JPRS ID: 10468 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 44
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
JPRS L/ 10468 ~
20 Aprii 1982
~ Lati~ America Re ort
. p
CFOUO 5/82~ ~
FB~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY '
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but a"!so from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translate~i; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [TextJ
ar [ExcerptJ in the f irst l~ne of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words ar names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Oth er unattributed parenthetical notes with in the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GWERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R000500050044-3
,
JPRS L/10468
20 April 1982
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
c~Quo.S~sa>
CONTENTS
COUNTRY SECTION
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
Central American Peace Congresa Denounces U,S. Intervention
(PRELA, 4 Apr 82) 2
Briefs
Peruvian Minister on Malvinas ~ 3
Venezuela To Support Argentina 3
ARGENTINA ~ .
Government Reportedly To Lift State of Siege
(DIARIOS Y NOTICIAS, 11 Apr 82) 4.
CUBA
READEX, Ocean Venture Exercises Denounced '
(PRELA, 30 Mar 82) 6
'PRELA' Outl.ines Decree on Mixed Enterprises
(Jose dos Santos; PRELA, 16 Mar 82) 7
FL SALVADOR
Salvador's Duarte Intervi~wed by 'PARIS MATCIi'
(Napoleon Duarte Interview; MA.TCfi, 26 Mar 82) 9
Guerrilla Leader Speaks With 'AKAHATA' ~
(Habil; AKAHATA, 29 Mar 82) 14
Briefa
D'Aubuiason Supports Amnesty Law 16
- a - [III - LA - 144 FOUO]
�FOR OFFiCiAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFI7ICIAL USE ONLY
GUATEMALA
'PP.ELA' Interview,s Peace Committee Head
. (Victorio rt. Copa; PRELA, 1 Apr 82) 17
'AFRIQUE-ASIE' Interviews Guatemalan GuerrilYas
(Nur polay; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 29 Mar-11 Apr 82) 19
SURINAME
Briefs
Diplomatic Relations Established 23
-b��
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONI~Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
COUNTRY SECTION INTER-AMLRICAN AFFAIRS
CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE CONGRESS DENOUNCES LT.S. INTERVENTION ~
- PA050102 Havana PRELA in English 1920 GMT 4 Apr 82 ~
[Text] San Jose, 5 Apr (PL)--The participants in the third conference of
peace and sovereignty in Central Awerica and the Caribbean denounced the
United States' interventionist policy in the area.
Grenadian representative Basil Gahagan said that the "United States does not
want peace nor an authentic process of self-determination" and added that
Ronald Reagan uses "lies and infamy to justify aggression" against his coun-
_ t ry .
. For i~is party, Harry Randas, secretary of the Peace Council of Guyana,
declared that his people re3ect the aggressive U.S. policy against Central
America and the Caribbean.
� /llso,. the represenicative of Trinidad and Tobago, Jorsleus Gradige, accused
the USA of interference in the internal affairs of his country to torpedo
the popular and democratic movement.
~ ~
The third conference for peace and sovereignty in Central America, Mexico
and the Caribbean was opened Friday by Costa Rican President Rodrigo Carazo.
In the Saturday session the decisi~n of the Nicaraguan people to fight to the
death if their country is invaded was confirmed by Father Fernando Cardenal,
delegate of the FSLN, who said his people will prevent the penetration of ~
any arLry, be it Somozist, from the Southern Cone or from the USA. �
"We do not want a peace like the one proposed last year by U.S.�Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Thomas Enders, F~~o went so far
as to say to the Sandinista leaders that we would have good relations with
the ~?C:! if we stopped being so friendly with Cuba."
But, continued Cardenal, Enders was told that "we Nica~aguans paid the price ~
~ of fifty thousana dead for the right to choose our own friends."
Delegates from a11 the cauntries condemned the recent U.S. Security Council
veto .
- . 1
� FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
A motion in that regard made by the movement of support to the progressive
Costa Rican coalition Puehlo Unido was hailed with lengthy applause while
the delegates of more than 30 countries demanded respect for the self-
determination of the peaples o� the area.
Representatives of CentraL America, the Caribbean and South America declared
that today more than ever before world peace is threatened by the current
U.S. administration. ~
- Those present at the meeting called on the U.S. people to re~ect the aggres-
sive policy of Washington.
Salvadoran writer Claribel Alegria said that fihe U.S. aggressivity [as
received] against the liberation movements in Gua.temala and E1 Salvador has
no para11e1 in conCemporary history.
She said that any invasion of the zone would place the world on the brink of
a war of incalculable results.
Spanish writer Alfonso Sastre warned that no country in the c~orld is safe
from Washington's aggressive policy. The Central Americans and Caribbeans,
he said, suffer the U.S. onslaughts iiz one way while we Europeans feel them
in ano tlier .
1'he L'.S. Government without any doubt played its part to make us Spaniards
part ~f the European powderkeg, added the writer.
He agreed in calling on the U.S. people to stop any future invasion of
Central America.
Jesus Reyes of Cuba said that the peoples of the region are determi.ned to
defend their 'liberty and independence, notwithstanding the U.S. threats and
aggressions.
The Cuba delegate added that the struggles also signify a contribution to the
attainment of a peace that will benefit all the nations of the world.
The regior~ has become the center of the struggles of the continent for its ,
genuine liberation, peace, ~ustice and social progress, he indicated.
Reyes went on to state that thA peoples o~ Central America and the Caribbean
are demonstrating with their fight for freedom and the defense of their
sovereignty that the Cuban revolution is not an isolated event of an
historically exceptional nature.
CSO: 302,0/92
2
FOR OFFI~:AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPR~VED F~R RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
COUNTRY SECTION INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
BRI~FS
PERWIAN MINISTER ON MALVINAS--Lima, 6 Apr (SAPaRITI)--Peruvian Foreign .
Minister Javier Arias Stella has stated that the recovery of the Malvinas
Islands by Argentina is based on the 1960 and 1965 UN resolutions that call
for a peaceful decolonization of the Malvinas Islands. Similarly, the
Peruvian foreign minister noted that the presence of armed British ships
cause fear and concern for the peace of the continent. Arias Stella voiced
his hope that the British action will be of a dissuasive nature and not one
designed for specific offensive purposes. [ExcerptJ [PY061856 Buenos Aires
SAPORITI in Spanish 1535 GMT 6 Apr 82] '
VENEZUELA TO SUPPORT ARGENTINA--Caracas, Venezuela, 5 Apr (SAPORITI)--
Venezuelan Foreign Minister Alberto Zambrano Velasco has said that the
Venezuelan Government cannot act on the basis of suppositions, but if there
is a confrontation regarding the Malvinas Islands we have to comply with our
responsibility as a signatory of the TIAR [Inter-American Reciprocal
Assistance TreatyJ and support Argentina. The TIAR is the Inter-American
Reciprocal Assistance Treaty and the country would comply with it since it
represer..ts a case of extra-continental aggression. On his part, Cesar Rondon
Lovera, Venezuelan ambassador to Panama, also gave his opinion by pointing
out that he hopes that a diplomatic agreement will be reached during the 2
weeks it will take the British fleet to reach the Ma.lvinas. Huwever, he
added, in the case that the confrontation should take place, Great Britain
will be defeate~d since it cannot maintain logistics for an army hundreds and
hundreds of miles from its base. [Text] [PY051724 Buenos Aires SAPORITI in
Spanish 1615 GMT 5 Apr 82]
CSO: 3010/1287
3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL~
COUNTRY SECTION ARGENTINA
GOVERNMENT REPORTEDLY TO LIFT STATE OF SIEGE
PY111323 Buenos ~lires Dir'~RIOS Y NOTICIAS in Spanish 1214 GMT 11 Apr 82
[Text] Buenos Aires, 11 Apr (DYN)--The newspaper LA NACION stated today
that the government is studying the poaeibility of lifting the atate of
siege and of issuing a law of amnesty to facilitate the participation of
former guerrillas in the fu~:urp political reorganizaCion.
In its Sunday political commentary, the morning paper states that the two
resolutions are part of a detailed report on the national situation which
President Leopoldo Galtieri has on his desk.
The document, which according to the newspaper, was prepared at the General
Secretariat of the Presidency headed b~? Gen Hector Norberto Iglesias, is
ba~ed on the new domestic situation created with the recovery of the
Malvinas on 2 April.
The initial paragraphs of the study indicate that an unprecedented political
situation has been createc~ in the country, which must be answered wi.th
gestures which are also unprecedented, from the government standpoislt, LA
NACION states. ~
According to the newspaper's report, the seven points.of that document
which are under study by President Galtieri~are:
Establishing communications channels with all political parties seeking
their participation in the agreement of a minimum political plan;
Issuing a generous law of amnesty for all those involved in political crimes,
the scope of which could also include situations stemming from the war
against subversion; ~
Totally or partially cancelling Che carresponding institutional act;
Lifting the ban on political.activities.through the approval of a new
statute for political parties. The canGellation of the ban on political .
activities without the implementation before or simultaneously, of a new
statute would be unthinkable becausE in this case the political partiea
would automatically be ruled by the Illia statute; ,
. ~ 4' .
FOR OFFICIAL USE aNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Lifting the state of siege;
Issuing a new special and temporary rule which will allow the executive
branch to maintain at its disposal certain terrorists confirmed to be
dangerous;
Commuting sentences.
LA NACION states that to prepare the political plan, the government will
call all leaders of all political parties within Che next few months.
CSO: 30~0/1282
~
,
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE p~,y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED F~R RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
COUNT~Y SECTION CUBA
READEX, OCEAN VENTURE EXERCISES DENOUNCED
PA311228 Havana PRELA in English 2320 GMT 30 Mar 82
[Text] Washington, 31 Mar (PL)~-The United States persists in its attempts
to turn the Caribbean into a war .~theater with the announcement of two sets
of maneuvers for April, READEX 2-82 and Ocean Venture 82.
According to Pentagon sources the RE~4DEX exercises will begin on 6 April
with the participation of 39 naval units including two task forces headed
by the aircraft carriers Independence and Forrestal, and 200 planes.
It was also ~.sported that British and federal German naval forces will take
part in the maneuvers with the U.S. vesseJ.s. The three countries belong to
NATO.
The sources said that the Ocean Venture 82 maneuvers, to start at the end of
April and rtm. through the middle of May, will include an invasion rehearsal
in Puerto Rico, a Marine landing at the Guantanamo naval base, Cuban territory
illegally occupied by Washington, the use of B-52 bombers and the NAT~ anti-
air warning system. ~
Z'he series of maneuvers will take place less than a month after the U.S.A.
and other NATO countries staged their first joint maneuvers in the Gulf of
Mexico and the Florida strait.
The decislon of the U.S.A. and i.ts NATO ~llies to carry out "Safe Pass 82" '
precisely while Washington stiffened its campaign against Cuba, Nicaragua
and Grenada�and upgraded its i.ntervention in E1 Salvador, was repudiated by
world public opinion as a threat Co peace.
Although the Pentagon tried to defi.ne Safe Pass 82 as routine tra~.ning
exercises, observers said that they were planned with the aim of extiending
NATO activity to other regions.
Tne forces that t.ook part in tl?~ maneuvers approached NATO's operat~on limit's.~
The Western limtt of the exercises was th~ Tropic of ~ancer, at 23 degrees
27 minutes northern latitude, that is, close to the city of Havan~t.
CSO: 3020/90
6
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFiCIAL USE ONLY
COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
'PRELA' OUTLINES DECREE ON MIXED ENTERPRISES ~
PA170117 Havana PRELA in English 2320 GMT 16 Mar 82
[By Jose dos Santos]
[Text] Havar_s, 17 Mar (PL)--Economic partnership between C~+baai ent~rprises
and foreign interests designed to support the country's economic development
is the object of a measure adopted by the Council of State.
Decree law 50 enacted last month establishes that such a link is contemplated
for activities whose finan~ial resources, raw materials, technology and mar-
kets are not within Cuba`s reach but are nonethel.ess indispensable for~the use
of Cuban human and natural resources.
The central standard to be used is that such partnerships promoted or accepted
by the socialist state must promote the consolidation of this country's eco-
nomic and social system.
The new legislation stresses that the prime aims ~f mixed ventures inc7.ude ths
expansion of Cuban exports and the promotion of foreign tourism.
Partnerships may take the form of mixed ventures with Cubai~ and foreign capi-
_ tal with their own assets and personality, or other forms that do not involve
the creation of a legal personality.
In order to regulate the operations of such ventures, the Cuban state has set
up a commission to grant the~suthorization for their formation and the condi-
tions under which they operate.
The messure states that the duration of the ventures must be such as to promote
the recovery of [word indistinct) capital invested and the obtention of
profits that will make it attractive to both sides.
The mixed ventures wi11 adopt the form of corporations with nominal shares,
with Cuban nationality and th e possibility of opening representations abroad.
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
The other foi-~s of economic relation are organized through partnership con-
tracts.
The financial regulations estab lished by Cuba include [number indist:'�.ncr]
percen.t limit.on foreign awnership of the mixed venture. .
The Cuban state will guarantee the foreign partner free transfer abroad of ~
the divider.ds or net profits obtained.
The partners~~~n mixed ventures will be exempt from payment of taxes on the
gross income of the institution and personal income, although they wi11 be ~
liable for payment of taxes on profits, tariffs and on vehicles.
Under the measures the zones of top priority for international tourism could be
declared tax free with entry facilities through the national tourism institute.
Finally, the measure states that these stipulations are not applicable to
partnerships organized in Cuba at the agreement of the Council for Mutual Eco-
nomic Assistance (CMEA) or the Latin American Economic System (SELA).
CSO: 3020/83
8
FOR OFFIC[AL USE. ONLY
~ .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPR~VED F~R RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
COUNTRY SECTION EL SALVADOR
SALVADOR'S DUARTE INTERVIEWED BY 'PARIS~MAT~~H'
PM231705 Paris ~1ATCH in French 26 Mar 82 pp 70, 72
~Interview with E1 Salyador's President Napoleon Duarte by Patrick Forestier:
"France Wants To Impose Terrorism on Us"--date and place not given]
[Text] MATCH: What do you think of [French] President Mitterrand's and [Mexi-
can] President Lopez Portillo's ~oint declaration on the election in E1 Salvddor?
Napolean Duarte: I think that the French and Mexican presidents' 3oint state-
ment calling for negotiations and the recognition of the Fa�rabundo Marti Nation--.
al Liberation Front [FMLN] and the Revolutionary Democratic Front [FDR] as
parties to the conflict and as representative political forces is a direct
intervention in the country's internal~affairs. I do not think any country in
the world would agree to another country imposing i*_s conditions on it. Conse-
quently that declaration is a fl~grant intervention in E1�Salvador's internal
affairs. We have chosen the same methad as Mr Mitterrand: the electoral method. .
I will not say the same of the Mexican Government, because that is a different
matter.... If Mr Mitterrand's government now has the right to nationalize the '
banks it is because he won the elections and has his people's support--whether
or not we agree with that measure. Similarly, we have proposed that the method
here should be that of elections and not that of bullets and death. Just con-
- sider that Mr Mitterrand and Mr Lopez Portillo are proposing a method ~rhich
delega~es power to the guerrillas: that contradicts the principles which they
uphold in tlieir own countrites. The French Government maintains that the elec-
tions are not representative because the left is not represented. The left has
- never been representative in this country. [National Revolutionary MQVement
leader] Ungo did not obtain 1,000 votes in the whole country on the only occa-
sion he ran alone in the elections. ~
The argument that the extreme left is not representative [as published] or is
not taking part is not valid in an election process. The extreme left has never
believed in elections, it only believes in the use of force--bullets, machine-
guns, death, terrorism--to impose a will opposed to the people's will.
Observe the paradox: the extreme left says that it is defending the people, that
it is struggling for the people, but it does not want to allow the people to
express their opinion. Why? Simply because that is called totalitarianism, in
all.languages. It is deception. That is how things are.
9
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFF(CIAL USE ONLY
MATCH: Can the Fr.ench Government play a role in the Salvadoran crisis?
Napoleon Duarte: I believe that the best role which the French people and govern-
ment can play is to give the Salvadoran people the opportunitq to determine
their future. Anything else they try to do can only be called intervention.
As for President Mitterrand, he must nat continue to upsst the balance in Cen-
tral America's internal forces. Because as he gi~T~s arms ~:o the Nicaraguans so
he upsets the balance of forces and Central America runs the risk of a blood-
bath. That is not helping the peopxes. It is going against the people and
trying to impose on them his personal will.
_ MATCH: A propos, what do you think oi the French Government's arms sales~~to
Nicaragua?
Napoleon Duarte: .The fact that one country sells arms to another country is
not important per se. But the fact that they are being sold in a premediated
way as France is doir.g is certainly dangerous because that implies France's
participation in a plot which is aimed at upsetting the balaace in Central Amer-
ica. If it was just a trade like any other, there would be no problem. But it
is a political sale. What is the objective of that sale? Mr Mitterrand must
explain that. Not me.
Mt1TCH: If rIr Mitterrand were sitting opposite you what you you say to him?
Napoieon Duarte: I would tell him ex~ctly what T am busy telling you: that
he has no right ta interfere in Salvadoran affairs. But he is perfectly enti-
tled to express his opinion, and T respect it. However, he cannot impose his
cond:itions on anybody. Just as France would never allow conditions to be im-
posed on it. France's history shows that. Therefore if he d.id so he would be
anti-French.
MATCH: Would you accept French observers during the elections?
Napoleon Duarte: Yes. We have appealed to all countries so that they can ob-
, serve that these elections are free. Observing is one thing, interfering is
another.
MATCH: Do you sincerely think that the elections on 28 March will be free?
Napoleon D~iarte: You have seen the people today. People saw and heard an army
colonel assuring them that they will be free. We are repeating that throughout
the country. We are making a specific effort to ensure that the people know
these elections will be free.
MATCH: But how wi11 the inhabitants in the~zones controlled by the guerrillas
be able to vote?
Napoleon Duarte: TE~iey will be able to vote because there is no village which is
under the guerrillas' control. Cite me a single such village. Cite me the
name of one village which is controlled by the guerrillas.
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2447/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500454444-3
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
MATCH: What al~~ut the Morazon region?
Napoleon Duarte: There is no village in the guerrillas' hands. There are re-
me,te desolate places...but they are not villages. The whole population is in
the villages ~id the villages are controlled by the armed forces.
MATCH: If you win the elections will you negotiate with the guerrillas?
~ Napoleon Duarte:` If you analyze it the idea of negotiation amounts to our un-
conditional suirender. It mea~s the seizure of power. They claim to negotiate
on the army and want to give the guerrillas the status of army. They want to
negotiate on the government and have the right of veto. They want to negotiate
the economic, political and social program in order to impose their will. Nobody ~
can negotiate that. A dialogue to incorporate them into the democratic process
is possible before, during and after elections. In other words, if they are
prepared to abandon their weapon s, abandon violence and accept the rule of
democracy--as has happened with many commun3st partiea in Europe--we are prepared
to dialogue with them as of now. But if they want to negotiate with a machine-
gun on the table, we re~ect that.
MATCH: The guerrillas have warned that they wi11 continue the fight whatever
happens . .
- Napoleon Duarte: There is no doubt about that. It is their decision. If
they continue to struggle the government will continue to defend itself.
MATCH: So, despite the elections the situation will not change? .
Napoleon Duarte: Of course it will, it wi11 change because the guerrillas now
say that the government is not legitimate, that it does not represent the peo-.
ple, that the government is a de facto government. They want a share of power.
But after the elections they wi11 not be able to claim that. Just as they are
now.scarcly talking about the agrarian reform. Just as they are no longer say-
ing a word about the reform of state structures. All they are talking about now
is power. When~the people have chosen who will govern them, that power will no
longer Ue negotiated by anybody. The conditions will have changed. They will
have to agree eithE~r to join the democratic game or to remain guerrillas--
isolated from the people. In the long term that means peace.
Mi~TCH: But it is not difficult to f~ght the guerrillas7 .
Napoleon Duarte: No. It is not difficult if the outside support is severed. ~
And that is the problem with the intervention of France, Mexico,.Cuba, Nicara-
guae, Russia, Libya, Vietnam and all those countries which are strengthening the
guerrillas. ~
MATCH: Are you comparing France with Cuba?
Nagoleon Duarte: No, no. they are not the same. France is a democratic coun-
try. Mitterrand won free elections and has the right to be in power. That is
not true of Cuba. But, unfortunately there are countries who are giving mili-
tary aid and others who are helping by playing into the hands of the extreme
1eft. In doing that the French Government is playing into the communists' hands.
' 11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR O~FICIAL USE ONLY ~
MATCH: The left and extreme left are criticizing you violent. Are you s"crong
enough to malntain power?
Napoleon Duarte: When we took power the extreme right and the extreme left said
we would only last a week. We have been in power for 2 years. And we are
going to continue.
MATCH: The arnry is said to ha�~e most power in E1 Salvador. Do you not fear a
coup d'etat?
Napoleon Duarte: Of course. A coup is still possible. The extreme right con-
stantly plays on [the threat of] a coup. But at pre'sent there is no danger of
a coup. There is no danger of the arury t~aking an attitude opposed t~ the com-
promise to which it is committed.
MATCH: Do you share President iteagan's view that if the guerrillas triumph in
E1 Salvador all the Central American countries will be won cver 'oy communism?
Napoleon Duarte: That is the domino theory. I think that there is a strategy
- for Central America. If you consider geopolitics, you realize that communist
strategy is devel.oped by sectors. After acting in Cuba they acted in the
Donunican Republic, Panama, Guatemala, Jam~.ica, and throughout the Caribbean.
They have kept Cuba. Lost the rest and have penetrated Sou~ch America. Che
Guevara in Bolivia, then in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile. When they
failed ln that sector they mobilized in another region, Central .~merica: Nicara-
gua, ~1 Salvador, Guatema].a. If they triumph here they will have a spearhead.
And if they fail the will make plans for another region. Colombia, Venezuela,
Feru or Ecuador. They do not launch into just one country. They create sec-
tors which guarantee the stability of the co~nuni~t regimes. The~~ know that
with just Nicaragua in Central America it is difficult for them to steer the
region toward communism. That is because they need other countries. That is
the~justification for E1 Salvador but if they win, the next step takes them to
Guatemala. Then to Honduras to destabilize the region and strengthen ~he com-
munist~. They will not attain that because they will not win in E1 Salvador.
You can go to an}* part of the coimtry and you will realize that the communists
are not winning here.
MATCH: What type of regime do you want in El Salvador?
Napolenn Duarte: The only acceptable regime is that of democracy. There is
no doubr that we have vanquished totalitarianism, which is the foundation of
social j:njustice and is responsible for the violence in this country.
MATGH: A democratic regime with the left?
N;ipoleon Duarte: A democratic and ~ust regime. We say that there must be the .
alternative of a democratic revolution in~:t~.e country, not a violent revolution,
which is the Marxists' idea.
MATCfI: What is your attitude toward the left?
, 12
FOR OFF[CI~.L USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
.
- Napoleon Duarte: When I am asked whether I am on th.e right or the left, I
reply that I do not like to be labeled but that I love 3ustice and freedom and
that I am working for social reform and for the pror people. In that case man,y
pzople could describe me as a leftwing individual.
MATCH: Is it true that the pope might come to E1 Salvac~~r soon?
~
Napoleon Duarte: Yes, he may come. He would be weicomed by millions of Sal-
vadorans.
, MATCH: Have you already had contacts with John Paul II?
Napoleon Duarte: No. The archbishop has asked him to come. The foreign min-
ister has also asked him to come.
MATCH: What will you do if you lose the elections?
- Napoleon Duarte: You are asking me a pessimistic question.
MATCH: Is it not a possibility you have to consider?
Napoleon Duarte: .I am optimistic. But in that eventuality I think that I will
con tinue to struggle for democracy outside or inside the government. That is
my role. I am not going to leave the country, I wi11 stay here and I will strug-
gle. .
M~TCH: Will you sti11 take part in political life?
Napoleon Duarte: Fully.
MA~LCH: Do you fear for your life? ~
Napoleon Duarte: 1'here have already be~n attempts on my life. The other week
Radio Venceremos, the guerrillas' radio, stated that there might be attempts on
my li.fe. But that is the price which has to be paid for saving the country.
COPYRIGHT: 1982 par Cogedipresse S.A.
CSO: 3100/491
. 13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R004500050044-3
_ FOR OFFICiAL USE ONLY
COUNTRY SECTI0~1 EL SALVADOR
~UERRILLA LEAD~R SPEAKS WITH 'AKAflATA' '
OW020905 Tokyo AKAHATA in Japanese 29 Mar 82 p 7 ~
["Sunnnary" of remarks given by (Ha.bil), head of international affairs in the
Central Command of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), to
AKAHATA correspondent Yasuhiro Tan~ka on 25 March in Managua]
[Excerpts]~ Managua, Nicaragua--The Salvadoran people fought with legitimate
means and elections for years against the exploitation of the oligarchic '
government as well as against hunger and misery.
The U.S. imperialists were forced to modify their strategy after our general
offensive.last year. They thus embarked on an open intervention.
First, they began injecting enormous funds to maintain the economy and help
th~ oligarchic forces regain the public's confidence.
Second, they s.ent military advisers to bolster the government forces. Although
those advisers were stationed in the capital city in the first months, they
are now openly,seen in each camp and places where military operations are
going on. They are using assault helicopters. In addition to the open train-
ing of Salvadoran troops in the United States, secret training~is in progress~
at military bases in Panama and other places. Argentines and Israelis as
well as American troops are being used to torture members of the liberation
. forces. There are also the spying operations and infiltrations by the CIA
(U.S. Central Intelligence Agency).
Third, they are attempting to turn neighboring Honiiuras intQ a counterrevolu-
_ tionary stronghold. The U.S. Marine Corps and Green Berets are training
Honduran troops in counterguerrilla warfare to use them in interventionist
operations. In bord:ar areas, Honduran troops are cooperating with Salvadoran
troops in antiguerrilla operations. ~
We want the people the world over to know about the increasing U.S. interven-
tion in E1 Salvador over the past year. U.S. intervention is no longer a
mere possibility. It is a reality now and is expanding.
The following is our appeal to the Japanese Government and people:
14
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/42/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
First, we want them to know the realities of and truth about El Salvador.
We are fighting for an imp rovement in our living conditions and for a society
and political system that respects humanity. Justice rests with the libera-
tion front, tti~"Democratic Revolution Front. No nation would object to this
goal. We know ~the U.S. imperialists are trying to pressure Japan into
cooperation with its interventionist policy against Cer~tral American states.
The Japanese Government should know it will gain nothing from cooperation
with the inteXve~tionists against national self-determination and rights of
the people. "
We e~spect the Japanese peop le to manifest their support for and solidarity
with our struggle for freedom and self-determination and to raise their
voices to prevent the Japanese Government from taking part in the interven-
tion. In addition, we want them to extend us financial and medical
assistance if possible.
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Kyosan-To Chuo Iinkai 1982 nen
CSO: 4105/80
15
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
COUNTRY SECTION EL SALVADOR
BRIEFS ~
D'AUBUISSON SUPPORTS ANIl~TESTY LAW--San Salvador, 2 Apr (REUTER)--Maj Roberto
D'Aubuisson, leader of the Salvadoran extreme rightwing that claimed victory
in the constituent elections held last Sunday, said on Friday that he sup-
ports a legal amnesty for leftist guerrillas. The leader of the Nationalist ~
Republican Alliance (ARENA), told newsmen that the 60 percent of~ the vote won
by his party and its four allies in Sunday's elections reflect the people`s
rejection of the centrists in the Christian Democratic Party. ~Nevertheless,
he felt that it will be possible to hold talks with the Christian Democrats
on the formation ~f a government of national unity once the results of the
constituent elections are announced officially, perhaps this weekend. Major
D'Aubuisson emphasized, however, that the rightwing will not accept Gen [as
receivedJ Jose Napoleon Duarte, current president of.the 3unta and leader
of the Christian Democrats, as an interim president. On the sub~ect of the
leftist guerrillas, D'Aubuisson said: "We will adopt an amnesty law, but .
we will not talk with those who do not accepC democracy. If they persist in ~
the bloodletting, our first measure wi11 be to expel them." [Text] [PA022121
London REUTER in French 2054 GMT 2 Apr 82]
CSO: 3100/518
16
Fdl~ OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USF. ONLY
COUNTRY SECTION GUATEMALA
,
' PRELA' I2dTERVIEWS PEACE CO1~Il~IITTEE HEAD �
PA021615 Havana PRELA in Spanish 2023 GMT 1 Apr 82
[Article ~by Victorio M. Copa]
[Text] Havana, 2 Apr (PL)--Former Guatemalan Foreign Minister Guillermo
Toriello declared here that the recent military coup in his couni:y was pre-
pared and carried out with the support of the United States Depart~nt of
S ta te . ~
He also described as decisive the participation of Israel in maintaining the
repression in Guatemala and denounced the presence of military personnel
from Chile, Argentina and Taiwan.
In an interview with PRENSA LATINA the president of the Guatemalan Peace Com-
mittee declared that Cuban-born terrorists are linked with the paramilitary
bodies operating in his country.
' He added that the State Department plan included having General Hernan
Ovidio Moral Paix emerge in the firsC instance as the only one responsible
for the coup in order to~observe reactions inside Guatemala and abroad.
"But when they saw that the plan received the support of the officers in
order to oust the government of Gen~ral Romeo Lucas Garcia, they began to
maneuver so that'the xeal choices of the State Department would come to the
fore," added Toriello.
The foreign minister in the government of Jacobo Arbenz (1951-54) described
General Efrain Rios Mbntt as a protege of General Carlos Arana Osorio, one
of the most bloodthirsty military chiefs in the Gountry and known as the
"~ackal of the east." .
To~riello recalled that Rios Montt was army chief of staff at the time of the
slaughter of 800 people in the farming community of Sansirisay in the
Department of Progreso, Jalapa [as received], in the eastern part of the
country . ~
He said that the new regime chief served as director of the Polytechnical
School (a military institution), representative in the Inter-American Defense
17
. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2447/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500454444-3
- FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY
Board in Washington, director of the Inter-American Military School and
' military attache in Washington and Madrid.
Toriello said that Horacio Maldonado, promoted to general in 1980 by Romeo
Lucas Garcia, is very repressive and for years co~nanded the "Honor Guard"
Brigade, one of the three main garrisons of Guatemala City. ~
~ He added that Colonel Francisco Gordillo Martinez is a pro-Washington counter-
- insurgency specialist and unCil January, headed the military brigade of
. Quezaltenango, which conducted operations against the guerrillas.
Toriello added that there has been no essential change in Gua.temala and
stressed that what has occurred is a"change of military chiefs. It is a
~ government run by simians, some of them gorillas and others orangutangs."
i;SO: 3010/1298
18
FO~t OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
COUNTRY SECTION GUATEMALA
'AFRIQUE-ASIE' INTERVIEWS GUATEMALAN GUERRILLAS
PM061605 Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 29 Mar-11 Apr 82 pp 38-39
[Report by Nur polay: "Between Ballot Boxes and Arms"--undated i::~erviews
conducted in Guatemala by Marta Harnecker (not further identified)]
[Text] "If we had decided to fight right from the first day we would have
made a serious misCake because the enemy would then have launched its forces
against us with a great chance of wiping us out," Rapeil Samayac, commander
of the Third Front of the [Guatemalan] Organization of the People in Arms
[ORPA], said. '
Those rema.rks take on special significance when you know the reasons for the
creation of the ORPA: to wage armed struggle. And, according to Commander ~
Samayac, "the armed propaganda campaign sought--and that was one of ita most
important ab3ectives--to portray the people's war as the definitive solution
to the existing problems and situation."
It might seem paradoxical, therefore, that the ORPA spent 8 years without
carrying out any military action. This politico-military organization is
now described by Marta Harnecker as "one of the armed groups in this country .
which has carried out most military actions during the past 2 years, die-
concerting the enemy and drawing admiration and respect from the other
~ Guatemalan revolutionary organizations." For the ORPA that was still a
period~of "implanta~tion,".and they learned from the memory of several guer-
rilla mov~ments which had been wiped out before they had even taken root. ~
As soon as it was formed the ORPA realized that the aim was not to achieve
small successes~or spectacular actions in record time. Guerrilla warfare is ~
~ a war of attrition, and the main thing is to be able to keep going, while
draining the enemy's material and moral capabilities but also seeking to
extend the people's support for the struggle and to lead the masaes ~oward
ins urrec tion . .
The Revolutionary [as published] Armed Forces [FAR], the oldest organization
in the present armed struggle in Guatemala, knows about that. The Guatemalan
Labor Party [PGT].was largely responsible for its crea*_ion in 1962. The
latter, savagely persecuted after the overthrow of the progressive Arbenz
government, supported the conspiracy attempt by the democratic military
� 19 ~
~ � . FOR OFFiCIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500450044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
against Castillo Armas' regime in 1955 and tried to overthrow it "by calling
the masses onto the streets and trying to spark off a political general
strike which would lead to insurrection." Indeed it was an attempt to
repeat the plan which led to victory in 1944 without analyzing a historical
situa.tion which was no longer the same.
It was only after the triumph of the Cuban revolution that the PGT admitted
that sustained people's armed struggle is the only possible course for the
revolution in Guatemala. However, it was not easy to go into action. The ~
FAR was created after several failures and heavy losses. It is "a broad
organization of communist and noncommunist militants grouped into three
movements": the 20 October Movement comprising party members; the
13 November Movement--a group of rebel officers who took part in a plot
against the regime in 1961--which failed--and, finally, the 12 April Move-
ment comprising students, mainly from the Communist Youth Movement. ~
Pablo Monsanto, who joined the guerrillas at the age of 17, has been com-
mander in chief of th~ FAR for 10 years. He is one of those in the best
position to comment on the armed struggle in his country because he experi-
enced "the bitter moments of a guerrilla 2xQeriment which, despite its world
fame, suffered more defeats than victories in the~sixties." Mariy guerrilla
attempts have developed and vanished into thin air before his eyes.
Unlike the other Guatemalan leaders Monsanto does not think it is the com-
munist parties' conventional organic concept which prevented them from taking
part in the armed struggle. It is a question of line--a question which,
moreover, is more "practical" than "theoretical."
"The problem is not one of a politicomilitary organization," Monsanto said.
~"It is the struggle which is politicomilitary. .But it is necessary to have
a military organization and a political organization. The two cannot be
confused, they complement each other or are combined.... The political
leaderships can decide on the future of the war without being soldiers."
The need for these two levels o5� organization is clearly shown when it comes
to support from society, without which the gLerrillas could not exist.
Referring to "logistics" as one of the weak points of any army Monsanto
stressed the importance of organizing the masses who provide the logistical
support which is vital to the guerrillas. However, it is not "military"
organization of the mass~s but political organization "which makes them
aware of the fact Chat they should support the armed struggle and this mil.i-
tary force, and that that guarantees their victory and the triumph of the
revolutionary ob~ectives."
And the Masses... ~
If the masses are ever to ~oin the armed struggle they themselves must be
convinced that there is no other solution.
"The guerrillas cannot bring about that conviction solely by their example,"
Nlonsanto said. "An intermediate process of economic and social demands is
20
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY .
necessary before attaining political radicalization in order to move on.to
- new forms of struggle. If the guerrillae' military actions coin~ide with
the intens3f3cation of the masses' struggle, those acti~ns ca~ serve as a
~catalys t for t~ie~enthusiasm, will need those masses have to move on to a
higher form of struggle which, in this case, would be armed struggle." .
[sentence as published] ~ ~
"It is wrong,'~;,he also stressed, "to think that we are ~going to arm the
entire Guatemalan people~.... The~masses will have other.forms of participa-
tion." He was thinking of protests, general strikes and so forth. Although
the guerril~las' goal is to lead the masses into insurrectional situations,
they ar.e also aware that "the masses do not launch into insurrection unless
they can count-on a military force which is cspable of neutralizing the
enemy's repressive forces."� ' ~
' Rolando Moran, comma.nder in chief of the Guerrilla Arnry of the Poor EEGP],
gave further details on the possible nature and dimensions of this partici-
pation by the masses in the revolutionary st~uggle: "First we tried to ,
apply conventional tactics," Moran said: "penetration of the factories, ~
creation of cells. And yet that did not bring about the solution which we
were seeking.... We realized that the masses of a country like Guatemala--
which is, first, an underdeveloped country and, second, a country assailed
by repression--had differences determined by the levels of organization,
. radicalizat~ion or awareness.' In a situation of people's revolutionary war,
cadres do not necessarily emerge directly from broad mass organizations into '
the political and military vanguard to form the frontline contingent~s:.... In
- our case it.is necessary to count on mass organizations which are constantly
~ prepared and ready to move from strike action to political and revolutionary
- .struggle." ~ ~
Tt-~e work of political.organization to attain that ob~ective is carried out at
three levels: the level of the unorganized masses, the ?evel of organized '
but nonpoliticized mas~es and, finally, among the 'advanced sec.tions of the
masses organized in~to associations, trade unions and so forth. "It is' this.
sector which must feed what is called the mass revolutionary organizations,"
Moran added. However, �he specifie~.that that is not synonymbus with "having ,
- a group in a trade union to win the elections in order to control the trade
union is under its influence from then on." That is a typical miatake of so
many movements tn so many countries.... "In our view," Moran continued, "'the
most important thing is the grassroots and their most advanced sec~tions."
The EGP, FAR, ORPA and PGT are now grouped within a common front: ~the �
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union, but the process which led to that
was not an easy one. The EGP and ORPA are themselves organizati~ns which
~emerged from splits within the FAR back in 1965. ~
In the second half of the seventies the revolutionary forces were~divided,
weakened by internal struggles and incapable of directing the movement toward
the ov~rthrow of the existing regime and toward seizing power. The repressive
. Lucas~government took advantage� of that situation to hit all the organizationa
equally hard--aside from the ORPA which had not yet fully emerged--and the .
21
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040500050044-3
~ ' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
combative and repressed Guatemalan people are now in mourning for thousands
of their children. ~ ~
This fact has led to the recent creation of a United Pztriotic Unity Com-
mittee. The committae's aim is to support the guerrillas snd to work for
the formation of a national patriotic unity front in which the whole~opposi~
tion would participate. .
COPYRIGHT: 1982 Afrique-Asi~.
CSO: 3100/518 �
22
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY .
..5'~" ar ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/42/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3
FOR dFFICIAL USE ONLY ,
COUNTRY SECTION SURINAME
BRIEFS ,
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ESTABLISHED--Algiers, 2 Apr (PL)--Suriname and Algeria
have decided to establish diplomatic relations at the level of ambassadors,
it was announced officially. Both governments have taken the decision that
will be effective immediately, "with the desire to develop and consolidate
the relations of friendship and cooperation." Both [words indistinct] says
the announcement, [words ind~stinct] develop the relations between the two
states on the basis of international juridicial principles, as stipulated by
the charter of the United Nations, the principles of the movement'of non-
aligned countries and in accordance with the Vienna convention, dated 16
April 1961. [Text] ~PA021610 Havana PRELA in English 1942 GMT 1 Apr 82]
CSO: 3025/1074 END
23
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050044-3