JPRS ID: 10341 EAST EUROPE REPORT POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030050-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 50
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10341
19 February 1982
- E ast E u ro e Re ort
p p
POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS ~
(FOUO 4/82)
FBIS FOREICN BROADCAST INFORIVIATION SERVICE
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JI'RS L/10341
. 19 February 1982
~ EAST EUROPE REPORT
POLITICAL, SQC:c~LOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
(FOUO 4/82)
- C'ONTENTS
~
~ POLAN D
Analysis of Ceneral .Jaruzelski by 'PARIS MATCH' Noted
(Marc Ullmahn; PARIS MATG'tl, 25 Dec 81) 1
Solidarity Members Kowalewski, Blumsztajn Interviewed
(Seweryn Blumszt~ajn, Zbigniew Kowalewski Interview;
_ LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR, 9-15 Jan 82) 4
Polish Officials Discuss Crisis With UK Visitors
(~IE SU[~TDAY TIMES, 15 Nov 81) 7
- a - [III - EE - 63 FOUO]
Fl1R (1FFI('T4T. IJSF. nNi.Y
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FOft OFFICIAI, Util? ~NLY
POLA~D
ANAL,YSIS OF GENERAL JARUZELSKI BY ' PARIS I~IATQI' NOTED
Paris PARIS MATCH in French 25 Dec 81 p 23
[Article by Ptarc Ullmann: "On Whose Team is Jaruzelski Playing?"]
- ~Text~ Who is decr~iving whom in Poland? Is the Party deceiving the people, ad-
vr~ncin~; in rnilitary dis~uise? Or is the Army deceiving the P~rty, by establish-
in~; n new rc~~ime? 'fhc~ future of the country depends on the answer to this ques-
tion. Tf the Arn~y is a~ting on behalf of a regime which has been discredited, it
will lose Eirst of all its reputation and then i.ts honor, for sooner or later the
anger of the people will turn upon it. If, on the contrary, the Poles decide that
the 13 necember coup d'etat was one of nationalist inspiration, it is probable
that the Catholic Chur.ch will in the end reach an understanding with the Army.
General Jaruzelski is doing everything possible to ensure acceptance of the idea
that the "military council for national recovery is entirely independent of the
Communist Party and tha[ its roots go deep in Polish history. The stage has beeri
set with particular care. When the Ceneral appears on television, he is in uni-
form, and the only symbol visible on the screen is the traditional eagle, i.e.,
tt~e err~bl.em of Poland. Before and after his speech, a military band plays the
Polish national anthem, the t9azurka by Dabrowski, which no one could confuse
with the ]nternation~il. And the television announcers are dressed as soldiers.
'fhr~ sa~n~~ is truc~ wh~~r~� tl~i~ content of the proclamations is concerned. The speech
- y;iveri by the~ (:cnc~rnl oii 13 11~~c~�mber lasted 25 minu[es, and contained no[ the
~ sligh[est re(c~it�nce to thc~ (:ommuniSt Party. In t7is dry voice, the new master of
~'olr~nd stressed the fact [h:~r_ the "milirary commissars" would be appointed on all
levc~ls oE the S[ate aF~paratus and the administra[ion, as well as to key posts in
tha~ economy. "They will have [he right," the General specified, "to dismiss any
~ indiviclual who doc~s his work badly." That is all very nice, but the Poles instinc-
, tivE~ly mistrust it.
It must be said that the Ccneral's career does not advance his cause. His paren~_s
were memb~rs of the gentry, and during the war they wer.e deported to the C'SSR
with other family members. In 1945, they did not choose to return, but their 22
year old son Wojciech, for his part, did. He rejected the family national.ism, en-
listed in ti~e Polish Army established on Soviet territory, and participated in
th~r repression of the Polish anticommunist underground fighters. At 37, he found
_ himself head of the political departme~t of the Army, and then, using that as a
1
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~~c~i~ c~t~r�ictnt. usi~: ~N~,v
s
springboard, made a parallel advance in the military ar~d commi:rist hierarchies.
All of this appears to have made him the perfect apparatchik.
Nowever, while he was Ptinister oE Defense in 1970, Gener?1 Jaruzelski opposed the
use of force against the first_ st.ikers in Cdansk. Ten years la[er, his atti[ude
had not changed, and he went so Ear as to order Polish soldiers not to Eire on
Polish workers. Lech Walesa reg~rds him as one of the lesser evils." However, he
has real authority iri the Army, and this is"an important point for the Poles, be-
cause two-thirds of the population (see poll on p 36) believe that the Army repre-
sents the nat;on.
Those who know the Ceneral state that he is perEectly well aware oE the Polish
reality and [hat his purpos~ is to gavern wi~h the blessing of the Church. This
is douh[]ess tru~. The decree estahlishin~ marfial law, if indecd it prohibits
meetin~;s, marches ancl ~ven perCormances, makes an exceptian for rc~ligious cc~re~-
monies and public worship. This represents implici[ reco~ni[ion of thc~ fact that
the Church plays a morc~ import~nt role in Poland than in .~ny othc~r country. Thr~c
role is not of recent da~c~. Since the bap[isn~ of Poland in 966, the Church has
exercised official functions which are deeEr-rootc~d in ~he lifc~ of the nation and
~ the state. Most important, from 1772 to 1917, Poland wa5 ciivide~~c~rt ,~,uch .is lhlt ~,ivcn ~is hy l~rance, for example. But alsc~
_ ~�~�un~,mi~~ {~r~~a:;urc~ wl~icl~ ~�rin hc~ m~~5t t~iFecti.ve. Al) c>c�~nomi.c ~id shoii]d he Suspc~nded,
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I~OR OFf~l('I,U. l'tiH' ONI.1'
except for food assistance. And food assistance must itself be supervised and
addressed particularly to the Church. Lastly, serious thou~ht must be ~iven to what
can be done in the informational field. The worst thin~; is silence. Remember
Cambodia whcre everytliing hapn~~ned in sil.enc:e.
_ [Question] All things considered, Solidarity was taken unaware. Did you make
mistakes in yo~ir estimate ~f the situation?
'L. KowaleF�ski: We thou~;ht that thin~;s would move more slowly. We were not exPectin~;
~i sudden savage coup. We clo nc~t h