there are some important lessons to be
theeeel:ereise. \ That was the wIllvlevi'A
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With 40 different nations involved, discus-
sion is long and decisions come slow, but I
- am convinced that this kind of world dia-
logue is leading in the direction we must go
to eventually solve our food distribution and
farm in come problems.
HILDA DRUNGOT--A DISTIN-
GUISINSD LEGISLATIVE RECORD
Mr. Mell's;TYRE, Mr. President, rarely
do I have the opportunity to share with
my colleagues the- story of anyone as
remarkable as the New Hampshire Gen-
eral Court's venerable Republican legisj-
lator, Mrs Ililcia P,rungot of Berlin, N.H.
Few legislators have contributed as
much to our State. Few could exemplify
as well the teal meaning of the term
"public servant."
The daughter of a Norwegian immi-
grant who himself served our State as
a distinguished representative, Mrs.
33rungot began her life in public service
-at 40 as a' delegate to the New Hampshire
Constitutional Convention in 1930. ?
That very same year she succeeded
her father as a representative in the
New Hampshire Legislature, beginning a
record of service spanning 18 2-year
terms, perhaps the longest legislative
? record of any woman in U.S. history.
Mrs. Brungot, now beyond her 80th
birthday, could have chosen long ago to
settle -back into a less active role, but
. that would have wasted her valuable ex-
perience and insight. Instead she has
? found time to involve herself in a wide
range of activities, and to this day few
. representatives in our State's legislature
? are more in evidence in committee and
on the floor during important debates.
Mr. President, Mrs. Brungot grew up
- In 1/10M diMelliti times and was forced
? to quit school early in life and with stub-
born Yankee independence educated her-
, self. She was certainly successful, but
just 4 years ago, at the age of 80, she took
time out to formalize it all: she earned
- a high school diploma.
Mr. President., this mother of six and
? - grandmother of many more has wit-
nessed profound changes and momentous
, events during her years of service?the
Great Depression, World War, the atomic
age, and much more. Her perspective and
youthful vigor is of great value, not only
to her friends in the legislature, but to
all who have come to know her.
? As a New Hampshire citizen who
greatly values her wisdom and greatly
'admires. her steadfast dedication to the
service of everyone in our State, I wish
her well in the years ahead. May she
serve our. .State and give us the benefit
of her counsel for many years to come.
? ?
?
THE PENTAGON DOCUMENTS
?
Mr. McGOVERN, Mr. President, por-
tions of the Pentagon documents con-
cerning the development of American
military involvement in Indochina are
becoming available in various leading
? newspapers.
I believe that the full Pentagon report
should be made available to the Congress
and the. public without further delay. In
the absence of a decision by the adminis-
tration to release the documents, I am
attempting to insert in the CONGIIF,S-
SIONAL 3.1ECCJItti those documents and
summaries appearing in the press.
Today, I sin submitting documents and
summaries appearing in the Boston
Globe of June 22. They show that covert
action against North Vietnam was or-
dered as early as 1961. They show that
Vietnamization has been with us since
1968, thus revealing just how great a
failure this 3-year policy has been. After
3 years of trying, we still have not been
able to Vietnamize the war. Of course,
It is just as immoral to do that as it is
to carry it on with American forces.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the articles and summaries'
from the Boston Globe be printed at this
point in the Rlicosp.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the REcoaD
as follows: ?
SECRET PENTAGON DOCUMENTS DARE JFK ROLE
IN VIETNAM WAR?KENNEDY OK'D COVERT
ACTION
, (13y Robert. Healy)
Gen. Maxwell Taylor in October of 1961
advised President Kennedy in an "eyes only
for the President" cable to send 8000 man
US military task force into South Vietnam
but ho warned that the introduction of such
a force "may increase tensions and risk es-
calation into a major war in Asia." ?
Gen. Taylor was special adviser to Presi-
dent Kennedy on Vietnam.
At the time of the Taylor mission, which
took him and Walt Roe tow, later to be Presi-
dent Johnson's chief adviser on national se-
curity affairs, and a group of state and de-
fense department officials to South Vietnam,
the United States had about 1000 soldiers in
South Vietnam. They served as advisers to
the South Vietnamese Army.
President Kennedy stepped up covert ac-
tions against North Vietnam and increased
the num.ber of advisers to 16,000 men before
be was assassinated in November of 1003. lie
never committed a United States ground
unit as Taylor recommended.
These disclosures Were made in a, portion
of a secret Pentagon study on the origins of
the war in Vietnam started in 1.957 by then
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. They
were made available to the Boston Globe
yesterday. ?
For the first time the Globe was making
public the role of the Kennedy administra-
tion in the escalation of the war. Three ear-
lier reports dealing with other phases of the
war were published by the Now York Times
an(' two by the Washington Post before pub-
lication was halted by court injunctions.
As early as May 11, 1961, President Ken-
nedy, according to the secret report, had ap-
proved programs for covert action which had
been recommended by a Vietnam Task Force,
Amond these actions were:
(1) Dispatch of agents into North Viet-
nam.
(2) Aerial resupply of agents in North
Vietnam through the use of civilian mer-
cenary air crews.
(3) Infiltration of special South Vietnam
forces into Southeast Laos to locate and at-
tack Communist bases and lines of com-
munication. ?
(4) Formulation of "networks of resistance,
covert bases and teams for sabotage and
light harassment" inside North Vietnam.
(5) Conduct of overflights of North Viet-
nam for the purpose of dropping leaflets.
These covert acticms whic'h were approved
by President Kennedy were contained, ac-
cording to the Pentagon study, in a National
Security Action Memorandum number 52.
Aboutithe time that the cable was received
by President Kennedy, the President, accord-
ing to the Pentagon study, directed (among
other measures that we "initiate guerrilla
0140Q0t
1971
ground action, including the use of US ad-
visers if necessary" against Communist serial
resupply missions in the vicinity of Tchepone
(Sepone, Laos),
"Ile also directed the Department of State ,
to prepare to publish its White Paper on
DRV (North Vietnam) responsibility for ag-
gression in SVN (South Vietnam)," the study
showed.
In the Pentagon study's evaluation of the
two 'cables sent to President Kennedy by STATI NT
Taylor, it said that the impression Taylor's
choice of language leaves is that the support S TA-TI NT
forces "were essentially already agreed to by
the President before Taylor left Washington,
and consequently his detailed justification
went only to the kind of forces on which ?a
decision was yet to be made--that is, ground
forces liable----to becoine involved in direct
engagements with the Viet Cong."
In his first cable of the mission (Oct. 15
to Nov. 2, 1901) sent from Saigon, Taylor
wrote the President and the top officials at
State and Defense: "My view is that we
should put in a task force consisting largely
of logistical troops for the purpose of partici-
pating in flood relief and at the same time
of providing a U.S. military presence ill VN
capable of assuring Ditlqii (PITSidellt Ngo
Dinh Diem) of our readiness to join him in
a military showdown with the Viet Cong or
Viet Minh. To relate the Introduction of
these troops to the needs of flood relief eleeDIS
to use to oiler considerable advantages in VN
and abroad. It gives a specific humanitarian
task RS the prime reason for the coining of
ottr troops. . . ."
Despite the Taylor recommendations for a
U.S task force, there was no hint publicly
at that time out of the White House that the
President would go along.
Upon his return from Vietnam Taylor said
to lleWSlYlell that President Diem bad assets
available "to prevail against the Communist
threat."
President Kennedy on the subject of Viet-
nam and the Taylor mission at a press con-
ference on Feb. LI, 1932, said that President
Diem had asked for additional assistance.
The administration, lie said, had detailed the
support which the Viet Minh in the North
were giving to this Communist insurgent
movement and we have increased our assist-
ance there. And we are supplying logistical
assistance, transportation assistance, train- f
ing, and we have a number of Americans who
are taking part in that effort."
- Kennedy did not mention the Taylor rec.- -
or?mendatiOnS for a U.S, task force Or
whether the United State.s was considering
one.
- TERROR ANT) MISTS
Taylor in his cable to the President said
that Viet Cone; forces one tenth the size of
the South Vietnamese Army regulars could
create conditions of frustration and terror
which was certain to lead to a political Crisis.
In his list of specifics Taylor said that the
US government should support the effort to
stop the Viet Cong" with equipment and with
military units and personnel to _do those
tasks which the Armed Forces of Vietnam
cannot perform in time."
Taylor recommended the troop commit-
ment despite full recognition of what he
listed as disadvantages. Among these:
"A. The strategic reserve of US forces is
presently se weak that we can ill afford any
detachment of forces to a peripheral area.
of the Communist bloc where they will be -
pinned down for .an uncertain duration.
"13. Although US prestige is already engaged
in SVN, it will become more so by the send-
ing of troops.
"C. If the first contingent is not enough
to accomplish the neceseary results, it will be
difficult to resist the pressure to reinforce.
If the ultimate result sought is the closing
of the frontiers and the elean-up of the in-
surgents within SVN, there is no limit to our
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Approved .For Release 2004103/041TCIAURbPeg-TM1k0
? 2,1 JUN 1971
0
7QL,,,
1, .11
boNes (Bitddhist monks)
I .1 rl We are going to be throw
Ili ,-.) E ,, -
'-` r out of the country in six
months.
; Would Not Separate
n ? n
?i M(11
[i II Ft
:??:??;`--1 k,?;'?J
???"1-le stated that at this
11 juncture it would be bet-
ter for us to make the tied-
(r AP, sion to get out honorably.
1 ???
?
He went on to say that,
having been acquainted
? with Diem for 10 years, he
was deeply disappointed .
in him, saying that he NVIII ?
not separat e. from his
brother. It was Kattcn-
burg's 'view that. Diem will
get little support from the
military"and, as time goes
on. he ?vill get less and less
support ? and the country
will go steadily downhill,
'Gen. (Maxwell D.) Tay-.
.lor (then chairman of the
Joint C h ie f s of Staff)
asked what Kattenburg
Meant when he. said that
We would be forced out of
krt.lak's inemor;--ihrlum is included
A in pi eviously unpublished sections
K LY, rs.:1 of. ;the. report that The Times has oh-
' ? -1 tamed. The sections are from the
?
came liefitag,on study that were the
? ?? ?
y. OP subject- of. previous. stories in the
? ? .
New York Times, Washington Post
r C !!! ? and Boston Globe. It was prepared
g
`,,J,SJO 1?A d I by a team of Pentagon analysts un
dee 'a 'directive. from McNamara in
. . ' 196S. The analysts had ? access to
:BY STUNBT LOORY ? documents only on file in the. Dc-
'knee Department. The analysts did
Timt,s Staff Writar
?--; ? , ? not have access to the complete files
N.0 Ica toe
- ? ? at the White House or State Depart-.,
first . time that the ?Unitcd Eitates ment. . - ' Vietnam within .stx
faced 'a can't-win. situation in the The meeting Krulak'deseribes was months Kattenburg re-
Vietnam' *war,- President John F.,. called as ? a "whei?e-do-we-go-from? plied . that ?in from six
Kennedy's National Security 'Conn- 'her" session after a group of SaIs?on inonths to a year, as pen--
?eil'in AuguSt, 1963; rejected the Tee- gene-rats ,faile.d to bring off a coup; plc see we are losing the'
a=???ainst inc increasingly unpopular li?ar, they will gradually
(i-luncncla.tion of a State Department . regime headed by Diem. ' -:- go to the other side and we
,expert on Vietnam to pull out honor- The meeting was a key session in will be obliged to leave.
.
? ably; the. Pentagon's top:secret -his- the period from May to No- ' ...Rusk dismissed the view
'tory of ?the war st-iii. - , v,ember, 1963, d u r 1 n g
- lns:tead, Secretary of State,. Dean which non-Communist op-
Rusk jut dOwn such talk frbm one. position to the . Diem re-
cif his subordinates as "speculative," dole grew rapidly and
? saying: . - , -... ? eventually boiled over into,
. "It w?rould be -far' better for us to the overtinow of Diem and
.itart on the firm basis of two thinzs the assassination of him
-.----that we will not pull out of Viet- and his brother Ngo Dinh
nam? until the war is won, ?and that Nhu on NOV. 2.
we will not run a coup." . ? ' - During the National Se-
? ? -.? - cvrity Council session,
? ' 'Overruled Expert Named ?
. . Kattenburg advanced the
? The expert overruled by Rusk was 'suggestion that, in Kru-
Paul M. Elattenburg,. then head of labia words, "At this junc-
the State Department's Vietnam lure it would be better for
Worki,ng Group. who had dealt with us to make the decision to
President Ngo Dinh Diem of South get, out honorably."
Viethaill for 10 years: Then-Vice r--The complete text of
President ?Lyndon B. Johnson and Krulak's report.on Katten-
.Seeretary of Defense 'Robert S. Mc-- bm?g's presentation said: ?
Namara, among other important of- "Mr. Kattenburg stated
ficials, backed Rusk's view, the ac- that as recently as last
?count says.- -? - - -
...,? ? ? ? . - ? 1. hursdaY it was the belief,
. ? The report on the session, heki ? ,. at of. Ambassador (Henry Ca-
the State Department and chaired bot) Lodge Or.) that, if we
by Rusk in President Kennedy's undertake tO live with this .
. absence, is Contained in a menioran-? repressive regime, with its
.! dum written by Marine Maj. Gen. bayonets at every street
A tic! McNamara agreed.
-Rusk then went on to say
there was "good proof,' in
Krulak's term, that the war
ivas being won. Lyndon
ol-inson agreed, saying
that "from both a practical
bud a political viewpoint,
. It would be a disaster to
pull out; that we should
top playing cops and rob-
bers and get back to talk-'
lug straight to the GVN
.(Saigon government). and
that we should once again
o about 'winning- the
par."
Sharply Critical
The Pentagon report on
She meeting was sharply
'critical of the delibera-
- flops. It spoke of the offi-
?.:cials' "rambling inability'
;to focus the' problem, in- ?
ylced to reach common
,agreement on the nature of
She problem."
The report continues:
Victor C. Krulak, then the Pent a? corner and its ti amp I "M o r e impo rtantly,
son's top expert on counterinsur- negotiations with puppet
. _ however, the meeting is
gency. Approved. For Release 2001/?/04: CIA-ROPt0-brittitR000i001140001-3
,
E03TO-IT GLOM
Approved for Release 200170310411:0A-RDP80-01
. 3:1! ?
?TATINTL
yr!)
v
7-11
Ci; (FP}-tin
0
By Darius S. Thabvala
Globe Staff
A. key Johnson Administration
military . adviser had proposed in
in 1964 that tactical nuclear weapons
would bas. to..be deployed if Com-
munist Chinese ' forces entered the
ground war 'in Vietnam. Admiral
Harry D. Felt, then thc.; commander
in chief of the, Pacific forces, em-
phatically demanded also that com-
manders be given the freedom to
use such weapons "as had been as.:
sumed under various plans."
' This question, among others, was
discussed among hi top advisers at
The Honolulu conference, June l-2,
Ci34.
Foflowinz.>: the meeting, President
. Johnson asked his advisers the
basic question: "Would the rest of
Southeast Asia necessarily fail if
Laos and South Vietnam came under
'North Vietnamese control?"
J.- On June 9, the Board of National
Estimates of the 'Central Intelli-
gence...Agency, provided a response,
staling:
. "With the possible exception. of
Cambodia, it is likely that no nation
in the area would. quickly succumb
- to Communism as a result of the fall
of Laos and South Vietnam, Further-
more, a continuation of the spread of
Comthunism, in the area would not be
inexorable-. and any spread which did
occur would take time -.----- time in
- which the total situa.tion might
? change. in any number of Nvays un-
favorable to the Cominunist cause."
These and other details are part
of the on Vietnam study that was
made for Defense Department. .
.The E;tate Department approach-
ed the Honolulu conference "with
a basic assumption," namely "our
point of departure is and must be
that We cannot accept the overrun-
ning of southeast Asia by Hanoi and
Peking." ?
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
Beyond this, the discussions
"were intended to help clarify
is-
sues with respect to exerting pres-
sures against . North Vietnam." The
joint Chiefs of Staff recommended
that .'-'the US should seek through
military actions to accomplish de-
struction of the North Vietnamese
will and capabilities as necessary to
compel the Democratic Government
of Vietnam to cease .proViding sup-
port .to the insurgencies in South
Vietnam and Laos."
LIMITED ACTION
?? However, The JCS went on to
note that "some current thinking
appears to 'dismiss rine objective in
favor of a lesser objective,- one vis-
ualizing limited military action
which, hopefully, would cause the
North Vietnamese to decide to ter-
minate their .subversive support."
During discussions of the extent
of new military action, Ambassador
Henry Cabot Lodge "argued-in favor
of attacks on north." He is reported
to have stated "his conviction that
most support for the Viet Cong
'would fade as soon as some 'counter-
terrorism in were begtin
against bRv."
Discussions , then turned to the
desirability of obtaining a eongres-;
sional. resolution prior to wider US
action. Lodge felt that it would not
be necessary; since the. US 'response
would be on a 'tit-for-tat" basis.
But Defense Secretary 'McNamara,
Busk and CIA Director John McCone
all argued in 'favor of the resolution.
Gen. Maxwell U. Taylor, chair-
man of the Joint Chiefs, then raised
"the final possibility" of Chinese
involvement. Were that to.occur,.the
allies would require "seem .ground
divisions." .
"Secretary .7\1cNaniara then went
on to say that the possibility of major
ground action also led to a serious
question of having to use nuclear
weapons at some point," the reports
points out, ."Admiral Felt responded
emphatically that there was no pos-
sible way to hold off the Communists
011 the ground without the use of
tactical nuclear weapons and that it
v:ras essential. that the commanders
be given freedom to use these as had
been assumed undervarious plans,"
it added.
Gen. Taylor was "more doubtful
as .to. the existence or at least to the
degree of the nuclear weapon re-
quirement."
"The point, the report concluded,
"was not really followed up."
Approved .For Release 20i#0113:1/VITTClik-RDP80-0
?1 0 JUN 1971
Mies Do,
On Viet
14.5 ? ? Fast
071
.By George Lardner Jr.
? Washington Post Staff Write:
"The Pentagon Papers"
went on sale here yesterday
with the government lining
up as one of the biggest buy-
ers of the once-secret docu-
ments.
The Pentagon and the
CIA ordered nearly 100 cop-
ies of the paperback book,
according to the Washington
distributor and local book-
sellers.
The publisher of the news-
paper series originally
printed in The New York
Times said the Navy or-
dered 2,000 more books di-
rect from the printing plant.
"It's only been on sale for
a few hours and it's already
In a league with "The
,French Lieutenant's
Woman' and 'The Gang That
Couldn't Shoot Straight.' "
said Ken Terhune of Dis-
trict News Co., the Washing-
ton-area distributor.
? In New York, at the head-
quarters of the book's pub-
lisher, Bantam Books, Inc.,
there was even more enthu-
siasm. Brisk orders from Eu-
rope, especially West Ger-
many, the publishing house
sale:, are even outdistancing
'Everything You Always
Wanted to Know About
Sex," at least in English.
Trucks for the Washing-
ton distributor began pick-
ing up their first order of
12,500 copies at Dulles Inter-
national Airport at 3 a.m. BY
midafternoon, Terhune said,
they Were all on the book-
racks with another batch of
25,000 on the way.
"As far- as a New York
Times book goes," he said,
"it's far better than any-
thing we've ever handled."
The CIA ordered 25 copies
direct from District News.'
Close to 1,000 more went on
sale at shops in the Penta-
gon, including the news-
stand where' Secretary of
Defense Melvin R. Laird's
office asked for "about 20"
copies and other defense
agencies ordered some 30
more.
"It's really quite re:'
markable," said Esther Mar-
golis of Bantam Books,?
where executives had ini-
tially contemplated a first
printing of 175.000. Instead,
they settled on 500,000 and
yesterday 'afternoon decided
on a second printing of
50,000. -
The first of the $2.25 Pap-
erback editions began roll-
ing off the presses at Ban-
tam's Chicago plant only
Wednesday night.
"Foreign interest," Miss
Margolis said, "has been ex-
traordinarily high. In West
Germany, we got orders for .
15,000. That's the highest
ever for a Bantam book -
there, including 'Everything
You Always Wanted to
Know About Sex,' Valley of
the Dolls,' and Portnoy's
Complaint.' "
Stars and Stripes, she
added, ordered 2,000 copies.
for sale at armed forces PX
stores in Europe and the
U.S. Information Agency
put in for 250, presumably
for its libraries around the
world.
On the level of just plain
readers, Terhune said that
some of Washington's larger
bookships and department
stores reported selling as
many as 100 copies of the se-
cret Vietnam war history
within an hour or two.
But some were blase. "Ws
just a compilation of articles
from The New York Times."
said a spokesman for the So-
viet embassy. "I don't see
the necessity of buying it, /
now." Of the CIA's order, he
said with a chuckle, 'Maybe
they have more money than
we have." ?
There was also, Miss Mar-
golis said, a strange silence ,
from Saigon. "We have a
distributor in South Viet-
nam," she reported, "but our
export department cabled
him yesterday for the third
time. We haven't gotten any
answer yet, which is sort of
unusual."
STATI NTL
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3,
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001103/04: CIA-RDP80-01601
DAYTON, OHIO
NEVIS tPdAY 2 8 1,11,
? E - 161,249
S - 215,360
,---: ?fif'
' ..
)4.-41 fr : -, A 0 ? 0 /3- 0 0. "p'
75 f (-:.-: 1.; (7.2377D 7: (-11 771: Cl' ii VII V (---??,..'im il
1
: if J, ?,,'1 ce> 19 v.::,. ii 0 ?Li/ eii,rcy ... 1.'. iL ti1,ty .zz) .,.."
' ? . ? 40,
? ,'( -
. ,
7-f-A 1,1 t:// (r-:4---12. ?
? - "Fr
:.,?The Defense department and the Cell-
i tral intelligence agency are arguing over
the meaning of some holes in the ground,
like ,ancients interpreting chicken en-
trails. The issue is as important as it is
confusing, and congressional action on it
either commit billions more to
. nuclear weaponry Or endanger the seen-
rity of us all:
? The holes, GO, of them, are in Soviet mis-
sile fields, and they are larger than any
other holes our spy satellites have. ever
spotted. This has led the Defense depart-
ment to conclude that the RUssians are
preparing sites for a new generation of
.nuclear missiles----perhaps one that car-
. riee sever al independently-targeted
11-bombs in its nose.
? On March 10 Secretary Melvin Laird
'confirmed that ?''the Soviet Union is
Involved in a new ? and apparently
extensivc?ICBM construction program."
He said the Pentagon might ask Congress
lor a supplemental appropriation-to coun-
ter the threat. ,
. Now the New York Times reports that
\-/ the C.,L4....has rejected the Laird analysis.
CIA expert's, says the Times, have con-
' ? chided the larger holes arc for concrete
liners meant to "harden" missile sites
, against enemy strikes?a defensive tactic
77-7.)
rro-tnri-, 0
/.1 II i bc..) Lt.
'C'
the United States has already employed at
its Minuteman sites. .
, F.videnee for this is that most of the
larger holes have been dug in existing
SSI1 missile fields. SSIls are relatively
small missile's, and arms experts say
there is no r e a :4 o n 'why huge new
missiles would be placed among them.
Also, the CIA reportedly has pictures of ?
concrete liners which have already ar-
rived at the sites. The liners are not big
enough. around to accommodate large
missile. .
. ?
It Comes down to a question of int en-
lion. If the Soviet goal is to acquire a '-
first-strike capability that would render.
the United States unable to respond to a
surprise attack, we have no choice but to
keep a jump ahead of their nuclear
technology, and the jumps,go by billions of
dollars.
The confusion is still another reason for
the United States to press the Russians',
hard in- the strategic arms negotiations..
If the Soviet Union is not plotting for a
first-strike advantage, it has little reason;
to hesitate about limiting offensive
weapons. A treaty would spare Russia:
the vast new spending that 'would be
forced on it if -Washington mistakes re-4
furbished silos for new missiles and pace,s
the ,t,.trms race into another lap.
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TiRt0 (TV,AA!? 1 )
Approved For Relea4ke120011/03/04 : CIA-k6igiNCTI-60
EljA
? 0
fiJc
cV-
"1e 1105 comunica 90% dos informaL
.coes do quo clispho c nos doixa adivinhar
o rosto.", A opiniao 6 do urn senador
do
Partido Eepliblicano c traduz bem o
sucesso alcancado por Richard Helms,
atuabdiretor da CIA, na dificil tavola de
fazer amigos. Helms 6 realmente um
homem de grande tato politic? qua tern
0 clom raro de inspirar conlianca inclu-
sive .1cptioles quo, pot silos lunches, po-
deriam desconfiar
Suit carreira como seria do esperar
num hind? de James Bond, muito mais
eficiente no uso do. cerebro do quo no
man* do revolver ? foi obscura ate
? quando so viu guindad? 6 chcfia da
? ?
Richard Helms, muito tempo na ponumbra
-?
Agenda Central do Inte14,-,encia. Mas
pouca.s pessoas em tocin o !nuncio par-
ticiparam nos illtimos vinte anos too
all-
vamente da luta trovada nos bastidurcs
da politica internacional. Entre as mui-
tas proczas de Helms, he" ulna do 'quo
ele so orgulha de modo especial. Ela so
relaciona corn urn episocii? famoso:
entreg?tt polo CIA, no Tito New York
Ti-
fllCS, cm junho do 190, do informe se-
cret? apresentado par Nikita rruschev
ao xx Congress? do mus, 0 doemnento
eXplOC1111. COMO ? tuna bomba moo do
ocidental c a sun divulgacao apressou
process? de desestalinizac6o. Entretanto,
a parte final do texto era falso. Para
aprolundar as dissonshes interims no
campo conumista C os atritos ?entre
Washington e 1\loseou, a CIA act-est:on-
ion trinto c dois pontos ao reloterio de
Kruschev. 0 efeito foi semsocional, Mais
torde, pssi'itos em "kremlinologia" procc-
deram a tuna annse minuciaso das pas-
sagens forjada.s c clegaram a conolusrao
do quo o cstilo era perfeitamcnte
tic() an do document?, assernelhando-se
ao de Kruschev coma duos gobs do Agua
entre- si. Dick Helms foi o ;tutor princi-
pal do falsificacao.
UnipoIk"U d:1'..-;"'CI-ite. Helms tern as
maneiras do tun geniis:man, o so ecu Jo ire
do urn diplomata de carreira e sabe sor-
rir c fakir C01110 UM americano da classe
media. Em p00e0 tempo, construiu uma
reputacao de honesticiade e franqueza
quo. favorccen a sun imagem. Contr6ria-
memte a sous prodoce.ssores, Da0 6. um
homer:" rico e, em VOL de so fechar numa
tone do marfim, mantem uma vida
so-
intensa, contand? numerosos ami-
gos intro a classe politica.
Oficialmente, tem agora urna tripla
responsabilidadc: C dirctor do CIA, pre-
sidente do United States Intelligence
Board e dire ion do Servico de Informa-
ches Central (Dm). Cabe-llie a tarefa
delicada do filh?ar C sintetizar as infor-
maceies colhidas pclos servicos socretos
- :-
americanos e levO-las, clepois, ao conhc-
cimento do Presidente da B.cp-Oblica c do
Congress?. Quanclo o Conselho Nacio-
?nal de Scg,uranca se re-time, 6 Ole quem
? abre as sess5es, corn um inforrne sobro
a situacao existemto ern tOclas as Omits
?- nevrAlgicas do 'nuncio. .
. Cornnutaclores egolps-i-3. 0 QG da
CIA 05."0 correspancle 6 ii", , ue c161,,,
forma!'" os leitores de romances de ' Tse-tung ? c as ameacas de subvcrsno
no Tereeiro Mundo.
espionagern. P urn -s6lido eclificio de oito ? la
and ares quo Se eleva as margins do Po-
tomac, em Langlev, urn subirrbio do
.Washin2ton. Assinalam os visitantes quo
nos correrlores c solos nao c
se urn revolver. Em contrapartida, 116 no
predio um grande mini-tern de computa-
domes cm Conejo:lit:I-lento pennons:lite.
MilhOes de fichas perfuradas sao cligeti-
das todos os dias por essas mAquinos
aperfeicoadissintas. 11 clots gosta do dim-
STATIN1
quo n'Th existe munda um sistema do
coldta de. in lormacs to gjgantesco
porfeito.
. Entretanto, o pr6prio gigantism? da
CIA C a sua inclopenclenc,ia acabam as-
sustando ate os que dela prceisam. A
Agemcia 6 urn Estado dentro do Estado,
Tom a ma politica c nao espora ordens
pain se lancar en" iniciatiyas que gcram
crise5. mundiais, B ninguetin, nem mes-i,
mo o Pi-ea.-N-1k: dos EuA, pod. ostabole-
cer corn exatidao a fronteira dos ativicla- ?
des da Agencia. JO faxen; parte da his-
t6ria as noticios sobre sua presenca na
derrubada do regime de Jacob? Arbenz
Guzman no Guatemala, cm 1054; na
preparacio do malogrado iliaqUe a Cuba,
cm 1931; no golpo contra Ngo Dinh
Diem, cm Saigon, cm 1933; e na luta
antiguerrilha clue tenninou corn a morte
de "Cho" Guevara, em 1937, no Boli-
via. Mas a londa tecida cm torn? da CIA
atingiu tamanhas proporches quo a ikgen-
eia C responsabilizacia pela quase tota-
lidado dos pipes de Estado ocorriclos ?
em paises do Tercoir? Niunclo, Ate nos
EUA, politicos c jornalistas demnicia-
ram o seu onvolvimento no derruhada de
Norodom Sihanouk, no assassinio do Ge-
neral Bone Schneider, no scqiiestro
Pedro Aramburu e na corrupcao do di-
rigentes de conhccidas fundaches C. da
Associacao Nacional do Estudante.s (NsA).
Tornou-so impossivel marcor a linha di-
' visoria entre a verclade c.rt fantasia.
A datxtonfianciti cc M:on. De certo
mod?, a C:I A 6 vitima da aura de man
maquiavelismo quc se foyjou cm Volta
de sou name. Segi,und9 a revista Lo Non-
vel Obseruatettr, a?:ohirtir?idade, do novo
chefs: da cia estari4teocupando a Pre-
sidents" Nixon quo toria encarregado um
de setts amigos o General Cushman, de
mante-lo dcbaixo do Ohio. Helms, na opi-
niao do alguns observadora, considera
urn esbanjamento a construcao do siste-
ma Anm, de misscis antimisseis, cujo
custo total seni .provavelmente- de 40
babes de Mores. Bealista, tonic muito
menos a unss do clue a China ? apesar
da nova diplomacia de sorrisos de Mao
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'
Approved For ReleaseV2061103/04 : CIA-RDP80-0
20 MAY 1971
STATINTL
FT
Sq ?d\ , 3[rs th
?
. By RICK NAGIN
' ATLANTIC CITY, May I9:---The
Computer People for Peace held
an anti-war -rally here today on
; the boardwalk in front of Conven-
' II:?.11 where the Spring Joint
ICOniozfer Conference (SJCC)
Was holding its anLai rafeting. -
The SJCC, brings teg,21.lier mem-
bers of all c.:imputer p:ileadonal
societies to discu:.3 latest deve:op-
tr.ents and enif int ti; splays of
:fteW.machinery.
. About ROOD people, nearly all
'white men representing the cor-
porations, universities, various
police and governmental agen-
cies, the CIA and the FBI, attend-
ed the conference. The theme of
? the conference was "Responsib-
ility."_.
;
1..
Speaking at the anti-war rally,
attorney Flo Kennedy quoted the
SJCC program and stated that the.
responsibility referred to was ob-
viously responsibility to the mili-
tary-industrial complex estab-
lishment (MICE).
Hundreds at rally
Several hundred people at the
rally cheered as speakers ex-
posed the involvement of the com-
puter industry in racism, repres-
sion and war.
. Ihe Computer People for Peace
"
(CPP) yesterday demanded the
right to speak at the SJCC session
on "computers in law, enforce-
ment," and to expose the repres-
sive threats posed by police use of
advanced computer technology.
? They were refused but won the
_right to ask Questions at an ex-
: panded session, after speeches by
Lt. Daniel Cawley of the New
,;.. York City Police Department,
f-
and by Herbert Avram, who dis-
?cussed a cOmputer system he
developed for the CIA.
Avram refused to discuss the
? CIA's interest in his system, when
.... asked by the CPR
Jerome Daunt of the F.131
had been scheduled to discuss the
National Crime Information Cen-
ter, a central computer connect-
, ,ing local police departments in all
? states with the Fp, but he did not
,
show up. The CF'P had prepared a
warrant to seize him on a citizen's
arrestjor conspiracy to violate
:the civil rights of the American
people.
The CPP also won the right to
;.?-hold its own session, which in-
! 'eluded panels on data bank's, mm
.ority groups and women in the
? Industry, computers in the mill-
: - tary, unemployment and health
LSystems. - ?
?Jr'
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP8041601R000100140001-8
FAR HORIZONS
Approved For Releao2Oter10/810211.VIPPRIDIP80-01601R
Spring 1972
Reference Ms
Relleased
In March '1972, the Library of
Congress began public dissemination
of selected Central Intelligence
Agency reference . aids through
its Document Expediting Project
(DOC:EX).
DOCEX provides subscribers (uni-
versity, collGge, State, and public
libraries) with. U.S. Government
publications not available for pur-
chase either at the Government
Printing Office or at the issuing
agency. The subscriber selects the
Publications desired at an annual fee
ranging from $175 to $525. No back
issues are available.
CIA reference aids planned under
this service will include:
*Chiefs of State and Cabinet Mem-
bers of Foreign Governments
Directory of Soviet Officials, Vol.
? I ? National Organizations '
Directory of Soviet Officials, Vol.
II ? RSFSR (Russian. Socialist
Federated Soviet Republic)
Directory of Headquarters Person-
nel, USSR Ministry of Foreign
Affairs
Appearances of Soviet Leaders
Directory of People's Republic of
China Officials
Appearances and Activities of
Leading Personalities of the
People's Republic of China
'Directory of Albanian Officials
Directory of Bulgarian Officials
Directory of Czechoslovak Of-
ficials
Directory of Hungarian Officials ?
Directory of Polish Officials
Directory of Romanian Officials
DireCtory of Yugoslav Officials -
Directory of East German Officials
Directory of Cuban Officials
Leadership Wall Charts
Directory of Ukrainian Officials
Inquiries concerning- these publica-
tions should-be addressed to:
Documentation Expediting Project
(DOCEX)
Exchange and Gift Division
Library of Congress ?
Washington, D.C. 20540
TN
III II Athe
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Approved FoFillAWA$46,RA0g/184-.
0,37C1k tItT-
Aigi10
JoLl
2744 0
0:327,;!
6
"
17-7'LC-:;!.1
rl
:
I 11,
A Li C.,
s,
?
?
Latest fad among antiwar people in this area is to use
the telephone credit card number of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency (CIA) to make long-distance phone calls.
Only it isn't the right number. -
The number in ciuestion is being passed by word of
mouth and the underground press. I've gotten it from
four different sources. In each case, I've gleefully been
told that it is a marvelous way to plague the CIA and to
register an off-beat complaint against the war in
Vietnam.
?
Well, it's also a marveloUs way to go to jail and/or pay
a fine. There's a federal law against fraudulent use of
a telephone credit card.- It carries a maximum of five
years and $1,000 fine. The. penalty depends on how
much the call costs. Under $100 it's a misdemeanor
(90 days) and mofe than $100 it's a felony (up to five
years).
"Wait until the CIA gets the phone bill," said one
thusiastic user. "The number's been spread all over
the country and people are calling all over the world
on it. It should get them to take notice." It also should
get the taxpayers who aren't getting free long-distance
phone calls to take notice. I mean, where does the
money come from?
-
contacted the CIA, located just outside Washington,
D.C., and a spokesman said he hadn't heard of any such
use of any telephone credit numbers. Knowing the
. CIA, that doesn't mean much. They are inclined not
to have heard "officially" about anything.
Our Washington Bureau did some checking, .however,
And determined that the number is not of Washington,
but of New York City. It is being investigated by the
New York security office of the phone company.
. The number does, indeed, belong to a legitimate credit
card. The telephone company has a code known to all
operators to determine quickly if a card is right. Most
. such numbers have. 10 digits and a final letter of the
alphabet. The letter is a code for one of the digits, and
that must match before a call will be placed:
. ?
? A spokesman for NorthWestern Bell, Wyman Thorson,
checked Out the number for me. He determined that
It is in New York and that it doesn't belong to the
CIA. 1-le could not tell me to whom or what it belongs,
. except that it has nothing to do with- the government.
So, it's another hoax like that of actor Paul Newman.. A
number purporting to be his is still being passed about-
the country. The story there is that he has offered it
for anyone's use. He denies it, and the telephone com-
pany reports it's not even his number.
?
Approved For P(41
/phoneVs?. 2001/08013c:i019CRDPOCAtilloy 001 00140001 -8
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80
STATI NTL
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
EXAMINER
! ? 204,749
' EXAMINER 8: CHRONICLE
? 640,004 ?
_
?
, 7 ;b ? ?
Bob ons Ytc:,i,i1,2
.111Pn?????????e*-
Pcpe117:77
ai
?
lejj ali cc,51 a Map
- ?
I don't know how you. feel about it, but I'm worried
about the big 'change that is taking place in this country.
We haven't gotten into either the war in Pakistan or the
one in Ceylon. This is the first time in a generation or two
- that we haven't joined in other people's wars.
That's not the America I knew, man and boy. Makes a
taxpayer want to hang his head in shame.
? What have we got against the Pakistani people and the
? Ceylonese? Why should we let these people fight their
wars without our going in there and helping them?
' It's just not Me us, and I plan to vote against this
administration at the earliest opportunity for depriving us
. of our traditional duty to intervene.
. Pretty soon we're going to have no use for- all our
troops and 71,.2, ton bombs, when Vietnam shuts down
about the year 2000 A.D. We'll feel: like fools if we don't
have a war to join and people to protect from godless
atheism and bring intg the eternal sunshine of the Free
.World. Right?
- We can't let opportunities like Pakistan and Ceylon
slip out of our finueys, as if we were some kind of dolts I
like the Russians, Red Chinese, Japanese, West Germans.
, Italians, English, French, Scandinavians, Swiss, the Vati-
? 'canese and other thriving peoples who are too dumb to. 4.
rush off to every war that pops its head.
* * *
? -
e_
I CALLED the Pentagon today, trying to get a clue to
our uncharacteristic conduct in the ease of the snubbed
wars in Pakistan and Ceylon and finally found a general
who would talk. I asked him point blank, "General, how
? Come e don't send troops to Dinajpur, Lalmanirhat and
support Mrs. Sirimavo Bahdaranalke? Don't we owe some
allegiance to Dudley Senanayake? What's our position on
Nagalingan Santnugathasan? Are we eschewing Rohana
Wijiwere? When are, we going to shore up the Sri Lanka
; Party?"
The general coughed nervously for a time, then sput-
tered, you .512al1 that, *sir?" He thought I was Sen.
Fulbrig,ht.
? "Okay," I said. "Shore up. S-h-o-r-e u-p."
"Well, Took," be said, "don't mention this to any
egotistical exemplar of the Eastern Establishment, or
cowardly commentator on CBS, but we just can't send our
advisors, B-52's, F-4's, F-105's, Ilueys, C-130's, defoliators,
aircraft carriers, PXs and Bob Rope in there until we get
? a few things straightened out."
Approved For Release-2001/03104 : CIA-RDP8M1601R000100140001-8
Like what, he was asked:
"Well, like finding out just where the fighting is going
on," the general said. "The only maps we havn, so Inn',
are from an Esso gas station in Hagerstown, Md. where I
live. I've asked the_ CI A...to check, but I suspect the.;,
be a little outdated. All they Say about that ? part .of toe
world is that it's all India, and one other thing."
? "What's that?"
"Don't drink the water."
"Where's that leave us, high and dry without a war to
send troops and stuff to?"
* * *
"DON'T YOU WORRY, Toots," the general boomed.
"Just as soon as we find out where this fightin's hap-
pened, and how to spell the names, by golly we'll jump in
there with both feet. We can't let those people go down the
drain, can we?"
? "Which people?" I asked.
"You know very well which people," he thundered.
"The people well go all out for, to save them from being
taken over by atheistic hordes from the West ? or is it
the East? Moreover, Nve'll send the vice president over
there to give morale talks to the troops, if necessary, plus
a brand_ new USO show featuring Martha Raye AND
Jane Fonda.
I thanked him, and sent my old war correspondent's
uniform to the tailor's to have it let out.
SLUM:ON
_ ?
Approved For Releasea0iiii63t64 CIA-RDP80-01
STATINTL
DIT.Q.n.-y.'S .71 mi. 1:111
Lif7-13q0 4-1E75
- -
STA TL
By Jack Anderson
International espionage is
seldom as efficient as the in-
ter-departmental spying that
goes on in Washington.
the DIA regularly gets a copy.
It is smuggled to them by
Adm. Thomas Moora,r, the
joint chiefs' chairman, who
has sufficient standing to get
on the distribution list.
To make unauthorized cop-
The rivalry between some ics of this sensitive .presiden-
government departments is so tial digest is akin to counter-
intense that they spy on
feiting holy writ. Yet our spies
ono
spotted a Moorer
another like suspicious whohave is entrusted with the ad-
miral's eyes-only messages,
furtively running off copies on
a DIA copying machine.
Another supe.rsccret docu-
ment is the State Depart-
ment's intelligence round-up
telligence Agency keeping from embassies around the
close surveillance. And when a world. The department guards
State Department employee this so jealously that it is
enters the Pentagon he takes stamped, "NODIS," which
means it isn't supposed to be
the same precautions as if he distributed outside State's
were entering enemy tern- own elite.
tory.
What they don't know, hew-
No daily document is more
ever, is that a Pentagon pi-
sensitive that "The President's geon in their midst runs off
Daily Intelligence Briefing-,,, unauthorized copies and
sneaks them in a plain brown
which the CIA prepares for manila envelope to the joint
President Nixon. It is loaded chiefs chairman and the DIA
with SI (Special Intelligence)
items, country by country, on director.
long sheets tucked into a ci Thus do government agen-
es, in the best cloak-and-
white folder with blue letter- dagger tradition, snoop upon
f To possess a copy of ()" ancther'
:?President's , private inte ii-
ience digest is the ultimate
status symbol. Those who see'
. it are men of consequence, in-
deed. But for the DIA, which
is eager to know what the CIA
knows, access to this exclusive
document is a matter of ut-
most priority..
Our own spies tell us that
spouses. The armed forces, for
Instance, watch each other
jealously. The Central Intelli-
gence Agency never makes a
move without the Defense In-
/
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000100140001-8 :
0
,
L
Approved For Release 200.1/03/04 ? q1A.fli,tDP811-0
? J 3
?
----_____.........,____._
L ri . . a ? 1
Lai 1-'111 del i tn. 11
ii
?.......?_____?__ ______
-in\ 0 ? 71-1-)
11-1;71-tr fim%
P:/(-`1-. ? Jo
?
By Art Buclztrald
It's very raie that the CIA gets caugnt flatfooted, but
the other day when Red China invited the United States
to send a table-tennis team to Peking, the Central In-
telligence Agency discovered it had no champion ping-
pong players in the organization whom it could send
along on the trip.
CIA officials were going crazy trying to find someone"
before the U.S. team left for Peking last Saturday.
In panic, the CIA officials decided to hold a crash
program in ping-pong. Neighbors who live around Lang-
ley:Va., where the top-secret agency is located, reported
seeing truckloads of ping-pong tables going through the
gates. -
They have reported that they can't sleep at night be-
. cause-of the noise of thousands of balls being hit had;
-V and forth across tine tables set up in the CIA gymnasium.
- Any agent who ever played ping-pong in 'boy's camp
or at the beach had been given leave from his regular
duties and brought to Langley in hopes he might be
developed into a champion ping-pong player before the
U.S. team took off for Peking.
The CIA .also held an Employees' Ping-Pong Tourna-
ment during lunch hour with cash prizes of up to
$100,000 of unaccountable futids to encousage more
:people to take up the sport.
. Yet., despite these desperate measures, officials of the
agency. are pessimistic that they'll be able to develop
anybody worthy of playing Red China at table tennis.
"What difference ,does it make if he isn't a cham-
pion?" I asked a CIA official.
"We ha%e a serious problem," he said. "This is the
first time we're playing Pact China at any sport. Table
tennis is the most important game in China.
'The USIA and the State Department want the United
States to field the best ? team it can find, because they
believe that it we can defeat the Chinese at ping-pang,
It would be the greatest propaganda victory of the CA
War.
"On the other hand, the Joint Chiefs of Staff andthe
CIA feel it would be better to send a mediocre team
and risk defeat in exchange for finding out what Mao-Tse-
Tung is really thinking.
_
Ar"1
7,'"p
"Therideal,?.of Coifrsi, would be to send a champion
ping-pong player w-ho also can figure out what is going
on in Peking. But so far we can't find anybody."
"Why is that?" I asked. "Surely in this vast organiza-
tion you must have some excellent table-tennis players."
"Unfortunately, most or our agents are golfers," he
said sadly. "We also have some tennis players and a
few people who play -croquet. But no one here ever
thought to recruit ping-poir.eplayers,"
"Couldn't you barrow 2- champion player from an-
other agency of the government?"
"The only one who could have .qualified was a roan
who worked for the FBI and had won the ,intercollegiate
ping-pang champiomaip of 1353. But, unfortunately,
he was fired a month ago for telling a friend he didn't
like J. Edgar Hoover's barber." ?
"Then it looks like the- United States table tennis
team may have to go to Poking without CIA representa-
tion?" I said.
"Unless we can come up with a"sleeper," the official
said. "Our recruiters- are out on the college campuses
rint now and their orders are to find someone, anyone.
Ii :ine.,:n't make any diffcrInce if he can pass -a security
am cc, as long its he hai-a,.a -vicious backhand."
Will anyone be punished because the CIA was unpre-
pared to p:ovide an agent Tor the Red China table tennis
tournament?" I asked.
"Our peraonnel director was demoted and transferred
ti Iceland the other day,'Ost at the last minute President
Nixon commuted his sentence."
MI. 1,,,FAn.6eics
Moxine ChesMrc. is ill. Her VIP column wilt resume
when retires.
?
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA4RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
P08*g Pla4127.:
Approved For Release 2001/031/CPCS,14? P80-01601
)Jj7,5 ?
C:L
Since the
r'ecent
bomb OK-
I.. plosion ir
the Capitol Building,
Washin,E;ton officials hove
tightened security on the
handful of -locations under
streets that conceal a
massive crossroads of
vital electric lines.
On the surface these
super-sensitive locations
look like any other met-
ropolitan or urban street
corners. But, in fact,
their manholes open into .a
rassive complex of tele-
phone lines -- includjnL:
in sone cases concrete-
enclosed CIA cables, also
sanitary and storm sewers,
gas and water mains, steam
heating pipes, electric
power cables and some
.White House lines.,
As one security official
said: "If anyone asked us
questions about these
drossroads locations --
without a clear 'need to
know' we'd become mighty
interested in him and his
background and activity:"
And as a new security
measure at the White
House, everyone who valks
on the south lawn is now
under constant surveil-
lance by two high-power,
closed-circuit TV cameras
iilith long-range zoom
lenses. Their location is
a secret, and you will
never be able to spotIthem.
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 ! CIA-RD080-01601R000100140001-8
STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/63/04 : 'C1A-RDP80-016
11,-,!licraftc.r's St,tr Quos
,
is tcal of rnoecin.rc:ccti!.?,as you r.t11t use
r
l,:????
?
Ii 0 T1
?to. I
? \\*.',' ' i 1, ?-? : ? _
,r7
:-1
sTc,ovivy, you
radio's !-;7.1'2 ts,
evei ho y0-7n'1"!0i-rie
Dy LN DUCKWA1.:1?ER
Captain Kidd, Dutch.Schultz, and
Benedict Arnold are dead, you say?
Sure, but the of those old .--:
d coun-
rels arc still alive mid well on the
internation!al 'Their
ons are po,.vcj.ful transmitters which
often broadcast on a global scale:
Their escapades trouble government
But the blacl;suards can be
the delight of. shortwx,i2 listeners.
"Ydu don't. n'?,!ed a pile of electronic
gc,ar to li:-;tou You Can .(..nj,iy the
pastimc with a simpin portable that
? captures strong sinals en nuthing
more than a telescoping whip stick-
ing out of _the case. The seasonal
h?'obyiA666519ed-cFd ke`!eaW0
. outdoor nittenna (,a wire ? o I ii
,feet, long) or goes in for more. eypu-
for shott,.-...-tve. It C001.23
assent,'.Atod for about $60.
' .
f
. ,,..1
,.? , t. ,-)
, t
? " ?
(7:1)
ci \ '`?. -? ;
sive receiving equipment v?-ith si;ecial
accessories for cutting interferenco.
The pick up.
pov:.erful intcrnationnl broacleaters
like BBC, Tr:ndio Moscow, and Ja-
pan's the spicy sta'tions iaay
call for a morb sensitive in,3trument..
Fr...,,t;;ortzy (:;;;!I:t)
3.50:9, 4.355
2.4 34,00, 4.365
11.607, 9.555
9.535, 11.410
3.340
13.200, 13.309,
15.0'90;15.100
17.700, 6.050, 7.050
1.405, 7.305
9.300, 11.305, 15.000 '
1.157, 6.060
6.135
?
10.030 10.015
CIA
se
II
Radio Lib...tr.-O.:A Army
P:y1c,c4r an
Kiss t.le Honey
(Crwsirt
Radio Por:.u;zal Libro
qadio Et;;;%acii
Ra-Jis Espana ?
tod:psc,,:isato
1". i?Corn
St intro; ;;!;:; America
Radio Atilar;cas
flacliolLivana
But whate'ver your .choice, onee.you.
hi.:ve your reEviver you can join thou
sand:; of fellow listcn...2rs who attempt
to eavesdrop en rojp.o. broadcasters.
Ono cll!.racter is the "pirate," who
sails a radio station just outside the
12-mile territorial limit or a country,
Co7itinued
CIA
Viol Crrng
R;odio 6o3ia
(201531.13)
Racno Da5Ildac.1
Raclic.; Moscovi
(3001410. Rion Of
Spain
Mosso:,
CIA
Cuba
Radio of S.*Viotilorti, Vii Coo.g.
RPf-?9,7119101/31 13,99Q19Q1400
List.to..tr
S.F. Asia
S.E. Asia
L',H...ita East
Lliciene East
No; th Arno Sc
Europa, N.
America '
Europa
A111.olica
Cantrat, South;
Antcotic& ?
C?soltal, South
Arnorica.
S.E.
Ar lt4o, North
trica
CODT").-111:
.,..? .
Approved For Release
RTz_ ?c
ri
C
During the past year, many
of the people involved in the
computer business have been
. worrying about the iiiellacc to
privacy and freedom which is
presented by centralized
banks of ?computerized infor-
mation.
If the proposed ? National
Data Bank takes on reality,
will every citizen of these
United States Le in danger of
harassment, meddling?and
possibly worse?by agencies
of government and others who
have access to such data?
Ii i r-i e
'
following rights tor anyone
whose name has got into a
data bank:
The right to read what is
maintained in any file kept
about you by the FBI, or the
CIA, or any credit bureau, or
any other agency which com-
piles information about you.
The right to inform the
agency of errors.
The right to compel the
changing of untrue informa-
tion about you.
Thc right to eompel the re-
moval of irrelevant in forma-
Some months ago. the editor tion about you.
of Compilers cov3 AI bait Although I sympathize gen-
a journal of that trade, actual- Emily ,with these claims,
ly proposed to throw a wrench cannot go all the way with Mr.
:into the machinery, unless Berkeley. It would be all very
measures af?e taken to protect well, fm instance, for an inno-
the privacy' of 'people about cent person to have access to
.whom data has been gathered. information about himself in
"As a last resort," he -wrote, the files of police agencies. But
"wc should remember tiio t not everybody is innocent.
large files are very vulnerable If a criminal were permitted
to error." And, as this gentle- access to such files about. him-
. man. (Edmund. C. ? Berkeley) self, not only might detection
went on, computers, can be in- and prosecution or his acti,J.
? dueed to err: - ties become almost impossi-
. "It would be highly dcArae bite, but he might retaliate on
blc for everyone ? engaged in anyone who had supplied lu-
au unpopular activity to adopt formation about him. -
three names and three Social In Engin:id, Lord Halsbury,
Security numbers. This ought
the president of the Council of
to throv,' any data system,
ii
:computerized or Mt, into con-
the Brtsh Computer Society;
vulsions. Furthermore, if 0110 writes that there is an urgent
need . for "file security." .He
. adopted a new name and, a
new Social Security number advocates "an no Light
every four months or so, I of print-out'' for every persoa
- believe the convulsions in the on whom computerized re-
data system would never die ? cords are kept by agencies of
down?oscillation would eon- governle
lInt. "Y an
ou cnot
Untie indefinitely." ? h send people to prison becausa
Incidentally, it is (wife law- the ,computer says so; there
ful for anyone to have several has to be a better reason .thin
Social Security numbers; also, that." , Some records should
for many purposes, there is . flO go on the computer at all,
nothing illicit about usin-i a :the Earl of Halshury conlin-
pseudonym.- flow the data tics:
-banks would cope with S wide"- "There are, or Coursc, cer-
speead rebellion, only the god fain matters ss inch it is very
of the computeis.hnows. proper to keep tel 'U'
? Mi-. iThrioeley proposes, how. whole system of references
' ever., that before resorting to ?and referees depends on scam
such tactics' - the friends of pri- rity 'between the referee and
vaey should seek the. passage the potential employer to
Of laws resteieting the use of . whom ? the reference is' ad-
data files in some ways and dressed." Such secret reCords.
opening, thise files in othr should, be kept ? roe e_ou,?e
ways. Ile ftpprom ttcortiReipase
0?1/04-104 : CIA7RDP80-01601R000100140001-8
?
should riot be- -con iiiuterized
anch. easily available to all
:sorts of people.
."At rob; sta.e. of our knowl-
edge nothing should go on a
computer unith--; ?L'e ai:e pre-
pared. to grant the person to.
whom the computer -records
relate the right of print-out."
Calr,clin, Protester Calvin
Gotlieb, of the Department of
Computer ;Science at ,..the..Uni-
,:
versity of Toronto, .....,.decires?-
that t`eventually, the only sat-
isfactory solution be to
attach security tags to every.
-
data field and use these tags to.,
determine under what condi-
tions the information may be
disseminated." lie knows that
the cost of regulating arid li-
censing information systems
would be high -but advocates
such regulation:
"Experience has shown that
overprotection is, in: fact, very
rare. ?In ii iv opinion , if the
problems regarding protection
of individual privacy are ex-
plained to the: public and to
those responsible for 'political
and legislative action and the
alternative-3 are -set out, they
will be willing to pay the price
of keeping our social environ-
ment healthy.":
Until?if ever?such protec-
tiOns for the privacy of data
banks arc estahlished, gentle
reader, you ;?:tid I ought to be
cautious about scribbling down
information about, ourselves
for the use .of other folk. How-
ever invecent our activities, it
may be imprudent to become ,
the defenseless subject of
somebody else's 'computerized
? dossier. .
*sly
Approved For Release 2001/o3p9;411:,-7 I ppso-01601R00
. .
There was a time when the CIA coild overthroVZi usingi lie detector-which Ci id had not failed
'governments, finance military rlict.t tors and rir: in .the 20 years he. had been using it. Aispurua
airlines all in secret. When aryone ma ie accusations 'passed.
against this venerable .American .; ion everyone Pefore Panama, he was trained in secret
scoffed arid Catiied on believing that it was aSli dl writing, receiving and decoding radio messages
:intelligence aricer-3- similar to rha-omi ; every .nation "which sent coded messages at a rate of 125 gropps
maintiins. That .was the la-ay it was.. Tcch,- it admits to
And Of COL1!.SC what wouhs the CIA be without an
t . per sc.cond." ?
having financed anti-cove rumen t gnerida troops in ousted Diem bureaucrat? The classes were, given, by ?
'Laos, shady dealiogs in 2ainbodie., tr.d its former a man of 50 named Adolfo V,i10 had held a
members openly admit that the Cl clid indc,.cd higlt-ranking po'st in the field of Cuba-U.Si shipping
\/ 'overthrow ? the Jacob? Arbenz irl,,..erament j before fleeing the countty in the wake of Batista's
Guaternama and the 'f-,iossaelegh goveriiment in Iran. speedy withdrawal!.
But the CIA is still L it. .At the iet.ent Seventh Afier training Aispdrua N:VaS taken around Inc ..
Congress of the ? International Organization of world appal en'tly for . a first hind look at the
j"
Spanish-speaking Who Who in the CIA. ? ? Journalists in Ilawimn, Pitnatna'nian journalist Balt-
.asdic told hoii, he had been (rimed by the ' He Was trentesd with special cordiality by the then
director of Costa Rican immigration, wlin is now in
CIA to sey on the conferelle0 report on Cuban
and other socialist press agpcics. the leadership of the right-wing Free Costa Rica
.-Aispurna's stGl':;/ reads like a 'perfect james Bond Movement He then went to Colomliia
? ruovie,.witli -fat I Ii bitreauerats and addresses in where Ale hint it sUpers,ry radio, the krcket
Mexico and Miami-excer,t that i is true. Along containing the codar.s, the money for Ns tip, r?.1-111
with his .prosentation of tile history of his CIA the carbon paper on which he was- to send his
'training, Aispdrua slio,..-ved the radio Le ,,vas tai!von to messages. - ?
, send messages to Mexican jacket with a falae This was also the time when he was told what his
III which 'he was 1'J x0 to cariy his cot2.e-d objectives w-ere on the Cuba mission.
repo.:ts. He was he said to find out where the missile sites
were (if any), check into the private lives of.
Accbrding to Aispurua, be was firsi contacted by
revolutionary leaders, discover any unreported
a CIA agent named. branciaco Colon in December of
e,conomic
1903. Colon told him the CIA was interested in hint reports on Cuba and try to make secret
agreements with the Central- Committee of the
because of his expertise on Cuban afraiT.S. Aispurda
.was also told "we can solve any economic-problem .Cuban Communist Party.
Front Colombia he went to Cuba, with stops in
or any other kind of problem you may have."
San Juan, Caracas, and Madrid on the way. Ile
When the agent returned three days later.
Ai'spurua agreed to work whit the CIA.. finally arrived in Cuba April 7,1969, whereupon. he
ii-ninediately proceeded to spill the beans on the
He was visited the next lay by Colon, this time
latest CIA attempt to find .out what the people sec
ccompanied by "a Yankee" named Rojer, who
? ?
took over from that point. in Fidel Castro.
Aispurita greeted his would-be victims with the
Rojer took his to a suite in the Las Vegas building,
statement, "I have come to Cuba, but Tam an agent f
'behind. the Hotel Panama. Rojer and ainoth!:!r
recruited by the CIA as part of its plans to o'brain
Americiin named AI interviewed him at Iten,gth.
in ide "hat
information for? its eventual aression against
QuestionS aslced the.interview inchd, W is
? your fi10rite color?, What is you favorite form of , Cuba."
?
A
entertainment? and What I ind of women do you ispurua began Ins presentation by explaining the
element the CIA computers seemed to have omitted
like? ? [Aisprima is married]. Would you like a house
- is that which. lets a revolutionary stand by his cuase
. end a car end to be able to give: good things to your ?
even in. the face of offers. of money, a house or a
children? What would. you to be?lYhatat-c your
?
philosophical beliefs on ho .,v to make the world car. ?
. better place? and Can you adapt to living outside of
? Sai . order for nte ?to be here today-, on my own
When contacted, .Aispuru was underground as be ,
you.: country?" , d Aispurua, "My revolutionary ideas-won out
responsibility-, but with the absolute satisfaction of.
.i't
had been involved in leftist -activities on Panama
having acted honestly, exposing how imperialism
before the October I96S
tries to buy hearts and minds at-1'd attack the Cuban
? coup.
'
? In jamitary 1969, together with Al, Alsratrua revolution-and with it the .L.atin American was
revolution?and how, imperialism underestimates
introduced to an old man "anparently a Fdi,-)ino,
.thosar of us who devote our Ii to the struggles of
who was just introduced Cs Dr. Garay, who hadjust
arrived from AWasiiirilton._,G'...rjV ?ILLis a fat mauaof 'the people."
medium liei-,:"PKyimoiiey?For, Keiease zoo1/0131434ctre[AQR,10-40-101804R00014014O001-8
Suarez Lara, P.O. Box 2: ,5.7t L, B.F. and
.
ray. conducted a threp7hottr seeMityainterview
. Luis Valdes Garcia, 7840 S.W. 139th Terrace:
? ? ? Min ii, PIr,rtrli I?
STATI NTL
?
ST.ATI NTL
Approved For Release 260ffia3fle4 :' CIA-RDP8O-D1
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?
BY H LOO1Y.
WASHINGTON-s--When Secretary
or 'Defense ZicilVin R. Laird testified
? that the Administration had DO way
of knowing for Certain that Ameri-
? can prisoners would. be 'found at Son
? Tay last November, he was wirier-
.stating an intelligence problem that
? gives merican. military planners
the shivers.
Among nall the other problems of
?fightinithe? war in Indochina, the
?problein of divinings the intentions,
-plans' and movements of the ?North
?Vietnainese has been the toughest.
?Triat problemmade. the commando
''aid on the small compound only 23
miles .west of Hanoi one bf The big-
gest gambles. in Amcnican military
history---a gamble decided on by
President Nixon for trying to get
captured Americans out of North
Vietnam but also fbr what one high
? Administration official has called
? "transcendent reasons."
? Of f iciall y, the Son. Tay. raid
was c o u c t. e d . for one re a-
son rescue American'priso-
. ners. Transcendent reasons are ad-
mitted only for the deepest back-
ground. Vint since the Administra-
tien admitted they existed, others
have been speculating on what they
might have be.en..
Idea No. 1: .The American mi-
litary machine, caught in a "dirty,
rubby war" that no one wants,
scarred by the tragedies at
My Lai and stories of other atroci-
ties, condemned at home and facing
serious dissension in the field, need-
ed an act 'of heroism to boost its
morale. . ?
Idea. No The Nixon Admin-
Istration, having helped _create a
prisoner-of-war lobby since grown
iMpressively vocal, ? felt the political
need to respond to its demands that
sonrething be done for the 330 Amer-
icans living under cruel conditiOns
in North Vietnam.
Idea NO. 3: The President had to
show the North Vietnamese that
they could not count on using the
prisoners- as hostages for a- political
?settlement .enaliarrassino. to th e_
United States, 'PQ'. el
steps as drastic as invading -North
Vietnam to secure their freedom:
The President's gamble failed: To
understand why, follow it fronn. its
inception late-. last- May in a little-
known office on the ninth corridor
of the Pentagon's first floor.
-Office 1E9(32 is marked '."SACSA.."
The acronym stands for Special
Assistant for Counterinsurgency and
Special Activities." ? ? .
It- .was ..SACSA. that conceived,
planned, organized and oversaw the
Son Tay operation.
SACSA i3 both a military officer
and the office he directs. The officer, ?
at the time the Son Tay ?raid was
conceived, \i-as Brig. Gen. Donald
Dunwoody Blackburn, a 51-year-old
infantryman whose career has such
great- storybook qualities that it has
been the subject of a book and a mo-
vie--"Blackburn's Headhunters."
.As a first lieutenant, Blackburn
arrived in the Philippines in October, ?
1941, to become an adviser to the
Philippine . army. The following
April he. evaded capture by the Ja-
panese on Bataan .Peninsula,. disap-
peered into the. jungles of northern .
Luzon, organized a small guerrilla
force of primitive tribesmen who
were just heYond. the practice of ?
headhunting and fought . a ? back-
;woods campaign against the JaPas?
:nese until the war ended..
Blackburn became no of the ? re-
cognized experts in. 'special war-
'fare," the military'-s ..euphemism for
_
American involvement in Protecting? .
friendly governments against inci-
? pient revolution.
? . In 1957, when the 1054 Geneva ac-
cords which settled the French Indo-
china war were being honored most-- 7
1.3r in the breach by all involved,
Blackburn joined the American mili-
tary ? assistance advisory group in
South Vietnam to help shore up the
Saigon ?government of Ngo Dinh.
Diem against the then-budding Viet
Gong insurgency.- .?
? In August, 1909, after a series or
ssigriments in the United States
. ;
? )3,
President John F. Kennedy early iii
his admin:sftation to systerintiA
the United States' role in dealing
with Insurs,?encies throughotrt the
world,
?
? Special Warfare Bible
? -SACSA's doctrine was originally
-iet out in a three-inch thick volume
:that became the bible of special war-
:fare. ? Originally that bible dealt
mostly with counterinsurgency.
The early counterinsurgency doe-
;trine was based. on the simia pre-
Imise that American technoldgy?
'the same krio,.v-how that would land
a man on the 1110011 and create a ma-
chine-aided life of.comfort for consu-
mers?would conquer insurgencies.
To ga.1.1 superiority -over a guer-
:villa. who has lived in a region for
-years, You need only fight him in-the
dark, provided you. can see and he
'cannot, the doctrine said. So radios
-).vere developed to penetrate _the.
jungle canopy, helicopters that fly
ZO m.p.h. over areas where guerril-
las move on 'foot were brought in.
'Heat-seeking infrared sensors for
detecting' enemy campfires were .de-
veloped.
? The enemy found. it? relatively
simple to deal -with Western-techne?
logy. Learning of the campfire detec-
tors, for example, he simply ordered
no campfires could be built within a
mile of camp, and that rendered in-
frared sensors relatively tos'eless.
? So tire insUrg.ency South Viet-
riarnolnstea.d of being brought under
control,. developed into the longest
war the United States has ever
fought. The few thousand American
advisers of the early 1.9?703 grew into
a force of over half a million ground
troops.
By the time Blackburn established
in the Pentagon's Room
1E9;32, e r insurgency 'bad
paseed its heyday, ? -
? Thinks Ali itt Contribution
Last May-, as concern ovOr the fate
of American war prisoners in North
Vietnam was rising throughout the
countryand the military, Blackburn
began to think about what contribu-
tion his. office could make. -
? Blackburn sttadied what was then
known of Son Tay and the
other-
known North Vietnamese POW
camps and decided that, f prisoners
were held at Son Tay, it was the
only
were,
where a raiding party
could land.. The other known prisons
are all in downtown Hanoi.
:In June, he presented the idea of
liberating, some American prisoners
to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and re-
ceived Permission to conduct a "fea-
sibility study." ? _
"The initial phase start ed.in June,"
0.0,01000/0/62iliciAAP168q.4110,4000.070007rkel
?
? , ,
? - -?-- ? ? the.Amegican_prisoners_ ?
Approved .FotReIR@AONA/CRtpAlcQVORA.K40/60
ro. 2, FilDHJAilY 1971
-TilE U.S. INE2LLICIF,NC7!: SEAViCZ
STATINTL
Dook* review by V. I.,. Vladimirov; Moscow, LISt:_Economiesl_Poli.tles,
Ideology, Russian, NO Z, February 1971, pp 18-4-8I ?
? STATINTL
Harry Howe Ransom's book The_Intellience_Establi.shment is a revised
fediVion of the monograph also written by him entitled Central intelence
.and Netional Security which was published .back in 19.53. Studying the
'prohi. em of. the organization and .activity of. the -ntelligenrc -.-ppernr,us- over
the corse of many 'years, the author sets out significant materiel 1,,huse
authenticity does not evoke doubts "inAmerican critics although the facts STATINTL
..and, especially, the figures are .given with 'great c.are and are a:ccompanied
by a nember of reservations.
The present state of the intelligence establishment is presented in
the b-_;ok agririst the backgroUnd of 'American intelligence's development,
-beginning 'with the times preceding World War II, when such miserly means
allocaj_ed to maintaining U.S. milita'ry attaches ab:Oad that only
.wefl-to-do people consented to this work, and only after Pearl Harbor and
entry .into World War II was an independent intelligence organizat{on
-- the Office of .Strategic .Services c'reated in Washington.
At present the U.S. intelligence establishment,which was lifted up
on the crest of the "Cold War," has grown and spread into a mighty complex
exerting a substantial influence upon the U.S. foreign policy course. F:uar
billion dollars are allocated to intelligence annu-ally. More .than 100,000
.p.e.opl'e are engaged in the organi:-.ations.of the ."inelligence community."
Yormally'entered in this "community" are: the Central Intelligence Agency
(01A), the intelligen-,e?services of the befen'se.Depa,:tment, the State '
Department, the Atomic Energy Commission., and the Federal Bureau of Investiga-,
tion (FBI). The U.S. Information Agency and the Agency for International
Development cooperate with them, but withcut formal representation in the
inte&tepartmental organs. Such "think tanks" as the Institute for Defense
Analysis and the Rand Corporation, which is linked with .the U.S. Air FOrce,
work in intelligence outside the "community." In addition, the Majority of
U. S. departments, independently of their regular functfons, have created
their -owri intelligence apparatus under this or that designation'.
*.Harry Howe Ransom. The Intllirtebliskment. Cambrid2c, Harvard
University Press, 1970, xvi. plus 30 pages.
Modern and advanced equipment from electronic deciphering machines to
spy satellites equipped with modern apparcAu:s which makes it possible to
photograph objects on the ground with an-exceptional degree of detail and to
return the exposed film'to given points) has been provided for the'intel1igence
-establishment.
- All this activity is coordinated and. directed by /he Central
? Intelligence Agency. From the time 'Of its incePtiori in 1947, this organiza-
tion has.. acquiree .a sharp anti-Soy:let andanti-Conmuni;3t trend. (In H.
.RansoirApproveePFMR41enel-200110310.4rCeCIA?eRDMOvai6P1ROMOOMON1-8