JPRS ID: 10365 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500040011-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 54
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: REPORTS

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- JPRS L/ 1 0365
4 March 1982
~ Sub-Saharan Africa Re ort
p
FOUO No. 764
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/10365
4 March 1982
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
~ FOUO No. 764
~ CONTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
~ Austri~,n Trade With Africa in 1980 Reported
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 22 Jan 82) 1
CEAO Leaders Meetings, Joint Pro,jects Described
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 25 Dec 81) 10
Seneg~l-Angola Rapprochement Becomes Apparent
(Sylviane Kamara; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 23 Dec 81) 18
Monetary Review of UMOA Offered
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 8 Jan 82) 20
Political, Economic Review of 1981 Given
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 8 Jan 82) 23
Brie.f s
Work on Manantali Dam 26
; Agreement With Guinea-Bissau 26
ANGOLA
yi
South African Methods Observed in PETRAPiGOL Attack
(Achille Lollo; AFRIQU~-ASIE, ?1 Dec 81) 27
i
~ BFNIN
= Briefs
Agreements With Cuba 30
B?JRUPiDI
, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza Interviewed
- (Jean-Baptiste Bagaza Interview; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 3 Feb a2) 31
- a- [III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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- COMOP,O ISLANDS
- Briefs 3~
Bid Aid for Mutsamudu
ETHIOPIA
Ethio~ians Reportediy Launch Eritrean Offensive 35
_ (Mohamed Sidahmed; REUTER, 20 Feb 82)
Ethiopia Us:;s Chemical Weapons in Eritrea Attack
(Victoria Brittain; THE GUARDIAN, 17 Feb 82) 36
GABON
Disturbances Seen Part o~ Generalized African Phenomenon
(Sophie Bessis; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 23 Dec 81) 38
MADAGASCAR
Additional CCCE Aid, Loans Reported
(MARCHES TROPICALTX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 1 Jan 82)
Briefs ~l
Agreement Signed With Cuba
UPPER VOLTA
- Briefs 42
Border with Ghana ~2
French Delegation's Visit
ZAIRE
Mobutu Holdings in Switzerland Described
(Fode Amadou; AF'RIQUE-ASIE, 21 Dec 81-3 Jan 82) ~+3
Budget for 1982 Shows 1 Billion Zaire Deficit
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 1 Jan 82) 48
Council Studies Agricultural Ca.mpaign Ways To Improve Food Supply 50
-
(MARCHES TFtOPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 1 Jan 82
- b -
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
AUSTRIAN TRADE WITH AFRICA IN 1980 REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Jan 82 pp 184-187
[Excerpt] Austria's 20 Leading World Trading Partners (in billions of schillings)
Suppliers Customers
FRG 128.9 FRG 69.8
_ Italy 28.7 Italy . 24.8
Swi.tzerland 15.8 Switzerland 17
USSR 13.3 Great Brita3n 8.3
France 12.5 F~^ance 7.8
United States 10.7 Yugoslavia 7.4
Great Britain 8.7 USSR 6.2
Netherlands 8,5 Poland 6
Japan 7,6 Netherlands 5.9
Iraq % Sweden 5.8
Belgium ~ 6.2 Hungary 4.9
Saudi Arabia 5.9 United States 4.9
Czechoslovakia 5.8 Belgium. 3.2
_ Sweden 5.7 Czechoslovakia 3.1
Hungary 4.4 GDR 3
Libya 4 Iran 2.8
Poland 3.1 Denmark 2.6
Yugoslavia 2.6 Romania 2.5
Denmark 2.2 Norway 2.4
GDR 2.1 Iraq 2.2
Austria's 20 Leading African Suppliers and Customers in 1980 (in billions of schil-
lings)
Suppliers Customers
Libya 4,013.3 Nigeria ~ 2,227.9
Algeria 1,849.6 Libya 1,578.7
Nigeria 1,728.8 Benin 1,253.1
South Africa 1,301.6 Algeria 1,191.2
Egyp t 375.6 South Africa 1,104.2
Ivory Coast 251.1 Egypt 903
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hc~K u~M~c~a~ us~ oNLv
(cont.)
Tunisia 128.2 Tunisia 444.6
Namibia 106.5 Kenya 183.8
Kenya 104.8 Sudan 181.4
Cameroon 102.1 Togo 161.5
Ghana 99.3 Morocco 139.7
Zambia 76.9 Zaire 79.6
Zimbabwe 69.7 Zambia 67.1
Morocco 40.9 Tanzania 64.2
Tanzania 40.9 Cameroon 64.1
Mozambique 40.8 Somalia 62.3
Canary Islands 38.3 Ivory Coast. 55.4
Liberi.a 36.2 Ethiopia 51.2
Guinea 26.1 Angola 48.5
Burundi 24 Senegal 41.8
Austrian Imports From Africa
Austria's purchases fram Af rica are mainly energy products (77.4 percent), while
10.2 percent include food or parafood products, 5.2 percent are made up of mineral
raw materials, and the remainder involve metals, textile fibers, wood, hides and
- leathers and miscellaneous.
Austrian exports to Africa are highly varied, but mainly involve machines and elec-
~ trical and nonelectrical appliances, textile$ and especially embroidery and trans-
portation equipment (see Table CE-AUT-1 [not reproduced]).
Five African suppliers shipped oil to Austria:
Tons Millions of schillin s
Libya 1,077,870 4,011.56
Nigeria 470,134 1,659.11
Algeria . 469,569 1,783.11
EgyPt 59,146 226,44
Tunisia 19,978 73.51
Total 2,096,696 7,753.73
One can add to these imports of .crude oil the 4,990 tons of coal (4.57 million
_ schillings) from South Af rica.
Purchases of food products, generally unprocessed, come in second place with
~ 1.08 billion schillinss, including.beverages and tobaccos. The five most commonly
imported products were, in declining order: cacao and cacao products, 325 million;
, coffe, tea and spices, 255 million; fresh or dried f.ruits, 192 million; canned
fruits and vegetables, 132 million; and fresh or dried vegetables, 65 million.
- The other categories have a market of between 2 or 3 and 15 mi:Llian schillings.
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Cacao, Coffee and Fruits
Purchases of cacao totaled 7,410 tons of pods and 183 tons.of semi-finished products,
- mainly cocoa butter. Suppliers numbered six (tons and millions of schilings):
Pods Butter
Ivory Coast 3,858 tons (163,51) 68.tons (6.07)
Ghana 1,679 tons ( 73.03) 15 tons (1.24)
Nigeria 1,545 tons ( 59.1E) 100 tons (8.98)
Cameroon 170 tons ( 7.43)
Zaire 83 tons ( 3.05)
Sao Tome i5 tons ( 2.43)
Purchases of stimulants represented 4,950 tons, inciuding 4,787 tons of coffee and
49 tons of tea. Coffee came from a dozen countries. These are the main ones (in
tons and millions o~ schillings): Cameroon, 1,882 tons (88.22); Kenya, 1,541 tons
(84.92); Burundi, 459 (23.97); Ivory Coast, 389 (17.64); Ethiopia, 181 (10.59);
Angola, 114 ;5.23); Mozambique, 54.(3.33); Rwanua, 65 (3.24); Ta~izania, 52 (3.06);
and Uganda, 35 (1.63). There were only two tea suppliers: Kenya, 42 tons (2.29)
and Tanzania, 7 tons (.34).
Madagascar, the Comoro Islands and Reunion supplied spices, particularly pepper
(70 tons), cloves (40 tons) and vanilla (2 tons).
It is South Afr~ca that overwhelming?y supplies Austria with its f ruit, mainly
citrus fruits and ~ruit with seeds from temperate zones. In 1980, it shipped
16,000 tons of various kinds of fruit to Austria for 171'million schillings. It
was followed by Morocco (mainly citrus �ruits): 1,721 tons (10.62); the Ivory
Coast (tropical fruits, e~ccept for bananas) : 615 tons (6.5) ; Libya (lemons) :
130 tons (.71); Egypt; 124 tons (.72); Kenya: 54 tons (1.77); and Tunisia
- (dates): 10 tons (.49). Fresh or dried vegetables (6,212 tons) come from the
Canary Islands (20.4 million), Morocco (14.87), Egypt (12.91), South Africa
(10.22), Ethiopia (5), and Kenya (1.1).
Canned goods from Africa mainly included fruits (in syrup or juice): pineapples,
- guavas, peaches, apricots and citrus fruits. The main supplier ~s South Africa
(14,556 tons), for 129.27 million schillings, inc],uding 6,529 tons (57.5) of
peaches in syrup and ~,636 tons (33.32) of sliced pineapple. The other partici-
pants in the market are insignificant: Kenya (54 tons; .51):and the Ivory Coast
(36 tons; .27).
In 1380, Austria impor~ed 5.25 million schillings worth of oil-yielding seeds,
mainly peanuts from Senegal and the Sudan, and some molasses (1.23 million) from
- Egypt or South Africa. One notes the entry of some 510 tons of uncured tobacco
- (16.02 million) from Zimbabwe (281 tons; 9 million), Malawi (177 tons; 6.73 mi.l-
lion) and Mozambique (50 tons; .29 million). Two countries sold Austria some
oil cakes: Sudan (124 tons; .44 million) and Senegal (95 tons; .32 million). Two
others sold fish flour: Mauritania (189 tons; .14 million) and Morocco (102 tons;
. 64 million) .
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Imports of fresh food praducts of animal origin represented only 20 million schil-
lings. Meat (14.8 million) was purchased exclusively fram South Africa, along with
farm products (2.9 million). Fresh fish (2.3 million) came from Senegal (1.86) and
Egqpt (.44).
- Chapter 16 of the Brussels Nomenclature (canned foods of animal origin) involved
moderate amounts (6.37 million schillings) because of canned fish from Morocco
(5.22 million) and South Africa (1.15).
Minerals and Metals
Imports of minerals mainly included the following products: .
Nonmetallic minerals: asbestos (4,184 tons; 42.3 million) f ro*.n South Africa and
Zimbabwe; clays, granites and porphyry (6,910 tons; 20.66 million) f rom South
Africa and Angola. �
Metallic ores: chrome ore (39,929 tons; 64.95 million), South Africa; 1.ron ore
(66,372 tons; 33.44), Liberia; antimony ore (49 tons; 1.18), South Af rica; other
ores (1,360 tons; 38..73), South Africa and Mozambique; slag and cinders (7,784
tons; 86.34), South Af rica; aluminum oxide (included in Chapter 28 of the Brussels
Nomenclature) (388 tons; 5.77), South Africa; other inorganic products (2,745 tons;
241.83), South Africa.
Purchases of inetals are distributed as follows (in millions of schillings, round
figures)� ferrous metals, 70; copper, 261; nickel, 25; others, 10; metal objects
(Chapters 82 and 83 of Brussels Nomenclature): 16. Purchases of ferrous metals
were from South Africa (42 million schillings) and Zimbabwe (25 million). Copper
mainly came from Namibia (103 million), South Af,rica (87), Zambia (F8.5) and a
few small vendors of copper waste (Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana,.and so.on). The two
nickel suppliers wer,e South Africa (20.7) and Zimbabwe (3).
African textiles were i.mported much more than wood. The main sellers of cotton
were (classified by value): South Africa (4,492 tons; 117.32 milliun); Egypt
(1,115 tons; 40.72); Tanzania (1,288 tons; 35.01); Zimbabwe (664 tons; 19.19);
Sudan (572 tons; 17.69); Chad (250 tons; 6.24); the Canary Islands (51 tons;
1.26); the Ivory Coast (17 tons; .8 million); and Ethiopia (22 tons; .65). Two
countries sold cotton yarn: Egypt (851 tons; 47.fi2 million) and South Africa
(28 tons; 1.54 million). Sisal was bought from Kenya (461 tons; 5.17 million),
Madagascar (101 tons; 1.15 million) and Tanzania (148 tons; 1.14 million). Austria
bought 100 tons of linen from Egypt (20.5 million) and 647 tons of raw ~r par-
tially processed wool from South Africa for 20.5 million schillings.
Rough or Sawn Wood
Rough or sawn wood was bought from t~.e following countries:
Rough Sawn
~ Tons M. Schillings Tons M. Schillin~s
Ivor,y Coast 7,126 33.17 1,670 14.81
Gabon 2,507 15.24 82 .63
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(cont.)
_ Ghana 1,265 5.77
Cameroon 364 1.9E 509 3.62
Liberia 316 1.86 58 .45
Congo 256 1.57 19 .27
Zaire 88 .79 49 .36
Angola 32 .20
Ghana - 2,151 15.68
Canary Islands 148 1.19
Zambia 152 1.09
South Africa 108 .90
Nigeria 51 .50
Wood imports having undergonP more extensive processing (plywood or veneer, for
example) are rather low (222 tons; 3.5 million) and mainly involve Zaire, Ghana
and the Ivory Coa~t. Some door frames (182 tons; .43 million) were bought from
- South Africa.
Five or six African countries sold Austria 22.3 million schillings worth of hides
_ and leathers: South Africa (0.93); Egypt (3.5), Namibia (3.32), Morocco (2.24,),
Kenya (1.65) an3 Tanzania (.64).
Purchases of tems and preci.,us metals totaled 21.6 million schillings. Imported
products of exclusively S~~uth African origin were as follows: diamonds (2.2 mil-
lion), silver (15.5 mi Llion); gold and alloys (2.8 million); platinum (1.1 million).
Af rican exports of semi-ftnished and finished products are very modest and mainly
involve Tunisia: paper pulp, 1,299 tons, 14,76 million (Tunisian orig3.n); hand-
made rugs, 25.4 million, from Tunisia (14.8 nillion), Egypt (6.8) and Morocco
(3.8); hats, 2.75 million, from South Africa (1.77), Tunisia (.69) and Kenya
(.29); ready-to-wear, 15.08 million, from Tunisia (7.02), South Africa (5.59)
and Gambia (2.48).
Austrian Exports to Africa
The main categary of goods expQrted by Austria to Africa in 1980 included machines
and apparatuses: 2.04 billion schillings, including 1,555,000,000 for nonelectric
machines and 485 million for electric machines.
Over 1.5 Billion Schillings for Nonelectrical Machines
In the sector of nonelectric machines, the largest turnover is in the rather
vague zone that goes from Section 84-56.to the end of Chapter 84 of the.Brussels
Nomenclature and that covers: milling, crushing and mixing equipment, cement
mixers, molds, presses, automatic distribution machines, nonspecific machines not
recorded elsewhere and their parts, bits and braces, ball~bearings, metal-plastic
joints, and so on. All of this equipment amounted to 465 million schillings in
exports. The main customers were: Nigeria (128.1), South Africa (126.1), Egypt
(53.1), Algeria (46.7), Kenya (29.6), Sudan (22.5) and Libya (15.7).
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In second place are pumps and compressors, air conditioners, refrigerators; burners,
filters, driers, separators, cleaning and packing machines, pulverizers, lifts and
handling equipment, and so on that is, articles between headings 84-10-01 and
84-22-90 inclusive, for a tutal of 440 mill.ion schillings, including 113.2 for
Algeria, 74.2 for Nigeria, 69.8 for Egypt, 48.3 for Libya, 35 for Sudan, 29.7 for
Kenya and 24.9 for South Africa.
Boilers, turbines and various motors occupy third place: 180.5 million schillings.
The best customers are Nigeria (58.2), South Africa (42.1), Somalia (35.5), Algeria
(21.9) and Egypt (10.6).
Excavators, lifting and handling equipment, agricultural machinery, apparatuses for
f~od industries, machines for the paper and publishing industry (section 84-23 to
8=?-35 inclusive) represented 151.3 million schillings: Tunisia (37.4), Algeria
(30.5), Morocco (25.4), South Africa (18~5) and Nigeria (17.5).
Machine tools (84-43 to 84-50 inclusiv'e) ~~sulted in a turnover of 1~19.5 mil~ion
and especially involved South Africa (56.3) snd Algeria (35.5).
Machi.nes for the textile and shoe industries (sections 84-35 to 84-42 inclusive),
totaling 101 million schillings, mainly ~aent to Nigeria (28.9), South Africa
(27.4), Algeria (15.7) and Cameroon (11.7).
Office machines (84-51 to 84-55 inclusive) did not prosper: 5.22 million schillings
in sales, mainly to Tunisia (1.6) and Libya (1.6).
Cutting and Inst~llation Equipment
Elpctrical apparatuses (485 million schillings) were mainly bought by Egypt
(168.5), Algeria (71), Libya (64.2), South Africa (.54), Nigeria (25..3) and Tunisia
(18.5). In the area of generators, motors and transformers (85-O1), which repre-
sents 151.6 million schillings in exports, one country stands out: Egypt, with
81.9 million in purchases.
Amung the other classifications of electrical equipment (333.4 million schillings),
the one that is noteworthy is equipment for cutting and installation (85-19).
In 1980, it represented 165.5 million schillings in exports, mainly to Egypt
(74.4), Algeria (24.8), Libya (22.3), South Africa (18.3) and Nigeria (7).
- Benin and Embroidery From Boralbers~
~xports of textile articles come immediately after machines and apparatuses, with
1.82 billion schillings in turnover and are in the lead if one does not regroup
electrical and nonelectrical machines.
It is mainly embroidery work, constituting the specialty of Voralberg.Province and
mainly the city of Lustenau, which influences the sector. Table CE-AUT-D [below]
gives sales of products in statistical chapter 58 of the Brussels Nomenclature.
Austrian embroidery work (1,476,600,000 schillings) went almost totally (97.1
percent) to Benin (81.6 percent), Nigeria (8.4 percent) and Togo (7.1 percent).
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It is likely that these considerable purchases are not exclusively to cover Benin
~ or Togolese needs, but could interest the large English-speaking countries nearby.
Auetrian Exports of Embroidery Work to Africa (in millions of schillings)
Benin 1,204.89 Mauritania 0.64
Nigeria 124.14 Egypt 0.62
Togo 105.32 Congo 0.54
Senegal 20.99 Comoro Islazids 0.44
Niger 8.78 Gambia 0.43
I~vory Coast 4.48 Ghana 0.26
South Africa 1.95 Liberia 0.24
Cameroon 1.92 Comoro Islands 0.21
Zaire 0.70 Tota"1 1,476.55
Une will note exports of varying importance in the other chapters including textiles
(from 50 to 63): 125 million for cotton fabrics (Chapter 55); 62 million for arti-
ficial or synthetic textiles in Chapters S1 and 56; 26 million for hats and ready-
to-wear (60 and 61), 17 million for rope, string, nets and special fabrics in Chap-
ter 59, and so on.
Nigeria: Buyer of Austrian Transport Equipment
Exports of transport equipment mainly involves only road transportatian: a total
_ of 1,645,000,000 schillings. The outstanding buyer is Nigeria, with a tota~ of
~ 1,205,300,000. Far behind are the othe~ major customers: Libya (168.1 million),
Tunisia (80.1), South Africa (57.4), Guinea (40.4), Egypt (18.6) and Cameroon
(10.4). Purchases fall into the following categories (in millions of schillings):
tractors, 367; private cars, 266.6; utilitarian vehicles, 895.4; other types and
spare parts, 116.
It will be noted that for private cars, Austria has 28 different customers, in-
cluding Nigeria (204 million schillings) an.d Guinea (21.9). The remaining 40.7 mil-
lion are divided among the 26 others.
For tractors and utilitarian vehiclQS, customers are more spread out (in millions
of schillings):
Tractor.s Utilitarian
Nigeria 207 738
Tunisia 77
South AFrica 47.3 8
Libya 29.4 109.6
Kenya 6.3 2.6
Guinea 15.9
EgYPt 10.7
Others 10.6
Total 367 895.4
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Exports of common metals and objects and items made of common metals represented
1.18 billion sctiilling5, including 880 nillion for ferrous metals. The main buyer~
were: Algeria (2Q1 million), Nigeria (172), South Afr~ca (123), E~ypt (llb), Libya
(96.5) and Tunisia (3b). Aluminum (76 million) w~s mainly bougtit by Niseri3 (44~1),
South Africa (8.7), Libya (5? and Algeria (4.8). Objects of common metals (Chapters
82 and 83) mainly involved South ~f rica (39 million), Algeria (27), Libya (25),
Nigeria (16.5), Egypt (12) and Tunisia (10).
Paper sales exceeded '760 million schillings, including 753 million for blank paper.
The main customers were Algeria (159), Egypt (126), Nig~ria (74.5), Tunisia (65.6),
Libya (~4.9), Zaire (35.7), ~forocco (26.3), ~outh Africa (24.5), Tanzania (21),
Kenya (18.2), Sudan (13.2), Ethiopia (12.1), Cameroon (8.9), the Ivory Coast (8.3),
Zambia (7.7), Angola (7.1), Benin (6.6), Uganda (6.5), the Congo (4) and Togo (3.9).
Saies oi wood represented 483 milliou schillings, or 441 million in sawn wood of
average quality and 1.1 million in rough wood, 18 million in plywood and veneer
and 22.9 million in articles of wood. The best customers for sawn wood were
Tunisia (81.1), Sudan (33.6), Libya (30.8) and Algeria (13.7).
Among the other export markets worthy of interest, one should point out, in the
(expanded) cagegory of chemical products (beginning with hydrocarbons, Chapter 27,
and ending with rubber, Chapter 40), representing a total of 745 million schillings,
the followin~ classifications:
Chapter 39, plastic products: 199 million schillings, including: Egypt (4,651
tons; 702 million); Libya (1,674; 40.1); South Africa (453; 22.4); Nigeria (683;
20.3); Tanzania (557; 15.9); Zambia (518; 10.1); Tunisia (267; 7.3); Algeria
(96; 6.8), and so on.
Chapter 40, rubber and rubber articles: 153 million schillings, includingand so on.
Nigeria (63.7i, Algeria (43.8), Libya (11.9), Kenya (3.9), Tunisia (3.8),
Chapter 27, refined petroleum products: 133 million, including: South Africa
(116.4) and Algeria (12.6).
Ch~.nter 30, pharmaceutzcal prr,ducts: 96 million, including: Libya (26.8),
Al;;eria (21.2) and Nigeria (16.2).
Chapter 36, explosives: S1 million, including Libya (32.7) and ?aire (5.7).
Chapter 29, organic chemical products: 44.5 mi2lion, i_ncluding: Egypt (21.3),
South Africa (9.9) and Kenya (4.2).
Chapter 28, mineral chemical products; 20 million, including: Egypt (8.9) and
South Africa (3.9).
Chapter 38, miscellaneous chemic~l products, including disinfectants: 17.5 million,
including: Egypt (4.7), Libya (3.5) and Algeria (2.6).
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' Chapter 32, dyes: 16.5 million, including: Egypt (8.7) and Nigeria (2.9).
Chapter 34, janitorial products: 3.5 million.
Chapter 33, perfumes and cosmetics: 3.million.
Lemonade for Libya .
In the group of food products, two or three categories should be pointed out:
Milk products (Chapter 4), 160 million schillings. Best customers: Algeria (58.2),
Libya (25.2), Tunisia (19�9), Senegal (10.8) and the Canary Islands (9.9).
Be-~erages (Chapter 22), 158.5 million schillings, essentially including sales of
lemonade to Libya (16,586 tons; 155.4 million). ~lustria sold only a total of 31
tons of beer (.3 million) to Angola.
Canned vegetables (Chapter 20), 51.5 million schillings, almost exclusively to
Libya (3,405 tons of grape juice,~citrus or other fruits, generally with sugar,
- for 49.5 million).
- Grains (Chapter 10), 34 million schillings. Wheat sold to Egypt (10,300 tons).
It should be emphasized that exports of live animals in 1980 represented nearly
220 million schillings, mainly including cattle imported by Libya (184), Egypt
(18), Angola (11.8) and Tunisia (4.7).
Concerning construction materials (or related goods), glass is in the lead with
58 million schillings (South Africa, Algeria, Ivory Coast), ahead of bricks and
ceramics (Chapter 68), with 46 million schillings, purchased by Algeria.
Austrian furniture exports (Chapter 94) are greater, with 82 million schillings,
than those of optical equipmen* and instruments of ineasure and precision (Chapter
90), which had 47 millio:l. Finally, some 12.5 million schillings worth of musical
instruments or sound equipment (Chapter 92) were sold.
COPYRIGHT; Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1982
~
11,464
- CSO: 4719/536
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
CEAO LEADERS MEETINGS, JOINT PROJECTS DESCRIBED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No 1885, 25 Dec 81 pp 3~+~5-3~+~8
[TextJ After their ministers and experts met on 11 and 12 December, the heads of most
of the French-speaking countries in West Africa met in Dalcar for 2 days--Monday and
Tuesday, 14 and 15 December--to study their economic problems with the West African
_ Economic Community conference, their defense problems with the ANAD [Non-Aggression
and Defense Aid Agreement] conference, and their financial problems with the UMOA
[West African Monetary Union] conference.
~ Although no unforeseen decision was ~.ade during the CEAO and the ANAD conferences,
on the other hand, an apparently unexpected decision was announced after the UMOA
conference, the decision /not to admit Mali/ for the time being /to the UMOA/
[in boldface].
However, Mali's admission seemed to have been won, due to the extensive work which
had prepared the way for Mali's integration into the UMOA zone, an integration with
complex and difficult problems.
- It would have been Upper Volta's vote which would have prevented Mali from using the
' CFA franc, and this veto would have political reasons, not economic ones. The border
conflict which has set Upper Volta against Mali several times over the past years is
recalled. For Upper Volta, this conflict has not been settled and Colonel Saye
Zerbo, prssident of the Republi~ of Upper Volta would therefore have required reso-
lution of his border conflict with Mali before agreeing to Mali's entry into the
UMOA.
Officially, the conference of the heads of state r~quested "extended deliberation in
, order to make subsequent decision," as the conference's f inal communique indicates.
At the end of the three Dakar conferences, it appeared that:
- the CEAO is progressing on schedule and the large community projects will be
achieved little by little;
- the ANAD will be "launched," the heads of state having signed the protocol for its
application and adopted the general secretariat's general organizational structure
and the distribution of positions;
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- the UMOA remains well-established, with its two basic institutions, the BCEAO
[Central Bank of the West African States] and the BOAD [West African Development
Bank].
On the other hand, the desire for an ever more active solidari~y among the member
states must be stressed, a solidarity whose foundations are at once cultural, due
to use of the French language; monetary, due to the CFA franc; and historical, due
to former membership in the AOF [French West Africa] Federation. However, West
Africa's three community organizations do not exactly include all the countries which
are represented as follows:
CEAO ANAD UMOA
- Senegal X X X
Mauritania X X
Mali X X
Niger X X X
Upper Volta X X X
Ivory Coast X X Y
Benin X
To go X X
Benin and Togo are not members of the CEAO, but do have observer status. It will be
noted that Guinea is the only one of the eight former members of the ACF who does
not belong to any of the three organizations.
The presidency of the CEAO and of the UMOA for 1982 have been entrusted again to Mr
Abdou Diouf, president of the Republic of Sengal, while General Eyadema, president
_ of the Republic of Togo, has been made president of the ANAP. ,
~ In regard to the CEAO, whose development involves not only the enterprises of inember
countries, but also European enterprises which might inv?st in West Africa, we are
presenting the large community projects as they were finalized for the Dakar con-
ference.
The interest which financial institutions specializing in aid to African countries
- have in the CEAO must also be stressed and was confirmed by the arrival in Dakar of
about 10 of their directors, invited to speak at the opening session: Messrs David
Knox, vice president of the World Bank; Edgard Pisani, development commissioner for
the EEC; Ahmed Mohamed Ali, president of the Islamic Development Bank; Chedly Ayari,
president of the Arab Bank for African Economic Development; Donatien Bihute, vice
president of the Afrtcan Development Bank; Chihata, general manager of the special
fund of OPEC; Bertin Borna, regional representative of the UN Development Program;
Rolland-Billecart, general manager of the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation;
Badel A1 Humaidi, general manager of the Kuwaiti Fund; A1. Ambari, president of the
Iraqi Fund; J. Dromer, president of the International Bank for West Africa (the only
private establishment invited to the CEAO conference, due to its specialization in
- African affairs).
As we reported, a meeting of CEAO donors took place in Ougadougou from 12 to 14
October last year to examine coamnunity projects and the 45 billion CFA francs in
financing expected to assure their achievement.l
1. See MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, No 1877 of 30 October 1981, p 2752.
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CEAO Community Projects
Established by the fourth summit at Bamako in October 1987, the large coimnunity
projects were classified "priority actions for integration and economic development"
by the sixth conference of the heads of state of the community held in Niamey in
October 1980.
They involve the following seven projects: (1) village and rural water program;
(2) CESAG [African Center for Advanced Management Studies]; (3) a community corpora-
tion for outf itting ~hips, purchasing and marketing fish products; (4) ISSTH [Advanced
Institute of Halieutic Science and Technology]; (5) EMIG [School of Mining and Geologyl;
(6) ESITEX [Advanced School of Textile Industries]; (7) CRES [Regional Solar Energy
Center].
FOSIDEC [Fund for Solidarity and Intervention for the Development of the Community],
- also established at the fourth summit, has as its miSSion to contribute to the economic
and social development of the six member states of the CEAO and, as such, it partici-
pates in the achievement of the large projects.
1) Village and Rural Water Program
Village water programs seem more and more to be an essential prerequisite to any
planning for rural de~elopment, especially in the countries of the Sahel. Their
justification basically resides in the improvement of sanitary conditions and water
supply. Furthermore, the significant time savings over the traditional method af
providing water to rural communities can be profitably used for an economic or edu~a-
tional activity.
The aim of the CEAO program is r~o~ only completion of 2,634 water sources in the six
countries of the co~nunity to assure water supply to the most disadvantaged areas,
but also training and encouraging the villagers in maintenance of the water system,
especially of drill holes and wells.
, The distribution of projects by country is as follows: Ivory Coast: 300 productive
drill holes; Upper V.~lta: 320 productive drill holes, 4C"v wells; Mali: 250 produc-
tive drill holes, 250 wells; Mauritania: 120 productive drill holes, 244 wells;
~ Niber: 100 productive drill holes, 400 pump wells; Senegal: 125 productive drill
holes, 125 wells.
Furthermore, the CEAO program aims, through training or continuing education, to train
national managers in the areas of drilling, hydrogeology and geophysics.
- 2) School of Mining and Geology (EMIC). Location: Niamey (Republic of Niger)
The School of Mining and Geology will have three principal activities: training of
engineers, continuing education, applied research.
FOSIDEC Fund for Solidarity and Intervention for the Development of the Community
BP 2529, Ouagadougou (Upper Volta), Telex: FOSIDEC 5342 UV Ouaga Telephone: (226)
347-94
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FOSIDEC is distinct from the FCD [Community Development Fund] which must provide
compensation for losses on import receipts submitted by member state5, due to the
application of preferential tariff rates in the CEAO zone.
F'OSIDEC is a specialized financia]. institution created on 28 October 197II by the member
states of the CEAO and given financial autonomy and legal status. As of 31 December
1981, its endowment amounted to 9,500 million CFA francs, with 7,275 invested.
Its role is both that of a guaranty fund and a financial development institution.
Protocol "M�S which contains FOSIDEC's articles defines five types of Fund activity:
guarantee and counter.-~igning of loans; financing community and company studies within
_ the Community; subsidies; granting loans; investment.
The Fund can guarantee loans for a total amount equal to 10 times its guaranty funds
as of the date of its involvement. Investment income, after deduction of the Fund's
operating expenses, is intended for the financing of studies and for interest subsidy
in the form of repayable grants.
FOSIDEC can act in all areas of economic activity: industry, agriculture, animal
husbandry, fishing, commerce, transportation and communicationa, infrastructures,
tourism, social programs, etc.
FOSIDEC acts for the benefit of: member states of the CEAO, public individuals from
these states, private individuals from these states, on the condition that the head-
quarters and the principal f ield of activity be located in one of the member states
and that the ma~ority of the capital belong to nationals of the ~foresaid states;
individuals of one of the six nationalities of the member states. Particular attention
- is granted to small and middle-size businesses.
In its actions, FOSIDEC gives priority to regional projects (involving several states)
and to those originating in the le~st industrialized states.
From May 1979, date of establishment of the Fund's basic organization, to 30 April
1981, FOSIDEC has been involved in 21 projects, representing an overall commitment
distributed as follows: guarantee and countersigning, 6,760 million CFA francs;
financing of studies, 142.3 million CFA francs; interest subsidy, 63 million CFA francs.
- Preliminary training of engineers. In 5 years, the sct~.ool will train engineers for
mining, geological p.rospecting and processing of ores.
- Continuing education. The school has two types of activity: first of all, in
_ cooperation with the profession, organizing cycles or stages of continuing education
lasting from several days to several weeks open to both engineers and advanced tech-
nicians or persons with similar training and several years professional experience
(4 to 5 years minimum) the opportunity to obtain a~. engineering degree (after having
proved their intellectual capability through appropriate testing).
- Applied research. This should enable establishment of data and information on the
industrial and administrative level.
Lepending on the date of the school's opening, it should promote 30 to GO engineering
students and 50 to 60 advanced technicians.
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rUK Uhrif.iAL UJC, UleILY
Recruiting qualifications are defined as follows: for engineers: science degree
_ required with distinction or at least a good academic record; length of program:
5 academic years; for advanced technicians: science degree; length of program: 3
academic years.
- Cost oF the EMIG; 7 to 8 billion CFA francs, or 150 million French francs, or
$25 million.
3) Advanced Institute of Halieutic Science and Technology [ISSTH] Location:
Nouadhibou (Islamic Republic of Mauritania).
The Institute is intended to give the countries of the Community management personnel
with special training adapted to the conditions for exploring, developing and managing
fish, ocean and mainland resources. Training will have two advanced cycles (engineers
and technicians). It will be based on a minimum of applied research. The Institute
should also plan for a program intended to train consulting engineers and organize
courses or stages for continuing education.
- Direct recruitment. The Institute will provide training at two levels: (1) advanced
fishing technicians, holders of the baccalaureat or equivalent degree, length of
program: 3 academic years; (2) fishing engineers, recruited at the end of the first
university c}Tcle (DUES or equivalent), length uf program: 3 academic years.
- Recruiting by professional examination. The Institute's board of directors will
deCermine the procedure.
- Recruiting by title. Agricultural engineers and water and forestry engineers or
holders of equivalent degree.
- Level of recruiting. Fishin~ engineers: 20 per year; advanced technicians: 30
to 40 per year.
- Cost of the project (1981 revised estimate): 2 billion CFA francs, or 40 million
French francs or $7 million.
4) Co~c?unity corporation for outfitting ships, purchasing and marketing fish products.
Lo~ation: Nouadhibou (Islami~ Republic of Mauritania).
The member states of the CEAO, on the whole, are profitting very little from the
potential of the waters which border their coasts. The planned corporation wi11 be
intended especially to help these countries to achieve self-sufficiency in food
supply and to remedy the Community's malnutrition problems. The insufficiency of
animal protein f.or human consumption in the sub-region is estimated at 285,000 metric
tons in 1980 and 500,000 for the year 2000.
The community corporation has assigned itself as goals:
- reduction of the insufficiency of animal protein in the human diet by going from
16 g/day to 30 g/day per inhabitant in areas where there is no fish. (Installation
of a cold line in addition to a pilot operation for meat and fowl, fruits and
- vegetables, and dairy products);
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- contributing to making the freezer plants in Nouadhibou, Dakar and Abidjan pro-
f itable; ,
- contributing to stimulation of the fishing industry by: distribution of wages and
income; currency savings for importers; conversion of f ishing licenses often granCed
to foreign ships without subsequent economic reprisals; possibilities of new oppor-
tunities for shipping lines established and nationa.l fleets; transfer of technology;
other in3uced effecta. ~
- Three roles: outfitting (establishing a fleet), plants (refrigeration - shops -
offices), marketing (purchasing, sales of fresh, frozen and other processed fish).
- Planned agreement: ships' flags and registry; tax and duty rates; fishing limits
and laws; creation of ~obs.
5) Advanced School of Textile Industries [ESITEX]
_ The mission of ESITEX, a specialized CEAO institution, is to train and adapt to the
labor market management and advanced technicians for the textile industries. ESITEX,
which will open its doors in October 1983 in Segou, Mali, will not only train engi-
neers, advanced technicians and foremen, but will also provide continuing education
for textile industry personnel.
One of the characteristics of this establishment will ~e applied research and assis-
tance to industry through an ever more active role as consulting engineer to textile
manufacturers. The length of training is 5 years for engineers and 2 years for
advanced technicians; training is both scientific and technical.
- Cost of the Project: 4.4 billion CFA francs.
6) African Center for Advanced Management Studies [CESAG]
Location: Dakar (Senegal).
CESAG is an advanced study, post-graduate, bilingual center with a regional and an
African role. CESAG will provide training and continuing education to all managers
and executives with the ability and the aptitude required to lead companies and
administrations in the countries of the sub-region.
CESAG will contribute its support to other institutions in the sub-region and will
also benefit from the exchange of information which will be sat up. It will organize
research and proceed with studies on the concrete problems of companies in the para-
public private sector as well as in the public sector, to find practical and opera-
tional solutions. It will verify the feasibility of the solutions proposed in the
field after studying the cases and precise diagnosis of specific situations.
The role of adviser to companies will assure the link between the reality of manage-
ment in the field and the traintng given at the Center.
- Two stage process. The first stage is constituted by the ESGE [Senegal Advanced
School of Enterprise t�tanagement]; the second stage: extending the structure and
the goals (educational content, cycles and training models) activities and admini-
stration to the member states of CEAO and CILSS [Inter-State Committee to Fight the
Drought in the Sahel].
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7) Regional Solar Energy Center [CRES]
Location: Bamako (Mali)
The CRES is aimed at: providing training for the necessary staff, centralizing
information on energy problems and handling its distribution, developing applied
research in. solar energy as well as in other renewable forma of energy, promoting
new energy projects through study and engineering, designing and producing solar
equipment on the industrial level which responds to the needs of inember countries
of the CEAO and the CILSS, actively participating in the development of international
= and regional African c~operation in the area of renewable energy, and participating
in the drafting of an overall energy strategy for the member countries of the CEAO
and the CILSS.
The production division will be principally directed Cowards three f ields of activity
of vital importance to rural populations: equipping water sources ~~~ith solar pumps
(1 kw) for village (huma.z and animal) water systems; irrigation and agricultural
development (using, 10 kw pumps); water management in general.
Production will also assure: preservation of foodstuffs by solar drying and refri-
~eration; heating watAr for multiple family uses and for health establislunents
(hospitals, dispensaries, maternity wards, etc,); cootiing food; the struggle against
the drying up of the Sahel countries whose energy needs are currently 75 percent
satisfied by wood f uel.
Training will be provided for technici.ans, applications engineers and researchers
called upon to assure the transfer of foreign technic~l assistance within the regional
center. A campaign to imform the people and make them aware of solar energy and
other sources of renewable energy will be implemented gradually.
Cost of the CRES: 8.4 billion CFA francs, or 168 million French francs or $29 million.
Financial Costs of the Projects
- Debt costs. Debt service for all seven projects (including the village and rural
water program) ranges from 667 million CFA f rancs for the first years (1984 to 1986)
to 1,761 million CFr1 francs for the highest year (1990). In current franc value,
th~~ cost for the project years is around 1,400 million CFA francs.
Considering inflation rates, debt costs will go down and their coverage should not
constitute a major problem for the organization.
- Operational expenses. The total operating expenses for all of the pro~ects are
still poorly defined, with certain items remaining to be clarified, particularly
since the problem ~f these expenses comes up in 1985.
On the other hand, it must be stressed that all the projects have been revised down-
ward and the reduction of the projects (particularly EMIG, ISSTH and ESITEX) will
result in a concomitant reduction in their operating ~~xpenaes.
It is actuall.y certain that if the countries pay their dLes to the community develop-
ment fund on schedule, a significant perceritage of the recurring charges for the
projects will be covered.
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Between now and 1985, it will be possible to investigate other existing possibilities:
reduction of operating costs; f inancing by outside technical assistance donors;
participation by financing sources in operating expenses (replacing equipment, scholar-
ships, technical assistance); participation of professional users (iridustries involved);
partial allocation by the countries of the state technical training tax paid by the
industries which are benefiting.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
9693
CSO: 4719/447
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4~UR UFFICIAL U5E UNLY
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
SENEGAL-ANGOLA RAPPROCHEMENT BECOMES APPARENT
- Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1094, 23 Dec 81 p 24
[Article by Sylviane Kamara]
fText] The Senegalese are keeping quiet about it. The Angolans are mum. But
the Cape Verdians have spilled the beans by announcing the imminent normaliza-
tion of relatiansbetween Dakar and Luanda. They eeVerde athatdPresidentstAbdou
so: it was in Praia, while both were visiting Cap ~
Diouf and Jose Eduardo dos Santos met on 24 November. Up to now, Senegal has
been the only country in Africa that has not recognized the legitimacy of the
government in ~g�~he FNLAswere representedtin theagovernment,and because
neither UNITA nor
Senegal owes this rejectionist policy to its former president, Leopold Senghor.
At the OAU special summit on the~antihMPLAlfactiori which wasldemanding a9cease-
Mr Senghor was the leader of overnment of
fire, the withdrawal of all foreign troops and the formation of a g
national unity. T~ir Senghor basco~ission sentfby the OAUTin 975forThe latter,
conclusions of the factfinding
in trying to assess the representativeness of thulousererionsctiMr Senghortwas
had concluded that UNITA controlled the most pop g
also hostile to what he called the "Cuban expedition" and determined to do his
best to struggle against the spread of communism in Africa.
' Tt was he who, just before t~ie MPLA's victory, succeeded in convincing France
and the United States to provide aid to ~NITor~nofttheF22Acountriesnwholhad
president thought he could count on the ~uPP however reco nized Angola,
supported his resolution in A3dis. All of them, ~ g
which became the 47th member state of the OAU on 23 February 1976, including
Senegal [as published]. But President Senghor himself, despite pressure from
Valery Giscard d'Estaing, refused to enter into diplomatic relations with the
MPLA government.
To those who warned him to bew~hin fouteofShimswithcthreats.r Somehthoughtethey
that no one would ever get any g
saw in the head of state's stubbornness the effects of a personal grudge against
Agostinho Neto. A literary enmity? In any case Mr ~enghor always took pains
ta praise Mr Neto's literary gifts, both publicly and privately. But he
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criticized him for being unwilling to enter into a dialogue. In 1977, he said
to JEUNE ArR'iQUE: "My impression is that the Soviets themselves would not be
displeased to see a dialogue between Savimbi and Neto." Not everyone agrees
wi.th that. Shortly before his death, Agostinho Neto, in a message to a West
African president, expressed his desire to make peace with UNITA. Some time
afterward, Neto went to the USSR for medical treatment, and we know th~ result.
The question we face now is: Does the expe~ted normalization of relations between
Angola and Senegal mean that the MPI.A is prepa~ed to nPgotiate with UNITA? Jonas
Savimbi himself said in Washington on 10 December that he would be willing tu
talk when the Cuban troops have left the country. President Abdou Diouf seems
to be in more of a hurry. He intends to reconsider Senegal's position in light
of the "unacceptable conduct of South Africa in southern Africa, launching
attacks against Angola on a daily basis." No one, he says, can stand by and
just watch this happen. Dakar, then, is going to recognize the MPLA's Angola,
without any reservations or prerequisites, for Pretoria's ties with UNITA are
well known. Our special correspondent, Sennen Andriamirado observed in December
- that Dakar still sheltered a UNITA bureau. Mr Diouf's response was: "Yes, we
have a bureau. For the moment."
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1981
9516
CSO: 4719/397
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INTER-AFRICAN A~'AIRS
MONETARY REVT~Elr1 OF UMOA OFFERED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French No '1887~ 8 Jan 82 p 77
~ex~ Tr,e BCEAO ~entral Bank of the West African State~ recently pub-
- lished its periodical statement on the monetary situation of the UMOA ~Jest
- African Mcnetary Unio~, this time a~ of 30 Ji:ne 1931.
In the gloomy international economic environment of the first quarter of
- ~g8~, during which prices for major staple products exported by countries
of the union to world markets deteriorated, the monetary situation of the
- six states (Benin, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, Senegal and Togo) was
marked by a ~trong deterioration of the net external balance of their mone-
tary institutions, a drop in growth of internal credit, and a~lowdown in
the rate of increa~a of the money supply.
From 30 June 1980 to 30 June 1981~ the net debit position of the union's
external assets went from -CFA 210.8 billion to -CFA 380.1 billion, thus
show~.ng a decrea~e in aesets of 169.3 billion.
The principal cause of deterioration in the net external position of UMOA
lies in considerable deficits in ths balance of goods and services owing
to the rise in costs of imports, and to increasingly heavy service expend-
itures by certain states.
The Ivory Coast and Senebal were at the ba~e of that considerable deficit,
for the negative balance of settlements made by those states with the ex-
_ terior rested, respectively, at 195�6 billion and 45.8 billion as of 30
June 198~, compared to '{42.7 and 34.5 billion a year earlier.
The growth of the deficit recorded by the Ivory Coast is axplained essen-
tially on the one hand by the fall in earnings from coffee and cocoa exports
owing to the unfavorable price level and to the reduced volume marketed,
and secondly by an increase in the value of imports and transfers abroad,
particularly under the heading of debt service.
In Senegal., the increased imbalance of comir,ercial payments is at the root
of recorded foreign exchange losses.
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In Benin and Togo, a reversal of the negative ext~rnal balance of payments
was recorded.
In U~per Volta, the surplus attained by the start of the period under re-
view was strengthened to the figure of 5.9 billion, owing particularly to
repatriation of savings by UF~per Voltan workers abroad.
In Niger, the negative balance of foreign operations decreased markedly, to
stand at 5.2 billion. This lightening of the deficit could be the result
of drawings on foreign loans~ and of income from uranium sales.
Between 30 June 1980 and 30 June 1981, domestic credit rose by CFA Fr 206.7
billion, or 15.7 percent, a rate in decline compared to that of 26.7 percent
reccrded for the ~rior 12-month period. That decr~ease was due solely to
credit extensions to the economy~ for the net creditor position of local
treasuries vis-a-vis moneta.ry institutions strongly deteriorated.
The creditor position of treasuries, in overall figures, went from CI'P_.Fr
+82.3 billion on 30 Jkne '1980 to +2.2 billion on 30 Jun~ 1981. Decl:ine of
available credit was appreciable in the Ivory Cca~t (-50.6 billiun) and
Niger (-12.7 billion). The debit position of the Senegalese treasury wor-
sened to react~ 41 billion, a rise of 13.2 billion.
Credits to the economy outstanding on 30 J~:ne 1981 represented CFA Fr 1,528�2
billion, an increase of '126.7 billion over 1980, a percentage rise of 9
compared to 17.7 for the prior year. Union monetary authorities have adop-
- ted a more moderate credit policy, and the slowdown of credit demand was
general, with the exception of UFper Volta. In the Ivory Caaet and Senegal,
the slowdown was less marked, with respective rates of +10.4 percent and
+10.6 percent. In Niger aiid Togo, the annual credit growth rate fell, res-
pectively, from 48.7 p~rcent and 12.9 percent to 0.8 percent and 6 percent.
From 30 Jlzne 1980 to 30 June '1981, bills and money in circulation increased
- from CFA Fr 30~.6 billion to 350.2 billion. Togo and the Ivory Coast regis-
tered the greatest increases: '16.1 and 13.8 percent, respectively. The vol-
ume of ;~ank deposits (sight and time) by the private sector increased, in
the 12-rnonth period frocn June 1980 to J~:ne 1981 , by 28.1 percent, totaling
_ CFA Fr 607.3 billion. The improvement comes to 5.3 percent in Senegal and
7.1 percent in Upper Volta. It is less than 5 percent in the other states.
By states, the distribution of private sector bank deposits (si~ht and tirrie)
a~ of 30 June 1981 was~as follows, in billions of CFA Fr: Benin, 29.2; Ivory
Coast, 343.2; U~per Volta, 34.3; Niger, 4C.7; Sene~al~,�~'123.6�;�~and Togo, 36.3.
_ For the same period, bank deposits by public entities decreased from CFA,Fr
10~.5 to 81.3 billion, a 22 percent drop. The decrease was particularly
marked in the Ivory Cea~t (17.2 percent! and SEnegal (6 perc'ent).
Central Bank participation in financing of the economy of the six UMOA mem-
ber states, in the form of rediscounts to banks and financial institutions,
21
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