JPRS ID: 10302 USSR REPORT TRANSPORTATION

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• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: REPORTS

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N'UN UH'H'IC'IAI. USH; UNLY
JPRS L/ 10302
4 February 1982
USSR ~~Re ort
p
TRANSPORTATION
cFOUO 1 is2~
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST IiVFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/10302
4 February 1982
iJSSR REPORT
TRANSPORTATION
(FOUO 1/82)
CONTENTS
MOTOR VEHICLE
Method for Planning Road Construction in Western Siberia
(P. G. Purtov, V. A. Rybakov; NEFTYANAYA PROMYSHLETINOST'
SERIYA "NEFTEPR~IYSLOVOYE STROITEZ'STVO" REF'~4TIVNYY
NAUCHNO-TEKHI~IICHESRIY SBORNIK, No 9, 1981) 1
Brief s
Traffic, Traffic Gorrm~issions 7
OCEAN AND RIV~R �
Soviet Book on Statistics of Ocean Transport
(M. I. Bruskin; STATISTIKA MORSKOGO TRANSPORTA, 1979) .....a. 8
1
- a - [III - USSR - 38d FOUO]
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.
MOTOR VEHICLE
, ~ :
UDC 622.276.006:69.652
METHOD FOR PLANNING ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN WF.STERN SIBERIA
Moscow NEFTYANAYA PROMYSfiLENNOST' SERIYA "NEF'TEPROMYSLOVOYE 5TROITEL'STVO" REFERA-
- TIVNYY NAUCHNO-TEKHNICHESKIY SBORNIK in Russian No 9~ 1981 (signed to press 9 Sep
_ 81) pp 2-5
[Article by P. G. Purtc~v and V. A. Rybakov (Giprotyumenneftegaz ~.State Institute
for the Desigii of Oil ar:d Gas Enterprises in Tyumenskaya Oblast]): "On the Proced-
ure for Forming a Basis for Building Roads During ~the Conquest of West Siberia's
Oilfields"]
[~xcerpt] Substantial f'unds are invested each year in developing the road net of
West Siberia's oil-recovery regions. During the past 10 years expenditures for
building motor-vehicle roads was 13 to 2U p~r~cent or more of the total capital in-
vestment for building oilfield facilities for Glavtyumenneftegaz [Main Administra-
tion for the Oil and Gas Industry of Tyumenskaya Oblast). Since the start of the
conquest of the oilfields, more than 1,200 kilometers of hard-topped roads have
been put into operation. However, the requirement for such roads is much greater.
Failui�e to provide enough roads of high passability slows 1:he pace of buildup
of tr.e oilfields, leads to additional capital construction costs, increases operat-
ing expenditures, mandates a larger motor-vehicle fleet, and promotes premature
wear of transport equipment.
The !ag in road construction in West Siberian oil regions can be explained by Lhe
hign rate of growth in the amounts of oil recovered, the large scale of construc-
tion work in areas with a poorly developed economy, inadequate development of con-
- struction organization capacity, and a lack of local labor resources.
One of the mast impoi~tant~measures necessary for developing a large fuel and power
complex is the planning of capital construction in accordance with the resources
- and capacity of construction organizations, that is, avoiding the emergence of dis-
proportions. Moreover, additional steps must be taken to expand sharply the scale
of capital constructiori. Main attention should be paid to increasing the produc-
tion of building materials and to reinforcing construction organizations with per-
sonnel and th� required equipment.
Improvement of planning work is of great importance. For this purpose, it is de-
sirable ~:o prepare dr~afts of the plan for the main directions for economic and so-
cial development for lU years, with breakdown by year for the first 5-year period
but as a whole i'or the.second 5 years (for capital investment), and also to intro-
duce a syst:em of' scientifically sound technical and economic norms and standards.
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Ministries and agencies should engage in m~aking up draft plans. Bi�anch-oi'-indusLr~y
institutes are doing the basic work of determining the prospects for developmc:~lt ul'
the branch. Giprotyumenneftegaz is engaged in making up integrated schemes for de-
veloping and siting ail-recovery enterprises and facilities in West Siberia, in-
- cluding determination of the requirements for roads and their enginee:ing catego~-
ies. The essence of the method, which can be used also in ott ~r oilfield regions
of the country, consists in making up a scheme for development of the road net for
a long-term period, which is caordinated with plans for developing the region's oil
industry. The content. structure and method of preparing the scheme are as
follows.
1. The prospects for developing the oil industry in the region, that is, the geo-
logical-engineering nature of the fields and the main parameters of their develop-
ment,are determined: the number of producer we11s put into operation; the inven-
tory of producer wells; the amounts of o'_1 recovery and drilling; and the fields
that are producing at the start of the plan period, as well as those that are to be
introduced during the plan period. For the longer term, promising areas and struc-
tures are taken inte accoun~~.
2. Tlie characteristics oi the transport network adjacent to the oil-recovery
region are given: t~e railroads; navigable waterways; ports and docks; airfields
with runways; and the highways that link the oil-recovery region with industrial
centers, ports, railroad yards, airpoi�ts and large populated centers. The through-
put ot' the transportation routes and the possibility of expanding them and increas-
ing their number are evaluated. Then an outline map is prepared and the transport
lines are plotted.
3. The condition and development of the road net in the oil-recovery region are
evaluated. The characteristics of the existxng network of roads are given: name;
~ length; engineering category; by whom and when the design and budget-estimating
documentation was approved; the cost of construction--total, and specific cost per
1 kilometer of road; and the purpos~ of the road. Data on the total length and
the dynamics of the amounts of construction of the roads are cited. The extent to
which the oil-recovery region and individual oilfields are provided with roads is
evaluat.ed. The capacii.y (potential) of construction organizations engaged in the
erection oi.' roads is cited, and the potential for supporting road construction with
building materials is indicated.
4. The basic pri?iciples for developing the road net in the oil-recovery regions
are determined. Classification of the road network into interoilfield, intraoil-
f'ield and access roads to individual facili.ties and to well clusters is made the
bdsis for developing the road network. A strategy of the transport service for
the various regions and groups of wells is planned, and the basic directions for
freight traffic volume are chosen, giving consideration to the existence of trans-
port routes, as confirmed by design documentation. The road net that is erected in
a region being developed for the first time should combine maximum effeetiveness
with the shortest length and the least cost of construction. The following condi-
tions satisfy the indicated principle:
- new, developing f'ieldti should get reliable year-round transport links with base
locations, communities, rotating-duty settlements, bases for production-equipment
servicing, and the existing network of transpo:t ties of the oilfield region,from
the very start o{' drilling-c,ver ;vork, when the greatest requirement arises f'or
construct.ioii and indusi:ria.l i'reight;
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- the fields that are most important f'or~ carryinR out the mandated plans for oi1 re-
covery--and among them are those located in situations least favorable for trans-
por~t service--will receive pref'erence when priorities are established for transport
ties;
wnen priorities and the amounts of construction are established, preference should
be given to highways over intraoilfield roads and access roads, since the former
serve the larger number of customers and are of decisive importance for transport
development of the region;
~ annual growth in amounts of road construction should be uniform to the extent pos-
sible in order that the buildup in capacity of road-construction subunits may be
smooth; and
- studies on ereetion of the ne~work of intraoilfield roads and access roads previ-
ously performed must be refined, since the original indi.ca~ors for the developmcnt
of some fields may have been changed or refined.
5. The i;echnical and operational characteristics of the roads and the indicators
that characterize the length, the traffic intensity of the transport equipment and
the engineering category of the road ~re determined. The length of the roads
depends upon the scheR~e for developing the oil industry and for the regional siting
of the oilfields, production facilities and supply bases, railroad yards, docks and
river por�ts, airports and communities. The length of each specific road is estab-
lished as the result of sixrveys or by the desk method in accordance with the
appropriate cartographic and aerial-photography information, taking selection of
the shortest distance into consideration. ~
Traffi.c intensity on a r�oad IE is determined by a summing up of the traffic of
freight transport Ir, rotating-duty (passenger) transport Is and special I~
transport:
' 1 ~ =1 r-~-1 ~-~'jc:
average daily intensity of freight transport traffic is
jr= QO~'~ motor vehicles/day,
T�9cN'Kr�Ka
where (~oa~ is the total amount of freight hauled on the road in the year being
computed;
~ T is the number of workdays for freight transport per year (T = 3U0
days);
4cp is the average long-term freight-load carrying capability of a truck
, (q = 9.5 tons);
cp
Kr is the utilization coeff'icient of a truck's load-carrying capacity
(Kr - 0.9); and
. Kn� is the utilization coef;icient per truek run (Kn - 0.55);
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the inten5ity of tr~ii'fic f'or rot~t;ing-duty pcrsonnel transport is:
!d= N' ~a motor vehicles/day
9�Y ~
where !ve is the ~iaily number of rotating-duty personnel haulings on the road in
the year computed;
Ka is the share of buses in rotating-duty personnel transport (for West
Siberia 1:a = 1) ;
_ q is the average seating capacity per bus, perso ns (q = 20-32);
y is the utiliza~:ion coefficient of sea~ing capacity (Y = 1); and
~ is the vehicle-run utilization coefficient.
The intensity of traffic for special transport in West Siberian oilfields is 6-10
percent of ~;he intensity of the freight transport traffic. In the calculations it
is assumed that I~ = 0.08I~ vehicles per day.
~ The amount of freight hauling is determined by direct computation of the require-
ments for freight for all stages of the operating cycle during assimilation of the
oilf'ields (drilling, the building of oilfield facilities, and oilfield operata.on)
in accordance with the norms for expenditures for freight and indicators for the
amounts of drilling, construction and pror.iuction operations. For each road the
amount of freight haulage is found, totaling up the requirements for freight for
all customers (the oil, cons~ruction, timbering and other branches).
Q~~au~ L=1 g; � Zri ~ 1-~ K�~~) thousands of tons ,
i
where it is the number of freight customers;
g~ is the standard far freight consumption for the j-th customer;
Zpj is an absolute indicator that determines the total freight requirement
for the j-th customer (the amount of drilling, the introduction of pro-
ducer wells, the inventory of groducer wells,-and the volume of SMR
[construction and installing work? and so on);
Knv is the coeff'icient that considers freight i'or other customers (10-3U
percent, depending upon the significance of' the road in supplying the
region), bases for ATK's [automotive transport offices], PTO's and K's
[production-equipment secticns and offices] and RMM's [machinery repair
shops], nonindustrial construction, and other agencies and branches of
. the national economy.
1'hc: amount of hauling of rotating-duty personnel by road de~ends upon the reported
r~umb~r of workers .~ccessary for daily service at all ~~torkplaces at the oilfields
a55oci~ited with the giver~ road, and upon the principles of organizing the
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i
~
i HOa OFFIC'IA1. USF. ONI.Y ~
rotating-duty personnel hauling. The daily number of haulings of rotating-duty
personnel by road in the computed year (persons) is:
n
N,= E r~n�K~A�KD(i-~-K),
~a!
where ~~II is the scheduled manning of workers necessary for servicing the field,
for construction work, drilling,~and so on;
Kcs~ is the coefficient for converting the scheduled number of workers
to the reported number (K~A = 60 percent);
Kp is the coefficient that considers the delivery of rotating-duty per-
sonnel to work and return (lip = 2); and
~ j( is the coeff'icient that considers the daily haulings of rotating-duty
workers (K = 1/16)*.
The rated worker manning for each field is determined by the formul.a
_ :~a=ns N+n~ N~+ ~
where n~~~;~ is the standard for the number of workers for drilling and for oi1
- recovery (in accordance with industry or regional norms);
II~ is the norm for output per worker in oilfield construction work ~
(according to output per day per~ worker in the region's construction
organizations);
y is the amount of' development drilling, meters;
is the active ir~ventory of development wells; and
V~ is the amount of SMR [con~truction and installing work] during build-
up of the oilfield facilities.
1'he technical category.of the roads is established in accordance with average daily
tr~ffic intcrisity. According to 5NiP [Construction Norms and Regulations] II-D.5-72,
wt~en designating road categories for a common network, the calculated intensity is
considered to be the intensity expected in the last year of the prospective period,
and, for roads that service the technological hauling for the industrial enter-
prises, t.he calculated intensity is taken from a computation of their full capacity.
*Rotating-duty workers, who are sent to the oilfields from rotating-duty personnel
settlements are hauled daily, full sLrength, by road, and one--sixth ~re hauled to
the eommunities (based upon the terms for gradual exchange of all workers who stay
iri the rotating-duty personnel settlement, over a period of 6 days).
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For roads that service oilf'ields, the highest traffic intensity is noted during the
period in which the field is drilled over and oilfield facilities are built up,
when the greatest amount of freight is required and the maximum amount of construc-
tion and installing work is being performed.
6. Road construction volume for the long-term period is determined on the basis ~f
calculations made in accordance with the requirements of the regi~n's oil industry
- and the principles for developing the road network. The computed requirement for
- road construction is compared with development during the preceding period, the
roadbuilding-organization capacity that is necessary is determined, and measures
for fulfilling the road construction pr~gram are planned.
A listing and the amounts of construction work adopte~~1 (consistent with ~he ca-
pacity of the roadbuilding organizations) far the construction of highways and oil-
field roads and the necessary capital investment are cited. The dynamics of the
planned amounts of construction of highways, intraoilfield roads and access roads
by year and by five-year period are given.
COPYRIGHT: Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut organizatsii, upravleni-
ya i ekonomiki neftegazovoy promyshlennosti (VNIIOENG), 1981
11409
CSO: 1829/55
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MOTOR VEHICLE
BRIEFS
TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC COI~IISSIONS--On the basis of a regulation by the USSR Council of
, Ministera of 2 February 1976 an interim administration traffic safety commission
. was founded, to which belong f~rst deputy chairmzn of the union councils of min-
isters (chairmen of the republic zraffic commissions) as well as deputies of many
USSR rninistries, republic committees and those of centrally placed top leaders.
The number of personal (private) cars aow exceeds 120,000 in the ESSR. Driver
training qualification is inadequate, traffic discipline is often lacking.
[Bq A. Salum, traffic commission aecretary of the ESSR Counci~. of Ministers]
[Excerpt] [Tallinn TEHNIKA JA TOOTMINE in Estonian No 9, 1981 pp 24-25]
_ [COPYRIGHT: Kirjastus "Perioodika", "Tehnika ~a Tootmine", 1981]
CSO: 1815/9
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- OCEAN AND RIVER
SOVIET BOOK ON STATISTICS OF OCEAAi TRANSPORT
Moscow STATISTIKA MORSKOGO TRANSPORTA in Russian 1979 (signed to press 22 Nov 79),
pp 1-2, 240
[Annotation and table of contents from "Statistics of Ocean Transport," 2d edi-
tion, revised and expanded by M.I. Bruskin, Izdatel'stvo "Transport," 3,000
copies, 240 pp.]
[TextJ Approved by t~e Administration of Educational Institutions and the Ministry
of the Ocean Fleet as a teaching aid for students at higher ocean-gaing educational
institutions who are specializing in operations and economic engineering.
The teaching aid reflects the basic principles in the overall theory of statistics,
as well as containing a detailed exposition of the quzstions of the methodology and
practice of the statistics of ocean transport. Special attention is devoted to
questions df computing the system of indicators and e~raluati~lg the effectiveness of
the operational activities of the fleet and porta. It cites examples that charac-
terize the theory and practice of the statistica o� ocean transp~rt and the role
and importance of an automated cantrol system. The current edition discusses all
the changes in the practice of statistical accounting which occurred after the pub-
lication of the first edition in 197],. .
' The book is intended for students at higher ocean-going educatienal institutions,
and can also be uspd by workers in ocean transport in their practical activities.
Four illustrations, 75 tables.
Mikhail I1'ich Bruskin
- Statistika morskogo transporta
Editor L. A. Vatulyan
Cover design by Ye. B. Shapalina
Technical editor N. B. Usanova .
Proofreadera L. Ye. Rozhkova, T. A. Mal'tseva
IB No. 1217
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Sent to typesettir_g shop 12 Jul 78. Signed to press 22 Nov 79. Number of
copies printed, 3000. Price 90 kopecks..
Izd-vo "TRANSPORT", 107174, Moscow, Basmannyy tup., 6a
~ Copyright: Izdatel'stvo "Transport", 1571.
Table of Contents
Section I: Principles of the Overall ~heory of Statistics
Chapter [Page]
I Sub~ect and method of statistics 3
II Organization of statistics in the USSR 7
III Statistical observation 12
IV Summarizing and grouping of statistical data 18
V Absolute, mean, and relative values in statistics 2.5
Absolute values ~ 26
Mean values 26
Relative values 34
VI Indexes and dyn~mic aer ies 38
Indexes 28
Dynamic series 38
VII Graphic method of depicting statistical data 48
Section II: Statistics of Ocean Transport
VIII Statistics of shipments 52
Tasks and organization of accounting of shipments 52
Quantitative indicators of freight shipments 53
The factor of accountiing in the statistics of shipments 55
- Grouping of statistical indicators of shipments 56
Statistical and time-effective reports on the shipping of
�r.eight and passengers 64
~ Statistical indicators of container and packet shipments 87
- IX Statistics of the availability and operation of the ocean fleet 91
Statistics of the availability of the ocean fleet 92
Statistics of the use of the ocean-going transport fleet 99
Accounting for the distribution of the time budget of transportation
shiga when anchored in ports ~ 132
X Statietics of the level of tPchnical equipment and the operational �
activities of ocean ports 140
Report on the availability ar~d actual use of re~oading camplexes .
(PK), moorages, and waretu~usea 140
- Accounting of the availability and use of port reloading equipment 14~+
Report on the operation of *_he reloading equipment 148
Motor truck transport 150
Statistics of ship turnover at the porta 152
StAtistics of loading and unloading operations 155
Statietics of ship processing in ports 165
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XI Dispatcher and time-responsive accounting of the operation of the
fleet and ports 169
XII Stat ist ics of labor and wages in ocean transport 17 6
Organization of labor statistics 176
Statistics of number of workers, their makeup and movement 179
Grouping of workers by types of activity 183
Accounting of turnover and replacement rate of workers 187
Statistics of wages 190
Statistics of labor productivity 194
= XIII Financial statistics of the basic activities of stea~mship agenries
and ports 196
XIV Statistics of other types of activities in ocean transport 203
Statistics of operation of industrial enterprises 203
Statistics of material-technical supply 2~$
- Statistics of fuel expenditure 209
Statistics of capital investments 211
XV Stat~.stics and automated system of control of ocean transport 214
XVT Economic analysis of statistical data 226
Copyr ight : Izdatel ~ stvo "Traneport", 197 9.
5 07 S
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