JPRS ID: 10305 EAST EUROPE REPORT POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 14
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/42/09: CIA-RDP82-40850R000500430014-8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/ 10305
5 February 1962
East Euro e Re or~~
p p
POLITiCA~, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
CFOUO 2/82)
F~IS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
nec-;papers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
souTces are translated; th~se from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [TextJ
- or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summariz~d or extracted.
LTnfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a quES-
tion mar_k and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
- Other unattributed parenthetical notes with in the body of an
item originate with the seurce. Times within items are as
given by source.
, The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, vzews or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRZCTED FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
J
JPRS L/10305
5 February 1982
EAST EUROPE REPORT
POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
, (FUUO 2/82)
, CONTENTS
POI,AND
~THE TIMES~ Reports on Walesa's ~State of Mind'
_ (THE TIMES, 17 Dec 81) 1
UK Correspondent's Letter on Polish Arrests Noted
(Roger Boyes; THE T1MES, 18 Dec 81) 3
- UK Correspondent's Letter on Warsaw Situation Noted
(Roger Boyes; THE TIMES, 18 Dec 81) 5
UK Correspondent Reports on Polish Strikes, Walesa
(Roger ~oyes; THE TIMES, 18 Dec 81) 7
UK Correspondent Reports on Conditions in Warsaw
(Roger Boyes; THE TIl~IEES, 22 Dec 81) ...................o.. 9
- a - [III - EE - 63 FOUO]
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400540030014-8
FOR OFFICIAi, USE ONLY
,
POLAND
- 'THE TIMES' REPORTS ON WALESA'S 'STATE OF MIND'
PM1.71245 London THE TIMES in English 17 Dec 81 p 6
[Unattributed report: "The Strain on Lech Walesa"]
[Text] Mr Lech ~n'alesa, the Solidarity leader, is said by Church sa~urces who
have seen him to be in good health and still held in isolatior_ in a Government
villa outside Warsaw, according eo one of the mESSages reaching THE TIMES yester-
day ~rom its correspondent in Warsaw, Roger Boyes.
The Church sources said Mr Walesa had tol3 the military he could not take any
decisions without the rest of the Solidarity Praesidium.
There were ~onf licting accounts of Mr Walesa's state of mind. Solidarity offi-
cials were describing him as "psychologically strong." But Polish officials
_ dec~ared that he was "broken psychologically and weeping, but refusing to sign
any document~. Mr B"rian Mooney, Reuter correspondent, quoted sources saying
tha~ he was suffering greatly from the political an3 psqchological pressure
beii~g brought to bear.
The sources said that Mr Walesa, taken to Warsaw from Gdansk to negotiate with
Poland's new military rulers, was suffering greatly from the political and
psychological pre5sures bei~g brought to bear.
According to these sources, the Solidarity leader had conceded that his movement9
which he had once boasted was "here t~ stay," was all but finiahed. There was
~ no hard information about Mr Walesa's present whereabouts or whether he was
f.ormally under detention like the great majoxity of other union leaders.
Mr Eugeniusz Szleper, the Poll.sh Ambassador in Lisbon, denied yesterday that
Mr Walesa was under arrest. "But at the disposal of the authorities to partici-
pate in serious negotiations."
There were conflicting accounts of Mr Walesa's state of mind. Polish officials
were declaring that he was "broken psychologically and weeping, but refusing to
sign any documents." Solidarity officials, however, were describing him as
"psychologically strong."
1
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000500030014-8
MUK urr~~~w~. U,C. UIVLY
Although Solidarity leaders would not be tried, the source went on, this did not
apply to former political figures who would be tried for having led the country
to ruin.
Polish diplomats in the West were saying that the detained Solida~ity leaders
sould not be tried.
"They have been placed under house arrest," the source told the news agency, "in
order to stop temporarily their activities which were directly leading to a
clash."
COPYRIGHT: Times Newspapers Limited, 1981
CSO: 2020/20 ~
2
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
FOR OFFICIAI, USE ONLY

~
POLAND
UK CORRESP(~NDENT'S LETTER ON POLISH ARRESTS NOTED
PM181243 Lor~don THE TIMES in English lE Dec 81 pp 1, 24
[Roger Boyes 'Letter to Editor': "Cold Cells for the Thousands Who Err"]
~ [Text] Warsaw--The following letter to the editor from Roger Boyes, THE TIMES
correspondent in Warsaw, was received in London yesterday:
Poland's new military leadership is rounding up several thousand dissident
intellectuala, writers, and union activists in an effcrt to stamp out any
potential opposition. Western diplomats talk of 15,000 arrests but other sources
have estimated the total to be at least three times that_
Church sources say that there is a move to concenzYate as many of the internees
as possible in the Bialeleka [Bialoleka] ,jail outside Warsaw. Conditions are
_ said to be extremely bad with most cells having no water or heating. The
prisoners are technically "interned under the statutes oi the state of war"
and m~st have not been charged.
It is suff icient grounds for arrest, to be suspected of fLture involvement in
opposition activities. That has created a particularly wide net and secret
police, often backed by troops, have been extremely active after the 10 o'clock
~~rfew over the past four days.
' Almost all the Solidarity leadership has been arrested--98 union activists are
' ii~ld in Gdansk--though there are mixed reports about the fate of Mr Lech Walesa,
still technically the chairman of Solidarity. Some sources, within the Church,
say he is being held virtually incommunicado in a Government villa outside
Warsaw--in a smuggled message he is understood to have said: "I see only trees
. and tanks"--while other reports suggest he has aince been moved to prison.
Long-S t and ing l~mbi t ion
~ The pattern underginning the arrests is to deny the nascent opposition any kind
- of base. either within the Church or intellectuals. Journalfsts and writers
who could have written critical pamphlets have been arrested, including the
deputy chairznan of the Polish Pen Club. PAX, the Catholic intellectual organiza-
tion, has been dissolved, and csther Catholics outside the organization have been
arrested.
~
FOR OFFICIAL G~E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
rUK ~rri~iw~. u~r. ~~vLr
Most members of KOR, the Workers' Self-Defence Committee--effectively Solidarity's
think tank--are being held, a long-standing ambition of the Polish Government
- even in its mo~t reformist mood. Historians, sociologists, and philosophers
from the Academ3~ of Sciences have been detained after trying to stage a sit-in,
i and organizers of the 3issident seminar, "Flying University," active in the
mid-1970's have also been arrested, although it has not been active for some time.
Students active in the 1976 riots--now frequently young profession~l people
without any strong political leanings--have also been picked up. How~ver, it
- is significant that the security forces have not arreated any deputies from the
Sejm, the Polish Parliament.
The Military Council of National Salvation, as the new leadership has named
itself, rules with and through the Council of Ministers. That is to say, most
ministers have kept their portfolios. But under normal circumstances govern-
mental decisions would have to be submitCed to the critical scrutiny of the
Sejm, which has developed considerable independence over the past year and
indeed has shown sympathy with Sol~darity.
The military leadership has eliminated this problem by cancelling the scheduled
sessions of the Sejm and this in turn allows it to preserve a semblance of
respect for constitutional niceties and removes the need to arrest deputies.
The big problem lies with the reformist wing of the Party.
General Jaruzelski had represented, until about two weeks ago, a source of
qualified optimism; here at least was a Party chief who swore by dialogue with
Solidarity and the Church. Now the reformers are an embarrassment for the
regime. Economic reform, in the sense of decentralization, will almost cer-
tainly be abandoned and political referm i3 almost inconceivable in a situation
where the ruling party has a minimal say in the running of the country.
Reformists in the Party fear the worst and reformists close to but outside the
_ Party--such as Mr Stefan Bratkovsky [Bratkawski], the President [chairmanJ of
the Unior of Journalists--�are understood to be in hiding. A full scale confronta-
tion will mean a continuation of the internment programme.
COPYRIGHT: Times Newspapers Limited, 1981
cso: Zozo/2o
1~
FOR OFFICIAL LiSE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
_ FaR OFFICIAL USE ONI.Y
POLAND
UK CORRESPONDENT'S LETTER ON WARSAW SITUATION NOTED
~ PM181241 London THE TIMES in English 18 Dec 81 p 8
[Roger Boyes 'Letter to Editor': "At Least the Tank is Polish--Outside My Window"]
[Excerpt] Warsaw--The following letter t~ the editor fr.om Roger Boyes, THE TIMES
correspondent in Warsaw, was received in London yesterday:
I'm afraid I'm having to send you this in rather unconventional form. It's one
of a series and I only hope you're getting ny other letters. Mainly colour.
Tucked into a discreet corner of ~�Jarsaw where the world seems an infinity of
overpapulated tower blocks and under-used factories, there is a snowbound T55
~ tank, one of the few in the Polish capital. "At least it's Polish," a Pole tells
n me, the meaning distinct enough.
There is a curious air of atrained normality about the town; the military have
not become a simple fact of life as in Belfast, but neither have they seri~~usly
. interrupted the daily ebb and flow of existence. Sr~ops and banks admitted.ly
- f ind it hard to operate but this is because of the telex and telephone black�-out
rather than any intrusive military presence.
The queues are still there--longer if anything--for food and almost every product
apart from petrol, private sales of which are now banned. The first instinct
has been to stock-pile for the winter and worse.
But ehe troops, most of them from out of town, havE moulded themselvea surpris-
ingly quickly to the contours of city life. Steel-heimeted police direct
traffic, check identity cards, search the backs of vans i~r Solidarity leafletr.
Red-bereted paratroops--who took over the St:ite radio station on Saturday
night--guard key institutions such as the Sejm (Parliament).
Troops with batons and naked bayonete patrol the atreeta to enforce the 10 pm
to 6 am curfew. Officers read the newe on televiaion, soldiers in plain clothes
run the bus and tram system. �
There are signs, though, that all these functions are over-straining the Army;
it has an active force of only 210,000 or so and yet has to perform a dual role:
Prove itself to be a competent governing force capable of giving the population
what it wants while at the sarne time acting as a forceful guarantor of law and
order.
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
~'Vn V~'~ ~~~AL~ VU~i V~\LJ�
The conflict of intereat that this produces can be seen in the countryside. The
army seems to be planning to bring plentiful or at I.east aufficient food into
the shops by Christmas, yet can only do this by putting pressure on the farmers.
If it fails to prodt~ce the goods, the populace ma.y well end up blaming the Army
for the shortages and the uneasy truce between townships and thei~ protectors
will wither away. This dilemma has been posed by the Party.
COPYRIGHT: Times Newapapers Limited, 1981
CSO: 2020/20
_ 6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000540030014-8
Fl
POLAND
iJK CORRE~PONDENT REPORTS ON POLISH STRIKES, WALESA
PM181239 London THE TIMES in English 18 Dec 81 p 8
[Report by Roger Boyes: "Spontaneous Strikes Defy Militarq Solution'.']
- [Text] Poland is still wracked by spontaneous labour unrest despite the efforts
of the new military lesdership to cordon off and at times forcefully break up
sit-ins and strikes at factories throughout the country. This situation has
been at least partially admitted by the official media which have reported con-
tinuing "irrespo~sible acts" by workers.
The immediate difficultq in ~udging the scope of the atrfke wave is the country's
shift system. The authorities will often report that they have cleared a strike
but within hours there is a change of ahift. The new workers then enter the
- factory and a substantial part of the old shift are persugded to stay.
This confusion goes somQ way towards explaining the conflicting reports emerging
from the Lenin Shipy~ards in Gdansk about the strike, which has either been
~ successfully ending (according to the officials) ~or is sporadically continuing
(according to Solidarity sources).
But it is clear that there is considerable unrest not only in the traditionally
maverick factories--Nowa Huta in Crakow [Krakow], Huta Warszawa in Warsaw--but
also in the coal mines in Silesia and in Poznan, Lodz, Wroclaw, Radom, and
Katowice.
The pattern of breaking the strikes is that troopo, usually backed by armoured
personn~l carriers, surround the factories, ti?e factory managemant relays an
ultimatum to the strikers and without any delay for negotiations, the soldiers
then go in.
There have been no reports of serious in;;uries and, apart from conflicting
reports from Crakow, shooting seema to have been avoided.
- At the Nowa Huta Steel Works, eome travellers report as many as six people shot,
while other reports state that there was shooting but only above the heads of
the crowd. Foreign correspondents, who apart from a telex and telephone black-
out, have been banned from leaving Warsaw, have been unable to confirm the
stories one way or another.
_ 7
FOR OFFICIAL US]E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/42/09: CIA-RDP82-40850R000500430014-8
1�~~n en~r~..~n~. v~~a.�
The only lasting solution is the closing down of the factories concerned. The
military have done this at the Ursus Tractor Factory, a traditional source of
wdrker ~ilitancy.
But this only creates more problems than it solves. The Army clearly cannot
close down every factory in the country:
This [is] particularly evident in the coal mines of Silesia, where some 20 pits
are out of action. .
All of this points to a role of some sort for Solidarity, the trade union, which
is facing serious inhibitions on its a~tivities.
Mr Lech Walesa, the leader of Solidarity, although in Government hands, is
insisting that he will only make a decision on the union's attitude to martial
law, with the fuZl Praesidium of the union, which implies that a number of the
interned activists would have to be released.
The Roman Catholic Church too, though careful not to attack the new leadership,
_ has ca~led for the release of the interned, for the freedom of the union to
operate within its legal bounds, and for the continuation of the proces$ of
democratic renewal.
There are thus cl.ear bounds on the military--economic, religious, and the simple
inability to cope with all of its various tasks. But the military ie seeking
in the first instance a military solution.
The Communist Party seems to nave disap~eared,~at least temporarily, from the
polit3cal landscape and the Army seems to be content to solve the national
problema by simple military means.
COPYRIGHT: Times Newspapers Limited, 1981
CSO: 2020/20
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8
FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
POLAND
UK CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON CONDITIONS IN WARSAW
PM221541 London THE TIMES in English 22 Dec 81 pp 1, 22
[Roger Bayes di.spatch: "Poles Adjust to the Face of Change"]
_ [Excerpts] Warsaw, 21 Dec (censored)--Life, never easy in Poland, has taken
~n new complexity in t~e past few days. Officially, the country has entered a
period of normalization an.d ~}~e Poles are adjusting to the new ground rules of
everyday existence.
There is still a degree of coafusion about the present, anxiety and some fear
about the Euture, and the past is no longer a suitable subject for discussion.
Soldiers and armoured vehicles are seen in the streets but it is not possi~le
to discuss them in any detail. Soldiers too can be seen on the anly functioning
- television channel--not only as programme announcers but also as heroes in the
_ patriotic war films that have been showing every night since Sunday, December 13.
These depict Polish soldiers defend~ng the motherland, often from invasion by
German soldiers du;.ing the Second World War.
State television has also been relatiing the biographies 4f some of the interned
Solidarity leariership. The television, for example, raised questions about the
wartime activity of the fami.ly of Mr Jan Rulewski, once on the extremist wing
. of the union. The overall effect was not flattering to Mr Rulewski, especially
for an audience particularly sensitive to patriotic values.
- A recent article ir. TRYBUNA LUDU, the Party organ, however, gave a far more
" charitable view of Mr Lech Walesa, the chairman of the forroer union. Despite
_ Mr Walesa's absence from the golitical stage, he is still by no means a"non-
~~erson" in the official media.
Martial law lias both simplif ied and camplicated everyday iife in Poland. On
the one hand, it has relieved the Pole~ of having to worry about the daily
Punch and .1i~dy show between Party and Solidarity.
rar all the obvious unstated reasons, this is now a thing of the past.
On tt~e other hand, the Army's drive to restore law and order has m~ant, as the
official press admits, a degree of discomfiture.
9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000540030014-8
= Life in Poland has become more private over the past week. Families withdraw
- into their shells. Christmas trees are on sale in the capital's main thorough-
fares but as usual the Poles are waiting until the last possible moment before
buying.
Contacting relatives has become nearly impossible, however, because of tlie
cutting of telephone lines. A senior ~'oreign Ministry official told me last
Friday that this was the unfortunate by-product of the campaign to restore law
and order in the country.
[~Then opposition elements have been brought under control communications will.be
restored to normal.
The queues are still there. Indeed, some hardy ehoppers are ready to break
curfew to start their queueing at 4 am, as usual, before going to work. The
Army usually tolerates these infringements. Eyewitnesses report isolated cases
of Eraternization between soldiers and workers in the North and elseurhere but
as correspondents are confined to the capital it is diff icult to gauge how
typical this response is.
COPYRIGHT: Times Newspape!�s Limited, 1981
CSO: 2020/20 END
~10
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000500030014-8