ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS - CIA

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
25
Document Creation Date: 
December 14, 2016
Document Release Date: 
December 13, 2002
Sequence Number: 
2
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
October 5, 1949
Content Type: 
MISC
File: 
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PDF icon CIA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7.pdf3.12 MB
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r THE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF CIA AND ITS COMPONENTS STATED IN THIS PUBLICATION ARE APPROVED AND WILL GO INTO EFFECT AS A GOVERNING DIRECTIVE FOR THE CENTRAL INTELLI- GENCE AGENCY ON 1 JANUARY 1949. ALL PREVIOUS ORGANIZATION CHARTS, STATEMENTS OF FUNC- TIONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR DIRECTIVES, WHICH ARE IN CONFLICT WITH THIS DIRECTIVE ARE RESCINDED EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 1949. THESE CHARTS WILL NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART NOR DISTRIBUTED OUTSIDE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENTAL OF- FICES OF CIA WITHOUT APPROVAL OF THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. REAR ADMIRAL, USN DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE Approved For Release 2003/01/30 : CIA-RDP80RO1731ROO1400110002-7 SECRET COCUMENT NO. NO CHANGE IN CLASS M D CLASSIFIED CLASS CHANGED TO: TS S C NEXT REVIEW DATE: ~~ RUTH: DATE HR 0?Y REVIEWER: 25X1 DEPT. OF STATE DEPT. OF ARMY DEPT. OF NAVY OFFICE OF COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION( ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF LIAISON BR. LIBRARY BR. MACHINE METHODS BR, OPERATIONS STAFF BIOGRAPHIC REGISTER INDUSTRIAL REGISTER GRAPHICS REGISTER ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF OFFICE OF REPORTS AND ESTIMATES BASIC iNTEII. GP. REGIONAL BRANCHES ADVISORY COUNCIL BUDGET OFFICER' GLOBAL SURVEY GP. FUNCTIONAL 1 CONSULTANTS GPS. r ----- i L--', INTELLIGENCE I PROD.- BOARD -j! PLANS & POLICY STAFF CURRENT INTELL. GP. MAP BRANCH STAFF I NTELL . GP. IAC ANAGEMENT OFFICER OFFICE OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS SERVICES OFFICER OFFICE OF POLICY COORDINATION EMPLOYEE INVEST. BR. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF CONTACT BR. INSPECTION AND SECURITY INSPECTION BR. OFFICE OF OPERATIONS FOREIGN DOC. BR. STAT Approved For Release 2003101134-CIA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7 1 January 1949 SECRET DEPT. OF AIR FORCE GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE PERSONNEL OFFICER AUDIT BR. SECURITY BR. PLANNING & COORDINATING STAFF Subject to existing law and to the direction and control of the National Secu- rity Council, the Director of Central Intelligence: 1. Directs all activities of the Central Intelligence Agency. 2. Advises the National Security Council in matters concerning such intelligence activities of the Government departments and agencies as relate to national security. 3. Makes recommendations to the National Security Council for the co- ordination of such intelligence activities of the departments and agen- cies of the Government as relate to the national security. 4. Correlates and evaluates intelligence relating to the national security and provides for the appropriate dissemination of such intelligence within the Government using where appropriate existing agencies and facilities. 5. Protects intelligence sources and methods from unauthorized dis- closure. 6. Performs for the benefit of the existing intelligence agencies such additional services of common concern as the National Security Coun- cil determines can be more efficiently accomplished centrally. 7. Directs such analysis as may be necessary to determine which func- tions in the fields of national intelligence are not being presently per- formed or are not being.adequately performed. 8. Acts for the NSC in coordinating all federal foreign intelligence ac- tivities related to the national security to insure that the overall policies and objectives established are properly implemented and executed. 9. Performs such other functions and duties related to intelligence af- fecting the national security as the National Security Council may from time to time direct. Performs such duties and functions as directed by and acts for the Director. As a purely advisory body, without directive powers, advises the Director of Central Intelligence on policy and procedural matters as they affect the various departmental intelligence functions and the central responsibilities of CIA. The Committee is composed of: 1. Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Research and Intelli- gence. 2. Director of Intelligence, General Staff, U. S. Army. 3. Chief of Naval Intelligence. 4. Director of Intelligence, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. 5. Director of Security and Intelligence, Atomic Energy Commission. 6. Deputy Director, Joint Intelligence Group, Joint Staff. Approved For Release 2003101130.. CIA-RDP80R01731ROO 1400110002-7 SECRET 1 January 1949 Advises the Director and other members of CIA on legal matters pertain- ing to the administration and operations of CIA and provides essential legis- lative liaison service. Performs special coordinating functions as directed by the Director of Cen- tral Intelligence. 1. Receives office missions, functions and organizational requirements direct from the Director of Central Intelligence or the Deputy Di- rector. 2. Provides world-wide communication security and support for all of CIA except domestic telephone, central mail and registry and courier service. Serves as an inter-agency coordination and operational activity for special- ized projects. Approved For Release 2003/01/30 IA-RDP80RO1731ROO1400110002-7 SEC ET 1 January 1949 DEPT. OF STATE STAFF DEPT. OF ARMY STAFF DEPT. OF NAVY STAFF INTER-DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATING AND PLANNING STAFF As the coordinating and planning staff of the Director for inter-departmental intelligence activities: 1. Coordinates inter-departmental intelligence planning for accom- plishment of the national intelligence mission. 2. Prepares for the Director, with the assistance of interested CIA offices, the overall plans and policies for inter-agency intelligence coordination. 3. Provides the Director's representation on all IAC ad hoc Com- mittees. 4. Provides such secretariat as may be required for the Director's intelligence advisory committees. 5. Maintains constant liaison with IAC agencies for the purpose of advising the Director of their reactions to CIA and inter-agency coordination. 6. Coordinates with the Executive in connection with overall program planning and development to determine the availability of adminis- trative support. 7. Represents the Director on and controls CIA liaison with the NSC staff. Approved For Release 2003/01/304;_CIA-RDP80RO1731ROO 1400110002-7 SECRET DEPT. OF AIR FORCE STAFF 1 January 1949 BUDGET OFFICER MANAGEMENT OFFICER PERSONNEL OFFICER Approved For Release 20031011305:CIA-RDP80R01731 R001400110002-7 SECRET SERVICES OFFICER 1 January 1940 SECRET EXECUTIVE As principal staff officer of the Director for the administration of all CIA activities: 1. Coordinates administrative support with operational requirements. 2. Is the channel of communication with the Deputy Director and the Director on matters which involve administrative action or support requirements. 3. Provides and controls CIA liaison contacts with all other agencies on CIA administrative matters. 4. Supervises the organizational and functional development of the Agency. 5. Serves as Deputy Director in the absence of that official. DEPUTY EXECUTIVE Performs such duties as are assigned by the Executive, serves as Executive in the absence of that official, and is authorized to exercise the authorities legally delegated to the Executive to the extent authorized in writing by the Executive. 6. Conducts overall management surveys and procedural review. BUDGET OFFICER 3. Plans and effects a classification and salary administration pro- 1. In coordination with the Management Officer and in continual con- sultation with CIA activities, constantly ascertains and develops annual budget requirements throughout each year. 2. Prepares annual budget and handles all CIA budget matters with Bureau of the Budget and other agencies. 3. Furnishes accounting and fiscal support to CIA. 4. Coordinates with Management Officer in establishment of personnel ceilings. 5. Interprets rules, regulations and procedures of the General Account- ing Office, Treasury Department, and Bureau of the Budget as need arises in the administration of CIA. 6. Obtains and maintains for operational and intelligence information needs, information relative to world monetary rates and exchanges. MANAGEMENT OFFICER 1. In conjunction with the operating offices of CIA, develops organ- ization and functions to best carry out agency responsibilities, and makes recommendations to effect improved organization and functions and eliminate unnecessary overlaps or duplications. 2. Reviews continuously the organization and functions of CIA, ascer- tains manpower and organizational needs and prepares final tables of organ- ization for approval. 3. Coordinates administrative support with program operations through the interrelating of administrative service and operational program planning. 4. In conjunction with the Budget Officer, establishes personnel ceil- ings for operating offices and staff activities, and supervises the overall allocation of personnel. 5. Provides overall agency operations analysis and uniform reporting and forms control. 7. Consults with Budget Officer in the development and preparation of the Agency budget estimates. PERSONNEL OFFICER 1. Provides an adequate procurement and placement program to meet CIA personnel requirements. 2. Arranges for detail of military personnel from the armed services to provide reasonable representation. in and to meet CIA needs. 4. Provides training and indoctrination for CIA employees as needed. 5. Maintains personnel position control system to reflect budgetary, classification, and organizational status of all positions. 6. Provides medical and employee relations services. SERVICES OFFICER 1. Furnishes logistical support to, CIA activities. 2. Prescribes property accounting procedures and maintains property accounts. 3. Procures supplies, equipment and real estate, and provides ware- housing, storage, transportation facilities, building and telephone maintenance, space control, and construction service. 4. Provides reproduction, domestic telephone, graphics and allied services. Approved For Release 2003101130: CIA-RDP80RO1731ROO1400110002-7 -6- SECRET 1 January 1949 SECRET ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF EMPLOYEE INVESTIGATIVE BRANCH 4 until 30 June 194.rij INSPECTION BRANCH AUDIT BRANCH F I ELD OFFICES PHYSICAL SECURITY DIVISION Approved For Release 2003101130 - CIA-RDP80R01731 R001400110002-7 SECRET SECURITY BRANCH PERSONNEL SECURITY DIVISION SECURITY CONTROL STAFF 1 January 1949 As a staff officer of the Director is responsible for the security of all CIA activities, except communications security, and develops in cooperation with other security agencies of the government uniform security control policies and practices on matters of mutual concern: 1. Performs special inspections and investigations directed by the Di- rector; provides for inspection of CIA offices for security enforce- ment, and inspection of the utilization, maintenance, accountability for and disposition of CIA property, equipment and supplies; evaluates the property procurement program; secures reports of all violations of security policies and regulations committed by CIA personnel and initiates appropriate action in each case. 2. Undertakes such planning for security projects as may be directed by the Director. 3. Formulates and supervises the implementation of security policies relative to the safeguarding of classified information, the security of operations, personnel and installations of CIA and the eligibility of other agencies to secure CIA classified information; determines the adequacy of security controls in such agencies. 4. Provides for the examination and audit of all CIA fiscal transactions, including property procurement and transportation actions. 5. Investigates or provides for investigation, and determines security clearance of all personnel employed by or assigned to CIA, and indi- viduals or organizations who are to be contacted by CIA on intelligence matters; maintains a central record of security reports on individu- als and organizations investigated, and controls access to such rec- ords. 6. Maintains liaison with the FBI and other agencies on all personnel and physical security matters pertaining to CIA. DEPUTY CHIEF OF INSPECTION AND SECURITY ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 1. Provides internal office administrative services, including budget, personnel, supply space arrangements and internal security meas- ures, and operation of a message center. 2. Develops administrative procedures and supervises their implemen- tation. EMPLOYEE INVESTIGATIVE BRANCH (Until 30 June 1949) 1. Conducts security investigations of all personnel employed by or as- signed to CIA and individuals and organizations who are to be con- tacted by CIA on intelligence matters. 2. Develops sources of information for personnel security investigative purposes. 3. Maintains direct liaison with the FBI, other government agencies, and private concerns on personnel security investigations. 1. Conducts special inspections and investigations as directed by the Director. 2. Inspects on a continuous basis the utilization, maintenance, and dis- position of CIA property, equipment and supplies, and evaluates the property procurement program. AUDIT BRANCH 1. Examines and audits fiscal transactions of CIA. 2. Examines property accountability records. 3. As a result of audits and examinations recommends improvements in systems and governing procedures. Exercises general supervision over the administration of this staff, per- forms such other duties as may be assigned by Chief of Inspection and Se- curity and serves as the Chief in the absence of that official. Approved For Release 200310113Qg-ClA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7 SECRET 1 January 1949 1. Develops and enforces security regulations, excluding communi- cations security, governing CIA personnel, property, installations and intelligence materials. 2. Arranges for security investigations of applicants or other persons to be associated with the CIA, and for such re-investigations, special security investigations, name checks, or internal security investi- gations as are required by the security standards of the agency or by direction of the Director. 3. Determines the security clearance of all personnel employed by or assigned to CIA, and individuals and organizations who may be con- tacted by CIA on intelligence matters. 4. Conducts investigations to determine the security of CIA installa- tions; indoctrinates CIA personnel as to their security responsi- bilities; maintains credential and visitor controls and the guard system. 5. Maintains a central record of security reports on individuals and organizations investigated and controls access to such records. 6. Maintains direct liaison with the FBI and other agencies on personnel and physical security matters. 1. Develops in cooperation with other security agencies of the govern- ment uniform security control policies and practices on matters of mutual concern. 2. Prepares overall security control policies for the collection and dissemination of intelligence materials. 3. Develops coordinated security programs for regulation of internal security practices. 4. Plans specific security projects as may be directed by the Director. Approved For Release 20031011309-CIA-RDP80RO1731 ROO1400110002-7 SECRET 1 January 1949 LIAISON BRANCH STATE DESK ARMY DESK NAVY-CIA DESK NON-IAC DESK ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF LIBRARY BRANCH FIELD SURVEY DIV. y BIBLIOGRAPHIC DIV. REFERENCE DIV. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION DIV. ARCHIVES DIV. MACHINE METHODS BRANCH PLANNING DIV. MACHINE OPNS. DIV. BIOGRAPHIC REGISTER REGIONAL DIV. SCIENTIFIC DIV. INDEX DIV. Approved For Release 2003101130t(ClA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7 SECRET OPERATIONS STAFF INDUST RI AL REGISTER INTELLIGENCE DIV. INDEX DIV. GRAPHICS REGISTER PHOTOGRAPH DIV. FILM DIV. 1 January 1949 OFFICE OF COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION The Office of Collection and Dissemination, under the direction of the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, is responsible for CIA policy guidance in the collection and dissemination of intelligence material and provides central reference facilities available to all intelligence agencies. In carrying out this responsibility and in accordance with NSC and CIA directives, OCD: 1. Provides centralized services in the final coordination of intelligence requirements; ascertains which government facilities are best able to satisfy specific requirements; and assigns collection missions to the several governmental intelligence collecting agencies and to the CIA operating offices. 2. In conjunction with other intelligence agencies, develops and imple- ments coordinated dissemination policies and practices, and works out improved methods for rapid correlation and dissemination of intelligence data. 3. Provides and arranges direct liaison with other government agencies in order to locate and procure intelligence materials, and coordinates operational liaison contacts between analysts of CIA and other agencies to ensure an adequate exchange of information. 4. Maintains library and archival repositories of all CIA intelligence and administrative materials; provides bibliographic, reference and loan services on these materials; develops agency-wide systems of record management for adequate document control within CIA. 5. Provides support by business machines and other special equipment for those operations of CIA and other government agencies which can benefit by their use; maintains files and machine indexes of biblio- graphic, biographic, industrial and graphic intelligence data and services specialized inter-departmental requests from these facil- ities. 6. Asirts ICAPS in preparation of plans, policies, and procedures for 1=agency intelligence coordination. 7. Initiates and coordinates action taken by CIA in order to effect nec- essary changes in the security classification imposed upon specific documentary intelligence materials. 8. Provides agency-wide messenger, courier and top secret control services. DEPUTY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 1. Exercises general supervision over the administration of the office, performs such other duties as may be assigned by the Assistant Director, and serves as Assistant Director in the absence of that officer. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 1. Advises the Assistant Director and Deputy on administrative matters. 2. Develops administrative procedures and supervises their implementation. 3. Provides all administrative services including budget, personnel, supply and space. 4. Provides for internal security, both physical and personal. 5. Operates the CIA courier and messenger services. 1. Develops and supervises the implementation of operational plans and pro- cedures for the achievement of OCD's overall mission; determines priori- ties in personnel and budget needs among the several Registers and Branches; and coordinates operations so as to ensure a maximum of out- put and efficiency. 2. Develops and implements a system of rotating work assignments designed to establish a staff of employees thoroughly conversant with all phases of OCD operations. LIAISON BRANCH 1. Receives intelligence requirements from within and outside CIA, screens out duplications and overlaps, and effects final coordination of the require- ments by direct consultation with the offices concerned. 2. Issues Collection Directives expressive of requirements, utilizing the col- lecting and reporting facilities of CIA and other government agencies which can best produce the requested material without unproductive duplication and overlap. 3. Disseminates intelligence information and intelligence to CIA components and other agencies in accordance with outstanding requirements and the overall policy of informing those who need to know. 4. Ascertains, by continuing analysis of the successes and failures achieved, the capabilities of the several agencies to collect required intelligence information; and initiates, as appropriate, recommendations designed to strengthen the overall collection effort. 5. Maintains rosters of personnel in CIA and other agencies authorized and qualified to conduct operational liaison, coordinates operational liaison contacts, and promotes effective interchange of intelligence information between CIA and other agencies. Approved For Release 2003101130 :1ClA-RDP80R01731 R001400110002-7 1 January 1949 SECRET LIBRARY BRANCH 1. Serves as a central repository for documentary foreign intelligence mate- rials received and produced by CIA. 2. Catalogs all documentary materials received and, when appropriate, indexe their intelligence content for rapid exploitation by research analysts. 3. Provides reference and bibliographic services to all offices of CIA and the IAC Agencies. 4. Procures, by inter-library loan or purchase, documentary intelligence ma- terials required by CIA. 5. Administers a records management and archival program, and provides Tol Secret Control services, within the Agency to facilitate handling and dis- position of both administrative and intelligence materials. 6. Coordinates CIA Liaison with the Library of Congress, National Archives and other government agencies on library, archival and records management matters. 7. Surveys holdings of other libraries for intelligence data, indexes and, upon request, obtains such data for utilization by CIA and other intelligence agencies. 3. Maintains a central machine index and file to provide rapid listings of and reports on all types of industrial installations in a given area--showing resources, productive capacity, and other selected information to satisfy industrial intelligence requirements of CIA and other agencies. 4. Ensures adequate interchange of foreign industrial information through direct liaison with appropriate units of other government agencies. MACHINE METHODS BRANCH 1. Investigates, develops and adapts machine processes for identifying, col- lating, reproducing and communicating intelligence data. 2. Advises and assists the several Registers of OCD in the development and performance of machine operations best suited to the effective execution of their several missions. 3. Performs such specific machine operations for other offices as may be assigned. 4. Provides advisory services for other offices of CIA and the IAC agencies, upon request, concerning the adaptation of special equipment and business machines to national intelligence operations. BIOGRAPHIC REGISTER 1. Performs those central services, in the processing and maintenance of biographic data on foreign personalities and organizations, which are re- quired for successful inter-departmental coordination in the biographic aspects of national intelligence. 2. Assumes primary inter-agency responsibility for the maintenance of biographic data on foreign scientific and technological personalities. 3. Maintains a central machine index and file of biographic data on foreign personalities and organizations to service requirements of CIA and the IAC agencies. 4. Ascertains the quantity and quality of biographic data available for na- tional intelligence purposes and initiates recommendations designed to improve and strengthen the government's biographic intelligence coverage. 1. Performs central services which are needed for the effective inter-depart- mental correlation and analysis of intelligence information concerning in- dustrial potential and installations in all foreign countries. 2. Correlates incoming items of foreign industrial intelligence information received from all sources, and prepares consolidated summaries thereof. 5. Ascertains the extent and quality of overall U. S. coverage on foreign in- dustrial intelligence and initiates recommendations designed to improve and strengthen such coverage. GRAPHICS REGISTER 1. Serves as a central repository for intelligence materials in photographic and cinematographic form received and produced by CIA. 2. Catalogs all pictorial materials received and, when appropriate, indexes their intelligence content for rapid exploitation by research analysts. 3. Surveys the photographic and motion picture holdings of other agencies to ascertain the quantity and quality of foreign intelligence coverage in these media. 4. Initiates procurement and reproduction of pictorial materials required for national intelligence purposes. Approved For Release 2003/01/30 : CIA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7 SECRET -12- ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF CONTACT BRANCH REPORTS TRANSLATION DIVISION SERVICE DIVISION SOURCE DIVISION FIELD OFF I CES DOCUMENT SOURCE SURVEY DIV. DOCUMENT SCREENING & REFERENCE DIVISION SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL DIVISION EASTERN EUROPEAN DIVISION NEAR EAST AFRICA DIV. PLANNING AND COORDINATING STAFF Approved For Release 2003/01/30 : CIA-RDP80R01731R001400110002-7 SE&ET FOREIGN DOCUMENTS BRANCH 1 January 1949 STAT - OFFICE OF OPERATIONS As a centralized collection service for CIA and the IAC agencies, the Office of Operations under the direction of the Assistant Director for Operations: 1. Provides centralized facilities for the exploitation of primary sources and the collection of foreign intelligence information directly from individuals and non-government organizations within the U. S., from foreign language documents, and from foreign broadcasts to satisfy intelligence requirements. 2. Directs and coordinates its collection services in accordance with requirements for information necessary for the production of depart- mental and national intelligence. 3. Assigns collection missions to its Branches to meet requirements received from OCD. 4. Maintains close liaison with OCD to insure prompt transmittal of information collected to all interested recipients. 5. Assists ICAPS in preparation of plans, policies, and procedures for inter-agency intelligence coordination. DEPUTY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Exercises general supervision over the administration of the office, performs such other duties as may be assigned by the Assistant Director, and serves as Assistant Director in the absence of that officer. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Provides internal office administrative services, including budget, personnel, supply, internal security controls, operation of a message center and the devel- opment and implementation of administrative procedures. 1. Studies the operations and methods of the several branches to assist in the development of coordinated plans and programs, and coordinates activities of the Office of Operations with other offices of CIA. 2. Analyzes the output of intelligence information by the several branches and recommends to the Assistant Director for Operations such changes in meth- ods or procedures as may improve branch operations, total collection func- tions, and the quantity and quality of production. 3. Gives assistance to the branch chiefs as directed by the Assistant Director. 1. Determines the foreign intelligence potential of non-governmental organizations and individuals in the United States, aliens and U. S. nationals, and develops information on such organizations and individuals needed to exploit them as sources of foreign intelligence information. 2. Establishes and develops contacts with these organizations and individuals having connections abroad, and collects foreign intelligence infor- mation from them, in close coordination with the IAC and other interested agencies. Exploitation of aliens is subject to concurrence of the FBI. 3. Clears, coordinates, controls and assists contacts with these sources for the collection of foreign intelligence information by other components of CIA and by the IAC agencies. 4. Coordinates with I & S regarding procedures and standards for security clearance of these sources, and is responsible for such protection of source identity as may be required. 5. Prepares, for dissemination, intelligence information reports from material obtained from these sources including material obtained by other agencies as a by-product of their non-intelligence relationships. 6. Coordinates with OCD in regard to intelligence requirements, and with ORE and OCD in regard to evaluation of reports. 7. Maintains an index of non-governmental sources in the U. S. utilizing the central machine facilities of OCD. Approved For Release 20031011301 ClA-RDP80RO1731ROO1400110002-7 SECRET 1 January 1949 ni:4y1 ::~4:?":}^:'1::4::':.:.::n...:+r :nif^:~ :.::v vi:F?;4:9 .4;?;,ry.,. vii;t .vn::.::.; ~.. .w:axr:.;rn:,...;' ... n, 4:u n..:vY:;.QJ'r?:i:;{'Fi:?r,~ 'r'~{.. `i1~4i??n ..lr.:.n r 4?.4Y i:: y:4'... ;:~j::{:: `?::. N?;vin .;;. .: n:f :iY:IV~':rye.;+'{k:4:? .;.?':.;.x.F'