SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000200090001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 15, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 4, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

 le-.p P,
For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
PB M632-8
SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
April )., 1958
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Office of Technical Services
Washington 25, D. C.
Published Weekly from February 14, 1958, to January 2, 1959.
Subscription Price 110.00 for the Series.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information on Soviet
Bloc International Geophysical Year activities selected
from foreign-language publications as indicated in paren-
theses. It is published as an aid to United States Gov-
ernment research.
SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
Table of Contents
1. Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites
II. Upper Atmosphere
III. Meteorology
IV. Oceanography
V. Geomagnetism
VI. Arctic and Antarctic
Page
1
7
18
18
19
19
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
CPYRGHT Sputnik II Completes 2,000th Revolution Around the Earth
PYRGHT
At 1800 hours Moscow time on 21 March Sputnik II completed its
2,000th revolution around the Earth. Since its launching 138 days ago
Sputnik II has traveled a distance equal to 89 million kilometers.
Regular optical observations of the movement of Sputnik II are
being conducted by about 80 optical observation stations in the Soviet
Union and more than 120 observations stations in Europe, Asia, Africa,
and North and South America, The best-quality measurements are regularly
received from observatories and optical observation stations in Pulkovo,
Arkhangelsk, Moscow, Ryazan', Riga, Vologda, Gor'kiy, Petrozavodsk,
Yakutsk, Stalinabad, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk, and other places.
Much valuable material is received from astronomical stations in
Czechoslovakia, China, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, East Germany, and
Finland. Because of the effect of atmospheric resistance at the minimum
point of its orbit the Sputnik Ii orbit has suffered great changes. The
revolution period has decreased 9.5 minutes and the maximum height of
its orbit has decreased 900 km,
avers
of Lhe a m sp ere and cease its existence l twPAn c a?rl i s An-e; i (Mnc
zvestiya, 21 Mar 58)
Rocket Trajectories for Flights Around Moon
CPYRGHT
The problem of plotting the trajectory of a rocket, launched from
the Earth, making a close flight around the Moon, and returning to Earth
without expending its fuel en route, is presented by P. A. Tsitovich in
an article, "Trajectories for the Flight of a Rocket Around the Moon,"
originally published in $yul? In-ta teor. astron, AN SSSR, Vol 6, No 8,
1957, pp 550-565. The possibility is shown of plotting similar trajec-
tories with arbitrarily small minimum distances from the Moon provided
that the rocket's velocity relative to the Earth at the moment of ap-
proach to the Moon is sufficiently great and is counter to the direction
of the Moon's velocity. Five orbits having symmetrical axes are con?-
structed by a method of graphic integration developed by the author.
These orbits are divided in two types. The first type forms two loops,
nna of e.h4 .,t, LL _ T,_ -1
_
lurnal -- Mekhanika, No 11, Nov 57, Abstract No 12382)
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
Possible Launching Vehicle for Soviet Sputniks
According to an article by A. Gregory in an Italian newspaper, the
launching vehicle for the Soviet sputniks could have been a modified
"T-7A." (Rome, I1 Giornale D1 Italia, 15 Mar 58)
Conference of Visual Satellite Observers Concludes in Moscow
A conference of visual satellite observers ended in Moscow on
12 March 1958, according to a report in Izvestiya. The conference was
organized by the Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences USSR
to summarize the results of the 5-month period of observations of Sput-
niks I and II and to exchange experience.
A. G. Masevich, deputy chairman of the Astronomical Council, told
the Izvestiya reporter that during the 5-month period about 2,000 obser-
vations were made. Observation data were sent by telegram to the address
"Moskva, Kosmos" (Moscow. Cosmos) and are processed in the Computation
Center of the Academy of Sciences USSR, The data serve to determine the
orbits of the satellites and to predict the satellites' movements.
The Astronomical Council decided to award many of the better observers
honorary certificates and special badges.
Associates of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy presented several
papers on the analysis of the observations which were conducted. The
problem on variation of the brightness of the satellites was also dis-
cussed. These changes have several causes. Their precise determination
is of great importance to science. In particular, it will permit establish-
ing the manner in which the satellites are oriented in space and the ex-
tent of the transparency of the atmosphere,
The Astronomical Council, A. G. Masevich told the reporter, will soon
supplement the equipment of the stations. These stations, she said, have
to work for a long time yet. (Moscow, Izvestiya, 13 Mar 58)
Soviet Obelisk to Commemorate First Earth Satellite
Soviet newspapers announce the opening of an all-union contest for
the best obelisk design to commemorate the launching of the world's first
artificial satellite by the Soviet Union,
CPYRGHT
"The distinguished victory of Soviet science and technology marking
the realization of man's daring dream and the beginning of a new era in
the development of world science and culture must be reflected by the
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 ApG mMor Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
architectural, sculptural, and other monumental art compositions of the
obelisk. It must also reflect the prominent role of K. P. Tsiolkovskiy,
the first scientist in the world to work on the problems of cosmic flights
and assist so much in the priority of the Soviet Union in this field of
science," says Pravda.
Izvestiya goes a little further on this theme with this notation
CPYRGHT from Tsiolkovski ne ng s ?rongly belLave first place will
go to the Soviet Un CPYRGHT
The obelisk will be erected in the central parterre of the Moscow
State University imeni Lomonosov. Plans for this monument must be in
accordance with a predetermined scale and should take into consideration
the design of the university and its statue of Lenin,
Entries are to be submitted to the Museum of Russian Architecture
imeni Shchusev. Deadline for entries is 10 May 1958, A public display
of entries will be held for a month after the close of the contest, and
the winners will be announced a month after closing of the display. The
first prize will be 30,000 rubles, the second 20,000, and the third 10,000.
An additional 1E0,000 rubles will be made available to the judges for en-
couragement and acquisition of projects, (Moscow, Pravda, 9 Mar 58;
Izvestiya, 9 Mar 58)
New Soviet Color Film, The Road to the Stars"
A review of the new Soviet color film, "Doroga k Zvezdam"' (The Road
to the Stars), appears in a popular Soviet periodical. This review is
illustrated by film frames which are keyed to descriptions in the text.
Numbers in parentheses refer to these frames, For the most part the
CPYRGHT review is given the viewer-narrator treatment, which goes as follows:
"A hatch opens. From it appears a man in dress resembling that of
a diver. He climbs out and floats in space.. A thin line connects him
to the ship flying in the spaciousness of the universe. This is the
first entrance into the cosmos! An now the astronaut stands on the nose
of the ship and sees what no other man has to this time seen -- the im_,
mense sphere of the Earth wrapped in the bluish haze of the atmosphere,
the reddish solar disk, and along with it myriads of bright nonflickering
stars in a black velvet sky.
"What is it? A page from a fantasy novel? No, this action is unfold..
ing on a screen before our eyes.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
"The new ucier-t;ifie-artistic color film, "The Road to the Stars,"
developed by the Leningrad Studio of Popular Science Films, unfolds
prospects of the new vigorously developing young science of astronautics
before the audience. The spectator appears as if he were present at the
origins of astronautics and follows themes of the astonishing achievements
which tomorrow will bring,
"One after the other pass episodes of man's discoveries in the world
in which he lives; distant navigation and attack on the poles, journey
into the heart of the atom and the living cell, investigation of the uni-
verse, high-altitude flights and deep-sea descent. However, riot once has
man crossed the threshold of his 'native home.' An now what is happen-
ing..., Across the sky flies a bright little star -- the first satellite,
a new moon created by the hands of Soviet people. With what did the seige
of the cosmos begin? The spectator is carried to the city of Kaluga at
the end of the last century. There, the unassuming teacher, Konstantin
Eduardovich Tsiolkovskiy, lived and worked. An illness had made him
practically deaf for his entire life. Contact with people became difficult.
With his sympathetic and attentive friends, children, he shared his secret
dreams of flight to the Moon, visits in space, and utilization of the
energy of the Sun.
"But how is it possible to fly in a vacuum?' Tsiolkovskiy poses this
question and also answers it. 'Look,' he says to a young boy, 'how it
is possible to travel in a boat. We are motionless, but I take an oar,
throw it behind, and the boat moves ahead. It is possible to propel one-
self away from any object one takes along and no brace such as air is
necessary' (1). Gradually, the idea of a cosmic ship develops. Tsiol-
kovslciy dwells persistently on this idea. On the street, at home, in
class, and while strolling, he reflects on what the future ship of the
universe will be like, The solution of the problem illuminates the dark-
ness of the unknown like a flash of lightning. The rocket is the true
ship of the universe The spectator relives the delight of the discovery
with the scientist, In 1903 the classic work of Tsiolkovskiy, 'Investi-
gation of Universal Space with Reaction Devices,' appeared. In his study,
Konstantin Tsiolkovskiy reads the manuscript of this work 1'2). He is
already an elderly man, but his eyes are as young as before and his mind
still labors on problems as to how to get beyond the limits of the Earth
and build a rocket which will contain the great quantity of fuel neces-
sar;r for interplanetary flight. In his decling years Tsiolkovskiy solves
thi:~ problem also with a rocket train consisting of sectional rockets
capable of attaining cosmic speedo
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
"The years pass. The ideas of the scientist began to be converted
into fact. Before the spectators passes the history of the modern rocket:
the first attempts, the failures and the sacrifices, and finally the
first successful flights. In 1933 the first Soviet rocket rises into the
sky (3),
"Step by step the film traces rocket techniques. The spectator be-
comes familiar with the construction of a rocket, through the help of
which amazing possibilities were opened up. It can overcome the distance
between any points of the Earth's sphere or attain circular velocity and
become a satellite of the Earth. On the screen appears the first satel-
lite which excited the entire world. 'The Earth is the cradle of intel-
ligence, but it is impossible to live in a cradle forever,' said Tsiolkov-
skiy. Man's entrance into the cosmos is contained in the latter portion
of the film, its scientific fantasy portion.
"There are the three who are the first to fly in the first ship (4).
The spectator watches the ship take off and follows the experiences of
the cosmonauts who are subjected to the action of overloading and, after-
ward, weightlessness (5). He follows the everyday operations of the
crew and the first exit of a helmeted man into the airless space of the
universe (6) and his return to Earth.
"After the first exploration, a large number of ships set out for
the cosmos to transport the parts of a future space station onto a
circling orbit. This will be an inhabited earth satellite. People in
helmets with miniature rocket engines move about in 'space construction'
(7). An unusual installation (8) develops -- a scientific research and
rocket drome in the cosmos. In it work scientists with various specialties:
physics and meteorology, biology, and astronomy. From here they observe
life on Earth, and the activity of the sur. and study the universe.
Equipped with a helmet, an astronomer works at his telescope, not fearing
his once eternal enemy, the atmosphere (9),
"A robot rocket has already departed for the Moon, and a ship with
people stands moored to the space station. A rocket approaches the lunar
surface (10). The first humans step out into an unknown world (11). This
work has slept thousands of years. Man has awakened it (12)0
"The film was produced by the creative collective headed by director-
producer F. V. Klumantsev according to the script of B. V. Lyapunov and
V. I. Solov'yev. Making of the film required great creativeness and in-
ventiveness. It was necessary to construct much complicated scenery, per-
fect methods for showing such unusual shots as weightlessness, construct
a ship and a space station, and reproduce the historical episodes. The
torical-biographical, Donula
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
Shternfel' d `_fook: on Artificial Earth Satellites and Space Travel CPYRGHT
Ot iskusstvenno o c utnika k mezh lanetn poletam (From Artificial
Satellite to Interplanetary Flight) by A. A. Shternfel'd is a popular
book describing the structure of cosmic craft -- cosmic rockets and arti-
ficial satellites, the movement of artificial satellites, the methods for
observing therry and what scientific problems can be solved with the use of
artificial satellites. There are chapters on the survival of man in inter-
f
f th
MW 7W s o
e solar
sys em. The book is intended for a wide (Novyye Knigi,
CP~R9&H ?57' p 51 CPYRGHT
Mezhplanetnyye polety (Interplanetary Travel) is a 63-.Page pamphlet
nii"hlqcli,~H in 1Q57 1,ar the ishin house for F
sian, English, and Spanish. (Novyye Knigi, No 17, 1957, p 12; and No 27,
1957, p 31) CPYRGHT
Proposed Soviet Rocket 120 Meters Long
A Slovak net:,spaper reports that one of the planned Soviet rockets
will be 120 meters high. The item is accompanied by a photograph of a
rocket. (Bratislava, Sloboda, 19 Jan 58)
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
CPYRGHT
Soviet Astronomical Instrument Building Reviewed
0. A. Mel'nikov, Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences and a member
of the Main Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo, in a short review of
Soviet astronomical instrument building says that there are not many new
Soviet makes of reflecting astrophysical telescopes. It should be noted,
he says, that the original anaberration 40-cm telescope at Byurakan Ob-
servatory was built in 1946 and reconstructed in 1950. It has two sys-
tems: one similar to the Cassegrain with an equivalent focus of 3.2 m
and the other similar to Schwarzschild, basically, with a 1.2 m focus.
In the latter case both mirrors are concave and elliptic and the second
mirror is located on the side of the tube; the beams from the main mirror
are reflected to it by a diagonal mirror. The focal plane is located on
the other side of the tube. The system is convenient from the optical
and mechanical viewpoint.
In recent years more powerful reflecting -telescopes were set up in
a number of observatories. A `70-cm reflecting telescope on a parallactic
mounting was made under the supervision of P. V. Dobyehin for the Astro-
nomical Institute imeni P. K. Shternberg in Moscow and the observatory
of the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR. For these institutes and for
the Pulkovo and Byu.rakan observatories, 25-cm afocal parabolic reflectors
(1/3) with quartz spectrograph of the 0. A. Mel'nikov system and B. K.
Ioannisiani design, which are used particularly under high mountain con-
ditions for observing ultraviolet spectra of stars, were made.
Successful work with reflectors is determined to a large degree by
the quality of their, main, usually parabolic, mirror. In this connection,
in 1939-19211 N. G. Ponomarev worked on the problem of making large astro-
disks for astronomical mirrors. The mirror consisted of separate hone)canb-
glass with hexagonal sections "..ooked" one to another and to a support
plate of which the front side was ground., polished, and retouched to give
it the required mirror surface. High-quality samples with a diameter to
one m were made.
Later, it was established by De D. Maksutov that under operating
conditions of reflectors "honeycomb" or "ribbed." (from the rear) metallic
mirrors especially from alloy steel. are more suitab1.e. In the selection
of material for the mirror not only the physicochemical and mechanical
properties of the mirror but also the technology of its manufacture, i.e.,
the possibility of polishing and coating with a fine aluminum or other
good reflecting film, have to be considered.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Cp P1 p (ed For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
In a short time, I4e..'ni1ov continues, a large (2.6 m) reflecting
to t.escopce which tai l.l. be almost comoletely automatic will be completed
for the Crimean Observatory.
Much has been clone in the construction of refracting telescopes.
In this field the mas tec?piece is the #;2-cm photographic double lens
achromat (1/13) ground in the State Optical Institute under the direction
of D. D. Maksutov by the optician M. A. Stepanov. It is probable that
this objective will be coupled with the Pulkovo 76-cm visual (1/19).
This double astrograph will be the largest instrument of its type in
the world.
In 1955 a Soviet-made 23-cm wide-angle astrograph (110) with a
60 by 60 field was installed at the observatory of the State Astronom-
ical Institute imeni P. K. Shternberg on Lenin Hills on the Moscow State
University campus for astrometrical purposes.
The most original of the short-focus astrographs is the double astro-
;yraph made for Pulkovo and Kiev (Goloseyevo) observatories and also the
seven camera panoramic astrograph for the Mayaki station of the Odessa
observatory. Many observatories have light-gathering wide-angle astro-
graphs.
The fixed Pulkovo 20-cm polar tube (1/30) set up at the North Pole
may be considered a type of astrophotographic instrument. According to
the measurement of the diurnal arc of the stars on photographs taken with
this instrument, precession, nutation, and aberration are studied.
With the astrometrical astrograph also may be included the horizon-
tal telescope of Bel'kovich with the Markowitz Moon camera at the Engel'-
gardt observatory and the 25-cm photographic zenith tube at Pulkovo and
the Institute imeni P. K. Shternberg for latitude service.
In recent years Soviet industry placed in Soviet observatories high-
quality standard 20-cm visual refractors (115) for observing variable
stars and solving a number of other problems..
Two new systems of mirror-lens telescopes have been created in the
Soviet Union: D. D. Maksutov's meniscus system and G. G. Slyusarev's
system.
The largest mirror-lens meniscus astrophysical telescope was made
for tha Abastumarii observatory. The diameter of input apertuaNe, i.e.,
the meniscus, is 70 cm and the mirror is 97.5 cm. The optics of the
telescope is of the D. D. Maksutov system and B. K. Ioannisiani design.
In the direct focus the working field is 505'; but equivalent to the
Cassegrain 40'.. Among the accessories are a diffraction-grating spectro-
graph and one of the largest and highest-quality objective prisms in the
world? Its diameter is 72.5 cm and refracting angle, 80. The telescope
is semiautomatic and is controlled from a general control desk..
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
CPYRGHT
The next telescope in size is the `j()-cm menisc'.: telescope. At the
Alma.-Ata observatory such a telescope has a b'(-cm mirror and a focal
length of 1.2 m (1/2.4). Its plane o:)eratin field is U? in diameter,
which is achieved by mount-J~ng a tee:. ._l lens in front of the focal sur-
face. With this telescope V. G. Fesenkov and D. A. Rozahovskiy observed
the extremely fine parts of many galactic nebulae. A similar instrument,
but of different design and less sensitive, is located at the Astro-
nomical Institute imeni P. K. Shternberc, and has a meniscus diameter of
50 cm, a 70-cm mirror (1/IE), and a 2-m focal length.
Even less sensitive are the Pulkovo and Crimean 50-cm meniscus
telescopes (1/13). However, th:Ls is because they have a fixed I:ude
focus. The beams of l-ight are led oat through the declination axis and
the polar in the housing of the tower to which is coupled a receiver.
For expeditionary pur_~oses a :;er.es of 20-cm meniscus telescopes
with equivalent focal lengths of 2 m and 1_) ra and attachments in the form
of eletrophotometers, spectrorra.,ths, etv., were made.
For exploratory expeditions and pedagogical higher educational in-
stitutions, 250-, 140-, and meniscus telescopes are especially
issued.
Several years ago a 325-in anaberration mirror-lens telescope with
a G. G. Slyusarev system was made for the Pul'_:ovo observatory.
As an experiment, several. telescopes ; ri ch a B. Schmidt mirror-lens
system were made. The largest of these with a 53-cm plate-lens and a
mirror (1/3.IE) was installed at Buryakan observatory in 1951. With the
aid of this instrument B, 1'e. Markaryan obtained high-quality material
on star clusters.
Meniscus systems have an advantage over the Schmidt systems in that
in the parameters mentioned the meniscus system is twice as short and its
aberration is less.
The construction and introduction in B:urakan and the Crimea of
special telescopes (designed by B. K. Ioannis iani) for observing nebulae
spectra are great achievements. In the bottom of a pi.t are mounted a
meniscus prism camera and a u1ane mirror reflecting the beam to the slit.
Light from a star falls on the coelostat mirror and is reflected to a
polar mirror (perpendicular to the Earth's axis) located at a distance
of 25 in. From this mirror. lir ht, reflected and traversing this dis-
tance, falls on a prism meniscus .1-5--cm. camera (1/1). This system seems
to "cut out" a very :Large Dart of the nebulae in the sky (for example,
a fiber), and then, mixing the spectrum of the sky, is extinguished, and
the spectra of the nebulae are emphasized. A similar instrument was used
by N. N. Pariyskiy for observinc; tl:e spectrum of the corona during the
solar eclipse of 1941 at the Institute :L:,ieni P. K. Shternberg and is now
being used in Alma-Ata in several varied t;1Pes for a number of other prob-
lems.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYRA,T.nvPrl Fnr Rplpacp 1000/f1Q/f1R - rIA-RfPR9-nn1MRnnn9nnnQnnn1..%
The L)rirle of Soviet astronomical instrument building, says Mel'nikov,
is the Crimean tower solar telescope (diameter of the entire mirror is
with a supplementary b0-cm) with a powerful diffraction spectro-
graph and a double beam ,nectroheliograph. With the aid of this telescope,
whose manufacture was supervised by P. V. Dobychin on assignment from A.
B. Severnyy, many-sided investigations on the physics of the Sun are con-
ducted.
At present, the tower solar telescope of the observatory at the In-
stitute imeni P. K. Shternberg and, also, the horizontal solar telescope
at this same observatory and the station of the Institute of Terrestrial
Magnetism are being installed.
Many solar installations of horizontal and vertical types have been
made and are being used successfully at the L'vov, Kiev, Kuchino, Lenin-
grad, Tashkent, and other observatories. All these have good diffraction
spectrographs as accessories.
In the Crimean observatory a Soviet-made coronagraph in combination
with a polarized interference filter (IPF) calculated by A. B. Severnyy
and made by A. B. Gil'varg was installed and is used efficiently.
High-quality narrow-band IPF filters calculated by S. B. Ioffe of the
State Optical Institute were made for Pulkovo.
The network of stations of the Sun Service USSR is equipped with
original two meniscus heliographs for observing spots and with chromo-
sphere telescopes for observing the chromosphere and photosphere. A
spectrohelioscope of N. G. Ponomarev and N. P. Barabashev (1935) design
are used at the Kharkov station.
Since the restoration [World war II] of Pulkovo, a horizontal solar
telescope of N. G. Ponomarev design with D. D. Maksutov optics (diameter
of the coelostat mirror is 45 cm) has been operating. The spherical mir-
ror in the direct, Newtonian focus gives a 15.6-cm image of the Sun and
in the Cassegrain focus an image 56.0 cm in diameter.
In such a way, for the most important works on the study of the
physics of the Sun Soviet opticomechanical industry and native workshops
of -the observatories prepared an entirely modern instrument base.
In speaking of astrometrical, stellar instruments, above all, the
development and manufacture under the direction of P. V. Dobychin of the
contemporary classical 18-cm meridian arc (1/13) for the Institute imeni
P. K. Shternberg, which, however, has not been installed, and also the
horizontal meridian instrument designed by L. A. Sukharev for Pulkovo,
should be mentioned. The basic part of the latter instrument is a revolv-
ing massive metallic mirror (on a horizontal axis). On both sides of the
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYRGHT For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
mirror horizontally and in the meridian are located two telescopes to
which are directed the light from the stars culminating in a given place.
In this case the dangerous bend of the instrument is absent, and the con-
temporary photoelectric method of recording is used in a more simple form.
In very recent times Soviet industry has made a series of new zenith-
telescopes with a 18.0-cm aperture and 2.36-m focal length, that have
more light-gathering power than most existing ones.
The USSR Time Service obtained a series of new classical transit in-
struments for observing the passage of stars across the meridian. These
transits have a 10-cm aperture and a one-m focal length (a broken tube).
The stellar interferometer and the interference heliometer of the
V. P. Linnik system should be included among the original astrometrical
instruments. These new complex instruments at present are being worked
with at Pulkovo.
For observing meteors in Odessa at the "Kinap" Plant and in a number
of observatories a series of multicamera "meteor patrols" have been made.
These are special wide-angle astrographs which imprint the flashing trail
of a very fast flying object.
Soviet opticomechanical and other branches of industry provided the
observatories of the USSR and the astronomers also with improved labora-
tory equipment and various instruments -- objective and self-recording
microphotometers; measuring machines for spectra and direct photography
of stars; spectrophotometers; distributors of spectra; examiners of levels
and printing chronographs; quartz, atomic, and molecular clocks, and in
general, chronometers; computers; all kinds of spectrographs; receivers
of radiation; etc.
Soviet specialists have a solid instrument base ensuring the success-
ful conduct of various investigations, especially in connection with the
IGY program.
A number of stations are equipped with radar installations, but, says
Mel'nikov, these will not be discussed, nor will radio astronomical tele-
scopes constructed recently in the USSR. A review of these instruments,
he says, would constitute a separate article.
The successes of astronomical instrument building in the USSR are
really great. According to Mel'nikov, the following are tasks which
remain before Soviet astronomers in the future:
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPY~oved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
Ti'Ire first L?crrik is the clev(J.opment and construction of new gigantic
telescopes, probably all reflecting telescopes using every modern means
of e:Lectrical cngirreering, electronics, arid tcJ.emr:chanics. It is prob-
abic that in the future astronomers will couple together two or more
identical telescopes for aanpiifying signals and pcnetratinU, even deeper
into outer space.
The second task of instrument buiidinL;, which, however, will be sub-
ordinate to the first, is the development of new and improved, :;mall re-
ceivers of radiation, ccpoc:Lal:Ly television tubes for the very inaccessible
range of the spectra.
The third, and also very mportant, task is to develop method: of
recording radiation from celestial objects.
The fourth tas1:, rubordirrabo to the rest, is to create an even more
perfect and completely automatic multifoi7n laboratory, (measuring) in-
struments, etc.
In concluding his review Me2.'nikov says that it can be said with
confidence that, having cva,iJ.able such perfected equipment, Soviet astro-
nomers will accomplish new important research, will uncover ne-T secrets
r`i' th(' universe, n?,d will be cn nn !_etely prepared to an w r those questions
which will be placed before thorn in the near future by Soviet reality and
Soviet engineering, especially rocket engineering, in the gigantic strides
of forging ahead.
The article contains a photo;;raph of the 'j'U-c:,i tolesco')e of -the D.
D. Maksutov system and B. K. Ioannisiard. desiL;ri for the AbasL?umani ob-
servatory and a photo-;raph of the 70-cm telescope designed by P. V.
:i , Institute lineni P. K. Slhternberg in Moscow.
(Vestnik Akademii idaul; SSSR, 1Io :L, Jan 5i:, pp 514-59
Soviet Meteor Study Work Noted
CPYRGHT
"The Role of the Base L ins in Determining; Meteor Orbits" by S. V.
Orlov indicates that in fixing meteor orbits by photographic observations
it is essential to know the base, radius of curvature of the great circle
are connecting the ends of the base, the distance to the corresponding
points of the photo,traplhed trace, and the passage time of the meteoric
body along a determined path.
Orlov's work:, which appeared originally in the Byul Komis. po Kometam
i Mete:oram Astron. Soveta AN SSSF% (Bulletin of the Coi:u)iission on Comets
and Meteors of the Astronomy Council, Academy of Sciences USSR), No 1,
1957, pp 24-23, examines in detail the problem of calculating these quan-
tities. It is demonstrated that, in setting the base line according to
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYRGHT
file ~'or?f,X?al,ll.l.c coord.i.ncle(; o.1' it!; click.;, ?er:Lr.h tlio ucnurutu to
1" ,.t:ld :a brr;c l.euc; t hall A k t, tic; err 7r i,ir.>,:i reach CO.u or. I?dnus 30 m.
'.l'', :I.norcl:lca accl.u';u: :1.11 cicr'I:c:!?m ,n l uL; brt,3e .LenL-)th i.L; is Ilc?ccc,ouary citl'lrr to
knew Lila ,;(':cl(tr,:.i)h:i.c cc~e:)rci1.ruc!;ers o1' t ;c 6bc':rv'r1,c:Lou po till- ; lr i.'ti a hi.C;l1
do ' rca of accuracy or to 'L:it;, ;.ti ~-.) ('~ 'od t).C L7A:111't: cl.off;t, to the base..
The author LLLsc examine.-, the problem ol:' 1:o.wcr'a rlaJuctnenL; ultra -:,reuentr:;
forluu.l ar; for comps lt;J r1r; the anl;.i.ca; (I' of i;lle cull)cruc; ' oI:, Lictal
.u?.e r for t.l,h purpose of photos,raph:i r1C. i:.ltc idurltical re(,ion Of the tat'nncQ; -
.ohcrc'. Nc:1'eratJ.vnyy Y.1t lrnal. -- Astronoiniya i Cleodez.,Lya, No 12,, Due 5'7,
Abstract No 9(l)3 i,y L. A. 1, at;a~lev)
"'Bic Lirzht, lnteeru?iity Curve of ]de-tecera and the Cop!ocha, Method of.
Ci:c:cl:in? the Dace.Lcrat:i on Patter tl of u Gin1 Le 1'4cteoric Body" by B. Yu.
Koulic . o ]:alne l,a n :I,
Levin and S. V. I4 yeva, 1+i11:ich appeared in 13,11d.
Ietuortun ovcta AN SSST2, NO 1, 1957, VP 10-.31,prer~etrtsM he d( ;r-
:Lvcat.on of a formula for comout ing the momentary 1I& , intensity of a
!n^teor according to its momentary velocity. By means of this formula
?.if ht intensity curves for five meteors photographed in Czechoslovakia
are computed. and compared with observation curves. Ceplecha's method
(R3ferativnyy Zhhurna:l -- Astronom:Lya i Geodezi a, 19511?, Abstract No Ii?948)
for comparing a theoretical and actual dece:l.eration pattern is applied -to
the same notec:rs'. It is dernonstrate'l that there is no connection between
~,nd a deviation of
the actual dec'aierat:Lon pattern from the theoretical. (Referativnyy Zhurnal
CPYRGHT.... Astl?unolniya i Ccodaziya, No 12, Dec 57, Abstract No 9794 by Zd. Ceplecha)
T~Oll:ill~jica~'G)~l''(li)a:U( X'i1 T~a J;i:; ~G'1;1 and Ai:1::
CPYRGHT
The 0n& zei,,olri.e ob;e;"iatoi':; r;o'L.III for ,rleteur photGC;raphy, r.: de-
scribed by Zdenel: Ceplec is in a rar; t;ronumy ,jot-u ncL.I. (;'!?~'GC17;L_A31:r011,
Vol ,Io 1, pp l n) eons i:; 1;u of ;un fixed carders.:. with Tc~scar
I.: 1. lcrr ens (f = 18 cn:l) which c!.JVr:.,r 'tore than hu.Lf the The apj)arat or3
equipped wit-.Ili tire; rotary obi; l 1 L'c:'r;. An _.duntic~a.l. installation 10 sct
p at rt s"...tion in PrcIcy, 40 lull f1-o.., c).- Ida: cijolr'.ie. 'Ta't observation:;
(G min'I' .: ;,'ielded fully 1'c.au:! t:. Jiur i.n~; the WY three
id.el'!ti(`ai. to tl!o Gt11c1.;, ;ii1.1 i)e ol'.1.;l .e(1. U1.111 at .cast more, will. bu nut to zu;e. The chief
I;i11 be tile I 'ie;;tI. aL ru1 of ;ca.tccrl' abrea~ll;, ;L,.b. t;ant'_atioa of a ph:js-
c, . ,t
a?.ti.tude (!';~I'c:'~...~.,. '1, ' ' :.~inu?rla:. - Is1:i'orie:i . a i 12,
CPYRGHT tic
tai;eUuj.ve ra,t`.
CPYRGHT
Thu :~ ie ;r. ~_'f :~. G'i'I. .:.C~?e en.lt.i!-'t..lc:.{.GLJc; at thc
i:at U" :1-r_
1 L:: iiaa of .`t C o` i
(iioaci..'.l,
- 13 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYRGHT
i u lc) tc:Lcracope waf.i corrnt'ucix:d accordiuG to I-cchni.cua. upeci-
ficat Lun:, w.n. I 'U out by V. I. Saklrarev and I. P1. Korbut, noioutii':i e as -
sociutou ;.Lt tlic Hain Astroriowical Observatory in Pulkovo near Lenlnt;rad.
The tc_Lcscopc' li a,:a an objective 1.orw diameter of 1.80 nvn and a focal Length
of 2,360 uuu. According to 0. Karyuhov, it J.o the largout telescope of
its hind in the world and is used in ut ? n .~ ? r
p ..es . eu:I.rigrudskaya Pravda, 8 Jan
CPYRGHT
Now L.J.ec t ~lroto,neter Records Current Rat:i.o of Two L ifrht Streams
An exporimontal model of an electrophotometor, which Gives t record
of the rat Lo of two streams of lid1Lt, is described in. an article entitled
"An Eleetrophotometer for Recording the Ratio of Two Streams of Light,"
by G. M. Malyshev, Leningrad State University imeni A. A. Zhdanov. Two
photomultipl:Lers, a double-bridge amplifier, and an automatic potentio''.
meter (UP-1) are used as a ratiometer in the eleetrophotorneter. All the
basic components used in the photometer are of Soviet manufacture. Char-
acteristics and scunples of photometer recordings are presented. (Pribory
i Tekhnilca Elcsperirnenta, No 6, 1.957) Pp 98-100)
Armenian Observatory Develops Second Microphotometer
CPYRGHT
The automatic registration of spectrograms on a dark scale is ac-
complished by a new self-recording microphotorneter which was developed
in the Dyuralcan Observatory, Armenian SSR. According to G. A. Gurzadyan
("Second Self-Recording Microphotometer of Byurakan Observatory)" Soobshch.
Byuralcansk. obser. AN ArmSSR, No 18, 1956; PP 29-32), the instrument is
based on the objective lens photometer of the State Optical InstitLite`(GOI).
It can be used in those cases which do not require the deterli'nation of
the-precise values of Crave .Lengths according to microphotograms. The re-
cording scale is adjustable. 7'lie rectangular cross section of the actu-
ating light rcy, in the GOI system is replaced by a circular one into whose
path- a dark-red cellophane film having a rectangular opening is placed.
The part of the rays being measured on the membrane passes -through this
opening, the working sizes of which are determined with the aid of a spe-
cial attachment. It is possible to obtain transverse and linear scales
directly during recordinr;. Power for 1-he infi?h.n,m,zn?I? Js supplied by a
gn and yb_ :a.g
Zhurnal -- Geofizika, No 2, Feb 57, Abstract No 94:1)
Referativnyy
CPYRGHT
Electromagnetic Fields in heterogeneous Media Studied
D. N. Chetayev, in an article entitled "Calculation of the Nonsteady
State of Electromagnetic Fields in Heterogeneous Media," considers the
formation of an electromagnetic field perturbed by the element of a direct
current in a two :Layer medium in cases when the conductivity of the layer
is sufficiently close to the conductivity of the base and when the con-
ductivity of the bate is sufficiently small. (Trudy Geofizicheskogo In-
stituta, No 32 01.591, -1956,. PP 3-25)
- 14 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
Cze-choslovak 'T'elescope at Ska'l1?nate )?].Q.so atox
The ma:Ln telescope at the observatory at Skalnate Pleso (lake) is
being used more frequently during the IGY. The item is accompanied by a
photograph of the telescope. (Bratislava, Sloboda, 19 Jan 58, p 6)
Book? on Astronomy of IGY Interest
I. Ral:hlin, writing on booko on astronomy in the weekly bibliographic
bulletin of the All-Union Book Chamber, indicates that the State Publish-
ing House for Technical and Theoretical Literature was to issue 11+ titles
in 1.957 and considerably more than that in 1958.
Concerning books to be issued in connection with the IGY, he says
the following:
CPYRGHT
The study of meteors has today acquired an immediate practical sig-
nificance because it is one of the methods of investigating the properties
of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere and. one of the ways of solv-
ing problems involved in interplanetary flight. Meteornyye yavleniya v
atmosfere (Meteor Phenomena in the Atmosphere)by I. S. Astapovich, Foto-
raf cheskc metody meteornoy astronomic (Photographic Methods in Meteor
Astronomy by Docent L. A. Katasev, and Meteornaya Astronomiya (Meteor
Astronomy), which is a translation from the English of Prof A. C. B.
Lovell's book, practically embrace all aspects of meteor astronomy for
observers. The first of these monographs is devoted to methods of ob-
serving meteors (chiefly visual) and physical phenomena during movement
of meteoric bodies in the Earth's atmosphere. The second book deals with
photographic methods. The third discusses radar methods of observing
meteors and the obtaining of results by this method.
The comparatively small popular scientific book Solntse I atmosfera
Zemli (The Sun and the Earth's Atmosphere) by E. R. Mustel', Corresponding
Member of the Academy of Sciences USSR, is written on a modern scientific
level and is appropriate for students of the upper classes. This publica-
tion will also be of interest to specialists such as radiophysicists,
mag-netologists, and workers in other fields of science conducting observa-
tions according to the IGY program.
Nearly all problems connected with the problem of Sun-Earth are ex-
amined in the popular monograph Solntse I yego yliyaniye na Zemlyu (The
Sun and Its Effect on the Earth), which is a translation of Ellison's
book from the English.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYYIved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
i.t I; f:!'11II 1Ut1 La 1;, ll'` ..I. LiIIIJi!1.' ((I' ti,l'i L .:1..?iUlil;i1,1 1; 1k.Iu'..,1'('.l) Ill).
Prof L 1'.. ViiI1LV~l.;.'1.,.;1::1 !'.I I'10`111~,( 1L~l !.1'.L!:r':1.:;I,;.11lJ.~ _I1- L (PI1yiI
:Lca.l. C1it x /~t;c~i'a;.;l',.it:;r c,l.' i;c.,lnuL l) t:u1-l; li.rl:~ l)i?i.c.t J.la'larnlcat,ac;ll or1 ~L,lle nature,
or.L; :Lu, and (:?1I!.i.rlbi.c.,n (,.i' ';(:?IO?:;u, (_(1' 107.1. 1;.11ow1.1 eor11et.; in hJ.a-
tovy, AI-1(d tlu, 1!.l1.'cs;u11:; L%I' (?C ro)n(;tla which are appcarillg'
una 1L ;1r1LLLI I,j-J, (l(' 't11cJ.a' In Prof K.
F, (11~,',1.'(.,CL1l,ii~u'J''~ L)i'!U1: 1)'i11CLlil.l.i:1l. 'L.fC:':(L11~f1:I). .I 't;(?'il. (, 1)'~r1.1:.1111a1:'1 of Star Systems)
tr:i:i.ar ~Lyrlalu:i..,.. LO Ll: iIt br;L)I':;I) of aut,rc,rlomy is syutcm-
a'tict6.L.Ly L(ru-,un?lo( d. :(?'(.)r I.)ia 1''1.:1', ,'t 't.J.la( A(1!;1'i,,n( 1101 'L6 (:,10,1:3.12 za, 1+0 let
(3 f.e:are .
(1''cir Ly Yea:ri. ",1' ,11:3 !;X'or 1t.,11iJ' in ?I:.17e t 1;'JSit) J.a bo J.1"l~; !lX't: ~!Lll?i:O. for v
7,(x1dJ.r1? Jo'r Lt''I; cu:; !;t or,'amc .:~,:; 1 :t'o i>>.x'tJ.c i.patil~.t; :311 t1 a propa.1'at ton of this
aympkxj .l.lul:. A 11J.'b:1.I':,tyraplty of Sov:Lct worls and books
on a:: i;rollomy J.a p1,1.n;.lc.(J. . (.."ic o.:Lc,remcntioriod, booku will i re1.Ca ed at
the o?penin*, in Moscow of the (Tenth Congress of the International Astro-
nc'!1ni.c Ll. TTn:Lori.
It is p.Lannerl. -I-,C) piib.l.iuh n(;tr :i.cl: ucs in the "Popular Luct;ures on
A:it''ononiy'' . e:1?J.t 1(, which is, :iiiterldtxt :1'or ,ituclerlts in the upper classes
and ncz'aon; w'.th .1 :; :car:':1Ltizy eiiur::vt:i.an. Tri(iluded in 1;hl.s series; will be
the foJ.lowJ n;; : V mire zy c zrd (In tho WorI J. of Stars)) by P. P. Parenago,
Correl,po.ndinl; Mauib(:r of the Ac;.demy of Sciencra, USSR.; Artronorniya na
:L11z11be rl.').roc.irlol;a 1' lluzyayst,i (As t;r. onomy in the Service of the National
Economy , by Prol' K. A. Ku I.il 'av; Dv.I.zhcn:1.;i`ri, zvez(i (Moirement of the Stars),
by V. N. ICoruLrat,; Ml !;cu (iti't( or:itcs-), by Ye:.L. Kr'Lnov; and. Solneeh-
nal,ra i;orona (Solar Corona), by E. V. Konorlovrich.
Iii t;1L~ ' A na1,i ii.' 1 :'t;:1'L)Ill)11ter ' i LiL nury" sc1 iar V. A. Brorizh'ten's book
]?lanety i i y(: (P.lanets rirdd. ` heir Ob.;c'rvation will be pub-
J..i.choc:? . The fir,3t oaa?;: io dov':v cd. tc: a da lc:r:i.pt:i.on of planets and. the
^ , -i 1; ,! I l' c do-.I ,1. i'o:c c;omrduc.-blur, ].nit(; ?e):UaeL1t amateur observations
of plane-l;01 (Idov iy'.: Kni~ci, Ur, 313 , Auk*, ? ( , pp
CPYRGHT
~lkn)(a._1)liez J.;? P_,7 r trtsivJ.t~y
Now Books on Sol ox PY .sand
CPYRGHT
Of :,ilc Sun) by A. D. Sevrx';:1yy is part of a
popular sc:i rtc r~(::(?:i.E a.;:u. ?t;h,-:i 1atea'1:. data and ideas on the phys-
ica:L ?t1 a,aart c?:f tIi ,:,r):l.Lk.L a'I;,ncsl?klere , on thQ p?.'oc,=:;,,es occuxTir1U on the
Sun, an(a on their effr.(:'t Oh. ina;;ne-t? ism and on the upper layers
of the L1ortli': atra(~: r,11(:rc:. Til,.: honk on.(' with methods and
inotrumcnts for J.t o vu-, in, i;i'.E3 p.(1 yc i c'aa_ c:on? i.tioln of 'the solar atnlos -
(;cl).j in-r on i;i,i: ,iiln. In:,crg";terl in astronomy
will en. joy this book { Itcl?j ~,r, 1Cni i , tfo 3, 3.95,Y, p 49)
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 A 6H6r Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
Solntoe i atmoofera ZennJ.i, (The Sun and the Earth's Atmosphere) by
E. R. Motel' deocribeo, in popular form, the effect of the Sun on the
Earth 'o atmosphere. The first sections of the boot: are devoted to a
description of the Sun and t1le processes occurring, on its surface. In
thu ouccecding chapters the effects of ultraviolet and corpuscular radia-
tion of the Sun on the upper layers of the atmosphere are discussed. Vic-
problems examined have great oig,nificancc for practical radio communica-
tions. A special chapter contains a short description of the leading
facto on the effect of the Sun on the weather. The final chapter gives
an idea of the type of work on the study of the influence of the Sun on
the Earth which will be conducted during the IGY. The book is intended
for pupils in upper classes, instructors. lecturers, specialists in
Novyye Knigi, No 49, 1957,
CPYRGHT
Pribory i rneL?ody dlya izucheiiiya elektrichestva atmesfery (Instru-
rents ;end Methods for Studying Atmospheric Electricity by I. M. Imyanitov,
duh'.iahed In 1957, is devoted to the L)rob.'.e:n on the formation and )ron-
%rt.tes of utmoo theric e!.ectricity. Details are given on the apparatus
:)rocessing the results of measurements.
CPYRGHT
- 17 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
i:rI. id~71'i:;C)1;ULUC;'4
New Act:tnornc?I;ri.c Instruments
CPYRGHT
A now s:tnpli'Cic(t typo pyrt:rtomc ter, rraf;f.'cr1?ng from several atnndard
types in that it 11aa n blackoncd r a.iunl.iiu,r fo l n: mbrasic; (a.U~-0.02 nan
thick) for the ;torcoption of rrtcla..-oit r:.ya, is 1~e;;cvibecl. by T. I. 1'rokhorov
in "Actinon;etric Instrur nl;a Ir:l.t:h ibs;,brr!tu?: ';'rr:nccl.?tccrrl,, urii.;inally '9ub-
.Lished in Ti'. ICazc:khsk. n.-l.. ,;tdroiiot. :tn-t,c, "n '( 195r), pp P;2-,96. The
n:,cr,?hrunc is otrotchod. over .c curve(I. thermv1.1y insulated
from the body of tho instrurront. For decre isirve the heat transfer to the
housing from the membrane, a circular white band is placed in the latter
so that it adjoins the fran:. Solar radiation buckles the membrane, which
action is transferred throurji a system of rods to a needle guaSe. The
membrane is protecteci by a cover glass and suitable measures are taken
trgf?irrst condorisut:i.on tinccn the ii-ista.?umerrt cooks. The selection of a
thin membrane, fastened all along itu circunforcnce, rather than the usual
type fastened at the encl.s, ensures the necessary firmness and stability
of the system in the case of small thermal. inertia (10 seconds). Tests
have shown that the instrument's temperature coefficient is sufficiently
small and that Its conversion coefficient retains its value with sufficient
accuracy for practical. purposes even under field conditions.
An albedograph has been developed o,t these sc.tn~.e principles, both
or grou d observation as well as in combination with airplane n teoro-
Refe.rtitivnyy Zhur~?ul -- Geofizika, No 2, Feb 5j, Abstract No
9i'o) ?CPYRGHT
T
Zaryn in Buenos fires
The arrival of the c;:pcciit i.onc:ry ship Zaryc.; in l .tcitos Aires on the
17th of I?:arch is reportat1 in the Soviet press. The ship will remain in
port for 2 weeks before cortittuin.- her voyage under tht IGY program.
(L oscotr, Izvestiya, 1.9 1, sr. 50
')
Electronic and Acoustical Ec:u:tpment Used in Marine In:vesti{.otions
(onteinporary technical equipn:erit used. in hydrolorgricai and hydrographic
work, is presented in the ntonoTrulh, Radiotel-hnich~skiye i gid.roakustiche-
ski e sredstva morskilti 7.ss1 ed.ovan:ty P 1io Engineering and IIydroacoustical
tbans Used in harine Investigations by V. V. Drcmiyug. Bnsi.c: attention
is centered on hydroacoustical and radio engineerin- niethocls for studying
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 Apepgthgr Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
marine objects. The monogrra?ph is intended for, occanol,;raphers, hydragraphers
and navigators interested in Investigations co1irn(ecLed with navigation. -Dort
consr4rucr4ion, anct serf commerce. The bnnlc mn it i.7'1 nn 'he, used as a textual
CPYRGHT
Novyye Knigi (New
Czechoslovak Geomagnetic Stations in Budlc.ov
According to a short item in a February issue of the newspaper of
the Czechoslovak Socialist Party, a center for research on the time micro-
strucdturec of.f' the earth's electromagnetic field, was established in
Budkov near Hu:3inec. The Institute of Geophysics of the Czechoslovak
Academy of Sciences established stations here for observing rapid geo-
magnetic and telluric variations. The article says that both stations
work together closely and really form one unit, and. that since 1 January
1958 results have been sent to the IGY regional center in Moscow, the
center for geomagnetic service in De Bilt in the Netherlands, and to the
commission for rapid magnetic and telluric variations of the International
Association for Geomagnetism. (Prague, Svobodne Slovo, 18 Feb 58)
VI. ARCTIC MID ANTARCTIC
C PYRG HT Rocket Soundings of the per Atmosphere in Arctic and Antarctic
It was reported in the Soviet: IGY Committee that, in accordance with
the IGY program, the Mein Administration of Hydrometeorological' Service
under the Council of Ministers USSR and the Main Administration of the
Northern Sea Route, Ministry of Maritime Fleet USSR, are conducting in-
vestigations of the upper atmosphere in the Arctic and Antarctic by means
of vertical launchings of meteorological rockets.
Rocket soundings of the atmosphere are conducted by the high-latitude
observatory of the Arctic Scientific Research Institute on Ostrov Kheysa
[Heiss Island] (one of the islands of Franz Josef Land) and by the expedi-
tionary ship Ob' of the Complex Antarctic Expedition of the Academy of
Sciences USSR.
The observatory on Ostrov Kheysa, located at 80-37 N and 58-03 E,
was established in 1957 in connection with the IGY and is engaged in geo-
physical research.
- 19 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 CPYR HT
Since NNoveniber 195i', six mel.oorolot;icul rockets were 1uunched on
Ostrov 14ieysu. Thef:i.rs I; rocket was lauunched in the zenith on 4 November
1957, at 1055 hours Moscow time. During; its flight, the head section
containing theiriEStrumentn was detached, from the main body of the rocket;
tho, head section remained. in the air about h?0 minutes, descending slowly
by parachute. The in tr:?uments in it included electric resistance thermo-
m,eters, uc well as thermal and nnmbranc manometers for measuring the tem-
pcrature and pressure of t'ie air. The results were transmitted from the
rocket to the earth by nncui;; of a radioteiemetering apparatus.
Subsequent meteorological rockets with similar instruments were
launched on the following dates: second rocket, 16 December 1957 at 0735
hours; third rocket, 21 December 1957 at 0740 hours; fourth rocket,
19 January 1958 at 1145 hours; fifth rocket, 10 February'1958 at 1145
hours; and sixth rocket, on 18 February 1958 at 1610 hours. At the time
of the last launching, heavy radio interference was superposed on some
of the telemetric recordings.
The Third Antarctic Marine Expedition on the diesel electric ship
0b' has been launching meteorological rockets in antarctic waters. The
first of these rockets was launched from Davis Sea, in the region of the
observatory Mirnyy, on 31 December 1957 at 0910 hours Moscow time. The
rocket was equipped with instruments, similar to those used in the Arctic.
Data was also transmitted by rudiotelemetry. After its flight, the head
section of the rneteoroloG ical rocket was found and delivered to the Ob'.
Other meteorological rockets were launched from the ship as it moved
along the antarctic coast eas;: of Mirnyy, at the following points and on
the following dates: second rocket, from 65-26 S and 120-32 E, on 20 Jan-
uary 1958 at 1615 hours; third rocket, from 67-44 S and 147-12 E on 1 Feb-
ruary 1958 at 1717 hours; fourth rocket, from 69-11.9 S and 161-52 E on
February 1958 at 1600 hours.
As a result of rocket soundings of the atmosphere, data was obtained
for the first time on the distribution of temperature and pressure of the
air in the middle statosphere in the Arctic and Antarctic.
During the period of the IGY, additional rockets will be launched
from Ostrov Kheysa and the ' 'Elie data received from rocket sound-
in of the a mo e are now beinar s (Moscow, Pravda, 13 Mar
58)
CPYRGHT
Change of Staffs at Drift Stations
CPYRGHT
The Arctic Institute is making preparations for the replacement of
scientific staffs at the drift stations, which is to take place at the
end of March.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3
 A CPYR T
The new stuff o,? Ek:v,:rny,y ::nrnposeca o:f' 3::pericrrcL(t pol+k-
scicnt:tstt-s, will be headed. by T1. A. l3elov, Cuirdidatc; of
Gcogr~x: icy].
)ciences. Complex 1:cientif1c rcescarch in the Central. Arctic Basin w1.1".
continue, and the eoiogical h:isl;ory of L?he Arctic Ocean t?ri.11 be stu&.e'?i
under an e;cp,;uu3ecl pro--rim. For the first time, the stcff of th,-2 drif L
orations us(..! heavy tubes for taking ca.mples of the ocean br:)tttom.
These continuously operating piston-devices are able to penetrate as wrap-,
as nx.'tJerc into the ocean bottom. The study of soil. samples from the
ocean bottom will permit, Uco:Logists to deterr;inc {;he aUe of sccl.in i.ts and
to rev:f se the ;roil map of the Arctic Basin. In udd-,tion, it is planned
to ic n new deviccy for cicternrinirl~; thc amount of o:.one found in i;he 'atmos-
pheric layers at an altitude of several tens of kilometers.
A new staff for the Severnyy Polyus-6 station has also been selected.
The new station chief will be S . T. Serlapov, who has frequently wintered
on Ostrov Dikson (Dikson Island), Jays Shnridt, and in other arctic regions.
The new staff includes specialists in th._fi:ids of ionosphere, geophysics,
hydrology, inu netoiogy, and aerology.
Preparations are in progress for equipping an aerial expedition under
the leadership of M. M. Hikitin, Candidate of Geo"rophi.cal Sciences. The
expedition will deliver the new staffs of Severn;,ry Polyus-6 and Severnyy
-4' +Central Arctic Basin an will C
CPYRGH in the Arctic. Moscow, Vodnyy Transport, 11 Mar 53)
New Staff at Station Vostok in Antarctic
CPYRGHT
The Vostok, station established in December 1957, is conducting IGY
research, including the study of the ionosphere and photography of auroras.
The station is preparing to receive its new staff, which arrived in Mirnyy
on 21 nar~mhr?r nn fi1P r1ic+cA1 chi.pJTooperatsiya. The new shift will take
over around the middle of January. I f T4ningradsl:aya Pravda, 7 Jan 58)
CPYRGHT
Soviet Expeditionary Ship Visits Australian Port
The Soviet expeditionary ship Ob` spent 3 days in the Australian
port of Adelaide. The arrival of the Soviet explorers of the Antarctic
-aroused a great deal of interest among the local population and the sci-
(:ntists of the University of Adelaide, which is the oldest university in
Australia. Hundreds of visitors inspected the equipment and scientific
laboratories on the Ob', as well. as the photographic exhibits showing the
work of Soviet scientist.:, in the Antarctic and at sea.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200090001-3